^ ..^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) Us y//^^ ^ " ^*^ 4' ^ 1.0 1.1 125 no ^^ £[ Ijfi 12.0 u IL25 II 1.4 II 1.6 Sdmces CorpOTation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WmTn,N.V. U5M (716)t72-4S03 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical IMicroreproductions / institut Canadian d% microraproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notat tachniquaa at bibliographiquas Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy avallabia for filming. 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The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, pienches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seui clichA, 11 est film6 k partir de I'angle sup4rleur gauche, de gauche k droite, et de haut en has, en prenant Ie nombre d'Images n^cessalre. Les diagrammes suivants iiiustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 y.u..: ?»?«•««» f Mi ■^ Vi4 :^ r Tie Name. This Province has received different Names firom its diflfercnt Proprietors. That of Acadia WuS i6 New Scotland. I I ( i i \ \ } \ was given it by the French, and the Englifh gave it the Name of N(yva Scotia. It was afterwards called indifferently Acadia, or New Scotland. See La Hontartt Lewis the Xlllth's Grant of it by the Name of UAcadie to feveral Proprietors, and the 12th Article of the Treaty of Utrecht, The Englifli have not a Settlement in all North- America, which has been more fubjedt to be dif- puted, or which has more often changed its Mafler, than this. Sometimes it has been in the Hands of the French, and at other times of the EngU(h. The latter claim the Propriety of it from the Difcovery, which Cabot made of it in 1497, ^" *^^ Reign of Henry VII j and therefore it conftituted in the Beginning a Part of Virginia : and the Weft-India Company, by virtue of the Charter which they obtained from James I, gave pofitivc Orders to thofe in their Service, to hin- der any Foreigner from fetding there upon any Pretence whatfoever. It was 105 Years after the Difcovery of thi$ Country by the Cabots, before any Settlement was made on it. The Englifh attempted it in 1602, and not fuccecding, the French thought probably that the Province was abandoned by the Englifh, and therefore took PoffefTion of it, and included it in New France, or Canada. In 1604 they founded a Colony in the Peninfula, under the Con- duit of Mr. de Monts, and built Port Royal^ now Annapolis Royai; and in 1613 they eftabliflied another Fort at the Mouth of the River Penta- goetf or Penobfcoti in the Reign of their King Henry de ha^ ofl New Scotland. 17 jlifh gave fter wards Scotland*. ant of it oprietors, 'trecht, all North- to be dif- anged its en in the nes of the riety of it le of it in I therefore f Virginia : tue of the les I, gave ;e, tohin- upon any iry of this iement uras it in 1602, It probably le Englifh, id included 1604 they er the Con- Royaly now eflabliOied iver Penta' their King Rcnry Henry IV. Thefe new Colonies were hardly fixed, when Sir Samuel Argal^ then Governor of Virginia, having heard from the Indians, that there were white Men in fevcral Parts of this Province, went thither in i6i8, and meeting with fome Frenchmen, who had built Forts, he drove them away, and demolifhed their Habita- tions. Sir William Alexander, after having obtained the Grant of all the Lands of this Province, with the neighbouring Ifles, fent a Colony thither j and King Charles I. afterwards created an Order of Baronets of Nova Scotia, which ftill fubfifts, to whom Sir William gave Lands, on Condition of their peopling and cultivating them within a Time limited ; but as none of them performed that im- portant Claufe of their Grant, they feem to have I entirely forfeited the Claims they might other- wife have formed to it. In the Year 1623 Charles I. granted it to the French by his Marriage-Treaty with Henrietta Maria of France. In 1 627, when the Englifh were at War with the French, they took it from them. In 1630 Sir William Alexander fold it to Claude de la Tour y a French Gentleman; and in 1632 the Englifh yielded it to the French by the Trea- ty of St. Germain en Laye. In 1654 the Englifti took it again, and Stephen de la Tour, Son and Heir of Claude de la Tour, having proved the Right he had to the Propriety of this Country, by virtue of his Father's Pur- C chafe ' i i8 Nem Scotland, chafe of k, the Protedor Cromwcl adjudged it to him, and permitted him to enjoy it. In the Year 1656 the faid Stephen de la Tour fold New Scotland to Sir Thomas Temple and Mr. fViiiiam Crown. In 1662 the Knight, proving the Title he had to New Scotland, obtained the Confirmation of it from Charles II. with the Go- vernment of the fame during his Life, &c. In 1667 Sir Thomas Temple had Orders to reftore this Province to the French, by virtue of a Treaty concluded that Year betwixt the two Nations zxBreda', and upon the Proofs which he produced of his inconteftable Right to it, and on his Demand that a certain Sum of Money {hould be paid to him, as an Equivalent for that which he had difburfed, as well for the Purchafe of the Province, as for the Forts he had eredted there, the Government complied, and promifed to pay him the Sum of 1 6200 >(, . Sterling. In 1 674 thix Sir Thomas Temple died, and appointed his Ne- phew Mr. John Ncljon, his Heir to this Pro- vince. » In 1690 the Englifh took Nova Scotia again from the French. In 1697 ^^"g IViUiam reftorcd it to them by the Treaty ofRyswick. In 1 7 10 the Englifli conquered it again j and in 1712 It was yielded to them by the Treaty of Utrecht, and they have kept it ever fn^c. Thus has this Province paffed and repalTcd feveral times from the Hands of the French to tlic Englifli, un- doubtedly according to the Limits fpecified in the original ( Nev) Scotland, »9 idged it to Je la Tour emple and it, proving »tained the h the Go- &c. Orders to ^ virtue of t the two which he it, and on ney (hould that which hafe of the ided there, ifed to pay n 1674 thif ted his Ne- ) this Pro- Icotia again :o them by again j and e Treaty of wc. Thus :veral times ^ngiifh, un- :ified in the original original Patent granted to SirW, Alexander, or thofc which were afterwards regulated, extending to the River Penobfcot or Pentagoet, and as is cxpref- fed in the i ith Article of the Treaty of Utrecht, conformably to its ancient Limits. The Reader may confult what Father Charlevoix fays in bis Hiflory oj New France^ Tom. i and 2, and the ConduSt of the French with regard to Nova Sco^ tia, &c. by an anonymous Writer, and publiihed by T. Jefferys iA London. In 1730 Mr. John Nelfon fold it, and trans* ferred his Title to Mr. Samuel PTaldot a Gentleman of New England, who now calls himfelf the law- ful Proprietor of it. But as the Government has for fome Years been at very great Expence, in carrying over Men to fettle in this Province, and Troops to defend it, he folicits the Payment of the 16200 £, which was due to Sir Thomas Temple, or elffe that His Majefty would bfe pleafed to grant him other Lands in America, as an Equi- valent for that Province, which it is not doubted but he will foon obtain. In 1749, fome Months after the Concludon of the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, the Governor Ge- neral of Canada wrote a Letter in Form to the Governor of Nova Scotia, to acquaint him with the Claim, which France formed to the Northern Part of this Province. The Governor of Mar- tinique alfo wrote anoth^ almoft of the fame Nature to the Governor of Barbados \vith refpe(^ to the Iflc of Tobago. - C 2 The 20 New Scotland. 