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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. ita lure, : IX 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 i- ;*■■.— "-f > ^■fcr- •»'#^?. I'' J ♦ V o y A G E PACIFIC QGEAN; ]tOK MAKING DISCOVEEIES IN TH^ NORTifERK ' HElrflSPHERE, / - PBHrORMEp VNDtk THC Dl&CCTION or ^ . fcAPTAfi^S COOK, CLIRil, es* GORE, M ^;^ In the Yiars 1776. Tk 8> 9. and 80. Compiled from the various Recounts of thai P^pyags )Z ^ hitherto PuMsheM, /IN FOUR VOLUMES. VOL. L EDINBURGH! PRIKTRD BT ALEX, UanuM ANt) 09, ^0& J. FAlRBAIILNy ADAMs's S^VAtLK./ . 1805. jii^>" ^ r-;'t< I* ^**' ' '' .* V^ttcX)^ ^M ^ Si^^ ^^^ the T^^mwrniiiimt '■■■' V m I: (I T l^» %Sr v* , ■/■j mr wms ^Mimi^^FVTC^wppifpMifipM«wOTP«nipipnifiii INtROPtJdlTIOJ^. ■■^/.v'^itij^Hv. ^'< ':ii ^ i .The intimate conncctton between tbe$e voyage* ren4et!S it t cry nec^sary t«» f tate^ as shortly as pos- Mble, th^i c^efctf accompUsh^^ 1^ tb^f-prcc^dlng voyages, ind^ for thd itt«jntiiii^ of tfic (present one h^ljheen (ini^ereid*^ ^ , ^ In generail Jt may be prenii»e4> #i*t the univer* sal ob^ of aft the vojrages of^he prtaeni; reign v?attoj«^xiplore the ^^ ^ceai* wh|ch extewtda thro* ^e %hoJf j50|^^ j^^ ^f ^l the wscarch^8 jp bad hitherto been made /i^ni^ be jnstly ^^frandcred as obsciitre tradition!?, bpWvf ctions, and plausible coiA|eptures J thatlthese fytt, difl^ent :«pJr€OTnaviga^ haye ansii^e^ a i^taripuc^ppsc, i) visible JWi^hei^ |alklah4'$ Island^ in th^ j&>iith iltlantic Ocjbn Wf re b^rdy jknown to islands, ride^, soundings, and cur- rents, which are ^ very -valuable acquisition, ^^and should deter any future adventurers ^om steering thut course, cspceially when a much safer entrance INTRODUCTION* fii$y beh.id totV Pacific sOqc3m,i)y:douj^l:t^Cafe Jfom J this navigation ,. f aptain CaOk^Jm^^^ tMvn^ i^lty n^ ipcan? attended iw^iw^ dane^ |i)|»ightt«^iispeet^ frpffj tlic hfijr^sWff and «s,> t^^sse^ i»'iii«b Ansoj> and Pi^iarfo ittj|pe4 there : audi J^ frttoWy ©wing to ; %^^jf«^ <^.^^«rt obliged to ha;itrrd it* , liOi |H«/ *^^ ''P^ iiUf rrenjdcf «5d tfec a<5ce<» to the ]p^i|f ,Qc^^^^ iHifff hvii have i^ade us ac(|uauited with Jll faigrj^- ^:pai1t rfki cqtttcnts. >4» % Spamfli ^^mjgji^ had no fiitther design than ^.ftl^ a pal&ge tc>^ |^oli*«^s and «rthw spice jislsmdii tHey nevcahtt^i> fdilutiher ,w«ftt«^ai4| by dem^it^frpmtheijttaali li^pl^ ae^sidem a^nd if th^n they M in wp »a]^ island«i i)f iq«(|^ any diacoveries, little bi^id^t was delved frofia them, th^iir accounts beinj^j^ io- acfsdrite Ma safftelinies to^ceasion a ^stionit fuc^ f lic^ t](iiitj|d. iln4f!iiid»;|hj? vast iju^ntity p| tcir^ itoitjr aiinencd tp^ti^* S|?^nid|i Ci own.^aiiiji, tj|^>ip^ iioh^MealM^ver wjcoi^ ri^ndf^«d^ neimr afqum* jliaiis by iii^^^ to be coveted 3 sp that, ic;}^ce{it iWaoiiueriMafiilk and ;A<^PH^'1 pfr-T mmmm^m' mm' 'I J' fwrn^ 'Pit 4 INTRO0OCTION. ! ' i '.■ ^^ r :h , - pine could V benefited by no other. In lat^r years the enterpirising Datch have made some more cer- tain and r$ectaal researches in the southern lati- tudes of t|wi ocean. In 1642 TasmahS voyase will eyer ,be irvmembered, for th^ dispoveries he made ill iatiircttiti reaching from a high southera latitude, 80 6t north as New Gufnea. Le Maire and Schpiiien in 1 6 1 6, and Roggewein in^ ij 2 9^ crossing the south tropic, traversed this ocean nrom Capb iloni to the Ekst Indies. But even the dis- coveries they made catn only be considered as a proof he Qceah, within the south tropic^ aseenHngix endleil pr6fusi6n of habitable spots of t^nd was found. Is- lands Interspersed ^ll^tough the amazing space of eight jf degrees of longitu (e, either separately scat* teredy. ot^ grouped in numerous clusters^ and such ample accounts have we received, both of theoi -•nd their inhabitants, that, to make use of the cap^a' n^s own words, we havt left littla m&e tq j?^ done tntbyfi part. Byron^ WaAU*, and Carteret, all oontributtd to- wards inc.sasing our knowledge of the isks iii the Pacific Ocean, within the limits of the southern tro- pic •, but how far that ocean extended to the weSt, by what lands it was bounded on that side, and the conneetionV of those lands with the former disco- veries, remained unknown tlU captain Cook, aft«r his first voyage, brought back a ssftisfactory deci- sion to these questions. .' With wondeifful skill and perseverance, amidst perplexities, difBculties, and dangers, he traced this coast almost looo miles, from the 3!^^ pf south' latitude, across the tropic, to its northern extremity, withih 10^ and a half of the equinoctial^ where it joined the laud, already ex« plored by the Dutch, which they have denominat- ed New Holland. Tasman's discoveries in the last dentury are now completeci by captain Cook } suid W€ are fpUy acquainted with the circumfe^euee pf ■-.•.-.. ^^■"' ■''';. ' .:/ A^ ---'. '-;.■:,■.:■..: '•■^» imKODVCTlOU. ''■■'"' ■-*..•■■ .'.,-; ■' ■■■" f '"■"■"■■r '■"' this vast body of land, which is justly cbtriputedto^ be One Fifibof ihe Globe, Although Tasaian was the ifirst dIs^lwo large and several smaller islands, through which, by St George's Channel, is a much better ind shorter passage, whether from the eastward or westward, than round all the islands add laods to the northward. I 1.' INTRODUCTION. Byron, Wallls, and Carteret, were principally em- plyed in exploring the south Atlantic^ and knew no more q{ the south Pacific, than accidentally oc- curred in the direct tract they held : and as cap- tain Coolers main object in his first voyage was to. observe the transit of Venus at Qtahehe, his anxie- ty to be there in proper time prevented his visit- ing that part of th^ south Pacific, where the riches and mine of discovery was supposed to exist. To put an end to all conjectures ort- this matter, cap- tain Cook Was sent out With the Resolution and Ad- venture, in 177 a, on the most enlarged plan of dis-^ covery hitherto attempted, vis;, to circumnavigate the globe in high southern latitudes, and carefully to examine every corner of the south Paci^c, at once to determine, whether a southern continent existed in any accessible p^rt, of the southern herai- ^here. In attending captain Cook in this second voyage, together withhis preceding one, we have the great- est certainty to conclude, that many extensive con- tinents and islands, mentioned by former navigators, were either large fields of ice^ or existed only in. the chimerical heads of the pretended discoverers. It has been, by many, considered as 'an unanswer-' siblt' aijgument, that a southern continent is neces- p sary to preserve the due equilibrium j but. r*om the thorough knowledge of the greater part of the southernhemisphtre, of whichwe are now possessed, we may with certainty aver, that the equilibrium of the earth is maintained, although the vast tract of sea s^iled through leaves no prpportion for an equal quantity of land. ;,,, , Thus, though some preceding navigatots haveatw ■« INTROTUGTION. r iiie>ced inorc land to ths known globe, than cap- tain Cook, to htm belongs the honour ^f di^losing the extent vfif sea covering itK surface* To conclude our observations on this subject, we^shs^I Itnake free with his own words :" I had now macle the cir* cuit of th«! aouth^n Ocean in a high latitude^ and traversed it in such a manner as io leajre not the Jeast room for ther« being a continent, unless near the pplc^ and out of the reach oftiavigattdn. By twioe visiting the^ tropical sea, I had not only set-i> tied the situation of some old discoveries, but made there many new ones, and leftvlcohceivc, very lit- tle to be done in that part. Thus, I flattejc myjjelf, tliat the intention of the voyage has .in every re- spect been fully answered, the southern hemisphepe sufiiciently explored, and a final end put to the searching after a southern continent, which has at times engrossed the attention of some of the maritime powers for near two centuries past, and been a fa*^ vourite, theory amongst geographers of all nations." From the general sketch wie'have already given of the preceding voyages, it is f vident, that though the utmost accesf^ible extremities of the soifthern hemisphere bad been visited, yet our own had not j and it remained a question, how far a TM)rthern pasr* *age between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean was practicable, either by sailing westward round North America, or eastward round Asia. Could such a passage be effected, it would great** ly shorten passages to Japan, China, and the East Indies in general. But all the attempts for this pur* pose proved in effectual*. - • The principal of these attempts were made by — ist Ca^ lN>t, in 1 4961 who discovered Newfoundland ^nd the La , INTKODUCflON. Notwithstanding the insuperable bars which these different navigators had experienced, the obt^ning a northerly passage was an object so desirable, that it was determined to bring the matter to a ce^lainty, by sending out captain Cook once more, on this im- portant errand, Thus was this valuable command- er again called to expose himself to new tolls and dangers, in the service of m/i/ilirii/y although, after what he had already done, he might have enjoyed himself at home, in ease and plenty, without ?.ny imputation of slo^. - > The various operations proposed were so new and extensive, that they can be best judged of from the following Instructions) under .which he sailed^ ■'■'^^■'- . i^A -U ^^-^r^t ;■:-.. MM ■VV By the Commissioners for jpxecuting the Office of Lord High Admiral of Great Britain. and Ireland, &c. ■ 0MET mSTIOJCTIOMfbicaptmn James Cook, Commander of his Majest^s Sloop the Resolu' ■ -iion^ ' '. ' '''''^fr'^ ■■■':[' HEREAS the Earl of Sandwiph has signi- fied to us his Majesty's pleasure, that an attempt should be made to find out a northern pas- hradore coast. — ad Frobisher,m 15^,6.^—34 James and Fox, in 1 63 1. — 4th Wood, in 1676—5111 Middleton, fitted Out by government, in 1741. — 6th Captains. Smith and Moore by a private society, in 1746. — ^Lastly, Lord Mulgrave, ia 1773. Ei-''.''" ^mmm lo . INTRODWTION. sage by se% fr(»iii^the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean ; and wh^e^s we have, in putrsutinc^ thereQf^ caused his Majesty Vlloops, Resolution and Discovery^ to be fitted, ^n all irespects, proper to prodeeci upon a\vo- yuge for the purpose above mentioned) and, from the experience we have had of your abiUtities^ and good conduct in your late voyages, h^ye thought St 40 intrast yjou with - the conduct of the present intended royage, and with that view appointed you to comniand the first mentioned sloop, and directttd captain Gierke, who copimands the other, to foUoiv^ your orders for his farther proceedings : Yo0 sare nereby required and directed to . proceed with |he said two sloops directly to the Cape of y Good Hope, unless you shall judge it necessary to stop at fish deira, the Cape de Verd, or Canary Is&nds^ to take in \ Upon your arrival in the coast of New Albion, you are to put into the first convenient port to re- cruit *^bur wood and water, and procure refresh- micnts, and then to proceed northward along the coast, as far, as the latitude of'65®/oriuTther, if you are no obstructed by lands or ice^ taking care not to lose any time^in exploring rivers or inlets, or up- on any other account, until you get into the be- fore mentioned latitude of 65^, where we could wish you to arrive in the month of June next. When you get that length you are very carefully to search for, and to explore, such rivers or inlets as rnay ap- pear to be of a considerable extent, and pointing | towards liudson^s or Baffin^ Bays ^ and if > from | your ov/n observations, or from any information you I may receive' from the natives (who, there is reason to believe, are the same race of people, and speak i the samis language, of which you are furnished with a vocabulary, as the Esquimaux) there shall appearj to be a certainty, or even a probability, of a ivaten iNtRODUCTION. 13^ passage into tbe afore*inendoned bays, or either of them, you are, in such ca$ev to use your utmost en- tdeavours to pass through with one or .both of the [sloops, unless you shall be of opinion that the pas- sage may be effected with more certainty^ or with greater probability, by smaller Vessels^ iti which case you are to set up the ftame&of one or both the small vessels with which you are provided, and, when they are put together, and a;'e properly fitted, stored, lind victualled, you are to dispatch one or both of them, under the care of proper officers, with a sufficient number of petty ofBcers, men,- and boatS) in order to attempt the said passage^ i^thsuchin* structions for their rejoining yoii if they should fail, or for tl^ir further proceedmgs, if they should suc- ceed in the attempt, as you shall judge most proper. But, nevertheless, if you shall find it more eligible to pursue any other measures than those above point- ed out, in order to make a discovery of the before- mentioned passage; (if any such there be), you are at liberty, and we leave it to your discretion, to pur-. sue siKrh measures accordingly. iti case you sbnll be satisfied that there is no passage through to the above-mentioned bays, suffi-' ctent f qr the purposes of navigation, you are, at the proper season of the year, to repair to the port of St Peter and St Paul in Kamtschatka, or where- cverclse you shaU judge more proper, in order to refresh your people, and pass the winter 5 and, in the spring of the ensuing year 1778, to proceed from thence to the northward^ as far as, in your prudence, you may think proper, in further search of a northwest pa^^age, from the Pacifiq Ocean, jiiito the Atlantic Ocean, or the North Sea ^ an^d if v« W'-'J, 7^^!^I^J^^W^ ■"W""! wr^'m mm wm mn H INl'ROnUGTXON. from your own cfbsetvatlqh, or anjr infbrmfltkn you may receive, there shall appear to he a pro- bability of sueh. a passage^ you ar^ to |>|roceed as above directed : and, having discovered jmch pas- sage, or failed in the attempt, make the best of your way back to England, by such route as you m^y think best for the improvement of geography and navigation V repairing to Spithead with botk sloopi, wheire they are to remain till further orders. At wh*>tever jplaces ydu may touch in the course of your voyage, wli^re accurate observations of the natfure hereafter mentioned have not already |reen made, you are, as far as your time will allow, l[CTy carefully to observe the true situat;ion of such places, both in latitude and longitude ^ the variation of the needle y bearings of'head^lands ^height, direc- , tion, apd course of the tides and currents ^depths andsoundrigs of the sea j shoals, rocks, ^c,y and also to suryev, make charts, and take views of such . bays, harbours, and different parts of the coaSt, and to make such notations thereon as may be useful either to navigatJon or commerce. You are also carefully to observe the nature of the soil, an^ the produce thereof 5 the animals and fowls th^t in- habit or frequent it 5 the fishes that ^re to be foixnd in the rivers or upon the coast, and in what plenty 5 and, in case there are any peculiar to such places, to describe them as minutely, and to make as ac- curate drawings of themy ?s you can \ and if you find any metals, minerals, or valuable stones, or any extraneous fossils, you are to bring home specimens of each \ as also of the seeds of such tr^es, shrubs, plants, fruits, and grains, peculiar to those places, as you m»y be able to collect, and to traAsmittheii| a INTRODUCTION. to our Secretary, that pi;optr examination and ex- pertinents may ht made of them. Yoii tre like- wise to observe the genius, temper, disposition, and number of ^ tbe natives and inhabitants, where you tindany^ and to endeavour, by all proper means, to cultivate a friendship with them \ making them presents of such trinkets as you havei^on board, and they m^j^ like best f invning then^\ to traffic, «nd showing them ivcry kikj of civility and regard j but taking care^ nevertheless, notto so&x your- self ^ be surprised by them, but to be always on your guard against any i^ccidents. You arc also, virith the consent of the natives, jto take possession^ in the name of the |Cing of Great firitain, of conyenient situations in such countries ts you may discover, that have not already been discovered or visited by any other Euippean pow- er ; and to distribute among the inhabitants sUch things as ^ill remain as traces and testimonies of your having been there i but if you find the coun»- tries 80 discovered are uninhjtbited, you are to tak^ possession of them for his Majesty, by setting up proper marks aihd inscriptions, as first discoverers and posse«sor8.^^ ■ ; i But forasmuch as, in undertakings of this nature, several emergencies may arise not to be foreseen, and therefore not particularly to be provided for by initructions beforehand J*- you are, in all such cases, to proceed as you shall judge most advanta- geous to the service on which you are employed. You are, fey all opportunities, to send to our Se- cretary, fot' our4nform^tion, accounts of your pro- ceedings, and co^pies of the surveys and drawings you >hall have made ^ and upon your arrival iri ' \ r^^W ■• ,.j,| )ii"wn»> "T»V rmmifmmmm^mmif'iifmmmmm i6 DnrRonucTioN. England, you are immediately to repair tp tbis o^ fice, in order io lay bcFore us afiiU account of your proceedings ki tbe whole course of^ your, voyage; taking care, before you leave the slooi*, to demand from the officers and petty officers, |ihe log-books and joumais they may have kept, and to seal them up for our inspection ; and enjoining them, a^id the whole cj^wf,. not to divulge , where thfey have ' been, until; Ithey sh^U have permission so to do. : and you are to direct captain Clerke to do the same, with respect to the officers and crew of thetMsco- vcry.-^ ' , ^ : ■..■/." ; ; ,:r^^,,v;;:.:/;;"-:;y;; i,;- ^ If ar^y accident should bappen to thc^ RetoluliQii in the course^of the voyage,! so as . to disable her t from proceeding any further, yt)u are, hi such case, to remove yoursclt and her crew into the; |H^o^ very, ^ to pipsecute your voyage in ::hcr 5 Jier cott^aiider being hereby strictly (e^^^ire^ to ri. ceivc you^onboard, and to obeyj^r^oniers, the same, in every respect, ap^eu yt^ry^e actually ou board the Resolution ;^:Aijd in ^asc of your in- ability^ by ^ickr^ess or otherwise, to carry theSe In- structions into/ execution^ you are to be careful to leave them with, the ttej^t pfficer in command,; who is hereby required toexecute them id' the best man- ner he cad.. Given under our hands the 6th day of July 177J5. ■\' SANDWICH, G. SPENCER. M-PALLIiER. By command of their Lordships, PH. STEPHENS, INTRODUCTION. 17 Gov^emment, now keartily in earnest, neglected 10 step which inight tend to promote the object in riew. In 1745) a law had passed offeting a dona- Ition any ship belonging to his Majesty^ or any 6f his subjects, and the restriction to HiiidsonV Bay |j:ancelledy bearing, that the discoverer of r pairsage by sea^ between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean in any direction, or paraUel of the northern hemi- sphere,' should be entitled, &c. As also a rev^ard [4>f five thousand pounds, to any ship that should ap- proaqh to within i° of the North Pole. In the beginhihg of summer 1776, captain Pickersgill was appointed commander of the armed brig the", iiion, ?tnd ordered to proceed to Davis's Straits, to P<"otect the British fishers j and, in order to facilitate captain Cook^s expedition^ to procet^d up BalHn^s Bay, and rifike such charts and take such vie;vs of the several bays, harbours, 8tc. as might be useful to navigatotii, and others^ and to be careful to re- turn* in the fall of the year. Pickersgill failed in extlcutirtg his commissions, and in March foUcwing, Lieutenant Voting Was appointed tOi succeed him, •^ As the^ object of this voyage is hnmediately con- nected with that of captain Cook^ we have annexed 2^ Snmi3fiai;y of his insiructftons, ^ied March )3th ■i777v>-;^-"''> -"^ ' ' ^■■r ■. -■ ' "^.. - 'r-. «Tlitit^the Resoluticfn and Discovery had been sent out cmiier the command of eapt. Cookr to at- tenp j>t thte disc*>vej?y' of a inbrthem passa^, by »ca, from the' Pacific to the Atlantic Oceap^ and to run g5 ife| np as the 65^ of liorth latituifcy and thcrc^ ^r MP ^"■■■■iMpBiiMHHIVHIlIM i8 INTRODUCTIOH^; and as far iioftk as he judged it propel^ carefully to "^arch .for 'ittch dvers dr inlets as might appear to him pbitittng^ towards BaffinV or Hu&dii's ba^r, or thenort^ seas^ and to attempt a' ^psMage by these if poasible : so, on th? other handi ^ou, are to proceed ta BafEn's Bay^ and eaMu% to explore the western sliores thereof, and if an jtilet or river is discovered seemingly pointing towarcis the Pacific Ocean, you are to attempt navigating the same j and if not^ endeavour to return to England once this year." , . • But this expedition was of no service ; Ydung was found more ealcniated to assist in the glory of a victory than explore icy mountains. On examining these instruct1onS| it, may be ques- tioned, why Captain Cook was not directed to com- mence his search, before he arrived at 6s^ ? Why not examine Hudson's Bay, on our side of America? Why waa the western sea of John dc Fuca in lati- tude 47^and 48 «*; the Archipelago of 9t. Lai^k- rus of Admiral de Fonte from 5Q^ to 55^ 5 and the rivers and kkes to the northeastward negl^t- cd ? It may easily be shown, that th^e pretended discoveries are mere fictions, and^ that the orders, not to 1m^» his search before the 65** of north lati- tude, was fbuhdediiptm a ^thorough knowledge of the coast to the^southwaisd of tha*; point ^ Gaptain IVOiJdlcton, the commander of |he expe- dition in Hudson^s Bay, in 1741, and 1742, had en- lertaiiied a n^>tion cf the -probablSty of i^scovcring « passagevto the.Fictfie, ;iihd in seardi^ of it had proceeded i^rtlMri«t^illi than any of htis predeces- butliefoliM it utterly impr^ctfell^. Mr sors l^by^M^fer^ (up the committee directing the enterprise declar- ed rto be impracticable, upon the testimony of Mr EUrS) the commander of ^the Dobbs, and some oE hii officers } and the former has been fully explor- ed^ and tniced 470 miles up the country, to a large lake from whence it takes its rise, in two dlfFerent voyages; by ^pt. Christopher, in the sloop Church- ill, in the. yeirs I7i5i sand J762. Besidesi thjese sea voyages, the matter is much elu* |^idate4 by thfi: Journey of Mr Heame, who wa? sent omt by the Hudson^s Bay company to travel over laiMly as for as the (^p/y^^r-M^^^^^^ had been iijitich spoken of by Sir Dobbs and other faifourera of: thie s^heWt IJc^t out in December ipo,Jmn OFort Prince p|Wales> on i^^iiurchill?*. iU^r^ kt. 58^ 50/ and bis trajisac^ons are presei'f' rn-T- t^ INTRODUCTION'. ved in bis written journal. It is much to be Kishej that this journBl were publrshed, as it contains a very dismal account of the wretched situation of %}\^ miserable it)habitants of that part of the globe. His general course was to the northwest. In June J771, when at a place called Conge Catha who Chaga^ be determined, by two good observations, that this place is situated 24® lowest longitude of Church- ill River, and in 68^ 46/ north latitude. On the 13th of July he reached C(;pper-Mine River 5 and, contrary ib the idea he had been left to form of it, found it scarcely navigable for a canoe. Witlj^out entering particvilarly into the account Mr Helrne gives of this river, it is sufficient for ©ur purpose to mention, that he found it by no fneans navigibit^ for the smallest vessels, and impossible to be so. On our general charts the particular srtu^ of this river, as well as the country in genli«., thri^ugh which Mr Hearne passed, is accuraielj laid dowp. In fine, MrHearne's tr'tvelling IJOO miles before he arrived at the sea, m«kes it cliear, that the continent of North America stretches from Hudson's Bay, at least tliat distance to the northwest, while his most westerly distance from Hudson's Bay was about 600 miles \ and the In- dians who attended him as guides were convinced that there existed a vast tract of continent/ «lreich- ing on in the same direction. What ^f have now mentioned, being sufficiently known to the first Lord of the Admiralty, was a good reason for his ordering captain Cook to commence hid search in latitude ^5^*, and not more to the southward. Bpt if there are any who are s^ilL inclined to think it should have begun earlier^ we beg leave t«^ xicoti^- IKtRODUCTION, 2l lend to them a pciusal cf the Spanish voyagcsj jarticulaxly that on the coast of Amcrjc« in 1775, mblished by Mr Danc^ Barrlngton. In the gene- ral sketch vre have now given of, the present and )Teceding voyages, a pretty distinct idea may be formed of what wa« intended to be dohe, and what ras really accomplished. The benefits arising Froln them may be enumerated as follows : 1, All visionary speculators and schemers, such Us Bufibn, Campbell, and De jBrosses, will find fev/ [votaries to support their diry fanciful dreams of trea« sures, and paradises in these seas, as captain (2ook |has_sufficicntly investigated what 15, and n*hat Is [not to be found there; so, many impracticable un- Idertakings which would probably have* taken place, |wUl b6 entirely prevented. .> > . 2. But unprofitable searches will not ^6nly be I discouraged, but the distresses and inconveniencies I attending the navigation of these seas in a great I measure prevented. The exact situation of the dif- jferent islands are properly laid down, rocky shores, j perplexing currents, dangerous shoals and narrow straits accurately described ; besides many ether advantages, to enumerate which, it would be ne- fiessary to transcribe great part of the journals of our several Commanders. By thus lessening the I danger of these voyages, a scetie of commerce comes in view, that in a course of years will pro- jbabiy come to such a height as is impossible for us at present to have any conception of; nay, in our jownTiay, it is highly probable, that some speedy 1 advances will be made to form some commcccial cst^lishments in the South Pacific ; at least, if we jdo not, wc have taught the Russians and Spaniards % ' "% .«tV; • "v ^y ■■■<** • ' iJfik*/^'' • wmmmmmi^mmmm wmm mmm 2t INTROBUCaiON. some important lessons in the skin-trade, land otlier- jvisc, which they will not fail td improve. 3,1 The valuable accessions which hanian know- ledge has maderon the continued plan o( discovery ca^rricd on in the present reign, cannot fail to dis- tinguish Britain, as taking the lead in the most arr 4uous enterprises, for ^he benefit of mankind. And were no real benefit to accrue to us, either in this or a future age, as mentioned in the preceding ar- ijicle^ certainly no greater scope was eve^; given^ to tb^ dignified exercise of the powers of the human mind, particularly in- the astronomical lines* i 4. It is commonly observed, that acquisition in one Science are generally followed -by acquisitions in other branches 5 so htre, the discovery of so many new places in the globe presents ta our view fre^hl objects of science. Upon the jreport of any common saiior.xmich information may be obtained j but lyhen we consider, that in these voyages the labours of some of the most eminent m^n of the times are united, ^/e'must be satisfied that ev«j*y thing new and valuable^ throughout the wide ettent of their researches, are collected and recorded. It is necessary here to mention, that in his secdna Voy- age, captain Cook was accompanied by Sir Joseph Banks *, the obligations which (if we may use the expression) scie^nce lies under to this great man, cannot be better expressed than in the wprds of IJr Wallis, which we beg leave to transcribe. -* That bi:inch of natural knowledge, which may be cajlei nautical astronomy ^vv^l^ undoubtedly in its in<^.incy when these voyages were first undertaken* Both instruments and observers, wh^ph deserved the name, were very rare; and SQ late as INTRODDCTION. ^3 ^he year 1770, it wa^t nought necessary, in ^he appendix to Mayer* s Tobies^ publislied by the toard of Longitude, to state facts, iiq cbntfadiction the assertions of so celebrated an Astronomer- is the Abb^ de la Gaille^ that the altitude of the ^un at noon, the easiest and most simple of all pb- fervations, could not be taken with certainty to a less quantity than five, six, seven, or even eight dnutes.* But those who will give themselves the trouble to look mto xht as fronomica I observations kade in captain CockTslast voyage, willfindy that there were few, even of the petty officers, who ;ould not observe the distance of the moon from the sun, or a star, the most delicate of all observa- tions, with sufficient accuracy. It may be added. • The Abb^*s words are " Si ceuic qui prom^ttent unc Bi grande precision dans ecu 9ortes des m^thocles, avoient Ba- ngui quelque temps, iU auroient vu souveofc, que dans rob- ^rvation la plus simple de toutes^ qui ^t celle de la jbauteur lu solell a midi, deux observations, munis de bons ^uartiers le reflexion, bien rectifies, different entr'eux, ,lorsqu*ils ob- jrvent chacun a part, de j/ 6' 7/ & 8'." Mpbaner. i fSS"^ 1765. Intrdduetioftf p. ^%, ^ . ^^ -^ It must be however mentioned, in , justice to M. de la faille, that he attempted to introduce the lunar method of liscovering the Iongitude,'and proposed a plan of calculations }f the moon's distance from the sun and fixed stars; but, through the imperfection of his instriUnentSi his success was luch less than that method was capable of afiordlElg. The )ringing it into general use was reserved for Dr Maskelype }ur» Astronomer Royal. See thp preface to the TahUs for correcting the Effects of Refraction and ParaUax, publlslied by le Board of Longitude, under the direction of Dr Shephcid, *lumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philo3o*> >hy at Cambridge, in 177a. N im mmm ^p ■PH e4 INTROjl)UCTIGN, tliat the method of making and computtng ohservtt** tion$« for finding the variation of the compass, is bet- ter known, and more frequently practised by those who have been on these voyages than by most others. Nor is there, perhaps, a person, who ranks as an offieer, a.hd has been concerned in them, wjhb would not, whatever his real skill may he, feel »shan)ed to have it thought that he did not know how to observe for, and compute the time at sea j though, but a short while before these voyages were ^et on foot, such a thing was scarcely ever heard of amongst seamen j and even first-rate astronomers doubted the possibility t)f doing it with sufQf lent exactness,"* * . ::^-: • In addition to Mr Wallis's remark, it may be obser* vfd, that the proficiency of our naval officers in taking obser- vations at sea, must ultimately be attributed to the great attention paid -to this important object by the Boaijd of Lon- gitude at home : liberal rewards having been given to ma- thematicians for perfecting the lunar Tables, and facilitating I calculations ;' and to artists, for constructing more accurate instrunfents for observing, and watches better adapted to keeping time at sea. It appears, therefore, that the voyages of discovery, and the operations of the Board of Lipngitude went hand in hand ; and they must be combined, in order to form a just estimate of the extent of the plan carried into execution since his Majesty's accession, for improving astro- nomy and navigation. But, besides the eitablishment of th« Board of I^ongitude on its present footing, which has had such impc^aBt consequences, it must also ever be Acknow- ledged, th^t his present Majesty has extended his royal pap| trenage to every branch of the liberal arts arid useful science. 'The munificent present to the Royal Society for defra_y3jig| the expence of observing the Transit of Venus ;— the insti-] (Ution of the Academy ! ■ ■ ^ ■ ■' ^ . ' - ■'i/.''- inficent apartments allotted to the Royal and Antiquary So- jFcities, and to the Royal Academy, at Somerset Piac^^ ; — the I support of the Garden of Exotics at Kew, to improve which Air Mason was sent to the exti cmities of Africa : — ^the sub- i^ntial encouragement afforded to learned men, and learned works, in various departments, and particularly that afford- ed to Mr Herschell, which has enabled him to devote him-. j |»elf entirely to the improvement of astronomy ; these, and many other instances which ^ght be enumerated, would [have greatly distinguished his Majesty's, reign, even if he [had not been the patron of those successful attempts to per- Uect geography ^nd navigation by so many voyages of dis* I. been thade for inquiring jnto the deptli of tlie 5^3, its temperature, and saltnfess at different depths, and in a variety qf peaces and climates.'* ** Art extensive foundation has also been laid for improvements in magnetism, for discovering the cause and nature of the polarity of the needle, and a theory of its variations by the number an4 variety of the observations and experihients Which have been made both on the variation and dip ii^ almost all parts of the world. Experiments also have been made, in consequence of, the late v6y- ^g^s, on the effects of gravity, in difFereht and very distant places, wht6h may serve to increase our stock of natural knowledge. From the same sourcie of information we have learned, that the phaenome- ilonv U5u^lly calledi the duror^ bof*ea/ify U'^not p^^ ciiliar tb high northern latitctdes^ but belongs equal>- ly to all lander, Dr Forster and his son, and Br Sparman, T)r Forstcr has given us a spectmttn of the botanical discove- .riesdf his voyage in the Ciaraeteres GenerUm Plantarum^ &c. and much curiou^ philosophical matter is contained in his Oh*etvathns made in a Voyage round the fVerld, T)t Sparman, air ■p^ ■^ tmmm INTRODUCTION. To capuii) Cook himself we are iindebted for another ixnprGvemcnt, wt)tch was, the general health jof his crew, during his long voyages, and that may be observed particularly in every, passsge of the, preceding volumes. Another gOod effect of these voyages, and that not the least ^f them, is the op- poitunity they have afforded of studying human na- ture in various situations both interestmg and un« coiamon. However secluded from the rest oi m^n« kind any tribe may appear to be at this time, yet if any traces remain of a quondam acq^uaintance ivith any sect or race, by history or our own ob- fervatioit, there cannot be seen uncultivated nature. And in this state^ the islands contigucus (o the contieelit of Asia seem to be. But our enterpris- ing discoverer had o^ca^on to observe, in the cen- tre of the. Pacific Ocean^ tribes of fellow creatures hitheilx) unknown } their manners, €i;ist(»iis, religion, laws, their every things the production of nature and necessity. What a soil for phiksopbical in- quiry,.!;,, .: = :•.:, :■..-. ■ --.i* ' V. ■::■ J' " " 0n theotie hand, our admtr atien is raised, in obr serving their songs, their dances, their games, their processions, and on the other our detestatipn in ob- serving tfeera feed on human flesh.^ jtrl / ; . . vi The Scholar and Antiquarian cohsSder it as a valuable acquisition to discover some relique of Rc^ man or GJrecian workmanship j but how much »o, on hit return to Sweden, favoured us with a publication, in which he i^xpatiates oir the advantagies accruing fo natualr history, to astrorcniy, geography, gereral physif s, and nayiv, nation, from our Sou;h Sea Voyages. ^ C Z 2» INTRODUCTION. f^ more is liot curiosity awakened, in observing th« ingenious inventions of our newly discovered frlendd in t:b6 SnndWich Isles ? What rusty collection of antiques can vie with the valuable addition made by Cooic to Sir A$ht(>n Lever's repository ? And the expence of all his three voyages does not ex^ ceed the expence (if digging out the buried contents of Herculaneum. In a nation so far advanced in refinement as this, the contrast must be very striking, and to trace the tran^tion from biarbarism to civili-* ty truly pleasing. i The^hilosopher will find a new field of discus- «ion opened for him, in what may be termed the natural history of the human s'j^cies. For example th^ question concerning the existence of giants is now determined ^ as upon tfaejoihttestimony of By- ron, Wallis,' and Carteret, We an: assured, that the inhabitants of a district bordering on the nortb side of the straits of Magalhaens, considerably exceed the bulk of mant^ind in istature. * . ^ ■ W^ No subject can be more entertaining than to trace the various migrations of those who first peo- pled the globe. It was formerly known, that the Asiatic nation, called the Malayans, traded con- siderably in the Indies, not only on the side of Asia, but alsp on the African coast, particularly to Ma- dagascar. But we are indebted to captain Cook for the information, that ^he same nation, who «re also called Phoenicians, visited, made settlements, and founded colonies, at different islands and places, at vast distances from one another, and th^t extend- ing from the east side of Africa to the west side of INTRODUGTIOK. *9 America, a space, including above half tbe circumr fererrce of the ' globe ^ this he demons i rates, by^the surest of all pi'oofs, viz. the affinity of language^ Q)nnected with this, we shall mentioaH ver^ Im- 'portant benefit resultii)g from these disccveries, viz. the eflfectual answer we have now to give those ca- yillers against the Mosaic account of peopling the earth 5 the vicinity of the two conitnrnts of Asia and America is fully established; When the recesses of the gl6be are investigated, in order to promote general knowledge, arid not with a projipcct of enlarging private dominion ; when we trdversc the globe to visit new tribes of our fellow creatures, as friends, wishing to learn their existence^ for the express purpose of bringing them within the pale of the piRces of humanity ,>and tQ relieve their wants, by communicating to them our superior attainments y the voyages projected by his gracious Majesty George thfr Third, and car- ried into execution by captain Cook, have not, it is presumed, been entirely useless. Seme rays cf light raust have been darted on the Friendly, Society,, and Sandwicli islands, by our repeated intercourse with them* Their stock of ideas must naturally be enlarged, and new materials must have been, furnished them for the exercise of their reason by the uncommon objects we exhibited ta them. \ ' • Convinced, by comparing themselves to their English visitors,'of their extreme inferiority, they will prooably endeavour to emerge from it, and to rise nearer to a level with those, who left behind them ?p many proofs of their generosity and humanity. ' ^3 . - r-fff m-^mmmmmmm ^^jBypwppHP^ipi ^m^ ^H^H tmrn 30 INTRODUCTION. 1 The useful animals find vegetables introduced ainongst them will certainly contribute to the com- forts and enjoyments o£ life. > , « n ^ ^ 'When Great Britain was first visited by the Phop- nicianSy the inhabitants were painted savages/ much less civilised than those of Tpngataboo, or Qtaheite ; and it is not impossible but that our late voyages may, in process of time, spread the blessings of ci- vilizatioQ amongst the numerous islanders of the South Pacific Ocean, and be the means of aboUshtjig their abominable repasts, and almbstequally abomm* able sacrifices. . \ AC C OU NT ' OF ■{•.,. CAPTJJN JAMES COOK: /1, 4' '»-( INCLUDING MANY PARTICULARS NOt MENf IGN- , ED IN THE LIFE PUBLISHED, " '-, \, BY AUTHORITY. ■ ' . ■ >- ■ \ Embellished with an elegant engraving of him^ copied from the medal struck by the Roy ai Society* ^ J J Ames cook was bom at Martbn, in-Cicvc- "^ land, a village about four miles from Great Ay* - ton* in the county of York, and was chdstenedi there, as t^pears from the Parish Register, Nov. 3,^ 1728. His father, whose name was likewise jumes. Was a day-labourer to Mr Mewburn, a very respect* able fa^er, and lived in a small cottage, the walls chiefly of mud, as was generally the case at thtc time in the northern parts of the kingdom. In the year 1730, wheji our Navigator was about two. years old, his father removed with his family to Great Ay ton, and was employed ^is a hind by Thomas- Scottowe, Esq. having tjie charge of a . considerable farm in that neighbou^ood known by ! ^ nameof Airyholm. A^ the Jl^her continued long in that trust, cap-; "'- (^Ok was employed in assisting him in various mmmmm ^•^mmn AN ACCOUNT OF 3* KinA of h^sb^iidr^ suited tolus ^ears, until tnc age pf 13. At that period he was put under the care of Mr PttllcjIjF r school-master lyha- taught at Ay- ton, where he ^arnecf arithmetic^ book keeping, &c. and is said to have shown a very early genius for*fij(ure8. About January lyfj, at the age of 17, his father bound him apprentice to William Sauqderson for four years, to learn the grocery and haberdashery business, at Snaith, a populous fishings town about ten miles from Whitby j but after a year and a half's servitude, having contracted a vei^ strong propensity to the sea (owing probably to thfc rnaritime situat^oi^ of the place, and the great num- ber of ships almost constantly passing and repassing within sight, between Londqn, Shields, and Sundeil- land), Mr Saunderson was willing to indulge hitn in following the bent of his inclination^ and gave Up his indentures. While he continued at Snaith^ by Mr Saun^erson's account, he discovered naucH solidity of judgment, and was remarkably quick in accounts. Id July 1746, he Was bound apprentice to Mr; J Vlfalkcr of Whitby, for the term of three y<^irs, ^^tcb time he ^ervfed to his master's full sa- ttsfaction. He first sailed on board the ship Free- love, burthen about 450 tons, c!>^efly employed iri the coal trade from Newcastle to London. In May, 174S. Mr Walker ordered him home to assist in rigging: and fitting for sea a fine new shipj named Tnc Three Brothers, about6oo tons burden. This was dcsignibd as a favour to him, as it would great- ly contribute^ to his knowledge in feis business. In this vessel he sailed from Whitby in the iatter end of June. ' After two coal voyages the Hii was ta-' cn into thid service of frdVctnmcnt, aa^senl^t mi CAPTAIN ■: m^ mmimm mmnin wmm AN ACCOUNT OF ■1 2*"*. n-v 34 August 1758, when He received from liim a ktter, dated Pembroke, before Louisburgh, July 30, 1 75?, In whictelie ^ave a distinct account of onr snccesj} in that Expedition, but does not say wl^iat station he then fiHc^d. • HrWceeived a^^mmission as IJeu^gnt, on thq €rst day of Aprfri 7 66 J— and ^^^^BJIh^^ H^^^ ^ spi^citnen of those abilities which r^|plneiided hirq to the commands which he executfil so higWy to kis credit, t^this name will go^dowh to posterity ^s on6 of tflf'most skilful navi^tors which this iBountry hatft produced. \ - ^ In the year 176 5, he wa^ with Sir William Bur- llaby on the Jamaica station j and that officer hav- ; in^ occasion^ t^ send dispatcihes tathe Governor^bf Jucatan, relsktive to the Iiogwbod-cutters in the bay of Hoiidutasillieutenant Cook was -selected £qv that "iraployifnent j and he performed it in a man<^ ncr which entitled him to the approbation of the adtiitsll, ,A risL^tion . under the t i t le of f* Reraarks oiif a^ajsaglt* from th*. nvcr Balisc ift Ae: bjBt'lbf Hondurafcf jt^^ of the |>r0^i^i^of Jucati^^i^e Spinish West-Indies, by To if pei^ct^oivi^^e ofeBlltbedjt^rbclo'hg- »ng ^ a ip^l^^Mr Co^k had ad^ed S great skil^ k asttditt^^^ Jn th| yesfe 17^7, the Royal socj«* "tgr W^plyi^, that^it wouM bfe propter to send persons' li^ i^if^^rt ibf the South Seas, to observe tlieiran^ .rft^fjJle planet Venus ^jri^J^t^^ Sun's disk 5 and ^y ^femorial delivered , to l^mM re- co^mei^ed the islands of Ma^uesas de Iv^endoza, jpr iiiosl of Rptterdam cr Amsterdam, as the pro •«ji%; .'A «p ."■("l CAPTAIN COOK. \-ry- f ;»«♦•. ,A 35 periest place then known for making such observa- tion. To this memorial a favourable answer U'as returned, and the Endeavour, a ship built fof. the coal-trade, was put in coriimission, and the command of her given to lieutenant Cook. But before the vessel was ready to sail, captaip Wallis returned from his voyage, and poitited out Otaheite as a place more proper for the purpose of the expedition than eithet of those mentioned by the R^tiyal Soci-' ety. This alteration was approved of, and onr navigator was appointed by that learned body, with Mr Charles Green, to observe the transit. - • On this occasion lieutenant Cook was promoted to be captain, and his commission bore date 'the 25th of May 1768. He immediately hoisted the pendant,. and took command of the ship, in which he sailed down the river on the 30th of July. In this voyage he was accompanied by Joseph Banks, Esq, since Sir Joseph, and Dr Solander. On the 13th of Qctober he arrived at Rio de J meiro, and on the 13th of April 1769, catne to Otaheite, v;herc the transit of Venus was observed in different parts of the island. He staid there until the 13th ot July, after which he went in search of several islands, which he discovered. He then proceeded to New Zealand, and or. the lOth of October, 1770, arriv- ed at Batavia, ivith a vessel almost worn out, and the criew much fatigued, and vjcry sickly. The re- pairs of the ship obliged hfm to continue at thig unhealthy place until the 27 of December, in which' time he lost many of his seamen and passengers^ and more in the passage to the Cape of Gooceeded into the South Seas, and made many other discoveries, and return- ed to the Cape of Good Hope on the 21st of March, 1774, and from thence to flngbnd, on the 14th of Jul having, during threevyears and eighteen days ^ ! iuic\f time the voyage was performed), lost but on e ^ man, by sickness, in captain Cook^s ship^ although he had navigated throughout all the cli- mates from 52^ north, to 71^ south, with a com- pany of an hundred and eighteen men. ^ r* .* «i**ft The relation of this voyage was given to tlie public by captain Cook biaiself, and by Mr George Forster, son of Dr Forster, who had betn appointed by Governmeiit to accompany him for the purpose of inaking H'^rirvations on such natural productions as might • ;nd in the course of the navigation. That pus,> ^ -f*. by captain Gook has generally been ascribed tc a gentleman of great eminence in the literary world ; but if the testimony of Oitt j- who wason board t' ^ "^'lip, and who made an extract *■ This was a consumption terminating in a dropsy Mr Pattern, 5?virgeon of the Resolution, observed thvt Us man began S' ■"■. "!/ to complain of a cough and other consump- tive sym>.. IS, which had never left him, that his lung% nmst haye been affected before he came on board. f Mr Hodges, .1 VOL. I. V^ Ji }..: 3l AN ACCOUNT OK \ t. .'.iW ■fVi ■■-.»,. -,#' v^r^i^ > ; Vv:#mifeiii#>::^- from the Journal in its rude uncorrected state, may be relied on, there seems no reason to ascribe the merit of the work to any other person than he whose name it' goes under. . The want o£ success /^hich attended captain Cook's attempt to discover il southetn continent, did not discourage anbther plan betiYg resolved on, which had beenj recommended some time before. " This was no, other than finding but a northwest passagey which the fancy ■ o£ some chimerical pro*- . jectors had conteiv i to be a practicable, scheme* lirhB; dangers which lavigator had twice bra4 ycd* and escaped fron*, wouild have exempted him ft'om being solicited a third t^me to venture his person in unknown countries, amongst desert islands^ inhospitable climates, and in the midst of savages ^ but, on his opinion being asked concernin^j the per- son who would be the most proper to execute this design, he once more relinquished the quiets and comforts of domestic life, to engage in scenes of tur^ bulence and confusion, of difRculty and danger. His intrepid spirit and inquisitive mind induced him again to offer his services j and they v. ere accepted Without hesitation. The manner in which he had *. deported himself on former occasions left no room to siq)pos^ a fitter man could, be selected. He pre- pared for his departure with the utmost alacrity, and actually sailed in the month of July 1776. * V 'A few months after liis departure from England, notwithstanding he ivas then abiefnt, the Royal So- ciety voted him Sir Godfrey Copley's Gold Medal, as a reward for the account which he transjnitted to that body, of the method taken to preserve the health of the crew of his ship j and Sir John Prin- ■ It ' > ;i; ■i.')^:fti;''' i:i'W;Ji.a* '^'ti^- •V', CAPTAIN COOK. V^'v 39 gl^; in'irr wation pronoonced on the 30tli of No* vembwr, observed *'how meritorious that person ma^t appeir, who had not only made the most ex« tensive, but the most instractlvc voyages ^ who had not only discovered^, bu^ surveyed rait tracts df new. co»sts ; vvrh9 htid dispelled the illusion of a terra ftus&aiis incognita^ and fixed the bounds of th^ ha-* bitable earth, as well as those of the navigable ocean in the southern hemisphere % hot th.it, however ato- pic a field for praisie me^e circuknstances would afro ford, it was a nobler motive that had prompted the Society to notice captain Cook in the honourable manner which had occasioned his then address.'^ After descanting oti the mearns used: on the voyage ti| preserve the lives of the sailors, he concluded his discourse in these terms « <* Allow mie then, Gen<; tlemen, to deliver this Medal, with his unperishing name, engraven upon it, into the hands of one whp will be aapi7 to deceive tha^ ttust, a^d to hear that this respectable body never more cordiaUy, liot^ more meritoriously^ bestowed that faith&l symbol of their esteem and affection. For if Homede*^ creed the Civic Crown to him who saved the life of a single citizen, what wreaths are due to that man^ who, having himself saved many, perpetuates in your Transactions the means by which Britain may now, on the most distant voyages, save numbers of her intrepid ions, her Mariners ; who, braving every danger, have so liberally contributed to the fame, to the dpulence, and to the maritime empire of their country ?" It will give pain to every sensible mind to re*^ Hect, that this honourable testimony to the merit our gallant jcommander never came to his know- -,o.»i '.») ' •V-ij 1 '■fe! •■M'-- V'.^-«' '.^..f.:- ! kc&.'i ' 4P J^M ^' AN ACCOUNT, & -■■*£'■ ,-''4* ■ ■ "i "^-=^<^X:r. >i„' kd^e. While his friends were waiting with thd ; mast earnest solicitude for tidings concerning him^ ; und the whole nation expressed an anxious impati- ence to be informed, of his success, advice was re- ceived from captain Gierke*, in a letter dated at , K^mtschetka, the 8th day of June I779 j advising that captain Cook was killed on the 14th of Febru- ary 1779. ; Captain Cook was a married nian, andleft several children behind him. On each of these his Majesty has settled a pension of 2^}* per arinum^ and 200I. per annum on his widow. It is remark^ able, if true as reported, that captain Cook was : godfather to hi» wife ^ and at the very time she was christened^ declai«d that he had determined on the union which afterwards took place between <^i .7* Captain Clerke went a mids^pm^ui with Captain.Cook l|i his f^rst voyage, and wit5 appoirited by hint a lieutenant on the death of Mr Hicks, >vho died ahout three v^eeks be- fore the ship arrived in England. '^?'u u^j.mn *i^ ^#r'«. !--s4l -^j.. -.4 yj^j ;^l^i -i ^i ' :iiff ^it'^xsnii :^i-^ ' •*-? .;*c( 'nd bt '^'u.^b'-m-M 't'^'^ > ;\r' ■J -V t rtV^ J n ■t.^ ;^;<-»-r fjri' T' •■■Cjl 1 : • '.■" VI., -*,:'-,^/,4-.Y''':''. ;W iT'; I'nt ■» . ■ . ' ''\ . - . . . ;>'*)tj4H, « ■ ' ■ - " ^ TO THE MEMORY OF ..k',f ' ■'■?,•'■ - ' " . ■ ■ I ' '■ CAPTAIN JAMES COOK, ' vim 4: ' ;'l»''.r. ■ ■IF.- THE ABL£ST AKD MOST IlENOWKED NAVIGATOR THIS OR ANY OTHKK COUNTRY |^^j-c^|^^ EVER PROSUCEJD* ■. :}4i:i;lK-j^# " > J v't^ts HE raised himself^ solely by his merit, from a^ very obscure birth, to the rank of Post-Captain in the royal navy, and was unfortunately killed by tht| Savages of the island Owhyhee on the 14th of Feb'*^?^ ruary 1779 ? which island he had not long before discovered* when prosecuting his third voyage; ■ round the globe, ■ ■ . . ■^^^^*'-:*^~' •> ■■■■-^ - ^--':; "•^^:-''-i^^ ^^ He possessed, in an eminent degree, allthequali* ^ cations requisite for his profession and great under* takings^ together with the aiaouable and; wouh/ quauties of the best men. ^' * r ^ - "^ % :. - Cool and deliberate in judging : sagacious in de-* ' termlning : active in executing : steady and perr severing, in enterprising from vigilance arid unrc-* ' mitting caution : unsubdued by labour, difficulties and disappointments : fertile in expedients : never wanting presence of mind : always possessing him-, jself, and the full use of a sound understanding. ;^!j| Mild, just^ but ^act in discipline : he was a fa ■■,*■■.,-',>" 9$ -'f" 4» V ,'■*" .» ^'■^ TO THE MEMORY OF ^. ^:v?'>!?,. ':./'t!<^- ■■-■■■r ■|'." ■*•■>'' ther to his people, who wierc attached to him fiOJW affection, and obedient from confidence. j;. His knowledge, his experience, his sagacity, ren- dered him HO entirely master of his subject, that ihiki greatest obstacles were surmounted, and the mo«t dangerous navigations became easy, and almost safe^ under his direction. -> > , He explored the southern hemisphere to a much higher latitude than had ever been reached, and with fewer accidents than frequently befal those who navigate the coasts of this island. . , .v »' ;a^; < By his benevolent and unabating attentvon'tb the welfare of his ship's company he discovered and introduced a system for the preservation of the health of seamen in long voyages, which has pro- ved wonderfully efficacious: form his second voyage round the world, which continued upwards of thi;ee years, he lost only one man by distemper, of one hundred and eighteen, of which his company con- sisted. ;''':3^";:7-g:v'i;{{^f4^^'-^-;|- The death of this einihent and valuable man was a: loss to mankind in general j and particularly to be deplored by every nation that respects liseful ac- complishments, that honours science, and loves the benevolent and amiable afFectiops of. the he^rt. . It is stillmore to be deplored by this country, which may justly boast of having produced a man hither- to .inequalled for nautical talents; and that sor- row is further aggravated by the reflection, that his country was deprived of this ornament by the eri- mity of a people, from whom, indeed, it might have been dreaded, but from whom it was not deserved^ For, actuated always by the inost attentiv^e c»ie and , tender compassion for the savages in general, this \h '■*<• --f' /V^; s , ;>.;>4- CAPTAIN JAMES COOK. \ ' 43 > ' '''"■ ' . ' u* ' • ' f xcellent man was ever assiduously cii van 44 TO THE MEMORY, &C. 4 :• V- '(^ and lie will be revered, while there remains a page of his own modest account of his voyages, and as long as mariners and geographers shall be instruct- ed by his new map of the Southern Hemisphere^ to trace the various courses and discoveries he has made. . If public services merit public acknowledge ments ; if the man who adorned and raised tne fame of his country is deserving of honours, then Captain Cook deserves to have a monument raised to his memory, by a generous and grateful na* I tion: ^ f Viftutis vberrimum ^limentum est bonos» Val. Maximus, Lib. ii. Cap. 6^ -^ . . ( ■^r^^ fn, '.,'-. . * i ■ -1' ' ■^^^yi^: . ■ ■ ti ■ ■ 1 ':iNm.. > l-, \k.-.;- -„.A-»;f_ .'.ti 'y .s •*iVi- .aI «i^.iiV' -.u^ ••■<'* t^ ' • VOYAGE .i TO THE i^:V-' PACIFIC OCEAN. •■j--''litfy^'i"ij — 11—1—1 'I 'iivi ,, '. ^, :^,#|M' BOOK I. "" ■" ■ ;i| .i^rjR3?Vi^it J^. Captsiitis Cook add Clerks appointed to the Reiolation and Discovery — Prepar^tione frCQ.uiitry» &£.^Depart|u:e from New-Zealand, ^/s^j^k.. u:;ii^i4ti liMi^ih^^t^i^-^ U. ^x-k^ ■ ■ ■ ;'f^---'"**M4 ■ ^^'^r'^^w ,i^>k -VS: v.^sf-Z/.-^/n'- "r*#^^-^'' ON the lOtb of February" 1776, captain Cook went on board his Majesty's sloop the Reso- lution, and hoisted the pendant, having received a commission to command her the preceding day. ' : 'ri *-- ■ '-;-.'''-y 46 A VOYAGE TO THE ';! I.. - '#^ I'he Discovery, of three hundred tons, was, at the same time, prepared for the service, and captain Gierke appointed tp the command of her. It may he necessary to observe, that captain Gierke had been captain Gook^s second Lieutenant on board the Resolution, ip his second voyage round the world. These two ships were then equipping in the dock at Dcptfordj for a voyage to mzkt f^rth^r discove- ries in the Pacific Ocean, under the direction of captain Cook, , ,, The Resolution was hauled into the river on \ the 9th of March to complete her rigging, and take in stores and provision^ fcfe the Voyage; Both ships, indeed, were abundantly supplied with every thing requisite for a voyage of siich duration. We sail* ed on the 29th of IV^ay, and arrived the next day at Long Reach, where our powdec and shot, and other ordnance stores, W^re rec^vled.' ** / On the 8th of June^, wWlfe wc lay in Lofig Reach, we had t]be satisfaction of a visit from the Earl of Sandwich, Sir Hugh Palliser, and others of the Board of Admiralty, to examine whether^ very thing had been completed pursuant to their orders, and to the convenience of those who were to em- bark. They honoured captain Goook with their company to dinner on that day ) and were saluted oh their coining on board, and oti their going ashore with seventeen guns and three cheers. I ' To convfy some permanent benefit to the inhabi- tants of Otaheite, and of the other islands which w*e might happen to visit, his Majesty commanded fiome .usefiil zn'ms^h tp. be t^kcn out. Oh the 10th '■■-:'.■■• r'|.^^ .u;-- -'"v?v-^'- ■ ■,■. . .,■•:•, ,^ ■i-\ •'.• iw: I'ACIFIC OCEAN. 4 A *. 47 . >' * *se took on board a bull, two cows with their calves, and some.shetp^ with hay and corn for their sup* '^ port. We were also furnished with a sufKcient quantity of our valuable European garden seeds, which might 2(6i\ fresh supplies of food to the vegetable productions of our newly discovered islands. ■ -^T^t" *!'"A'\ Both the ships, by order of the board of Admi^ , ralty, vitxt amply supplied with an extensive assort•^ ment of iron look and trinkets, to facilitate a friend*-' ly commerce and intercourse with the inhabitantr) of such new countries as we might discover. With respect to our ow» wants, nothing was refused us- that mightM conducive, Xq li^alth, co(n|oxt, or con- venience. r'^ose at the head of the naval department wcrc eqi ^ solicitous to render our voyage of public uti- lity 5 accordingly we received on board, the next day, variety of astronomical and nautical instru- ments, which the Board of Longitude intrusted to captain Cook and Mr King, his second Lieutenant ^ they having engaged to supply the place of a pro- fessed obscrvator. The Board, likewise, put into their possession the time>keeper, which captain Cook had carried out in his last voyage, a'»d 'which had periurraed so well. It was constructed by Mr Ken- dal, and \V3S a copy of Mr Harrison's. Another time-keeper, and the 8an\e assortment of astronomi- cal and other instrumentts, were put on board the Discovery, for the use of Mr .JWilliam Bailey, a di- ligent and skilful observatory who was engaged to embark \^itli captaia Clerkc.^; --;. ..,-^::ijf^:k?a^:\±-Mii Mr Anderson, Surgeon to captain Cook^ added 4 ;^ * » T^ mm Ml ■v\ 48 .'■^ -ft A VOYAGE TO THE '■»* V-' to bis professional abilities a great proficiency in na^ tural bistory. He bad already visited the South- Sea Islands ill the same ship, and enabled the. bap- tain to en^-ich his relation of the preceding voyage with remarks of use and value. Tho' several young men, among the sea-oflicerSy were capable of being employed in constructing charts, drawing plans, and taking views of the coast anl bead-lands, Mr Webber was engaged to embark with captain Cook, for the purpose of supplying the defects- of written accounts, by tak- ing accurate and masterly dtawilngs -of the most tntT\ luorable scenes of our transactions.