7%e Siuality of this Country. The Air of Nova Scotia is cold, by rcafon of its Woods and M mnt.iins, but it is clear and healthy. Tlic Country produces Corn, Fruits, Pulfe, Hemp, Copper, Iron. The Vines bear Grapes that are very well taftcd. It has better Timber for Building, and Marts of Ships than what we have in luirope. It has excellent Pa- fture, clear light Water, Plenty of Came for Hunting, and an abundant Filliery. Here arc Beavers and Otters in great Numbers, and its Rivers, which are deep, abound with Salmon and Sturgeon. The Sea-Coafts abound aifo with Herrings, the beft Codfidi in all the World, and Whales. Nova Scotia, in fliort, is of the utmoft Im- portance to the Englifli, and with the Province of Georgia, which is lituatc on the South, as this is on the North Side, form a ftrong Barrier, for the other Colonics that lie betwixt the two Pro- vinces, againft the Attacks of the French. The two chief Nations, the original Natives of this Country, were the Souriquois and the Etcheinins^ who are now reduced to fo fmall a Number, that they would not be able to diflurb the Englifh, if they were not excited to it by the French, when thefe two Powers are at War. The Pcninfula of Acadia is joined to the reft of Nova Scotia, by an Ifthmus of 12 Miles in Breadth ; and the Bay oiFimdyy which the French Geographers term the French Bay, divides them ^^ ' on th( be^ wl onl wil PrI ^^1^ New Scotland, 21 rcafon of :lear and Fruits, incs bear las better ip';, than client Pa- 'j.imc for IIcic arc , and its :li Salmon alfo with ''orld, and mod Im- ; Province ith, as this larrier, for 1 two Pro- ch. r»al Natives \i and the fo fmall a ; to dillurb to it by the War. to the refl 2 Miles in the French vides them on •n the Weft, as the Green Bay docs on the Eaft. When the Enirjini Government reduced their L.\nd and Sea-Forics at the Conclulion of the lart Peace, it took that Opportunity of augment- ing the Colony of Nova Scotia; and, in order to fubfili fo great a Nnmb( r of diilrindcd Men, it offered Lands to the Olliccrs, Soldiers, Seamen, nnd others, that were willing to go over and fettle there, without being obliged to pay any Acknow- ledg,ment for the Space of i o Years. Moreover, the Ciovernment promiied to be at the Expence of tbc Tranfportation, Subliftance and Mainte- nance of the new Colony for one whole Year after their Arrival, and to turnifh them with Arms, Provifions, Utenfils, Tools, &c. This Projedl was formed by the Lord Halifax^ firft Commif- iioner of Trade and Plantations. The Parliament has granted above 400000 f^. Sterl. for aggran- difing this Colony, and the Inhabitants are com- puted to be 50C0, befides the Troops that have been fent thither. Its principal Rivers are thofe of St, 'John^ and St, Croix^ and its Places of chief Note are in the Peninfula of Acadia, viz, I . Annapolis, formerly called Port Royal, on the B^y of Fundy, a Port which Nature has not been wanting to form one of the befl in the World, were it not for the Currents and Tide, which run into it with fuch Rapidity, that only one Ship can enter it at a time, and that mufl be with the Stern forcmofV, and with prodigious Precaution. On 22 New Scotland^ h On the S. W. of it lies Gipc Sable, very well known to the Sailors. 2. Halifax in N. Lat. 44T on the South Side of the Peninfula, in the Bay oi ChiboutioUt on the North Sea, is now the Capital, and the Refidence of the Governor of the Province. This Town was built not many Years ago, during the Govern- ment of Mr. Cornwai/is, and has its Name from the Earl of Halifax, the great Promoter cf this Colony. Canfo is a Poft to the North Eaft, near the Bay and Strait of that Name, over-againft the liland of Cape Breton, which the French took from the Englifli fome few Years ago. On the lilhmus itfelf, the French eredted two Forts, to hinder the Engliih from palling from the Pen- infula to the Continent, viz. one on the North Side on the Green Bay, the other to the South, called Beaufejoury on the Bay ofFundy : but were taken from them in July laft, and are now in the Poffeflion of the Englilh. Since that Time, Beau^ fejour or Beaubajfirii is called Cumberland Fort. The Scuriquoisy or Micmacs, are, according to the Geographers, the fame People, under different Names. Though they are far from being nu- merous, the French have made ufe of them with Advantage, to retard the Eftabliftiment of the new Colony, and to harrafsit inceffantly; fothat many of its People have been put to Death, or fcalped, that is to fay, their Skin has been Aripped off of their Heads, with the Hair on it j a Bar- barity which is pradtifed by all the Savages of this Continent} and which has fo terrified the People of New Scotland. 23 cry well >uth Side f, on the lefidencc lis Town : Govern- ime from r of this iaft, near igainft the inch took On the wo Forts, the Pen- the North the South, : but were now in the ime, heau- nd Fort, ccording to ler different \ being nu- ■ them with lent of the it\y; fothat 3 Death, or e^n dripped I it J a Bar- vages of this d the People of of the Colony, that they have been afraid to ex- tend themfelves to cuhivate the Lands, and re- main confined within very narrow Boun is, though in a Country which is of a great Extent. The Cape Sable Indians, who inhabit the Weftern Part of the Peninfula, have alfo been very trouble- fome to the Englifh. Cape Tourmentin^ or Storm-Pointy North . of Bay-verte, fo called from the frequent Storms ai ariie in this Sea, is very remarkable. The Bay oiChaleurs is to the South of the Pen* infula of GaJ'pefiay and is fo called from the great Heats there in the Summer : It abounds with Salmon, Cod, and Porpoifes. The Gafpejioy is a Peninfula, the moft Northern Part of Nova Scotia, watered on one Side by the River and Gulph of St. Lawrence, and on the other by the Bay of Chaleurs. In this Country are the high Mountains of Notre Dame, where are rich Mines, and good Timber for Mafls. Cape Rofiers is the mod Eaftern Land of this Peninfula. On the North Side of Bonaventure Ifland is the Ifland Perciey very well known by the Navigators who fail to Canada, but fo fmall that I have not reprefented it in this Map. St. Johns is a fine large River, which rifes at a little Diftance from the River of St. Lawrence, over-againft Quebec. The French have built two Forts fince the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, one at the Mouth of it, the other a little higher above the Fall, by means of which they were Mufters of the Indians of St. John's River, and had always the '. ' ' .' Com- ix. <• i i [3 If i I 24 iV^w Scotland. Command of a free Paffage. They have often fcnt Men and Merchandife from France to Quebec, and from Quebec to France, by this River, to avoid pafling the River of St. Lawrence, which is very difficult, and very dangerous, by reafon of its Currents, Rocks, and Sand- Banks, and becaufe it is only navigable from the Month of May to that of Odtober, by reafon of the Fogs and Ice, whereas St. John's is- navigable all the Winter. The French have abandoned thofe two Forts at the Approach of the Engliih, after the taking of Beaufcjour^ and not being able to defend them, burft their Cannon, blew up their Magazine, burned every thing they could, belonging to them, and marched off. The Indians of St. John begged for Peace. • ' ' The Bay, or Gulph of St, Lawrence is a Part of the North Sea, lliut in between the Ifland of Newfoundland and that of Cape Breton, and by Nova Scotia and the Coails of the Country of the Efquimaux. It has its Name from the River of St. Lawrence, which runs into it. , NEW ENGLAND Has New Scotland on the North-Eaft, the North Sea, or the Atlantic Ocean on the Eaft and South, New York on the South-Weft, and Ca- nada on the North- Weft, from which it is fepa- rated by the River of St. Lawrence. It lies be- twixt North Latitude 41 and 45. • ^ , Althou<^h tt I New England. 25 Although it is not to be doubted, that North- America was difcovercd by Sebajiian Cabott under the Protedion of Henry VII, four, or five Years after South - America was difco- vered by Chriftopher Columbus ; and though Sir Walter Raleigh and others were in Virgi- nia and in this Country, yet we find no fatis- fadory Account of its Difcovery, or Trade, till the Voyage which was made by Captain Bartholemew Gojhold in 1602. He carried on a very advantageous Traffic here with the Indians, and on his return to England, gave fo good a Charader both of the Country and its Inhabi- tants, that he engaged fome Merchants and other Perfons of Diftindion, to form a Settlement there, for which they were authorifed by a Charter from King James in 1606. The Gran- tees were called the Council of Plymouth from the Name of the Town where moft of the Members of the Council refided. While the Company was well enough fatisfied with their Succefs, a fatal Accident happened, which put their Affairs into a very great Confufion. A Captain of a Ship, whom they employed, im- patient to make his Fortune, inticed 27 Indians to come on board his Ship and immediately weighed Anchor and carried them to Malaga where he fold them for 20 £. Sterling per, Man. This perfidious Adion fo incenfed their Countrymen againft the Englifli, that from that very Time they broke oflF all Communication with them, and refolved to take Revenge for this P ' Outrage 26 Ne^ England* M Outrage upon them. The War that happened betwixt them afterwards, and the various Oh- ilacles and unlucky Accidents which the Com-' pany met with, obliged them to Abandon the Settlement. Neverthclefs fome other Merchants undertook to carry on a Trade thither, and a certain Number of Independents removed thither with Mr. Robinforiy their MInider, and built a Town there in Lat. 42. which they called New Plymouth. Their Number increafed every day, and it became a flourifliing Colony. They obtained a Charter which gave them power to chufe their own Governor, Council, and Magiftrates among themfelves, and even to make what Laws they • pleafed, provided they were not prejudicial to the Laws of England and contrary to the Pre- rogatives of the Crown. This Settlement, hav- ing the King's Authority and Encouragement, put other Perfons upon taking the fame ileps. Projerrivcd to fuch a Degree as gives Jcaloulic ppencd us Ob* : Com- on the rchants and a thitbcr built a ;d New ay, and btained fe their among ^s they ' cial to le Pre- hav- [cment, ; fteps. ts, and to this rs the Num- 0,000, es they ndians, Num- n, and 1 ufed. 3ower- h and s givfS aloulie New England. 27 Jealoufie to the very flate, from which it de- rives its Origine. The Hiflorians relate a remarkable Inftance of the Equity of the Puritans, who came to fettle in America. They might have taken the Advantage of iheir Number and their Charter, and have made choice of what Place they liked befl upon the Coaft to Settle, without regard to the Rights of the Savages, who were the Natu- ral Lords of the Country j but they rather chofe to purchafe of them what Land they wanted, and only confidered their Charter as a Licenfe from their Sovereign, to treat with thofe Savages : But the Spaniards have been fo far from paying fuch Regard to the Law of Nature, that inftead of legally purchaiing at a moderate Price the Countries, which they poflefs on this Continent, they have made ufe of Arms and comniitted horrible Mafacres to fecure their Pofleffion. The Air here is very wholefome, and though the Country lies in the middle of the Temper rate Zone, and might therefore be fuppofed to enjoy the fame Temperature of Air, as the South of France ; yet we find the contrary, the Cold being ftiarp and conftant in the Winter, and the Heat cxccffive in the Suuimer. New Eng- land produces abundance of Flax, Hemp, In^ dian Corn and other Grain, Pulfe and Fruits. There is Plenty of Game up in the Country, and of Fi(h upon the Coaft and in the Rivers, There is a Cod and Whale Fifhery upon this Coaft, as well as upon that of Ncw-Foundland. D 2 The I I iS I New England. The chief Merchandife, imported from this Country, confifts in Furs, particularly of the Beaver and the Elk, Mafls and all forts of Ship Timber, better than what grows in Norway, Meal, Bifcuits, Dry Pulfe, divers kinds of Grain, Salt, Salt-Meats, Fifh, particularly the Green and Dry Cod, and the Salt-Mackarel, Hemp, Flax, Pitch Tar, C^c. All Payments are made in this Province, and the other Englifh Colonics, in Paper Money, which they call Province-Bills^ or Bills of Credit, The Goodnefs of the Country, the mildnefs of the Government, and the due Regard paid to • its excellent Laws, are known to all Europe^ and whole Families of Proteftants come to live here from all parts. Within thefe three Years pad Brigadier General Waldoy has fent above I coo Perfons upon his Lands, to each of whom he has given from one to 200 Acres gratis. The Government of New England is Repu- blican, though the King has too Governors here. The Power is wholly veiled in the General Af- fembly of the Province, confifting of above 100 Reprefentatives, or Deputies of Towns and Diftridts. No Debocheesj Vagabonds, or Beggars are fuflfered in this Country, and particular Care is taken of the Education of its Children; for every Place, in which there are 50 Families, is obliged to have a fchool to teach them to Read, Write and Cypher, as well as to inftrudt them in Religon : and in Places where are a hundred Families, 1 \ New England. 29 Families, Grammar, ^c, is taught j fo that there is not a Child of 9, or 10 Years of Age in all the Province, but knows the Catechifm as well as to Read and Write. I refer the curious to Mr. Neah Hijiory of New-England which he publiih.d in 2 Volumes Odtavoj to Oldmixon's Britijh Empire in America^ &c. and to the Sum- mat y Hijiorical and Political of the Britijh Set-' tlements in North America by William Douglas M. D. This Province is divided into 4 principal Co- lonies, three of which have their particular Charters and their different Forms of Govern- ment : They extend from South to North, and are thofc of ' "? ■> r .. , .- > I. Connecticut f on the S. W. ; > 2. Rhode IJland and Providence^ on the S. E. 3. MaJachufetS'Bay^ N.ofthofe two, ^ _ 4. New Hamppire, to the N. of all three. Its chief Rivers are thofe of ConneSlicutt Met- rimak, Saco, Penob/cot, &c. ' ' , I. Con NEC Ti CUT. The Province, or Colony of Connea:icttt has its name from the River Connecticut, which runs through it from North to South. It is able to raife 30,000 Men. Its chief Town is New- haven, 2. Rhode ■A "t I 3© Nem England, y, 2. Rhode Island and Providence. The Province, or Colony, called Rhde IJland and Providence t has Rhode Ifland, 15, or 16 Miles in Length, and 4, or 5 in Breadth. It is by rcafon of its Fertility, and the Goodncfs of its Air, ftiled the Paradife of New-England. It carries on a great Trade to the £ngli(h Iflands. Newport is its principal Town, and it has a Harbour defended by a Fortrefs, fur- ni(hed with 30 pieces of Canon. 3. Massachusets-Bay. The Province, or Bay of •lony of Majfachufe comprehends New- Plymouth^ the Province Main^ and that Tradt of Land (which is be- twixt the faid Province, and Nova-Scotia,) cal- led formerly the King's, or Dukes Province, nov/ the DiJlriB^ and not the Province of Sagadahook. MafTachufets-Bay is the moft powerful and the oldeft of all the Colonies. Bofion, to the Eaft in 42 degrees t North Lat. is the Capital of all New-England and the greateft and moft trading Town of all the Eng- lifli Poffeffions in America. The entrance of it is difficult, and defended by 2 Batteries of Can- non : its Bay is large enough to contain all the Ships of England, and at a certain Time of the Year, the Marts of the Ships look as much like a Foreft, as thofe in the Thames. Bofton . has about 30,000 Inhabitar.ts, of whom one half are Non- :e. '? IJland , or 16 I. It is Incfs of ingland. Englifti ^n, and ;fs, fur-p tfetS'Bay vince of h is be- :ia,) cal- iccy nov/ idahook. and the \ North and the he Eng- nce of it of Can- n all the le of the luch like fton . has ; half are Non- ^ New England. 31 Nonconformifls. It is 2 Miles in Length and in fome Places t of a Mile in Breadth. The Greets are broad and well paved, and the Houfcis well built, fome of Brick ,' others of Timber. Here the Governor of the Province has his Re- fidcnce. Briftol to the South is very confide- rable and populous, and next to Boflon it is the moft trading Town of all New-Kngland. 