*^ **^'' ** The necessary preparations being completed, cap- tain C«ok received orders to proceed to Plymouth, and to takfe the Discovery under his command. In consequence of which, he ordered captain Gierke to carry his ship also round to Plymouth, The Resolution, with the Discovery ir company^ sailed from Long Reach on the 15th of June, and ancF.^red at the Nore the same evening. The Dis- covery proceeded the next day in obedience torap- tain Cook's order, and the Resolution remained at the Nore till captain Cook, who was then in Lon- dpn, should join her.^ -v »* ; ;,; ^ ^ It being our intention to toiicti at Otaheite aiid the Society Islands, it had been determ'ned to carry Omai hack to his native country ; accord- ingly captain Cook and he set out from London early on the 24th, and reached Chatham between ten and eleven o'clock, where they dined with com- missioner Proby, who afterwards ordered his yacht to convey them to Shccrness, where the captain's j; ■■'■.v. ; A - MM PACIFIC CCEANi t'. 49 M' boat was waiting to take th^m on board iheReso- i Though Omai left London with some degree of ^w regret, when he reflected upon thc| favours and in- V duigences he had .received, yet when mention wa$ made of.his own islands, his eyes sparkled with joy. 5 ■,^; ^ He entertained vhc highest ideas of this ctxun try and :>v^ its inhabitants ; bat the pleasing prospect of return- . ^ ing home, loaded with what would t:»c deemed ir.i. ^"\ valuable treasures there, and of obtaining a distin« - : guished superiority among his country mer^operat- cd so fir 2S to supjpress every uneasy sensation j and .^Ji when he gor(»n,|^5^4 jt^ ,4^ to be -W quite happy. V' t^^':^::.^,W'-■'^'...''^' ■'^^'--.h ^>f .^^-xlf:- - > ^ ...^ ^, Omniwas furnished, by Ills Majesty^ with quan*- 'J */" titles of e; very article that wc;re supposed \o be in" -^ estimation at Otaheite,. He also . received several presentstrom Lord Sandwich, Mr Banks^, and many others. Fvery niCthod had ii^»decd beer) employe^ f ; during hi^ aix>de in England, and at his departure, to make hir* the instrument of conveying to his countrymen, an exalted opinion of British greatness ^nd generosity. ,^,,,^ ^ . - .^^^ ^ v. . About noon oh th'c 25tH we weighed ^nchpr, and pnade sail for the Downs, with a gentle breeze at liorthwest by west. At nine the same day we an- chored, with the North Foreland bearing south ' y east, and Margate Point southwest by south. >* ^^ On the 26th, at two o^clock we weighed, an stood round the Foreland^ and at eight oVlock the same morning anchored in the Downs. Here cap- tain Cook received two boats en board, which had l^een built for him at Deal ^ and the next day, at 5° V-'-^C"^ 'i*'>>.''"^ A VOYAGE Td THE .jfe-^^/ ->?. •»>;*•'■<■ Xi two o'clock in the afternoon, we got under sail. But the breeze soon died away and we anchored again. At ten o'clock the same night we weighed agsint and proceeded down the channel. * /^ ^p' ^ We anchored at Plymouth Sound on the 30th, at three o'clock in the afternoon. The Discovery had arrived there three days before. We saluted Admiral Amherst, whose flag was flying oh board the Ocean, and he returned the ^pmpli* - We were employed on the 1st and 2d of July in replacing the water and provisions we had expend* ed« and in receiving on board a supply of port wine. On the 8th captain Cook received his instructions for the voyage, and an order to proceed to the Cape of Good Hope with the Resolution ^ with directions also to leave an order for captain Clerke to follow hin^3» as soon as he should join his ship, he being at that time in London. , , ■,,■ , \^ The ofRcers and metii W' '%d»d the Ites^^ (including marines) were one hundred and twelve^ ancT those on board the P'5cc ;ery were eighty, /^On the loth of July the proper persons came on board, and paid the ofBcers and crew up to the 30th of last month. The petty officers and seamen received also two months wages in advance. Such indulgence to the latter is customary ; but the pay« ment of what was due to the superior officers, was, in consideration of our peculiar situation, to enable us to defray the expence of furnishing ourselves with necessaries for a voyage of such uncommon dura-* tion. -•^M*ii^'f'^ka^.,^%:i;%^i^^ ^-^-v ^' In the morning ef the iith, captain Cook deli- vered into the hands of Mr 3urney| First Lieute* //• y. ■.■:s.f •"I ,. - \ v-mr^ -::h' .-PACIFIC OCEAN. sK ''■^,1'-. nant of the l)i8coveiy» captain Qlerke^s sailing or-* den I i copy of which he also hit with the com<- nianding ofie^r of hi^ jVIaje»ty^s ships tt Plymouth, to he delivered to the captain on his arrival. In the aft^rnooQ i^e weighed with the ehb, and got : outhe^ond all the shipping in the sound, where ^ we were detained most of the following day. At eight oVlock in the evenings we weighed again and stood oust of ihe Soundy with a gentle brets&eat northwest by west. Soon after we came out of Plymouth Sound, the wind came more westerly, and blew fresh, which obliged tts to ply down the channel ^ and we were n€)t off the hhixd till the 14th at eight in the even- ^ On the 16th tt nboni the Iight*house of St Ag« ' nes, on the isles of Scilly» bore northwest by west^ * distant about seven or eight miles y and on the 17th and i8th, we were off Ushant. #^^^i« >hv u***- On the 19th we s^od westward till eight oVIocfc in the moming,^ when the wind shifted, and ve tacked and stretched tb tht southward : here we beheld nine sail of Itege ships, which we supposed to be French men of war. On the 22d, at ten in the momihgf we saw Cape Ortegal about four leagues distant^ y Hi.iM^ .. »iv /•j^irw*"-.. ■ i" ■ \m:'^i»'f.. We had calm weather on the 2 2d and 23d, and on the afternoon of the 24tli, we passed Cape Finis- terre, with a fine gale at north northeast* Captain Cook determined to touch at Tenerlffe, to get a supply of hay and com for the subsistence of his animals on board, as well as the usual refreshments for ourselves. We saw Teneriffe on the 31st of July, at four in the afternoon ^ and at day -light on ' E 2 fM.- 52 A VO^AfeEtO^riE ■ vi the first of August, wfe sailed round (^ee&st point of that islahd, and anchored on 'the south side, iii the road of S<»tita Cni2, about eight oVlocfej in 25 fathoms water.- • ■ — - mi^^am-:^ i^: jloThere were riding in thitroad^ a Fi^nch frigate, liwo French brigannnes, an £nglish Brigantine, and fourteen sail df "Spanish ships. ^mhMihiii^hy^*m-^' «i Immediately after wfe h^d artchored, we received a visit irom the master of the port, who asked the ship's name. Upon his retiring, captain Cook sent an officer ashore, to present his respects to the Go- , Ivernor, ^nd ask his permission to take in water, and 1 : Jto purchase such articles as were thought nedessary, • Tlie Governor very politely complied with captain Cook's request, and sent an officer on board to r' compliment him on his arrival. In the afternoon .captain Cook waited upon him^ ^c;:6mpanied by I some of his officers 1 and before he returned to hit i'f'lhip, bespoke some corn and straw. Ordered a quan> xity of wine, and mad^^an agreement for a -supply ,.;;of water, y-w^.^'t^^s ;■ •=■ >■: ;i- . i; • ,*- '^i^ ■i- fr^vsi..".;-.:* ;->>.»> l; o,#r'The rbad of J&tita: Criiz U jStttitirtJn yi« souih* east side of the island, liefore tHe^ town of the same name. It is said to be the pHricipal road of Tene- t'lEt for shelter, capacity, and the goodness of its bottom. The water to supply the shpping, and for the use of the inhabitants ^f Santa Crux, is de- rived from a rivulet that runs from the hills, which is conveyed into the town in wooden troughs. As * these trodgHs were at this time repaipng, fresh wa- ter! was extremely scarcei^ff-'si^^oa i?W}< vf^si^iii?/^^^ . i;i:From the appearance* of the country about F m- ta Cruap^ it might nattu:ally be concluded that Il^xk- m ■fogiJ»i'54£is,3^ ^{^.iife i._0^ii>$x§. t 5*'- Wi. I:- $ ,m /♦ *«?*. ^ti l»ACiFIC OCEAN. § fi , ••i"-* :\:-**-V-, 1 rifFe Is a barren spot j we were convinced, howevtr,| from t.he ample supplies we received, that it not on^ l^pfodueed suiBcient to supply its own inhabitants^ but also enough to spare for visitors. Though win^v is the chief produce of this island ^ beef may be had* at about threepence sterling a pound *, the oxen ^4 however, are small, lean, and boney. Sheep, goats^^ hogs, and poultry, may be had on terms equally rea. son able. A great variety of &uits are to be had .^n>- plenty, as pears, figs^ grapes, mulberries, musk me**^ Ions, &c. beddes others that were not then in sea«»/ son. The pumkifis, potatoes^ and onions whichr grow here^^r6 excellent. V ? v^,.^ Indian corn is produced dn this island, and is sold at about three shillings and sixpence per bun shel : the fruits and vegetables are, in general, very*) cheap. Though the inhabitants are but indifFerent«e^ ly supplied with fish by the adjoining seas, they are engaged in a considerable fishery on the coast of Barbaryi and the produce of it sells at a very mo««^ derate pnceJ :*^^ti> lyi^jv,: ^.:#^'->'*M' . ". t^'i-^^M.^'^'^^^^^^^ ' TencrifFe is certainly a more eligible place than Madeira, for ships to touch at which are bound on long voyages y but the wine of the latter is infinite- ly superior to that of the former : the difference of their prices is almost as consfckrable as their quali^ ties, for the best TenerifFe wine was sold for twelve pounds a pipe, whereas a pipe of the best Madeira was worth considerably more than double, that sum. ./■.;,^i/--...,y^ -;;■'... 4 V. •...■■-■.,,.;;...; ., ...A, :■ v.i,,^' Behind the town of Santa Cruz, the country rises gradually to a moderate height j ai^erwards it con- tinues to rise southwest-ward towards the cele- brated pic of Tencriffe. But we were much disap- ¥~ ■■■,.^%--fe J£3 mmm. 'mm 54 A VdlrAGE TO THE <>i/^^- pointed in our expectations with respect to its ap- pearance. * The island, eastward of Santa Crut, appears per-^ fcctly barren. Ridges of high hills run towards the sea, between whilih arc dccji vallies, terminating at mountains that run across and are higher than the former, ' On the ist of August in the afternoon, Mr An- derson) Q^^lfLin Co^^i surgeon) went on shore to one of these vaUies, Intendfni^ to teach the top of the remoter hills, but tinse would not permit \\\m to get farther than their foot. The lower hills pro- duce great quantities of the euffbothia canariensis. The people on the spot iitaa^ine its juice to be so caustic as to erode thc^ ^kin ; but Mr Anderson convinced thentt to the contrary, by thrusting his finger into a plant full of it.^ * The inhabitants dry the bushes of the ^ir^^r^iW,dnd carry them home for fuel. Santa Cruz, though not 1 !rge,Js a well built city.. Their churches haVe not a magnificent appearance without, but they are decent and toler- ably handsome within. Almost facing the stone pier, which runs into the' sea from the town, is a marble column, lately erected, enriched with human figures which reflect honour on the statuary. ' ' *On the 4d of Au mist, in the afternoon, Mr An- derson and three othtrs hired" mules to ride to the I- '■::%m'W^i^ .;^«|'ijV'i. 1 • In Sparto*8 History of the Royal S^ociety, page aoo. &c* i» an account of a journey to the top of the pic of TenerjfFe. A nioderri traveller^ viz. the Chevalier de Borda, 'vvho mea- sured tfhe hetgki oif thit mountain in Augusl. ^77^} m^kes it ' ja340 English fcet^-t^ >, , , r^mmt. Pacific ocean. 5^ city of Laguna, aboiit the distance of four miles' from Santa Cruz, T***y a^r^ved there between five and m iti the evening, but the dight of it dtd not reward us for our trouble, as the road^ were very bad^ and our cmle but indifferent. Though the place is extensive, it hardly deserves to be dig- niiied with the name of a city. There are $otne good houset, but the disposition of the streets is very ir- regular. Laguna is larger than Santa Cruz, but much infeirior to it in appearance. The road from Santa Cruz to Laguita, rurts up a steep barren hill y bat, lower down, we saw some fig-trees and corn-fields., The com^ however, is not produeld here without great labour, the ground being greatly encumbered with stones. Nothing else presented itself, deserving notice^ except a few aloe plants in flower on the side df the road. vufThif laborious work in this island is chiefly per- formed by mule■- . >>»- sf> A VOYAGE TO THE .The same gentleman mentioned to Mr Axidtttcn another botanical curioftity, which is called the fiviw pregnated^ lemon. It is a distinct and perfccfi lemon inclosed within another. ^ ^ ^ A certain sort of grape growing herci is deemed an excellent remedy in phthisical complaints. The air and climate are remarkably healthful^ and par* ticular)y adapted to afford relief in such compkiint0« By residing at different heights m the iilandt it it in the power of any one to procure such n temper- ature of air as m^ be best suited to his cons^ttttiein* He may continue where it is mild and salubriovs^ or he may ascend till the cold becomes intolerable* No person, it is said, can live icomfiMtabl}^ witbsn « mile of the |>erpendicular height of the pi^, aftei the month of August. Smoke continually issues from near the top of the pic, 'but they have had no earthquake or eruption since ,1704,^ when the port of Garrachica was destroyed, being BUed ttpr« by the rivers of burning lava that flowed into it^; and' houses are now built where ships formerly lajr at anchor. The trade of Teneriffe is vtry considerable^ for- ty thousand pipes of wine being anually made there v^ which is consumed in the island, or made into bran/ dy, and sent to the Spanish West-Indies. Indeed the wine is the only cohsidei^able article of the i^*\ reign coro'merce of Tencrffe, unless we reckon the large quantities of filtering stones brought \ fson^ Grand Canary. '. ■ ^^k^^'^^-.- -,'.-■ The race of inhabitants found here when< the Spaniards discovered the Canaries, are no longer a flistinct people, having intermarried with the &fian«- l§h .sc^)eir& J tbei$ descendants, boweyer, imiy 1?i^ 1 Pacific OCEAN. ---'i . r^. - 37 known, from their being remarkably tall, strong, and laVgfe-bdned. The men are tawny,' and the \ivomen are pale. The inhabitiirts, in generaU of TenerJfFe, a#e deeent, grave, and civil; Vetainmg that^sokmin tarst which^i^tinguishes those of their (^ntry^ frdm others. • Though Wj^'ari not of opW" ttion th^t our niannlers ^i€ similar 'to' thoie of ^ tht Spaniards, yet Omai declared, he did ndt think there was nittch difference.- H^ «N«di^iwdccd, that they did not appear to brf^ so fri(>tidly af the J&hglish; and thiit tnelr p^tscms near ^y- resembled thQst of h|8 ^couhtrymtm '--rnT.' ■ r ...me^c^n Wj.tc ..,-':.^ :■; : Havinggor-odirwafer^and other articled on board; - i^:"ii!^.'^ ■i-jok into Pdrt Praya for the Discovery, as captain Gaok had told captain Gierke that he should touch there. At one o'clock we saw the rocks southwest of Bonavista, bearing southeast, distant three i^t four leagues.^'- '>~ ■ "-''i-<"-^'- . ,^'''^.M^-^iMH,M^^^^i^-^ •ss A VOYAGE TO THE On Monday the 1 2tb, at six oVlock io cKe moffi* ipgf the island of Mayo bore south^soutbf astt 4is- tant four or five leagUfEjs^ , Wt sounded, and Itmiid ground at sixty fathpm»* At the4i8tance of th^ or four miles from this island^ we saw ncd the least app^aran<;e of yegetation | nothing preaenlediitsdtf to our vie W9 but that JifWess browns so coviiiioii m unwoodeii countries und^r the, torrid zone- . . Duiing our .continuance amoi»g these islandt, we had gentfe bri^ez^s of windy varying from the south* ea^t to east, find some cakos^ On the i^lhy at nine oVlock m the morning, we arrived before Port Praya« In the island of St Ji^, where two Dutch East-^dla shipf , and a s^mU brigantine, were at anchor. The Discovery not being there* we did npt go in, but stopd to th9 sopUhiiiriuro* .We lost the nortl^Ml trade-wiitd the day after we left the Cape deVeide islands ^nd, on the 30th9 got th^t whieh blowst Ironithe southcaM^ The wind^ during this interyalf waa principally iit the southwest quarter. It generally blew a genf> tie' breeze, but sometimes fresh, and insquaUs^ We had few Calms, and those of short duration.'; Be<» tween the latitude of 12^, and of 7^ north, thi^ w^^ther.was very gloomy, and frequent^ rainy |^ insomuch, that we were enabled to save as nmch water as filled the greatest part of our empty ea^s* ., Every bad consequence is to be ap{Mrebenjii%!d from these rains, and the close suhry weather •o-' companying them. Commanders of ships ought carefully ta purify the air between decks with fires and smoke, and to oblige the people to change^heir clothes at cv^ary opportuuity. These necessary pre- cautions were strictly observed on board the Reso* 1 •.i^ •:;'';':!*'? 'J PACIFIC OCEAN. • % t (;■•'■ ■ • ■ ^ iution and Discover jr , and wc enjoyed the advan- tage of it, having fewer sick than on either of cap- tain Cook^s former voyages., Our ship, however, was very leaky in all her upper works. The sul; try weather had opened her seams so wide that the' rain-water passed through as it fell. The ofHcers in the gun-room were driven from their cabins, by the water that came thro' the sides, and hardly a^^ tnan couM lie di-y in his bed. The caulkers were ^ employed to repair these defects, as soon as we got" into fair settled weather; but captain Cook would not trust them over the sidel while we v^ere at sea.l On the 1st of September, ' we crossed the equa- tor, in the longitude o/ 27^ 38/ west, and passed the afternoon in performing'' the old ccrcmbny of ^"^ ducking those who ^ad not crossed the equator before. On the 8th, we were 4 little to the south-^^ wai^ of cape St Augustine. We proceeded on our '%\ voyage without any remarkable occurrence till the 6th of October. Being then in the latitude of 53** ij'' south, longitude 7® 45' west, we alternately^ met with light airs and calms for three successive days* For some days before we had seen albatr6s->r scs, and pintadoers, and we then saw three penguin5^ ^ In consequence of this we sounded, but found no^ ground with a line of one hundred and fifty fa- ;,^ thorns. We shot a few birds, one of which was a black petrel, about the size of a crow. In the evening of the 8th, a bird, which the sai- lor^ call a noddy, settled on our rigging, and wa«'^ taken. It was larger than a common English black- 1 bin^ arid nearly 6f the same colour, except the up-* der part of the herd^ which was white. It was * Wcb-lboted, had black legs, and a long black biiU; , ■ i: ^pp 69 A yOYAGE TO THE Though it IS said these bir^ls never venture far from land, we. knew, of noi^e nearer our station than GoughN or Richmond island,, which could not be less than one h,uadred leagues. But as the Atlan- tic Qcean, southward of us, has been but very little frequented^ there may po'«sibly,be more islands than we know of. A- fresh gale from.thrf porthwest succeeded this calm weather, which continued two days. Afterwards we had variable light airs for about twenty- four houp) when tl^e northwest wind returned, and blew fresh. On the 17th we sow the C.ipe of Good Ho|}e,, and, on the 18th, anchored in Table-bav, in four fathoms water. After receiving the usual visit from the master? attendant and Jthe surgeon, captain Cook sent an officer to Baron Piettenberg, the governor, and saluted the garrisoi^i ^{th .thirteen guns^ and was complimented in .retuin, „with the same number. Two French £a$t-india ships were in the bay, the one outward, and .the other homeward bound. After having saluted, captain Cook went on shore, accompanied by some of his officers, and waited on the, govtrnor, the lieutenant-governprji the fiscal, and the commander of the troops, Tiiesc gentlcrafen received captain Cook with the greatest civility 5 and the governor, in particular, volunta- rily promised him every assistance that the place afforded. Before captain Cook returned onboard, he ordered fresh meat, greens, &.c'. to be provided every day for the ship's qoinpany. 4 ., On the 22d we fixed our tents and observatory ; the next day we began to observe equa' al|itudes of the sun, in order to discover whether the V.atch had altered its rate. The caulkers were set to It- «... '^m^F V ,.^AP1F!C OCEAN,. 6x wcrk to caulk the ship; and captain Cook liad con* ccrled ine^surciii, for supplying both ships with such provi«iions ait were wanted \ and, as the several ar« tides Tor the Resolution, were got ready t t*i ^y were immediately conveyed on boardf # The homewardrbqund l^vench ship sailed for Eutop^ on tlie 26th, and by heif we seqt letters to England. The next day the Hampshire Kast-In- ijiia ship, from Bencoolen, anchored in the b»y. On the 31st of Qct. it blew excessively hard at southeast, and continued for three days. The Re* solution was the only ship in the bay that rode out the gale without dragging her anchois, Tne storip ceased on the -jd of Nov. and on the 6<:h, the Hampshire sailed fdr Jp^ngland, in which captain Cuok sent home an invalid. On the loth, in the morn in o'^ the Discovery arrived in the bay, Slie sailed i ^r^ Plymouth on the 1st of August^ and would Have been witli us a week sooner, had not the jatp gale of wind blown her off the coast. Captain Qleike, on his passage from England, l(*5t one pf his marino, by falling over board. No other accrdeht happened among his people, and they ar* rived it> perfect health. The next day, the Dis- covery wanted caulking, captain Cook sent all bis workmen on board her, and lent every other assis- tance to the captain to ej^editje his supply of provi- slpns and water. «/'-*. ■ ^'^ f . c -, Having, 1)y th^ governor's permission, taken pur cattle on si ibre, on the night preceding the 14th, some dog« got ini amongst tlic sheep, forced tliern out o^ the pen., killed four, and dispersed the rest. We recovered six of thetn the next day j but a uoni^ those whicji were missing were two rams, and two ■ ■■4 ■?■;•'?);■' I'M III /' Vi *.. " i2 A VOYAGE TO TrfE ■1 .-*• ■ of the finest ewe?* i» the whole flock. Though the l>utch frequently boast of the police at the Cape, yet the captain's sheep evaded all the vigilance of the fiscal's officers and people. At length, after much trouble ana cxpence, by employing some of the lowest fellows of the place, ive recovered all bat the tvvo ewes. One of the rams, however, was so miserably torn by the dogs> that we thought he would never recover. ■' IVIr Harnrny, the lieuter ant^oVernor, very ob- ll'jji:igly oiFered to mak^ up this loss, by giving cap* tain Cook a Spanish raiii, out of some he had sent for frona Lisbon ; but the captain declined the offer, thinkinjT it would equally answer his purpose to take, xvlth hjm some of the Cape rams : In this, however, the captain wis mistaken. Mr Hemmy h^d endeavoured to introduce European sheep at th^ Capeybut all his attempts^were frustrated by the obstinaicy of the country people, who highly es- tesiTi their own breed, on account of their large tails; the fit of which sometiraci produce niorc monev than the whole carcase besides. Indeed, the ; most remarkable thing in the Cape sheep is the length and thickness of their tailSj, which weigh ';■ from ten to fifteen pounds.^., -^'?:;:.\; ^■/! '" i^tc-' . ■I' While the ships \vere repairing for the prosecu- tran of our voyage, Mr Anderiion, and some of our ^ otHceis, made au excursion, to take a survey of the neighbouring country. Mr Andersoi. tdbtes their proceediqgs to the following effect : ""^---^ ^ ^ In the forenoon of Saturday the l6|jb of Novem- ber, he, and five others, set out in a waggon, to tak?; a view of the country. They crossed the large uljin to the castw^r/J of tfe^ toiEn. which U cu^ rt •:"« •^y#':':-. ■J wm fmr "^vm vv PACIFIC OCEAN. : -£-'^>.';fev tirely a wliite sjand, resemblihg that M{hich is oom«^:' ' monly found on beaches. At five in the afternoon ;•>:. tbey passed a large fairm-bouse, some corn-fields :^^ and vine-yards, situate beyond th^ plain, wherc^vr the soil appeared worth cultivating. At seven they arrived at Stellenbosh, a colony, in point of injporij' tance, next to^thatof the CiiiC.^,^.^:^^^^-^,^-^^v:: The village stands at the foot of tnc t^mge of lofty mountains, about twenty miles to the east- ward of Cape-'f own, and consists of about thirty houses, which are neat and clean : a rivulet, and ' the shelter of some large oaks, planted at its first settling, form a rural prospect in this desert coun- try, ^There are soioe thriving vineyards and orchards ^bout the place> which seem to indicate an excellent soil, though perhaps muc^ may be owing to the uncommon serenity of the air^ f > * At this season of the ye?r, ]\lr Anderson could find but few plants in flower^ and insects were very; * scarce. He and his companions left Stellenbosk the next morning)- and soon arrived at the house they Had passed on Saturday, Mr Cloeder, the; owner of which, having sent them an invitation ta visit him, they were entertained by this gentleman . with, great politeness and hospitality. They were received with a band of music, which continued playing while they were at dinner j which, in that ' situation, might be reckoned elegant. lit the after- noon they crossed the country, and passed some large plantations. In tie evening they arrived at a faim-house, which is said to be the first in the cultivated tract called the Pearl, Here they had a view of Prakenstein, the thiid colony of this coyn, N ^f:yp^^.M:4m'%i ■:^ ^ ^ '"^W'^^' ^^i^i*■ ,/',, . miif^ii^^^m^^w, , I,! i«iipi i.i^9ip!!|iiif .ly., rw 3*-: 'yv> -i. AGE TO THE ;>9f-0.v ■>*-,*' .•^::' %' ■ * . ■f-iv*; •■•i'l.'' tr% vihich Cbntains scferaf little farms; or planta- tions.' ■■ •■"' '0^:*-fy,i'i^'!f'^f'^ Y(r Plants and insects ^'«*re as scarce bfere as at Stel- lenbo«jh ; 'but there was a greater plenty of shrubs, or sm^U trees, naturjilly produced^ than they had -before steen in 'the country. ^;tH'"^'^"^/'^^W^f^'t*^','?-' On Tuesday the 19th, in the afternoon, they went to sec a remarkable large stone, called by the inhabitants the Tower of Babylon, or the Pearl Diamond. It stands upon the top of some low hills, and' is of ah oblong shape, rounded on the top, and lying nearly south and north. The east and west sides are nearly perpendicular. The south end is not equally steeps but its greatest height is there ^ whence it declines gently to the north part, which they ascended, and had a very extensive prospect ^ the whole country;^^ * ' *" ^ '" '^'' The circumference of this stone is about half a mile, as they were half an hour walking round it, including allowances for stopping and a bad road. Its height seems to equal the *dome of St Paul's church. Except SQme few fissures, it is one unin- terrupted mass of stone. The stole is of that sort which mineralogists call Saxum Ct igiutinatufn. On the 20th, in the morning, they set out from the Pearl, and, going a different road, passed through an uncultivated country to the Tyger Hills, where they beheld some tolerable corn fields. About noon they stopped in a valley for refreshment, where they were plagued with a vast number of musquitoes ^ and, in the evening, arrived at the - Cape-Town, ■''vc'i:^:^^'^::^^-^^'};^- [ -f'^ji^' :^r: /'" ~ On Saturday the 23d, we got the observatory, clock, &c. on board. From the result of several ■ 1^ ' •»■ .:ii; 'mm Hpn^m PACIFIC ocean;^^ s»' «5 calculations and observations, we had reason to conj^^ elude, that the watch, or time piece, had perform^jj;^ ed well all the way fiam England. ;ffq^]":''' Captain Cook fearing a second disaster, got his sheep s^nd other cattle on board as hoon as possible^; He also increased his stock by purchasing two bulls, two heifers, two stone-horses, two (nares, two rams, and soide rab-» some ewes and goats, some poultryj, bits. ' j-^^:-^r^mmf^:^r''^.:''-^ Both ships being supplied with provisions and water suftkient for two years and upwards, and every other necessary article^ and captain Cook having given captain Gierke a copy of his instruc- tions, we repaired on board in the morning of the 30th. A breeze sprung up at southeast, at 5 in the afternoon, with which we weigh«»d and stood cut of the bay *, at nine it fell calm, and we anchor- ed. At three o^clockthe next morning we weigh- ed and put to sea^ i^ith a light breeze at south, but did not get clear of k^, tul the ad of December m the morning. f Gn Thursday the 5th, a squall of wind carried away the mizen top-mast of the Resolution, but we had another to replace it. On the evening of the 6th, being then in the latitude of 39^ 14/ south, ^ 4 , .* On Thursday the l2tH, lSf%Afi, we dJjicoVcsted land extending from southeast by south, to south- east by east. We, at length, discovered it to he two islands. That which lies most to the south, appeared to be about Sfteen leagues ii) circuit j and the most northerly one, about nine leagues in cir- ■■m .-'-* .#■ ''■•^ cult, .,,%.pC_ ^ ,,. ., ^ We passed a^ an'equal Untance from bbtli tslahdj and could not discover either tree ot* shrub on ei- ther of them. They seemed to have a rocky shore, and, excepting the southeast parts, a ridge of bar- ren mountmn*, whose sides and summits were co- vered with snow. ;>'"*. ■'^:'i'/*t*?''^^^y'^*^'V'^^ .-■^xi^^.-^ 'These two islands, and fduf others more to the east, were discovered by captains Marion du Fresne and Crozet, French navigators, in January 177 ?j on their passage from the Cape of Good Hope to the Philippine Islands. As they have no names in the French chart of the southern hemisphere^ cjptain Cook, named the two we now saw, Prince Edward's Islands, and the other four by the name of^Marion's and Crozet's Islands.**^ '«>^#^>^^^-'^^ '*^e had now, in general, strong gales, and ver^ indifferent weather. After leaving Pince Edward's Islands, we shaped-o4r^ourse to pass to the south- ward of the four others, to get into the latitude of the land discovfered by Monsieur de Kergue* Captain Cook had received instructions to ixi* mine this inland, ind endeavour to discover a 'go6d harbour. On the l6th we>aw nutnbcrs of petigtrins aiT# divert, and rock weed floating in the iiz j and !> ■ ■ «i PACIFIC OCEAN.- tth tfcr^^sTilfe i^sT^^ firfge**^; ^%Tir We^ ther was now very foggy, and as wt hourly cxpv^c- ttd to fall in with the land^ our navigation was both dangcious and tedious. ■Ar^'r^r'-.t'-i^iS'^A^'^ J^'"'/^^'"i On the 14th' at six in the mSiTiin^, flit fog cfear- ihg away a little, we Saw land, bearitig south- south- cast, which wie afterwards found to be an island of considerable height, and about three leagues in cir* c»iit. We soon after discovered another of equal magnitude^ about one league to the eastwtird *, and^ between these two, some smaller ones. In the di*. rfection of south by east, aviOther high island wat seen. We did but just weather the island last men* tioned : it was a high round rock, namiecl Bligh's Cap. C"^pta:n Cook supposed this, to be the samtf that MohsicUr de Kerguelen called the Isle of Rendezvous 5 but he knew nothihg that could rcn» dezvouS at it but the fowls of the air^ for it wai (Jertainly inaccessible to every other animal. ^^^Wf: The weather beginning to dear up about eleveii|p we tacked, and steered in for the land. At noon We were enabled to determine the latitude of B' jgh's Cap to be 48*^* 29' south, and its longitude (VS** 4c'. We passed it at three o'clock widi a fresb gale at ^est/'*-^*'^'^**^*'^-"'^*'^'*'^'^"*^-'^^*^^^^^''^ Presently aftet we clearly §5kjy the lantJ, and at four o^clock it extended fr^i^^utheast to south* west by south, distant about *ibu# tniles. The left cxtretae^ which -captain Cook judged to be the nor-^ thern point of this land, called in the French chart of the sotuhcrn' hemisphere Cape Francois, termi- nated in a high perpendicular rock j and the right one in a high indented point,^^r ; >■<> ar^l ^"t- ■ ^'.i ;.*,'* ■;*''-,'*'';.\r. -/^-SJf-,"- 68( A VOtAGE TO. IHi \i Tovftiis the middle of the land tl^i^r^e^appe^red to W an inlet } but| on our approac^^g it> we law it WIS only a handing iii the coast : we, ihcref(»^ bore up to go round Cape Francois* Having cot o£f^the Cs^pe, we observed the coast to the souuiward, much indented by points and BSyi| and^ therefore^ filUy expected to find a good , barbour* We soon discovered one, into which we began to ply ^ bnt it presently fell calm, and we anchored in forty -five fathoms water : the I)iscover j also anchored there soon after. IVIr Bligh, the masteTi vfu ordered to sound the hax hour ^ who re-i 1 ported it to be we anchored ia^dght iithoms water* The Discovery got in at tw9 o*clock in the afternoon |f when captain Clerke UlAinacd us, that he had with difHculty escaped bebg driven on ihe jouth point of the harbour, bis limchor In^i^g started before he could shorten in tlic caMe. ,The^ w ere, therefore, obliged to set saiir and drag the anchor alter thetn, till they had xoom to heaipe it up, tdien they perceived th^t one 4>f its pa^Dos |«^lia blc^# oil Ignmei^ely after we had anchored, captain Cook 4lieieed all the boats to be hotned out, and the empty water^^ik^il^liie got ready% In the niean time he landedy Id ^rch for a convenient spot fvbere they might be filled, and to observe what the place aferdedr ; He £ound vast (juantities of penc^uins, and other birdS| and seals, on the diore. The lattery were HQt nttm^nn|S| but so in8^4^|^ ^ fo^^i tim^ V9 JE^ACiflC OCEAN. ' 6^ the ho re-. 1 kilkd as niany as we chose, and ma dc use of their, fdt and blubber to^mnke oil for our Ump», and other ])urposes« Fresh water whs exceedingly pleritiful j but not a Single tree or shrub was to be diicovered^'^ and but little herbage of any kind ; thqugh we h^ flattered durselve^ with the hope of meeti^ig with sonnething considerable growing h^re, having ob- served the sides of soirie of the hitls to be of a lively green. Bcforis captain Cook returned. to his sbip, he ascended a ridge of locks, rising one above f^no^ ther, expecting, hy that means, to obtain a view of the country^ but before he had xtached the top, fo thick a fog cam.e oh, that it was with difficulty he could find his way down again. Towards the , evenings we hauled the seine at the head of the har^ bourf but caught no more than half a dozen small fish ^ nor had we any bettdr success the next day^ when we tried virith hook and line. Our only re- source^ therefore, for fresh i^rovisions^ was birds^ which were iannumerable. Though it was both foggy and rainy^, on Thur5«i day the; 26th,' we began to fill water, and to cut ♦jrass for our cattle, ivhich we found near the hedd of the harbour. The rivulets were swelled to such a degree, by the rain that fell, thnt the sfdes of the hills bounding tl^e harbour, appeared to be qpvered with a sheet of watert , . V The people having laboured hard for two suc- cessive days, and nearly completed our water, cap- tain CoOk allowed them the 27th of December as a d ly of rest, to celebrate Christmas. In consequence of which; many of them went on shore, and made excursions into tTi^ country, which they found deso- late and barren in the extreme* In the evenirig 7® A voyagje: tq the >*^. oneof tliem presented aqoartbottlib to captafnCook^ which lie bad lound on the. nonh*side ^f the har- bour, fastened with yome wireto a projecting rock, "Shis bottle contained a pie^e of parcbment^ with tldlfoUQwing inscription } ^ Ludovico ,yiV. Ga/iiarum 1 rege^ tft d* de Boyries; rep a Secretis ad r^s mqritinnas annisi*],^! et It is eVidei^ty from this inscription, that we were! not the first Europeans who had visited this har«* bour. Captain Cook supposes it to haVe been left by Monsieur de Boisgu^enneu, who went on shore the 13th of February 1^72, the day that Monsieur 4e Kcrguelen discovered this land ^vbut the cap* tain appears to be for once tmstaken ; fior how could Monsieur dfc Boisguehenneu, in the beginning of 1772^ leave an inscription which commemorates a transaction (^ the following year ? Captian Cook^as a memorial of our having been in this harbour, wrote on the othet 9de of the parch« xnen^ as foUaiws4 - , ifoves Resolution !^ et Discovery de Rege Mdgnte Briianttiie^ Decemhris 1776./ He then put it again into the bottle, eccompann ed with a silver tworpenpy piece of 1772, covered the inouth of the bottle with t leaden cs^, and ■/',K' 'in\ ^ .* ■■*• » ThQ d h ^robjibly a^ contraction of the> word Prnft!^ 1 Cooky hie liar- grock, t; with .1^;; yf *ij '•r=. ^ i t^ Ki K^.'f' ■Y . \' \> ^■^ |!|i'i« #?a>' p- fi-^%.' nv ' V* .v t :j;;t: V •- ',»' i ,*.*» 1+' mmm i*^' PACIFIC OCEAN. 71 phccd It next morning in a pile of stones, erected for tliAt purpose on an eminence, near the place were it was found. Here captain Cook displayed the British dag, and named the ^X^ce'Cbnstmas Hat" b9ur^ it being on that fs cleated Christmas Harbour, which i/ras on Sunday the i9th, we steered alongi rVy^ ^^About eight p\:lock, we were off a promontory which captain Cook named ;Cape Cur.iberland^ It is situate about a league and a halF^from the south. most point of Chiistmas Harbour \ and between them is a bay with two arms. OIF Cape Cu\r)ber< laud rs a small but high island, on the top of which is a' ropk somewhat like a sentry -rbox, which occr.^ sloned our giving it that name. > Two miles farther to the eastward lies a group of other small islands between^ which an4 Sehtr) -oox Island we sailed, the chaanfil being a full mile broad, and forty fat^Qma deep^ having sounded with a line of thitt length. Having passed through 'this channpl, >v.e dis- covered abay running in three leagues to the west- ward, which is formed by Cape Cumberland to the north, and a promontory to the south. This the captarp named Point Pringlc, in compl»racrt to Sir John Pringle, President of the Royal Society. The bottom/ of the . feayj is n«p^d Cura l^issin^ To the southward of- this a. fifth bay is formed, which Mras named White, Bay, on accoun| of H>me w^ i^*? =^'*nds;ii>r rocks in the bottom. There are al- so scvjcralr ksser bays or coves, wiiich appeared to be fhdteiedfiotn all winds. do noti A^;^ Thus far we had st^ered'in a direction pai«tllel to the coasts and at no time ^(ir&ihan twc( niilei from PACIFIC OCEAN. 73 it. We observed the beach to be sandy, and frc* quently swarming with birds, but all along retain- ing the same barren and naked appearance. Having kept on the larboard bow, the land which we first discovered off Cape Francois, in the direc«* tion of south 53^ east, we took for an island, and expected to find a passage between it and the main ^ but we found it to be a peninsula^ joined to the rest of the coast by a l6w isthmus. The bay tormcd by this peninsula, captain Cook named Repulse Bay. The northern point ot the peninsula was named Howe's Foreland, in honour of Lofd Howe. On our approach to it, we discovered a number of rocks and breakers, and two islands to the east- ward of it, which at first seemed but one. About noon we were in the middle ot the channel, hav- ing steered betwixt the island and the foreland^ when our latitude we found to be 48^ j i' south* The coast is but low and crowded with sea-birds. The land is pretty high and of a rocky substance. Some seals were observed upon the beaches. Having cleared the rocks and islands before men- tioned, we found the sea before us to be checquer- ed with sea weeds, which we were sensible were fast to the botiom. A great depth of water is some- times found on such shoals^ notwithstanding of which, the tops of some rocks nearly touched the surface of the water. This makes it dangerous to sail over them without examining them. We en- deavoured to avoid them, by sailing through the channels whereby they were separated. The sea was as smooth as a rotll-pondi und we kept the lead ' continually going, yet never struck the grouted, VOL. I. a ■is- 74 i-r A VOYAGE TO THE ■■^/'■•.>,;V even with a line of sixty fathoms. Having run in this manner for an hour, we discovered a large rock even with the water, amidst a bed of weeds : this was sufficiently alarming to make us take' every precaution to avoid danger. ,, We were now about eight miles to the south* ward of Howe'sJ reland, across the mouth of a large bay. In this bay are several rocks, low islands, and bcr^s of sea weed, but there appeared to be winding channels between them. We .were so much embarrassed with these shoals, that we haul- ed off to the eastward, in hopes of extricating our- > selves from our difficulties j but this plunged us in- to greater, and we found It absolutely necessary to secure the ships, if possible, before night, especially as the weather was hazy, and a fog was apprehend- ed.. ''^^¥%^'^%;ff^'i.^^y-^i'i^^^^ W:, Observing some inlets to the southwest of this, captain Gierke was ordered to lead in for the shore, as his vessel drew less water than the Resolution ; this he attempted, by running over the edges of some of the shoals, having from ten to twenty fa- thoms water ^ which so soon as be passed^ be had no ground at the dfepth of fifty fithoms. About five o'clock in the evening, captain Gierke made the signal for discovering a harbour, in which we got to a safe anchor in a little time thereafter, at about half a mile distant from the shore. We were scarce settled when the wind blew very strong ; it however continued fair, and the fogs being dispersed, we got a good view of the country round : Mr Bligh, the master of captain Cook's vessel, was ordered ashore with two boats, to sur- M#iip *• *'" PACIFIC OCEAN. f : ' 75 vey the upper part of the harbour, and look put for wood, 'f •■'*-■■ :'^f#'^' ■?■■•:-■*/ ■•'■■"'''*>':'■-: ^--'-\-^ .-— -^^ '' ■ ^ ■ ■ ■•■.A- >*..J - • He also desired captain Gierke to send his mas- ter to sound the channel south of the small ^sles, and went himself in his other boat, accompanied by Mr Gore and Mr Bailey, and landed on the north point, to see whj^t 4iscpyery ccy^d tic. jaadc from thence. j ^ > r ' s > From the highest hill over the poii^t, they had a pretty good view of the sea-coast, as far as Howe's Foreland. It is much indented, and several rocky points seemed to shoot out from it, with cqves and inlets of unequal extent. One of the latter, the end of which they could not see,> was disjoined from that in which the ships were at anchor, by the point they then stood upon. A great many small islands, rocks, and breakers appeared scattered along the coast, as well to the southward as to the north- ward ^ and they saw no better channel to get out of the iiarbour, than by the one through which they had entered it. ^:,y^_ ;?",.!s!tK*«5f^^i^'v-' While captain Coo^ and Mr Bailey were mak- ing these observations, Mr Gore encompassed a hill, and joined them at the place where the boat was attending for them. There was nothing to obstruct their walk, except some craggy precipices j the country being if possible more bax^en ^nd desolate than that about Christmas Karbour. Wkh regret he observed, that there was neither food nor cover* ing for cattle of any sort, and if he -had left any they must have perished, In the little cove where ^ their boat was waiting for them, (which captain Cook called Penguin Cove, from the immense num- ber of those birds appearing there) is a fine river G 2 .it-' 'A' '"^ *A riSis,ii^\ i\'?it\ '^■'A' 4:-,V:.: m "*"'? ■■SV...:vV-r- A VOYAGE TO THE olfreshwoter, which we could approach without difficulty. Some laige large seals, shags, and a few ducks were seen here ^ and Mr Bailey had a gllance of a very small land-bird, but it flew away among the rocks and they lost it. They got on board at nine, and Mr Biigh re- turned soon after : he reported that he had been four miles up the harbour, probably near the top of it ; he found its direction to be southwest ; its breadth near the ships about a mile, but narrower farther .^p. He found the country very rocky, and very little verdure of any kind. Penguins and ^ othei' birds were seen in great numbers. ,)i>^^r>-:m'^i^ •^ Next morning we put to sea. captain Cook hav- ing named the harbour Port Palliser, It is situate 49^ 3' south latitude, and 69*^ 37' east longitude, and lies about five leagues south east £xom Howe's Foreland*' #*4v#?Hi^"*i* .**#*i '^^t '*;•»■'■ ' y<^"^^ ^■■■' v? ^:. '^i^mji -p^i. At four leagues distance, they perceived a round hill lik^ a sugar loaf, which was named Mount Campbell j a low pointy beyond which no land was to be seen, bore southeast at.about twenty miles dis- tance 5 we were then two leagues from shore. The land is low and level. The mountains end about five leagues from the low point, leaving a great ex- tent of low land, on which Mount Campbell is situated. These mountains seemed to be compos- «dof naked rocks, whose summits were covered with *snow^ and nothing but sterility was to be seen in the vaflics. At noon we perceived low land, opening off the low point just mentioned, in the direction of south -southeast. It proved to be the eastern ex- tremity of this land, and was named Cape Bigby. PACIFIC OCEAN. 'n ».•.>' •V'v; The shore forms one great bay from Cape Bigby to Howe's Foreland ; which produces a va.^ quan- tity of sea- weed, of that sort which Mr Banks dis- tinguishes by the:name oijucus gigauteus. Though the stem of this weed is not much thicker .than a man's thumb, some of it grows to the amazing length of sixty fathoms. We observed a small bending in the coast, about one o'clock, on the north side of Cape Digby, for which we steered, intending to anchor, which find- ing imp jssible, we stretched forward, to make what farther observations we could that night*- .The coast, from Cape Digby, trends nearly southwest by south to a low point, to which captain Cook, in honour of her Majesty, gave ^he name of foin^ Charlotte, 'f-^:^^ ''}mmm£S.'mm% ■ *tm ■ iifim^^M^M^ Sik leagues from Cape Digby, in the directioa of south' southwest ^ west, is a pretty high projectr ing point, which was called prince of Wales's Fore- land ; and six leagues beyond that, in the same, di- rection, and in the latitude of 49° 54' south;' I and the longitude of 70° 13' east, in the most southerly point of the whole coast, which he distinguished by the name of Cape George, ji^ l^Qjiqm of his !^aj,f §- Between Point Charlotte and the Prince of Wales's Foreland, we discovered a deep inlet, which was cdlcd Royal Sound 5 and advancing to the south, we saw another inlet into the Royiil Sound, on the southwest side of the Prince of Wales's Foreland. On the southwest side of the Royal Sound, all the land to Cape George consists of ele- vated hills, gradually ris.ij>g from t.te sea, to, q, con- siderable height J they were naked and barren, and ^ 3 r' '*i ( • /■"*. VA. p A VOYAGE TO THE their summfts cafpt with «^w. "Not a *vestige of a tree br shriib was to fee seen. S6me of the low land alsout Gape Digby, «eeilwd to be covered with a ^recn turf, but a cOnsidci?able part of it appeared quite- tiaked, "Penguins and other oceanic birds were humei^ous on the beaches, and shags innumer- able kept flying about our ships, -i % i . i. ;ii||i^&i Anxious to get the length of Cjlp^e St^GfebrgeJ in order to be certain whetiier it was the most souther- ly point or not, we stretched to the south, with all the sail we could carry 5 but the wind shifting, we \ found it impossible to proceed in that direction, and istood away 'from thecoast>j^v^^*U- %«"^-4«jg.a^^^;i^^ :^ At this time Cape George bore south 53® west, ilistant about seven leagues. We observed no land to the south of it, except a small island, that lies off ifhe pitch of the Cape j and a southwest swell which we met, when we brought the Cjtpe to bear in this direction, almost eon viiic^d us that there was no more -in that quarteri^*^t>''^'^i^-^^^-^^ife3t^'-^*^-^:*i^ ;"- J^ The Frerlch discoverers Imagined Cape Francois to be the ptojectingj p6i»it qF a southern cofntinent. I'he Eti^li^h have d!if(!;6ve1red that no sudh conti- nent exists, and that thfe land in question is an is- land of small extent *, which, from iils sterility, might ^properly bfe calM the Island of' Desolation f^JBut 'captain Cook was unwilling to rob Mdnsicusr de ;K;erguelen of the honour of it« bearing liis name. •"^ Mr Anderson, who, during the short time we lay in- Christmas 'Hatbour, lost no opportunity of ' scarehihg the country in every direction, relates the following particulars^: - • ^ ? / - Ij* Noplace (says h^) hiifhefrto yiscovtre J Th' Hther Bcmispherej a€oi^ so scanty a field- for the natu- ■tf.V..v... :PACIFIC,.DQi:ANi --^'^ ■."'^.:>/^-; turalist as this steril spot. Some verdure, indeed* appeared, when at a small distance from the shore, which might raise the expectation of 'i meeting with a little herbagie ; but all this lively appearance was occasioned by one small plant, re- sembling saxifrage, which grew up the hills in large spreading tufts, on a kind of rotten turf, which^ if diied, might serve for fuel, and was the only thing seen here that could possibly be applied to that pur- pose. ■ iu "i; ■'■ ^ .■■■ . ,i'& UH,f l^^- ., •■' .4'5->.?^;^;5t4 ' *f^?^;;^S^-N^V- * Another plant, which grew to near the height of two feet, was pretty plentifully scattered about th$ boggy di^clivities i it had the appearance of a small cabbage when it has shot Into seeds. It had the watery acrid taste of the antiscorbutic plants, though it materially differed from the whole tribe. When eaten raw, it was not unlike the New-Zea- , land ficurvy^gtass ^ but when boiled, it acquired a rank flavour. At this time, nonjE of its seeds were ripe enough to be brought home, and introduced in- ^ to our English kitchen-gardens.rr r -^ v Si^T ^'': -i*Near the brooks and boggy placeJf w^^ found two mother ismall plants, which were eaten 'as sallad j the one like gardeti cresses, and very hot j and the other very mild : the latter is a curiosity, having not only male and female, but also androgynous plants. Same coarse grass grew pretty plentifully in a few smaU spots near the harbour, which was cut down for our cattle. In short the whole cata- logue of pknts did not exceed eighteen, including p beautiful spcciesof lichen, and several sqrts of moss. Nor was there the appearance of a tree or shrub in the ':rhole country,^,... ...... , ;.,'....:.;,. , ,yj-.A,-;^^ .,, Among the animafs, the moat considerable were ' h:^ ¥m. v^^'f '■1'! .k; '*^'li ' *i " 1 \ '% * ■A ■m .V vC' i 80 A VOYAGE TO THE ■m :-i*- scab, which where distinguished by the name of sea- bears, being the sort that are called the ursine seal. They came on shore to repose and breed. At that time they were shedding their hair, and so remark- ably tame, that there was no difHculty in killing them. No other q'jadruped was seen 5 but a great num- ber of oceanic birds, as ducks, shags, petrels, &c. The ducks were somewhat like a widgeon, both in size and figure ^ a considerable number of them were killed and eaten "r thpy were excellent food, and had not the least fishy taste. -^ The Cape petrel, the small blue one,^ and the small black one, or Mother Carey's chicken, were not plenty here 5 but another sort, which is the largest of the petrels, and called by the seamen Mother Carey's goose, is found in abundance. This petrel is as large as an albatross, and is carnivo- rou*j, feeding on the dead carcasses of seals, birds^ ^C. ■■■ " '■' i'i'^^''^'^W'>'t^'t^i ■ **-'^5'- - The greatest number of birds here were penguins,^ which clMst of three sorts. The head of the lar- gest is black, the upper part of the body of a leaden grey, the under part white, and the feet black J two broad stripes of fine yelbw descend from the head to the breast ; the bill is of a reddish colour, and longer than in the other sorts. The se- cond sort is about half the size of the former. It is of a blackish grey on the upper part of the body, and has a white spot on the upper paart of the heatJ. The bill and feet are yellowish. In the third sort, the • upper part of the body and throat arc bkck^ the rest white, except the top of the head, which is orna- mented with a fine yellow arch, which it can erect as two crests. . '/ iT'i\f..-^v^. ■* ■ V'"" ■V. :-• i \ M PACIFIC OCEAN. .,^- 83 Swilly Isle or Rock, on account of its striking re-^!; &f;mblance to Eddystone light-house. These two rocks may, even in the night, be seen at a consider- able distance, and are the summits of a ledge of rocks under water. On the northeast side of Storm Bay are some creeks that seem tolerably sheltered ; and if this coast was carefully examined 9 several good harbours would most probably be found. About noon on the 26th, a breeze sprung up, which determined us to anchor in Adventure Bay, for the purpose of watering, &c; which waS found could^not be wanted till our arrival at New- Zea- land. The ships therefore stood in for the Bay, and anchored in a sandy bottom, in twelve fathoms wa- ter, at the distance from shore of about three quar- ters of a mile. After, anchoring, captains Cook and Gierke went ashore in the boats, to look out for the mo^t commodious place for procuring the necessary sup- plies. Wood and water they found could be procured easily, but grass, which was principally needed, was coarse and bad. The next morning captain Cook detached two parties under the conduct of lieutenant King, to the east side of the bay to cut wood and grass, some marines attending them as a guards though none of the natives had yet appeared. He also sent the launch to provide water for the ships, and afterwards paid a visit to the parties thiis em^^* ployed. '*> '■:-■»'• -■::■*-' • •' --^ - ';* •,.- The seine was drawn in the evening, and 4t on« haul a great quantity offish was taken : after which all hands returned on board, to be ready for sailing, when the wind should permit. ' As this howcvci di4 npt happep, the next day Viii'l I'l. 84 A VOYAGE TO THE ■ 7 --■■■■" was employed for cutting down spars for the ships. We were surprised in the afternoon with a visit from some of the natives : eight men and a boy ap. proached us from the wdods, with the greatest con- fidence, none of them halving weapons, but oney who held in his hand a stick, about two feet long, pointed at one end. They were quite naked, and wore no ornaments, unless we consider as such some large punctures or ridges on different parts of their bodies, some in straight, and some in curved lines. They were of the poitmon stature, but slen- i der. Their skin was black, and also their hair, which was as woolly as that of any native of Gui- nea y but they had not repiarkably thick lips nor flat noses ^ on the contrary, their features were far from being disagreeable. They had pretty good eyes, and their teeth were tolerably even, but very dirty. Most of them had their hair and beards smeared with a red ointment j with which some aU so had their faces painted. Every present made to them they received with- out any appearance of satisfaction.. When some bread was given, as soon as they understood it was ^0 be eaten, they either returned it, or threw it away, ^without even tasting it. They alsb refused some £sh, both raw and dressed ; but on giving sohne birds to them, their behaviour indicated a fondness for siich food. Captain Cook had brougjit two pigs ashore^ with a view to leave them in the woods ; but the instant these came within reach' of the sa- vages, they seized them, as a dog would have done, by the ears, and were, for carrying them ofFimme-1 diately 5 with no other intention, as could be per- ceived, but to kill theia. Being desirous of know- PACIFIC OCEAN. 85 I ing the use of the stick before mentioned, captani Cooky by signs, prevailed upon one of them to show hxm. This savage set up a piece oi wood as a mark, and threw at it, at a distance of about 20 yards. Oh repeated trials, however, he was always Vfide SgffOk from his object. Omai, to show them the superiority of our weapons, then iired his mus- uet at it, which alarmed them so much, that they ed into the woods with great precipitation. I Immediat;ely after they had retired, captain Cook Ordered the two pigs, oire a inale and the other tt female, to be carried about a mile within the woods, and^ he himself saw them lef^ there, taking Care that none of the natives should observe what was passing. He ajso intended to have left a young bull and a cow, besides some goats and sheep ; but he soon re- linquished that design ) bbing of opinion that the na- tives would destroy them 5 which he supposed would be the fate of the pigs, if they should chance to find th^m out. But as swine soon become wild, and are fond of being in the woods, it is probable that they were preserved . The other cattle could not have remained long concealed from the sa- vages, as they must have been put into an open place. We were prevented from sailing on the 29th by a dead calm, which continued the whole day. Cap- tain Cook, tl^erefote, sent |>,vr*:'es on shore to cut wood and grass, as usual^ tnd 1 5 accompanied the wooding party himself. So >n after our landing, about twenty of them joined us, one of whom was distinguished not only by his deformity, but by th^ drollery of his gesticulations, and the seeming hu- mour of his speeches, which, however^ we could r':jf^-'-' ify'^- \ i. / ■' 1 ' i ■' 1 '■ \ ■■•■(■ .fe > .■■■'.' •r' ,-. .•' ''■■( ■ r^ (''■<•/: '*?■ '■^■i^ :m.-:"' y^ "^^^ \^\^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) /. ^ % /i 7 .-l^ ::^- W^^ I.U US ■* I.I 1^ 1^ ^ US. 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^= ^ =^ M 6" ► 7 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation Z'-i WilST MAIN STKEET WtBSTER.N.Y 145"!0 (7::; a:-:-<'i03 (/a i6 A VOYAGE, to THE not understands Those whom wc iiow siiw difFered in some tespectf, particularly in the Ux^re of the hair, from the natives of the more northerly parts of this country, whom captain Cook met >rith in his first voyage. Some of our present cpipipany had a slip of the kangooroo skin round- their anc]es j and others wore round.their necks some small cord made of fiir. They .seemed not to value iron^ but were apparently pleased with the medals and beads that were^ven diem« They did not even appear to know the use <^ fisWhooks, though it is more than probable that they were acquainted with some method ofcatching fish; *> ^ ?*i. ' Their habitations were fittl^ ^dieds pr hovels built of sdcks, and covered with bark^ Evident signs appeared of their sometimes taking up their abode in the trunks oL large trees, which had been hollpwed out by fire ^-.^nd the marks pf fire near their habitaslons^ and near every heap of shells, were ' indubiuibie proofs that they did not eat their food raw.- : Captain Cook, on leaving the wooding party, went to ihe grass cutters, and having seen the boats loaded with hay^ returned on board. He had just quitted the shore, when several women and children appeared, and were introduced to lieutenant King, by the men who accompanied them. These females wore a kangooroo skin (in the shape as it came from the animal) tied over their shoulders^ and jx)und the warn. Its only use seemed to be, to sup^ port their children when carried on their backs ^ for it did not .cover tl^ose paits which mrdesty di- T^ts U9^ conceal V ^or bodies wisre bl^^k| and zM'''M-%$K. diiFered i of th^ If parts 3vith in any had ancles ; all cord ron^ but id beads I appear is more kth some r hovels Evident up their lad been fire near llsy were eir food party, le boats lad just ihildr^n It King, feniales it came rs^ and I, to sup- backs J lesty di- lck| and l»ACIFtC OCEAN. 