4, New Hamhshire. The Province, or Colony of J^ew Hampjhire lies between the River Kennebec on the Eaft, and New York on the Weft* His Governor Sub-Governor and other Officers are appointed by the King. His chief Town is Fortfmouth* Cowas or Cohaffer upon the Connecticut River, is a Fort built by the French fince the Peace of Aix-laChapelle. To the North of the Province, and on the Bank of St. Lawrence River, betwixt the River Sorel and the Ifle of Orleans, are feveral Villages built by the French fince the Treaty of Utrecht. At the Mouth of the River Sorel, on the Lake of St. Peter, is the Fort of Richelieu. The Province of Main, which fome Authors make a Province of itfelf, extends N. E. as far as to the River Penobfcot. As it is expofed to the Attacks of the French and Indians, moft of its Towns are defended by Forts, which they take care to keep in good Repair. The French have Miilionari&s among the Indians on the River Penobr ■«i '»■ u 32 New England, Penobfcot and Kennebeck j and though thefc In- dians arc not in Number above 300, they every now and then, do a great deal of Mifchief to the Colonies, eftublifhed on the Eaft Side of this Pro- vince. Cap Cod is that famous Cape to the South- Eaft of New England, v ., ) r li NEW r R K: This Province is fitnate betwixt New England on the Eaft, the North Sea and New Jerfey on the South, Penfilvania and the Lake Ontario on the Weft, and the faid Lake, and St. Lawrence River on the North j and lies between North La- titude 40^ and 464-, It was formerly called New Sweden, becaufe the Swedes fettled there in the Reign of their Queen Chriftina ; and the Dutch, who afterwards had PoffclTion of it, caU«d it the New Netherlands, They purchafed it in 1608 of Hudjon, the Eng- lifh Navigator, who difcovcred it, and they fettled here, notwithftanding James I, King of England, protefted againft this Purchafe. They enjoyed it quietly till 16 18, or 16 19, that Sir Samuel Ar- gal. Governor of Virginia, attacked their Planta- tions, and deftroyed them. However, on their Application to King James I, he gave them a Li- cenfe to fettle on the fame Coafts, from which he had drove them. In 1667 they reftored this Province to the EnglilTi by the Treaty of Peace at Nei» York, 33 lefc In- y every f to the lis Pro- South- England ?rfey on tario on awrence Drth La- becaufe of their terwards herlands, he Eng- :y fettled England, njoyed it mel Ar- r Planta- on their em a Li- 1 which ored this 3f Peace it Breda. During the (hort War, which Eng- land, in Alliance with France, declared againil the States General in 1672, the latter recovered New York in 1 673 ; but reftored it the follow- ing Year, at the Conclufion of the Peace with Great Britain. It is 200 Miles in Length, and 50 in Breadth. It received the Name of York from the Duke of York, Brother to Charles II, who gave it him in 1664. The King fends a Governor hither. The Air is wholefomc and temperate, and the Soil fruitful in Wheat. Its Forefts abound with Game, and its Timber is very proper for Ship- building. The Indian Nations of this Co»mtry cloathe themfelves in the Winter with the Skins of certain Beafts ; but in the Summer they go al- moft naked, or at leaft have fome flight Skin to cover them. Thcfe, like Indians of New Eng- land, are very tawny, favage, idolatrous, and trade with the Englifh in the Skins of Elks, Bears, Ot- ters, and Beavers. They are fond of French Brandy, and all ftrong Liquors. The Trade of New York being much the fame as that of New England, I refer the Reader to what I faid on the Subjeft, in that Province. Hudfon's River is the moft confiderable of New York. Long-IJland at the South-Eaft, is near 150 Miles from Eaft to Weft, and abounds with Corn and Fruits. New York, its Capital, ftands in a fmall Ifland, at the Mouth of Hudfon's River, and was E formerly \r- I 3+ New York. formerly "by the Dutch ftilcd Ntw Amfterdam, It is the Reiidence of the Government of the Province. The Town is governed by a Ma- giftrate and other Officers, like the Towns cor- porate of England. This is the mod plaifant Town in all EnglKh America. The Houfcs are of Brick and Stone, and built after the Dutch manner. Albany^ formerly Fort Orange, to the North, upon Hudfon's River, is the Staple of the Inha- bitants of this Colony for the Fur-Trade. Here are near 300 Families, for moft part Dutch. It is the ufual Place of the Conferences, held with the Sachems, or Indian Chiefs. All the Country to the North, betwixt the X^akes Ontario^ St, Sacrement, and Cbamplain^ and the Rivers Sorel and St, Lawrence, is now occu- pied by the French, who have had Poffeffion of it fince the Peace of Utrecht. In 1725 they built a good Fort in the room of Crown Point Fort, taken from the Englifh, which they call St. Frc-- deric. To the North of the Lake Cham plain they have Fort Cbambli, and to the North of the latter, that of Sorely on the Lake of St. Peter, and feveral more, oppofite to Montreal, ta N E IV y E R S E r. This Province, which is to the South- Weft of New York, is of fmall Extent, betwixt North Lat. 39 and 4 1 4. It is bounded on the South by the Nm Jerfey. 35 the Mouths oi Delaware and HudforCs Rivers, and by the Ocean, In Temperature of the Air and Produd, it is the fame as New Yor^. It was difcovered by the Swedes , who fettled here, and called it New Sweden. The Dutch, to whom this Country lay convenient, by reafon of the Neighbourhood of New Holland, difloged the Swedes from it, and kept it till they were compleatly conquered by the Engli(h, who in- cluded it in New York, of which it was the Southern Part; but when they detached it from the North Part, they gave it the Name of New Jerfy. The King abpoints its Governor, &c. - New Jerfey is divided into Eafl and PVeft, The former is the mofl populous, and the bed culti- vated. Its chief Towns are Elizabeth-Town and Shrewsbury, Though the Weft l^art is not fo populous, yet \tm as happily iituated as the Eaft Part is for Trade, - Twelve Years ago the Inhabitants were com- puted at 16000, of whom 3000 were fit to bear Arms for the Defence of the Country. At that Time the Indians did not exceed 200 in all. They employ now ten times more Negroes than they did 50 Years ago. We may judge of the Increafc of its Commerce, by that of its Inhabitants. i .^ F E N S I L VA N 1 A, , Penfilvania has New York on the North-Eaft, New Jerfey on the Eaft, Maryland on the South, E 2 and » • . •♦*••« • t * , ' • , • , « • ' I J » < ' %. 9 * • > . * I ik-A \'.l '11 It «* 36 Puffikama. and the Five Indian Nations on the North aqd WeA, and is (ituated betwixt the 38th and 43d D^ greL'S of North Lat. The Climate and Soil are very much the fame as in New Jcrfey. It is very hot in Summer, and often very cold in the Win- ter. The Country produces Abundance of Corn and other Grain, Fruits, Pulfe, Cattle, wild Fowl, Fifli, &c. It had its Name from William Penrit one of the Scdt of the Quakers, to whom King Charles II. gave both the Propriety and Go* ve nment of it in 1681, in Confideration of the Services done to him by his Father, Sir William Penn. When ihe Dutch were in Pofleflion of it, it was called the New Netherlands. Mr. Penn, upon his Arrival, did not think the King's Grant of it to him by Charter fufficient, and therefore chofe to purchafe it of the Chiefs, or Indian Princes them»elves, which gave him fuch an abfolute Right to the Country, as was indifputable. ; Penfiivania is now very populous. It is remark- able that the Inhabitants have never been at War with any of their Neighbours, Chriftians, or In- dians, fince Governor Penn fettled here. The Inhabitants are computed at above 1 50,000. They enjoy greaf Privileges, ^nd live under a very mild Government. The EngliHi here are more nu- merous than thofe of other Nations, who are Palatines, Swedes, Dutch, French, and Ne- groes. The prevailing Religion of this Country is that of the Seft cf the Quakers, yet every Chriftian Proieftant,. b^ hi? pf what Sed foever, has the ji : fame * • * • • • ^ * * ' » * • • « • • » « •• • , ••• • •• »'• • • • • • «' J , Penfihama. jy