87 mutktd like those of the men with scan. Somevof them had their hair completely shaved ; others on the one side only ; wMle the rest of them had all ^he upper part of the bead shorn close, having a 4itcle of hair all round, somiething like the tonsure ^f the Roman Ecclesiastics. Many of the children l^ad fine features^ and were thought pretty, but the women in ^neral vrere far from handsome. Some «f our gentlemen paid their addresses to them, ac* ^mpanied with lairge presents, which were rejected with great disdair* ; whether f^om a sense of virtue, 'Or fear of displipasm^' their men, is notr certain. That the husbands did not reltsb this gallantry, was clear, from their behaviour on the t)ceasion. Cap- tain GookV reflectioris 6n this cliciimstahce we shall give in his own words. * This conduct of the Euro- peans among savages, to their Women, is highly blameable; as it creates a jealousy in their men, that may be attended with fatal consequences, fatal to the success of the common enterprize, and to the. whole body of the adventurers, without advan«> cing the private purpose of the individual, or enab- £ng him to gain the object of his wishes. . I believe it has been generally found, among uncivilized peo- ple, that where the women are easy of access, the nen are the first to offer them to strangers ^ and that where that is not the case, neither the allurements' of presents, nor the opportunity of privacy, will be likely to have the desired effect. This observation, I am sure will hold good, through all the parts of the South Sea where I have been.* ' During our continuance in Vain Diemen^s Land we had either light airs- from the east, or calms r '■■'..- « a ,:.,.,- . - ^ ' '" H A VOYAGE TQ THE ^^'S^, •^ -we thefefore lost little or |)0 time by touching on tlus coaist. I^MS Jftnd wa« 4iscove^^^ Novem- ber 1^42^ by Tft^inaiiy yih^ ^ave it the naine 0/ Van P^eoaen^f ^^imI* P^P^si^ Fu^eauz toucheti at it in Mari:bv I7p« r/, It i% the southern point ^^ New-Hollam|f W^>^% 2* 1^9^ f^' thc^ large^it i^and » n the ki{own»woirldr4n4.ah^$t deservet the name>tpf ia |pot|tinent* T^JandU diversified with hills arid vallies and well woQdei|. tThe only wind to which AdventuTA Bfy is exposed|; is the northeast : anjd^ upon the whqlei this^ may be considered as a vt 9afe.rpad. . Its hiS^\idfS h,/^^^ %i' 20'' souths a]< Its longiti:^ I47f ;^^s^. . Ml And'ei^r surgeon of tk^ Resolution, en|u. floyed hinsfelf 4n e^^apinipg t^e country durin| IHlii: i|anuniia9C!9 ia Hii remark^ m^^ inhajtitants and their language, and his ac»> count of the ii^utr4{f^ti There is a b^^^^«andy beachr about two mije? long, ^t the bf^ttfiWof Adventure Bay, formed tjo all appeamiceby th^pafticle^ which the sea wasb^ irqnia fine iidute sj^)4•st^^ This beach is very ,|irell adapted. Jbr ]^a^ling a seine. £ehi|id it is i a ^plain^with abrackisblaJ^e^ out oft which we caugit b} angling sx^mff bream and trout. Thi^ parts ad* joining %hc bay are mostly hilly, and are an entire ^rest.oftall treps, rendered alinost impalpable by brakes of ferut shrubs, &c.^ The soil on the flat |andy and on ibe lower part of the hills, is sandy^ or consists of a yellowish earthy and in some parts >9f a radish piiiy ^1|>ut farther up the hills, it is of a grey ^ugh cast.. This country, upon the *\holc, bears many marks of being very dry, and the heat K'.. PAt:iFIC OCEAN. 89 appears to be ^reat. No inineral bodieSi nor stones of any other kind than the white ^nd^stone, were observed by us; nor could we find Hify vegetiibles that afparded sobsrstence for men* TW^rest trees are all of one kind, and generally qoite straight : they bear clusters of small white flowers. The principal plants we olbserved Were #dod«s6rf«lV milk-wort, cudweed, b^ll-fl<^^er) gladiolus^ sam- phire, ahd several kinds of f^ifn. The only qua- druped we. saw distinctly^ was a species of opossum^ about twice the size of a large rat. The kan* godroo, found father northward in New-HoUdiid, may also be suppoised to inhal^t here, Us some bf the inhabitants had pieces of ti^ ^n of that ani** ijjal, ■ / .i' ■ "^rhe principal sorts ol birds in the w^bbds are < browri hawks or eagles, crows, large pigeons^ yel* , lowish paroquets and a specif whicrh we called motaciila cyanea^ itom the beautiftilazi^e! colour of > its head and neck. On the shore were s^e^al gulls, black ouster catchers, or sea-pies, and plovers of a stone colour^ '■' / *.& ,i We observed 'in the woods some blackish snakes that were pretty large, and we killeda liz- ard which was about fifteen inches long and six round, very beautifully clouded with yellow and black. ^ * Among a variety of fisb we caught Sotne large rays, nurses, leather-jackets, bream^ soles, fioundcrs, gurnards, and elephant-fish \ besides a sort which we did not t^cpUect to have seen before, and which. partakes of the nature both of a round and a flat fish. Upon the rocks are muscles and oUier shell- fish \ and upon the beach we found some pretty Me^ . »3 , go A yOYAaE TO THE dusaV h«i4»#!i The most trouhlesomc bsects we m€t wjt^«.wec^t|ihf»{«»»9quUoeSy.an4 a large black aiit, liHoiii^bitN^Joftil^tf ei(treiiie pain* The inkirtHilimsjp«(l9c4 ^14 aii^^^ t^ith llttk 0f llia9^]y)414 f^^t^Tang^ ^l^^ $4vag«s in gene- rat bavc. ,T tatajly dw>»4 on . tbi^O!CCa^«»i )Mga 4mH by the fide that projects. ^ ^ . Nf«v :^kp. rihore in t^ie bay, we observ^Jd some w^tcjipd ^(Moi^rttftjipflii 9f /Sticks c^onrcd with bark ^ PACiriC OCEAN. 91. but these seemed to have been only, temppraty^ and they had converted many of their largest trees into more comfortable and commodious habitations. This trunks, of these were hollowed out, to the h^ght of lix or seven f«et« by mtftni.of fire. That they sometimes dwell in themt was manifest from^ their hearths in the- middle mad^ of clay^ round which fo!»ror ^ves peisoos might mt. These places of shelter lire rei^dered durabl^fbythci'' living Qn< side of the tree sound, so that it continues growing W« who' ir4ial»t th^; northern parts of New-Holknd, seems ei^identi Though they diiFer in many respect.% their Jisstmi<* larity m^y ^ reasonably ;4Ccqun%ed ^for, from the uni^fd con^iderattons of distftnee .of place, l«^gth of time, total sep^ation^ and diversity of. cUw pa|e» .. .', ■:>"■,.'-.■ '■■ i " .> .., ' , ■ ' -■ ■■14 I As the inhabitants of Newr Holland se thing very pecdltar lin them j for they greatly re« sembli^ the sav^ge^of the islands of Tanna andMal-^ licolla. There is even some reason for supposing thi^ they,n)|iy originally have come from the saine pla^ wi«(h ali tb6 .natives of t&e Pacifiq Ooeati : lor^ of ^u;t ten. words which Vfc &ufid means to get frotn thf Pif th at mkiek is lised to express roUf is very similar 10^ that of New-Zealand and Qtahette ^ CIks fi*st being rmilareedf^ the sepond makka^reedey and 'ibifk^^i^mtCreede. The remainder of our pcan« ty jiK)cabulary of Van Biemein^s X48nd 'is as follows, viz, ■ ■ . ■ ■ ■ ■ . :t ^ 92 A VQYAOE TO THE Quadne, < awom^nJ Eve'rai, the eye, Muidje, thetfoxe:, Ka'tny, ^ the teeth ^mo/tith^ or tongue, L^WVennc, a sfMll bird ^Ivoing in the vioods here, Koy'gec, • • the ear^ Tecgera,; to eat ^ ' elevated scars on thle body, ' I wiii gOf or I must begone. Toga*rago, It will probably be found, upon a diltgeht-inquiry, and an accurate tomparison drawn from the afiini!^ ty o£ languages^that all the people from Mew-Hol« land, eastward to Eastier Island, are of the same extracdon* ' ■'^■■m'.-.--^-^- v On the 3Qth4f January, in the morning, we weighed anchor with a light westerly breeze, from Adventure Bay. Soon after ive had pUtto sea, the wind became southerly, and produced a perfect storm y but veering in the evenutg to the east and ncnrtheast^ its fury began to abate. This Wind was attended with an almdst intolerable heat, which, however/ was of so short a continuance, that some ofonrcoonpany did not perceive it. In the night, between the 6th and yth of Febru- ary, 6ne of the Discovery's maiines fell overboard and was drowned. On thk loth^ in the afternoon, we descried the coast of New -Zealand, at the distance of about eight ^r nine leagues. We then steered for Cape Farewell, and afterwards for Stephen*^ Is- land^; and in the morning- of the 1 2th) anchored in Ship Cove, iQueen Charlotte's Sound. We soon after landed many empty water casks, and cleared PACmC OCEAN. 93 /j here. nquiry, w-Hol-. e same ng, we e, from ;eajthe perfect »st and nd was ivbich, It some Febru- board rnooHt Utance ttcered nVIs- »red in e soon leaped a pl^ce for two pbsf rvatoriei. In the mean time several canoes came along- side ,qf our hhips } but vcryifew of.tbo9e who wi^ein them would venture on bpard. ,Thi| shyness ^ppfar^dthf n^re extra- ordinarywaa captain. Cook wa^ well known to all of them i and .ais one m&nr in particulj^r, ^mong the pre- sent gcoU)P» had been tinted. by hin^ with di9tin« l^isljedjkindfiess during a formeir voyage* Thb xnan^ how^ireir, could not by any. m^apslse prevail- ed ou to come on boiird^ We could only account for thisfeserv^ by, sup^iosing^ that they w^^e appre- hensiye of our revenging the death of Captain ,^ur- neaux^s people wjMpfaad bpen kiUed here, But upon captilin Cook's assuring tfa^m of the cpntinuance of his friendship^iuid thfiX he shoojd not molest tjiem ofidiat acf;^ntr|hey, sppn laid asiide^ all appearance o^suspicion anddistrust* The next day we pished two tents, and erec^4 ^^^ observatories, in which Messrs King and, Bailey fann^diately commenced their , astronomical operations* Two ofr our men ippere employed in bre^ng. spruce beer^rVirhile others filled, the water cajsks, collected grass for the cattle, and cut woo^. Those who remaned on board were occupiea inrepairing^the rigging, aiid perform* ing the necessary d^ty of; the ships. * A; ffuard of marines was appointed fcfr the protectioii of the dif- ferent parties on shore, ai>4 arms were given to all the workmen, to repel all attacks from the natives if they h^d been inclined to molest us ^ but this did not appear to be the case. Dunng the course ofv this day, many families came from various pai:ts 9f the coast, and erected their huts close to our encampment^ The facility 94 A VOYAGE TO THE with which ^hey build these temporary habitations is remarkable. They have been seen to erect above twenty o£ them on a spot of ground, whic^h was covered with plants and shnsbi not ajti hour before* Captun G>ok was present when a number of sava- ges landed, and buitt a village of this Itind. They had no sooner leaped from the canoes, than they tore up the shrubs and plants from the ground th«y had fixed upout or put up some part of the framing of abut/ While the itien were thus employed, the women took care of the canoe$, secured the provisions and utensils, and fathered dry sticks, tp serve as mftterials for a fire. These huts arif sufi?- ciently calculated for afbrding* shaker from the rain and wind. The same tribe or ^mily, how> ever large, genei'ally associate and build together *, so that their towns and villages arettsually' divided by palisades into separate districts. We received conside/ablc advantage from the natives coming to live with us j for, every day, . som« of them were occupied rn catching fish, a good share of which t^c generally procured by exchanges. B-'^sides fish^ we had other refreshmeats in abun- dance. Scurvy -grass, celery, and portable soup, iivere boiled every day with the wheat and pease 5 sind we had spruce beer for our drinks Such a regi- men soon Removed all seeds of the scurvy from our people, if any of them had contracted it. But in- deed, on: oyr arrival here, we had only two invalids in both ships. We were pccasionally visited by other natives, besides those who lived close to us. Their, articles of traffic were fish, Curiosities j and women; the two firs;: of which were speedily disponed of, bi)t the itatidns t above icih was before* nf'sava- Thcy in they nd th«y Framitig iplpyed, Ted the icks, xp irif wiffi- om the 1^, how* igether ; I divided 'bm the iry day, a good ihanges. abun- soup, pease *, a regi- om our But in- invalids latives, I articles the two mt the PACIFIC OCEAN. 95 1 e latter did not cotiie to a good market, as our crew had conceived a dislike to then* Captain Cook g of the i6th, t.he captains ■"""•^^"•"7^'^^ mmmmmm^ wmmmmm tmm 96 A VOYAGE TO THE Cook and Gierke, and several of the ofBceri aiid sailors, accompanied by Ofnai and tw6 NeW^2iea- landers, set out^ in &irt biMtfiy to collect 'fodd^ iqt the cattle. Haying proceeded about tbrnr kaouel up the Soundy they landed on the ea^t lidei where they cat a sufficient quantity of grasa" td Idii the two launches. On theif return down the Sound, they paid a visit to Gra$8 Cove, the place Where captain Fumentix^s people had been massacved. They here me', with captain Cook's* old friend Pe- dro^ who Is ixientioned by him in the history df his second voyage. He, ami andither New-Zealai^deil received them on the beach, armed with the spear and ipatoo,, though notwithout manifitfst^l^s of fear. Their apprehensions, hoWe ver, were quickly d issi- pated by a few presents, whiclr brought do^ri to the shore two or three othjers of the fai'^ily. ^ During the continuance of our party at th\s fulace, the' commodore being desirous of inquiring into the particular circumstances relative to the massacne of our country men^ fixed upon Otnai as an interpreter for that purpose, as his language was a^ dialect of ^bat of New-Zealand. Pedro, and the other natives wh6 were present) none of whom had been' coft- cerned in that unfortunate transaction, ans^'ered eye ry question without reserve. Their information imported, that while our people Were at dinner, some of the natives stole, or snatched from' them, sothe fish and bread, for which offence they receiv- ed some blows : a quarrel immediately ensued, and |wo of the savages were shot dead, by the only two musqiiefs that 'were fired y for, before a third was discharged, the natives rushed furiously upon our people, andbeing superior in number, de^firoyfd PACIFIC OCEAN. 97 them all; Pedro and hi; cojinpanfons also pointed out the very spot where thn fracas happened, and* the place where the boat lay* in which a black ser* vant of captain Furneaux had be^n left to take care of It, ' . According to another account, this negro was the occasion of the quarrel \ for one of the natives (t^aling something out of the boat, the black ga\e him a violent blow with a stlek. His countrymen hearing lis cries, at some distance, imagined he was killed, and inunedtately attacked our people, who, before they could reach the boat^ or prepare themselves against *the unexpected assault, fell a saciilice to the fury of the exasperated savages* It is probable* both these accoiints were true ; m it is natural to supp >' '^ that while sojme of the na^* tives were stea?mg fiom the man who had been leCt in the boat, others qf them might be taking the same liberty witl^ the property of our people who were on shore. But all agree that there was no piemeditated plan of bloodshed \ and that if the thefts hao not been too hastily resented, no misf f^ chief would have happened. ^jj' With regard to the boat, sonJ« said, that it had been pulled to pieces and burnt ; while others as- set ted« that it had been carried off by a party of strangers. ^^ . Our party continued at Grass Cove till the even- ing, and then embarked to return ta the ship»« They had scarcely left the shore, when the wind b^gan to blow violently at northwest, so that it was not without great difBculty th«t they could reach , the ships, where some of the boats did not arrive tll^ the next morning ; and itr was very fortunate ■/ '»A•^'1 ■<.» ^ ■■■I mmm 98 A VOYAGE TO THE that they got on board then, for socn afterwards a perfect storm arose. Towards the evening, how- ever, the wind va^nn^ to the east, brought on> fair weather. On Tuesday the 1 8th Pedro ^nd his whole family came to reside near us. The proper r.ame of this chief was Matahouah ) but some of captain Cook^s people had given him t^e appellation of Pedro in a former voyage. On the ^oth we had another storm, of less duration than the former, but more violent ; in consequence of which,* both oar ships struck thesr yards and top-masts. These tempests are frequent here j and the nearer th^ shore, , the more sensible are their effects. I On Friday the 21st, a tribe or family of about thirty persons came from the upper part of the Sound to visit us. Their chief was named Toma- 'tongeauooranuc : he was about, the age of forty-live, and had a frank, chearful countenance ; and, indeed, the rest of his tribe were, upon the whole, the hand- somest of all the New-Zealanders that captain Cook had ever seen. By this time upwards of two-thirds of the natives of Oueen Charlotte's Sound had set- tied near us, numbers of whom daily resorted to the ships, and our encampment on shore ^ but the latter was most frequented, during the time when our people there were making seal blubber j for the savages were so fond of train oil, that they relished the very dregs of the casks, and skimmings of the Kettle ^ and considered the pure stinking oil as a most delightful feasr^ When we had procured a competent supplyof hay , wood, and water, we struck our tents, and the next morning, which was the 24th, weighed out of the Cove. But the wind not being so fair as we could have wished, we were obliged to cast ahchcr again rwards r, how- ou> fair ind his proper arae of sllatiort oth we former, i; both These rer thi : about of the Toma- ty-fivf, indeed, 6hand- n Gook >.thirds lad set- 1 to the ut the ! when for the elishcd pf the Dit as a ofhay, ie next of the i could r again r. PACIFIC OCEAN. 99 near the Isle of Motuara. While we were gettingunder sail , romatongeauooranuc, Matahouah, and many of the natives, 'catne to take take leave of us.* These two chiefs having requested captain Cook to pre- sent them with some hogs and goats^ he gave to Tomatongeauooranuc tivo pigs, a boar and a sow j iind to Matahouah two goats/ a male and female, srfter they had promised not to destroy them. As for the animals, which captain Fumeaux had left here, captain Cook \yas now told that they were all dead ^ but he was afterwards informed, by the two New- Zealand youths wlho went away with us, that Tiratou, a popular chief, had^in kii possession many cocks and hens, besides a sow; Before we had been long at anckoi' near Motu- ara, several canoes, filled with natives, came toward us, and we carried on a brisk trade with them for^ the curiosities of this place. In one of these ea* noes was Kahoora, whon^ Omai immediately point- ^ ed out to captaiti Cookj and solicited him to shoot that chief: he also threatened to be himself his exe- cutioner, if he shoi^ld ever presume to pay us ano- ther visit. These menaces of Omai had so little inHuence upon Kahoora, that he returned to us the next morning, accompanied with his whole family. Omai, having obtained captain Cook's permir .on to ask him to come on bdard, introduced him inta the cabin, saying, * Theie is Kahoora, dispatch him.* Butv fearing perhaps that he should be called upon to put his former threats in execution, he instantly retired. Hesoon, however, returned^ and perceiv- ing that the chief was unhurt, he earnestly remon- jstrated to captain Cook on the subject, saying, that if U xnan killed a^^other in England, he was hanged - ■ ■ ' -.^f:^:'^' ■■■■ ' I ^ . . . ioo A VOYAGE TO TH^ for It 'f but that Kahoorahad killed ten, and there* fore justly deiierved death. These arguments^ how" over plausible^ had no weight with our commodore, who desired Omaitto ask the Nfw.Zealatid chief, why he had destroyed captain Fumeaux^s people > Kahoopa, confounded, at tfai^ question, hung down his head, folded hii arms, and seemed in expecta- tion of immediate death: but, as soon as he was assured of saBcty, he became chearful. . . He apfiear' ed, however, unwillingto answer the question which had been pu^ to him, tili «fter repeated promises, that no violence should be biBFered htai» ; He then '| ventured to^ inferm us, 'diat one of the natives hav^ ing brought a stone hatehet for the purpose of traf- fic, the person to' whom |t was Joffei«d took it, and refused either to return tt| or gtv^ aiiy thing in ex* change ^ upon which the bwncr iif ;tt serzed some bcead by way of ah equivvknt j tand this gave rise to the quarrel that ensued. He aho mentioned, that he himself^ during the disturbance, had a nar« row escape^ for a musqueit wak kvelled at him, which he found means to avoid by skulking behind the boat ^ and anotherinan,- who happened to stand <^lo8e to him^ was shot dead : upon which Kahoora attacked Mr Rowe^ the officer who commanded the paity, who defended himself with his hanger ,^ with which he gave the chief a wound in the arm^ till he was overpowered by superioriy cf numbers^ Mr Burney, whom captain Furneaux dispatched next day with an armed party in search of his people who were missing, had, upon discovering the me- lancholy proofs of this catastrophe, fired several vol- lies ampng the natives who wire still on the spot, and were probably partaking of the horrid banqu^tt of human Hesh. It was reasonable to suppose that PACIFIC OCEAN. lOX this filing was not ineffectual j but upoh inquiry, it appeared, t)iat« not a single person bad been killed 0t €ven burt/ by the shot whicb Mr Burney^s peo« pie Had discharged.: i' . Most of the native$ we bad >met with, expected that captain Cook would take vengeance on Ka- boora* for bis concern in the massacre 3 and maiiy of them not only wisl^ it,: but testified their surprise at the captain's forbeara&ice and / moderation. As the chief must have known this, it was a matter of astbnisbmeht that he so often put bimjself ii> the power of our commodore* His two last visits, in particular, were under such" circumstances, that be could not have flattered himself -with a prospect of escaping, bad the captain been inclined to detain him : and yet, when his first flars, on being ques- tioned, bad subsided^ so far. was be fi'om entertain- ing uneasy sensations, that,on seeing in the cabiB a portrait of a New^Zealander, be desired that bis own likeness might be taken, and sat till Mr Web- ber had finished hia portrait, without the smallest (ok«^n of impatience. Captain Cook admired his court ^Ci and was pleased with the confidence which he rep s^d in him ^ for he placed his whole safety in the u iform declarations of the captain,.that he had always been a friend to the natives, and would continue in the same sentiinehts till they gave him reason to behave otherwise : that be should think no more of their barbarous treatment of bis country- men, as that transaction had happened long ago j but that if they should ever venture to make a se- cond attempt of that kind, they might rest assured pf meeting w;tb an adequate? punishment. i 3cfpre our arrival in New-Zealand. Omai had \ I02 A "^OVAOE Ta THE expressed A desire of taking one of the nntjves with lum to fak own country • He Bo^n hadt^n oppor- tunity cff gvatifyHighift tndk^ation, for a. youtli na- med Tftweiharooav the only son of a deceased chief, offered to a4^0inpany ytby^and^tbok up hl from some otherj tribe, whicli they are ever eager 'to revenge : and it is iki': improbabky that the destine' of a; gqod mi^al is frequently a - gt^ ^ inf this 1 bears rlottc's d ini- which strike a rope ten it, s it is that it )osited i$l?ke PXCIF16 dcEANi 103 or ijcallcd by the inhabitants Twoai foenammoo^ the water of green talc. . Th^ New»ZealBnder$ hatre adopted polygamy among them ^ and it is common for one inan to have two or three wives- The wom^ arc ripfc ior mar- riage at an early af^e j ^nd'thcMte who are unmar- ried^ find difiiculfy in procuring subsistence. These people seem perfectly cpntented \vith thif small degree of knowledge th^y j^ossess, for they make no attempts to improve it. They are not remarkably curious, nor db.new objects strike theni ^th much surprise* for they sicarce fik their atten* tion for a moment. Omai» indeed, being a great favourite with then>> would sometimes attract a pr- ole about him^ but the^f listened to hi^ speeches with very little eagerne^« On our enquiring of Taweiharooa, ho# itnany ships, resembling ours, had ever arrived in Queen Charlotte's Sounds or ia its neighbourhood^ ^ gave us an account of one entirely unknown to usi This vessel, be said, had put into a'harbour on the northwest coast of Teer- awitte, a lifW years before captain Cook arrived in the Sound in the Endeavour. He further informed us, that the captain of her^ duting h?s continuance here, had cohabited with a female of \ht country^ who had born him a son that wa^ still living. He also mentioned, that this 5ihip first introduced the venereal disease among the natives of New-2^aland« This dreadful disorder is no\^ but too common among them. The only method they put in prsLC^ tice as a remedy, is to give the patient the use of a kind of hot bath, produced by the steam of cer- tain green plants pliced over hot stones. Taweiharooa's intelligence induced tis to believe^ ^mm^mmmfmmim io6 A VOYAGE TO THE ■S^'-.' that a ship Had really been at Teerawii had formerly heacd^ for, towards the latter end of 1773, some of th^ natives informed him of a ship^s haying put in- to a port on the coast of Teerawitte. We* had another piece of information from Ta- IKreiharOoa, importing that there are here snakes ^nd lizards of an jfcnormous size.- The latter were described by i\ra as being eight feet long, and equal to a nian^s bodjr in circumference. He said \ that they burrow in the ground) that they some- ^ times seize and devour men, and are killed by mak- ing 6i?es at the mouths of their •holes. We could not misuinderstand him with respect to the^animal^ for, in, order to show us what he meant, he drew with his own hand, very good representations of a Hazard and snakj ori a piece of paper* ^ The longitude of Ship Gove by lunar observa- tions, is 174*^ 25/ 15/^ east 5 its latitude 41** 6* south. ■ ;• • :>^:--.\.:k. : ' m>^ ' T'^ough much has been said concerning this cot^ntry and its inhabitants, in the accounts of cap- tain Cook's two former voyages, yet the remarks ot Mt Anderson, being the result of accurate observa- tions, must not be considered as altogether superr tliiijus. "They are as follow : u About Queen Charlotte'*s Sound the land is ufi- commonly mountainous, rising immediately from the sea into large hilts. At remote distances are vallies, terminating each towards the $ea in a small .cove« with a pebbly or sandy beach, behind iffhich are flat places, where the natives usually build their huis. This situation is the, more convenient, as^a PACIFIC OCEAN. 107 CV10U8 , HS it rmcrly jme of }Ut in< iflTa- snakes r were ?» and te said \ 7 mak- could licnal^ 5 drew s of a serva- |l** 6' g this f cap' rks ot iserva- super- is un- ' from es are small if^liich I their brook of finewater runs tbrougb every cove, and empties itself into the sea. The bases of these mountains, tpwari^.s the shore^ are constituted of a brittle yellowish sandy stone, which 9ace, may shoot as many in a day as -would serve seven or eight persons. The principal kinds- ar^ large brown parrots, with grey heads, green parro(]^uetSy large tvood-pigeons, and two sorts o|. cuckoos. A grossrbeak, about uie siz^ of a th|^l« tOL.1. ■<•.'..,-'" ■■ ■ r ' <'■ "v" 'M ■^-Tf" ttb A VOYAGE TO THE is ffequent ^ as is also a small green' bii^d, wtiick s almost the only musical one to be found liere ^ but his melody is so sweet, i^nd hi$ notes sp varied, that' any one would intagiiic hiniself surrounde4 by la hundred dlfFer^t sorts of birds^ wh^n the little warbler is exerting himself. From this circumstance it was named the mocking-bird. There are^so thfee or four sorts of smaller birds, and, amorfg the rodks are fbund'black sea-pies with red bills, and trest- ed shags of a leaden colour* About the shore^th^re arc a itw sea gulls, some blue herons, wild ducks,^ .{iloverSj and some sand-larks. A snipe Wa^shoti here, Which differs but little from that of £u« Most of the fish we caught by the seine' were elephant-fish, mullets, soles, and flounders ^ but the natives supplied us with a sort of sea-bream, liirge conger^elsy and a fish of five or siic pounds weight, called a mogge by the natives. With a hook and line we caught a blackish fish, called cole-fish by the seamen, but differing greatly from that of the same name in Europe. We also got a sort of small salmon, skate, gun^ards, and nurses. The natives sometimes furnished us with hake, paracutas, parrot-fish, a sort of mackarely and leather-j^tkets *, beside another, which is extremely scarce, 6f the fi- gure of a dolphin, a black coloury an^ strong^bny jaws. These, in general, are exciellent to eat; biit the small salmoU, cole-fish, and mogge, are Supe* ^ior to the others. Great quantities of excellent l^uscles inhabit atpong the rocks ^ one koxt of whieh .(exceeds a foot in length. Manydbckles m found .juried hi the feand of'the small beadaes ; alldy in Wi^ places) Dystcfi^i#hicbtth6iigh vtry smelly have jc'X I >• PACIFIC OCKAN. Ill .r* Rrhick i Ticrc J varied, de4 by te little nstance re ^so >iig the id Crest- :e, there 'ducks^ vas shot^ of Eu. le ' wcM but the n, large weight, a hook :o1e-iish that of sort of The racutas, ^tkets *, ►fthefi- ig ^)bny lat ; biit re iHpe* cellent f which found alld, in illjiavc in excellent flavour. There are also peitwinkleii HmpetSi vitlkif sea-eggs, star-fish, and some beauti- ful sea-cars, many of vniich are peculiar to the place. The natives also furnished us with sone excellent cray-fish. Insects here are not very numerous : we saw some butterfUeSy two sort^ <^f dragon-fiies, sotoe ^all grasshoppers, seyeral. sorts orspiderS) some black ants, and scorpion-flies innumerable^ with whose chirping the woods resounded, l^l^e sandv Ay, which is the; only noxious one, is verv numerous llpre, and is almost as disagreeable as t^ musqui* tie, Tbc only reptiles we V„c' 'v.. straight and well proportioned, i^ probably the oc- casion of the want of due proportion. Many of them, indeed, are perfectly formed, and some are very large-boned and muscular^ but very few among them were corpulent. -i^i.^^^^.^^,/-: Their features are various, some resembling Eu- ropeans, and their polour is of different casts, from ai deepish black to an olive or yellowish tinge. In general^ however, their faces are round, their lips rather full, and their noses, (though not flat) large towards the point. An aquiline nose was not to be seen among them : their eyes are large, and their teeth are commonly broad, white, and regular. The haio in general, is black, strong and straight ; it is commonly cut short on the hinder part^ and the rest tied on the crown of the head. Some, indeed, have brown hair, and others a sort that is naturally disposed to curi. The countenance of the young is generally free and open 5 but, in many of the men, it has a serious or sullen cast. The men are larger than the women j and the latter are not dis- tinguished by peculiar graces either of form or fea- tures. •.. ... '■^ '•'-'■• '-.--V''^^':. ■ -\n^''' ....:':.:., , .; . Both sexes are clouied alike ; they have a gar- Inent made of silky flax already mentioned, about iive feet in length, and four in breadth. This ap- pears to be their principal manufacture, which is performed by knotting. Two corners of this gar- ment pass over the shoulders, and they fasten it on the breast with that which covers the body : it is ■•' ->i>'-, FAqiFIC OCEAN, ..i'^ A-?..'>'- •*!>!"^ ^^3 The most, cpxrmon covering, however, is a quanti ty of the sedgy plant ibove mentioned, l^adly ma* * nu&ctured, ihistened to a string, and thrown over * ^he sboulders whence it falls down on all sides to^ the nudcile of tte thighs. Wh^n they sat down in this habtt^ tl^ey could hardly be distinguished from large grey stones, if their b%k ^4<3l4,,* not pjroject beyond their covcnngSv ' - ^ ^ - They adorn their heads with feathers, combs of^ of bone or wood, witli pearl shell, and the inner ' |>kin of leaves. Moth men and women have their ; t^xs slit, in whicli are hung beads, pieces of jasper^; > or bits of cloth. Some have the sceptum of the: ' nose bored in its lower part» but we never saw any ornament wor^ 19 that part j (hough a twig was passed through it by one of them, to show that i| was occasionalljT used for that purpose. Many are stained in the face with curious figures of a black or dark blue colour ; but it is not cer- tain whether this is intended to be ornament;|]» or as a mark of* particular distinction : the women are noiarked only on their lips and chins ; and both sexes besmear their heads and laces with a greasy red? dish paint. The women abo wear necklaces of shark^s teeth, or bunches of long beads ^ and a few. of them have small triangular aprons, adorned with feathers or pieces of pearl shells, fastened about the waist with a double or treble set of cords, ; They live in the small coves already nientioned, sometimes in single fan^ilies and sometimes- in comi. panics of perhaps forty or fifty. Their huts, which, are in general most miserable lodging places, are built contiguous to each other. The best we saw was built in the maxiuer of one of our country barnsi^ ■'If'- i a ■'■i: Hi ii 114 A VOYAGE TO THE anil was about six feet in helcKt, £ftcen in'l^readth, and thirty -three in Jetigth. IThe insijde wdii strbng and regular^ wielt fastened by means of withes, &c. and painted red and black. At one end it had a hole serving as a door to creep out at, and another considerably smaller, seemingly for the purpose ot lettihg^out the smoke. Thisj however, ought to be considered as one of thei^r palaces, for many of their huts are not of half the size, and seldom ^ more than four feet in height. ' They have no other furniture than a few small ^ bags or baskets, in which they depositc their fishing hooks and other trifles. They sit down in the mid- dle round a small fire^ and probably sleep in the same situation, without any other^ covering than what they liave worn in the day. Fishing is their principal support, in which they use different kinds of nets, or wooden fish-hooks pomted with bone j but made in so extra' rdinary a mamUr, that it appears astonishing how they can answer such a purpose. Their boats consist of planks raised upon each other, and fastened with strong withes. Many of themi are fifty feet long. Sometimes they fasten two together with rafters, which we call a double canoe : they frequently carry upwards of thirty men, and have a large head, ingenioilsly carved and painted, which seems intended to represent a man enraged. Their paddles are narrow, pointed, and about five feet lonsr. Their sail, which '? very little used, is a mat forn^ed into a triangular shape. They dress their fish by roasting, or rather bak- ing them, being cAtirely ignorant of the art of boil* jj%j,.«*,^:4 i^.-. »m^i^ »t-. im When the weather will not suffer them to go to sedy muscles and sea-ears supply the place of other fish. Sometimes, but not often, they kill a few penguins, rails, and shags, which enable them to vary their diet. ^Considerable numbers of their dogs p[re also bred for food 4 but they depend principal- ly on the sea for their subsistence, by which they are^most bountifully supplied. They are as filthy in their feeding as in their persons, which often emit a very offensive effluvia, from the quantity of grease about them, and from their never washing their clothes : th<|| head.f ^iJ^f^r sex^ of tHe age oJ[ nii^e 91" t!en years, able tjo iipitate^'tbej^gl)^^^ tions afta. gestures of the men» They alii> sing, and with some degree of melpdyy the tradjtiions and jicj^lpps of their fpre-fathers, with which they are immoderately delighte;d, and pass much of their time in these amusements, accompanied $Q|netiines ^ith a kind of flute. ; ' r v ^ : Their language is neither harsj; nor disagreeable. Whatever q^ualities are requisite to make a language musjical, obtain tQ a considerable degrjee in this, if we may judge frora the nielody of thM|| songs. It is not, indeed, so compwhensive as o^Europea^ lan- guages, which owe their perfection to Jong and gra. dual improvement. .'.1 ^ must be and yet manner nen and iriend^, 'y af the eks and till the r tears. I figure, lorial o( pertprm j?>3^> at •■»N - liPrbad^ teid inj 0ns and V O Y A G E are of tlieir ! ; I':. . . f I- teeable. liOguage isyif>ve It is eai^lan- H(i jr a- , \ to THiR tk'fertrc bclAN. 'BOOK 11. CONTENTS. S^havibiir of the two Wew-iKealand Youth|---'The Islaindof IMaagdea^kh its InhaViunts described— Visit and beha- viour of Mour6oar---Di8po8ition and Mannen of the Man- , gee^ns— Wat!B€op discovered-*Mess. Gore, Bumey, and .:. Anderson, with Oniai, sent;, oh shore — -Account of their , reception— >Omai's meeting and aftonishing adventure widi his C6untryme^--i^Remark8 concerning Wateeoo— De- parture from it-^Otakbotaia or Wenooa^tte visited—- Singularity in the native^ of Hervey^s Island—Submarine 0rotto at Pahnerston's Island — ^Arrival at the Friendly Isles — ^Ami^ble character of the Natives — Propensity to thieving—pf their person*— Transactions whh them— Expedient to pt^veht theii' depredations— Opinions of the Islanders of a Volcano—- Entertainments exhibited by the , English and Natives — Mode of Shaving, &c.-— Visit of Poulaho, the Kibg*—Poulabo's itianiniate Viceroy— Offer- ing to deprecate death— Mpurnin^ Ceremonies — Senti- ments concerning jthe Soul— ^JFuture State-^Thdr Lan- guage, &c. &c. # IN the morning of the a^tli of FtbtTiary wc left the Sound, and made sail through Cook's Stnitts. On the zjkh^ C^]^ Paliiser, beadtig we»t 120. A VOtAGE TO THE about seven leagues distant^ we had a fine gale, and steered towards the northeast. . As soon as we had lost sight of land, our two young New-Zealanders heartily repented of the adventurous step they had taken. Though we endeavoured as far as Uy in our power to soothe them, they wept, both in pub- IJG and private ^ and gave vent to their sorrows in a kind of song, which seemed to express their praises of their country and people, from which they were now, in all probability, to be forever separat- ed. They continued in this state^for several days, till, at length, the agitation of their minds began tl) subside, and their sea-sickness, which had aggra^ vated their grief, wore off. Their lamentations then became less frequent^ their native country, their kindred and friends, were grad^Uy forgotten, and they appeared to be firmly attached to us. - On the 28th at noon, 1>eing in the latitude of 41® 17/ south, and in the longitude of 177** 17' east, we taqktd about, and stood to the southeast, with a gentle breeze at east-northeast, which af- terWards veered to northeast, in which point the wind remained two days^ sometimes blowing a fresh gale with squalls and r^iti. Oh the 2d of March it shifted to northwest, and afterwards to southwest, between which point a^d ^he north it continued to blov^, sometimes very moderately, and at others a strong gale. With this wind we steered northeast by east and east, wit^ all the sail we could carry, tilt Tuesday the nth, when it veered to northeast and southeast ^ we then stood tp the north and the south- east, as the wind would permit^ till the i6tt^; when, having a gale from the north, we stood to the east. The nstt day we proceeded tQ the northeast^ buti a$ I PACIFIC OCEAN. J2I the wind frequently veered td east and cast north « east, we often made no better than a northerly course. The hopes, however, of the wrid coming more southerly, or from the westward, a little with- 4>ut the tropic of Capricorn^ encouraged the commo- dore to keep this course. It was indeed necessary that we should run all hazards, as our proceeding to the north this summer, in prosecution of the prin- cipal object of the expedition, entirely depended on our having a q^ick passage to Otaheite^ or the Society Isles. We crossed the Tropic on the 27th, the wind« for a considerable time before, having remained al- most invariably fixed at east southeast. In all this run we observed nothing that could induce us to suppose we had sailed near any laud, except occa- sionally a tropic bird. In the latitude of 34^ 20' longitude 199", we passed the trunk of a tree, which appeared much weather-beaten, and wp: co- vered with barnacles. On the 29th, as we were standing to the northeast, the Discovery made the signal of seeing land. We soon found it to be a small island, and stood for it till the evenings when it was at the distance of two or three leagues. The next morning, 3^ day-break, we bore up^for the west side>of the island, and saw several people wad- ing to the ;eef, where, as they observed the ship leaving them quickly, they remained. But others, who soon appeared, followed ber course ; and some of them assembled in small bodies, making great shouts. • • ^^-%^l#;*- ■'«?'■-;?■ . ' Upon our nearer approach to the shore, we saw many of the natives running along the beach, and, by the assistance of pur glasses, could perceive that they ivere armed with long spears and clubsj^ which "^■^^^Tf"^ U 111 A VOYlAitoE TO TlIE diey brandished hi the atr with si^s of tHreateningy or, a& some of us supposed, with invitations to land. Most of them i^tte naked, e)ccept having a kind of girdle, which was braugHt np between their fhtghs) but some of them wore about their shouldert pieces of cloth of yarious Golourty white^ striped, br chequered ; and ^Imost^all 6f them had about their heads a white wrapper, in some degree resembling ^ turban. They were of a tawny Complexion , ro- bust, and about the middle size. At the same time a small canoe was launched from the farther end of the'beach ^ and, a man ^^etting into it, put off as Vvjth a view to reach the ship* On this the captain brought too, that he might receive the visit j but the man^s resolution failing, he soon returned towards the beach, where, after some time, another ihaiijoined him in the ca- noe^ and then they both paddled towards the ship. They stopt short, however, as if afraid to approach, until Omai, who addressed them in the Otaheite lan- guage, in somie measure quieted their appreberrsiont. They then came near enough to take some beads and nails, which were tied to a,^ piece of wood, and thrown' into the canoe. They seemed afraid to touch these things, and put'thepiece of wood asidr, Without untying them. This, however^ might arise ftom superstition J, for Omai said, that when they saw us offering them, present^, they asked some- thing for their Eatqoa^ or god. He alsf , perhaps Improperly, put the question to them, whether they ever eat any human flesh ? which they answered in the negative, with a mixture of indignation "and ab- horrence. One of them, whose name was Moiirooa, ^brin^ aslc^d htm he fi^mc bya scar on his forehead, >^,/'i(Y- PACmC OCEAN. 123 tnswered, tli^t it wa9 hi.cbnsquence of a wound he had got in fighting with, the people of an island which Ues toward;B the northeast, vfho sometimes came to Invade them* They afterwards took hold of 'a rope. Stilly however, they would not venture on board ^ but to\d Omai, that their countrymen had given thc^ia this caution^ a^ the fiame time direct- ing thesm to inquiry, whence the ship came, and the name of the captain^ Their chief, they said, V^as cailed Orooaeeka* Upon our inquiring the. hame of the island, they told us it was Mangya^ or Mangeea, to which, they, sometimes addend fiooCf naif naiwa, JMpiirooawaslu&ty^ but not very, tall; his fesr iij^es were lagreeal^k, aDd;his disppsitioa sfemingly no less 80 ^ for he madeLse¥:eral droll gesticulations, vkich indicat4:d both, goodi'nature, and a sljare o£ humour. He also made otherjs, which seemed* of a. sertxius kind^ and repeated: some wbrds wi^ a de- vout air, beforehe ventured .to lay hold of the rope; whiqh wa& probably to recommend himself to the protection of some divinity. His colour was year- ly of the same cast with that common to the more ^uthern Europeans. -The other man was notsa handsome. Both of them had itrong, straight ha^r, of a jet colour, tied together on the crawn of the! head with a bjt ot clotli. They wore girdles whicb were a substance made from the morus papyriferaj in the same manner as at the other islands in this ocean. It was glazed like tbe sort used by the na- tives at the Friendly Isljonds •, but the cloth on their heads i^^as white, like that which was found at Ota^ keite. They had on a kind of sandals, made of a grassy subst^ce-tnterwoiiren, and probably, intend* I t t i'i 124 A VOYAGE TO THE ed to defend their feet against the rough coral rock. Their beards were long ; and thie insidie of their arms, from the shoulders to the elbow, and some other parts, were punctured or tatooed^ after the manner of the natives of almost alt the other islands in the South Sea. The lobe of the ears was pierced, or rather slit, and to such a length, that one of them stuck there a knife and some beads, which had been given to them \ and the same person bad two po- lished pearl shells, and a bunch of human hair, loosely ttvisted, hanging about liis neck. The cai noe they came in was not above ten feet long, and ^ery narrow, but both strong and neatly made* The fore part had a flat board fastened over it, and projecting out to prevent the sea getting in or plung- ing. The lower part wa$ of white wood \ but the upper part was black, and their paddles were made of wood of the same colour \ these were broad at one cfndy arid blunted, and about three feet long. It had an upright stern, iivt feet high« which ter« minated at the top in a kind of fork. They pad- dled » indifferently, either end of the canoe for* ward. As L. ^n as the ships were in a proper station, captain Cook sent out two boatfi to endeavt)ur to find a convenient place for landing. In one of them he went himself, and had no sooner put off from the ship than the two men in the canoe paddled to- wards his boat \ and when they were come along side, Mourooa, without hesitationy stept into her. Omai,' who was with the captain,'was desired to in- quire of the islander where we could land^) upon ]ivhich he directed us to two places. But we soon observed/ with tegret, that the attempt at either 9AClfl9 ^EAN. .<^5 pls^9« waii i^pri^cMcal>lifi o^ upconni of tlie sutf^ un*, 1«5 sit thji risque aJf li%^5H\g OHr Vpats dcstipycii. No^: were wf aaor« $uc«^|^ul it^ our search (or anchor- :^e, a^vye coiild iiidm hpiP<^.ni tiU iyitl)in a 5:able*9 l«ng^l^ 9f ^^ br^cik^fjt, \yiierc w^ i^^% with froo^ forty, to t\vepty. f9^|;kQi|\fr depth, over sharp r^cl^s of coca^ . 'VV^bile n^e thus r^cpnuoUiped the shore of Manj- gcpa> the natives thronged down upon th^ reeff all armed. Mourooa, who still reinained in the bo9t lyith captain Cook, thinking, perhaps, that this iyatlike appearance detfiT^ed us from landings com- ijiandcd thcnj tp retire As many of thcn^ cppppji- edy we imagined that he was a person of some con? scqucnce : indeed, if we did not misundtrstand.hin(i, lie was brothef tp the \^ing pf the island. Several qf then), instig^^e4 by PUripsity, swam from the dspre to the bq^ts, ^nd c^tpe pn board them with- pi^t reserve. We C]K:et^ Jound spmc dilEculty in- keeping t))em qutj an^l f:puld scarce prevent their pilfering whatever they could lay their han^is up^oM* 4t length, when they pb^erved us Returning to the ships, they all Ifft ps ej(pept Mourooa, who, though npt without manifest indications of fear, accompa- nied the commodore on board the Resolution. The • pattle and other new objepts that he saw there did irot strike him witb niuch su^rprise *, his ipindy pcr« haps, being too much occupied about his civn safety^ I to allow him to ^ttepd to qther things. .He seemed tery ui;iea8y, and g^ye pf but little new intelligence j ^nd thei$forei ^fter he had pontinued a shojt time- Qn boardy captain Cppl^ p^-dered a boat to c^ary hitn I towards the lai)d. In l^is way dut of the Plbin» happening (o stui|ibl<^ ^vex one bf the go^Sf kP 1-3 126 -•;;/iU:'5 \ yi K-p'i^-:i A VOYAGE tbfHfe 1 «t> ■i: Stopped, looked < at t}ie animal, and asked Omai what bird it was j but not receiving an immediate answer from him^ he put the same question to some of the people who were upon deck. The boat hav- ing conveyed him near the surf, he leaped into the water, and swam ashore* His countrymen, eager to learn from him what he had seen, flocked round him as soon as he had landed ^ in which situation they remained, when we lost sight of them. We hoisted in the boat as soon as she returned, and made sail to the northward. Thus we were obli-i ged to leay^ this fine island unvisited, which seemed capable of supplying all our necessities. It is situ- ate in the longitude of 201^ jj3' cast, and in the latitude of 21* 57' southi^ *-* ^r: . ; - ? Those parts of the coast of Mangeea which fell under our observation, are guarded .by a reef of coriii rock, against which a heavy surf is continuallv breaking. The island is about five leagues in cir- cumferejce, and though of a moderate and pretty equal height^ may be seen in clear weather at the distance of ten leagues. In the interior parts it rise*? into small hills, whence there is an easy descent to the shore, which, in the southwest part, is ^teep, though not very high, and has several excavations made by the dashing of the waves against a brown- ish sandy stone, of which it consists. The descent here abounds with trees of a deep green, which seem to be all of one sort,, except nearest the shore, where we observed numbers of that species of ^^.\.'^.:..^...Ji:.^,^^4 The natives appearing to be both numerous and well fed, it is highly probable, that such articles of pirovision as the island produces are found in great abundance. Our friend Mouroca informed us, that they had no hogs nor dogs, though they had heard of both those animals ; but that they had plantains, taro, and bread-vruit. The only birds we observed, were some terns, noddies, white egg- birds, and one white heron, v..-- v i... The language of the Mangcesns is a dialect of that of Otaheitc *, but their pronunciation, is more guttural. They resemble the inhabitants of Qta- heite and the Marquesas in the beauty of their per- sons J and their general, dispdsition also seems to correspond wjth that of the first-mentioned people; for they are not only lively and chearful, but are acquainted with all the lascivious gesticulations practised by the Otaheiteans in their dances. We had likewise reason to suppose that they h.ive si- milar methods of living i for, though we had not an opportunity of seeing many of their habitations, we observed one house near the beach, which, in its mode of construction, differed little from tbose of Otaheitc. It appeared to be seven or eight feet ■■;<^, ' .( <• — *• I2& .v^. 3^ A VOYAGE TO TIf4 :V/''''^5':K*;'i-':,^>vi ; ■^ , ' '"ft higli, and about thirty In lehgth, with an open end, which represented an elUpjsc, or oval, transversely divided. It was pkasantly situate ux 9,. grove. These people salute strangers by joining noses, and taking the hand o? the person whom they accost, which they rub with some force upon their mouth and nose- It is worthy of remark, that the inha- bitants of the Palaos, New-PhiUpplnc> or rather Caroline Islands^ though at the distance of near J 500 leagues from Mangeea, have a similar method of salutation. We quitted Mangeea in the 8\ftcmoon of the 30th of Marchf and proceeding on a northerly course^ we again discovered land, on the 3i$t, at the distance of nipe or ten leagues. The next morn- ing we were abreast of its north end, within four leagues of it. It, now appeared to us to be an island nearly of the ^ame extent y/ith that which we bad just left. Another island, much smaller, was also descried right a-head. Though we could soon have reached this, we preferred the larger one, as being most likely to furnish food for the cattle. We therefore made sail to it 5 but there being lit- tle wind, and that unfavourable, we were still i^bout two leaguesl'to leeward at eight oVjock the succeed- ing morning. The commodore, soon after, dispatch- ed three armed boats, under the command of Mr Gorci his first lieutenant, in search of a landing- place and anchoring-ground, Meanwhile we plied up under the island with the ships. As our boats were putting off, we saw several canoes coming from the shore, which repaired first to the Discovery, as that ship was the nearest. Not long after, three ©f thys^ v;;rioe$, C9ch con4u,ctc4 V»y one man, came ■:V,:- 'r- -?f " V, , '. >V '^ .'.-^ ■^sv , PACmC OCEAN. 129 .^■i. along-side of rhe Resolution. They are long and parrow, and are supported by out-rigger<< : the head is flat above, but prow-like below j and the stern is about four feet high. We bestowed on our visitors some knives, beads, and other tiifle^^; and they gave us some cocoa- nuts, in consequence of our having asked for them j but they did not part with them by way of exchange, as they seemed to have no idea, of barter or traffic. One of them, after a little per-^ suasion, cam6 on boards and the other two sooi^ followed his example. They appraicd to be per-^ fectly at ease,. and free from all apprehension. Af- ter bt. -departure, a man arrived ir another ca- noe, brnging a bunch of plantain? aiy a present to captain Cook, who gave him in return, a piece of red cloth and an axe. We were afterw^trd^ inform- ed JbyOmai, that this present had been sent from the king of the island. Soon aftt-r a double ca- noe, containing twelve of the islanders, came to- wards us. On approaching the ship, they recited somjc words in concert, by way of chorus, one of them first givJVi?T the word before each repetition. Having finJs^ « ii this solemn chaiit, they came a- long-side &v * v-icd forthje chief. As soon as cap- tain Cook haa. v,c« his appearance, a pig and some cocoa-nuts were conveyed into the ship *, and the captain was also presented with a piece of matting, by the principal persoii in the canoe, when he and ^ o» c ompanions had got on board.i^^^'^:'' ^^ t*^ -^ ^t 1 hesc new visitors were introduced into the cabin, ar *. ^cnducted to other parts of the ship. Though sc^-f. ! t bjccts seemed to surprise them, no*.; thing could fix their attention- They were afraid to venture near the cows^and horses, of whose Da- ■»*•■■' "^■: ■ww^^ 130 A Voyage TO THE ■K- v:% y-'i- I ■■ .- . ■ ■ - • - ■,.—._■■■-■■ tiire tliey could form no conception. As for the ahcep and goats, they gave us to understand that they knew them to be> birds. It is a matter of astonishment that human ignorance c6uld ever make so ridiculous a mistake, as there is not the smallest cesenablance between any winged animal and a sheep or goat. But these people seemed un- acquainted with the existence of a,ay other land ani- mals, than hogs, dogs, and birds ^ and as they saw that our goats and sheep were, very different from the two former, they « •"'^''ly inferred that they must belong to the latter t , in which th^y knew there was a gf^at variety of specie's. Though the com- mpdbjre bestowed oo his new fiiend. wliat he sup» posed would be the most acceptable present, yet he seemed somewhat disappointed., The captain wag afterwards informed that he eagerly wished to pro- cure a dog, of which kind of animals this island was destitute, though the natives knew that the race existed in other islands of the Pacific Ocean. Cap- tain Clerke had receii'ed a similar present^ with the same view, from anothef ra;an, who was equally disappointed in his expectations. The islanders whom we had seen in those canoes were generally of the middle stature, and not un- like the Mageeans. ^ Their hair either flowed loose- ly over their shoulders^ or was tied on the crown ; of the head; ^nd though in some it was Irizssled, yet that, as well as the straight sort, was long. Some of the young men were handsonie. Like the inhabitants of Mangeea, they wore girdles of 'glazed cloth, or fine matting, the ends of which were brought between their thighs. Their ears W^re bored^ apd they wore about their necks,* by ^rt' mmmmm TACinC OCEAN •^■v^, ^3* ^. f^'^JS' ■:^- JS^i- way of ornament,, a soit of t>foad grass, stalnedl with red, and strung with berries of the night- fliade. Many of them were curiously mtrked ot tatooed from the mi■■■. ■ V, "isa J:'-^- arr >«si X2Z .^ A VOYAGE TO THE ^ . V >» ■-. . •♦"■"'■/<;•. ■ . ■ ■"''•' :.'■;-„. ■ -■ '■'■ island, yet he could not "be prevailed upon to part with them. However, to gratify these people Omai gave them a ravourite -dog he had brought from Great Britain j with which acquisition they were highly pleased. . t .^^ The same morning, which was the 3d of April, Captain Cook detached Mr Gore with three boats, to make trial of the experiment which that officer had proposed, Two of the natives, who had been on board, accompanied him ; and Omai served as an interpreter. The ships being a full league frota the island when the boats put off, and the wind be- ■ ing inconsrderable, it was twelve o'clock before we could work up to it. We then perceived our three I boats just without the surf, and an amazing num. ber pi the islanders on the shore a-b«east of them. Concluding from this that Lieutenant Gore, and others of our people, had landed, we were impa- .' tient to know the event. With a view of obser. ving their motions, and being ready to afford them such assistance as they might occasionally require, the Commodore kept as n^ar the shore as was con- !/ sistent with prudence. He was convinced, how ever, that the reef was a very effectual barrier be tween us and our friends who had landed, and putj them completely out of the reach of our protection But the natives, in dll probability, were not s ; sensible of this <:ircumstance as we were. Some 5 them, now and then, brought a few cocoa-nuts t( the siupij, and exchanged them for whatever wa ' offered them. These occasional visits diinmished th{ I Captain's solicitude about our people who had land cdj for, though we could procure no intelligena ■from our visitors, yet their venturing on bo^ird seem 1*- , ^'i'l'T '-.V ■.niiiiii",' PACIFIC OCEAN. »33 ed tb imply, that their countrymen oh snore had made nd improper use of the confidence reposed in them. At length, towards the evening, we had the satisfaction of seeing the boats return. When our people got on board, we found that Mr Gore, Mr Anderson^ Mr fiurney, andOmai, wer» the only persons who had landed. The occurrences of the day lyere now fully reported to the Comifio- dorc by Mr Gore. Mr Anderson's account of their transactions, which was very circumstantial, and Jncluded some observations on the island and its inhabitants, was to the following purport: * They i^owed towards a sandy beach, where a great number of the natives had assembled, and came to an anchor at the distance of a hundred yards ftom the reef. SeveraVof the islanders swam off, bringing cocoa-nuts with them j and Omai gaVe them to under staljid that our people were de- sirous of landing. Soon after, two canoes came )rd thcm| o^ » ^"^ ^o inspire the natives with a greater confi- dence, Mr Gore and his companions resolved to go unarmed, and to run the hazard of being treated well or ill. * Our conductors,' says Mr Anderson, * watchr ing attentively the motions of the surf, landed Mr Burney and myself, who were in the first canoe, safely upon the reef. An islander took hold of Some oi €3ch of us, obviously with an intention to support to part people, >rought n they April, e boats, t officer ad been ;rved as ue from i^ind be- ifore we >ur three g num- Df them, ore, and re impa- f obser- require, ivas con- id, how rricr be and put| otection J not so a -nuts t( ever wa ished th{ lad land elligena ltd seem us in walking over the rugged rock, to the beach, where several of the others met us, holding the green boughs of a species oi mimosa in their hands, and saluted us by joining their noses to ours. Mr Gore and Qmai were landed from the second ca- . , > \ ^Ji"' ^ -^- mg^mm* wm^ ■i »34 i. V0YA6E TO Tn< * A great crowd flocked with eager curiosity to look at.us^ and would have prevented our pro- ceeding, had not some, who seemed to have autho- rity, dealtblows, with little drstinction, among them to keep tliem off. We were then led up an avenue of coco^^paltns ) and soon came to a number of men, arranged in two rows, and. armed with clubs, which they hold on their shoulders much in the ^amc manner as we rest a mus<|uet. After walking a little way among these, ive found a person who seemed a chief, sitting on the ground cross-legged^ cooling himself with a sort of triangular fan, madfc from a leaf of the cocoa-palm, with a polished han- ? Wfe proceeded still amongst the men armed with clubs, and came to a Second chief, who sat fan- ning himself, and ornamented as the first. He Was remarkable for his si^te, and uncommon corpulence, though to appearance not above thirty. In the same rxiartner, we were conducted to a third chief, who seemed older than the two former, and though not so fat as the second, was of a large size. He also was sitting' , and adornlfid With red feathers) and after saluting him as we had done the^ others, be desired us both to sit down, which we were very ■ife' A-^^n ""• •As PACIFIC OCEAN. 