fame Liberty of Confcience as In England. The native Indians here are very tradable, and it is faid that they believe a God, and the Immorta- lity of the Soul. The Trade of this Province confifts in Horfcs, Pipe-ftaves, Beef, Fifli, Pork , Furs, Corn, &c. which they exchange in the Antilles Iflands for Rum, Sugar, Molafles, Salt, Wine, and Silver ; and in England for Moveables, Utenfils, and other Houfliold-Goodsj Cloaths, Tools, Arms, &c. Penfilvania is divided into fix Counties. Its chief Rivers are thofe of Delaware and Safqua- hanougb. Philadelphia Is the Capital, and one of the beft fituated and befl laid out Towns in the World. The Streets are fpacious and regular; the Houfes, of which there are actually above 2000, neat, and well-built J and if they continue to build as they have hitherto done, according to the Plan of Mr. Penn, its Founder, it will be one of the moft beautiful Towns in the World. The Iroquois^ who are the moft valiant of the Savages, inhabit the Country which is between New York, Penfilvania, the Lakes of Erie and Ontario, and the River of St. Lawrence. They are warlike, but fo cruel as even to fuck their Enemies Blood. They are divided into Five Nations, who are the Mohawks^ or AgnieSj the Oneidas, the Onondagas^ the Cayugas, and the Sen- fiekas, to whom theTuJcaroraSf who are now the fixth Nation, are joined. Each of them forms a feparate Republic, and has its great Village, or . Number ^! 38 Penjilvaniat \ h ^' Number of Huts, 20 or 30 Leagues diftant from thofe of any other Clan, or Canton. Thofe whom they have conquered, pay them a Tribute, which two of their Elders go every Year to receive. They are in Number about 1 6,000, but dedu(fting from that Number the old Men, Women and Children, there will not remain above 1 500 fit to bear Arms. Their Language is much the fame, and their Government like that of the Swifs, having an Abhorrence of defpotic Power. They have been the Subjedls and Allies of the Engli(h ever fince the Treaty o{ Albany in 1664, by which they acknowledged themfelves and their Territories to be fubjed to the King of Great Britain. This Treaty was confirmed by two others in 1684 and 1687, and laftly by a third in 1701, wherein they made a Sale to the Britidi Monarch of all their Lands, both here- ditary and conquered. This latter Treaty was renewed in 1726, and confirmed 2X Lancafier in Penfilvania, in 1744. By thefe Treaties the French are excluded from all manner of Claim, to the Countries about the five great Lakes, to the Banks of the River Ohioy and to fome others of a great Extent, of which I fhall hereafter make mention. * ■ ' ' ■-^■■^ ' By means of the Trade in Furs, which the Iroquois, or five Nations, carry on with the Eng- li(h, they have Arms, Ammunition, and all Ne- ceflaries cheaper, than they could have them from the French. They only value thefe two Nations for the fake of the Merchandife they want from them, ■'-Vf Penfihania. them, though they pay dear for them, even four times more than they are worth. The French have corrupted a great Part, and in order to gain the others, tiiey are continually reprefenting the Englifli to them, as Enemies to the Race of Mankind. Thefe Savages were extremely tem- perate before they knew the Chriftians. Since they have been fupplied with Aquavitae, which they fwallow greedily, they are guilty of the , greatefl Diforders, and when they have drank it, are worfe than the very Brutes. They are very ignorant as to Religion, and know not what Deity they believe in; they fometimes invoke two Sorts of Deities. They think the Soul to be immortal. Some of them, who are not quite fo ftupid as others, ferve them for Priefts and Phy- ficians. They have extended their Territories as far as to the Illinois River, ever fince the Year 1672, when they fubdued the ancient Cbaoua- nanSy the natural Proprietors of the Country, and of the River Ohio, and with whom they are fince incorporated. They pretend that it belongs to them by Right of Conqueft, as well as a great Part of Mifsiflipi. We have paid for it with our Blood J fay they, and it is but juji that wejhould keep PopJ/ion of it. Between the Lakes Erie and Ontario is the River St. Lawrence, in the middle of which is the famous Cataract, or Water-Fall of Niagara : we are told it is about 800 Feet high, and about half a League broad. The Water runs with fuch Violence, and tumbles off the Precipice with fuch 4.0 Maryland, fueh Fiiry, that the Noife of it is heard thirty Miles from it, and makes an Arch, under which men mav pafs without Danger, or Damirge. This R ver is the grand Paffage from Miffiflipi to Canada, as well as that from the Nations, which dwelt about the Lakes, to the Englilh Colonies. The Fort the French have upon it, is called Niagara, or Denonville Fort. ' f^*" '.■■■a MAR r L A N D, This Province has Penfilvania on the North and Eaft, Virginia on the South, the River Pa- towmack on the Weft, (^c, , and is fituated be- twixt 374r and 40 Degrees of N. Lat. It re- ceived its Name from Mary, Wife to Charles I. K. of England, who detached it from Virginia to grant it to Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore, in the Year 1632. It is a confiderable Fief of the Crown, and the Proprietor of it has a very ex- tenfive Authority. The Air and Soil of Maryland are much the fame as thofe of Virginia, of which this Province was formerly a Part. Its principal Tratiick is the Tobacco Trade. It abounds with all the Neceffaries of Life, and has very good Cyder, which is the common Drink of the Inhabitants. It enjoys Great Privileges, and the Govern- ment here was eftabliflied on the Model of that of \ ^ Maryland. 41 nf England. The Proprietor of it can prorogue, ordiflblve the Affembly whenever he pleafts, and no Adt is valid, till ratified by the Proprie- tor, or his Deputy. It was computed 40 Years ago, that the En- glifli Inhabitants in Maryland were 16,000, and now they are reckoned at above 40,000. Its Trade is increafed fo much, in proportion to its Inhabitants, that Lord Baltimore draws a very confiderable Revenue from it. The Indians of this Province are but a fmall Number, and they live in two, or three Villages upon the Eaftern Side. They have not been fo much leflened by the Wars, which they have had with the Englifh, as by thofe which they have perpetually with one another. They are deceitful and exceeding lazy. They are di- vided into Tribes, which have each their par- ticular King. ' • The Province is divided into eleven Coun- ties, of which fix are to the Weft, and five to the Eaft of the Bay of Cheafapeak, where there are feveral Towns, the chief are St. Mary to the South, and Annapolis to the North, formerly called Arundelton, upon the Bay. _ . - r V I R G I N I A. ^ Virginia is fituated betwixt 36 and 40 Degrees of North Lat. and has Maryland to the North F Eaft, i; tf 'M- 4« Maryland, Eaft, from which it is feparated by the Rivet Patowmack ; the North-Sea on the Eaft, Caro- lina on the South, and on the Weft it has the Mifliffipi, that parts it from Louifiana; or ra- ther .thole vaft Countries, that extend towards tjbe South-Sea, as the Line of my Map fliews, a^coi:ding to the Charter, or Grant of James the Firft. »i fti'jMi'ft f ; V The Winters here ar« fbmetimes difagreeable enough, though commonly fpeaking the culd Weather does not hold long. In the Summer, It is very near as hot here, as in the Southern Parts of Spain. The Soil yields plenty of Maiz, all man- ner of Fruits, and certain Roots of which the Americans make Bread. Here are wild Vines that, bear good Grapes, and abundance of Tobacco,, which is very much efteemed, the iRrft that was feen in England : and it is to the Cultivation of this Plant, that the Inhabi- tants chiefly apply thcmfelves. Here is a vaft Number of Otters and other Animals, whofe Skins are very much efteemed, befidi^s Lions, Bears, Deer, Rabbits, a great Number of Tur- kics, Partridges, and other Birds. This Country is faid to have been firft difco- Vered by Sebajiian Cabot ^ in 1497, ^^ *^^ Reign of Henry VII. King of England : But Sir PVulter Raleigh had certainly the Honour of difc verirg this Province, in 1 584, and of making the fiift Settlement in it. He gave it the Name of Vir~ ginia, in Honour of the Virgin Queen Elifabeth. Virginia Maryland. 