'j^'- y^ 135 willing to do, being pretty i\'ell fatigued with walk* ing up, and with the excessive heat we felt, amongst the vast crowd that Surrounded us, ' In a few minutes the people wer.e ordered to separate ; and we saw, at the distance of thirty yards, about twenty young women ^ ornamented as th^ chiefs, with red feathers, engaged in a dande^ which they performied to a slow and serious air, sung by them all. W!■■ '^h'^ ■• > . 136 A VOYAGE TO THE restrained in manner by art. Their shape and limbs were ele^atvtly formed. For, as their dress consisted only of a piece of glazed cloth, fastened about the waist, and scarcely reaching, so low as the knees, in many we hnd an o[>portunity of ob^ serving every part. This dance was not finished, when we heard a noise, as if some horses had been galloping towards us^ and, on lookifig aside, we saw the people armed with clubs, wha had been de- sired, as we suppose, to entertain us with the sight of their manner of fighting. This they now did^ one party pursuing another who fled. '^' As we supposed the ceremony of being intro- duced to the chiefs was now at an end, we began to look about for Mr Gore and Omai: and tho' the crowd would hardly suffer, us to move, we at length found them coming up, as much incommod- ed by the people as we had been, and introduced in the same! manner to tht three xhiefs. Each of tjbese expected a present } and Mr Gore gave them such things as he had brought* with him from the shipj for that purpose. Afiet this, making cise of Omai as his interpreter, he informed the ^hiefs with what intention we had com^ on shore v but was given to understand that he must wait till the next day, and then he should have what was want- ed. ' ■'.'i:'i;^ * They now seemed to take some pains to se- perate us from each other ; and every one of us had his respective circle, to surround ^nd gaze at him. For my ps^rt 1 was, at one time, above an hour apart from my frtehds ; and when I tbld the j chief with whom I sat; that I wanted to speak toi Omai, he peremptorily refused my xcquest," At TACiriC OCEAN, 137 we want- k to se- of us az< : at ►vc an d the tbe saine time, I found the people begaji to stepl Iteveral ttilliiig things i^^hich X had in iqy pocket > and when } coipplaiped t^ the chief of this tiei^t- jnent, he justificil it, From these eircumsttincfs, I now enteruined appreheTisions, thut they h94 9^^- liign tg. detain ui amongst them. They di4 not* ipdeed^ seein to be of a dt«po8itio|i so saysige} as to. liake us anxious for the safety of opr persons y but I it wa!|9 nevertheless, vexing to. think, vye had haz- sirded being detained by their curiosity. In thja {||tuation, I asked for something to eat \ and thej lieadily brought me some cocca-nuts, bread-fruil, and a sort of sour pudding, which was presente4 by a wpman. And on roy complaining much qf l^e heat occasioned by the ccowdt thechi^i hinoself condescended to fan me, ^d'gs^ve me a ^^11 piece pf cloth) which he had Vpund hrs waist« * I^r Burpey happening to^ come to the place wheie I was, 1 mentioned my suspicions; to himy and, to pujt it to the test, whether they were well iounded, We attempted to get t9, the beach. But ^ve were stopt, when about half way, by some men, ^ho told us, that we mustgo bapk ^o ^he place \ye |)ad Uft. On coming up, we found Omaii enter-; taining the somte apprehensioris. But he h^d;, a,sii.e fancied, an additional re^sctn for being afrafd j for be had observed, that they had dug a hole jti^ the ground fotr an oven, wh^h they wereno^ heatings and he could assign no other reason for th^s, thaiv l^bat they meant to roast, and eat uS| as is practic- ed by the natives of New-i^e^lt^nd. Nay, he wen( 1 10 far a« to afk them the question ^ at which they lyere gvettly surprised^ asking, in return, wbcjther l^hftt wsis It custpm wttir us^ ^ Ifuirney and j^ • - JI3 .. \ ^^•■■^^■MPiP 138 A VOYAGE TO THE were rather angry that they should be thus suspect- ed by him ^ there htiving as yet been no appearan- ces, in their conduct towards usy of their being capa- ble of such brutahty.- ' * In this manner we were detained the greatest part of the day, being sometimes together, and sometimes separated* but always in a crowd ; who, not satisfied with gazing at us^ frequently desired us to uncover parts of our skin — tlje sight of which commonly produced a general murmur of admira- tion. At the same time they did not omit thes^ opportunities of rifling our pockets y and, at last, one of them snatched a small bayonet from Mr Gore, which hung in a sheath by his side; This was represented to the chief^ who pretended to send some persons in search of it. But, in all probabi- lity, he countenanced the theft j for, soon after, Omai had a dagger stolen from his side in the same manner, though he did not miss it immediately. * Whether they observed any signs of uneasiness in us, or that they voluntarily repeated their em- blems of friendship when We expressed a desire to go, I cannot tell j but, at this time, they brought some green boughs, and, sticking their ends in the ground^ desired we would Ixold them as we sat. Upon my urging oui: business again, they gave us to under- stand^ that we must stay. and eat with them j iind a pig that we saw soon after lying near the oven, w^hich they ha'd prepared and heated, removed Omai's apprehen ions of being put into it himself, and made us think it might be intended fof our re- past. The chief also promised to send some people to procure food for thc'cattle j but it was. not till late in the afternoon that we saw them retumitith PACIFIC OCEAN. 139 i few plantaitt*tree8, which they carried to our boats ' In the mean time, Mr Bumey and ^I attempt-^ ed again to go to the beach \ but when we arrived, fouiid o*u8elve9 watched hj peoples who sciened to have been planted there for that purpose: fpr^, when I tried to wade in. upon the reef, one of them took hold of my clothes, and dragged mc back. X picked up some small pieces of coral, which they required me to throw down again ^ and, on my re- fusal, they made no scruple to take them forcibly from me. I had gathered some small plants ^ bu^' these also I could not be permitted to retain ^ and, they took a fan from Mr Buxn^y, which he had. re-.' ceivcd as a. present on coming ashore. Omai sa'd, we ^d done wrong in taking up any things for it. w; >t the custom here to permit freedoms of that kind to strangers, till they "had, in some measure, naturalized them to the country, by entertaining them with festivity two or three day». -Wt - r r' * Finding that the only method of procuring, better treatment was to yield implicit obedience to^ their will, we went up again to the place wc had left 5 and they now promised that we should, have a canoe to carry us off to our boats,^ after we had eaten ef a repast which b|4 been prepared for us-t * 'Accordingly, the second chief before mention- ed, having seated himself upon a low bro^d stool of blackish hard wood, tolerably polished, and, di- recting the multitude to make a pretty larg^ ring, made us sit down by him. A considerable number of cocoa-nuts were now brought, andy shortly after • a long green basket, with a sufficient quantity of baked plantains' to have served a dozen persons* ^A I40 •/•;*;•■' A VOYAGE TO TUB '''*-'i' ,'»■ n.'': :,.:^:C •■■' m'. pliicc of the young hog tKat hpd been dressed was then set uctpre each of us, of which we were desired to ^at. Our appetites, however^ ha4 failed from tW feti^ue of the day i and though we did, eat a Iktlc to. please theHL, it was without satisfaction tq Plirselves. f It being now near suii-set, we told them it wa? thne to ^ on board. T^s they allowed ^ and sent down to the Ve^^ the remamder of the victuRls that had been dressed^ to be carried with us to the sllip. We found a canoe ready to put us off to our boats, which the native.^ di^ with the same csuuion as wh^n w« knied. They put us on beard the boats, with the cocoa»nuts, plan^ainy, and other piip- visions, which thej had brought j and we r«u'^d to the ships^ very well pleased that w< at last had got put of the hands of our troublesome masters.^ The restrained situation of these gentlemen gave t^esD v<;ry Uttic opportunity of observing the coun^ try) for they .were seldom a hundrerl yards from the place where they had been introduced to. the chie^, sui^ consequently were confined to the sur- /ouoding objects. The first thing that attracted th^ir notice was the number of people, which nnist hstxc been at leas)t tu-o thousand.^ Except a hv>% those who had come on liiard the ships VTtre all of aa inferior class \ for a gl^^at number of lliose that our gentlemen met with dn shore, had a superior dignity of demeanof,, ana their complexion was ipuch whiter. In general, they had their hair, trhich was long and black, tied on the crown of the head* Many of the young men were perfect models in shape, and of a delicate complexion. The old men were^ many of them, corpulent ^ and they, jr.. some oc i ...,.f... PACIFIC OCEAN, I4t 1 was jsirect from eat a on to as tvell a^ the young, had i iimarkablie sittootntiat^^ I of skin. Th?ir general dress consisted of a piece of cloth wrapped about the waist, but soirc had^ pieces of mats, most curiously vaiiegated u ith black and white, formed ^nto a kind of jacket without i sleeves ; while others wore conical caps made of the core of a cocoa>nut, interwoven with beads. In their ears, which were pierced, they hung pieces of the membraneous part of some plant, or stuck there gome odoriferous flower. The chiefs and other persons of rank had two little balls, with a com- mon base, made of bone, which they hung round their necks with small cord. Red feathers are here considered as a particular mark of distinction ^ for none but the chiefs, and the young women who danced, assumed them. Some of the men were purictured all over the sides and back, and some of the women had the same ornament (if it deserves that name^ on their legs. The elderly women had their hair cropped short, and many of them were cut all o/er the fore part of the body in oblique lines. The wife of a chief appeared with her child laid in a piece of red cloth which had been present* cd to her husband •, she suckled the infant much after the same manner of our women. Another chief introduced his daughter, who was young, beautiful, and modest. No personal deformities were observed in either sex, except a fe,w indivi^ duals who had scars of broad ulcers remaining- on the. face and other parts. Many of the natives were armed with spears and clubs, the latter of which were generally about six feet long, made of a hard black wood, neatly polish* ed. The spears were formed of the same wood^ 1 I .F.l.'.i, ^ 142 A VOYAGE TO THE ^mply pointed, 9nd ivere in general twelve feet long ; but spqoe were 90 $ho«:t as to secin intended w .for dstrts. They preserved tl^eii* canoe^ from the i-' undee ^e $hade of various trees. Qur gentlemen saw eight or tei^ of them, all doqble ones y that is, two single ones fastened together by rafters lathed tcross. They were abenit four feet deep, and in ^ngth about twenty feet, and the sjdes were roundr ^d with a plank raided uppn them. Two of these <' canoes weie curiously stained all over with blacky ixi innum^rabjle small figureSr as triangles, squares, ytCf and were far superipf to apy thipg of the kipd * Sir Anderson had eyer seen sA *ny oth/ei: island in ; t^e South Sea. The paddk5 w^re almoist elliptieal, |nd aboiit iqy^v feet long. * felVJost of the trees observed by Mr Anderson :^ were cocoa ptlms, Siom« species of bt'kmmy a son # iof euptborbiay ai:id many of th^ same kind he had V |een at- Mangeca. The laUcjc are tall and slender, ^; ♦resembling a cypres^, and ai^? called by the natives ^ €ioa. He also saw a species oi convolvulus^ and ^ , fome treacle^ mustJ'.d' besides which, there are ' ' doubtlesi^ other planU and fruit-trees which be had not an opportunity pf seeing. The soil, towards :|hc sea, }s nothing mor/e than a bank p£ coral, ge- nerally steep, and rugged^ which though it has pro- bably l>een. for many centuries e^f ppsed to the wea- * ther has suffered no fiirther change than becoming black on its surface. The reef* or rock, with which . the shore 18 lined, rims to different breadths into .^ the sea, where it resembles a high steep waH. It 4$ of a tirpwnish colour, and nearly even with the ; surfaice of tb^ water j and though its texture is ra« Xt'j; *. <^^. :^^*'. %^:-'::'i;i.^ Mciric ottAU. Mi Aet porofts/it IS capablfe df wlAstaftdliif: the ifni^^ ing of the surf, which constantly brcfiks upon it. % : Though the landing of oar gcntlettien wkis the jitttfans of enriching the Bar#ati¥e of thfe voyage with the preceding particulars^ the prirtcipal object in view was partly unattained ; ^r We scarce procured , iny thing worth fni^ntioning from the island. ^ j< It Was mentiotied that Ornai w^s sent upon thi^s expedition, and, perhaps, his being Mr Gore's in- terpreter, was not the Only service he performed this day. He was asked by the natives a erreat many questions concerning our people, our ships, our country, and the sort of arms we used; and, jbccording to the account he gave to Captain Cook, Ws answers were not a little upon the marvellous. Our countryj he told them, had ships as large as their island ; on board which were itistrumetits of war (describing our guns) of such dimensions, that several people might sit within them ^ and that one pf them wtis sufficient to crush the whole island at one shot. This led them to ask what sort of guns were on board Captain Cook^s. ships. Ht sai«^' that though they were but small in comparison ith those he had diescribedj'yct, with such as they were, they could, with the greatest ease, and at the dis- tance the ships were from the shor^, destroy thfe island, and kill evfery soul in it. They then in- quired by what meani this could be done, and Omai explaiiicd it ^s well as he could. He hap- pened luckily to have a few cartridges in his poc- ket. These he produced *, the balls, and the gun- powder that^was to set them in motion, were sub- mitted to inspection •, and, to supply the defects of bis description, an appeal was mftdt to th^ 4tttUf% ^44 A VOYAGE TO THE of the spectators. The multitude had been formed as before mentioned, into a circle. This furnish- ed Omai with a convenient stage for his exhibition. In the centre of this, th<^ small quantity of gun- powder collected from his* cartridges was properly ^disposed upon the ground, and set on fire by a piece of burning wood froin the oven. The Sudden blast, and loud report, Ihe mingled flame and «inoke that instantl)^ succeeded, tilled the whole assembly yfith astonishment. 'They no longer doubted the tremendous power of our weapons, and gave ^fuU credit to all that Omai had said. If it had not been for the terrible idea they cpn- ceived of the ship's guns, from the specimen 'of their mode of operation, it was thought they would have detained the gentlemen all night. For Omai assured them, that if he and his companions did not return on board the same day, they might expect that the Captain would fire upon the island. And as the ships stood in nearer the land in the evening than they had done any time before, of which they were observed, to take great notice, they probably thought that this formidable atriack was meditating ^ and, therefore, they suffered their guests to depart : in the expectation, however, of seeing them again pn shore next morning. But captain Cook was too sensible of the risk they had aVeady run, to think of repeating the experiment. ii I'his island, though never before visited by Europeans, had actually other strangers residing in it. Qmai, when he landed with Mr Gore, found amongst the crowd, three of hjs own countrymen, natives oiF the Society islands. At the distance of .about :900 leagues from thbse islands, an immense PACIFIC OCEAN. '45 anknown 4cean intef ^tvAng^ i/^ith such wr^tclidt 9e>boat€ 98 their inhabkants are knbwn tO' rmake \ig»t pfy and fit only fdr a pass^ where sight of ]»nd 18 scarceljT, elver lostf such a mdStH^f fit;it%1| 1 place, so aecideiitalljr Vi^it^d by Capt^inOookV leoplct may well be looked upon ^s one of those ^tttfexpected sitiiations with which the writers of ileigned adv^nlt^res lo^i^ to surprise their readers^ ilhd Which, when they really happen in llH^«' tkm^ spoke highly of the kind treatment (bey fierc VOL. I. V y^ lis !i A yOXAOE TO ^Hii: D^€t witiii; '9n4 they were so. well satisfied with their pfCj5e?it sh;u?tipn, tli|it tbisyrcfi^ the offer madeito theoiyat Om^i^s re^tiest,, of givinpr t)icm a ]^99ago to their native islao4l«^ 7^ siiiiiUrity p{ matinirs and titngtlage had P^fl^ tl^an niituralizcd thenl to this spot I and tli^' fresh oonnei^ipn^ they had here formedy and which it wq^ld have |}eei| painful to have brokeo off after such a length c^ rinje, sufficiently accouh^ for this tefiisal. Jhey had arrived upon this island at, least tiyekt jcars ago.;-. . ■"', : •'' ■'■ ■'• ' ■• •' ^' V * The landing/ s^ys Captain Gook, * of our gen- tlemen on this island, cannot but bjs considered^as si very fortunate circuitistance. It'hf^s proved the meaha of thus bringing to our knowledge a fact, not bnly very curious^ hiut very instructiirc. The applifcatiori of the above marr^ive ^s obvious. It will serve to eacj^Iain, bettef:;than a. thousand con- jectiiies ofl speculative, re^soners, bow the detached ptr^of thcjeaith, and, in partii^ular, how the islands of the South Sea, i^aay bayc been first peopled ; es- pecially thoswt that lie ren;»ot;e from, iny inhabited (iipnttlier^^ or from each other** > ^ vt" y .According to Omai's account of what he leam- eo incxwiversation with his three countrymen, the \ manherd of those inlanders, their method of treating strangers, and their general l^bits of life, are rnuch iikc those that prcvSl at 0<;ahcite, and it? ncigh- bottring isles. Their religip^^ ceretfDoni^srand opi- nions ^re also near lyHthe sam^, > fj-dra every; dr- i quantity of the leaves and bran* ches of youne cocoa-trees, and the pandanus. This island lies about three or four leagues from Wateeoo^ the inhabitants of which call it OhiJtoot^M, It is in the latitude of xp^ 15' south, and the lon« gitude of 201^ 37/ east, and is supposed not to ex. c^ We steered west by south, with a fine breeze. Captain Cook proposed to proceed first to Middle- burgh, or £ooa, thinking we might, perhaps, have provision enough for the cattle, to last till we should arrive at that island. But the next day about noon those faint breezes, that had so long retarded us, again returned ^ and we found it necessary to get into the latitude of Palmerston's and Savage islands, -J" 154 : i;. A VOYAGE TO THE • " . - '1 which Captain Cook discovered in 17745 that, In case of necessity, recourse might be had to them. In order to save our water, Captain Cook order- ed the still to be kept at work a whole day 5 during which time we procured about fifteen gallons of fresh water. These light breezes continued till Thursday the icth, when the wind blew some hours fresh from the north, and north-north west. In the afternoon we had some very heavy rain, attended with thun- der squalls. We' collected as much rain-water as filled five of our puncheons. When these squalls had blown over, the wind was very unsettled bUh in strength and in position, till the i)ext dny at noon, when it fixed at noithwcst, and north-north- west, and blew a fresh breeze. \:. We were thus persecuted with a wind in our teeth, and had the additional mortification to find those very wiiids here which we h?.d reason to ex- pect farther south. At day break, however, on the 13th, we perceived Palmerston's Island, bearing west by south, at the distance of about five leagues j but did not get up with it till the next morning at eight. Captain Cook tKen dispatched three boats from the Resolution, and one from the Discovery, ivith a proper officer in each, to search for a con- venient landing-place j we being now under an ab- solute necessity of procuring here some provender for our cattle, or we must 'certainly have lost them. What is called Palmerston's Island consists of a group of small islets, about nine or ten in number, conriCCted together by a reef of coral rocks, and lying in a circular direction. The boats first cxa- •y:'-}, i'/.i'''. PACIFIC OCEAN. ^55 '"i' mined the most south-easterly iblet ; and, not suc- ceeding there, ran down to the second, where they immediately landed. Captain Cook then bore down with the ships, till we were abreast of the< place, where we kept standing off and on, there being no bottom to be found to anchor upon. This, however, was of no material consequence, as there were no human beings upon the islands except the party who had landed from our boats; l^ , ^ At one o'clock one of the boats returned laden with scurvy-grass and young cocoa trees, which was, at this time, a most excellent repast for our animals on board. A message was also brought from Mr Gore, who commanded the party upon this expedition, acquainting us that the island abounded with such produce, and also with the wharra-tree and cocoa-nuts. In consequence of this information, Captain Cook resolved to get a sufficient supply of these articles before he quitted this station, and accordingly went on shore in a small boat, accompanied by the captain of the Dis- covery. The island does not exceed a mile in cir- cumference, and is not elevated above three feet beyond the level of the sea. It consisted almost entirely o£ a coral sand, with a small mixture of blackish mould which appeared to be produced from rotten vege^bles. ^ i.^^ |i - . f?):.w; 4^1,1 This poor soil is however covefed with the same kinds of shrubs and bushes as we had seen at Ota- kootaia or Wenooa-ette, though not in so great variety. We perceived a great nitmber of man of war birds, tropic birds, and two sorts of boooies, which were then laying their eggs, and so ex£:eed- ingly tame as to permit us to tak^ them off their > ♦ / I f.-^ i ' .156 A VOYAGE TO THU: nests, which consist only of a few "sticks loosely put together. Thesp tropic birds differ essentially from the cdmmon sort, being of a beautiful white, slightly tinged with red, and ha^ng two long tail ^ feathers of a deepish crinason. Our people killed a considerable number of each sort ^ wh\ch, though not the most delicate kind of food, were highly ac- ceptable to us^ who had been a long time coVifined to a salt diet. We saw plenty of red crabs creep- ing about among the trees, and caught several fish, whichy when the sea retreated, had been left in boles upon the reef. y. . At one part of the reef^ which bounds the lake within, almost even with the surface, there was a ilirge bed of coral, which altorded a most enchant- ing prospect. Its base/ which was fixed to the ihore, extended so far that it could not be seen, so that it appeared to be suspended in the water. The sea was then unrufHed, and the refulgence of tie sun exposed the various sorts of coral in the ' most beautiful order; some parts luxuriantly branch- ing in the water, others appearing in vast variety of figures, and the whole greatly heightened -by spangles of the richest colours, glowing from a num- ber of large clams interspersed in every part. Even this delightful scene was greatly improved by the multitude of fishes that gently glided along seem- in^y with the most perfect security. Their colours weiie the most beautiful that can be imagined } blu^^ yellow, black» red,, &c. far excelling any thinf that can be produced by art. The richness of tSs sub-marine grotto was greatly increased by their various forms ; and the whole could not pos- sibly Ijc surveyed mthout a pleasing transport, ac- FACIMC OCEAN. 157 eompspied at the same time with regret^ that a work so astonishingly elegant should be concealed in a place so seldom explored by the human eye. Except a piece of a canoe that was found upon the beach, no traces were discoverable of inhabi- tants having ever been here^ and, probably, that may have been drifted from som^ other island. We' were surprised, howiever, at perceiving some small brown rats on this little island \ a circumstanci»^ perhaps, not easily accounted for, unless we admit the possibility of their being imported in the ca- noe of which we saw the remains; The boats being laden, Captain Cook returned on board, leaving Mr Gore and his, party to pass the night on shore, to be ready for business early the next morning. The 1 5th, like the preceding day, was spent in collecting subsistence for the cattle; 'consisting principally of tender branches of the wharra..tree, palm-cabbage, and young cocoa-nut trees. A suf- ficient supply of these having been procured by 8unr«et, Captain Cook ordered all the people on board \ but, having very little i\ind, he determined to employ the next day, by endeavouring, from the next island to the leeward, to get some cocoa-nuts for our people ; for this purpose, we kept standing off and on all night \ and about nine o'clock in the morning, we went to the west side of the islands, and landed from our boats with little difficulty. Tnc people immediately employed themselves in gathering cocoa-n\its, which we found in the great- est plenty •, but it was a tedious operation to con- vey them to our boats, being obliged to carry them half a mile over the reef up to the middle in water*. :-i^.:. . J:.: ■■V; 159 er number of fish upon the reefs. Among the rest were some beautiful large spotted eels, which would raise themselves out of the water, and endeavour to bite their pursuers. There were also snappers, pari6t-fish, and a brown spotted rock-fish, not larger than a haddock, so tame that it would re-^ main fixed and gaze at us. If we had been really in Want, a sufficient supply might easily have been had, for thousands of the clams stuck upon the, icci', many of which weighed two or three pounds.' There were also some other sorts of shellrfish j and, when the tide flowed, several sharks came with it, some of which were killed by our people j but their presence rendered it, at that time^ unsafe to walk in the water^^ \i.>v.U-v: ,.,.;.. ^ :.•-■.,.>, -^.^ ■■. ,, ■■ .^--v,,,;. Mr Williamson and his party, w^ho were left on shore, were much pestered in the night with mus- quitoes. Some of them shot two curlews, and saw, some plovers upon the shore 5 one or two cuckoos^J like those at Wenooa-ette, were also seen. : v^"i "^^^ The islets comprehended under the name of Pal- mel^ton^s Island, may be said to be the summits of 3 reef of coral rock, covered only with a thin coat of sind 5 though clothed with trees and plants, like the lo;v grounds of the high islands of this ocean. Having left Palmerston's Island, we steered west in order to proceed to Annamooka, We had variable winds, wath squalls, some thunder, and much rain. The showers being very copious we saved a considerable quantity of water j and as we could procure a greater supply in one hour by the rain than by distillation in a month, we laid the still aside, as being attended with more trouble than advantage. ' '^ ♦';''•'; /■■M. , ■■■■"*• .■(.: mmmmmm i6o A VOYAGj: TO tHE The heat, which had continued in the cxtremfe- for ^bout a month, became much more disagree* able in thi« close rainy Tvesther, and ^e apprehend^ edit would soon be noicious. It is however re- hiarkable, that there was not then a single petiOA' sick on board either of the ships* , We passed Savage Island, which Captain Cook discovered in 1774, in the night between the 24th and 25th ^ and on the 28th, about ten oMock in the morning, we ^w the islands to the eastward of Annamooka, bearing north by west about five leagues distant. We steered to the south, and then hauled up for Annamooka^ At the approach! of nighty the weather being squally^ with xain, we an* chored in fifteen fathoms waten We had scarcely anchored, when two canoei paddled towards m, and without hesitation came along-side. They bartered with us for nails some cocoa-nuts, sugar-cane, bread-fruit, and plantainS| which they had brought along with them. To* wards evening we had a short visit from another canoe 5 so eager were they to get possession of a few of our most tricing articles, that they consit. dered the trouble and danger of paddling from Komango, at that time five miles distant, as g ma> ter cf no moment. ^ Next morning, at four o'clock, Lieutenant King was dispatched by CaJ)tain Cook with two boats in order to procure refreshments^ and made' the signal to weigh at five to proceed to Annamooka. At day-break we had a visit from six or seven canoes, which brought with them some fowls, two pigs, several large wbod-pigeons, small rails, some violet-coloured coots, besides fruits and roots of /. > PACIFIC OCEAN. i6i various kinds, for which we ^avc them in exchange beads, hatchets, nails, &.c. They had various other articles of commerce, but Captain Cook had given particular orders, that we should purchase no Curio- sities till' the ships were supplied with provisions ex* ccpt by his permission. Mr King's' party returned about noon; haying been tre^ited with great civility at Komango. The chief of the island Tooboulangce, and another named Taipa, came on board with Mr King, They presented a hog to the captain, and promised hini more next day. Mr King procured seven hogs, some fowls, and a quantity of fruits and roots, with some grass for our animals. They reported, that, from any observations they could make, the inha- bitants were not .numerous j their huts were very indifferent, and almost joined to one another. The boats being aboard, we stood for Annay mooka j and, having little wirtd, we intended to go between Annamooka-ette *, and the breakers at the south east ^ but on drawing near we met with very irregular soundings, which obliged us to relinquish the design, and go to the southward, •This Carried us to leeward, and we fouhd it neces- sary to spend the night under sail. It was datk and rainyj and we had the wind from every direc-r tion. The next morning at day-light we were farther off than we had been the preceding evening, and the Wind was now right in our teeth. We continued to ply to very little purpose the whole day, and in the evening anchored in tl^irty^ im^ fathpms water J the west point of Annamooka * little Ann^imookst^ 3 ■v. • J I ,l«»If»i»"r"W«l-« .'»' ^6a A VOYAGE TO THE bearing east-north east, four miles distant. Too* boulangee and Taijpa, agreeable to their promise, brought ofF some hogs for Captain Copk ^ we ob- tained others by bartering from the di£ferent canoes that followed us, and a large quantity of fruit. It is remarkable, that those who visited us from the islands on that day would hardly part with any of their commodities to any one but Captain Cook. At four the next morning, Captain Cook order- ed a boat to be hoisted out, ^nd the master to sound the west side of ' Annamooka. . When he re- turned, he reported that be had sounded between Great and Little Annamooka, where he found ten and twelve fathoms depth pf water } that the place was very well sheltered from winds j but that . no fresh water was to be had but at t considerable distance inland, and that even there it was neither plentiful nor good. For this very sufficient reason, Captain Cook resolved to anchor on the north side of the island, where in his last voyage h& had found a convenient place for watering and landing. Though not above a league distant, we did net reach it till about five o'clock in the afternoon, be- ing retarded by the quantity of canoes that crowd- ed round the ships,' laden with abundant supplies o| the produce of their island. Several of these ci-. noes, which wer^ double, liad ^ large sail^ an.d car- ried between forty and fifty men each. Several women too appeared in the canoes, incited perhaps^ by curiosity to visit us ; though they were as ear- nest in bartering as the men, and used )the paddle .with equal skill and dexterity. We ^ame to an ^iipj^t in eigh.t<^tv fatbozai watfTi^ the isUnd ex« '.«■« t. Too- promise, f we ob. nt canoes Fruit. It from the vith any Captain k order- last^r to n. he re- between )und ten he place that . no iderable neither : reason, ►rth side id found ^; : did not )on, be- crowd- plies oi ese ctjk^ nd car- Several perhaps as ear- paddle to an nd ex- *, ,/-*-. ■ '•*■•<*-■■/ i . .. ■• :':!X' . V *.Vi SJ, :^ f , v. J " / , #• ^ V y t . f < "» * ^ ^- >< /•■' *»', ,,N '*, , t ,#' t. " * 1-. 4^* were him. , PACIFIC OCEAN. 'l6^ tending from east to south weit, about three quar-> ters 01 a mile distant. Thus Captain Cook re- sumed the station which ht had occupied when he viiitedAnnamooka three years before j and probably where Tasman, who first discovered this island, an- . chored in 1643. The next day, during the preparations for water- i^, Captain Cook went ashore in the forenoon, accompanied by Captain Clerke, and others, to fix on a place for setting up the observatories 5 the na- tives having readily granted us permissiun. They showed us every mark of civility, and accommo- dtted us with a boat-house, which answered the purpose of a tent; Toobou, the chief of the island, conducted Captain Cook and Omai to his house, situated on a pleasant spot, in the centre of his plantatipn* It was surrounded with a. grass plot, which he said was for tlie purpose of clear^ing their feet befbre they entered his habitation. Such an attention to cleanliness \vz bad never observed be^ fore*, wherever we had visited in this ocean, though we afterwards found it. to be very common at the. Friendly Islands. - No carpet in an E^^ghsh draw* .ing-room could be kept neater than the, mats which covered the floor of Toobou's house. While we were on shore, we bartered for some hogs and fruits ^ and -.vhen we arrived on board the ships were crowded with the native?!. As very few of them. came empty-handed, we were speedily supplied with every refreshment. In the afternoon Captain Cook landed again with a party of marines ^ and such of the cattle a^ were In a weakly state, were sent on shore with hiip. Having settled every thing to I^s sattsfac- 164 A VOYAGE TO THE tion» he returned to the ship in the evening, leaving Mr King in command upon the island, Taipa was now become our ti lister friend y and, in order to be neiEir our party, had. a house carried a quarter of a mile, on men^s shoulders, and placed by the side of the shed which our party occupied* Our various operations on shore began the next day. Some were busied in making hay, others in lillinjg our water-casks, and a third party in cutting wood. On the same day Messrs King and Bailey began to observe equal altitudes of the sun, in order to get the rate of our time-keepers. In the even- ing Tsu,pa harangued the natives for some time 5 but we could only guess at the subject, and suppo. sed he was instructing them how to treat us, and advising them to bring the produce of the island to market. His eloquence had the desired effect, and occasioned us to receive a plentiful supply of provisions the next day. On the 4th of May the Discovery lost her small bower anchor^ the Cable being cut in two by the rocks. On the 6th^ ^ chief, whose name was Feenou,* visited; us from Tongataboo j Taipa introduced him to us as King of all the Friendly Isles. We were iiow informed, that a canoe had been imme? dlately dispatched to Tongataboo with ^X^ news so soon as we arrived^ and this bccasioiied his coming to Annamooka. The officer on shore also informt ed us, that all the natives were ordered out to mec;t him imniediately upon his arrival, who saluted him by bowing their heads as low as his feet,, the soles of which they touched with the palm of elch hand, and afterwitrds with the back past. He k^d also PACIFIC OCEAN. x^S seven or eight fine handsome women with hiin, which > wc were iold^ were his wives. We could opt luppose to be any thing kss than a king a per- •onage received with such extraordinary marks of respect* Captain Codk received a present from him of two fish, which he sent on board by one of his attendants j atid, in the afternoon^ the Captain went to pay a visit to this great man. So soon as he landed Feenou came up to him. He appeared to be about thirty years of age, and was remark^ . ably tall and thin y his features were more of the European cast than any we had seen in the Friend- ly Isles. As Captain Cook perceived he was t]ot the man whom he remembered to have seen during the former voyage in the character of the Kihg> after the first salutation he questioned him on that point 5 when Taipa, with great eagerness replied, that be was the sovereign of no less than one huri' dred and ffty-three islands. In a short time our grand visitor accompanied us on board, attended by five or six s^rvants« Captain Cook made them a fbw acceptable presents, and entertained them in such a manner as he thought would be most agree<- able. The Captain accompanied them ashore in his owii boat towards evening, when Feenou orw dered three hogs to be conveyed into the boat, as a return for the presents he had received. At this time we were told of an accident, which may tend to convey some idea of the unbounded authority which the chiefs exercise over the inferior rank of peqple. While Feenou was on board the Resolu- tion, air the natives were ordered, by an inferior chief, to retire from the post we occupied. Some of them however, having ventured to return, he 1 66 ' '. ^■"'''-'■'-i'^^-^il'"^; A VOYAGE TO THE"^* 'aW;?; .i.- t." ijeat tlicm most unmefcimlly witfi i larj^e stick. One of them, in particular, received so violent a blow on the side of the face, that the blood gush- ed from his mouth and nostrils, and, after lying motionless for some time, he was removed from the place in convulsions. The person who gave the blow, on being told that he ceitainly had killed the man, only laughed at the circumstance j and indeed it was very evident that he did not grieve for what had happened. We had afterwards the satisfaction of hearing, that the poor sufferer was out of danger. ■:^-'j)m:)^:h'r*' '■-•.tj-.-^;, . • ■ ■ ■ ^i'^-^. >r ^ The bottom where the Discovery lay being ^ery rocky and uneven, Captain Clerke determined to shift her farther to the westward. The next day (May the 7th) he gave orders to weigh the stream anchor, and heave short upon the best bower 5 but the united force of the whole ship's company was not able to purchase it, the cable having got foul of a rock j they waited till slack water, when the ships would tend to the ebb-tide and probably clear it, but at eleven the cable parted. The recovery of this cable caused an intinite deal of trouble, as it had got into a hole between the rocks, and could only be seen when the water was perfectly smooth j but at last, after a number of unsuccessful trials, thev Were lucky enough to weigh it. This day and the next also, Fecnou dined with Captain Cook, attended by Taipa, Toobou, and some other chiefs. None but Taipa, however, was permitted to sit at table, or even to eat in his presence. This etiquette greatly pleased Captain Cook, for before Feenou arrived he had commonly more vi- sitors than he inclined j as his table frequently over- ■ff. PACIFIC OCEAN. 167 ' -.A- flowed with people of both sexes. For the women of the Friendly Isles have the prudlege of eating with the men, which is not the caSc at O aheite. We had frequent occasions to observe the dex-^ fctity which these people possess at pilfering ; the very chiefs at times practised a little. Having, be- fore the arrival of Feenou, had a large junk axe stolen out of the ship, which we could impute to none but the natives, the captain complained ta^ him, and required he would use his authority to get it restored: he immediately g&vr» orders fbr|' that purpose, and before dinner was finished it was- biought us aboard 5 such was the explicit obedi- ence paid to his commands. On the 9th of May<^i one of them was detected carrying out of the ship^ the bolt belonging to t}*e spun-yarn-winch, which he had carefully concealed under his clothes. For this offence Captain Cook sentenced him to receive a dozen lashes, and to be confined till he paid a hog for his liberty. Though, after this circum- stance, we were troubled with no more thieves of rank, their servants, or slaves, were constantly em- ployed in this dirty business > and they received a Hogging with as much seeming indifference as if it had been upon the main mast. When any of them wer^ caught in the act of thieving, instead of inter- ceding in their behalf, their masters would often advise us takill them. This being a punishment we were not fond of i-flicting, they usuaDy escaped without any kind of punishment j they were alike insensible of the shame and torture of corporal chastisement. At length, however, Captain Clerke contrived a mode of treatment which we supposed had some effects Immediately upon detection hef f^'* u-. w saam T 4C t-. 1^ i68 . A VOYAGE TO THE ordered their heads to he completely shaved -, and thus pointed triMa out as objects of ridicule to their countrymen, and put our people upon their guard to deprive them of future opportunities for a repet^ tion of their thefts. Feenou was so fond of our company, that he dined on board every day, though he did not aU iVays partake of out fare. On the loth, his ser- vants brought him a mess, which had been dressed on shore, consisting of fish, soup, and yams •, cocoa, nut liquor had been used instead of water, in which the fish had been boiled or stewed, Cperhaps in a wooden vessel with hot stones^ and it \vas catried on board on a plaintain leaf. Captain Cook tasted ©f the mess, and was so \ve\\ pleased with it that he afterwards ordered some fish tobedres«?ed in the same way j but though his cook succeeded tolerar bly well, it was much inferior to the dish he at- tempted to imitate, Havmg, in a great measure, exhausted the island of almost every article of food, on Sunday the iith of May, we removed from the shore the observato- ries,. horses, and other things that we had landed ; intending to sail as soon as the Discovery should have found her best bower-anchor. Feenou hear- ing that the captain meant to proceed to Tongata* boo, earnestly entreated him t-o alter his plan j ex- pressing as mucli aversion to it, as if, by diverting him from it, he wished to promote some particular interest of his own. He warmly recommended a group of islands called Hapaee, lying to the north- east J where, he assured us, we could be easily and plentifully supplied with every refreslimcnt y and tven offered to accopnpany us thither in person. In y.\ Ksv\. r-' >-•■ 'i:?ACIFIC OCEAN. ' consequence of this advice Ha^aee was made choice' of: and, as it had not bcfen visited by uny Euro- pean ships, the surveying it became an object to.? Captain Cook. On Tuesday the 13th, Captain Clerke's anchor was happily recovered j and, on the morning of the 14th, we got under sail and left Annamooka. Though this island is somev^hat higher than the other small islets that surround it, yet it is lower than Mangeea and Wateeod, and even those are but of a moderate height. The shore, where our ships lay, consists of a steep, rugged, coral rock, about nine or ten feet high, except two sandy beaches, which are defended from the sea by a reef of the sam^ sort of rock. In the centre of the island there is a salt water lak<* about a mile and an h?*! J bKadth, round which the grourid rises with a gradual ascent, and we could not trace its having any communication with the sea. On the rising parts of the island, and especially towards the sea, the soil is either of a blackish loose mould, or a rcd- dish'clay j but there is not a stream of fresh water to be found in any part of the island. .:«*■*,: . The land here is well cultivated except in a few places j and though some parts appear to !:<: waste, they are only left to recover the strength exhaust- ed by constant culture j for we often saw the na- tives at work upon these spots in order to plant them again. Yams and plantains form their prin- cipal plantations ^ many of which are very exten- sive, and inclosed with fences of reed about six feet high. Fences of less compass were often seen within these, surrounding the houses of the princi- pal people.^ The bread-fruit and cocoa-nut trees • y ■■,v m ■^ wmmmm >-"»?^'' i •A'V; . A VOYAGE TO THE "•>■ :-' ■ .r:'--y '^h >(K. I are interspersed without any regular order, but principally near the habitations of the natives. The other parts of the island, especially towards the lea, and round the lake, are covered, with luxuriai^l trees and bushes ^ among which there are a great many mangroves and faitanoo-trees.> All the rocks and stones about the island are of :coral, except in one place, to the right of the sandy beach, where there is a rock of about twenty-five feet in height, of a calcareous stone, and of a yellowish colour ; but, even here, some large pieces are to be seen of the same coral rock as that whith composes^ the shore. ^t^-;;^'- r-^r;-?- v n^v. * We sometimes^ amused ourselves in walking up the country and shooting wild ducks, resembling our widgeon, which are very numerous on the salt lake, as well as on the pool where we procured our water. We found, in these excursions, that the inhabitants frequently deserted their houses to re- pair to the trading-place, without entertaining the least suspicion that strangers would take away or destroy any property that belonged to them. From this circumstance it might be supposed, that most of the natives were sometimes collected on the beach, and that there would be no great difficulty in forming an accurate computation of their num- ber J but the continual resort of visitors from other islands rendered it impossible. However, as we never saw more than a thousand persons collected at one time, it may be reasonably supposed, that there are about twice that number upon the island. '' In the direct tract to Hapaee, whither we Wf re now bound, to the north and north-east oi Anna- mooka, a great number of small isles arc seen. . 2. >. •', ;- PACIFIC .OCEAN. ■»«vi' \ .-t- ^.'••i^.: '■'^y^'''/^fi'i^Y1-^^' ■» ?> JF^ *7i . Amidst the rocks and shoals adjoining to this groups we were doubtful whether there was a free passage for ships of such magnitude as ours^ though the natives sailed through the intervals in their canoes : lerefore, when wc weighed anchor frorti Anna- mooka, we steered to go to the westward of the above islands, and north-northwest toward Kao^ and Toofooa, two island^ remarkable for their gteat heighth, and the most westerly of those in sight. FeenoUy with his attendants, remained in the Reso- tiitidii till about noon, and then entered the large sailing canoe, which had brought him from Ton- gataboo, and stood in amongst the cluster of islands of which we were now abreast. ^ .^ ■ , ; They are scattered, at unequal distances, and most of them are as high as Annamooka. Some of them are two or t|iree miles in length, and others only half a mile. Many of them have steep rocky shores, like Annamooka ^ sonie have reddish clifFs, and others have sandy beaches, cKt'ending almost their whole length In (general, they are entirely cloathed with trees, among which are many cocoa- palms, each having the appearance of a beautiful garden placed in the sea. The serene weather we now had, contributed greatly to heighten the scene 5 and the whole might convey an idea of the realiza- tion of some fairy land. It appears, that some of these islands have been formed as Palmerston's Is- land was supposed to have been 5 for one of them is now entirely sand, and another has but a single bush or tree upon it. In the afternoon, about four o'clock, we steered to the north, leaving Toofoa and Kao on our lar- board. We intended to have anchored for the P 2 ,:v.' ■..-'V' :. ■'■ t t ■:#V V A VOYAGE TO THE i •.'■;::';=* !<' f-'-'i night, but It arrived before we could find a place in less tbtp fifty fathoms watery and we rather chose to spend the night under sail, than come in to such a depth. -■ '•■^^''--, ' : In the afternoon, we had been within two league?' of Toofoa, and observed the smoke of it several timei th the day. There is a volcano upon it, of which the Friendly Islanders entertain superstitious notions, and call it Ko//qfeea, saying, it is ah Otooa, or divinity. We were informed, that it sometimes throws up very large stones, and the crater is com- pared to the size of a small islet, which has i not ceased smoking in the miemory of the inhabitants ; nor have they any tradition that it ever did. We sometimes saw the smoke from the centre of the island, even at Annamooka, the distance of at least ten leagues. We were told that Toofoa was but thinly inhabited, but that the water upon it was ex- cellent. ■ !-■■'.---„ 4' -'•■■■■-■' 'f ■ ^-yy^'.'-H.-'^-:^--' -:-'.:' At day -break, on the rjth, we wer*; hdt far froin Kao, which is a large rock of a conic figure ; - w^e steered to the passage between Footooha and Hafaiva, with a gentle breeze at southeast. About ten o'clock Feenou came on board, and continued with us all day. He brought with him a quantity of ffruit and two hogs j and, in the course of the day, several canoes came to barter quantities of the former article, which was very acceptable to Us, as our stock began to be low. At noon, our latitude was 19^ 49' 45'' south, and we had made seven miles of longitude from Annamooka. After hav- ing passed Footooha, we met with a reef of rocks smd there being but little wind, it wa? attended with some difficulty to keep clca,v of thefli. Hav PACIFIC OCEAN. 173 ing passed tills rcef^ we hauled up for Nccncva, a small low isle in the direction of east-northeast rom Footooha> in hopes of finding^ an anchorage. It were again disappointed ^ for^ notwithstanding we had land in every direction, the sea was unfa- thoiiiable. We plainly saw, in the course of this night, flames issuing from the volcano upon Too- fba. s At day-break on the i6th) we steered, with a gentle breeze at southeast, for Hapaee, which was now in sight ; and perceived it to be low land, from the trees only appearing above the water. At nine o'clock we saw it plainly fcMrming three islands^ nearly equal in size ; and, soon after, a fourth appear^ ed to the southward of these, as large as any of the others. Each of the islands appeared to be of a similiar height and appearance, and about six or seven miles in length. The most northern of them is called Haano, the next Foa, the third Lefooga, and the fourth Hoolaiva ^ but they are all four in- cluded under the general name of Hapaee. ^^^^ By sun- set we got up with the northermost of these isles, where we experienced the same distress for want of anchorage, that we did the two preced- ing evenings ; having another night to spend up- der sail with land and breakers in every direction. Feenou, who had been on board all day, went for- ward to Hapaee in the evening, and took Omai with him in the canoe. He was. not umnindful of our disagreeable situation, and kept up a good fire the whole night, by way of a land-mark. At the return of day-light, on the 17th, being then clos^ in with Foa, we perceived it was joined ^3 '■ *.. I 1.21! it! i.%' .'Mi ,v 174 A VOYAGE TO THE ^■^/■- 1 '/t^-;- : ^ to Haanno, by aTeef running !rom one islanc! to the other, even with the surface of the sea. Cap* tain Cook, dispatched a boat to look for anchdrage and a proper place was found, a-breast of a ret^ which joins Lefooga to Foa, having twenty*four h thorns depth of water. In this station, the nOrthei'n point of Hapaee bore north 16^ east*- We were not above three quarters of a mile from the shore ; and, as we lay before a creek in the reef, it was convenient landing at all times. *fc!"As soon ks- we had anchored, w^e were surround- ed by a multitude of canoes, and our ships were o^-e* •sently iilled with the natives. They brought with them hogs, fowls, fruit, and roots, w^hich they ex- changed for cloth, knives, beads, nails, and hatch- ets. Feenou an4 Omai having come on board, early in the morning, in order to introduce Captain Cook to the people of the island, he soon accom- panied them on shore for that purpose. * ^W' ~ The chief conducted the Captain to a hut, situ- ate close to the sea-beach, which was brought thi- ther but a few minutes before for his reception. In this, Feenou, Omai, and Captain Cook, were seat- ed. The other chiefs, and the' multitude, appefar- ed fronting them on the outside ; and they also seated themselves. Captain Cook being asked hovr long he intended to Titay, answered five days. Taipa was, therefore, ordered to sit by him, and declare this to the people. He then harangued them in words nearly to the following purport, as we after- wards were informed by Omai. He exhorted both old and young to look upon Captain Cook as a friend, who meatit to continue with them a few days) and that; during his stay among them, they ff^r .-'v'/'-; ik-mi^f ■tA: 23:/f ■-■■:' -r'-M?'i;, PACIFIC OCEAN. 175 i^vild not steal any thifig from him, or offend him; in any other manner. He informed them that it; IS expected they should bring hogs, fowls, fruit, - Ic. to the ships 5 for wl^ich they would receive in ^change such articles as he enumerated. Soon af- ter Taipa had delivered his address to the assembly Fecrtou left them j on which Captain Cqpk was in- formed by Taipa, that it was necessary he should make a present to Earoupa, the chief of the island. Tliie Captain being not unprepared for this, gave him such articles as far exceeded his expectation. This liberality cxeated ^similar demands from two chiefs pf other isles who were present, and even v, from Taipa himself. Soon after he had made the ^ last of these presents, Feenou returned, and express- * ed his displeasure with Taipa for suffering the. ^ Captain to be so lavish of his favours. Butthis was, doubtless, a finesscj as he certainly acted in concert - with the others, -i^^-'--' ■■''■v>'^r-*^^;^i5*^'.-;-.u^;-^" - Feenou now resumed his seat, ordering Earoupa to sit by him, and harangue the people as Taipa had done, which he did nearly to the same purpose. These ceremonies over, the chief, at the Captain's request, conducted him to three stagnant pools of what he called fresh water j in one of which the wattr was indeed tolerable, and the situation con- venient for filling our casks. On his return to his former station, he found a baked hog and some yams, smoking hot, ready to be conveyed pn board, for his dinner^ He invited Feenou and his friends to partake of the repast, and they embarked for the ship, though none but himself sat down with us at table. Dinner being over^^ the Captain conducted them on shore j and, before he returned^ tec^ived. 1 1 >'■■.■, lii > ' Ml . ' ? ^H :';,v,sk;';;Hl I ,H' ' •**■ f »;.'<:' ■i.!' 176 A VOYAGE TO THE ' f V ^ n U \\>f (ji. ■1:', <^-;:;i>r: as a present from tne chiefs a fine large turtle, and a quantity of yams. We had a plentiful supply of provisions, for, in the course of the day^ we go by bartering with the natives, about twenty sm hogs, together with a large quantity of fruit and . roots. On Sunday the itSth, early in the morning, Fee- nou and Omai, wlio now slept on shore with the chief, came on board, to request Captain Cook^s presence upon the island. He accompanied them, and, upon landing, was conducted to the place where he had been seated the preceding day, and where he beheld a large concourse of people already assembled. Though he imagined that something extraordinary was in -agitation, yet he could not conjecture what, nor could Omai give him any in- formation. ' Soon after he was seated, about an hundred of the natives appeared, and advanced, laden with yams, plantains, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts^ and sugar canes ^ their burdens were deposited on our left. A number of others arrived soon after, bearing the same kind of articles, which were collected into two piles on the tight side. To these were fastened two pigs, and half a dozen fowls ^ and to those up- ons the left, six pigs and two turtles. Earoupa seat- ed himself before the articles on the left side, and another chief before those on the right } they being, it was supposed^ the two chiefs who had procured theni by order of Feenbu, who was as implicitly obeyed here as he had been at Annamooka, and who had probably laid this tax upon the chiefs of Hapaee for the present occasion* > j; ^ • When this munificent collection of prpvisions k^- tie, and ipply of |wc go ty SID lit and 'g> Fee. 'ith the Cook's Id them, ie place |ay, and already icthing iuld not any in- idrcd of ?n with d sugar )ur left, ing the nto two astened lose up- pa seat- ie, and being, ocured slicitly 9, and iefs of visions '■■-i ■,%. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) h I ^-^^ ^> '% 23 WEST MAIN liTREET WEBSTER, N.'. M580 t7 ' *•/ 2-4503 <6 l!|«^P«fPPP"P"piiii""«iP»il|pii ~^**-t-^A":- 1;^| ^ ^ 'i •■"V*"l'?'**«**n.?;'*(t*'n'«-.