43 Rivet Caro- las the or ra- to wards (hews, mes the ^reeable (ummer, outhern 11 man- lich the Id Vines ance of ted, the it is to Inhabi. is a vail 1, whofc s Li'ns, of Tur- ft difco- le Reign r Walter fc -verirg ; the fiift of Vir- ilifabeth. Virginia Virginia extended heretofore from Florida to Nova-Scotia, and took in New England, New York, New Jerfey, Pcnfilvania, Maryland and Carolina. The Wars and Maflacres, imputed to the bad Government of its Proprietors, ex- tremely retarded the Progrefs of this Colony, but fince 1679, it grows ftronger every Year than other. The Original Natives of this Country are few in Number, of which their Sloth is the Caufe : for they negledt the Cultivation of a Soil, which wcjuld produce them Plenty of every thing. They wear the Skins of w Jd Beafts, and paint their Bodies, that they may look beautiful. In the Summer they go naked, and only cover thofe Parts which Modefty does not permit the Men- tion of. The Breach of the Marriage Contrad: is with them a Crime unpardonable, and though they allow of Divorces they feldom proceed to fuch a Separation. The Men employ themfelves wholly in Hunting, Fifhing, War and other fuch Exercifes, while the Women take Care of the Field and houfehold Affairs. Their greatcft Traffick is in the Skins of wild Beafts, which they have killed. Their Arms are Bows, Ar- rows, and Clubs. Their Religion is to wor- ship every thing they fear, as Fire, Water, Thunder, Cannon, Horfes, and efpecially the Devil, of whom they have frightful Images in their Temples, and offer him Blood and the Fat of wild Beafts. They efteem the Sun, Moon and Stars as Demi Gods. Yet they have F 2 fome 44 Maryland. Ei'M < i 1 fomc Notion of a fuprcme Deity, who created the World and the other Deities; and they be- lieve the Immortality of the Soul. The chief Wealth of the Country is Tobacco, of wliich the Colony fends near 1 00,000 Hogs- heads every Year to England. In this fingic Article, they employ between 300 and 400 Vcflels, and more than 4000 Sailors. Above 60,000 Hogfheads are exported to Foreigners, which at 5. £. a Hogfhead produce 300,000 >f . Sterling, exclufive of what the Duties and Freight of this Trade amount to. It is reckoned that there are not lefs than 500,000 Inhabitants in Virginia, including the Negroes they employ. They have moft of the Neceffaries of Life from England, as Linnen, Cloth, Silk, India Goods, Wine, all kinds* of Stuffs, Hats, Shoes, Stock- ing, Flanels, Nails, Hatchets, Knives : in a word, England furniflies it with abundance of Com- modities of its own Growth and Fabricks, to the Amount of near a Million Sterling. Every one muft imagine that the Englifli Colc»^ieSj create a great Commerce and procure a vaft Advantage to England, and that it is the Intereft of this Nation to encourage the Increaie of it, cfpecially in the foreign Colonies, brought from ProteftaDt Countries; it being viiible that as People multiply , the Want of Provilions in- creafcs in Proportion, Virginia is divided into 25 Counties. The Bay vji Cheaf apeak wafhes the South-Eaft Side of it ; and its piincipal Rivers are thofe of Fatowmack Maryland, 45 Patowmack on the N. , James on the S. , and Duboii and Ohio on the W. Jamei'^owriy on the River James, which is the Capital of Virginia, and Williamsburg^ which is fome Miles Diilance, are its moft remarkable Places. The Towns of this Province are not very populous, becaufe the chief Men of the Country relide at their Plantations* I CAROLINA. Carolina lies betwixt Virginia on the North, Florida and the Gulph of Mexico on the South, and the North-Sea on the Eaft. By the Charter of King Charles JJ. its Bounds extend from N. Lat. 29, to 367 , and Eaft and Weft, from Sea to Sea. It is divided into North - Carolina and South-Carolina, The Air is clear and healthy, but hotter than in Virginia. The Soil produces Fruits, Corn, Pulfe , Timber , Rice and Indigo ; and the Antilles Iflands are furniftied from hence with all Manner of Provifions. Vines and Mulber* ries thrive here alfo very well , and Silk- Worms abound here. The Candle-Myrdes, or or Wax-Trees, are more numerous and come up better in this Province, than in the other Englifti Poflcflions. They grow in the Iflands, or on fome Shoal near the Sea, and produce Ber- ries, which appear like Bunches of Grapes. The Inhabi- +6 Carolina, II: 1^^: ,) Inhabitants boil them, and draw an Oil from them, which hardens as it cools, and with it they make Candles. See Catesbys Nat. Hijiory of Carolina^ in 2 Vol. Fol, Here are great Num- bers of Fallow-Dear and wild Fowl. There are few Countries fo convenient as this for Trade and Navigation, by reafon of the many navigable Ri- vers with which it is watered. Infcdts are very troublefome here, and the Woods are full of Serpents, but they are not venomous, except only the Rattle-Snakes. The Rivers on the South Side abound with Fifh, but they have Sharks and other large Fifti, as Crocodiles, which are very dangerous. This Province was heretofore a Part of Flori- da, and therefore fomc Geographers call it Englijb Florida^ tho' the Spaniards were the firft that fettled in it. The French fuppofing this Coun- try to be abandoned , fettled hei'e under the Aufpices oi Charles IX. K. of France, from whom it has everfince bore the Name of Carolina. The Spaniards drove the French from it and cruelly treated them, but the latter, in their Turn, drove out the Spaniards, whom they treateJ in the fame Manner. In the Year 1622 the Englifh who fl^d from New England and Virginia, to prevent their being maffacred by the Indians, fettled on this Coaft, where they increafed in Number and profpered, and it was almoft an hundred Years after this, before either the French or Spaniards returned hither. Such was the State of Affairs, when Charles II, King of England, vefted CaroKna. 47 vefted this Land, in 1663, in the Property of Edward E. of Clarendon^ George D. ofAlbemarle, the Ld. Craven^ the Ld, John Berkley^ the Ld, Anthmy Afhley^ Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley y and Sir John Colliton, on Condition that it fhould be held of the Crown of England. Thefe laft Proprietors gave their Names to feve- ral Trads and Rivers of this Country. In 1728, feven of the Proprietors, quite tired out with the Difficulties and Troubles that fubfifted here, re- figncd |ths of their Property to the Crown for the Sum of 17,500 £. Sterling; but Milord Car- teret, the prefent Earl of Granville, referved to himfelf the Property of the other S^K Since this Refignation, the King fends fuch Governors to Carolina as he thinks fit, and the Trade of the Inhabitants is become fo confiderable, that about 200 Ships go from Charles-Town every Year al- mofl, all for England, laden with Rice, Pitch, Skins, Timber, and other Commodities of the Produdt of the Country. They drive a very pro- fitable Trade with the Indians, by exchanging Gun- Powder, Shot, Iron Works, Liquors, &c. for their Furrs. There are rekoned not lefs than 50,000 Negroes in Carolina ; but Workmen are fcarce here, which is a great Pity, becaufe they are obliged to pay an exhorbitant Price for Euro- pean Wares, which might be had very cheap in the Country, if thefe were but Artificers enough to make them. -^ - The two chief Indian Nations, their Neigh- bours, are the Creeks and the CherakceSf whom the 48 Carolina* 1 1 if 1 the English, after having been a long time at War With them, have fubdued, and they now ferve as a powerful Barrier for them againft tho French and Spaniards. The Natives ol this Country are not fo favage as thofe of fome other Countries of America. They are naturally fair, but they paint their Skin, which renders it yellow and olive coloured. They <;pmmonly go naked, with only a Wrapper round their Waifts ; are very vicious, treacherous and daring, and are fo fond of the Hair on their Heads, tb . they would not ?ofe it for any Con* iideration ; from whence no doubt it comes, that when they fight and conquer their Enemies^ they fcalp them -, that is, they take off the Skin of their Heads with the Hair on, and fhew it as the greateft Mark of their Valour and their Vic- tory. Hunting and Fifhing are their favourite Employments; and tho* they cultivate their Land, yet they fow no more Seed, than will ferve to fubiifl them 4, or 5 Months -, and they laugh at the Englifh for taking fo much Care for Fu* turity. They undertake nothing without a Ge- neral Council of the Chiefs and Counfellors, or Elders of the Cantons, who meet every Morning. North-Carolina and South-Carolina^ into which, as has been already obferved, this Country is di- vided, have each their Governor, arid are fubdi- vided into Counties and Parifhes. The chief Rivers that water it from the South to the North, are the Savannah, Sante and Cla- rendon, Cape Carolina. 