*^-i P"M ipaCific oc£aN. m was placed im order, and advantageously disposed, Ab bearers of i^ joined the multitude, who formed - circle round the whole Immediately after, a \htt of men, armed with clubs, entered this cit- 'ot area j where the3r paraded about for a few mmutesVand then one half of them retired to one sides, and the other half to the other side, seating ;roselves before the spectators. * Presently after, successively' entertained us with single com* IBS ; one chamjpion from one side challenging those of the other F;de, partly by words, but more by ei^- ptes^Ve gestures, ip send one of their party to op- pose him^ Tile cWkllenge was, in general, accept- ed •, the iBvo comlfetants placed themselves in pro- jier attitudes, and the engagement began, vvhich continued till one of them yielded, or till their \\'^« Jtons were broken. At the conclusion of each com- bat, the victor snuatted himseilf down before the chief, then immediately rose up and retired. Some old men, who seemed to preside as judges, gave their plaudit in a very few words j and che multitude, espe- cially those on the side Of the conqueror, celebrate3 the glory he had acquired in two or three loud huzBfls. ■ - This entertainment was sometimes suspended for a short space, and, the intervals of time were filled op with wrestling and boxing-matches. The first were performed in the method practised at Ota-^«^ heite, and the second differed very little from the English manner. A couple of stout wenches next stepped forth, and, without ceremony, began box- ing with as much dexterity as the men. This con- test, however, was but of short duration, for, in the }>pace of half a minute, one. of t^em gave it up. C mm m Pacific oc£aN. 177 was placed is order, and advantageously disposed, thb bearers of ilj joined the multitude, who formed - :ircle round the whole Immediately after, a iber of men, armed with clubs, entered this cir^ ;,;otarea J where they paraded about for a few i6inutes, and then one half of them retired to one siBei, and the other half to the other side, seating iroselves before the spectators. • Presently after, successively- entertained us with single com* J one chamjpion from one side challenging those of the other p;de, partly by word«, but more by ej^- pfes^ive gestures. ||| send one of their party to op- f|«»e him, Tlie cmElIenge was, in general, accept- ed •, the two comlfetants placed themselves in pro- per attitudes, and the engagement began, \vhich continued till one of them yielded, or till their wiaa« pons were broken. At the conclusion of each com- bat, the victor squatted hinasclf down before the chief, then immediately rose up and retired. Some bid men, who seemed to preside as judges, gave their plaudit in a very few words j and the multitude, espe- cially those on the side bf the conqueror, celebrate3 the glory he had acquired in two oi* three loud huz»«s. This entertainment was sometimes suspended for a short space, and, the intervals of time were filled 6p with wrestling and boxing-matches. The first ivere performed in the method practised at Ota-" heite, and the second differed very little from the English manner, A couple of stout wenches next Stepped forth, and, without ceremony, began box- ing with as much dexterity as the men. This con- test, however, was but of short duration, for, in the /:'',:,:;*■ f 1 If c ^1 mm^^^ ^wm"""^^'^'^ 178 A VOYAGE TO THE Hie victorious heroine was applaude4,b7 the spec- tatorsf in the same mann^sr as the successful com- batants of the other sex. Though we 'express* some disapprobation at this part of tb^ enterti ment^ it did not hinder two other females from tiering the lists ^ who seemed to be spirited gi'lv and| if two old women had not interposed to part them. Would probably have given each other a g< drubbing. At least three thousand spectators. wi^_ present when these combats were ^hibited, |M every thing was conducted witlh^'th^ most perjtect good humour on all sides j ^%ug^ ^^^ ^^\^^ chaI^pions, of both sexes, rewve^ hl^^f. ^°i^' they must have felt the e£fect of i^r. some time" aner. The diversions being finished^ the chief informed Captain Gx>k» that the provisions on our right hand were a present to Oipu^ and that those on our left (makii^g about two-thirds of the whole quantity) were mtended for him, and that he might suit his own convenience in taking them on board. , Four boats were loaded with the munificence of Feenouy whose favours far exceeded any that Cap- tain Cook had ever received from the sovereigns of any of the islands which he had visited in the Paci- fic Ocean. He, therefore, embraced the first op- portunity of convincing Feenou that he was not in- sensible of his liberality, by bestowing tipon him such commodities as he supposed were most valu- able in his estimation. Feenou was so highly pleas- ed with the return that was made him, that he left the Captain still indebted to him, by sending him two large hogs, sojme yams, and a Considerable quantity of cloth. PACIFIC OCEAN. m Feenou having expressed a desire to see tlie marines perform their exercise, CaptaimCook or* •red them all ashore on the morning of the loth : Maf . After they had gone through various >liitions, and fired several voUies, which seemed to give pleasure to our numerous spectators, the chief/ in his turn, entertained us with an exhibition, which was performed with an e^isctness and dex- terity, far surpassing what they had seen of our military manoeuvres. It was a kind of dance, per* formed by men, in which one hundred and five per- sons were engaged^! ieach having an instrument in his hands, resembHng a paddle, two feet and an half long, with a thin blade, and a small handle. With these instruments various flourishes were made, each of which was accompanied with«a different movement, or a different attitude of the body. At first, the dancers ranged themsielvesin three lines, ind so changed their stations by different evolutions, that those who had been in tire rear came into the front, At one part of (the performance, they ex- tended thei^selves in one line ^ afterwards they formed themselves into a semi-circle ; and then in- to two square columns. During the last movement, ^0ne of them came forward, and performed an antic, dance before Captain Cook, with which the enter-^ 'tainment ended.'' •-----''•::>v-^^ :.:•*■■. ..-^ - The music that accompanied the dances was produced by two drums, or rather i^oUow logs of wood, from which they forced some varied notes by beating on them with two sticks. The dancers, however, did not appear to be much.asristed or dU rected by these sounds ; but by a chorus of vocal music, in which all the performers joined. Tbeir ^p ^«o A VOYAGIC TO THli song was rather melodious^ and their correspond? in v ipdtion5 i^re so skilfully executed,, that th • >yhole body of dancers appeared as one regular mat hi n^. Such a perfbrmance' would heve been applauc even on an European theatre. It far exceeded attempt that we had made to entSertain t^em ; in^ somuch: that they seemed to plume themselves on their superiorityiiovcr us. They esteeired none of our musical instruments, except the drumf and even thought that inferior to their own. TheyHeld pur French-horns in the highest contempt^ and would not pay the smallest attention to tjiem» ei^hjeribere or at any other ^f the islands. . V , Xo give them a more favourable opinion of the amusements and superior attainments of the English, .Captain Cook-- ordered some fire- works to b^ pre- spared ^ and« after it was dark, exhibited them in the presence of Feisnou, and a yast multitude of people. They wjtre highly entertVned with the performance in general j but our water and sjcy- rockets« in particular, astonished .them beyond all conception. They now admitted that the .*t;ale was turned in our favour* . ^ . . This, however, served onjy asi jpn additional sti- mulus to urge them! ta proceed tq/ffesh exertions of their singular dexterity. > As ^oon as our fire- works were ended, . a succession of dances, which )Feenou had prepared for our entei|tainn](ent, began. A band of tnusic,, or chorus consisting of eighteen m^en, seated thcrnscHes before us,^ in the centre ofj a circle formed by the numerous spectators. About /our pr 5ve of the perfortners had each pieces of I large bambG|0, from three to six fe|t in length, cfpb played on by one m^n, who held it almost | s ,'r di rfmt^ oe2A3^ i*i? ■%■-. -y- ■Si^ ^.'^, , ^>*« ■ vierdcaHy 5 tlrt uj^jpifend'df wWStWal opttt; Btit^ th(» other closdd by ortid of tlie joint9. «Th«y kept^ ^ristttntly striking tliii ground, though ilbvfly^ ^Jkh th^ cloi« endj aitd thus plrodUiced viEiriety of Kesv ac^ordlhg'to thed^crent letigthsof the in^^ strumttlttf,' but alV wcfie of the baM or hollow kind f' which Wa^ c6uhterflct«d b^ a p^rsou^ who struck^ nittibl^ a -pifccef of th^ ^iAh sub^anctf, sptit, and lyiHg ii{»on the grotmd^^ fumiiihing a tone as aoul#- as the others were grave and solenih; The^ wholeff tff the b^d (itiduding tho&e whi^ perfortned uik>n ^ the baiBboos)-sulig a slow s6ft aif, which so finely^ t^inpered the hkrstier notes of the instifunibnts, that^ the most perfect judge of the nioduktibn 'of sweets 0undis could not avoid confessing the vast power, and pleiaiing effect^ of this siniple hftrmil»iy; ' ^ Th<^ coheerC havitlg c6ntinued nbdUt a quarter^ of an hbUr^ twenty woln^n entered' thie circle. Most> of thi^rii had tipoi^ their beads garlands of the Ctiioa^l son flowers of the China rose, or othi^Vs $ and many' of them had orn s^^hted their p^fiiOn^ with kaves' of tree*,:' cut withra grea* deal of nicety about this" edges. They made a circle romid the chorusy tarnin^ their faces- towards it, and b^gan by sihgt ittg a sofi^ air, to Which resfK>ns€s Vretttmde by thte chorus xn the sam^ tone *, and the^C weipe repeated alternately. AH this whik, the Woftiett aecom<. piAkd their *ofig with s^^^eral v^y gracefel motion^ of their hands towards their fstee^^ and In cfther 6tU r^ctto^si at th<^ safme time^ making constantly a^tefii' forward, tiAd theft back agahij with one foot, whife the otherivas fiked. They then turned their facet to the aissembly, sUng some timif, and retreated sl6wly in a body, to th^ part of tJie circle wbidi .1 it «(f> vol.. u :v? n i8t A VOYAGE TO THE M was opposite tlie hut where the principal spectator^ sat. : After thisy one of them advan^d from each side, meeting and passing each othef in the front, and continuing their progress round, till they camf to the rest. On which» two advanced from ea< side, two of whom |dso passed each blher^ and re- turned as the former y but the other two remained, and to these came one, from each side, by intervals, till the whole numbef had again formed a circle about the chorus. ^ ^ . Their manner of dancing was now changed to * it quicker measure, in which they made a kind of half turn by leaping* and clapped their hands^ lind snapped their fingers, repeating some words in con- junction with the chorus. Toward the end, as the quickness of the music increased, thenr gestures and attitudes were iraried with wonderful vigour and : dexterity > and sopie of their, motions, perhaps, would, with us, be reckoned rather indecent. Though this part of the performance^ most proba- bly, was not meant to convey any wantoti ideas, V but merely to display the astonishing variety of r;,;' their movements. < ■-^^t.vi..^ ■.:%■■ •■ ■ ^^ - ' To this grand femsile ballet succeeded a variety •of other dances, in which the men bore a principal part« ' In some of these, the dancers increased their motions to a prodigious quickness, shaking their heads from shoulder to shoulder, with jsuch force, that a spectator, unnccu^med to the sight^, would ^%puppose they ran the rts^of dislocating m^l^^^i^^ Thieir discipline was admir^le.^ and, m no instance was more'remarkable, than in the sudden tranntions they so d exterously made, from the ruder c;xertians aiidha^sounf*8,t^jth^^ Mi^i:-^- ■•^t^;y' m '*- ■ ?AGIFIC 0C£AN« '^.■i^'V ?83 tie movements*. The place where these dances tvejre performed, was.an open space among the trees> just by the sea, ^ith Hghts, at small intervals^ placed round the inside 6t the circle* . ; This, dance b«ng ended, after a conndefable in- terval, twelve other men advanced, placing them- ' selves, in double rows, fronting each other. On "^ one side was stationed a kind ofprompter, who re- . peated several sentences, to which responses were . made by the performers and the chorus. They ^ sung and danced slowly j and graduaHy grew "*' qeiekd:, like^pse whom tiiey had succeeded.'^;^ The next who exhibited themelVes were nine women, who sat down opposite the hnt where the chief had placed himself. A man immediately rose and gave the first of these women a blow on the back^ with both his fists joined. He treated the second and third in the same manner; but when he came to the fourth, he struck her upon the breast. Upon seeing this, a person instatitly rising iip ftom among the crowd, knocked hjm down with « blow on the head, and he was quietly carri '-■;.t^' ^■p ^mm mmi A, Vpy^pE TO TKE "!.'' |. . '^if^r. 'V;: M^ ■ '-%.' .M"^"'' 1^4 the same tnanner by a person who succeeded him. When ^hese nine women 4^pced, their perforiqaoce was tvt^i^eii^tapprpved of, a^d they were obliged to repeat it again.* Tliere^was no g];eat di&reDce tween tl^is^ance and that of tbeitrst^vcuneiiy ex? cept that these soinuet|mes raise4,the bqdy upon one leg, a^ t^eii ^^pon :^be .q^her, alternately, by > $ort pt double ^9t|pn. , ; Soon after, % per^p uiVMcpeGtjBfJly^nterqd, ma- king some 4^4iero^s j?e{nai[ks Qn tl^ fiife-iyoirk^ that had been exhibited«v/hich extorted a burst of laugh- ter from tbe crowd.. ,^e )^d then a .4ajnc^b}i jthe attendants of Feenou ythity formed , a doi^tleqircle of twenty-four qach round (^he chorus, ai\d joined in . a gentle soothing jBpng, accompanied with tihe motipns of the be^ and han4s. They, al^ begaii with slow movements, .which .gradiiaUy bec^n^e more m^d more rapid^ and finally closed with seve- ral very ingenious tratmiositions of the two circles. -J The two Ifist dances were ^nivjcrsally approy^d , by aU die speclf^^qcs. "JTIiey ^jpre perfectly in t|me, and sonie of^their gesturesgivere so expressive, rtihgt it might jusdy be ^aid, thev ^^pp)Le the language that aCcpmpanied ;^hem. 1 hough ^hf concpurse Qf{ people was pretty large, their number was much in- ferior, to [that as^n^bled in the forenoon , when the marines periormed their exercise. At that time many of f the perfon» fttd ^ Other the aeecription of his rank oc title. > '»^':^v PACIFIC OCEAN. tjiriif ,ivhicli *v^pvild be in four or five days; after wh$4;h Feenou woi^d jccompany us to Tpngati^boo. C^tnin Cook consepUd to ^ait the return of this xh^f, .w)io ^i^medJ^itely set out for Vavaoo* (h. W ^^j ,^ fc^PO't y^^ industriously spread abpi^t by .some of the islanders, that a ship resembling burs had arrived at Annamppka since we left it» and lyas now i^t anchor |here. It was also reporter • ed, that Tpobpu, the chief qf that island, was has« / tening thither to reqeiye these new visitors. After inquiry, however, it a^pear^d, that this report was tptally void of foundation. K is difficult <"- con- . jecture ^hat purpose tlie invention of *h.*s ta^e ^Quld an^^l^er ; unless ^e si^ppose it was con^nved with a view of getting us reropved from pne if^pd to th^ other. Qn Sunday the 25th, Captain Cook t\ent into a house where a woman was dressing the eyes of ^ child, who , seemed blind. The instruments used by this female oculist wea^e two slender wooden probes, ^ith which she hrushed the eyes so as to malCe tkpvi bleed. In the same b^use he found anptber woman shaving a child's head with a shark's .tQpth, stuck into the end of a stick : she first wetr ted the hair with a rag dipped in water, and then m^mng u^e of her instrument, took off the hair as clp$e as jf a razor had beep employed. Captain Cook soon after tried upon himself one of these re- markable instruments, which he found to be an excellent substitute. The natives of these islands, ho;wcvtr, have a different method of shaving their beards, which operation they perform witli two shells } one of which they place under a part of the beard, and with the other, applied abovei they V-, »-%■; -^*f.-v ■■ ■•.»' J r88 A VOYAGE TO THK ^K- ■"1. 'scrape oifftliat part: in tills ibanner they can ^avc yeVy clcif, though the prbciess is rather tedious. There are among them tome men who seem tp pro- fess this trade I ror it was a's common for our ^ailon lo go ashore to have their beards scraped off after the mode of Hapaee, as it was for th^ir chiefs to ^iortie on board to be shaved by our barbers. "^'Captain Cook finding little or nothing of what the island produced was now brought to the ships, determined to change his station^ and to wait Fee- nou*s return in sotne other anchoring- place, where we might still meet with refreshments. W^ ac- cordingly, on the 26thf made sail to the southward along the reef of the island, and having passed se- veral shoals, hauled into a bay that lies between the north end of Hoolaiva and the sputh of Lefoo- ga, and there anchored. We had no sooner cast anchor, than Mr Bligh, inaster of the Resolution, was sent to sound the bay where we were now sta- tioned 'y and Captain Cook, accompanied by lieu- tenant Gore, landed on the southern part of Lefoo- ga, to look for fresh water, and examine the coun- try. On the west side of the island, they observed an artificial mount of considerable antiquity, about forty feet high, and measuring about fifty feet in the diameter of its summit. At the bottom of this mount was a stone fourteen feet high, two and a half thick, and four broad, hewn out of Cora) rock ^ and they were informed by the islanders, that npt more than half its length was seen above groynd* Tbey called it Tangata j^reeke^*; ^d said it had • Tangata f in the language of these people, is man 5 Aret* ir*,king. 1 . !!:H: , ■''^■..',^£&..:'^'. ..>':->;>.^>;.4*v ^PACIFIC OCEAN. •■ if * i8j9 been set i^p, and the mount raised^ in memory pf one of their kings. On the approach of night, the Captain and Mr Gore returned on hoards and Mr ,£ligh came back from sounding the bay, in whicl^ be found from fourteen to twenty fathoms watex-p with a bottom principally of sand. * Lefooga and Hoolaiva are separated from each o^herby a reef of coral rocks, dry at low water. Soipe of our gentlemen, who landed in the last ijOLentiot^ed island^ fpund not the ^msdlest roa^j^r^i, '^^^.-i,, -U -■■ - ; .On Tuesday the a^lh, at break of day, the Commodore made the signal to weigh j and as he intended to attempt, in his way to Tongatabpo, a . passage to j^nn^^^ka, by the southwest, among tl^e intermediate isjcs, he sent Mr B^'';h in a boat to scsund before the ships. But before we got un« der sail, the v^ind became so variable and unsettled as to render k unsafe to attempt a passage with which we were so little acquainted : we therefore Jay faist and xaade signal for the master to return. Jiv Captain Odok had now an opportunity of dis- covering that -Feenpu was not the King of the :i<.^: :"* t 4. ipo ,-^'M: A VOYAGE TO THE Friendly Islands, but only a subordinate chief*) for that title^ it appeared, belonged to Futtaiaihe, or Poulaho, whose residence was at Tongataboo, and >^lvh6 now came under the stem of the Resolution, in a large sailing canoe, ' It being my interest,*^ says the Captain,^ as well as my inclination, to pay %ourt X6 all the great men, without inquiring into the validity of their assumed titles, I in^ted Poula- ' ho on board, as I understood he was very desirous to come* He could not be an unwelcome gtiest; i^for he brought with him as a present to me, two "good fat hogs ^ though not so fat as himself If weight of body could give weight in rank or power, ' he was certainly the moU eminent man in that re- spect we had seen \ for, though not very tall, he ? wias very unwieldy, and almost shapeless with cor- pulence. He seemed to be about forty years of age, >had straight hair, and his features differed a good - fdeal from those of the bulk of the people,* >• • • By a prudent regulation in their government / says ^i; Captain Cook, * the natives have an officer over the police, 5 or something like' it. This department, when we wi *e .amongst them, was administered by Feenou ; whose business 'Ve were told, it was, to punish all offenders, whether against %he state, or against individuals. He was al^o Generalissimo, land comnianded the warriors, when called out upon service; but, by ail accountfli, this is very seldom. The King fre- .quently took some pains to inform us ef Feenou's office ; and, among oth(^r things, told us, that if he himself should becohie a bad man, Feenou would kill him. What I under- stood, by this expression of being a bad man, was, that i{| he did not govern according to law or custom, Feenou would | be ordered, by the other great men, or by the people at large to put him to death. There should seem to bt: no I doubt, that a ^pvereign, thus Uable to be controuled* and I m ^;1^"^ K. wy-.-Jr f AGIFIC OCEAN^ 191 cf^jfor sdhe, or ^00, and ution, ini !8t,^ says to pay irig into d Poula. desirous 5 gtiest; me, two sclji If n power, thtit re- tall, he vith cor- •s of age, i a good irtiii/ says the police, we wi *e le business her againbt eralissimo, >n service; King fre- )u*9 ofTice; self should It I under- as, that if I nou would people atj to hi no Duled, and iPdulaho appeared to be a sedate sensible man*. After he had seen every object on deck» and asked many pertinent questions } the Captain desired him [to walk down into the cabin. To this some of his attendants objected ^ observing, that if he were to do so, it mtist happen, that people would walk over Us head, which could not be permitted. To ob- '. :] vlate this, the Captain gave them to understand, ; . I that no one should presume to walk on that part of the deck which was over the cabin. Whether this would have satisfied them was far from appearing $ but the King himself, less scrupulous, waved all, ceremony, and walked down without any stipuhr tion. He sat dpwn with them to dinner ^ but ate little, and drank less. When he arose from the table, he desired the Captain to accompany him a^ore. Omai was asked to be of the party ^ but . he had formed the closest connection with Feenou, with whom (as the strongest proof of it) he had ex- changed names, and he was too faithfully attached to him to show any attention to his competitor j he f ' therefore excused himself. The Captain, in his own boat, attended the King ashore^ having first made him presents that surpassed his expectations ^ ;' m return for whicn, Poulaho ordered two more i.^ jhogs to be sent on board. The chief was then car- J'[: lied out of the boat, by his own subjects, on a ^ jboard resembling a hand-barrow, and immecliately . Iseated himself in a small house near the shore. He - Iplaced the Captain at his side ^ and his attendants. . Iformed a semi-circle before them, on the outside lished for an abuse of power, annot be calfed a deppotfc I I s ^^■ iM'''. ' :v )!'*..» 192- A VOYAGE Ta THk "#'■ ^•r' m'l of tli)e house. An old womjin' sat close to' tlit diibf, with a ktfid'of fan in her hand, to prevent his be- ihg incommoded b^r the flies. The varitiiis articles which his people had prooiiriEd by trading on board the shi^s being nbw. displayed bi^fbre him; he at- tentively looked over theili allj inqmr^d wha^t th^y h^d^giveii in exchange,' and at lengtli ordei^ eve^ ty thing tcf be returned to thfe respective oi^ners, except a glass bowl, which heri served fot him- self; Those who brought thi^se thiiig^ to him first squatted thieimelves ddwii before him, thi^n^ deposit, ed theii^ purchases, and instantly rose and remred. They observed the same ceremony in takitig them away; and notohe of them ^restttbedto speak to him standing. His attendants, just before they left him, pard him obeisance, by boWing their hcadr down to the sole of his foot, and touching it with the upper and und^r side of the fingers of each hand. Captain Cook wa^ charmed with' the deco- rum that was maintained on this occasion, having scarce s^en the like any wher^, even among moi^e civilized nations, "■^:;-^ ■ ^..•■i;u'^:^o,.:^ a'.;-;-' „ -^^^./^ •• .. ^ ■•'• When the Cajrf^h aiwcd'oi^ feat^ hti)uM| the master returned from his exp^dttibn,' who in- foriped him^ that ^s far as he had proceeded thei'e^ was a passage for thi6 ships, and tolerable an'choY< CLge ; but that, towards the s6uth and south easii, he observed numerous shoals, breakei^, and smalt | isles., In consequence of this rcportf, ^^^ reUncjurslit ^ all thoughts of a passafge that way ; and being! resolved to return to Annahiooka by the same route which we had so lately experienced to be a safe one, %e should have skiled the next mornings which wajj the 28th, if the wind had not been unsettled^ fw :^^' >.., .,i«1rV.. ■Nf:> J^iA$^l"'-': K^.0. •"fmfm^mmfimff^fww mw%>^Dm\m iirmi/Ufy'!-^"^"!; '«.* ■ w'jVW, t PACIFIC OCSAN. :i.;r m labo catne early on boaWj bringThg a rcd-fcatlifered^' cap as a present to Captain Cook. These caps were' greatly sought after by us, a» we knew they wouldl. . be highly valued at Otaheite > but not one was cver^ brought for sale, though very large prices were of-, Aired 'y nor could sr person in either ship make him- sfelf the proprietor of one, except the two Captaihs-and: Otnat. They are' composed of the tslil feathers oF^^ the tropic bird, intermixed with the red feathers of' the parroquet y and are made in such a manner a^ to tie on the forehead without any crowh, and have* the form of a semi-circle, whose radius is eighteen* or twenty inches. But the best idea: of them will' r be conveyed by Mr Webber^s representation of Poulaho, ornamented with one of these cdps or bon- nets. The chief left the ship in the evening y butn Mi brother, whose name also was Futafaihe, and a some of his attendants, remained all night on board. Ort the 29th, at day-break, ; we weighed with atj' £ne breeze at east«northeast, aild made sail to thei westw^^tid, followed by several sailing canoes, in; (jjie of which was Poulaho, the king, who, gettingf on board the Resolution, inquired for his brother," and the others who had continued with us all night,tt We now found that they had staid without his per-i i mission, for he gave them such a reprimand asf? broug'' t^ars from their eyes: however, he wai udpti reconciled to their making a longer stay 5 fbr,^f oh his departure from the ship, he left his brothet • 8^d five attendants on board. We were ?ls6 ho4 nbured with the companyof a chief named Toobou^^ ?; fortinfitely been jdst ordered dpon deck, to put the •ship about, and most of them being at their respec* tive stations, the necessary movements were per* -formed with judgment and alertness, and this alone preserved us from destruction. The Discovery be* ing astern incurred no dager. This narrow escape so alarmed the natives who ivere on boatd, that they were eagerly desirous of^ gettihg^ ashore : accordingly, on the return of day- light, ac boat was hoisted out, and the officer who -comnianded her was ordered, after landing them at Kotoo^ to sound for anchorage along the reef that projects from that island. During the absence of the boat, we endeavoured to turn the ships through the channel between the reef of Kotoo ahd thie sandy i^ j but meeting with a strong current agamst us, we were obliged to delist, and cast anr chor inlBfty fathoms water, the sandy isle bearing east by north, about the distance of one mile. Jiere we refnained till the 4th of June, being frequently visited by the king, by Tooboiieitoa, and by peo- ple who came from the neighbouring islands to traf- fic with us. Mr £ligh was, in the mean time, dis- patched to sound the chanr^els between the islands situate to the eastward) ana Captain Cook himself landed on Kotoo/ to take a survey of it. This island, on account of the coral reefs that environ it, is scarcely accessible by boats. Its northwest end is low J biit it rises suddenly in the middle, and ter- minates at the sdotii east end in reddish clayey cliffs. It produces the same fruits and roots with the ad- jacent islands, and is tolerably cultivated, though thinly inhabited. It is about two miles in length. White Ae Commodore Was w?lking all pvipr it| our ' n ■ \ ' ■ r 196 A VOY iCK Xa THE *tt'{i': "y<:"?^^hy' ;,t.' « M^' people were occupied in cutting grs&s for the cattle, and we planted some melon seeds. On our retprn to the boat, we passed by some ponds of dirt^r brackish w^er, and saw a burying-place, which ,was considerably neater than those, of Hapaee. " :We weighed in the morning of the 4th, and with a fresh gale at east-southeast, madfe sail towards Annamoqka, where we anchored the next mornings nearly in the same station which we had so lately occupied. Captain Cook soon after went on shore, and found the islanders very busy in their plant*, tions, digging up yams for traffic. In the cAutse ;Qf the day, lubout two hundred of them assemoled on the beach, and traded with great eagerness, (t .appeared that they had been very diligent, during our a|;)sence, in cultivating; for we now observed several large plautain fields, in places which, in joux late visit, we had ^en lying waste. . The yams were now in the highest perfection ; and we obtain- ed a good qpatitity of them, in exchange for iron. Before the Captain returned on board, he visited the several places where he had sown melon and cucumber seeds ; but found, to his great regret, that most of them had been destrciyed by vermin.) though some pine-apple plants which he had also left were in a thriving condition. , i t)n Friday the dtb* about noon, Feenou arrivefl from Vavaoo, and informed us, that several tanoef, Ir.den with hogs and other provisions, had sailefi with him from that island, but had been lost; in the late tempestuous weather, and e^ery person on board of them had perished: This melancholy tale did not gain much credit with us, as we were by this time suSiciently acquainted with the ^haractei pf A'^Hi ^i«PWF ';■;- ^> PACIFIC OCB&^H. .•:iK- *^;4, '',■.'* ., m »i>T ■»(■♦' ihe ifelater. The tnith perhaps waV that he had been unable to procure at Vavaoo the expec ted sup- plies ; or if he" had obtained any there, that he had left them at Hapaee, which lay in his tivijr back, and ivhere he must have heard that Poulaho had come to visit us : who^ therefore, he knew^ Kould, as his superior, reap all the merit and reward €>f pro- Curing these supplies, without having had any par- ticipation of the trouble. The invention, however, of this loss at sea was not ill imagined ; for we had lately had very stormy wieather. On the sue* ceeding morning, Poulaho and some other chiefs arrived \ at which time Captain Cook happened to be ashore with Feenou, who now appeared to be sensible of the impropriety of his conduct, in arro% gating a character which he had no just claim to \ for he not only acknowledged Poulaho as sovereign ^f Tongataboo and the adjacent isles, but affected to insist much on it. The Captain left him, and went to pay a visit to the king, whom he found sit*^ ting with a few of the natives before him, but great numbers hastening to pay their respects to him, the circle increased very fast. When Feenou approach- ed, he placed himself among the rest that sat before Poulaho, as attendants on his Majesty. He at first seemed to be somewhat confused and abashed \ but soon recovered from his agitation. Some conver- sation passed between these two chiefs, who went on board with the Captain to dinner \ but only Poulaho sat at table. Feenou, after having made his obeisance in the usual mode, by saluting the foot of his sovereign with his head and hands, retir- ed from the cabin \ and it now appeared that lie .could neither eat nor drink in the king^s preset{te« <^' ^;':v'^./;t--''>;';,;^>"'- ^''S": aoo A VOYAGE TO TftE ■? , anchored over a sandy bottom^ wbere the depth of ivajter was ten fathoms. Our distance Irom the ^horei exceeded a quarter of a mile. v ' WfCihad not been long at anchor off Tongataboo, ivhcn ^Captain Cook landed on the island, accom- panied -by somje of the officers and Omai. They foond:^the king waiting for them on the beach, who conducted them to a small neat house near the woods^ wifhvaii ^extensive area before it, and told the Cap- taifiy thfliit it was at his service during his continu- ance on the island. Before they had been loiig in tho'hous^i a laf ge circle of the natives assembled before them,, and seated themselves upon the area. A root of the kava plant being brought to the king, he commanded it to be split in pieces, and distribut- ed to several people, of both sexes, who began to chew it, and soon prepared a bowl of their favour- ite liquor. Meanwhile, a baked hog, and a quan- tity of baked yams, were produced, and divided into ten jportions. These shares were given to some of those who were present, except one, which re< mained undisposed of, and which was probably re- served for the king himself. The liquor was next served out^ and the first cup being brought to hii majesty, he ordered it to be given to a person who sat pear him : the second *;<^as also brought to hitn, which he kept : the third was given to Captain Cook \ but their mode of preparing the liquor hav- ing given him a distaste for it, it was brought to Omai • The reniainder of it was distributed to dif- ferent people \ and one of the cups being carried 1to Poulaho^s brother, he retired with this, and with his share of ihe provisions. Some others also withr dc^w from ^e circW with their poHipns, beca\iffi ■M> I- 7^ bj >-'r^i .■■'■:^ Iv^ in m m iim .*^ ' ! M^l • 1 L 1 ' '^K i 1 i ■ V ■ ^i^ - ■SIPS ■■ '4 y-:'ilr- VV PACIl'lC OCEAN. 201 K: -■K!\ they could neither cat nor drink in hh majesty ^s pr^5encc : but there were others of an inferior rank, of both sexes, who both ate and drank before him. Soon afterwards, the greater part of them went away, carrying with them what they had not ate oJF tbeir share of the feast. It is worthy of remark, that the servants, who distributed the meat and the k^t delivered it sitting, not only to the king, faiit to tnc others .-^ ■■^^4*^^- '«'ir><'**^:^^wi^:^^.-yn ^ - ij,;p/ ^f-f*- -v^^^^^^^ ^^ivi^'^-T;'^--" Captain Cook, before he returned on boprd, went in search of a watering-place, and w&s conducted to ^ome ponds, in one of which the ^ater was tblera^ ' ble, but it was at some distance inland. ~ Being in- formed that the small island of Pangimodoo, near which the ships were stationed, could better supply^ , this important article, he went over to it the next jnorkiing, and found there a pool containing fresh- er water than any he had met with among these islands. This pool being extremely dirty, he caus- ed it to be cleaned *, and here it was that we ^lled our -water-casks. The same morning a tent was pitched near the house which the king had asdgned for our use. The horses, cattle, and sheep, were then landed, and a party of marines stationed there , as a guard. The observatory waF set up at an in- considerable distance from the other tent ; and Mt . King took up his residence on shore, to direct the obscrvatiotis, and superintend all other necessary business. A party was occupied in cutting wood • for fuel, and planks for the ships 5 and thfe gunners were appointed to conduct the traffic with the in- habitants, who flocked from all parts of the island with hogs, yams, cocoa-nuts, and other articles, in- somucli^ that our land station resembled a fair, and V 7p2 A VOYAGE TO THE . ^ t our ships were remarkably crowded witti visitantn Feenou residing m pur neighbourhood^ we had daily proofs of his opulence and generosity, by the continuance of his valuable donations. Pbulaho was equally attentive to us in this respect, as scarcely a day passed without his favouring us with consider* abk presents* We were now informed that a per* fon of the name of Mareewagee was of very high rank in the island, and was treated with great re- verence V nay, if our interpreter Omai did not mis- understand his informers, that he was superior to Pottlabo himself ^ but ^at, being advanced in years, he Kved iff %retirementy and therefore was not in* cliiied to pay us a visit. This intelligence exciting tW cariosity of Captain Cook> he sigrufied to Pou- laho his intention of waiting upon Mareewagee*^ and the king having agreed to accompany him, they: set out the next mpming in the pinnace, Cap- lain Clerkv joining them in or , of his owa boats. They proceeded to the eastward of the little isles which form the harbour, and then, turaing towards the south, entered a spacious bay, up which they flowed about three miles^ and landed amidst a great VconCourse of people, who received them whh &hout& and acclamations. The crowd instantly separated^ that Poulaho might pass, who took our gentlemen into a sixiall enclosure, and changed the piece of cloth he wore, for a new piece, very neatly folded: an old woman assisted in dressing him, and put a large mat bVer his cloth. Being now asked where IMareewagee was, he said, to the great surprise of ihe gentlemen, that he was gone down to the ships. However, he requested them to accompany him to ^Ikma/aee, or house of public resort } and when they m mmmtm^^ PACIFIC OC£AN. 203 came to a Urge area before it, he seated bimself in the path, while they^ at ht» desire, walked up to the house, and sat down in the front. After ¥raitin|r a little while, they x^epeated their inquiries, by %e medium of O.mai, whether they were to be introdo''^ ced to Mareewagee ? But receiving no satisfactory answer, and being inclined to suspect that the aged chief was purposely concealed fi^om them, they re- turned to their boats much piqued at their disap^ pointment. It afterwards appeared that Mareewa-. gee had not been there } and that, in this affiiir, spme gross mistakes had been made, Omai, either having been misinformed, or having misunderstood what was told him concerning the old chiefs The place our gentlemen went to was a very pleasant village, delightfully situate on the banks of the bay or inlet, where most of the princip?! persons of the island reside. Each of these has his house in the midst of a small plantation, with a kind of out-houses, and ofBces for servants. These plan* tations are neatly fented round, and» in general,' have only one entrance, which is by a door listened on the inside tvith a prop of wood. Between each plantation there are public roads and narrow ianes.< A considerable part of some of these enclosures is kid out in grass-plots, and planted with such things as seem less adapted for use than for ornament. In such other plantations as were not the residence o£ I persons of high rank, every article of the vegetable produce of the island was in gre^t plenty. Near the public roads are some large houses, with spaci« |ous grass-plots beiFore them, which were said to be- >n^ to the king, and are probably the places where [f heir public meetings are held. . . I , 204 ^i+i — ..V A VOYAGE XCr TlIE '.''*,■ % *■ On Friday the 13th, about twelve o'clock, Ma- reewagce came within a small distance of our post on shore, attended by a great number of people of all ranks. In the course of the' afternoon, ^the two Captains, and others of our gentlemen, accompanied by Feenou, went ashore to visit him^ They found H ?* person sitting under a tree, with a piece of cloth, about forty yards long, spread before him, round T /Ivhich numbers of people were seated* They ima- gined thiat this was the great personage, but were undeceived by Feenou, who informed them, that another, whb was sitting on a piece of mat^ wa? Mareewagee. To him they were introduced by Feenou J and he leceived them very graciously, \^^nd desired t&em to sit down by him. The chief^ who Sat under the tree, was named Toobou, whom , we shall for the future call Old Toobou, to dislin- , guish hrm from his namesake, who has been already ^yinentioned as Captain Furneaux's friend. Bbtli he ^landMareewageewere venerable in their appearance, (The latter was slender in his person, and seemed to ■be near seventy years of age. Old Toobou was somewhat corputet, and almost blind from a dis- • order in his eyes : he was younger than Mareewa. ; igiee?' Captain Codk not expfectlng on this occasion jvvto meet with two chiefs, bad brought on shore a \ present for one only : this therefore he was obliged , to divide between' them 5 but, a^s it happened x.6 be !» €nsiderabley both of them sippeaifed to be satisfied. 5 Our party now entertained them about an hour vwith the performance of two Fi'ench horns and a * drum : but the firing off of a pistol that Captain , . Clerke had in his pocket, seettied to' please themi ;^ [jXifisU Before our gentlemcnr took their leave of ■■Ui.'S- S..4 •"/i". iv* '•'.'■ -•' ■•!\':M:\ Tv ,: ■■%' ^a■ PACIFIC OCEAN. ' ■*w*i^ ■■ -f'ff^j-- 205 tlie two chiefs, the large piece of cloth was rolled up, and presented to Captain Cook« together with a few cocoa-nuts. The next morning. Old Too*^ bou came on board to return the Captain's visit : he also visited Captain Clerke ; and if our former pre« sent was not sufficiently considerable, the deficien- cy was nfow isuppUedi In the mean time, M^ree-^v wagee went to see our people who w6re stationed on shore j and Mr King showed him whatever we had there. He wa^ struck with admiration at the sight of the cattle ; and the cross-cut saw rivctted his attention. Towards noon^ Poulaho came on board, bringing with him his son, who was about twelve years of age. He dined with Captain Cook 5 but the son, though present, was not permitted to sit down with him. The Captain found it very convenient to have him for his guest ; for when- ever he was present,' (which was frequently the case) every other. native was excluded from the tables; and few of them would continue in the cabin ;> whereas, if neither he nor Feenou were on board^i the chiefs of inferior rank were very importunate to be of the dining party, or to.be admitted at that time into the cabin, which became consequent- ly very much crowded. The king was soon recon- ciled to bur cookery, and was fond of our wine. 7 He now resided at the malaee near our tent, where he this evening entertained our people with a dance, in which he himself, though So Corpulent and un< weildy, engaged. <:f j^-i^riii ' /p^^sfi^' .j,L^'^tffei^«.i'>«ii^:-*Sf^'' On the 15th, Captain Cook received a message from Old Toobou, importing that he was desirous of seeing him on shore. He and Omai accordingly waited on that chief^ whom tl^ey fpuod sitting Uke ■ ' ■ •;■• V''-- 1 ■^ 206 A. VOYAGE TO THE . ki - ...■!■'■,>.■ '*^' one of the ancient patnarcKs, under the shade of a tree, with a large piece of cloth, the manufacture of the islands, spread out before him^ He desired theiki to place themfelves by him \ after which he told Omai, that the cloth, with some cocoa-nuts, and red feathers, constituted his present to Captain Cook. The latter thanked him for the donation^ and asked him to go on board with him. Omai, being sent ht by Foulaho, now left the Capt&in, who was informed by Feenou, that young Fatafaihe the king's son desired to see him. He immediately obeyed the summons, and found the young prince and Omai seated under a canopy of fine cloth, with a piede of a coarser kind, seventy-six yards long, and seven and a half broad, spread before them and under them. On one side was a quantity of cocoa- nuts 'y and) on the other, a large boar. A multi^ tude of people sat round the cloth ^ and among them was Mareewagee, with other persons of rank. The Captain was requested to seat himself by the prince ) and then Omai informed him that he had been in- structed by Poulaho to tell him, that as his Majesty and the Captain were friends, he hoped that his son Fatafaihe might be comprehended in this friend- ship ^ and that the Captain, as a testimony of his consent, would accept the prince's present. Gap- tain Cook readily agreed to this proposal, and in- vited them all to dine on board. Accordingly, the young prince. Old Toobou, Mareewagee, three or four subordinate chiefs, and two old ladies of high rank, accompanied the Commodore to the ship. Mareewagee was dressed in k neW piece of cloth, with six patches of red feathers on the skirts of it. This dress was probably made on purpose for this ;i- Hi:/ m^f^ PACIFIC OCEAN. ■<^» ,207 ^^i¥- visits foiy ais soon as he arrived on board, be put it ofF, and presented it to Captain Cook. When dinner was served up, not one of them would eyen sit down, or eat a morsel of any thing, as they were all tahoo^ they said^ which word, though it has a comprehensive meaning, generally signifies that a thing is prohibited. Why they were thus restrain* ed at present was not accounted for. Having made presents to them all, and gratified their curiosity, by showing them every part cf the ship, the Captain conducted thetQ ashore. . When the boat had reach- ed the land, Feenou and several others immediately Stepped out ^ and the young prince following them, was called back by Mareewagee, who now paid. the heir apparent the same obeisance which the king was accustomed to receive ; and when old Toobou* ^d one of the old ladies, had honoured him with the same marks of respect, he was suffered to knd. After this ceremony, the old people stepped out of the boat int^ a canoe, which was waiting to con- vey them to their place of residence. .Captain Cook was pleased at being present on this occasion, as his was thus famished with the most convincing proofs of the supreme dignity of Poulaho and his son. £y thistime, indeed, he had gained some certain informa- tion with regard to the relative situation of several of the chiefs. He now kriew that old Toobou and Mareewagee were brothers. Eoth of them were men of very considerable property, and in high es« timation with the people : Mareewagee, in parti- cular, had obtained the honourable appellation of Motooa Tonga, which implies^ father of Tonga, or of his country. Wealso now understood that he was the king^s father-in-'law, Poulaho having cs- "'". ■^'-- -. "1 . &- S i •^. ■ I .,'1' -).;■;. \ ■..■ *,.. ■-■v. If M t|! ^o8 A VOYAGE TO TIIEiv iS^",': v■'■ poused one of his daughters, by whom he had young iFatafaihe ; so that Mareewagee was grandfather to the prince. As for Feenou, he was one of the fons of Mareewagee, and Tooboueitoa was another. ' Captain Cook, on his landing, found Poulaho in the house adjoining to our tent, who immediately made hitn a present of a quantity ^f yams and a hog. Towards evening, a number of the islanders came, and having seated themselves in a circle, sung in concert with, the music of bamboo-drums, which were placed in the centre. Three of them were long ones, and two were shorts With these ihey struck die ground endwise. There were two others tbtlk lay side by side on the ground, one of which Ivas partly split : on these a person continued beat- ing with two sticks. They sung three songs while th^ Captain staid; and the entertainment lasted, after he had left them^ till ten o'clock. They burned the leaves of the wb/$rra palm for a light, c' In the mean time, Mr Anderson, with several others, made atv excursion into the cotintry, which ^rnished him with observations to the following effect : Westward of the ten^^ithe Couirtry for about two miles is fentirely uncultivated, though covered with trees and bushes growing naturally with the greatest vigf our. Beyond this a pretty large plain ex- tends itself, on which are cocoa-trees, and some small plantations. Near the creek, which funs west of the tent, the land is perfectly flat, and partly over- flowed every tide by the sea; When the water. re- tires, the surface is seen to consist of coral rock in- terspersed with holes of yellowi&h mud ', and neat the edges, where it is rather more firm, are vast nun^ber^ of little openings, whence issue innumer* w PAqnC OCEANi c 209 ,*.. able small crabs, whic^i swarm upon the spot, but are so very nimble, that, when approached^ they in- stantaneously disappear, and ba/fie,al| the dexterity of the natives who. endeavour to catch thcin«7| At iihis pjiace is^ work; of art,, which testifies some de- gree of ingenyity and perseverance : on. one side is a narrpw causeway, ywhich, gradually increasing in breadth, rises with a gentle ascent to the height oit ten feet, where its breadth is five paces, the whole length being about seventy-four paces. .Adjacent tq this is a kind of circus, thirty paces in diameter^ about one or two. feet higher than the causeway that joins it ; and in the middle of this circus some^ trees are planted* Oh the opposite side^ another causeway descends^ which is partly in ruins, and not above forty paces in length. The whole is built of large coral stones, with earth on the sur face, which is overgrown with shrubs and low trees* From its decaying in several .places it is probably df some s^ntiquity. It seems to be of no service at present, whatjcver may have been its use in former times. All the intelligence concerning it that Mr Anderson could procure from the natives, was, that it was called Etcbee^ and belonged to the king^x^vv In the morning of the 16th, Captain Cook an^ Mr Gore took a walk into the country v in the course of which they met with an opportunity of seeing the whole process of making clpthj the prin- cipal manufacture of these islands^ as wel^ as of many pthers in the South-Sea. An account of thisppert ation, as performed here, may not improperly be subjoined* The matjufacturers, who are of the fe- male sex, take the slender stalks or trucks of the pagtr?j|iulberryj^whii;h rarely grows Bfipre than se^^ji ■ ^-vv :■■ '33 . :., ■■''■■ V. -^ '-m- '-^^yv '-rl" .'■;i^ # :sf „\.;,: ^ '-r:.,r\ ■ w 21& A VOYAGE TO THE '3 ''A %■ feet in height, and about th^^thitkness of four fin. '' gers. Ftom these stalks the^r strip the bark, and scrape oS the exterior rhind ; after which the bark is^rolled up, and macerated fbt some time in water ; it is then beaten with a square instrument of wood, full of coatsc grooves, but soixictiines with a plain one. The Operatibn is often repeated by another pierson 5 or the bark is folded several times, and beslt Ipng^r^ which is probably intended to close rather than divide its texture. It is then spread out to dry ; the pieces being from four to ^x or seven feet in length; and about half as broad. These pieces are joined by smearing part of them with the glutinous juice of a berry called /oco; and, ifter being thus lengthened, they are placed over a large piece qf wood, with a sort of stamp, composed of a fibrous substance, laid beneath ^hem. The manu- factuters then take a bit of cloth, and having dip- ped h in a juice ekpressed from the bark of a trefc callc^d kokkai rub it briskly over • the piece that is making* This leaves upon the surface a dry gloss, and aduU brown colour j and thfe stara!p makes, at the same time, a slight impression. Thus they pro- ceed, jdiping and Staining by degrees, till a piece of cloth, of the requisite length and breadth, is produ- ced, Th^y generally leave a border, about a foot broad, at the sides, and rather- longer sft the ends, unstained. If any parts of the < riginal pieces have holes, or are too thin, they glue spare bits upon them till their thickness equals that of the rest. Whenevek' they are desirous of producing a black colour, they mix the juice of the iMa with the soot procured from an 'oily nut called dooedooe. They assert, that the bl^k cloth, v/hicH is usually ,.r .•^•Z ., PACIFIC ocean; Mr »>.'/ most glftiedy makes a cold dress *, but tbe other a warm one. 1-he Commodore and Mr Gore, meeting with Feenou on tkeir return from their excursion, took him and another chief on board to dinner ^ which being served up, neither of them would eat a mor* sel, alleging that they were taboo avy ; but when they found, that^ in dressing a pig and some yams, no avy (water) had been made use of, they botk sat down» and ate very heartily, and' drank some tvine, on being assuied that there was no water in it. From this circumstance we inferred, that they were at this time, for some particular reason, foij* bidden to use water*, ot that, perhaps they did not like the water we then used^ iit being taken opt of one of the places where the islanders bathed*. v rli^ The following day, which was the X7th, was fix- ed upon by Marecwagee for giving a grand baiva^ or entertainment, at which we were all invited' to attend. Before the tiemporary hut of this chie^ near oUr land "Nation, a large space had been 'clear- ed for that pur))ose. In thi^ morning,' vast number* of the natives came in from the country, every one of whom bore on his shoulder a long pole, at each end of which a yam was suspended. These poles and yams beting deposited on each side of the open space, or area, formed two large heaps, decorated with small fish of different kinds. They were Ma* reewagee^s present %6 the Captains Cook axid Gierke* The necessary p!reparatioH4 being made, the island- ers began, about eleven o'clock, to enhibn various dances/ which they call mfit The band of miisiiK at fif^ consisted of seventy men as a chorus; amidit whom were placed thteeinsimmeistrtbat w^caiM .•■-'-.< ^ /, '•':^ ^ / f':. m . V*' I t 2Ii A VOYAGE TQ THE ,1' ^- ■■? drimii^ though they did not much resemble them. They are cylindrical pieces of wood» from three to four feet in length, some of them twice as thick as a man of ordinary size, and some not so large. They are entirely hollow, but close at each end, and open only by a cbink^ about tlie breadth of three inches, running nearly the whole length pf the drums. By this opening, the rest of the wood is hollowed ^ which must be an operation of some difBculty. This instrument is called by the native) ^i{fit > andy having the chink turned towards them, they{sit and beat vigorously upon it, withtwocyiind- xtcal pieces of wood, as thick as the wrist, and about a foot in length vby which means a rude^ but loud and powerful sound, is produced. They occasion* ally vary the strength and rate of their beatings and likewise change the tones, by beating towards the end, or in the middle of the instrytnent. TV. There were four ranks, of twenty- four men each, in the first dance. These held in their hands a small thin wooden instrument, above two feet in length, resembling in its shape an oblong paddle. With these instruments, which are called pagge^ they made n^any differeut motions'^ such as point- ing them towards the g^^round on one side, and in- clining their bodies that way at the same instant y then shifting them to the opposite side in the same mariner ; passing them with great quickness from one hand to~ the other, and twirling them about xvii^i.temarkable dexterity j with Various manoeuvres. Their motions, which were, slow at first, quickened 88 the drums beat faster j- and they Repeated sen- tences the wholfr tinpe; in a musical tpne,, which ir«le-.4AiiHi»Bed.ha&li]e cbiirus 7 but. in ^ «hprt,j|ii|ic, *k''» Mfvii:.,4L' ;-.^' PACIFIC OCEAT. 213 ■/: ihey ail joined, and' ended with a shout. After a cessation of a few minutes^ they begnn as brforc, and continued, with short intervals, upwards of a a quarter of an hour ; and then the re?r rank di- viding, moved 4owly round each e» d, met in the front, and formed the first rank ^ during whici Mme the whole number continued to recite sentences* The other ranks successively did the same, till that which was foremost became the rear \ and this evo- lution did not cease till the last rank regained its former situation. A much quicker dance, though slow at first, was then befifun, ard they sungr for ten minutes, when the whole body, in a two-fold divi- sion, retreated, and then advanced, forming a kind of circular figure, which concluded the dance ^ the chorus retiring, and the dnims being retnoved at the same time. ■«^v,>^w" r'- -r 2l6 A VOYAOJE TO THE • » ''/•I'rr'^'^d' ^^.■:: understood what was spoken in t'nis entertainment, we ini^ht probably have gained much information with regard to the genius and customs of these peo- ple» Though the spectators constantly ap|f>]auded the different motions, when well made, a consider- able share of the pleasure they received, seemed to arise from the sentimental part, or what the per- formers recited. However, the mere acting part well deserved our notice, on account of the exten- siveness of the plan, the variety of the motions, and the exact unity, easc^ and gracefulness, tvith which they were performed. \ -. In the evcnintf we were entertained wk ; t homau or night dances, on a large area befoi, luj tcmpor.^ry dwellii'g-place of Feenou. They con- tinued three hours \ during which time about twelve of them were performed, nearly in the same man- ner as those at Hapaee. In two of them, which were perfornied by women, a party of men came and formed a circle within theirs. In another, >7hich consisted of twenty-four men^ many motions that we had < ot before seen were made with the hands, and met with great applause. The music was once changed in the course of the evening; and, in one of the dances, Feenou himself appeared at the head of fifty men : he was wei dressed in linen, and some small pictures were hqng round his neck. rri*'^'(i::.iy -^il'm^i^M^f:^'^ . '* Th6ugh the whole entertainment ivas cc il^icted with better order than could reasonably hav*. been expe *cd, yet our utmost care and attention could not prevent our being plundered by the natives, in the most daring and insolent maimer. There was «arcely any tUng which th^y did ml eji^jPf pur cd P''M v:»'-r i'v ■•>.<. -•♦•'1;'^.' L.*v rACIFIC OCEAN. :J^7 r^ainment, formation th^se peo- ap]f)lauded , consider- seenied to t the per- cting part the exten- itions, and nth which befov» la J They con- out twelve same man- !m, which men came another, \y motions e with the The music ; evening j f appeared dressed in y round his ^i^i'^^l' . ■ cc cl'icted havw been ttion could natives, in There was endeavour to steaL They pnce^ in the naiddleof the day, attempted to take an antqhor from off the Discove- ry's bow ^ but witliout effect* : The only violence of which they were giulty^ was$ the breaking thej sboulder-rbone of pne of our goats^ in coniscquencd^ of, which he died sopn af^er. . On Wednesday ]tbe> xSth, an islander got out p£ a canoe into the ResGi-j lution, and stole a pewter-j^^son > but being detect** ed) he was pursued, and brought alongside theshjp* Upon this occasion, three old women in the cano^^ n^ade loud lamentations o^er the pristoner, beating f. their faces 'ai>d breasts with the paliQ$)^.C their handi^^ in a very violent manner^ but wither shedding 9 j tear. This modp of .^^Jjjressing sorrow occasion«, the m^rk which most ^f these people bear on then face, over their cheek-bones j for the repeated blowaf inili<:ted by them on this part, abrade the skin, and:; cause some blood to flow out } and when the wovmcl : isaecenti it looks as if a hollow circle hc4 Jbireai made, by buri|ing^ On some .Qccaslonft they cut » this part of the face with an instrument. ■,._,^*/ . The same day captain Cook bestpwed €ome pfcfWr foits on Mareewagfc?, in return for those which? ; v^ \;ten received from that, chief the preceding r l^v I nd as the entertainments then exhibited call- ; ^ u^; ,i us to make some e^ichibition in return, he I ordered all the marines to go through their exercise,;? on the sp " where the late dances had been per-,:^ formed ^ and, in the evening, some fire-works were also played off at the same place. The king, the principal chiefs^ and a vast multitude of people, vere pii'esentv The platooii firing sieemed to please tktm *y but, when they beheld our water-rockets^ , they were filkS with astonishment aad adxairationf vol,. I. ^'i:^.- .«r JP ^ .^ '•":'. ^^•'^■ ' ■'-'■;:.•■ ■> ^ ^^A'- M .,■' %' :;.*.. *».b;.. •>* ■ 1*8^ ■''.?"*; 'A A V6^Ate¥ to tHE •r/.' Ni 1, /;'■'■ • t j;:'a*j^,;'-" 'i:.V.¥ ■ '. sdi^d pace, and clapping tartly d^ tH^ clbdw joint of Mi6 aiKi^ which is bent, iirid s^nds foi-tli d hdl- l6W'9obti#. If no op^onettr^ps fotth, fee t'aurns ahd sits dowti '^ bitt iC an^ ai^tkj|^6il!st appeab, they TA^Stt with in^rks 6i the greatest gobd-nati^re^ gene- raiiy sn&ilihg, and deliberaltely adjuStihg the pietd of eldth tbat k fostered rowtiti tm wsist. Tiiey then lay hold of each othei? by this cfoth^ sind he "who sacce^dtt in drawing his opponent to h!in, in- stantly endeavours to lift him upon his bi'east^ aiid xhxGiv him on his baok y aind if h^^ cdtti turn round witb him in that position twd^bt thiree times, before he throws him, he meets with great applause for ki^ dexterity. If they are more equally matched^ they quickly close, and attempt to throw each other by entwining their legs, or raising each other from the gfdund^ in which struggles they display an extra- ordinary exertion of strength. When one of them is'thiown, he immediately retires ^ while the con- ^fwcoc silts dowafpr iitdx A minute^ then rises^ and 31 iW Sv- V .')■ f ^CIFIG OCEAN. 2J9 gQe$ to t^j ri^c frp^tt whencp. he cai^i:, V^^r*? *:h.<^ victory i^ proclainjiecl »l9ud» After sftM^g^or a short tiipe^ ;hc rjses ig;^}n, ;^i^^ challj^ngjM } and if several ai^it«igoni^s appe^, xh« has the^ privilege pt choosing w^th of tJjjEln^ V piips«:s tp epgg^^^ he may aj^p, if Jje 4^<^\4 WP.w fiis co^Dp^tpj:, challei^g^ ^gain, tiU Ue li^self is v^^ui;s^ ^ mi then the people on ithc.ppppsi^ si^c qh^t j^l^^opg of victory in f^v^ur of |<];i^ c)iampipp. It fkef^^eiitf Ij happens that five or six rise fcop eaph sia . ""•i" V-.' • 220 A VOYAGE ^ro t&E ■>..,;■ .AT'-*' l-!