49 :ime at cy now infl the 3 favagc merica. ir Skin, 1. They r round )us and )n their ny Con* nes, that inemieSi the Skin tew it as icir Vic- favourite ite their vill ferve ey laugh for Fu* ut a Ge- llors, or doming, o which, try is di- re fubdi- he South and Cla- Cape Cape Fear^ in the Middle of the Province, is the Place which divides it into North and South. Char/es-Towrii inN. Lat. 33, is the Capital of the Province, built fix Miles from the Sea , at the Mouth of the River Cooper. It is the only Free Port of the Country, fo that all the Produce of the Province is brought to it. It carries on a very confiderable Trade, tho' it has not above 6 or 700 Houfes. Here are feveral public Edifices very well bnilt. It is the Seat of the Governor. The Aflernbly and the Courts of Juftice are held here, and all the Bufinefs of the Province is here tranfa(5lecl. The Bar before the Town hinders Ships of above 200 Tphs from entering it. This Town fufFered very much by a Hurricane and an Inundation in 1752. GEORGIA, Georgia, which is hemmed in by South-Ca- rolina, lies between the Savannah River on the North, the River Alatamaha on the South, and the North-Sea on the Eaft. It is fituated betwixt the 3 i ft and 34thDeg. 4- of North Latitude. The Spaniards claim a Right to it, as a Part of Spanifh Florida. In 1732 it was feparated from South-Carolina, and a Colo- ny WAS began to be planted there, to which the *• '■•-'■ ' ^ G Name s« Georgia. Name of Georgia was given in Honour of K, George II. Gcner. .1 Oglcthorp, an adtive Gentle- man and very zealous for the Good of his Coun- try, carried over the infant Colony. A fine De- fcription of the Country was publiflied at the fame time, and the Parliament granted conlide- rable Sums, which, with the Gifts of feveral pri- vate Gentlemen, feemed likely to fecure a happy E(labli(hment , but notwithflanding the great Things that werefaid of it,and theGenerofity with which the Colony has been treated, there has been fuch a Defertion from it, even to this very Time, that it is to be feared, unlefs the Govern- ment of England provide a fpeedy Remedy,Geor- gia will be intirely abandoned. It is as impor- tant a Country on the South, as Nova Scotia is on the North, for the Security of the Colonies that are betwixt both. See the Britijh Empire, Vol. I. and Hijioire dit Commerce des Colonies Art" gloifes. NEW ^o» NEW FRANCE. NEW France is that large Country, betwixt Terra Incognita and New Britain on the North, the EngliSi PoffefTions on the Eaft, the Gulph of Mexico on the South, New Mexico and the Unknown Countries on the Weft. The North Part is called Ctf «, and Lake is d-Banks is Lake Ives into into that itario. da are in -le Troh- th-Eaft, liver St. m in the St. Law- at Trade, the River Canada. ss ^ebec, to the North-Eaft on the fame River, in North Lat. 47 ^, is the Capital of all Canada, and particularly of Saguenay. The Town is pretty large and divided into Upper and Lower. The Upper Town ftands on a Rock, and the Lower on the River, where it has a vaft deep Harbour. It is very populous, well built and defended by a Citadel, wherein refides the Go- vernor of Canada. There is a Sovereign Coun- cil, feveral Monafteries, and a very fine College of the Jefults. Tadoujfac, on the North, at the Mouth of the Saguenay and the River St. Lawrence, is the feccnd Town of Canada, and has a good Port. See the Voyages of the Baron de la Hontan^ de Monti Charlevoix^ &< In a new Chart, .,;nby Mr, Buachet from the Memoirs of M. or. The Is hither, )lina and I to this n whofe Reign Loutfiana* 57 Reign it was difcovered by Mr. de la Salle ; and it had that of MiffiJ/ipi from the River fo called. It belonged once to the India Company, but in 1730 they gave it back to the King. The Pro- teftants of France have fevcral times defired Leave to go and fettle in this Country, and have been as often refufed. Admiral Coligni had it once in his Thoughts to retire hither. To the Weft of theChicafaws lies the Country of the AlkanfaSt the moft likely of all Louifiana, next to that of the Illinois, for producing all Sorts of Grain, and feeding Cattle, and in this Part was the Grant made to the famous Mr. Law. The Alkanfas are rekoned to be the talleft and hand- fomeft of all ihe Savages, and by way of Diftinc- tion, they are called the handfom Men, The French have two Forts here on the River Miffiffi- pi, 25 Leagues from one another. The River Mijjtfftpi is the largeft of all the Rivers of Louifiana, and runs from North to South, but its Source is unknown : it is com- puted to be above 650 Leagues. It breads great Quantity of Crocodiles and other amphibious Creatures. The French have found out a more fafe and expeditious Way to the Miffiflipi River, to avoid the Danger and Difficulty of failing up that River by its principal Mouth 5 which is^ by the Lake Pontchartrain, H The S8 houtfiana. The chief Places in Louifiana are In that Tradt of Land, between the Rivers MiJ/iffipi and Mobile, and the G '*>h of Mexico } fituated thus : o Ft. Rofalie. o Ft. Mobile, or CondL o New-Orleans, o Ft. de Balife, III New-Orleans, on the River Mifliflipi, is well fortified, and the Capital City of LouiHana. Some Authors defcribe it as a very confiderable Place, and others in a fad Condition. It is the RefidenCe of the Governor, Grand Council and Courts of Judicature. The Soil about it is rich and fertile, and the Climate excellent. The French have two Forts more. North of Mobile, *iiiz. Albamdy or Touloufe^ on the River Albama ; and Tombecbe, W. of it, on the River Cbicafaw, The other Forts in Louifiana are to the Weft of Mifliflipi R. 3 one in an Ifland, formed by the R. Rouge; thofe oiAlkanfa^nd Kappa on thcR.Mif- iiflipi, in the Country of ihtAlkanfas j Ft. Orleans to the North, upon the River Mijfouri j Ft. Lul- Her, 4 Degrees more North, near the River St. Pierre j #1 Tra iii i iiiiir i i i l i w I' m, I' ll ' ■ «5 He Ifiand of New-Foundland. This Ifland is fituated to the Eaft of the Gulph of St. Lawrence. The Strait of BcUe-Ijh^ about 23 Miles broad, feparates it on the North Side from New Britain, or the Country of the Efqui- maux. Sebaftian Cabot, who was fent out by Henry VII, King of England, difcovered it in 1497, and called it the Land of Cod t becaufe of the Fifh of that Name, which are caught near its Coafls. Both the Englifli and the French have been fettled here. The former have been in PofTef- fion of it ever fince 17 13, by Virtue of the Trea- ty of Utrecht, with a Permiflion for the French, to catch and dry their Cod on the Couft, from Cape Bona'vifta Eaftward, to Cape Rich on the N. W. The original Natives of this Ifland arc Savages as well as the Canadians. All that is known of it is the Coaft, on the Banks of which they dry the Codfifli. The principal Bays in the South Part, are thofe of Trinityy Concepticn and Placentia, St. Johns Harbour to the South-Eaft is an important Poil, which the Englilh have fortified. The