-^,»V-. . ward. In boxifig-tnatcfies;' tinlefes a'fj^rt sti^ikw . .Kis antagbhist to the ground, they Tifsver sing the ,;song of victory J which shows, that this diversion ^ is Icss^ ^jlnfovcH amon^ them than wrcStKtig. Not only boys eti^ge m - botl^these "exercises, but it : - Oft unfrtcj^enny haj^p^ little girls boif with .; great obstinacy i ' On allthese occasional they do i^^:Wnot conisider it as any disgrace to beovcrcome j and the vanquished person sits dbwtj ^ith ai much in- diiBFerenpe ^sif he had nevet engaged. Some of . our peoi^le contendecl with them in both exetcises^ A Inrt wetc^enerdly ^ 3^^:m^\-^^^ ;^ intendhig to le^vc behind him }jKAie of the animals be hadP brought, thought pro- ; ' ^per to make a distribution of them before his de- parture. He therefore^ on the ^Qtlt, assembled the chiefs before our botise^ andf marked out his intend- ed presents to them* ' To th^ king he gave a bull ' and a cow y to Mareewagee a cajj^e ram and two ^ewes ; and :c Fcenou a horse and a mare. He in- ' /structed Omai to teirtfaemy'ihatiio such animaU existed within several months sail bf their island ; "^ that weliad brought them, with a great degree of ^ trouble smd cxpence, fbt *thcir uste j that, 'therefore, they ought not to fciH any of them till they had 'inultiplied considerably jattd, finally, that they and . -tlieir posterity ought to remember^ that they had ^IreciBived them fifom the hatives of Britain. Omai •also explained to them their respective use^, "as far , as his limited knowledge in such pbint^ Would per- . .;jnit him. The captaijihadf Intended to' give old I Toobou two or three goats 5 but finding that chief itidifFerent about thei^, be added them to the share of Poulaho. It s(ybii appeared that some of the'tia< >.-s",.' PACIFIC OCEAN. 221 tlves were dissatisfied with the allotment of pur ani- mals 5 for, the n^xt morning, tyro of our turkey- cocks and one kid were missing, pur cbi^^odpirp , being determined to get them r^^tpre,d» scizea oil three \canoes that were alongside the ships V tj|*^ii went on shore, and haying found Jiis ij^s^f^s^y,, bis brother:, !Feenou, and some other chiefs, in our nqu^e, he immediately appointed a guard oyer them, ,a,n^ intimated tO tnem, that they must continue upy^r^s objected to Poulaho*s going, he ros^ up immediately, and de- clared that he woujd he the first roan. Ao^pV^i^gT iy, the chieK wcni oh bohrd With captain Copk, and remained in the ship till hear four o^clbck. He then conducted thena ashore > ?md, not long after, the kid and one of the turkeys were restored to him. On the^r promising that the other turkey should be brought hack' the next morning; he re- leased both them and the canons. .,1 - t > .-.t aptam Coo^ now walked ou^ with U^ai, if jtff a viiw oT oh'serying Kqw the natives in our ticjgfc *3 ■« fs' ^v'T. • i. 222 A VOYAGE TO THE % if ;N.r" bourhood fiuea'rfbr 'tys^'^u'll^u^ time of their meals. He found that they were in general ill supplied \ a circumstance not to be wondered at, since most of the yams, and other provisions that they brought with them, were disposed of to us -^ and they were unwilling to return to their own ha. bitatlohs while they coutd procure any sustenance near our post. That particular part of the island where our station was, being uncultivated, there . wer^ none bf the natives who had a fixed residence within half a mile of us. Those therefore who were at our post were obliged to live under trees \ and bushes, or in temporary sheds \ and thd cocoa-trees were stripped of their branches for the purpose of erecting huts for the chiefs. f Omai and the captain, in the course of their walk, found six or Seven women at supper together, two of whom were fe4 by the others. On their asking the reason of this circumstance, the iyomen repliea taboo tnatUe, Upon further inquiry it appeared, that one of them, about two iponths before, had washc^d the corpse of a chief^ oh which account she was not allowed to handle any food for five months ; and that the other had performed the same ofHce to the dead body of a person of inferior rank, and was therefore undera similar restriction, though not for so long a space^ jSjS©n Saturday the 2tst, early in the morning, Poulaho came on boafd to invite captain Cook td an /(/i/vii ot entertainment, which he designed to give the eatne day. lAt had already had his head |>esme ^red. with red pigme nt^ in order to communi* tate a red colour to hishair^ which n^as naturally of 1^ dark browhf The €aftain> 'alter bceakfast; at* M'r-?*^'-''^.^^* J. ■■ wm ,■/.•: PACIFIC. OCEAN; ■ 223 -iSMi-O tended htm to the sLore, and found tlie islanders very busy in two places, fixing in a square and up«: rignt position, four very long poists, at the distance^ of near two feet from each other. They afterwards ' filled up with yams the space between the posts y and fastened sticks across^ from one post to Another, at the distance of every four feet, to prevent the posts from sepatating, by the weight of the inclosed yams, and also to ascend by. As soon as the yams had reached the summit of the first posts, they con- tinued to fasfen others to them, till each pile was thirty feet or more in height. They placed oh the op of one of the piles two backed hogs^ and> on the top of the other a living one ; and they tied another by the legs half-way up. The facility and dispatch with which these two piles were raised, was remarkable. After they had completed them, they accumulated some other heaps of yams, and also of bread-fruit ,^ on each side of the area ^ to which a turtle, and a great quantity of excellent fish were added. The whole of this, with some red feathers^ a mat, and a piece of cloth, composed the king^s present to captain Cook. About one O^clock the mal^ of dances, were begun. The first of these very nearly resembled the first that was performed at Marecwagee^s entertainment. Thie second was conducted by young Toobou j and in this four or five women were introduced, who equalled the men in the exactness and regularity of their motions. Near the end, the performers divided, in ordfer to leavie rdomior two champions, whp exercised their clubs. In the third dance, which was ihe last,' two other pen, with cFuus, exhibited their skill ind ac- tivity. The dances were succccdtd by boxiftg and m-' t :.i. m A VOYAGE TO THE wrp^tUnc: ; and one man entered the lists with 3 tjjnd jOf |i^^y^ club, made f|:orn the stem of a cocoa- :afi' put ^ed on shore, ^oulaho sat dowjl lyith hijn, l^ut n^ejther ate nor drank, which \ was S))vif)g to tfie presence pi a female, who had been .^dm\t,te^^ at his request, to the fining party, and rjifliiQ, ajs .>ye Wjcre informed in thf sequel,' was of superior ;:^nl& to himself. This lady had ho sooner din^d, tlian she walked up to J\)iilaho, who applied his hands to ^er feet : after w)iich she rctiirea. He immediately dipped ^is fingers into a glass 'pf wine, and t,hen ^11 her attendants paid him obeisance. At Jiiis djCsire'somje of our fireworks were played off in the eyenii)g > but b,eing damaged,' they did not an- swer the expectations of the spectators. XVo iporgf ntertamments being expected on either .sid,e, and t^e curiosity of the populace being iii a ^rc^t ^egree satisfied 5 most of them deserted us ,the day after Poulaho's^/wW. Still, however, we had thieves among us* and had continual instances Some pt the officers' of both ships, who had made an excursion into tn& interior parts of the island, returned the 2 2d of Tune m the evening, afjter ?in , absence ) of two days. Tn6y had taken tHm muskets ^nii nepess^ry api^munitioa with tbexa , ' 1 v->' ;'**■,'■,!< '^ ■ "^ACif'IC OCEAN. •^ 1- -T?-.';- ^25 besides several, small articles of the favourite cosn^ modities ; the whole of which the natives had the dexterity to steal from them in the course of their shbrt joutney. Inconvenierit consequences were likely to have attended this affair ; for» when our plundered travellers returned, they employed Omai, without consulting captain Cook, to complain to tb^ king of the treatment they had received. He,' not knowing how the captain would proceed in this affair, and apprehending that he might again lay him under restraint, set off early the next morn^ ing, and Feenou' followed his example j so that not a chief of authority ncW r^msin^d near us. Th^ captain was ofFehded at this business, and re* primanded Otnai for having presumed to interfere iti it. This reprimand induced him to endeavour to bring back his friend Feenou, and he succeeded in his negotiation, by assuring him that no violent measures would be pursued to oblige the natives to return what they had stolen. Trusting to this de- claration, Feenou came back in the evening, and was favourably received. Poulaho also favoured us with hks company next day;-/^ *•, • .^^ ^^, ;-•; Upon this occasion the two chiefs Very juitlyob-^^ served to captain Cobk, that whenever^ any of his people wanted to take an excursion into the coun- try, they ought to be made acquainted with it, that they might order proper people to attend them^ ':r% prevent such outrages. And, had this precaution been taken, it is not to be doubted but that a man and his property would have been as safe here as in other parts of the more civilized world. Though the captain \did not afterwards endeavour to recover the articles taken upon this occasion, the whole of i'j**»* 1 . '■,•1 :\ '-W^: r\ Jtl^erp wpre returned, thrxxug5i x}ip iifitcrposluon o;f tVnoq, c^^cppt one ipM^tt, aj;\4 * ^^W ^M^cr insjg- |i!ficai[it ^rticl^s, ]py this tlnae also we tecovere^ the topis and other pfi^tp^^f jj^jij M ,(?ef » s^l^ from o^r wprkn^eii. ;»^ \^i\.jf*r: *u ,f' ' r r ; Qr> W^dnes^ay the 25th 01 jupf , two boats, which c^pt^in ^qpk l)a4 Sie;^^ in search of a com- iQodiou^,c)i^Pl^ef to se9« re^i^rfied. 'JThe command. jBfs of t,he9i repprtedy th^t thi^ch^nel to t)ie north, ^l|iropj$h vvbich^e pao)^ Jf>, \yj^^ in^ijiincntly dan- gerpus, ,b?;i9g f^U qf ^qoj^l ropjis i|hat t^ere vjr^i a gopd ch^pprf. ;. ^.^iM>^ ..' i.^ r^.^:U.:jK-.i:^ 1 Hayipg i)QW spn^f leisjjr^ feffpjc u?, captain ;Cook, f^i^^a parity of ijs, apcopRpanjfd by Poulahp, j«t out the next mornipg>, in ^ lpi9?^> fof M^pa, a kind of yiUage, xvhere li|e ^pd tk^ 9t)ber men of consequence jusufilly re^id^. Rowing up t^e inlet, we sj^w fpnftepn c^npes $S|hing in ppropany 5 in one f^ ;iyhip|;i sf as Pfiul^ho?s spn. 1 hfsy had then taken ^pm^ iii^e inullfsts, about a ^o^ten of wbioh they put ipifo pi^j boat. They trhowi^d us tjheir whole me- thod of £i$ht|ig, Jiyhich appeared tp bp vn effectual p^ne, .;,*.«*/ were conducted 16 one of Potil^hb^ hbtisf^s 5 wh?th; tbbU^h to1ci>ably }ktgbi steMicd to b« Hift pHvaie {ilice of resTdffHc^, dhd #a'$ ^tuitb WitlVit! ^ plaH- tatibh. The king sl6iit«d Riiiiiself at dtie end of the hbuse^ aiid ttiose #hb C^md tb VJsit hiHl ^ doT^n I in it ^mtcircle at the Id^Heir end. A b5M 6{ hva v^s ithihediafd^ fr«fKlT(id foi- u^ ^tid ^h'ectiond were given to bake some yams. While thlt^ii were getting re^djr, Sbifte df tiS^ tdgfcthei- Drith a-ftit of the king^s att^hd^n^s; i^ftd Orbai ^s biif ihtfcrpfetn^ry f^6ht to take a vie# bf a fatobkA, 6i burying. I^ace, at a Sdiall distaneife frbtn the habitatvbni It belonged tb ^6 kfng, ai^d cfbhsi^ed of three l^fgi^h hbtrs^s, situiite bki a fidHg ground^ i^ith a small flfftie hbt fi^ off, all tinged loiigitudiinriy; Tht \^m of the thr^e first was the middle hob^;:^ which wsls placed in a squatb; tw^ty-fbiir p^tts by t*f^hty-ci^ht, fitscd «boUt thr^e )fe '!k ■^'. af thos^, called etoa. fhiey greatly resemble the cypress, md bad a very.,Jpleinn efect. A ro\v of )pw i^alms was a][fo j^la^ted nea^r p^e^pf Aftfi;. refreshing ourselves with some provisions, whjck we had brought from pur ships, we took ji pretty l'4rge circuit irto the country, attended, by ode of the Mng^> ministers, whp would not duffer any of ;t^e nibble to foUq^w us, and obliged those wIhh& we met upon our progress to sit do\irn ivhiJe wc; were passings a mark of respect due only to their sovereigns. , The greatest part of the country wai^ culMvated, ^i^d most of their plantations fen* ced i;ound. Some parts, indeed* lay fallow, and others ip- a state of nature j the. latter afforded large quantities'of timber. - ^r;^..*';,.H.^ ...r^^'t.ysi^^^i^i . ■ We foujsd naany public axid well-beaten paths, leading to different parts of the island. Travel- ling here was, indeed, very commodious, the roads being excellent, and the country level. We were conducted to several pools and springs of water, but they were, in general, either brackish or stinking. « In the dusk of, the evening we returned from our walk^ anC found our supper in readiness. It Consisted of some fish and yams, and a baked hog, in which all the culinary arts of the island had been displayed. There being nothing to arouse us after supper, we lay down to sleep, according to the cti{|(om of the country, on mats spread upon thv K t y-,^. FACinC OCEAN, 229 # Hooc, an^had Ai ciQveri^ of cl0tb. > Tbe king» Ifho became bsi^p^ with ynnimd brandy ^hich we M thought, also s]ept|nthehpu$e^ a4 4id several otheri of (he natives. Bjrfore day-break they all ^se, and entered Jato cOnvesisatiph by mo0ii*light. As sopn/: as . it w^s dsiy, they dispersed ,di&rent vrays, bu|: it was not long before they all returned^ icconipanied by . several pf , their countrymen. While.they wcreplrepawng.a bowl d kava, C9:p^ lain Cook went tp pa>y a visit to Toobou, captain fi^rneaux's friend, .who had a h^se not far dis^ taht, which for size and neatness was hardly exceed* «d in the place. Here also we found a company ireparing a morning draught* The chief made a present to the captain of a living bog^ and one that was baked V also a quantity of yams, and a large piece of cloth. Returning to the king, we found him and his attendants drinking the second bowl of kva. That business being performed, he infcrm- ed Omai that he was going to perform a mourning ccrjsmony, called tooge^ in memory of a son wha Kadbecnspmetimedcad»and desired us to accompany him. Naturally expecting to see somewhat new or curious, we readily complied with the request. The king stepped out of the house, attended by two old women, and put on a new cloathing, over which was placed an old ragged mat, ''vhich might probably have served his grandfather :7pon a similar solemn occasion. His attendants were habited in the same manner, excepting that, in point of anti- quity, none of their mats could vie with that of their master. Thus equipped, we marched off, precedetl by eight or ten persons in the same uniform, thff^r^eiiiSk Hte bt^HcbB ftrofli t^eir neek$^ «nid threw them dWay'. llie k^g sedtid hiitiself^ and tbe^ others'^lit be^i« Hiili l^the mm\ tndnnetf. By the •mtaldf oHiei' tierlbhl thfii circie increased to up» iT^rds ibf Ml hutidredy ^HnetpttUy old men, all dtes* sed ill the iflannef tibby^ descrfbcd. the tompanjr bielftg>^Mriii^hl^d, a kr^ toot of ib«a w^s p\dd%^ Ctdhfmtoi the' kil^g^^ semnts, and d capicions bowl ih^t Hifottld eontaitt five ot six gallons. Many f etj^ns nbw begafn tsa^ ehevv the root, and tlife botnl was filfe(l"With'%tJtof tp to the bthti. Others wctt employed in tHakli^g dtihkirig-€ups of plantain haVes. The fitst cup that Was filled, bei^g pre- sented to the king, be ordered it to be giveh ta iinmber pierson^ the ^ec^nd tvds ialso presented to hiini atid h*: dr^fik it j lh« thitd was offered tocap- tftm Cook. Aft^rwitds » cup was given to severjil others^ tHl the ISquof ^a$ e^h^iusted ) and, thougli not hdf the coftip^ny pattbok of it, no one appear- ed in ihfe kast dissatisfied'. Each cup, as it was cmptiedi t^asf thrownupoii the ground, whence it 1VM takch itp, and carded to be filled again. AU thh titoe the chileff imd his whole circle, sat with a great deal of gravity^ hardly speaking a syllable to each dther. All thii whSe \ttt were iii expectation of seeing thfe niddnring cetieiriony begins when, to our great iiitf riie^ as idon kr ^ i^^mi ar drank o«rt| ^tj >■:,■.•./•• . • '■-"■V- '■-.■-■Vi-' ...' / \. FAGIFIG QC^AN. ■k:> jU. rpsc v!p, ?nd di$per$fed Jja!^4 Pqul?1ip >nfpn»e4 Of he w^ i^pvtr rc^dy ^P att^)4 ^^ tq tjhe ships. Vy<5 ]ujd somcti^ie? mm |h? ^"Wiig of ^(ig;^^ at Othcy i^l^ds, but ^iqwh^^r^ go |jf:qw^|*t fts ,k ?n4 it is usually pV^i^tcd s^l^put ;th^r houses* h; dpess pqt pften q(;c^ei ,th^ fefght pf a ip^iij thou.gb they arc spm^et^p^^e^ gi?^ jnu^h Ijii^i^ef. It has lair^^ h^art-^h?pqd leayp?, fv^4 jpin|f?4^jajk5. Qnlf J^h^ rqot gf\^^ f^av^ k \>A?4 f t; Al? prifndlj IsUndf f ?^Rr bpi^r^ 4iig up, i^ i^ giv^p ^p the s,?rr vanti, who, breaking it in pieces, ftCilffipc \kp di?t^ off, ^n4 .^^h chpws feis pojrtjpnj 5yWc)i J^e after- var4* lipit^ into ^ piece of p^ax^tajn IjB^f. Xhps£ lyhp 4]re t,o prppar^ t\^e ^qupr^ collect thes^ mouth fulf tfijj^ethcr, and dppojjjt thw ^i" a l^rg? wopden ho^l, adding f^ tp^cifsnt qugnt^ty pf \v'^ter to ronke it pf a proper fytr^nj^^th* ^t is |l^eu^\yell mlx^d up with the, haudf, ^i^A WWHg b?rd, in o r tp n^e \^ prpdoctiiirc .0^ j|s ii^i^p^ liquid ^s ppsisjb'e. 4^hou.t fi qvart^r pf a pi^t qf this bp\ j^c is usually put into eac^ cup. It h^s no percepJble ^ectupon these people, who use it so frequently j but, on ^qme of . pu,is, h pgerated Ujie our spirits, occasioning intpx,ipatipn| or rjf^ther ^upefactipn. XJic 9^o^r^ing cjc^remony being oyer, w^ l^ft Ivlopa, and ^et put on o\^ jeturn fp xhp ships. Rowjitig down .the inA^t, \ve Tn^t wijth jtwo canoes^ retturning frpip £shjn^. J?q\&))iho or4jer^ them to approach hiiA, a^vd tooJL ;^o|n them ejirery 6sh and «lipll. Jtic after w?ii^d8 sXo^sfd ;twp other canoes, fi^chp^ thcip, ai\4 f9«^nd i^ptfeing. ^e gave us V 2 232 A VOYAdETO TH:e some of tliis quite in a natural statCi and only frequented as a fishirig<^ place ^ haying nearly the same productions as PaU merston^s Island. When we returned to the ship, captain Cook, was informed that eve«y thing had been quiet dur- ing his absence ; not a single theft having been com- mitted ^ o^ which Feenou and Futafaihe, the king^s brother, who had undertaken the managed ment of his countrymen in. the captain^s absence^; boasted not a little. This evinces what power the chiefs have when they are inclined to exert itj^ which Is not often to be expected j for whatever was stolen from us was generally conveyed tp them. • . ■ "v, ^^- ' ' mm^r: ■ The next day six or eight of the natives as- saulted some of our people who were sawing planks^ in consequence of which they were firett on by the sentry *y one of them was supposed to be wounded, and three were taken. The latter were confined till night, when they were punished, and set at liberty. After this, their behaviour was very decent and circumspect, occasioned, as we imagined y by the man being woundei : for, till ■f^^'^' ^^IC OCEAN. ?33 this t^mc, tlicy had only A/?(?ri/pf J^t^^^fltct <^f fire- arms, but now jthcjr hj^d ^// it. ^c ^^re fip,t pist^Kcn in pu;r cjgi^jjec^u^c^ JK^ag, and ]^ 'Anderson, in an exc;ur|ipiji tji^ jtookin^b tji^c co\in.- ip^s <^f .i^ leaving begp ,%o^?^pd ^t|i ^ j^iusket. ball. /. Notbing ,WQj^ljiy of ^Qtice hiippf^pe^ ?t ,tl]c ships jfpr ^,^g .^j^^ys ^ we ^J^U .tJjeijrelqVe i|l)i up t^^ ^i^tcr- y^l ^^t;ti an acc9^ui^t,qf Mf ^i»derioh!s excur^on, libpvcincptipned. j0n Iw^<^^;y ^^^ 3^4 ^^^ J^{^> |Jr King, at^dbfe, a^cpm|:|?i^(^^ jF^taf^ifte j^^^ tors to his npu^, .yvj^ic^ i*^^^* *?^ f^W that ctf h^s )?rptUer t^p^ljahp , ^git J^cjoja. S^ppn ^ftfir.i^hf!^ W^v- cjd, a largish hpg ^^^s ,|*illc^^ ,w^iich |v as .cfFected by repeat,ed stxpkes viP" .^eijqad. TW Ivair \v^s .tjbcn curiou^sly ,^pi;9pjed piff, ^>vith ^^e ,shprp edjge pf pieces of sp^t b^ml^o, ^i^d ^h/e untr^Js .t^^en out by the same simple instruipsifj^^t. jPjey^Qus to this ifip oven had b^en ^ry kjn^jip^g a .^.ire p^cr thc^ > ;t;]Sien they >rapt j^p sqp[t<5 ptthe^e St9n^^ j^ lea.Vjies of the bread- fti^it ^r'j^fiy yj^it)^ wh^cJi ^^hcy ^U?d the hog's ^jelly > ^tuffi^ng jin a ,q}^ai|ititjy of ,kavcs 1^0 prevent their lalUng put, apd th^ist^t\g ,a plUjg of the sanae kind in the api^s. This j^i^g ,dpne, the^carcase was pbced upqp 9Qn;ie sticks l{^i^ ^crp^s the stones, and cpvered wi^h plantain^e^vii^s. The earth was afterw.af ds dug ujp all round y ^^}^ ik^ pycn being thiis ^c^bI^^I^o^^^ Of^king required np .further ?id. • : / ; y.u ^34 A VOYAGE TO THE about the cduntry, but saw nothing remarkable^ except a fiatooka of about thirty feet high. At a small distunce there was a number of etoa-trees, on which \^ere v^st quantities of Ternatch^xSy mak- ing a most horrible noise. Not having their musk, ets at that time, they coiild not kill any of them^ but some, taken at Annamooka, measured almost a yard when the wings were extended. ^ On their Teturn tb Futafaihe's house, the bakectf hog was produced, accompanied with some cocoa* nuts, and several baskets of baked yams, il^hei person who prepared the bog in the morning, ^nov^i ^ut it up in a very mastedy manner with a knift made of sfflit bamboo. Ttbugh the weight of it *was at least fifty pounds, ^he wnole was t^laced be^|j ^fore them j when they took a Smalt part, and d< sired this rest might be partakeYi of by the p^oplt sitting round. Futafaihe could hardly be prevail^f] cd upon jto eat a mb^sel. Dinner bein^ ended,' they went with him an^] his attendants ^ towftrd^ th^ spot where Poulaho' mourning ceremony was performed. They saw n< thing but a kind of continuation of the same solemi rites, by way of cohdolenfce; Upon inquiring up6^ whose account it wis liow transacted^ they Weije ii formed that it wsls in n^emoryof a chief who lia^» long since died at Vavabo 5 that they l^ad practised it ever sidce^ and should continue to do so for aeon-* iiderable length of time to come. ' . I] ^ They were entertained, in the evening, with i^ ^flig for supper, dressed like the hbg, artd, like thaltjj accompanied with yams and toco8i^nuts.Wh< the supper was over, a large quantity of cloth wis ttought for them tb slieep in ^ bat they were disj' ■w- PACinC OC£AN. 235 turbed in their repose, by a singular instance of luxury, in which their men of consequence indulge themselves ) that of being thumped or beat while ihey are asleep. Two women, who sat by Futafaihe, performed this operation, which they czli toogf tooge^ by striking hi^ body and legs with both fists till he fell asleep, and, with some intervals, continued it the whole night. The person being fast asleep^ they abate a little of the stt^ngth and briskness of the beating J but, if they obsei*ve any appearance of his awakening, they resume it. In the morn- ing they were informed that Futafaihe's women rdieved each other, and Went alternate iy to sleep. Such a practice as this, in any other country, would be supposed to be destructive of all rest j but here, it operates like an opiate, and strongly shows what hibitmay effect. ' They set out with Futafaihe the next morning, and walked to the point, down the cast-side of the bay. The country all along this side appeared to be well cultivated, but not so much inclosed as at .Mooa. Th6y found, that in travelling Futa- faihe exercised a power, wliich^ showed the great authority the principal men are invested-with. To one place he sent for fish, to another for yams^ and his orders were as readily obeyed as if he had been absolutely master of ^11 the people's pro- perty. They crossed the bay, in the evening, to thext station, in a canoe procured by Futafaihe, by ex- ercising his authority in calling to the first that ap^ peared ; he had also a large hog at this place, and wanted them to accept bf a bundle of cloth | but^ the boat being small, they objected j ftnd he 91^^ . w- ...;., -v^- nf A VOYAGE tp rm 4crqd it to be taken tp tb^ra the next d?y. T^^^ eiuis Mr Andersojpi^^ Recount of lu9. excursion. Paptftin Cook t|?i4 prolqngpd hi^ stay at tbif island on ,aQcpunt of tb« ^ppr^achilng eclipse y bqt, onio^dking attbe .xnicrpiiLetei,/oD the 2d of July) be found sofue accid^t i^ad bappenf;d to it» ^n4 .tb^ it was ren4ered useless till repaired, iybicb could r^ot be done befoj;e t\ip time it wa^ intended to bjB u^d. We tjjcreff)re got on board, tbis day^ all tlfe cattle and olfeei: ani^aU, except those that WfE^^ dc^inp^'to remain. , TJ^ captain designed tp hay^j Jtft a lt,u|:ti:ey-^ock ^n^ b^n, bnt two benlp be- ii^g destroyed by accidjent, and wishing to c^ry the bxeedjtQ Ot^beite, be reserved tbe only re- . ^^ning pail foF that pur^osp. Jiye took up our anchor the next day, and nw^T ed the ships behind Pangimodoo, to be ready (or the first favourable wind to take ns through the nar- rOTfTSf 'pbe king, whq was of pur cognpany, one ^ay^ at dinner, I observed took particular notice of the plates. This occa^ion^d roe. to rnake hipt an qfTer of one, either of pewter, or of cartbea waije. He phosc the first ; and then begiin to- teS ps the sevejral uses to wbic}|i he int^en^ed to apply lU /Xw^ of thc^n /are ?o extraordinary, that I cannot omit - fnentioning tberp, Hp said, that whenever he should have occasion to visit any pf the other islands, he would leave ^tbis plate bebind him at yotngataboo, as a sort of representative Ip bis ab- senc9^ that the pf oplc jnlght pay it the ^am/? obei- sance trhey do to himself ip person. He w^? ask^4 what tad bpen usually,, deployed f<^f this pMjrjppsep before he gpt this, pl^te ^ and we had the ^ti«fi?Cv ii^^f'^^Barning fromi|iin; tlwt tl^ sjing^ter ^^ PACIFIC OCEAN. m ■K.' Rour had been coiifcf red on a i\'ooacn bowl in Ivhich he Washi^d hiii h^itds. The oth«r eJ.^ eclipse^ but was seen no more during the remain- der of the day, so that we couM not observe the end. This disappointment was the less to be la- mented, as the longitude was sufficiently determin- ed by lunar observations. > The eclipse being over, we packed up the in- struments, and every thing was conveyed on board. Ndne pf the natives having taken any care of the thriee sheep allotted to Mareew^ee, the commodore : ordered them to be carried back to the ships. He % was apprehensive, that if they had. been left there they would probably be destroyed by dogs. These ■j^-i- ^3* A VOYAP5 TQ THE ^ifi^l9 4ld nQt exist upo|i th^ island m 1773, )vbeQ the cprnmodore fir&t visited it ^ but there i« ^\i? plffi^y pf them, partly frpm the breed left; by; him, ^^i p^ttl]^ froni some imported from ^n ^s^fKlf. pa}led Fee/ee, At pircsent, however, the dogs hi^y^ nc^.gpt into^ny pf th|? Friendly Isla^d^i fa^pept Tp;^g^^hpo. I^r Anderson has givep us the following d(;« scrjptipp of this island. Amsterdam, Tongatabop^ W Tpngsi (^js ^t is spmetijqsies c^U^d by the nativ^s^ js i|bout twenty leagvi^ in ^irjCi^saferencje, r^thei fjh^pog, thp^gb bro^^t 9t thf 94$t ^nd, and it$ grfsateist length is from ^f»t to ^yeftt. Thp south fhpcft^^ straight, cpn^sting.pf cpr^ rQctL^ pf about fight or ten feet high, tcrminiatipg pcrpci^dicwUrly, f ]^cept ia Siome few places ivhe^9 ther^ ;ire sandy be<^ches. fhpyrest en4 U abput five or six miles bro^d, and has a shore li)Le that of th^ south side*, but the no|:th^dd^ is environed with shoals and islands *, a^d the ^^sp side is, i^iost probably, litie |be south. , :.':'\w.r This island tpay vitli popriety be called a low onp 5 the pnly eroinejit pajrt to be observed frptH a ship, is the southeast ppjnt, though many gentle rising and declining grpupds are perceivable by tho^e who are pi^ shore. Though the g^eneral appearance of the country dpes not exhibit that be$iutiful ^ind of landiK:ape9 prpduced by a variety of hills and valleys, rivulets, and lawns, ^c^t it cpn- Ycys an Idea of the most exuberant fertility. The surface, at a cfi^ance, seem? entirely clothed with trc^^s of various sizes: but the tall cocpa*paln)9 r|is/^ their tufted headshighabov^tHjerestt and are % ^obk orq^m^t to any country ^ajtprq^uf^ PACIFIC OCEAl*. *35 them* Thie bbdgoo) which i^ a ^tcks of the fig, i) the largest sizecl tree vtpon thb isUnd ^ and th^ most common bushei and small trees^ on the uncul* tivated spots, are the pandanus, the faitanoo, leyeral Mtrts.of hibiiicus, andiifew othets. The climate of Tongattibdo, from thfe situation towards the trc^ic, is radfie Variable ihnti in countries for within that line •, thdugh that itiight, perhaps^ be occasioned by the ^ason of the year, Which was now the winter solstice. The wiitds ari geherally from some point between the southing east. The wind, ihdeed, Sometimes Veers to the tiorthea^, oir tvcn northwest, but never contiriufes longj nof blows stiong from thence, though often accom- panied with heavy rain, arid close sultry Weather* The vegetabJt' productions are never so fnnch afu fected, respecting the foilage, as to 'shed it all at dnce y ' ut every leaf, as it falls, is succeeded b^ another, which causes the appearance 6f universal spring. A coral rock' appears to be the basis of the island, that being the ijnly sort that presents itself On the shore.- There was not the appearance of any other stone, except some small blue pebbles about the fiatookas, and the smooth black stone, of which the natives make their hatchets j^ snrd these have, perhaps, been brought from other islands iit the neighbouthood. Though in many |jiaces the tOral projects above the surface, the SoU is, in most parts, of a considerable depth, in cultivated pla- ces, it is generally of a loose black noloui", seem- ingly produced b^ the rotten vegetables^ -^ • The principal of the cultivated fruits in this [island ATc plaiUain^. of vybich they have- fifteen^ ^40 A VOYAGE TO THK /,>. •■■"t i • t ■. •>t^' Vo.::^ :i'/- •'-I varieties J tb^ jaoibu, afnd* tlic eccvee j tne latter being a kind ; of plum *, ^nd ysi^t quantities of ^haddocks, as oftef^ found in a natural state as planted* . ^ Of yams there are two sprts ; one black, and so large as to weigh from twenty to thirty pounds j )the oth^r white and )ong» seldom exceeding a pound in weight. .There is a large root, called ^appe \ another like our white potatoes, called mawhaba ^ the tald, and the jeejee, - They have yast r» umbers of cocoa-nut trees, and three other sorts of palms. One is called blp«oo, growing almost as high af« the cocoa-tree, and hav. mg very large leaves, plaited like a fan. The other is a kind of cabbage tree, much resembling the cocoa^ but rather thicker. A third sort is call- ed ongo-bngo y it seldom grows higher than five, or six feet. Plenty of excellent sugar-cane is culti. yatec* here 5 also gourds, bamboo, turmeric, arid a species of fig, called matte j but the catalogue of uncultivated plants is too large to beeni!imerat2d. ^ There are no quadrupeds in this island, but Ik)<«, dogs, and a few rats. Fowls of a large brped arc domesticated here. '^ Among the birds are parrots, and parroquets, ^uckoos, king-fishers, and a bird of the thrush kind, of a dull green colour, which is the pnly singing bird we could find here j but it compeir s^tes in a great degree for the want; of others, by the force and melody of its voice. Among the other land birds, are rails abouV tlie si^^e of a pigeon, of a variegated grey colour j a black sort with reddish eyes ; lai-^e violet cootSi %A ■'■W'B^^' Ji'T^'^ ».' PACIFIC OCEAN. 241 1 1' with red bald crowns ^ two sorts of fly-catcbers ^ a stDall swallow 'y and three sorts of pigeons. Of water-fowl, are ,tbe ducks seen at AnnampQ- ka^ tropic birds ^ blue, and white herons ^ nod* dies : white terns.; a* new species of a leaden co« lour *f a smf^il bluifSh curlew : and a large spotted plover. ., , , Among the animals of the rcrptile, or insect tribe, iire sea-snakes, (though often seen on shore^ about three feet long, with alternate black and w^ite circles ; some scorpions, and centipedes : also green, guanpes, about eighteen inches long, and two smaller sorts. Here are some beautiful moths and butterflies, and some very large spiders y toge- ther with, others, making, in the whole, about fifty Mcrent sorts of insects. , , Though the sea abounds with fish, the variety H -ess 'ban might be imagined : those in the greatest plenty are mullets, silver-fish, old wives, parrot-fish,; soles, leather-jackets, all^icores, bonnetos, eels like^ tho^e about Palmerston's Island, rays, a sort of pike^ and some devil-fish. There are an endless variety of shell fish about the reefs and shoals ^ among which are the hammer oyster^ a large indented oyster, and many others^ but none of-the common sort ; a gigantic cockle '^ panamas 'y cones ; pearl-shell oysters, (b'c. Also several sorts of sea-eggs ^ many curious star-fish ^ crabs \ cray-fish, C^ff". and several sorts of spunge. Though we were riojW ready to sail, we had not sqfficient day-light to turn through the narrows 5 the morning /flood falling out too early, and the I evening flood too late. We were therefore under a necessity of waiting two or three days, unkss we I :m M i4^ A VOYACi 'tiy THE should bd fdrtUtiatfe cni3fti;^h to have^ a leading wind. ' TMi dclajr gav^ trt ^ clii|)c9tttinJt^ t(y Bfc t^r'Mtnt at a put^ ^eitlfiitjr, i& #Weh tht kifig Bad in* Vk^d tfJ^V *hd whfc^ ViHil tb l^ 6ir the Iktit. Hfe it^ £1' tHcf pfci(ip bi iMtiateid rtitd cert^ih pi'tvi^ leges { drt^ bf Hr^hitfe Wai, that "df ti^tvgi^ji^ hh Aither J «h h^ktdttr he had rtot Hitherto ctjjbyedl ' Alrottt up Betiy^ tifo roen, who carrfed it over tjieir s1aouIdet§« They after- wards formed tnfw selves i^nto cQptmnijeSjj of teyi or twelve (Baph, ah(i mafichcd across the place with a rajMd p^ce, eacp company jQeaaep py gman wnp iia4 V cm or ^ea^r|\a9|4efcn(Je^ on i^ijB li^Jit, t^ seytojpjj(£4 hii^for^^ pr Jlajtpof^ ¥ cnf hoy se standm e\ uDon a robunty ^boui a quarter of f ^,frpm whcrc^cy^^^ /^^cre t)i^ deposited the yp^s^ ^ ^nd^^tK^r^ thcjn ifjtp feyiir dies ^" J)ut ipr what |iur|)ose we cpul4 not ppssib^|' , learn. Our pr^^enop feeing to give tpfva cfF|en<;^ or uneasiness, we quitted thcin, and ffturped to Poulaho, Who ja^vi^cd u? to j^rg^JiiB p^ by ^^alHing abopt, asinojt|?in^ woul^ be ^one for a con- liiderablc time. The fear pf Ip^j^Tg ih^c sightjof fiiiy part pF the ccrenipny prevented pjijr being long a)^* sent. Wkcn we rcturqei} to the Hir|;^ he dcs]re(J captain .Coojc t^ order the boat's prew not to pre- $^!X\e to stir frpna the b6at» %* every thing wotiljd. very soon, be tahoo ; and if sny of pur ptopic, or^f their owi^^ dnould be seen walkin? alcut, they would certainly be k^pjcj^cd dpVn Tvith cluljs } n^'y PRHimmPiRipaHqiPPH ™5!!T'WHP?'*'"^^^ "W 244 '.; A VOYAGE "rottlE '•■ •- , f- V-.*' f . 'iif TV :r?- ■ r'.f " tnaieed ; tliat'is tilled. Ite aW intbrmed iis that wc could not iae present at the ceremony j biit that we should be placed in such a situation as^obe nblc to sec every thing that passed. Our dress wa$ particularly objected to, and we were told, that, to <}ualify us to be present, we must l)e naked as low a^ the breast, and our hats taken olF, and our hair untied. Oinat readily agreed to conform , to these Irequiidtes, and immediately began to stripy but dther obledtibhs were then started, and:he was ex- eluded equally with ourselves. ^'^^^^ r' ^ 'U "t; ^ 7' Not relishing this restriction, ther captain stole oiit, to see wnat might now be going forward. Very few people, however,/ were to be seen,, except those who were aressed to attend the ceremony ; some having m their hands smair poles, about four feet in length, to the under pati of which v^'cre fastened tw6 or three other smair sticks, about six inches long. These^men were going towards the moral. Captain Cook tookthe same road, and was frequently stopped by them, jajl crying out taboo. However he ventured to go forward till he came in sight of the moraif and of the people sitting be- fore it. He was now strongly urged to go back, and, not knowing what might be the consequence of a refusal, he complied. He had observed, that those who carried the poles, passed the moral ; and guessing^ from this circumstance, that something was transacting beyond it, he had some thoughts of advancing, by making a round for this purpose *, but he was so narrowly observed by three men, that he had no opportunity of putting his design in exe- cution. In order to shake off these fellows, he re- turned to the malaee^ where he had parted from wmm pacific: ocean* ^4.5 t]ie king, ai)d aftex^^td^ ^ade an flopeixii'nt 9 se*- Q^m^ f,\me J bu^ hp ipatantly wt .wii;h the same tfciec men* whp tad djoubtljcss lecd^ed In^trvctipns to watch him. . H^ paid iV> attfc^uiojp |o tfeeni, till lie canic lyithm^ghfc p!f the king'? pjriftdpal^tf/c/.c?? 1^ or mor^t; befoie wf^^ch a great r^upabcf pf pisq*- pie were sitting, being ihosfe whoip bp t^/jju^ be- W s(;en pass by :the Ptijcr morai, &o^ which thi? wa,a but a little dist^ixt. Seeing ttiat he coiiJd ofe- scrye the prqceedings of this company irpm the king's plantation, he repfij^^ t]b^jl|ei^^^jcp|npanied fcv several pf nis pepplff, ^_ !t . j^ " The number of perspns at the ^4tooka ^ontinu^d! increasing for ^ome time j and at length, they quit- ted their sitting posture, and piarche^ ofF in pio- ces^ipn. They walked in pairs, every pait parry- ing between ^hejpi one, pi the ^mall po^es on their shoulders. We were infori^ed, that the small pieces of sticks fastened >^ the poles vijCie yams j it i% thexefpre probable that they werp meant to repre- sent ^his rpot onblcnxatically. The hindmost man of each couple placed one pf his hands tp the mid- dle cf the pole, as if it were wot ;5trpng eUPUgh to, carry the ivdjght that hung to it, and under which^ they all seemed to bend, as they proceeded. This procession ccnsisted of one hundred and eight pairf) and principally men of rank. Having seen thepi all pass, we repaired to Poulaho's house, and saw him going out. We were not .permitted to follow Iiim y but were; immediately conducted to the plsce allotted tp us, behind a fence adjoining to the area of the ^iz/oo^fl where the yanjs h^dbf en depp^si^ ^n the. morning. q ,-■*' "■4 ■ ^ *■*''*. . wmmmm 246 A VOYAGE TO THE Arriving at our station, we saw two or three hundred people sitting on the grass near the tnd of the road opening into the area of the morai ; and others were continually joining them. At length, a|*rived ^ few men> each carrying sottie small poles and branches, or leaves of the cocoa-nut ttee. As soon as they appeared, an old man seated himself in the road, and pronounced a long oration in a se- rious majestic tone. He then retired, and the others advancing to the middle of the area, began to erect a small sned or hut ; employing, for that purpose, the materials already mentioned. Their work pe- ing finished, they all squatted down for a moment before it, then rose up, and joined the rest of the company. PoulahoV son arrived soon after, pre- ceded by four or five men. After them appeared about twelve or fourteen women of the first rank, advancing. slowly in pairs, each pair carrying be- tween them a narrow piece of white cloth, about two orthree yardsin length. They approached the prince, squatted down before him, and wrapped some of the pieces of the cloth round his body j they then rose tip, and retired in the same order, to some distance <)n, his left, where they seated themselves. Poulaho now made his alppearance, preceded by four men, .walking two and two abreast, and 5at down on his son's left hand, at a small distance from him. The yoimg pripce then quitted his first position, and seiited himself under the shed, with his attendant}! 5 many others placed themselves on the grasf before this, royal canopy. The prinde sat facing the peo- |>l^y with his back to the niotai. Thfe«f ctrhipanie^ of about ten or a dozen men in each, started upl l^om among the crowd, soon after each otheo and ,j'.\i','.^. ,«. ,.«./i-' • .,1. M'.'^*'^v-,-:>''fii ■:.a :<^ 447 funnitig hastily tathe opposite side, sat down for r few seconds ^ and then returned, in the same man- to their former stetions. To them succeeded ncr two men, each having a small green branch in his hand, who rose and advanced towards the pririce, sitting down, for a few seconds, three different timea as they approached y and retired in the same man* ner, inclining their branches to each other as they sat. Afterwards two other repeated the same ccre« ;!^;V;- The grand p«ice!m6n7i^i^ittai*chedft^ other mor/f/, now began to come in. As they en- tered the area, they proceeded to the right of the shed, and having prostrated themselves on the grass^ deposited their pretended heavy burthens, t the poles) and faced round to the prince. They then rose up, and retired in the same order, closing their hand^ with the most serious aspect^ and seated themselves along ihe front of the area* Whil.*" this numerous band were entering and depositing th^ir pbles, threes meni'who sat with the piinCe, continued pronoun<« eing separate sentences, in a mournful mdancholy tone. ' ^^^'*?^'-^-' ■ • ' ■ .'JfbcJi: A profound silence then ehsued for a short tidie, after which a man who sat in the fi-ont of the area^^ begah a kind of oration, during which, sit several diffdl-ent times, hd broke one of the po'cs which bad becrt brought -iti. Having coticllided his orntion, the people, sittii?^ before the shed, separated, to mak Satined with whit they had already seen, some of our pkrtV ndiv reltutned to the ships 5 but captain Cook, and some tnore of the ofRcei's, remained at •t,'„ ..;jik. ■j*,'iiiii, ';».,•■ I, -«f A.yQ¥A(5J£]fi9 TB£ <.f^Uf . .V '**i*V / ^ ■^ « i:^^ MooB, to fife tbc Cj5 -idu^Qp of 4(he s^lcnmitf , yM,^ iwns ,11^ to be tW ,tlj« /fey (iErf^!wi«Ju. 'Ti*^ sfliaU poles, which ^ad b^cn brou^l \>y those wjha walk. «4 111 p^ijcessioiu, hehf^ ,irft ;On the grouDd, ^ft^r the f^mwdhad di^pe^sedi tbciW«P«fcp4priP ex^^ji^^^^ them, 9od'ibun4 t^liat, to the widdle pf c^^h, ti^Qrtiiied s»aM sticks were tiec!, 90 h^s Wn related* The^ were probacy intendf d fi^ptily af tifieial JF^prfisenta,. . pur supper, consisting of fish and yams, was got tiaidy pbottt seven o^clack. The Mf?g wpped with iift^ and drank 50 fr^ly ojF brandy and w^a^r, jfhat be retired to bed- wiitlh a «v»8iciftnt dQ^. We -con- tinued the whpk Oilght k^ti^ ^ame bftuse 4vi\h hii^ i^nd his aittendants. J All, except Poulaho lii«^df^ rps^ at day-break j soon after which, a wom^n, one pf-tbosp wbo geae- ^%Uy attended upon the chiefs caine in,,apd, sitting down by him, imm^iately b^an th^ saip^iopera- ^on w.hi<^h had been tpractijcd UpQJ^ F^tafftihe, tap* ping pr beating gently wilh her clenched fists c^n h\8 tihighs. This, instead pf adding tp bis i^epose, had the contrary effect, and he awoke. V Qaptain Copk and Ohe^sm npw p$iicl a ^isit to the prince, whpbad p^rtqd frpm u$ ear^y the j^^CsCding eyeni^g ^ for he did npt lodge i^th the king^ but |p apartments of his own, at ^osnq distance from his. fother's house. We^ found him with k circle of bpys, about his own age, sitting befpri; bi^, and an old man aiid woman* Tbere we^re atber^ of of both sexes employed about their nec^^s^i^y af* fi^ins, who probably belonged tp Ims bpusf^pld- , We then returned to tbeking^ who n^d a crowd- ed Icvcc bcforp^ hiro, consisting pruicip|lly of ^J[() * ^ ■ . . - . ■•■.*■' Pacific oceak. H9 iS^lv' ^■x :,u''-> nren. \Vlille i bowl of iavd was ptfcpiiritig, a baki. ed hog atid yams, smokin|r hot, were introduced ^ the greatest part of whith lell to our shard, for thesd people, especially the imva drinkers, eat very little in a tilorning. '^ ■^' ' ■ ■■ [ ^^a^^'^'M » We afterwards walked out, and visited sever^ other chiefs ^ all of whom were taking their morti* ipg draught, or they had already taken it. Retard* ing to the king, we found him asleep in a retired hut, with' two women tapping or t,qf> 4}p ^xffi ,con3p^ny> )^ wap dc4|r^4>>.^,l dovvnt^ which }ie af C9f#igfy .4i^.- Wt^'J^r, lie ;^a); there x^^e^c Ijiqg a nPfiiiier ^ ,|9^11 t]W^fi jCpm-; posed of CQcq^nu,t;4^v^$,.,Md r%teqfi^^ *9 ^iifjI^S a^ade ia|t;0 the iom pf ,)^ap4 ^W^'^Vf* . .i^fj'i^f?*^ }^- |armatji.oii he poifld get .cpnp/ertjing tJ?p?i[^ ly^^^ th?it ttex pf,,;be Qp^mpany tp):qed,to t;^^osc jvbp w^re i^qqiing to join i?S, ^A tfk^^ a ^q^rt sptccfh, in Vrbich w^ rjeinartcd, th^at jthip y^oiii fir^^j^ef (K">g) iwas genejc^dly inentipq,e,d, Spg?cthin|r Va^ sr^ldjy , Gifi^ m^ that prod^q^ioy41)urstj»i)tf lai^ghtex fiom ^ arpunjdj pthqrs o/ ^he s][|eater$, w^jcp ^30 paupji |pplag(led| The captain w^ fr/gjgucnjtljf ,dc!sif:ed tp ^ve tW^pl^pej hu^^t }c|}gtb^J?idi^|iJ^i 4^ ^^edtpjS^y, ^l^ejr ^aeji^uestqd bioi tp .jini^PYer his fi^uldets a« thj&ir^ ,werp, Thi§ ie r,e^4ily f onig>i£4 wjiih, ^(J tj^enlhey f>p lopgRr ^eeroed qpea^j .^t h^^l .||i^senpc: ..^ ■ ^ .^„,. , ^ .• '■ The prince, the ^p^q;i, ajnd tKe.kiqg, ^t length ^^^red, t^ thpy })a4 Aong the pr,eced^)f ,4ax. ^he pr^oqp^ bcfcig placed under tjie shed^ two ?neii, espk ^^.V-' ,.'*■>■ .■:• ■•■■ ■ ii . '. l'i>i:'^.S»M ^m^iti detations, a^ . diil'ef eWt compii^ifc* rati bsidt^»ird aiid fbrn^rd across tfhtf atea, sti if! rfit feHhet datf. Ffc^ctitly jiftctWard^J tije ttivio Acn, in the MdigPf ir 6f the afci, made si ili(^ speech, ^ftd dteitt tfie whole tottipkiif f8^ ui^ wd placed thewstekjcs' feefote ifie shed in wUth th^ princii and three dt foiiir tftfcn wfcre erected. One bf the cdrnpariy, whd s^^i^ed very desiroiis df cibfig-i mg c^pwitl Goofc, jfjtocuf^d him stich a siluatidSj that if he could have xilade tisfe of fiis eyes, liOti Jng couM hive escajE^ed hfin. Bat it tvras itecci^ar jr tcl Have a demure coutitfehahbe kftd downcait Ibolfefe^ l- Tht ^fofccssion soon aftfer arrived, a^ on the p^^i cfeding day 5 jI pole; ^hh d COCO^ittut ItAf ff^kit^dt i^otmd the middlfe of it, bertig carried biitBfe sHtidt- kts of every two person^ th^se weriE? dt|)bsiited with the same cercnibtiics 'as oii^ the ikf^efot^: After thll ^cc^dfed atlbtM j{)^6Ce$rfcrH^' t^^pi^^i of m^n who brou^t baskets "made of p«ltti4eave^^ ixsdi as are generaHy liifed by thi$ pfedple' tO catr^ provisions inv A third: prOce^iott fdUovvcd; lii i^dh^ vafiety of stlikil fiih, eitiH jlaciiB at th6 crtd df a forked sticit, ii'trtr bfrought. Alt did itlin^ who idt bti ,th^ I^Hricfc!'^' H^ht handy without tlie sttfed, tcceivid the bafskfcts j each of which he kept «^ his h^ntf, rtiakhng arlhdk speech or ptajrei -^ thm feyin^ that aside, he c^K^d for another, repeating tfie same kind of prayfer 5 he proceeded in thS tttanner till he had gone through the whole nunil |ber of baskets. Two men, who, till this time, had jih theirV hands ^reeh branches, and were seated on the left, received the fish otre by one' as they ^^' *s* A. VQYAOE TO THE' »»». ' lA. ■ ' * . mre presented to them cki the forked stick!?. Jpe first fish they laid down on their right, a^d the second oh their left. The third being ptesentjcd, a stoutish man, who was seated behind the other two, endeavoured to seize it, as did also the piher two at the same time. Thus every fish was contended for \ but the man behind, on account of his disadvantageous situation, got only pieces ; for he never quitted his hold till the fish was torn out of his hand. What the otheri got were laid f;Oti the right and left. At last the person behi;!d "got possession of a whole fish, the other two not w^yen touching it. Upon this, the word mareeai^ I f very ^ good), was pronounced in a low voice f throughout; the whole crov . It appeared that he Jv' iad now. done all that was expected from hjm j for ne die) not contend for the othei fish. ■ The persons who brought in these baskets and fish delivered I ' ^ tlieai sitting \ and in the same manner, the ■ poles ^/f parried in the first procession, had been placed upon the ground. At the close of the last procession there was some speaking or praying by different persons. ^ Then, on a signal being given, we all rose up, rjin several pac^,t: itir' ■ ■ V ,M^ ■■^/» ^- .:*• PACIFIC OCEAN. 253 an open space between us. Presently some rren ad- vaJiced towarcts us, two and two, bearing iiiifre poles upon their shoulders, waving their lianiN as ti«ey proceeded, and myking; r noise like sin^vng. When they came near us, they made '4 &• ov\ of talking quick, without advancing a single .v ep. Several men» armed with large sti' k«<, nnmecl' tel/ stiirted from the crowd, and ran tow.irds the n.w yiiitors, butthty instantly aindc oft, havinp, thvo'a down the pole- from their shoulders. Tlie others attacked thf! poles, and having beat tlienn n)on un- mercifuliy, 'returned to their pi .ces. Tbe foinier, as they ran off, gave the chtiUcngt- us d here in wresthng •, and, in a short ti v e, some lusty fel- lows came from the same quarter, rep^ritiiju rhe challenge as they approaclied. These were, resist- ed by a company, who arrived at that Inst nit frotn the opposite side. Both parties, houe^er, vetum- ed 10 their own quarter, after having paraded yl out the area for some minutes. Afterwarus, for thp space of half an hour, wrestling and boxing'' mhtcl^- cs succeeded, Speecbts were then delivered by twp men, who seated themselves before the prince, wit\i . which the solemnity ended, and the whole assea;- , bly broke up ^^,^,, .. ru, .;;.:il.,i,;r In vaii» did we endeavour to find out the purport of the solemnity, called Natche, AU the answer- we received to our inquiries, was taboo ;, which, as has been already observed, is applied to many tbing$y^.i^grhere was a mysterious solemnity in the whole transaction ; and from the manner of per- forming it, as well as the place where it"" was per- formed, it was evident that there whs a mixture of rclloian in the insiitution. Upon no other occasiou *3 vol.. r-*i; !•■ -. .-T • . .'T "• ':^ajfv.> IftTHofui Si V 'I m \\' 254 ''^■>L^-- ^'k- ■■s -;•■ ■^- ■■■.■. A VOYAGE TO THE i^\i /.iSv!-:-!.;it»4 I! •>. had they regarded our dress and deportment ; but now it was required that our hair »iiould flow about -iour shoulders ^ that we should be uncovered to the waist j sit cross-legged ; and have our hands locked together* ft should be observed also, that none but th^ chirf people, and those who were "Concerned in the ceremony, were admitted to assist in the celebration of it. All these circwrastanees cv'dently pointed out that they supposed theroselv«j acting under the inspection of a Supreme Being tipon this occasion. From the above account of the present natchej it ^may be considered as merely figurative. The few yams which were seen the first day, could not he meant as a general contribution ; and it was inti. mated to us, that they were a portion consecrated to the Otooa^ or Divinity. We were, however informed, that in the space bf three months, there w^ould be represented a more important solemnity j on which occasion, tht tribute of • Tongataboo, Hapace, Vavaoo, and ail the other islands, would be brought to the QiAt{^ and more awfully confirmed, by sacrificing ten hu- man victiihs from amongst the people. A horrid solemnity indeed ! On our inquiring into the occa. Mon of so (barbarous a practice, we were informed, that it was a recessary part of the Natche \ and thatj if omitted, the Deity would destroy their king, m^j I'^^:^j*J^: '.-■ ' ;, ^^: ■:^->- " ^ e*^, md'^^'rmML • ■y The day was far spent before the breaking up of| the assembly j and as we were at some distance from .the ships, we were impatient to set out from Mooa. Taking leave of Poulaho, he pressed us earnestly to stay till the next day, in order to be present at .a funeral ceremony. The wife of Maieewa^cc l-ACIFIC OCEAN. 255 his motliev4n-law, had lately died *, and, on ac- count of the natche, her corpse had b^cn carried on board a canoe in the ln^Qon, Poulatio told cap- tain Cook, that when he had pai«i the la«t oilices to her, he would attend Kim to Eooa ; but it' he did not choose to wait, that he would follow him thither. He would gladly hve seen this ceremony/ had not the tide been now favourable. The wind too, vj^hich had been very boisteious, was now mo- derate and settled. Btsid'-s, we vere infotmed, the funeral ceremonies w^uld continue fiTc days, which, a<« the ships lay in such a situation thai wc could not tjet to sta at pleasure, was too Jnng a time to stay. The captain, however, a^surtd the king, that if he did liot imr.,ediately sail, he would visit him again the next day. Wuereup n we all took leav^ of liim, and arrived at our ships about eight t two rabbits from us', a buck and a doc, from which young ones were produced belore we sailed. If the cattle succeed, the acquisition to these islands will be great j and as Ton^ataboo is A fine level country, the hoists will be extremely useful. ..; 1 "L. ■'■'>/■ ,4 ut,',ptt.% *^ .Iv "->w. 25b A VOYAGE TO THE / 4, t',V: III We weighed anchor on the loth, about eight o'clock in the morning, and with a steady /ale, turned through the channel, between the small isles called Mik vahaa and Monooafai. The flood, at first, set strong in our favour, till leading up to the lagoon^ where the eastward flood meets that frosn the west. This, with the indrau^ it of the lagoon, arid of the shoals before it, occasioned strong riplings and whirlpools. Besides these dis- advantages, the depth of the channel «^xceeds the lengih of a cable j consequently there cwn be no anchotage, ej^cept close to the rocks, in forty and forty -five fathoms water, where a ship w^ould be ex- pose 1 o the whirlpools. The captain, therefore> abHvidontd the design he had formed of cording to an anchor when we were through the narrows, and aftervvHrd^ of making an excursion to see the fu- neral. He rather chose to be absent from that ce- remony than to leave the ships in so dangerous a situation. We plied to wind vard. between the two tides, till it was near high water, without either g;i;iing or losing an inch, when we suddenly got into ihe influence of the eastern tide, where we ex- pecied the ebb to run strbng to the eastward in our l^.out. It proved, however, very inconsiderable. Convinced that we could not get to sea before it was dark, we anchored under the shore of Tonga- tab )0, in forty-five fathoms water. The Discovery dropped anchor under our stern •, but drove off the bank bdfore the anchor took hold, and did not re- cover it till about midnight. - •*' After remaining in this station till eleven o'clock the next dav, we weighed and plied to the east- \vard. A ten o'clock at night we weathered the m ■ IPWP PACIFIC OCEAN. f^h.. r- «.*. ^-5% «ast end of tiic island, and stretched away for Mid« dleburg, or iilooa (^as the inhabitants call itj wnere we anpwored, about eight the nc:ct murnnig, in ior« ty tathoms wattr j being nearly the same piace where the captain took bis s^uciu in. 4773, when ' fee named it Eng/tsh « here iri 1773, and therefore tney were not strangers lO titch otheu I'hc captain accompanied h»^i on shore in search oi fiesn water, tn^ piocuni!^ of which was the chief object thux brought hiin lO ^ooa. iit had heard ai iongatabod oi a sticam i., c^ which ran trom the hiiis into the sea j out this was not the case at present. He was conduc- ted to a Uackish sprnig, among rocks, between low and high water mark. When they pei>.eived that we dia not approve ot this, we were shown a httlc way into the islaou, where, in a deep cha-nn, we found some exceileiU water j which, though at- tended with some trouble, might be conveyed to the shore, by means ol spouts or troughs, tnat Uiight be provided for that purpose ; but ravher than un- xieitakc that tedious task, the captain contented hinwelf with the supply the ships had rectivtd at " Aongat^boo. • ^ * Before h;- returned on board, he began a tri^ffic for hogs and yams. Ot the f( r.nei we could not procure many j but, of the latte;, plenty. At this isliiiid we landed the rams and twoewes, of the Cape of Gjod Hop^ bleed, and committed them to tt.ecarc Ot Tiaoofa, ^^h^* sceme » delighted with his thargc# i ,.l< '^' -U/.', "% '^:^^''' V"^ ^^* N* ^58" : .^;^,. A VOYAGE TO THE • ■■ ■]:■ ' X: ., ./ .., ./,, .; , . ■ Our ccnduftprs informed us, ths^t this mcuiu had scape was su the might dows Engla benev« deratl( had n( besid( isles, tree. told, inhabi •■•''■si '., ■-;}>'/' "r!P'' PACIFIC OCEAN. ^'59 . .-" ., ).■ ■ ; ;,'. .v" "" . b'ecti raised by the direction of their chief j aria tnat they met there, occasionally, to drink, iava. They called it Etcbee ; by which name an erection was dis» tinguished which we had seen at Tongataboo. At a small distance from \\ was a spring of most excel- lent water*, and, about a mile lower down, a stream, which, we were told, ran into the sea when the rains were copious. We also discovered water in several ST[> all holes 5 and supposed that plenty might be found, by digging. .^■m^-yw^^m^/m^.j^iC';^ Fiom this elevation we bad a complete view of the whole island, except a small part to the south. The south-east side, from which the hills we were now upon are not far distant, rises with great ine- qualities, immediately from the sea j so that the plains and meadows lie all on the northwest side j which being adorned with tufts of trees, intermix- ed with plantations, form a most delij'^htful land- scape in ^very point of view. While captain Cook was surveying this enchanting prospect, he enjoyed the pleasing idea that some future navigators might, from the sanae eminence, behold these mea- dows stocked with cattle, brought by the ships cf England 5 and that the completion of this single benevolent purpose, exclusive of all other consi- derations, would sufficiently prove that our voyages, had not been useless. We found, on this height, besides the plants common on the neighbouring isles, a species of Gcrosticum^ fnclastoma, and fern- tree. All, or most of the land on this island, we were told, belonged to the chiefs of Tongataboo j the inhabitants being only tenants, or Vassals, to them. /" '.. ■1 . ■ * ♦. '■it: r.:,' ^'^^mrmw-^ ■Mi a6a- A VOYAGE TO THE w^ I ?' t Tliis seamed, indeed, to be the case' at all ih^ neighbouring isles, except Annaniooka, where some qI the chiefs seeaied to act with some kind of IndcpendenGC. Omai, who was much esteemed by Feenou and many others, was tempted with the of- fer of being appointed a chief of this island, it he would continue among them^ and he seemed in- cjinable to have accepted the offer, had he not been advised to tlie contrary by captain Cook, though not because he thought he would do better for him- self in his native isje.fei..:^;^5::^^c-#.ft'S'^^, ' -j^^A- Returning, from our country excursion, We helrd that a party o^ the natives, in the quarter where our people traded, had struck one of their own peo- ple with a club, which fractured his skull, and af- tervvards broke his thigh with the same instrument. No signs of life were remaining, whm he was car» ried to a neighbouring house, but in a short lime he recoveied a little. On our desiring to know the reason of such severity, we were informed, that he had been discovered in an indelicate situation with a woman w^ho was tabooed. We soon understood, however, that she was no otherwise tabod^ d \\\7a\ by belonging to another person, who was superior in rank to h^r gallant. We discovered from this cir- cumstance, how these people punish such infidcii- ties. But the female sinner, as we u ere informed, has a much milder punishment for her misdemea^ nor, and only receives a remonstrance and a very slight beating. ^ ^ .^.y ^ Captain Cook, the next morning, planted % pine-apple, and sewed the seeds ot n^clons, and other articles, in the chief's plantation. He had reason, indeed, to suppose, that his cndtAVJurs of .,<» ,'.;. Pacific ocean. 26 r this kind would not be fruitless j for a disb of tur- nips was, this day, served up at his dinner, which was the produce of the seeds he had left here in The captain having fixed upon the 15th for sail- ing, Tacofa pressed Vim to stay a little longer, in ordei to receive a present which he hpd prepared for hinu His entreaties, together with the daily- expectation of receiving a visit from some of his friends at Tongataboo, induced him to defer his departure. The next d^y he received from the chief the present ; consisting of two little heaps of yams, and a quantity of fr^iit. which seeroed to be eollected as at the other isles. On this occasion the greatest part of the inhabitants of the island had assembled j and^ as we had many times experien- ced on such numerous meetings among their neigh- bouring islanders, it gave no small trouble to pre- vent their pilfering Cudgelling, wrestling, and boxing, were exhibited for our entertainment *, and in thfe latter, combatants of both sexes engaged. The diversions were intended to have been finished with the bomois or night-dance •, but an accident happened that either put a total stop to it, or at < least prevented our staying on shore to see it. One of our people was surrounded by twenty or thirty of the natives, some of whom knocked him down, stripped him, and carried off all his clothes. Hearing of this, the commodore seized two canoes, and a large hog, and insisted on the chief's noc only causing the apparel to be restored, but also on the otFendf^rs being delivered up to him^ Taoofa seemed greatly concerned at what had happened, and took the necessary steps to satisfy him. The £6a ,Wv.''*|t- A VOYAGE TO TBH people who were assembled were so alarmed at this affair, that most of theiti immediately fled. How- ever, when they were informed that the captain meant to take no other measures to revenge the in- sult, they returned. One of the delinquents whs soon delivered up to> him, and a !»hirt and a pairof trowsers restored. The remainder of the stolen goods not coming in before the evening, the com- modore was obliged to leave them, in order to go aboard j the sta running so high, that it was ex- tremely difficult for the bo^ts to get out of the creek even with day-l'ght, and would be attended ^iih much more dangv^r in the dark. He came ashore again the next morning, bringing with him a present for Taooia, in return for what he had leceivjsd from hi;n* Being early, there were but few people at the iandrng-place, and even those few uot with^ out tncir feats and appreh«nsion« j but pn the. cap- tain's desiring Omai to assure them that we did not m<;an to iivjure them ) and having restored "^he ca- noes, and released the offender, who had .been 64 A VOYAGE TO THE k. ?i(v: %;;^ •'-V. .'•.' and added considerably to our supply of hogs. Finding that we would not return, these people left us in the evening, as did some others, who had come o^in two canoes, with cocoa-nuts and shad- 'docks, to barter fit what tbcy could get ; their c igernesi? to possess more of our commodities, in- ducing them to follow us out to sea, and to conti- nue their intercourse with us even to the last mo. ^■'ment. ■;■ ■^x , ■-■ We have now taken l'■ ,■'. " ■ .* - -'"■'' ' ' ■ ' ;^i -v ■■•< . . -v.. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I Mi U4 t 1^ 12.0 21 2.2 1.8 1.25 1.4 1^ ■• 6" — ► Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 W5JT MAIN STREET WEBSTKK.N.Y. U580 (716) e/:>4v-) 1 ^ \ iV ^ n procured all their names. Sixty os.e of them are marked upon our chart of the Friendly [ Islands, and upon the sketch of the harbour of Tou-j gataboor KeppelPs and Boscawen\ Islands, two of I captain Wallis's discaveries in 1765, aire dQubtlessj eompiehended in Mr Anderson's list. But the most considerable of all the islands thatl we beard of in this neighbourhood, are Hamoa, Vavaoo^ and Feejee > each of which is larger Uianj Tongataboo, butit does not appear that any Euro* pean has ever yet seen any one of them> Hamoa lies. two day s sail northwest from Va v aooJ *It is said to be the largest of all their islands j afj fords harbours and good water, and ptoriuc^s abundance all the articles of refreskcQcnt that ard found at the places we visited* Poulaho frequentj FACinC OCEAN. 267 ly resides upon this island ; and tlie people here are in high estimation at JFongataboo. . v^; F'^cjee lies in the direction of'northw^stby west^ about three days sail from Tongataboo. It abounds with hogs, dogs, fowls, and such fruits and roots as are to be found in any of the others, and is much larger than Tongataboo ^ but not subject to its do^ minion, as the other islands of th? archipelago are«^ Feejee and Tongataboo often engage in war against each other ^ and the inhabitants of the latter are often so much afraid of ;his enemy, that they bend the body forward, and cover the face with their hands, to express the sense of their own inferiority to the Fegee men. This is, indeed, no matter of lurprise, fijr those of FeeJec have rendered them- selves formidable, by their dexterity in the use of , h3W8 and slings ^ but more so, by their savage prac- tice of eating such of their enemies as they kill in battle.- -■•.£... It has been insisted on, tTiat extreme hunger15rst occasioned men to feed on human ilesh ; bat where Could be the inducement for the Feejee people to^ continue the practice in the midst of plenty ? It is , held in detestation by the inhabitants of Tongata- boo, who seem to cultivate the friendship of their lavage neighbours of Ftejee through fear ; though they occasionally venture to skirmish *vith them l^n their own territory; and cafry off large quanti- ties of red feathers as trophies. When a profound peace reigr.s between the two islands, they liave frequently intercourse together ; tho' it is probable they have no^ bfen long kftoivr^to each other j or, lit might be -supposed that Tongataboo, and its |i«ei^hbMMrin^ uUidSf would, before this iimt> have ^■MIP MIPIHIIPV .68 A VOYAGE Tb THE J-J:f bctn supplied with a breed of dogs, whfcb arc nu- merous at Fi^ejee, and were not brought to Tonga- taboo when captain Cook first visited it in 177 J. The colo;ar of the natives of Feejee was at least a shade darker than that of the inhabitants of the other Frlendlv Islands. We saw otic of the natives J r>of Feejee, who had his left ear slit, and the lobe .so ' ^stretched, that it almost extended to his shoulder ^ . ^ which singularity had bern observed by captain "^^ ' Cook at other islands of the South Sea, during his second voyage. T-he Feejee men were much re» vcrenced here j not only on account of their power ^ and cruelty in war, but also for their ingenuity 5 for *' they greatly excel the inhabitants of Tongataboo in workmanship. Specimens were shown us of ^ their clubs and spears, which were ingeniously car^ vv^^^^^^^^^^^^ We were vlso shown some of their beautifully l;?chequered cloth, varie^^i^ed m^ts, earthen pets^ ^nd • other articles, all of wnich dispiayeJ a superiority V. in the execution. • •£> u ; :rj^ ' Feejee, as has been already tnenfioned, is three > ''^>d:^ys sail from Tongataboov these people having no other method of discovering the distance from island to island, but by mentioning the time requir- ■ cd for the voyage in one of their canoes. That this might be ascertained with precision, captain Cook sailed in one of their canoe'^,?ind, by i^eoeated trials with the log, jToand that she vvent close .auled. in (■ H gentle g^le, seven miles in an hour. He supposed from this, that they will sail, with such breezes as in general blow in their seas, seven or eight miles ^n an hour on an a,verage. Each day, however isi jiot to be reckoned at twenty four hours 5 for when they talk of one day's sail, th^y mean no, m.ojie thanj PACrnC OCEAN.;^ 269 irom t\c morning to the evening, or ten or twelve b .^irs at the most. From the morning of the first dny till ttie evening of the second^ is with them two days sail, in the day they are guided by the sun^ aad, in the night, by stars. When these are ob* scared, they can only have recourse to the points from whence the winds and waves oome upon the vessel. If, at thattimey the winds and wave!>';.should shift, they are quite bewildered,, often missing their intenc ^ poft, and being never heard of more^ The stf)ry ot Onai's countrymen, who were driven to Wateeoo, convinces us, hov^ever, that those who are not heard of, are not ml ways lost. The harbour and anchorin^i-pii.ce of Tongataboo is superior to any we haye met with among these isl .nds, as well from its great security, as its capa- city, and goodt^ess of bottom. The.iisk we ran in entering it from the north, should caution tvery fu- ture commander from attempting that passage again, csDccialiy with a sh'p of burden, since that by rhich we Uh It may be pursued with greater ease an4 safety.- Though the harborr of Tongataboo has the pre- ference, its water is exceeded in goodness by that at Annamooka, and yet this cannot be reckoned good. Tr>lcr^bic water may, nevertheless, be pro- cured, by digging holes near- the side of the pond. iJes'des, Annamooka being nearly in the centre of tile group, is the best situate for proeuiing re^resh- mcnts from the others* There is a citek in the reef on the north side of the island, wherein two or three ship<; may lie securely. Tbose who are desirous of having a mofe parti- cular description of the Ftiendly Islands, must have ^& ■ 4--J-. V— ' •^IPOTI**^ 270 A VOYAGE TO THE fccourse to the chatty where every thing is delineat-^ ^d as accufatel% as circumstances would permit. To the same chart recourse may also be \md for tracing the several stations of the ships, and their route* . :oi' V ; What may have been' here omitted; concerning the geography of these islamls, will be fovind in the history of captain Cook's last voyage* j to which narrative the reader is referredf, for such particu- lars as he had then observed.' At present we shall only relate such interesting cifcum«itante$ a$ either were omitted Jn that accoujit, or wcjre imperfWtly and ihcorrectly represented;' >" ' ' After living among them between two and three months, it is reasonable to expect that we should hit able to clear up every difficulty, and to give -a tolerably good account of their manners, custom?, and institutions^ civil as well as^ religious ; particu- larly as We bad a person with us, who, by under- standing their language as well as ours, might be enabled to act as an interpreter. But Ooiai wa*t not qualified for that task. • Unless we had before us the object^or thing concerning^ which we wanted information, we found it difficult to obtain a coiw- petent knowledge from his explanations. Omal ^vas certainly niore liable to make mistakes than we were : for, having no curiosity, he never troubled himself with making remarks j and when he at- tempted to explain matters tons, his ideas were ap- parently so limiteci, and, probably, differed so much from ours, that his confused account s,;!nster*d of in- structing often only perplexed us. ^., Besides, we * 99ok*8 Voyage, V9L 1. 1^. %iu %i^f f ^^ h ^'3» **5' i PACIFIC OCEAN. ^ 271 could seldom find a person, among the natives^ who had both the ability and inclination to give us the information we required. And many of them, we observed, appeared offended at being asked, what they, perhaps, deemed, frivolous questions. At Ton- gataboo, where we continued the longest, our situa- tion was likewise unfavourable ^ being in a part of the country, >where, except fishers, there were but few inhabitants. With our visitors, as well as with those we trisited^ it was always holiday ^ so that we could not observe what was really th« domestic way of 'living among the natives. That We copld not,' therefore, in this situation, bring away satis- factory accounts of many things^ is. not the least surprising. Some 6f us, indeed, endeavoured, by or ly, of I ji dull hue, with some degree' of roughness espt^v:!- ally the parts that are not covered j whici:j, per- flaps, itf ay be occasibned by some cutar.cous d«. case. We saw a man and boy at' Hapnee, «nd jI cihild at Annamooka, perfectly white. SiicK Vra^ej been found amongst all black nations y bui, I :•/' PACIFIC OCEAN.^ .■AT ^n prebend, that their colour is rather a disease than a natural phanomenon. ^ Upon the whole, however, few natural defects or deformities are to be seen among them ; tho^ we observed two or three with their feet bent inwards. Neither are they exempt frbtn somerdiseases. Vast numbers of them are affected with the tetter or jiiig)vorm, which leaves whitish serpentine marks behind it. But they have another disease of a more mischievous consequence, which is also very fre- jquent^ and appears on every part of the body, in large broad ulcers, discharging a thin, clear pus, fome of which bad a very- virulent appearance, par- ticularly on the face. Some,: hpwever, appeared to be cur^ of it, and others mendings but it was geilerally attended with the loss of the nose, or a considerable part of it. It being certainly known, and even acknowledged by themselves, that the natives were subject to this disease before they were visited by the English, it cannot be the effect of venereal contagion, notwithstanding the similiarfty of the symptoms^ unless we adopt a supposition, that the venereal disorder was introduced here by <)ur people in 1773. It certainly was amongst them at this time ; for, soon after we arrived there, some of our people received the. infcptiori 5 and qap^ tain Cook had the mortification to learn from thence that all the care he took in 1773, to prevent the communication of this dreadful disease, had proved aneffectual. They do not seem, however, to regard it much ; and, as we did not see many instances of its destroying effects, perhaps the climate, and the tvi^y of living of these people, may abate its vi^u-^ IpncC;. Tvyo other diseases are common among ( ■ ' ^ '» ' .■^m. , ?74 A VOYAGE to THE them J one of whkh is a firm swelling, wliich afl facts the legs and arms ^ the other is a tumcur in the testiclesi v^hich sometimes exceeds the size of the two fists. In other respects, they are remark* ably healthy, not a dngle persmi having, during our stay, becti confined to the hoosc by any kind of sickness. Their strength and attiwyare, in every srespect, an^eriible to their miiscular jjppearance^ and they exert l)Oth, in such a mahuer, as to prove that they are as yet little debifitated by tbe nutne. roOs diseases that are the natural consequence .of in^ dolencei I- , The gracerftil thlen and firmness of step with which they walk, are obvious proofis of their person tial accoadpibhtxients^ They consider this^s a thing so necessary tb be acquirid^ that their laughter was 4!xcited when they saw us fre^ently stumbling up* t)n the roots of trees, 0t other inequaHtiea in walk- Their GOiftntenances v^y remarkably express the cibfindanimildtie«^s,(»r g4oil*nttture, which they pos- sess j and a r« ftnfirelyfr^ ffom that savage keen^ ness which in i^fks nations in a barbarous state» One w^uld, ind^d, be apt to fancy, that they had been bred up iindtr the Severest restrictions, to acquire «n aspect- so s^ettled, and such a command of tbeir passions, ^ii well as steadiness in conduct. But they are, at the saitie time, frank, cbearful, and good- humoured 5 , though sometimes, in the presence of their chiefs, tbey put on a deg:iec of gravity, and I ^uch a seri^^v■.'^■■1■■'' 'V . , .ft... Thcr only defect sullying their character, that we jknoiv of, is a propensitv to thieving j to which, we found tho^e of all ages, and both sexes addicted, land to an uncommon degree. It should, however, llie considered, that this exceptionable part of their I conduct seemed to exi§t merely with respect to us ; Ifor, in their gencfal intercourse with one another, I Ibad reason tf) be of opmion, th^t thefts do iwt hap** jpcn more frequently -(perhaps less so) than in other countries, the dishonest practices, of whose worth- Iless infjividuals* ar«; twt supposed ^to authQlisc any 'indiscriminate censure 0n tlw ij»?iole bod^y of the peaple. Great ajlos^nces, should be made for the )ibies of these p^PK wtive$ of the Bi^ifii:^ Ocear»^ /■',.■.■ 2y& A VOYAGE TO THE ;t^ A / >''«'l/'/'V whose minds were overpowfeawitntne glare of ob^ jects, equally new to them, as they were captivating. Stealing, amongst the civilized andL enlightened nations of the world, may well be considered as de- noting a chraacter, deeply stained with rhoral tu|r- pitude, with avarice unrestrained bytjie knowii rul^ of right, and with profligacy producing extreme in- digence, and neglecting the means of relieving lit. But at the Friendly and other islands whjch welvi- sited, the ihefts so frequently committed by fh< i|ja- tives, of what we had brought along with usj- niiay be fairly traced to less culpablr; motives. tTbey seemed to arise, solely, from an intense curibsily tx de»ire to possess something whibh they had not been accustomed to before, and belonging to a sot|t of people so different from themsel* ,s. And perl haps, if it were possible^ that a set of beings, >eem|. Jngly as superior in ourjudgment,as we areintheirsj^] should ^pear amongst us, it might be doubted, whethei^Xur natural regard to justice would beftblp| to restrain many from faljing into this error., The hair of these islanders is, in general^, tl>ickJ stra,ight, and strong.; though some have i bushjf] or frizzled. The natural colour appears to bej black, but many of the men, and some of the^ wo- men, stain it of a brown, or purple colour ; and! 'a few give it an orange cast, f^^ ^'^^ ®^ these] colours is produced by applying a sort of plaister of burnt coral mixed with water ; the second, by th< raspingti of a reddish wood, mixed into a poiflticpJ and laid over the- hair j and the third is said to be i^v' TWey^aife so w^himsicaMit their fashions of wearj jmg th«ir litir, -that ) it is difficult 10* say wbi^h .■■ '\^ '^'W% PACIFIC OCEAN. - 277 most in vogue. Some liave none ob one itde of jlie heatl, while it remains long on the other side | jiomc hhve only a part of it cut short ; others have parted with the whole, except a single lock on one «idr. Some permit it to grow to its full length, without any of these mutilations. The women usuhIIv we ir it short. The beards too arc cut short j and bptli sexes strip the hair from their arm pits. The men are stained with a deep blue colour from the middle of the belly, to halfway down the thigh?. This is effected with a flat bone instrument, full ui fine teeth, which by a stroke of a bit of stick Jntr>- duces the juice of i/ooe doae into the skin, by which means indelible mart<'s are made. Lines and Hgures are thus trjjced, wnicW, 11^ some a''e very clcgan:. The women have only some small lines, thus irn- prfnted, in the inside of their hands. As a mark of distinction, their ki^gs are exempted from this Custom. The men are not circumcised, but rather supercised •, the operation consists in cutting off only a piece of the foreskin at the upper part, which IS thus rendered^^ncapable of ever covering*the^/^/ix. They have no other aim in in i:; operation, butonJtj practise it from a notion of cleanliness. The dress of both sexes is the same *, consisting of a. piece of cl4)th or matting, about twa yards in breadth, and two yards and a blalf in length.- It is double before, and, like a petticoat, hangs down to the middle of the leg. That part of the gar- ment which is above the girdle, is plaited into seve- ral foidu, which extended, is sufficient to draw* up and wrap round the shoulders. This, as to form, is the gener?il dr6ss \ but the fine matting, and long pieces of cloth, arc w»orn only by the superior clasK A a 278 r A VOYAGE tb THE mmmi '^.iiSi' of people, v The inferior sort are contented with , - small pieces, and very often have only a covering . made of leaves of plants, or the maro, a narrow piece of cloth, or matting, like a sash. They pass this between the thighs and round the waist. It is seldom usejd but by the men ; in their haivas^ or .grand entertainments, they have various dresses, ' which, though the same in form, are embellished, more or kss, with red feathers. ;- ; - !"* . l r - - - Both men. and women occasionally defend the«r faces from the sun with little bonnets, mad^ ;of va- -zious sorts of materials. '•^?^'':'**^^ ^■^- •' ■■■' -/•;"■ •■■.^^^iv^-- v. /^ ' The ornaments worn by those of either sex are the same. Thee which are most common are neck- laces made of th,e fruit oitht pandanus^ and vari. ous sweet*smelling flowers, kno^vn by the general name of kahulla. Others consist of small shells^ shark *5 teeth, the wing and leg-bones of birds, ^c, all which are pendent upon the breast. In this manner, they often wear a polished mother-of-pearl shell, or a ring, on the upper part of the arm j rings of tortoise-shell on the fingers j and several of these ^/joined together, formed into bracelets on the wrists. Two holes are perforated in the lobes of. the ears, '^^ir which tbeywe^. cylindrical bits of ivory, of the ilen^th of three inches, introduced at one hole, and lira wd out of the other 5 or bits of rcied filled with a yellow pigment. This appears to be a fine pow- der of turmericy vijhxch. the women rub all over their bodies^ in the same manner as the European iadies use their dry rou'je upon their cheeks, ^^ f j f«v-,Personal cleanliness is their deli^s^ht, to pipoducel ,\vhidhth£y bathe frequently in -the ponds, /i'ho' •tihe water has an intolerable stench in most of them, -7^^ V' ■/- /."'^ '-"i^'/ ' .■■ i" '?. '■■- '■ '■ >►' wmm -,'.*»., PAaFIC OCEAN, .■>'. . they always-prefer tliem to the sea ; and they are so sensible that their -skin is injured with saltwater, that, when they arp obliged to bathe in the sea, •they have fresh water poured over them to wash off its bad effects. They are extravagantly fond of cocoa-nut oil j a great quantity of which they pour upon their head and shoulders, and rub the body all over with a smaller quantity, t^i i. ^|??<#^>j^i s; The domestic life of these people is neither so laborious as to be disagreeable, nor so free from employment as to suffer them to degenerate into indolence. Their country has been so favoured by nature, that the first can scarcely occur j and their disposition appears to be a sufficient bar to the last. By this fortunate concurrence of circumstances, their necessary labour seems to yield^ in its turn, to their amusements and recreations, which ftrc never interrupted by the thoughts of being obliged to re* cur to business tjH they are induced by satiety to wish for that transition. The employment of the women is not difficiuit ; and is generally such as they can execute in the xhouse, The making of cloth is entirely intrusted to their care j the process of which manufacture has been already described. The cloth in general is able to resist wat^r for some time ; but that which has the strongest glaze is th^ least liable to be penetrated with that fluid; . Another manufecture, which is al^o consigned to the women, is that of their mats, which excel those of most other counicries, both with re^^pect to their texture and their beauty. Of these mats there are seven or eight different sorts, which they either wear or slee^p upon j and many are, rnerely orna- mental. The last are principally made from the - * Aa 3 ^ • . mmmm ^mm aio A VOYAGE TO THE ■ '1 •'■■iiT;J:. «^4i^:'' '('""«■. !;^-'^ '\r.:^. ^,^*'^ .-|^f>'.,. /,l»^ tough, itiertm'aTJeoijs part of tlie* stock of tile plaft- tain-tree j those that they wear, aye generally com- posed of the pandamtj ; and the coarser kind, on tvhich they sleep, are formed from, a plant called ^varra* Theie are several other articles of less im- portance, that employ their females J as combs, of which they make great quantities ; and small has- kets made of the same substance as themats,^- and others composed of the fibrous husk of the cocoa- nut, either interwoven with beads, or plain j all which are finished with extraordinary neatness and ,taste. " :1^t^ms0-Mil: ^ii;* vi^L. iS3fl^'^-':K'c^^n.'p^i> <■: The province of the men is, as migli^ reason- ably be expected, far more laborious and extensive than that of the other sex. Architecture, boat- building, agriculture, and fishing, are the principal objects of their care. As cultivated roots and fruits form their chief subsistence, they find it necessary to practise husbandry, which they hav€ brought by their diligence to some degree of perfection. In planting yams and plantains, they dig small holes for their reception, and afterwards robt up the sur- rounding grass. The instruments used by them for this purpose are called hooo ; and are nothing more than stakes of various lengths, tlattened and sharpen- ed to an edge at one end j and. the largest ones have a short piece fixed transversely, by means of which they press the implement into the ground with the foot. When they plant the two above- mentioned vegetables, they observe such particular exactness, that, which ever way you turn your| eyes, the rows present themselves C9mplete and re- gular. . %y-,. ^o^^^^f- ^f*l-|pxi «i^li^'>.f -y-^^ f^}iU i-^ -^l . :jr- ^ .'. ' .1 ,S L \t. • »• •tSSi , Cdg< i,£i,.;i t^fi ii'Si!.:,..i(*?,;'.*M« r.'WJWii;., : ,«'-/:t^i PACIFIC OCEAN, A The bread-fruit and cocoa-nut-trees, are disper- sed about, without any order 5 and, when they have arrived at a certain height, give them little or no trouble. The same may be said of another large tree, which produces a rodndish compressed, nut, called eeefee \ and of a smaller tree bearing an oval nut, with two or three triangular kernels. The kafipe is, in general^ planted regularly, and in large spots J but the mawhaha is interspersed among other things, as are also the yams 2X\^J€eje(;. Sugar- cane is usually in small spots, closely crowded. The mulberry, of which the cloth is made, is kept very clean, and has a good space allowed for it, 'Y\\e pandanus is cotfimonly planted in a row, close together, at the sides of the fields. . They display very little taste or ingenuity in thife construction of their houses. Those "of the louder class of people are wretched huts, scarce sufficient to shelter them from the weather. I'hose of the better sort are larger, as well as more tomroodious and comfortable. A house of a middling size is of \\q following dimensions, viz. about twelve feet ir^ ht'oht, twenty in breadth, and thirty in length. 1 h* *r houses are, properly speaking, thatched roofs or sheds, supported by rafters and posts. The floor is raised with earth smoothed, and covered with thick matting. Some of their habitations are oper^ all round •, but the major part of them are enclosed on the weather side with strong mats, or with bran- ches of the Gocoa-nut-tree plaited or interwoven with each other. A thick mat, about three feet broad, bent into a semicircular form, and placecj edgcM'ays, with the ends touching the side of the house,*encloses a sufficient space for the master and -^^ .,..*.■ A a ' '■ i // ,1 •m^imft mmmm 2^2 :;/(;.. ' • ,■''■.■%.. . ' J ■ . A VOYAGE TO TH^ V V V mistress to sleep in. The rest of the fapnily sl^ep upon any part of the floor, the unmarriefl men and women lying apart from each other. If the family is large, there are little huts adjoining, in which the servants sleep. Their whole furniture consists of some wooden stools, which serve them for pil- lows •, baskets of different sizes. In which they put their combs, fish-bcoks, and ^ools ; two or three . wooden bowls, in which they make ka'Oa ; some eft- ' coa-nut shells, a few gourds, and a bundle or two ,;,. of cloth. ■■■ -:"'^^^4;-'. , ■ They are very skilful in building their canoes, • which, indeed, are the most perfect of their me- ^3 thanical production?. 'The double ones are miide J :' sufficiently large to carry about fifty persons, and V..;.>ail at a great rate* Upon them they generally fix i ?^ :] a hut or shed, for- the reception of the master nnd r ! ihis family. They are made of the bread-fiuit tree, and the workmanship is extremely neat. 1 hey ap- v^ pear on the outside as if they w'ere composed of one ; ^$ol id piece ; but, upon closer inspection, they are i found to consist of a great number of pieces, which *- 6t each other exactly, and by means of a ledge oirj V the inside are secured together with cocoa-nut line* ^^jT^e single canoes are flemished with an outrigger* ' K The only tools which they make use of in the con- 'jStruction of these boats, are hatchets, or adzes, of al I smooth black stone \ augers, made of shark's teeth;] 'And rasps, composed of the rough skin of a fish, ■ ■ fasteaed on fl«t pieces of wood. The same tooh are all they have for other work<», except shells ..Jwhich serve them for knives. Their cordage iJ -■ made of the fibres of the cocoa-nut husk, which, though not above ten inches long, they plait about *i ' : ^ lit, .'.■■-..,„'«.■:'" 'i,, * ■ 1 .' '* . ■ .■. ■:w j« - ' .■ I -V/V,: W.'- ■(4.'.:i v."\' PACIl^IC OCEAl^d "s-^',: #83" ^■^•' the sike of a .quilI, to whatever lerigtfr is required, and roll it up in balls 5 from which the ropes of a larger size are raade^ by twisting several of those together. Their fishing-lines are as strong and even as our best cord. Thtfir small hooks consist entirely of pearl-shell •, but th^ large ories are only* covered with it on the back ; and the points of both are, in general) of tortoise-shell. With the lartje hooks they catch albicores, and bonnetos, by putting them to a bamboo-rod, about twelve feet •long, with a line of the same length* They have also numbers of small seines, some of which are of the most delicate texture*''^^'^-^'^'^--3^' ^■*v^|^ir Their musical reeds or pipes, which resemble the xyriti% of the ancients, haVe eight or ten pieces pliced parallel to each other, most of which are! of unequal lengths. Their flutes are made 6f a joint of bamboo, about eighteen inches long, and are closed at both ends, having a hole near each i^nd, and four others ; two of which, and only one of the first, are used by them in playing. They close the left nostril with the thumb of the left hand, and blow into the hole at one end with the other nostril. The fore-finget of the right hand is ap- plied to the lowest hole on the right, and the mid* die finger c^ the left to the first hole on that side* In this 'manner, with only three: notes, they pro- duce a pleasing, tho^ simple music. Their naffa^ or drum, has been already described, ; ^ , Their warlike weapons are clubs, eunousl)? or- namented, spears, and dartSt They also make bows and arrows \ but these are intended for amusemem, such as shooting at birds, and not for the purposri of war* Their stools, or rather pillows, arc abouff .\.. .'._■<■..,. . I V fv-1 /*i»- Vi'. *.; ■ii>. J* Xr 2^4 ^ A VOYAGE TO THE ' »^ I 'f .-f^ Hm :r tWb feet long, but only fout or five inches iii lieiglit, ai^tl near four in breadth, inclining downwards to- Vyids the middle y with four strong legs and cir- cular ft^t y 'ihc whole composed of brown or black wood, neatly polished, and sometinies inlaid with ivory; Xhey likewise inlay with ivory the handles of fly flaps 5 and, with 'a shark's tooth, shape bones into figure^ of mt^n, birds, &.r. vj*^^^fev«!S^iai?sl^< 'l*^ Their vegetable diet principally consists of plan- tains, coco ri-nujsr, breadfruit, and yams. Their chief articles of aninrial food arc hogs, fish, und fowls ^ but the common people frequently efit rats. Their hogs, fowls, and turtle, howcvetj seem to be onlj^ Occasional dainties, reserved for persons cfl 'ra'rtK; Their food is, in general, dressed by baking as at OtahcJte J and they make, from different sorts of fruit, several dishes, which are very good. They sometimes boil thejr fish in the green leaves of the plantain-tree, Which serve aSsa bag to hold both fish and water : having tied them up, they wrap them again in three or four other leaves, and place them upon stones heated for the purpose : when they are I suflficiently done, thev not only eat the fish, but[ clrink the liqjuoror soup. They are not- very clean- ly either in their cookery, or their manner of eating, | Their ii«^u;il drink at their mea-ls is water, or cocoa- nut milk the /^«2'y« being only their morning beve- rage; The food that is served up to the chiefs is generally laid uoon plantain-leaves. The king, at I his me^ls, was commbi^ly attended upon by three or four of the natives one of whom cut large pieces of the fish, or of the joint, another afterwards divided Ht imo t^iouthfuls, and the rest stood by with cDCoa-| ^uts, aild whatever else he might happen to want. ":-ii .<«;» .*^«' ■■'iTV^'l ««plp" Their private diversions chiefly consist of dancing, singing, and music. When two or three womett snap their fingers, and sing in concert, it is called oqbai ; but when there are more, they form several parties, each of which sings in a different key, which constitutes an agreeable melody, and is termed heeva or haiva. The songs are generally accompanied with the music of theii: flutes. The dances both of ihe men and women are performed with an east and grace w^hich arc difficult to be described, , ,i .v " We could not determine with precision, whether their marriages were tendered durable by' any kind of solemn contract : it is certain, however, that th.c major part of the people contented themselves with one wffe. The chiefs, indeed, commonly have stjve- ral women, though there was only one who (as we thought) was considered .in the light of mistrfss of the family*,; /fljough female chastity seemed to be ■'V' /':.^.^:. , y , \-,A-^ ..A ■■ :%■ ■-'- wmmmm »i- "!->- 286 A Voyage to the 'y:*'i >;*^"- ^Y: ■■•> hfld in little estimation, not a single breach of con- jugal fidelity happened, to our knowledge, during our whole continuance at these islands j nor were the unmarried women of rank more liberal of their favours. But there were great numbers of -a very di{F'*reiit character. Te concern shown bv these islanders for tbe dend is a strong proof of their humanity, Besides the foog'ef which we have mentioned before, arid burnt circles and scars, they strike a shark's tooth into their heads till the blood flows considerably, bePt theft teeth with stones, and thrust spears not only throuijh their cheeks into their mouths, but also into the inner part of their thighs, and into their sides The more painful operations, however, ate bi^ly practised when they mourn the death of | tha^e who were most nearly connected with them. When one of them dies, he is wrapped up in mats I and cloth, and then interred. The Jtatdokds scem\ to be appropriated t6 the cliiefs and other persons | of disrihction,- as their burial places •, but the infe- rior pe^bple have no particular spot set apart fori their interment. It is uncertain what part- of the| moi^'^nin g ceremony follo^AS immediately afterw'ardsjj but there i? something besides the general one wh'^ch is continued for a considerable time, the fu-| neral of Mareewagee's wife being attended with ce- temonies of five days duration. They seem to con- sider death as a ureat evil, to avert which they prac- tise a ve y slnjtJiilar custom. When captain Cook,! during Kts second voyage first visited these islands, he observed that m^ny of the natives had one or both of thfir litrle fingers cut off; of the reason of which mutilation he could not then obtain 9 satis- [ :Jd?:,;^V ;»., ..)' ■4 PACIFIC OCEAN. a87 ..■^;': i ■ ■ * factory account. But he was now informed, that they perform this operation wheti they are dfllicted with some dangerous disorder^ which they imagine ~ may bring them to the grave. T]hey suppose, that the little finger will be accepted of by thi Deity, as a kind of propitiatory sacrifice sufficiently efRca* I cious to procure their recovery. In cutting it off, they make use of .a stone hatchet. There was scarce- ly one person in ten who was not thus n^utilated ^ and they sometimes cut so close, as to encroach up* on that bone of the hand which joins the amputat- ed finger. It is also common for the lower class? of people to cut off a joint of their little finger, on' account of the sickness of the chiefs to whpm 4hey respectively belong* , " .- .1^^^^:.^. ,: When the rigid strictness with which they per- Iform their mourning and religious ceremonies is con- sidered, it miglit be expected, that they endeavour- ed thereby to secure to themselves eternal happiness j I but their principal object regards things merely; '^' temporal J for they have apparently little coi cep-7 tioa of future punishment for sins cornmittcd in the present life. They believe, hdwever, thtt they meet with just puuishment upon earth j and there- fore put every method in practice to render their Idivlnities propitious* They admit a plurality of [deities, all of them inferior to Kallnfootnnga ^ who Ithey say is a female, and the supreme author of Iraost things, residing in the heavens and directing the wind, rairi and thunder, &.c. They are ot opi- ^)ion, that when she is itiuch displeased with them,, the prpductions of the earth art blasted, many thiitgs consumed by lightening, and themselves atBivted •ith sickness and de^th j but that when her anger ■ -..- mfm.^m^^-'-'- f^. ^p^^^^^^ 488 :«^f- . A' VOYAGE TO THE ,>■".:• ,»fi' ,'«^ fii'A, \, >:•>. ■Jt.S dbates^ tvttf thirig is irmncdiatcly restored to if^ former state. Among their subordinHte deities, they mention Futnfaih&y or Tootafooay who has the SK* ministration of the sea, and its productions ^ 7bo. foQa-boo/ootoo^ god of the clouds and io^^'yTaJiete- ;|;t boOf MaUahOy TareeavOy and others. The same T system of religion docs not extend all over the Friendly Islands J the supreme deity of Hapaee, for instance, being called jiio ALo, They entertain very absurd opinions^relative to the power and v^- .irious attributes of these beings, who, they slippose, have no farther concern .with them after ^ death; They have, hovvcver, juster sentiments i5c<;pectin;j the immortality and immateriality of the soul; which they call life, the living principle, or an OtooaX that is a divinity. They ihiagine, that immediate- ly after death the souls of their chiefs arc separat- cd from their bodies, and go to a. delightful region caHed Baoiootoo\ the god of which i% Q^Wtd GooiehoA By this Gbd/tfy^a they probably personify death* His country, according to their mythology, is the gerie'l ral repoMiory of the dead ; and those who are oncel Conveyed thither, are no.more subject to death, but] •feast on 411 the favourite productions of their native! soil, with which this blissful abode is plentifully! furnished. As for the souls of people of an inferior class, they are supposed by them to suffer a kind oi transmigration J or are etiten up (they say) by bird called /otf^/i, which walks upon the graves witi that intent. They do not worship any visible part of the cr ation, or any thing made by their <" ^ PACIFIC OCEAN. A 289 there seems to be no reason to doubt bfthdr o0ct. ing up b«man sacrifices. Thmjktociai or mordu are, in general^ burying-grounds |ind pistes of #pr* ship : some of tbem, however, appcfred to be ap* propriatc^ onl^ to the fontter purpose} biit cl^se were smalli and greatly inferior to the ren. We are very Intle acquainted with their form of |oiremment. A subordination^ resembling the &udal system of our suMsestprs in £iirope» is esta- btished among thenol y but of its subdivtkionsi and the ponstituehts parts^ we are ignorant. Though some of them informed us that the kingV power Is unbounded^ and that he has the absolute dbposil of the lives and properties of his subjects y yet the few circumftances that offered themselves to our db« servation contradicted rather than confirmed , the idf a of despotic sway. Mareewageie, Feenou> and old Toobou, acted ieach the pai^ of a petty soye- reign, and not tinfrequently counteracted the met- i}res of the liing. Nor was his court superior lii ifplendour to those of old Toobou and Mareewagej^i who, neict to )iis Majesty, were the most pi^tit chiefs in these islandis | and, next tft||r themy Fee- nou appeared to staiid highest in |^ni^ and aj^hori- ty. But, howeyer independenlt of the l^ing the principal men may be, ^e i^lipri^r j^o|^e ari to- tally subject to the wfll qf tl^eticrhfe& tq ^prlMim they severally belong. ; ^ ;' The islaii4 of T^tigat^l^ is (ftfided into nu- merous districts, eac;ii of which hat its peculiar cHief| - 1 1^0 distributees justici^i a^^ dectdea disputes, with- iii his own terptoary. Most <^ tliM ohiciftains have |e^t^% pthcjr islands, whence they procure .sup- ' I lies. The king; at stated times, iecei?ei the jf^or VOL. If B b ' Q.90 A VOXAGE TO THE duct 6i'\m di^nt, domains at Tongataboo, which u Doton]^ the usi^al place of his residenccj^ but the abode qf most jpersQiui of dktlnctioYi among these islands.. Itsihbabitants frequently call it the Land of Chiefs, and stigmatize the subordinate isles with the appeliationsoJELanicIs of Servants. The chiefs arc stylsdiby the people lords of the ^ earthy and also of the Sfin ai>d sky. The royal fa- Q^ily assiiiide the name of Futafaihe, from the god dis^tii sniped by that appellation, who is probably qCHA^igered by them as their tutelary patron* \ The k4ngV4>e(;&liar title is simply Tgoee Tonga. ^ The order a^ decorum observed in his piesen'ce, and Ukewi^e in that of the other chiefs, are truly ad- miral^le. Whenever he sits down, *all the atten- dants sei^ themselves before him, forming a semi- circle, and leaving a.$u0icient space petween them iiad-him, ii>to which ^opnp, unless he lias particu- 1^^ business, X presumes to come. Nor is any one fi^ered.^o sit, .or pass behind him, or even near him, witiiput hi&jf etfoission. When a person wishes to.^peak to,his.jnaje^ty> he cpmes forward, and hav- ifigieated himself beibre him, delivers in a few mpv^ IP^rhathe has to say •, then, s^ttfr being favcur- ci with an answer from bis *s^t, unless he is to re- ceive an order ; in whicn^ case be rises from his /- plac^, and seat? hiipself . cro35ikgged/ * before his majesty. To speak to the king standing would g^bere be conside^das^ glaring tnavk of rudeness. None of -thfe;;||9?t:c^7iBz)&d i^ations have eyf r ei;- •-5s • It ms^ybc. w*9perfto;menti©n here, orts the authority of ca^^in Kingi tna^ this p^^ is peciiUar to the men.; for the leniajes alwi^tk with ' both their- legs* throwit a litde 9a^^$^$i4si» ''\'''r-y^ dm: w^ PACIFIC OCKAN. 291 ceeded tli^se islanders in the gtcat order and tcgu- larity maintained on every occasioh, in ready and submissive compliance with tbe commands of their chiefs, arid in the perfect hatmbnytHiit scjbsisti among all ranks. Such a behaviour martilests it«^ . self in «a remarkable manner whenever theii'^cWeft ^ harangue a body of them assembled together, whJcB frcqtientiy happens. The greatest attehtion 'and most profound silence are bbserved during thei w ' rangue 5 and whatever niight have been tft)Ei piiJr-* port of the oration, we heVcr Saw i' single in^t^nc^, when a'ny one of those who were * pri^Ifehlf Showed signs dfhiW being diisTplea^edj, or seemed Fi^f thi l^^t inclined to dispute the declared Will ai tSie s^'tak- • cr.' - /■ ■ ' ' \ ' ^/^ It h a peculiar privilege antiexcd' tO" the* ^.efso^ of the king, tiotto be ptmc^tured, nbr^ circufici^iH; or rather enpcrcised, as all his subjects iwei* ' Whew- eycr he walks^'but, all who Itii^t hirid must sit ddWcf till he has passed. No person:, i^ suffered tt5 ht ovtij his head 5 but, on the contrary, all mtt^st csonye iilfi * der his feet. Th^ method of doirighotna^e to Hin^ and the other chiefs, is as- follows r^th^ person iVJBd ii to piay obeisance tqu^t^ down before the greit j^crsottage, a'nd bows the heatf dowti id the sole of j his foot, which he taps or tbUcher with :,tbe tindei^ and Upper side of the fingers of each fia'ndj t^ent rising upi he retires. We liad reason tb thtiik^ that his majesty cahriot refuse any one ^vSo is 'de- sirous of paying him this homage, which Is call- led by the natives moe moea; for the people kould frequently think proper to shOV7 him those liQarks of submissioii when he was walking; ahd W |was on those occasions obliged to stop^ an'd hold \y^ : -' " • Bb'a- ■ '"■•-■ ^-^'■■"'■ ■■'■■■ ^;f- m 1 J" I ■■N'^WW^W mmmmmmmm mm 202 A VOYAGE TO THE P'^ one oJP his feet behitid hiih, till they haci perfdrmed this respectful ceremony. rhis,itQ so corpulent and unwieldy a >nan as Poulaho, must have been painful and troublesome j; and we have sometimes seen him endeavour, by runmng, to get out of the way, or to reach a convenient place for sitting down. The hands, after having been thus applied, become, in some cases, useless for a little time ; for, till they are washed, they must not touch food of liny sort. .This prohibition, in a country where water is far from being plentiful, would bt^ttend- ed with inconvenience, if a piece of any juicy ^plant, which they can immediately procure, being rubbed over the hands^ did not serve for the purpose of purltipatioif. When the hand's are in this situation, they term it faboo. rema ; the former word generally ^Rnifytng forbidden, and the latter implying hand, when, tne Vtfi^ is Incurred, by doing homage to n person of ranky it may thus easily be washed off: but, in several other cases, it must continue for a certain period. "VVe have often seen women, who )iave been Uihoo rema^ not fed by themselves, but ■ by others* The interdicted person, after the limi-j ted time has elapsed, washes herself in one of their baths, which are, in general dirty ponds of brackish] water* She then %vaits upon the sovereign, and J after having paid the customary obeisance, takes hold of his footi. which she applies to her shouldersJ breast, and other parts : he then embraces her oiij both shoulders^ and she immediately retires, purl- fed from her uncleanness. If it be always neces« sary to have recourse to his majesty for this purpose! (or which we are not certain, though Omai assured US, it was,) it may be one reason for bis travellingj very feequently from one island to another. 'f^^WP "pnpwpplip^pppppi mm tActPtc ticiua^; #3 The Jvoti taboo lias" a gflii |lfitu^r itf ^^pii^ tion. They call human sacrifices iahj^^ iaffpo; and when any particular thilfg is pVotiibrt'^ fo be eat^ii, or; madd use of, tHey ^K^U^iML^Jtli^ infbrined us, tliat^ if Adiung itould/go in& belonging to one o^fhis suhjects^ thaf'hoiisc wourii" til's luajcaiy travels, Lficrc are nouscs pecuiiarjiy as- signed fot his acdomodation. At tffis^ Tobbou presided over; the /^ioo) tiiat'is fif Umai' did not njisuiiderstatid those jwho. gave, him t^e in- telligence,) he &nd hisi xleputies'ha^i^'he^nspea ' of all th6 produce of the islari^^. taking dire th^^^ each individual should cultiyate and plant hi$'rf the ypke dT subjection mig^it be ivpprcheridedl feut ' t|iey iii-* formed it^, that this circumstance^ 'never Jiapperji^i, One reason of their notBeErig thus embroiled indo- mestic commotions may be thii j that all t^ieir pniir cipal chiefs take up their residence at TongataboQ. They, also secure tlie dependence of the othc^r isles,, by the decisive celerity of their opcr^trons ', for i^ a seditious and popular man should stirt upinjiny (»f thfefti, Je^nou, or whoever happens to holjl^s eiRce,fs ifftmcdJately iispatched thitBcr to put him Bb'3 ^94 A VOYAGE TO THE to deaths by wbicli means they extingubh znhh- surrectipnivbile it ii yel in embtyq^ The different classes of their chiefs seemed to be nearly as niinierotts as among us y but there are few, comparatively speaking, that are lords of extensive districts of territory. It is said, that when a per- son of property dieS) all his possessions devolve on 1:he sovereign; but that it is customary to give thefli to tl)e eldest son of the deceased, with this condition annexed, that he should provide out of' the estate for the other children. The croijyn is hereditary I and we know, from a particulal; cir- cumstance, that the Futafaihes^ of which family is f^oi^ho^ liave reigned in a direct line, for the s^te Qlf at least one hundred and thirty-five years, ivhiicb have elapsed between our present visit to tkeise idiahds, and Taxman's discovery of them. 0|k)ii o^r inquiting of th^m, whether any tradi- tional accountiof rhe arrival of Tasma 's ships had betfn pYtserved among them till this time^ we found that this history had oeen delivered down to i^hem from their ancestors with great accuracy : for they said that his two ships resembled ours, and also i^ientloned the place where they had lain at anchor, their having continued but a few days, and their quitting that station to go to Annamooka ) and, for the purpose of informing us how loiig ago this affair bad happened, they commtinTcated to us the name of the Futafaihe Who reigned at that time^ and those who had succeeded him in the sovereign- tffdovini to Poulaho, who is the fifth monarch simc*^ that period. l^jnight naturally be imagined, ihat the present sovereign* of the Friendly Isles had the highest PACIFIC OCEAN. 295 rank of any person in his dominions. But we found it to be otherwise ^ for Latoolibooloo, who has been already men^oned, and three women ^ are superior^ iii spme respects, to Poulaho himself. These great personages are distipguithed by the title of ^ Tamtnaba^ which implies a chief. When we made inquiry concerning theia, we were in- formed that the late king, father of Poulaho, left behind him a sister of equal rank» and ol^tr than himself; that she, by a native of Feejee, had a son and two daughters \ and that thcjse three. per- sons, as well as their mother, are of higher rank than the king. We endeavoured to discover the reason of this pre-eminence of the Tammahiis^ but without effect. The mother, and one of her daugh- ters, named Tooeela*kaipa« reside at Vavaoo. The other daughter, called Mongoula-kaipa, and La* toolibooloo the son^ dwell at Tongataboo. Mem- goula-kaipa^is the lady who has been mentioned as having dined with captain Cook on the 2ist of June. Latoolibooloo was supposed by his country- men to be disordered in his senses. At £o6a, or Middleburg, they showed us a considerable quan- tity of land, which was said to be, his property ^ and we ssitv there a son of his, a child, who was honoured with the same title that his father en- joyed. ;/ , . ^ The language of these i&lands bear a striking re- semblance to that of New-Zealand, of Oiabeite, and the Society Isles. The pronunciation of these people diiTers^ indeed, in many instances, from that both of Otahcite and New- Zealand > but, notwith- standing that, a great number of words are either very little changed, or exactly the same. The lan- i 19^ A VOYAGE, &C. g'aag^, as spoken by the Yfitridly Inlanders, Ts suf- fictentf^ copious to cxptess al! their ideas 5 and, bc- >$j that aire situate within either of the ttbpicS. At Annanidoka the tide rises and fills aboAt sj^ feet, upon a perpendicular. At Tohgatiboo, It rises and falls four feet and three liiiarters, on tlie full and change days j and tl^rec feet and a half at the quadratures. , " ^>*v" J^" V O Y A G E TO THE ;.^ PACIFIC OCEAN. V *-■.■.-■■■ ■«-' BOOK. III. CONTENTS. Island of Toobouai discorered^^ Arrival at Otaheite— Omai^s receptton-^Otaheite visited by the Spaniards— 'Their at- tmpts to depreciate the character of the English— Intfcr- . view with Waheiadpoa, the chief of Tiaraboo— Omai's imprudent conducts-Poultry and cattle left on the laUnd — Captain Cook admitted into a council of the. chiefs-- Reflections on a human sacrifice— 'Heevas described— -Girls dressed to bring a present— Manner of preserving theboi dy of a dead chief-— Riding on horseback— Mock Hght between two war canoes— Manner of conducting a war —A curious medical operation— Otoo's art — Omai's war canoe-^Naval power, &c. . WE bad now taken our final leave of the Friendly islands. On the 1 7th of July, at eight o^cIock in the evening, £ooa bore north- cast by north, distant 3 or 4 leagues. The wind blew a fresh gale at «ast. We stood to the south, till after six oMock the next morning, when, from 298 A VOYAGE TO THE the same direction, a sudden squall took par ship aback J and before wc could trim, tlie ships on the other tack^ the main-sail and the top-gallant sails were considerably torn. On the 19th and 2bth the wind kept between the southwest, and southeast jtheri it veered to the east, northeast, and north. W« stretched tp the east-sovithfJast^ without meet- ing v^itlj any thirt^ i^markabk, tili the 20th, at sevc|l o'clock in ihe evening, when we had a very heavy sqiiall of windfjOT^ the north. We w^re, at this time, under single-reefed top-sails, courses, and ttay-sailsr Two of the latter \yere almost demolish-, ed by the wind j and tt'wa^. With the utmost difficul. ty that we saved the other sails. This squall being oirer, we saw several lights i6"oving on board the IMscpvery J wl^ence we conjectured that something fiid g|v€tt #^7 $ diid, tlie next morning, ^^e J)er- cciyed that fi^r mainrtop^-mast had been lost.! Both wind' and Weatfher remained very unsettled till noon, Whfenf tb6 latter Clfearied^ apv ahd the former settled iW the Northwest quiahtit. 'Gui* lamtide \V'is now 25^ g/ sQpijij^ r(nji our t9ngrtij,de was^ i^3'^ j^j^ eaj^t. We saw some pintado birds, which were the first we had seen, sinte we left the .land* ^ - Aific^, oh the 31st, captaiYi Gierke made a sig- nal to speak with captain Cook 5 and afterwards informed him, that the head of the main-mast' had s'pnin'g,^ and in sucli a manner as to rendei* tlVe rig- girtg of Another top-fnast extremely dangerous j that he must therefore rig something lighter in its ^la'ce. He further inffwmed him, iaat he had lost bis afiSiri-top-galknt-yard j arid bad not another on fioaM, tibt a sp'ar to make one. Captsiirt Cook sent ^IfT'li^p fAfiifJiC mmif. 299 tim the Resolution's 8prit-8aiIrtotp-s?»il-y^Td) wibich supplied this want for xhp present. The ^ext day, by getUrig up a jjary-top-tnast, on which he seta mizen-top-sail, he was cpah).9icl to kef p lyay with the Resolution. ,■, ;, .[^ i -^ We^tcared cast-nOrinca^t, and nprtheast,^ with- out meeting wjth ai^y rcm^^kable occurrence till the morning of the 8tn ©^ 4^ugust, atjelevcn o'clo.ek, when land was oj>|ei;yed be.^;ring north-riorth^st, about nine or ten leagues 'distant. At jfiriSti^ ap- peared like so many separate islancls j hut, a$ we approached,^, we fqund it w^s all copu.ected, ^iid formed one aad the same isialid. We steere4 di- rectly for it with, a fine gale^ and, at half ^pa^t^ix in the afternoon, it extended from north by east, to ftorth- northeast, distant three o,r fov^r leagues. At day brea^jc » the; next morning, we steered for the northwest side o/v the island, ajr»4 ^* ^c $topd round its southwest pajt^ we s^w i|: guarded by at reef of coral rock, extcuding, in §om^ places, at [least, a mile from the land, ^^d a High J^urf br^akipg upon it. .As we drew near, \ye sa^w p^pie \^alM% jor, rv^U^ii;ig ^long s|iQfje| on^^ye^^^ pjsrts of tl^e coast> a§d» in a short time after, wbe:^ we had reachi- kd x}}Q lee side of tfee island,; we saw twp canocf launched, in which w£^e.about^.a^.dftZfeti of iuen,, [tvho paddled towards usv -" ^ ^ . /^^ ^ In order to give these canoes time to come up- iwfithus, as wellasto soi^nd fpr anchor^c, we shorten- ed sail, and at the distance of half a mile irom thct irecfvvve found fr^mforty to thirty rfivp tatlwcjsw [The canoes, a^ter having advanced, withi|i justcU pot of the* ships, suddenly stopped* Omai , was lesired, as was usual on such occasioAS, to endeai<» 3 *i^i*V«MiP«*M«PP*MiPi mmm 300 A VOYAGE TO THE ) r vmt to prevail upon the men in tbcm to come near* er J oat no arguments could indtkce them to trust themselves within our reach. They often poirlted eagerly to the shore with their paddles, at the same dme calling to us tp go thither j and many of their people who were standing upon the beach, held up something white in their liands, which we constru- ed as ai^ invitation for us to come to land. We could ea^ly have accomplished this,] there be« ing :good anchorage without the reef, andian open- ing in tit, through which the canoes had passed, which had no surf upon it. But the captain did not choose to risk the advantage of a fair wind, in ord^r to examine an island that appeared to be but of little consequence. We required no refresh- ments, if we hsd been Certain of meeting with them there, and therefore^ after making several unsuccess- ful attempts to prevail upon these people to come near us^ we made sail to the north, and left themj having first learned that the name of their island was Tbobouai. It is situate in the latitude of 23^ *5fr5' south 5 and in 210^ 37/ east longitude. . > ^ ^The grd^est extent of this island, in any direc- tionV is not above five or six miles. SmaU, how-j ever, as it app^ars^, there are hills in it of a consi- derable elevation ; at the foot of which is a narrow border of flat Una, extending almost all round it, bordered with a white sand-beach. The hills were] covered with t|i^rbage, except a few rocky cliffsJ with patches of trees interspersed to their sutpmits.] This island, as xfft were informed by the men in th( catroes, is plentifully stocked with^hbgs ar4fpwh| ioid produces ^e several kinds of i^ruits and root PACIFIC OCEAN, 301 that are to be met with at the other islands in this neig[hbourb(Ood. ;, * .^v From the conversation we had nah those who came off to us, wc discovered that the inhabitants of Tpobouai Speak the Otaheite language : an indubi- table proof that they are of the same nation. Those whom we saw in the canoes were a stout copper- coloured people 5 ;wme wearing t^eir hair (which was straight and black) flowing about the shoul- ders^ and others having it' tied in a bunch on the crown of the head. Their faces were roundish and full, but the features flat ^ and their couiitenaiices expressed a degree of natural ferocity. Their co- vering was a piece of harrow stuff wrapped round the Avai^, and passing between the thighs ^ but sonpie of those whom wc beheld upon the beach were completely elothe4 in white. Some of our vi^ Mtors -in the canoes, ^ad their neckt ornamented mh pearl stidls^a|idonf of them ^(mtinucdl^^ ing 1^ large conch-^ey;i iM> which a reed of about two feet long t«tsfacd,5 he began in a long tone, without any variation 5 and afterwards converted it mto a kind of musical instrument. Whether the feloiving of the conch portended any thing, we can- not say, but we never found it the messepger 6f Fhe length of tlieir cargoes appeared to be about thirty feet J, and they rose about two feet above the mfaceof the water, as they flcmtcd* The forc^ I part projected a little 5 the aft^r-pan ro§|: to the Iteigbtiof two or three feet, with a gradual ctirve, aad,' like* the, upper part of the sides, was carved jail over. The rest of the sides were ornamented l^ith flat whit©- shells curiously disposed, '^ere , ' ^ '- » ' "^ c c ■ :^' ■■'."■ II A VOYAGE TO .THE ^erc eight men in one of the c9noe?,^nd seven in tlie other. They were conducted with small paddles, whose blades weie almost circular : and they some- times paddled with the two qppp^l^e sides. so close together, that they appeared to be bj|t one boat j tjie rowers occasionally turning t)ieir faces to the stern, and pulling that way, lyi^hQut pad;l)5ng the capoes round* Seeing we were det^rminedfto leave tbern, they stood up and repeated sojpething aloud j h^p lye knew not whether they lycre e^tpressing their enmity or friendship. , J^t is certain, bp^^ever, that th^y had not an^ weapons wit»i thepar 5 nor coul^ we with our glasses discpyer that those on 3boi:fc were ^rmed. ' „ L^iriiig the island, lye steered to th^ north with ^ fre^h gale, and at da|- br^j^k pn the i ath^ we per- ceiyed tne island of Mjiit^a, Qtaheite appeareji $oipnf ^cr J the poiht,^ '^eitepeha Bay bearing we^t^jibout four leagues distant. We «twecl for tKiVbigr> -intending to anchor there, in prder to pi the b^yr the wind suddenly died aWay, About two hours after we had sudden squalls witl;i rain from the cast. About nine o'clock Wft w^icc p^iged to $:^nd p^i 2^v,d s} end the nigbtl ■at.§eaiK ...■■v»'^'.~v ■-;,■- - ,^ ■ ^v- .■;■-•., ^ ^. I ,>?iV'^ien ^f ^?g^e HiQ^ tb§ ^landj Several canpesj cipcic off t^ line ^hip, eaph condupted by two or 1 three jpocn, But, as they were Cjimmon jPfjilows, C)[^}^i took nc^partjcular notice of tl|cm, hpr ^heyj "'Jjlin. ^ sTHjjcy di4^i^ ft^n «^jep ^^jjit^rc^ivc^hj^ :?ACIFIC OCEAN. 301 )it was' one of tlicii" cbtjntrymeh, aliho' tlicy con» vciitd with biiri for some time; At length a chiclP, whom I had knO^n before, named Ootee^ and Ottiai's brother- Jh-lawj, who chanced to be now* at' this corner of thtislafi'd, and three or foil r niorc persons,' all of whom knew Omai before he em- bafked with captain Furncaux, came on board. Yet tbere vvas nothing either tender or striking in their iheeting. Qn the contrary, the're >eemtd t^ be a perfect indilTlrence oh both sides, till Ofhai, Ijaving taken bis brother down into the cabin, ope?iied"the drawer wiierc .he kept: his fed feathers, and gtfve Kim a few. This being presently J^no'wn dniqhgsV the rest of the n;iti yes "upon deck, the face of af- kIis was entirely turned, and Ootee, who would' Hardly speak to Omai' before, now begged that tney miglit be /iijpx (friends) and cxchang6 nafrics, Umai -accepted tlie Honour, [and connrracd it Tv|th' a j)resent of red feathers j and Ootee, by way d£^ ^tlifh. 