Great Banky or Shoal of New-Foundland, is 60 Leagues to the Eaft of the Illand of New- Foundland. It is propeily, fays Father Charle^ voix, a vaft Mountain hid under Water, and about 200 Leagues in Length. The only Reafon, of its being termed a Bank, is its Shallowntfs I of r w • 66 7%e IJle of New-Foundland. of the Water, here compared to other Parts of this Ocean, where it is extraordinary deep. It is always covered with Water from 20 to 25 Fa- thoms ; fo that Ships may ride there without Dan- ger, which diftingiiifhes this from other Banks, or Shoals. Here arc to be feen every Year 4, or 500 Sail of Ships,from almoft all the Nations of Europe, efpecially Dutch, Englifh, and French, for the Cod and Whale Fifliery. Of the former, there is fuch Abundance , that they fomctimes em- barrafs the Ships, and a flcilful Fidierman will catch 400 perhaps in a Day, tho' they ufe only Lines. It is faid, that the Bottom of the Bank is covered with Shell-Fifh, and other fmall Fift), which are the Cod's main Suftenance. TheCod- fifliing begins with April, and holds till the End of Odlober, and no longer ; for in the Winter, thofe Filhes retire from the Bank. To the South- Eaft of the Great Bank, there is a Lefs, which they call the Little Bank, \f '.i Tie arts of , It is 25 Fa- it Dan- inks, or or 500 £urope, for the there es em- lan will fe only le Bank ill Fifli, heCod- the End Winter, : South- , which 72tf 67 ^he IJland of Cape Breton , or Isle Royale. It is fituated to the North Eaft of Aca- dia , betwixt the 452. and 47 Degrees of North Lat. about 60 miles from New-Found- land, with which it forms the Entry into the Gulph of St. Lawrence. It is only feparated from Acadia by a very fmall Stmit, called Fron- faCy or Canfo. The Length of the Ifland from the North Eaft to the South Weft is not quite forty Leagues, and its greateft Breadth from Eaft to Weft, is not above twenty-five. It is of a very irregular Figure, and intcrfperfed with a great Number of Lakes and Rivers. The Fogs here are frequent and thick, and the Cold very piercing. The Soil is not very good, yet it pro- duces the NecefTaries of Life. Here are Oaks, Pines fit for Mafts, and all forts of Timber for Buildings. Here are feveral Mines abounding with excellent Coals j and as they are fituated like Mountains, there is no occafion for digging, nor for draining the Waters to come at the Coals, as in other Countries. It is faid there is no Place in the World that can furnifh greater Quantities of Cod-fifti, and where there are more Conve- niencies for drying them. The Harbours are all open to the Euft, going round to the Southward, for the Space of fifty five Leagues ; from Port Dauphin to Port Houloufey or .S/. Peter : Every- I 2 where w 68 Tie IJland of Cape Breton. where elfe, it is a difficult Matter to find any Anchoring- place for the fmalleft Veffels. All the Northern Coalt is very high, and almoft inac- ceflibk^, nor is it much eafier to land any where on the Weft Coaft. This Ifland was once one of the Dependencies of Nova- Scotia, as may be feen by the Patent of King James the Firft. Q^ Anne infifted ftrenuoufly at the Treaty of Uirecht upon its Reftitution ; neverthelefs the French hud the Policy to evade it , tho' it was afterwards in the Hands of the Englifli, It is the Ki.y of Canada ; and if the Englifli had not reftorcd it in 1748 , by the Treaty of Aix- L-Chapelle , not a French VefTel could have palTed to, or from Canada in War-Time, with- out the Hazard of being taken. The Impor- tance of it will appear much plainer to the Reader, if he will only give hiinfelf the Trouble to p. rule what Father Charlevoix lays of it in his Defcription of New France, ■ Louishurgy otherwife called the EngliJJj Har- bour ^ is its chief Place, and it is one of the beft ports in all America. The Town is fmall, but well built and well fortified ; and the Entrance of the Harbour is defended on all Sides by Bat- teries of Cannon. The Englifh attacked it in 1746, in which Expedition 40. o Land-men, the bravcft in all New England, were employed un- der the Command of 'jeneral Pepperel and Bri- gadier General IValdo. The latter made the firft Attack by Land , and tho' the Place was de- fended id any \\\ the : inac- where ce one nay be Firft. aty of ;fs the it was It is h had 3f Aix- d have ;, with- Impor- to the frouble It m ^j Har- the heft all, but Entrance bv Bat- d it in len, the yed un- nd Bri- the firfl was de* fended Tie IJlands of Sable, St. John, ^c. 69 fended by 266 Pieces of great Cannon, which made a hellifli Fire upon the Engli(h, they at- tacked it with fuch Intrepidity, that at the End of 40 Days, it furrendered. This is the Place, where four large French Ships and two Frigates retired, after the taking of the Lis and the Alcide^ and are now blocked up by Admiral Bofcawen, The Town is in no Want of frefh Water, as fome imagined, being fupplied with it by feveral Rivulets, that fall in the Bay ; but can't fay the fame of the other Necefla- ries of Life, where Plenty of them is feldom found in it ; and if the Englifh Fleet can prevent its re- ceiving of any from Canada, or Old France, Louisbourg muft inevitably furrender, before next Spring, or peri(h by Sicknefs, or Famine. The Ifland of Sable is to the South of the Ifland of Cape Breton. The French fettled on it once, but abandoned it , becaufe it has no frefh Water, no Port, or Product but Briars. St. John's Ifland, which is to the Weft of Cape Breton, is not above half as big as the lat- ter, and belongs to the French. They both de- pended formerly of Nova-Scotia, and were in- cluded in the Earl of Stirling's Charter. ^t The Ifland of Anticosti is iituated at the Mouth of the River St. Lawrence. The French have a Port here the beft in the Ifland. The ^>| '':'( I'i^ ^o He Bermudas, or Summer Islands. Thefe Iflands are fituated in North Latitude 32 T> near 300 Leagues to the Eaft of Carolina. They were firft difcovered by John Bermuda^ a Spaniard, in the Beginning of the 1 6th Century. Sir George Summer being drove hither by a Storm, the English fettled on it afterwards, and remain poirefled of it. There is a great Number of thofe Iflands, but they are for the moft part fo fmall and fo barren, that neither the Spaniards, nor the French have thought it worth their while to inhabit them. The largeft is that, where the Town of St. George is built, from which it takes Name. Its chief Product is Tobacco, very iriferior in Goodnels to that of the Continent , India Corn , excellent Fruits and Timber for building Ships and Houfes. The Air here is not lb pure as it was heretofore. Poyfonous Auimals cannot live, nor be ingen- dered in thofs Iflands. Here are Turtles of a prodigious Size. The Accefs to thefe Iflands is dan(5crous by reafon of Rocks, which have been io fatal to the Spaniards that they have given' them the Name of Devils, They are very much expcfed to Thunder and Tempeftsj but their greatefl: Inconvenience is the Want of '« '• titude 'olina. iday a ntury. by a wards, I great br the neither ight it largeft > built, \6wdi is of the and ts etofore, ingen- es of a Idands h have ;y have ley are npefts } Want of » the Bermudas y or Summer IJlands. 71 of Frefh Water, for they have neither Rivu- lets, nor Springs. They have dug Wells to fave Rain- Water, or that which is brought to them from Carolina. The King of England appoints the Governor and the Members of the Council, but the Inhabitants chufe their Reprefentatives, or Deputies of their Aflembly. F J N J S. '**■ ♦> '•* \/':- • J ' % ^, .* m \ *. i I i % ! -^ '! = *'i. ^Ki^:' rc Ef^ii/S Popjjim NH& Bcotlandy or Nova Scotia New England tf -» New ^erjey p .' ■ Penfihania »- * ^ Maryland * d * # ?.Vw France, Canada r Louijtana -^ - | Countries difputed by the French ne River Ohio - - V^he IJland of New-Foundland ^^ I/te of Cape Breton ?« Itk/^fkudas IJlands # J'n 'to n 24 ,3? 34 35 40 41 4i 49 r.VH 1» i i h ' i ' 1 so 4o\ C . Pa i s d c s P a d o 11 ; I u . y ' . . 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