'sent aishore fdr a hog. But k was evident' fb every one of us, that it was nol the man, but lis property they were in love with. Had he not ^^orwn to thcrn his treasure of red feathers, which, iif the comTnocfjt'y in grea!test estimation Et the island', 1 question much whether they would have bestoived even a cocoa-nut upon him. Such was Omars first reception among his countrymen. I own, I never expettea it would be other vvise ;,but still r was in "hopes, til at the valuable cargo of pre- ^(jnts, with whicli the liberality of his friends in tno[tanH had' loaded him, would be the means of raising hlru intf o consequence, and of makin^^ .?! jni/ respe&d, and eyen courted, by the^rst ^ersoi^s '' " hout the eVt'ent of the Soaety Islands^ c c 2 ■wp 3^4 A VOYAGE TO THE This bould not but have happened, had he con- ducted him^wOf with any degree of prudence. But, instead of it, I am sorry to say,* that he paid too Uttle ;regard to the repeated advice of those who wished, him well, and suflfered himself to be duped by every designing knave. The important news of red feathers being on board our ships, having been conveyed on shore by Omai^s friends, dr.y had no sooner ^egun to break ne^^t mornings than we were surrounded by a mul- titude of canoes, crowded with people bringing hogs and fruit to market. At first, a quantity of feathers, not gVeater than what n^ht be got from a tom-titf woi^d purchase a hog of forty or fifty pounds weight, fiut, as almost every body in thp shipff wds possessed of some of this precious article of trid'e, It fell in its value above six hundred pet tf:*^/!/. before night. However, even then, the ba- lance was much in our favour ; and red feathers continued to preserve their superiority over every other commodity. Some of the natives would hot parr with a hog, unless they received an axe in ex*- chL ige J but nails, beads, and other trinkets, which, during our former voyage, had so great a run at this island, were now zo much despised, that few woulduieign to look at them. In the morning of the 13th, captain Cook came to anchor in a bay called Oheitepeha. Soon after, Omai^s sister came on board to see him ; and th^ captain was happy to observe, that, much to the ho-| nour of each, their meetiug was marked with ex- pressipiis of tl^e most tender affecSon. After this J niiovitig scefie, Omai and the captmn tvent ashore. Here the attention of the former was soon drawn to' an was ah tifully the old order t wccted found' C it was ^ accomp ii seem: nisli ihj ha Bay, left som shore, ho use,, a aivay fc the sam Jslanclcr: tsr ': TjLit ief:| materiall have bej sioiT^Uy divided one werl hats, a J to be v( ^\^ sui ing bee| round, were ali $hou] \l *icirtc bCEAN'. P5- to an olil jroman, i)ie sister of his moifier, i $^* was already at his fcet--and had bedewed' thcm'plen''^ erected by the Spaiiiards. WKen he returned, lie found Omai holding forth iojL large company | and it was with some difficulty he could be ^ot away to accompany the captafj^ on boaid. Captain Cook, it sceiiij, had found froAi^thc natives^ tlrat two Spa- nish ships from Linria^ bad twice pdt into Qheitepen ha Bay, since his last visit in I774« Tl^ey tad left some hogs, dogs,,.gpats, a bull, iand a ram on[ shore. The first 'ti^e they came they built a^ house,. arid left four men ^ behind them, carrying away four of the riatiyes. In about' ten 'niontBs the same^ships returnedi bringing; back two, of the klanders, the other two having. died at Lima; At tar a short stay they took aWay their owii people,^ iDut left the house standing. This was situate at' a'smull; distance frpm tnc beach. The wooden materiars of w^hich . it was composed, seefned to have be(=rr brou^^lit, ready prepared, to set up oc'da- sion^Uy j for all the planks were numbered. It was divided into two small rooms j and, in the inner one were a bench, a table, a bedstead, some old hats, and other trifles, -of which the native^ seemed to be very carefiaf, as also of the house itself, which had suffered no hurt from the weather, a shed hav- ing been built ,x:)ver it. There were scuttles ^^1 round, which served a^ ait-holes y and perhaps they were also meant to fire from with musquet$, if ever it should be .fopnd necessary. At SQme distance '. *■ ' _ ■ - ' ■ ' . CC3 ! \\ mmmmm 306 A' VOYAGE TO TH5 if -•■v Stood a wooden cross, on the transverse part of which #fis cut CHRlSlfUS ViNCIT. y ' Aiid on the perpeneep it on board till an op- portunity should offer of presenting it to 0>too-:iyith his own hands. But he had too good an opinion of the honesty and fidelity of his countrymen to? take ^ my advice. Nothing would serve nim but to carry •it ashore on this occasion, and to give it to Waheiar dooa, to be by him forwarded to Ocoo, In order to its being added to the royal maro. He thought by this management that he should oblige both chiefs j whereas he highly disobliged the one, whose fa- vour was ot the most consequence to him, without gaining any reward from the other. What I had foreseen happened j for Waheiadooa kept the m ro himself, and only sent to Otoo a very small piece of feathers j not the twentieth part of what belonged to the magnificent present^ On the 19th, captain Cook received from the young ciJef a present of ter^ or a coz^n of W^jt?, some cloth, and a quantity of fruit, ^.i the e/wj* 'm Ati of ^ thing people >d^Ung Jqngth ants to firmH)g namfis, nds ac- •e QOi the If /here li^.. I produce 1 an op- too with )iBion of to; take i to c^trry W^aheiar order to (ugbt by [1 chiefs J hose fa- without it I had the m P PACIFIC OCEAN. 309 jry small of what from the of ):^my ;hc C7c.i' ing, we exhibited some fire-works, wbicli both pleased »nd astonished the numerous spectators. Some of our gentlemen, in tl^.eir walks, discover- ed, as they thought, a Roman Catholic chapel. They described the altar which they said they had seen, and every other constituent part of such a place of worship. They nicntioned, however, that two persqns, who had the care of it, would not permit them to go in j on which account the captain imagined they were mistaken, and had the curiosi- ty to pay a visit to it himself* The supposed cha- pel happened to be a toopapaoo^ in which the body f= -ifi late Waheiadooa lay in 7 kind of state. JU wis in a pretty large house, inclosed with a low paussde. The toopapaoo was remarkably neat, and rejeitibled one of those little awnings over their large canoes. It was hung and covered with cloths and mats of a variety of colours, which had a beaUf tifdl ^effect. One piece of scarlet broad cloth of tbe length of four or five yards, appeared conspi- cuoui among the other ornaments \ which had^ pro- bably be m received as a present from the Spaniards. This cl tb^ and some tassels of feathers, suggested to owr -; ^^^l« men the idea of a chapel \ and their itnaginatiu r f^tpplied whatever else was wanting to ^rea^e a resemblance : hearing that the Spaniards had visited, this niace, might operate on their minds iipon this occasion, and add to the probat»]ity of its being a chapel. Small offer«rigs of fruits and roots seemed to be daily made at this shrine, some piec :> ^ Joeing now quite fresh. These were depo- sited ^^^ h kind of altar, which stood without the palisades; within which we were not permitted to enter. Two men constantly attended here, both i;'; if IS 1 hi I rStf, -p"»iPW"T!^7r 310 A VOYAGE TO THE mght and day j as well to watcli oyer the placfc, as to dress and undress the ioopapaoo\ When captain Cook weiU to survey it, the cloth and its appen- dages were rolled up \ bfut, at his request, the two attendants placed it in order, biit not till after they had dressed themselves in clean white robes. The fchief, w^ were infprmed, had been dead about twenty months. Having provided a fresh supply of water, and finished all oil vecessary operations, on the 22dwe brought off oui inials from shore,- and made ready for sea. \^..ile tli6 sli^ps were unmdpfihg, Omai and c^piaih Cook landed, ori the morning of the 23d, to take .leave of the young chief. While they were with hirh, one of tho?e persons, whom they call J?^/oe?^j, frbm a persuasion that they pos- sess the ipirttof the divinity, presented himself be- . fore them. He had all the appearances of insanity kfcoiit him,.and feis only covering ivas a quantity of plantain regyes wrapped round his waist. He ut- tef<^ what Ke had ito say in a low, squeaking voice, «o as tatdly to be understood. But Omai saU he perfectly cOrnprenended him, and that he was ad- ' vising Waheiadooa not to accompany captain Cook to Matavai, an expedition which he had i)fever known that he intended, nor had the captain ever made such a proposal to him I The Eaiood also predicted, th^t the ships would not arrive that djly at Matavai. In this, however, he was mistaken j though appearances, at that time, favoured his as- sertion, as there was not a single breath of wind iii any direction. ' While he was delivering his pro- phecy, a h^avy shower of rain came on, which oc- j^asioned all to run for shelter, except himself, who ^'wr^r''^'^im PACIFIC OCEAK. 3" appeared to disregard it. He continued squeaking about half an hour, and then retired. No attipn? tion being paid td what he uttered, though some of the natives laughed at him. Captain Cook asked the chief, whether he was zn Earee or 3. Towtow ? The answer he received was, that he was taata eno^ that is, a bad vfi2tx\* And yet, notwithstanding this, and the jLittl^ no- tice taken of the mad prophet, superstition so far governs the natives, that they abs(>lutely bejieye such persons to be possessed with the spirit of the Ectooa, Omai seemed to be well in'truoted con- cerning them. He said, that during th^e fits wltti which they are seized, they know nobody, and that if any one of them 'is a man of property, h^ wlli then give away every moveable he possesses, If hi« ffiehds do^ hot put them out of his reach 5 and, when he recovers, he seems not to have the Jeast remembrance of what he had done during the time the fit was upon him. /I Soon after the captain got on board, a light breeze springing up at east, we got under sail, and tte Resolution anchored the same evening at Ma- ^v^i Bay 5 but the Discovery did not get in tiU thft next morning j conse5|uently the man's prophe- cy was , half fulfilled. On the 24th of August, captain Cook left tHc Bay of Oheitepeha, and in the evening anchored [in Matavai Bsy, in another part pf the island, I whence he expected his principal supply. Here he and Ornai had an interview on shore u'th Qtoo, the king of the whole island. Omai, says the cap- tain, had prepared himself for this ceremony, by djcssing himself in his veiy best clothes, and be '■•.V V^-:^'}::-': • .#>*■' m j:.i; w^m^ 312 A VOYAGE TO THE liRVed with a great deal of respect and modesty. Nei'ertheless, very little notice wb taken of him. Perhkps envy had some share in producing this cold reception. He made the chief a present of a large piece of red feathers, and about two or three yards of gold cloth y and I gave him a suit of fine linen and a gold-laced hat, . some tools, and, what Was of more value than all the other articles, a quantity df red feathers, and one of the bonnets in use at the Friendly Islands. After the hiirry of this visit was over, the king and the whole royal family accompanied nie on board, followed by several canoes, laden with all kinds of provisions, in quantity sufHcient to have served the Companies of both ships for a week. Each of the family owtied, or pretended to own a part y so that I had a present from every one of them 'f and every one of them had a separate pre- seiiit in return fror»? txie j which was the great ob- ject ill view. Soon after, the king's mother, who had ttot been present at the first interview, came on board bringing with her a quantity of provisions and cloth, which she divided between me and O- Fof, akhotigh he was but little noticed at mai first by his countrymen, they no sooner gained the knowledge of his riches, than they began to Court his friendship. I encouraged this as much as I could 5 for it w^as my whh to fix him with Otoo. As I int^ded to leave all my European animals at this island> I thought he would be able to give some instruction about the managemsnt of them, and about their use. Besides, I K.hew and saw^ that the farther he was frdm his native island, -e would be the better respected. But, untbrtunate-, PACIFIC OCEAN. 313 ly, poor Omai rejected my advice, and conducted himself in so imiKudent a manner, that he soon lost the friendship of Otoo, and of every other person of nptein Otaheice. He associated with none but vagabonds and strangers, 'whose sole views w«re to plunder him. And, if I had not interfered, they would not have left him a single article worth car- rying from the island. This necessarily drew upon him thetU-w^tll of the principal chiefs ^ who found that they could not procure, fiom any one in the ships, such valuable presents as Omai bestowed on the lowest of the people his companions. Captain Cook was next engaged in landing the poultry, with' which he was to stock the island. They consisted of a peatbck and hen, a turkey- cock and hen, a gander ^rtd-^tbree geese, a drake atid four ducks. All these he left at Oparre, in the possession of Otoo ^ and the geese and ducks began to breed before he sailed. At Oparre be (ound a gander, which the natives said was the sime tb^t captain Wallis had given Oberea ten years before ^ several goats \ and the Spanish bull \ which latter could have been of no use, ifcaptaiin^ Cook had not arrived ^ as the Spaniards had left no cows ashore. Probably they died in their passage from Lima. Captain Cook sent three cows to this Ml 'y and the bull whi^h he himself had brought, with the horse and mare, and sheep, he put ashore at Matavai. He likewise plahted a piece of ground [with several articles, very few of which he believed the natives would . ever looK after. Some melons, pbtatoes, and two pine-apple plants, were in a fair piray of succeeding, before he left the place. He [also planted^sevmi shaddock trecsy which he had Dd ■■.'li' y^mmmm^^ 314 A VOYAGE TQ THE hr^ugkt from the Friendly^ .,Iij$Iq4s; These, he thought^ could hardly f#ll oihm^^mi unless thair gro^vth §U0uJd b« i.ui|>€4^ by xhp lanft^ffprenp^ature €|irip»ly which dqslticjycd a vij>jQ .^l^inijed.liy th^ . Spaniardsi at O aeitepeUa. A number of tb^ natjvcs got togeUi^r, liQ ta«te the flrstf frWft *t bpve > ]>M*» «8 the grep«« were still sour, thcfy considered it.af; lit- tle bptfi^r tjiaiji , poi>^, Afl4 it \|VfiS vi^^^iraoi^jf^y , de- tf ri^iiied ^ ^o trciid i* und^er foot. -, Ip tfiat> it^tc Qml foijiud it by chancie,. a«d wa.s,overjoyed. g wjfe-bj^ Ql)ai's? instriiptions, they ^Ay now suffer the ftuili to grow to f]i^rfection, and npt pass "«()„; b?J*ty SI |^j>t€ncei upon it again. As capjtain Cqofe iiitenided to cpntinue hei«.a7Gqnsidiffrable tlpae, w? 8^t up ,p:ur twoti^biief jfitprie^ on IVJ^tji^iai Poini j aj>(}^ *djoiniftgf'to>t}iem,.two tents were pite^ Jt^fr ,pi|>.shor^^ In difer:qpt, d^parttncnt?, The cpn^t9f^5i)4 this statipr^ w^asi Intrusted to Mr King, wi)o also s^ttended tile :9^t^onomical, and Qlh^r pliserV:^.|ij0flS/ WWli^ wp reiiiained herc> the * ci^w?s of bptb ships; vyer^ pcpupi^d ii\ n^any neceiJ- s*iy;0peral;iQ*3t*^. .The Ijiscoyery's maia-in;^?t was -* oai^ed 9^hpi^, and Tnad(e as good as it bad ever l|€en pcf|»5e# Qn sails aqd waterrcasks vvere i;e- palfed.j- bpjch our sliips w^re «3mil^^d,j ai>4 the, rig- gic>g w?^ comj)letcly over-haaUdV lY*! )>l^ewi5« ip^ spiCte^v^t b^ead that vvft li^ <>n.lfi(^i^ io^^ tn4iis#4| rttftt but little of ifw^ iij||j^. • fAOfFlC OCEAK» 315 At Matai^ai cft'p(j:alnCpokTene?vedh:.^ intercourse \>vkK M His' old frit^ds, whose names are recorded in-hh account of his second voyage 5 ard, while tiidrc; (ihe of the natives, whom the Spaniards' had carried whh them to Lifma, paid him a vi^it. Tho* .ht)t to b« distinguished, in appearance, from the restof hii countrymen, he had not foiuot some Spafnisii w6rd«4^ Among them' the" most f/cquent yKttf'i si S^HHoP /'and, when a strati gtr was intro- duced to him, he did not f Ail to rise up aiid^accost him is well as he tCHi^d. We aUo fctotid he.re^ >^ays retain G^ok, the young nlrin "iihota we Cft'lltn 'Ot^idee, but whose re^l h ateie is Hi?iteheerte . 1 h ati ca^ricfd him iroih Ulifetd^ Jt^'*773» ^fi in thai ex-^nsive ni^v^at ion, about si^H^i trfoTffrfe H^ W!a's;-a* leasts as tenaciouff of hll ;g<5od'breei^ing^ asi'»hemfth who had been at Lima^ aviijrd^j-, .5/r,'or1i^ji5k/'j^/^^ ^s frequent- ly rejieateli by hinv a§ ^r ^ennof vi^% by the other, J^Ifeeteheete, whoi^ a native o^Bolabol a, had ar- ^l>?ed in Obhfeite about three mbnths before, \Vith lib 6t4?cr iirtentioW^ 'that' ue' colild learn, than to gratify hi^ Cbrifesity, or, perhaps^ sdrne other fa- ybijik^Jpa'ssion 5 which are very often the olily ob* jects of tlW;' pursuit df 6ther travelling gentlemen. It wiay eyideiit, feiarwevtr; that he preferred ' the thodfes/attd eyen^ g^fb, bi his countrymen ttoTour^, For, tbriu^h I'^a\%Mm . This instance, and that of the person who had beeti at Lima, may be ui'gcd as a proof of the strong propensity natur* al to man, of teturning' to habits acquired at an early age, and only interrupted by accident. And, perhaps, it may be, concluded, that even Omai, who had imbibed almost the whole English manners, will, in a very short time after our leaving him, like Oedidee, and the visitor o£ Lima, return to his own native garments. In the morning of the 27th, a man from Qheite^* pelia Informed us, that two Spanish ships had an- chored In that bay the preceding night j and to con* firm this intelligence, he produced some coarse blue cloth^ which,! he said, he had got out of on^p of the shrps. He further $aid, that Mateema was in one of the ships; and that they would come to Mata- vai in two ot three days. These, and some other circumstances which h^ mentioned^ gave the story $0 iQuch t|;ie appearance of truth, that the commo- dore dispatched lieutenant Williamson in a boat to look into Oheitepeba Bay *, and, in the mean time, both our ships were put m a posture of defence. For, tho' England and Spain were at peace when he left England, he did not know but that a differ- ent scene might by this time have opened. Upon inquiry^ however, we had reason to imagine, thst the relater of the story had imposed upon us ; and this was put beyond all doubt, when Mr Williamson returned the day following, who made his report to captain Cook, that he had been at Oheitepeha, and found that no ships were there at pfesent^ nor had any been there sinqe we left it. The pepple of this part of the island, where we now were stationed, ■ V" »ippiViM^npM PACIFIC OCEAN. 3^7 • told lis, indeed, at first, that it was a fiction invent- ed by those ,pf Tiaraboo. But what view they could have we could not conceive, unless they sup- posed that the report would induce lis to quit the island, "and thus deprive the inhabitants of Ota« hexte-nooe of "the advantages they raigh^ otherwise reap from our ships r,en)aining there 5 the natives of the two parts of the island beingjinveteratie enemies to each other. Since we arrived at Matavai-, the weather had been unsettled tftl the igih j before ii^'hich day we were unable to get equal aHitudcsof the su.h for ascertaining the going of the tiTOe-keep- er. The.caulking^ and otKfer repairs of the ships, .W(p;^e also retarded by tlie same cause. In the even- njng ofthis day^ the islanders made a precipitate retreat, both from our land station and from on ^oard the ships. We conjccttrrcd that this arose from their Icnowing that some theft had been com-^ mitted, ai)d apprehending punishment upon that aipcpunt. . At length we became acquainted with the whole affair. One of the surgeon's mates had ninde an excursion into the country to puichase curiosities, ^nd had taken with' him four hatcnet^ for the purpose c^f exchange^ Having been so im- prudent as to employ a native to carry them, the fellow toqk an opportunity of tunning off with so valuable a priz^*. Thi^ was the reason of the sud- den flight, in which Otop himself and allhis* fa- mily had joined 5 and it was with difficJulty that the captain stopped them, after following therti for the space of two or three miles. As he had deterttun- cd to take no^ measures for the recovelry of th<^ hatchets, that^his people for the future nnght be l^ore upon their guard against sucli negligencei 9ds ■■ 3^8 A VOYAGE TO THE every thing quickly resumed its Ibrmer tranquil« lity. The next morning, some messengers arrived from Etmeo, with intelligence^ that the people of that island were in arms) and that Otoo's partizans there had been obliged by th^ opposite party to re- treat to the mountams. Th^ quarrel between the two islands, which began in 1774, had partly sub- sisted ever since. A formidable armament had sail- 'ed soon after captain Cook left Otaheite, in'hislast voyage y but the malecontents of Eimeo had midt so gallant a resistance, that the fleet had returned without success y and now another expedition was deemed necessary. Oh the arrival of thes^ messen- gers, the chiefs assembled at Otoo^s house, where the captain actually was at that time, and had the honour of being admitted into their council. Oae of the messengers opened the business with a speech of considerable length, the purport of which was to explain the situation of affairs in Eimeo, and to excite the Otaheitean^ chiefs to arm on the occasion. This opinion was opposed by others who were against commencing hosulities ^ atid th^ debate was, for some time, carried on with great order and de* corum. At length, however, they became vtty tumultuous, and the captain began to ex]^ect that their meeting would conclude Tike a' Polish diet* But the 'contending chiefs cooled as fai»t as they grew warm, arid otder was speedily restored. In the end, the party for war prevailed f and it was resolved, though not unamraaasiy, that a strong force should be sent to Eiraco. Otoo said ver/ little during the whole debate. Thofe of the coun- cil, who were inclinable for war, applied to the ■i«-. PACIFIC OCEAN. 319 captain for bis assistance ; and all of them were desirous of knowing what part he would/ take. Omai Was sent for to act as interpreter } but, as fie could not be founds the captain being under the ne- cessity of speaking for Eimselfy told them, as well as he could| that aS he was not perfectly acquaint- ed with the dispute, and as the natives of Eimeo, hs^d never given him the least cause of offence, he could not think of engaging in hostilities against them. With this declaration, they eitljer were, or appeared to be satisfied. The council Was then dis« solved *, but before the captain retired, O^oo desir- ed him to come againr in the afternoon, and bring Omai with him. A party of us atccordingly waited iipon Jm at Q appointed time ^ and he conducted us to hjs «(icner, tn whose presence the dispute with Eimeb was again dis<:ussed. The com^Mxiore being very desirous of effecting an accommodation, sounded «the old chief on that subject ^^ but he was deaf to any such proposal, and fully determined to death, set up for himself, in opposition to Tieratabooiiooe, nephew of the de- ceased, wjio now .became the lawful heir, ^r. per- haps had been app^inl^d, by the people bf Ot^heite, to succeed to the iroverhment oh the d^^th of the othc r. 5^0 A Voyage to the Towlia,.wbo i$ rdated^td Otoo, aiid chief ortlic ^:|tnct c>f Tcttan^^^^n^ wlid had been comm^nj^er ip phief of thi saT^pxptnt spiit agaiiiit, JEin^eo in 17,74, Ijappcined not to be at ^atayar at this tline, and therefore, wajs i^oifpijescn t at thesi^' consplta uon s . It.apt^eared, however, that he was iio' stranger to ^hat was transacted ,f anq that he entf reel, into the affair lyrth great eagcr:iess and ${>int?; , Sor, on the ast of Sept^'mh^r, a ^es^enger arrived f|rQin him to acquaint ptpO; that^ had killed a ni air t^ be sa- cii&ced^ t^ the J^a{oQ0^ with the view qC irt piping the assistance of the ddt^ ^gai^nst Eimeo. Ttiis ceremony was to be performed at the ^ great <«i(>r47/, at At^tahoproQ 1^ and Otpo's presenc<^ was! necV^sary on ;ialiih^ ji rather exttaordi fiarj^^^hat one who had constantly declared himsei t)i^ &i0ntufi:^ our party ^hen re-embarked, having take Qii board a priest, who was to assist at the solem ii -:? ¥." ■fe m manHer ./.'■"■'T.- ■ meo m lis tiine, Itatipps. intQ the ow th( ■ i - t »■■- ■ nun to (^ be sa- . This Fotg p?*o- ^ to ac- cbnsient- captain's i)der?on, heip in a '^ smal r»4 Tow ver^atior sr, Tou' ;■ 'Tovvna xttaordi- e to fighl > Tpwb led up ir ng taker e sol(:m^ '■**. .t,'' . '.. ' *>, ■*^- J. >Arf»y?" V. ,1.^ r '.^•,. I, p^'a "■^tli&.. i^lUmt,'''y..:'ii ^■^■^f!l;f| ■ ii^^i ^'^^r:rmU^^- ■v* t ,-."«W» ' ' * i . V ^^'-.' J ■- ^ "> '♦ ^ m 1 '•^..f'~ . 1 ^, . ">. '^ :' ' ' • " '■ % ? ■ ■ r • '■-"'" f • ' Ka.>,'cjn«f,a-r-'»*flM*»»»5*«»*r-. • I. y. ": . -.*- ^ '. ,^.,,.,::;r'.-^', ^ ^-^ ^^ f X & ' ,lp\ ' "' .-*.*''^1 ^ i H wm mmF ^a ' WJ»)'|ii|i)J4«ji.iii«i, ■)«».«■_;, ifii,,mJimT,!' ,?'J .','J,',* I- PACIFIC OCEAN* 321 :# Aft soon as ^y laaided 4t Attaliboroc>^''^^eh; was abcmt tw9 o^clock, Otdlb Mked tbat t\k saiL Oif^lbigllt^be ordeied t^ cpntinue m xhc boat } fpd , that captain Cook, Mr^^ttfferson, and Mr Webftot woidd take off thcfr hat-i as S09tt as they shotted coil^e to the mqrai^ ip which they ittimediately pro- ceededL attended by tmmbcrs of men, and some boys If $ut n^t, ^oe woiian was present. Thc^ fo^d four jiipcns, tf^i^h thjeir as4ig|tants^ waiting fot" t4^« The de$d body, or sacrifiea, was in a sm»)I canoe thilt lay on the beach, frpnting the morai. Two oli^t frie^, with several of their attendan^s^ were Jsii%|J by the, cai^oe y the i)^bers at the ffi<^au Our cmij^l^iy stopped at tliie dii^i^ce of twenty or thir- ty pajoes from thc-^pfiests. Here ptoo^ f^aced him- self ^ our gentlemen^ and t fewoihers^ standing by hi«D» wh&e the n^ajority of tlie peopk were remov- ed at ^ greater diiiflN^f; Tl)e cerenionies now e^^ the at|eil%nt^ of the^^ii^S 1^^ 'mtaia- trip, and laid it down bdlire the king. „ ^ler ap/^roaohed| bearing n smiitt tuft of red featiie*- twisted on some Bbres^ df the cocoa^ut husk, Hvit b which he touched otie biin- jdie$ \Vith them. They here rcitewcd tfcfeif j)*»y;tii!, iiiUnng which the piatitaliiUrefes vtcre taken, cwve liy Oiie, at various times, from oft the* < •' d body,?whJcft being Wrapjied uj* in coeoa-lfeaves artd sitiaH braTi- chesj was now taken out of the c^notv and laid up- "^n tfe beach. The priests placed ' themselves s^found'it 5 sora« stariditig, and Others sitting 5 aid pnCj or more of them, fep^ated serlteiices fe abbat ten minutes. Tlae bod|jr was ndw stripped '4^ the leaVf $ and branches, ^nd plained pslrallei wiA the sek shore. Then one of th,^ prifests, standk^g^ the feet of the^rpse^ ptonoiimjed > lorrg j^^^ in y^hich he Wh« o WHS takeii to the priests. Not l^mg ttftfr ilis- fb^jesty sent them an^lie piece of- -fcath-err. Itt; the course of this last ceremony, a kln^,s-fishtr iliaytf^-a nois'^Hi the trees, Otob tunned to cap- tJ»UvCaok; sayiiig,'*' Tliat'is Xht Eatobti f^ and seemed 'to consider it ^s a favourable prognostrcV Tii^e feorpse was iheii csirifed i little w^y,*^d laid uhder a tree *, ntar Which wcte f.x iuhi-eethfn pities" of wood vi^6usly fearveycr« new .pefmiitt^d ,tc| gq asjuear as they pleased. He who secm^ci i«vbe the,,^liief prlp^^ spioke for about a quarter of an hcH^ with di&rent tones and^ gjcsturesf soi;Kke^nit;> np- ; pcat^iig tp f\- postulate witji the deceased 5 at other times a<^kjng several question? j^th^n making vari- ous detpands, asif the dea^ person either Had. Ji^>ver him^^lf, pr interest with the deity, to engage, rv^m to grant sui9h requests > among. which he cl^j»ire4 him to deliver Eimeoy Mabeine, its chief, the wc^- meu, hogs^ and other things of the island, into theif handf J vvliich wa^, indeed, the e.xprtss object of the sacrifice.; , He then prayed near h-^lf an, hour, in a whining tone^ and two other prie:»ts joined in the prayer^ in the course of which a priest pl^ck'cd some, more hair Jrom the head of the corpse* and put it upon one of the bundle?. The chief priest now prayed. aloncj, holding in his hand the feathers, received from Towha* ., Having finished, he gave thtiSfn to another pries^^ vphx> prayed in like mi^nner j, then ail the tufts of-feath.qw.were j)laced upon the bui^dles o£ cJoth^ which c9Pc]m4<^ the ceremony at ith^s place, / - ,, _^ : •>,..... ' , ", - . The dead iody wa» i^ow carried to the most conspicupus pjirt of th»; fwowV with the feathers;^ and the twp bundles of cloth, whik the drums beat sloptly, 7i^^ feathers and bundles were kid against the pile of stones, and th& body at the foot Qf them* ; Tile priests having agaiii seated themselves round the corpse, renewed tb^r prayers, while soipe of their as^i^t^nts, dug a hole about the depth of two feet, in^<^iH|ych ^hey threw tljc victim, andxpyec- ^4'hoirtx with stones and earth. Whi|e tbe^i^'wtre '1 '.:', -.1 nil !tlf A VOYAGE ifif THE coK^lfing ihc body ta the gravje; a 1% iqiitakcd «bud|f|pon ^hich Oxnat said to captain Cook, that it;w^ thc^/<>'' 3^5 Otoo took our pZTtf again to the moraij where the furiests, and a gfeat multitude of people, were bf this time assembled. iThe two bundles occupied the; place where thejr had been deposited the precedin|^ evening ; ^he two drums were in the frorit of the morai^ and the priests were stationed beyoiid them*^ The king placed himself between the drums» and desired captain Cook to stand by hini;^ q The ceremony of this day began with bringinj|r a young plantain tree, and laying it at his majesty^s feet. A prayer was then- repeated by the priestS|; holding in their hands several tulti of red feathers^ and also a plume of ostrich feathers, which the commodore had presented to Otoo on hrs first arrU val. When the priests had ended the prayefi they changed their station, and placed themselves be- tween our gentlemen and the morau One of tkem^' the same who had performed the principal part of tlie preceding day, began^ another prayer^ whidti continaed nes|r half an hour. During this frayerf the tufts of red feathers were put, one by iOne, upi on the ark of the E^looa. Not long after, rfbur pigs were produced, one of wMch was immtdmidy^ killed, and the three others Were tafceu ito a ndgM bouritig stye.-'^'"^' Hf^i^'^.i.^j:^-^^:-^^.^^^-*^'^-- ^--^^ .*^v,. ■ _ % One pf thv bundles was now untied^ and it wat found to contain the maro^ with which the Ota- hcitcans invest their kings. When taken out bf the cloth, k was spread on the ground, at full lenethi before the priests. It is a girdie about fifteen Ket in lejugthy and one foot and a quarter in breadth^ and U probably put on in the aame mannier as this common maro^ or piece of cloth, uscfd by these islanders to wrap roiund the waist. It was Offta-^ Toi;. I. <-Tt .t'j,:^ V«V "I 326 A VOYAGE TO THE /i'4'' ■:'.. . y,i»': mented with.yellaw and red feathers j but prmcii pally with the £ormpr«. One «nd qf it was border- ed.' with eight pieces^ about the si^i^ and figure of a bbrse-thoef' whose edges were fringed with black, feathers.. The other end was fotked^ having the] points of various lengths. The feathers were ran-v ged in two rows, in squate compartments, and pro- duced a pleasing efiVc|« They had been first fixed upon some ofthe doth of the:island| and then sew- ed to the upper end of the pendant which captait> Wallis had left flying on shore, the first time of hi» arriYal at Matavai. . Tiie priests pronounced a.longi prayet, relative tojhis; pact of the ceremony^ and after it wasended^ the badge of rpyalty waS:fpl^4.qd up with great care, and put into the cloth. > r The other bumdlev which we have already men- tiosed, undet the name Qf the ark, was next open- ed at onf$^nd$ jbuV our party were, i^pt permitted ta B^iproach near eriQUgh to examine its mysterious^ contents. Tljeiiii^lligcnce they obtained respectr ixig'i^f was, that th^ Epiooa^ (pr ratheir what isf sup^^ postid to/represent hlin) was ceMriceakdin it. This satred r^ository is -eOm posed, of the^^iyistjsd fibres ol tbehusk of t]^/ejCOCoa-nut ^ and its figure is round- ish, with one end considerably thicker tHan thq other* ?^n»: ■■ (»3«ii#* wofi.ijk^v-/aMti^!!?4'^^?i3;;t©,i!H'*^>-' "JJhc pig thdt had been killed w^s . py tnis time cleaned, and its entrails taken out. These happen- fd t^ hate many of those convulsive jitiptions which frequentjly appear l^ different parts, when.jia ani-^ mails killed 1 9nd this was consideied af,^^^,ycry; faVourahJe omen to the int^n4Gd exped]it)x)n.^^ A^^^^ bcinig e;f|pOsed for^ometime, the entVi^^ were car-, fie'•» ' 3*7 r«i'" trails, kiiS cdnfihue^im^ a stiefc. Having Been sufficiently examined; they Were then throvrri into the fire. The afe^rificed {»ig;and its Jiver, heart, /Sec. were now' put upon the 'scaffold wher^ the dbg' had been deposited ^ and then all the fea- thers, except th^ ostrich plume, being tlosed iti^tht ark, an end was pot to the whole 'solemnity, ^in. Four double canoed remained^pon the beach, M the looming, b^fbre the place of Uacrifice^ ' A small platform, covered with palm leaves, fastened in mys- terious knots, was fixed on the fbfe-pkrt di eac^ of these canoes ^ai^d this also^'i^ oalted a mor^au Somje plantains, cocoa-nuts, bread-fnitt^ 'fish^ al^d'otller articles, lay upon each of th^se^natal Jj^drMj; The frattves said, that they belOiigW t«r:th^ J^^JSr^iTy'aiid that they^ were to attend tbeflecl'tiEiat Was t0 1^ ient out against Eimto.- - i^m^ i-.dto -^w^ The unfortunate victimy ofiei^ On this occanotj, Was, to appearance, ^ mfddk->tfgi>d tean^ and Was 6ne t>f the lowest cla^ of the p^)^p)e* But it did iiot appedr that they had fixed- tipon him on aer- couiit of his having committed any particular crime that deserved death. It is eertaia, however, that they usually select such guilty persons for thfcir sacrifices, or else, vagabonds, who have no visible tvay of procuring an honest livelihood. Olir gentl«- men ' having examined the body of' the unhappy suffei;iftir, now offered up to the object of these peo- ple's worship, observed, that it was bloody about th^ head Und face, atid much bruised upon the right templ«; which denoted the manner in which he had been killed. "And they were informed, thatbo'htid been^knocked on the head with a stone. The Wrdtdh<^$ who are *de§tined to suffer oir these oocsi^ i .'...' ■ ■ • - • -if ^ Vr.> 328 4 VOYAGE TO THB K::;*tv2V:!^t ,-^. /• ^httfy gfe niveir ptrevipusly spprtsed of their fate. rWhenever anj onp of the principal chiefs deems a hmBiHI MCfiiicc necessary, on any great emergency, b^ fixei vpon the victiai, and then dispatches soinp of hit trust J servants, who fall upcyp him suddenly, jHnd fHher ^one him to death, or bep^t out bis brains with « dub* Tb« sovereign is next acquainted .witjb it) whose prfsence is said to be absolutely re« jquisit^ at ihe s<4fPn rheathat follow y and, indeed, on the ble, occasion, Otoo bore a capital part. Tlif iolimnity ilielf h lerme^i Fo^re Ertt^ or thf pmjftr of ibe c\mf » and the vi^tiija is c^U^d Taat^ ^ The Ii0r4»f wbffrf the )aite sac^^ce w^s offered, if tlwayi ipf lioprifttod lor the burial of the king of ibe wm)le ineiHk ^4 J^kelvise of his family, and some other persons of distinguished rank. It dif- fers Uttle« e^pt ip:C|tt^t, fr^im the common morau, Ils^^tncipftl.pifrlyi^ A ltr|(e oblong pile of stones, idxmttbkteen feet in height^ and contracted tOf jverds the top^ writb a quadrangular Wea on eac)i 'Aity loosely paved with pefajbles^ under which the bones of toe chieis are deposited. Not far from jtbeend nearest the sea is the place of sacrifice, where i$ a very large wb^la^Qx scaffold, on which the offerings of fnt|t$, and other vegetables, are placed} but the animals are laid on a smaller one, imd the human sacrifices are interred lender the pavement. There are several relique^ scattered about the place ; $uch ^% sijnall stones raised in va- rious paits of the pavement, some with bits of cloth :faaleiied round them, others entirely covered with it; and, upon the side of the larg< pile> fronting the area, are a great number of pieces of jcarved wood, in which their gods are supposed to reside .'ft!&«i'f,S»- •■ ^> ' *• '."r« te. s a rop ins ted re. ed. art. tbf ^»3i PACIFIC OCEAN, .j..-:Jt*:. occasionally . There is afifcap-bf stonei-at one;en4 of the large scaffold With a sort of*platfor|n on:one side. Oft thi§ they deposite all the skulls of" tha, humaiv siacrifices, which they take ^ up after thtyf have remained under ' ground* lor some monthsi Just above thetti, many of the oai^ed pieces of wood are placed )'and Here the mar o, and the other bun- dle, which* was tfbppbsed to contain the god OarOf Wete laid iiuring the celebratioti of the Ute solemn rites. • *'^*--*' ■ ' ' Kfittifcili jaaoi^fM^ ^35ii: - :i...,,i<:- It is pfobabie that this barbarous custom of of** fering hunian viictims, prevails in all, or m6st of the islands of the Pacific Ocean, however distant from each other some of ti) end may be. Artd though we should suppose, that uot more than one person is S3cri6ced at onetime, either at Otaheite, or other islands, yet these occasions, in all probability, oc- cur so frequently, a'5'toinake a terrible havock of the human species ; for captain Cook reckoned no less than forty-nine skulls of former victims ^ lying before the f/zor^/, at Attahooroo ; and as none of those skulls appeared to have suffered anyconsider- able change, or decay, from, the #eat}ter,dt jsay bp inferred, that but a short, time had elapsed siDde these victims had bden offered'. 'This horrid r*:i-^, tice,-'t^pUgh^ -no cortsidetatl^n Whatever can '1:^5© it ceajseto be deteshble, might, perhapt, be thought lessf detriniental, in some fie'spects, if it contributed to impress any awe for the Deity, or veneramn for religion, upon the minds of the spectators. But this was so far from being the case on the'latc occa- sion, that though a vast multitude of people- had assembled nt the moraiy they showed very little rcr yerence fo* what was transacting. And Omai hap- • . ■ EC 3 ' / * ;• v 'in 33^ AXfiXAQS.TO THE pentng to tnrive after the ceremonies had begun, manjT of tlw iiUndertthioiiged round bim| and were engi^gedf tot the reoiaining part of the time, in nSBUung him recount tome ci his adventures ; to which thej listened vrtth sreat eagerness of atten- tioiii regardless of the sokmn offices which their priests were then performing. Indeed^ the priests t h e m s elveS f except the one who sustained the prin- ' cipal party either from their being familiarised to such objects, or from their reposing no great degree of confidence in the efficacy of their religious in- stttutions, maintained very little of that solemnity which is necessary to give to acts of devotion their proper effect. Their habit was but an ordinary one y they conversed together with great familiar- ity } and the only attempt they made to preserve decorum, was by exerting their authority, to pre- vent the populace from encroaching on the very spot where the rites were performed, and to sufifer our gentlemen, as strangers, to come forward. They wetCi however^ very candid in the answers ' which they gave to any interrogatories that were put to thm, with regard to this inhoman institu- tion* Andy particulafly, on being asked, what was d^c deiign of h» they replied, that it was an ancient custom, and was hif^ly agreeable to their god^ who oime anil fed upon the saciiXices } in consequence of which, he granted their petitions. It Was then objected, that he certainly i£ld not feed on these, as he was neither observed to do it, nor were the bo- dies ef the sacrificed animals soon consumed | and that as to the oorpsd of a human victim, they pre- vented his feeding on that, by interring it. In an- swer to these objections, they gave it as their opi- nion, th only on people , till the ( putrefac Hum) tom tha Otaheiti emerged Besides, slain in as tropb dies to t which tl all the c with gr< hole,^ an their ^i They chiefs t taha^ T were all boo, wi There ^ great a interrec of stone who lo< one hpl perforn pomp a ofpeop the vie The va X ,.y.,.;,. ,■.(■„. PACIFIC OCEAN. 33? A ' t,: T •.- «*•' nioDy that he came in the night, in visibly , and fed only on the soul, or imroatetul part, which ("these people say) remains about the place of sacrifice, till the carcase of the victim is totaUy wasted by putrefiEiction, C^^^t Human sacrifices are not the only barbarous cus*> torn that still prevails amongst the inhabitants of Otaheite, though, in many other respects, they have emerged from the brutal manners of savage life. Besides cutting out the jaw-bones of their enemies slain in battle, which they carry about with them as trophies, they in some measure offer up their bo- dies to the Eatooa, Soon after an engagement, in which they have come off victorious, they collect all the dead, and bring them to the morah where, with great form and ceremony, they dig a large hole,, and bury them all inf as so many offerings to their Mv* aties. They treat in a different manner their own clliefs that fall in battle. Their late king, Too* taha^ Tottbourai-tamaide, and another chief, who were all slain in an engagement with those of Tiara- boo, were brought to the morai at Attahooroo. There \he priests cut out their bowels before the great altar ^ and their dead bodies were afterwards interred in three different places, near the great pile of stones above-mentioned ^ and the common men, who lost their lives in the battle, were all buried in one hple, at the foot of the same pile. This was performed the day after the battle with much pomp and formality, amidst a numerous concourse of people, as a thanksgiving offering to the deity, for the victory they had obtained the preceding day. The yan^uishedi 19 the soean time, had taken rc^ I I ill to ')8 l!l ii »*•'■ *-*'A .■>>'>/ .1,-- . *; ■i' iy ^A>i 33* A VOYAGE TO THE ■ /J'-i, :h mgc in the moiintains, where they rcmairted up- wards of a week, till the fury of the victors began to abate. A treaty was then set on foot by tvhich it wtis agreed^ that Otbo should be proclaimed king of thc^ whole island ; and the solemnity of invest-^ inrg him with thtf mato, or badge of royalty, was performed at tlie morat^ with great magnificence. At the close of the very extraordihary scene ex- hibited at the mor&ty our party embarked about twelve o'clock, in order to return to Matavai 5 and, in their way, paid a visit to Towha, who had con- tinued in the little island^ where they met him the preceding day. Some conversation about public sffairs parsed between Otoo and him 5 and the lat- ter entreated captain Cook, ohce-rftore, to join them as an ally, in their war against Eiitfed, By his po- sitive refusal he entirely lost thfe'^ood opinion of this chiefs -^ .s^kmi^tfj tMi f Before they separated, be interrogated our gen- tlemen concerning the solemnity at which they had been present; and asked partieulatly, if it an- swered their expectations "j what opinion they en- tertained of its eff ::acy 5 and whether such acts of worship were frequent ih theif own country ? They had been silent during the celebration of the horrid ceremony \ but as soon as it was completed, freely expressed their sentiments upon the subject to Cob" and his attendants J consequently captain Cook did not conceal his detestation of it, in this conversation with Tovyha. Exclusive of the bar- barity of the bloody custom, he urged the unreason- ableness of it \ alleging that such a sacrifice, in- stead of making \}az Eatooa propitious to their na- tion, would excite his vengeance \ and that^ from ^\% very circumstance, he conclvided that their in? mm* ^ f^mmmi^mmmmmmmmmmmmmim oi \h * .» PACmC OC£AK. i3S3 tended expedition against Mafaeifif^, woi|U he un- succcisfuL This was proceeding ,tq great lengths upon conjecture > but there yftiS httle £inser of b««- Ing mistaken ; for, irespecting thb war, there vvej^ three parties in this island^ one violent for it^ ano- ther perfectly indi&rent about it .j anil the thir4 avowed supporters of Maheine and iii cause. U^ der these circumstances, it was not probah]^ thft such a plan of military operations Would ]}t settled as cpiild insure success. Omai aeted as ipterpieteK> in conveying the captainH sentiments to To^wha^ 0|i the subject of th^ late horrid sacrifice^ and j|;ie sup- ported his arguments with such spirit, tluit the chi in the midst of whom we^e la ■■P:l4: ■*-^ K 334 •vi/ '''•■'■ A VOYAGE TO THE [p- ^^ '^-"neiii anci an ^'iit'i^ '■ TO. t.wo woniih," and ' ah' 6Id maiv BtKiM cacK "of beating gently upon a drqni ; arid the Tvothcn, at intervals, sitigiiig with greaft softness and delicacy. The isseml3y wci-e very attentive, and seemed, as it wisirej absorbed in ' the ^ pleasure the music gave them J few of them taking any notici of the stran- gers, arid the performers never once ceasing. When the party arrived at Otoo's house, it was al- most dark* Here they were entertdned with one if theit public heevas ox plays, in which his three ststetiB Represented the principal characters^ This they c^ll »i befiva raa^ and no person is suffered to i^nter the house or area where' it i^^hibited. This is always the casfc when the royal sisters' are the performers. Their dr^ss,; on this occa^ibn^ was truly elegant and pictiiresqiie, arid ^hey ac^riittdd themsely^ in a very distin^isM manner,- though $om scraped, or beat upr-^ very fine, ^nd baked by itself. A quantity of th^ the juice of cocoa-nut kerncds was put into a kind of wooden tray- The o^l^ipr articles, hot from the oven, were put into this vessel j together with some hot stones, in ,prdwT to make the cQntents idmme^. Three or four Tpersons were employed in stirring up tbe scveriai ingredients, till nncy were perfectly in- corporated^ and fhe juice of the cocoa ni^t wa|^ turned ^to o4,} and the whole niass, at last, wa^ nearly ©f the consistency of a hasty- pudding. Tb^^ hog being bakjed, and the pudding being made^^ .^ they, togethci: with twq living hogs, sonie bread* % fruit, and cQcoa-nuts were s^nt 011 board the cap^ taints snip in a canoe, follow:ed biy hiiQ and all the royal family. > . ^ _ ,^^. A young ram, of the Cape-breed, that had beeii lambed , and carefully brought up on board captain Cook^s ^hip, was killed by a dog the following day. This was the more to be regi^etted, asit was the on- ly one 5? Ahat fcreed that we h^dtj and^jniy one of tne English breed was now remaining. On the ,7th, in thip evening, >j'e e.3j,hibited some fire-works before a vast concourse pf 'people, some of whom wer^^highly entertained, but Jthe greater humber were much -tcrrrfied wtt*h tfip exhibition j ijlii^Qmi^jjb* that th^. could hardly be prevailed on to f*-,,\^^\. i* ■.v i V v. , 356 A VOYAGE TO THE inent. What concluded the business was a table- rocket* It flew oS the table, and dispersed the ^ irhole crowd in an instant ^ even the most resolute f^mongst them now fled with precifntation. On the 8th of Septcmberi a party of us dined nvttH our former shipmate Oedidee, on fish and pork. The hog wetgiied about thirty pbunds ^ and it may be worth mentioning, that it was alive, dressed, and brought upon the table within the hour. We had but just dined, wbeii Otoo came and asked me if my belly was full ? On my answering in the lif- firmative, he said, * Then come along with me/ I accordingly went with him to his father*s, where I found some employed in dressing two girls with a prodigious quantity of fine cloth, after a very sin- gular fasihion* The one end of each pieqe of cloth, of which there were a good many» was held up over the heads of the girls, while the remainder was trapped round their bodies under the arm-pits. Then th^ upper ends w<^re let fall, and hung down in folds to the ground over the other, so far at tO;bear resemblance to « circular hoop-petticoat. After- wards round th^ outside of a)l were wrapped sever- arpfecesbf differently coloured cloth, which consi- durably increased the size , so that it was not less than five or six yards in circuit, and the weight of this singular attire wt^s as much a$ the poor girls cpu^d support. To ^ach wer^ hung two /tfvx^^/, or breast-platies, by way of enriching the whole, and giying it a picturesque appearance. Thus equipped, diey Were conducted on board tl^e ship, together w?th several hogs, and a quantity of fruit, which, with the cloth, was a present to me from Otoo^s &ther. Persons of either st3;, dressed in '-•Iff ?^^i;*^.>.A H ^.Jl ■\. f> I ^M^^ ■■>iiJ •. •'■t^ W!^ \ ^W Ible. the lute ne4 ork. may ised, We Ime e af- ?/I ere I th a r siti- loth, id up rwas -pits. ivnin ;beat Lfter. icver- :onsi. It less [htof • girls ^hole, Thus shipi fruity from sed in I 'C v.i- ■-, - if*. , . t • •feS - i. V ■•■ ' 1 .i f^.-: -i ! -i- *. •. » 4 •I T^S • '.i ■■* % ■ ^li'--? ■ ■ " , ■' »'«' ■ V i ■'1 ( M ,'■■1 .-*■•'-> ■•■^■m. •<• 11 i ri' if'i4 --r^' %> '■ 4^ '"«'?■*<;.(:■ ■'w.^ j-^ 'i r 1 ^.^ . ^v4:<..,•.^a&^,'.,i;,.^■,-;l„ •SI I ^ I ■:'^.^ ^;- sa^^i-M^^ 'i ■',-■ ■ ■»■ .. f,. ;■■•.■,.. ;'.., : J' t' ■" ■ .i' I ■ *■■■«•» '. ■; ■'•■.•', i i, « ■ :>>*''«>■■ ■■« V. 4|^^f^ ••■\ %''4k PACIFIC OCEANi "4 :.J*V ,,^. tliU 3^7- ner, are calTed atee ; but I beiieve it U never practised, except wHeti large presents of clothT are to^ be made. At least I neVer saw it practised^- upon any other occanon ^ nor, Indeed, had I tv&^ 'Such a present before ; but both captain Gierke ^nd I had cloth given to us afterwards, thus wrapped round the bearers. ' The ntxt day caf](>tiun Cook received a present of five hogs and some firait from Otoo ; and one hog^ and some fruit froth iaeh of his sisters* Other prof visibns were als6 in great plenty. Great quantities^ of mackerel had be^n cau^t her« by the nativel! for two or three successive days , some df whicftl ^Vere solj on board th^ sh^. Otoo was equally attentive to ^pply our wants^^ smd contribute to oiir iiitius^nient. On the loth, hdl created a. party of us at Oparre with a play. Hl^y thrfce sistprs tvere the pfesformers, and their dressed i^ere new and elegant^ much more so than we had, met with in any of thoe islands. ^ The fkrincipat object, however, that the captain had itow Jn view in going to Oparre^ was to see an «imbaltned corpse^ hear the retidence of Otoo. On inquiry, says he, I found it to be the remsuns, of Tee, a chief well known to me, wh#n I Was tit this* island, during my last voyage. It was lying in a ioopapcoOf more elegantly constructed than their comi^on ones, tt was in a pretty larse house, en^ closed with a, lour palisade* It resemoled one of those little houses, or awnings, belonging to their large canoes. When we arrived at the place the body was under cover, and wrapped up in clotlv^ within the toopapaQO ; biit, at. my desirc; the man^ svhd had the care of it brought it out, and laid it| 4' !^;J^.?|^^ ! • S 338 A VOYAQE TO THE upon a kind of bier, m ^uch a^ manner, tliat we had as full a view of it as we could wish ; Bot we were not allowed to ^go within the pales that enr closed the toopapaoo, After he had thus exhibited the corpse, he hung the place with mats and cloth, so disposed as to produ' . 1;* >/., saiSy thtit they mside use of the juice of a plant ^ which grows amongst the mountains ; of cocoa-nut oil ; and of frequent washing with sea»water. I was also told, th^t the boaies of all their great men who die a! natural death are preserved in this manner^ anil that they expose them to public vieir for a very considerable time after. A^t first they are laid out^evety day wHen.it does not rdin ^ af- terwards the intervals become greater and greater^ and at last th'ty are* seldom to be seen. • tVe quitted Op?irre iti the evening, leavirtg Otoo and all the royal family. The captain saw none of ' them till tlv i2th;'tvhert all; except the chief him- self, honoured hini with a visit. He was gone, they said, to Attahoorbb, to assisl^ at Another hii- • man sacrifice, sent by the chief of Tiaraboo to be offered up at the tnqraL This second instance, within so short a period, was a thelancholy proof "that the victims :bf this bloody superstition arc verjr, tiirtnerous ambtig^t this humane pcpplc* ^ ThecajJ- taih; would have* been present at this iattifice als6, ha^d he' been earrlicff irtfotmed bf it,' but now it was too lat6. For the ssime reason he omitted being present at a public transaction at Oparre the pre- ceding day, when Otpo, with great solemnity, re- stored to the adherents of the late king Tootaba the lands and possessions^ of which, after his death, they had been dtprived^ *; ^ ^^ -'tyV f ^w^Otoo returned the next evening from exercising the most disagreeable of his royal duties 5 and, the next dafy, being honoured vs^ith his company, the citptain^ Gobk arid Clerke mounted on horseback,; -and rode reund the pilain of Matiav^i, to the asto- xil^metit of ar vast traiii of spectators. Once or m:¥ m%-^-r^' -^^j Ffa ■'^-:':;"'.-:'- - "■, l( Il li o ,^40 AVOYAOETOTHE \ twice before this, Omai had^ indeed, attempted to get on a horse j but he had as' often fallen off be- fore he could contrive to seat himself properly^ this jWas therefore the finit time they had seen anybody on horseback. What the captains had begun, was repeated daily by one or another cf our people y and yet the curiosity of the natives continued un- abated. After they had seen the use that was inade of these animals, they were greatly delighted with them 'y and we weie of opinion, that they convey- ed to them a better idea of the greatness of other nations, than all the novelties that their European visitors had carried amongst them. The next day EtiMT* or OlUi the god of Bola- (>ola, removeid from the neighbour^'>od of Mata* vai to Oparre^ attended by several sailing canoes. O^ooj we were told, did not approve of his being -^ near pur station, where his people could more conyeni^ntly invade our property. Otopi it must }}t aclqnowledged, took every prudent method to prevent thefts and robberies; and it was principally owing Xo his regulations thftt so few were commit- ted. He had erected a small house or two behind bur post > and two others near our tents, between the river and the sea. Some of bis ow;i people continually kept watch in all these places y and, as his father usually resided on Matavai Pdnt, we werci in a manner, surrounded by them^ They pot only defended U9 in the night from thieves, but they had an opportunity of observing every thing that pafsed in the day ; and were ready to receive contributioi^s from such girls as were privately con- nected wijth our people, vi^uch w&s uiu^Uy dpfip every inorning : so that thi^fMft^Mm l^i^ tfik^n m^mm^ ".yd ' • V PACIFIC OCEAN. ^4^, ^41 •r ,, ■ - ■ ■ i^ •-. ^ ^1 ■ , 'I ..-»■.-, T- - , -•'• i ' -, jS ' ■ • * . ■ f -5 ' - i6 'se'cuife 6ut 15feiy, answered tHe more essential pfet pose of enlarging his own profits. ; "^'/Otoo acquainted captain Cook, that his presence was required at Oparre, where an audiencee was to })e given to the great personage from 'Bolabola, and begged he would afccomp.ny him thither. The captain readily consented, expecting to meet with «qmething deserving his notice. Accordingly they set out on the i6th, attended by Mr Anderson. Nothing, however, occurred, that was interesting ot curious. Etary' and his followers presented some coarse cloth and hogs to Otoo, with some ce* remony and a set speech. After this a consults^ tion was held between them and some other chiefs about their expedition to Etmeo. Etary at first dis- approved of ity but his objections were at length over-ruled. It appeared, indeed, the next day, that it Was too lat^ to deliberate upon this business; for, in the evening, a messenger arrived with intel- ligence, that there had been some skirmishes, but that the loss or advantage on either side was incon- siderable, i. • , Captain Cook,- Mr Anderson, and Omai, in the morning of the J 8th, went again to Oparre, ac- companied by Otoo J taking with them the shee(> which the captain intended to leave upon the island; ^hey cbnslsted of an English rdm and ewe and three Cape^ ewes ; all which he made a present of to Gtoo. All the three cows had taken the bull ; he therefore though^ it advisable to divide ,them and .c«rry some to -Ulietea. With this view h*e ordered them to be brought before him, and proposed to Etary, that if he Wouldilcave his bull with Otoo, ^e shot^d have this and one of the coyfu To tl^s -^ia^l-ac 34^ A VOYAOX TO THE proposal Etary at fim tUrttd lonif objectipni ^ but at last agreed to it } however, at the cattle were putting into the boat, one of Etary^f followfsi op- posed the making any ezdumge whatever. \, The captain, upoi|^ thit* iMfpecting that Etary had agreed to the arraagementi for the pr^M&t^ 9nly to pl^s^se biiHf dropped the idfa of an ex i^hom he striotly enjpin^ i\ot to suffer them to he removed frpm.Qparrei till he should ^ave got a stock of young ones ^ which he might then mpose of to his.friends, or s^nd to the iM^b- bouring islands. This matter bctug settled, our gentlemen left Etary and bis party, and attendeid Otoo to another place not far distant, where they found the servants of a chief waiting with a hog) a pig, |ind a dog, as a present fyom their master to the king. These were delivered with the usual ceremonies, and a harangue^ \ii which the speaker inquired after the health of Otoo and of his principal people. This compli* ment was re-echoed in the name of Otoo, by one of his ministers ; and then the dispute with £imeo wa» formally discussed. The deputies of this chief were advocates for prosecuting the war with vi« goUr, advising Otoo to offer a human sacrifice on the occasion. A chief who constantly attendecf the person of Otoo opposed it, seemingly with great strength of argument. The captain was now conr firmed in his opinion, that Otoo never entered l^ar*' tily into the spirit of this war. He received re*- peated messages from Towha, urging him to has.* fen to his assist;ance. /^ ' .Haying 4i|^d Ipvith Otoo; our party returned la» v^^v,;^: ■'■.■*- ;.v»-. ~A»^* ••* >,.. PACIFIC OCEAN. 343 Matavafy leaving' litffi it Oparre. This day and the 19th, we were very sparingly supplied with fruit. Otoo being tnfornied of this, he and his bro- ihctt who had particularly attached htmsclf to cap* lain Gierke, came froin Oparre with a large supply for both ships. All the royal family came the next day with presents^ so that we now had m6t€ provi- sions than we could consume. < Our water being all on board^ and every thing put in order, the captain began to think of quitting the island, that he might have a suliicient time for visiting others in this neighbourhood. We there- fcre removed our observatories and instruments i^om the shore, and bent th^ sails. Early the next rooming, . Otoo came on board to inform captain Cook, that the war canoes of Matavai, and of three other districts, were going to join those belonging to Oparre and that part of the liUand 5 and that there would be a general review there. The squadron of Matavai was spon after in / motion ^ and, after parading for some time about the bay, assembled ashore near the middle of it. Captain Cook now went in his boat to take a sur- vey of them. What they call their w^ar canoes, yirhich ar«y those with stages, c^ which they fight, amount tp about sixty in number ) there are nearly as mfny mo!?e of a smaller size. The captain was ready t As soon as this mock-fight was over, Omai put on his suit of armour, mounted a stage m one of the canoes, and was paddled all &long the shore of the bay, so that every one had a full view of him. His coat of mail did not draw the attention of his *■/ 346 "MZ fm^i '?^i ;A VOYAGE TO THE m countrymen so mucli as might have been expected. Sothe of thenj, indeed, had seen a part of it be- fore 5 and there were others aprain who had taken sfich a dislike to Om?.i, from his imprudent con- duct at this place, that they would hardly look at any thing, however singular, that was exhibited by him. Otoo and his father came on board in the morn- ing of the 2;2d, to know when [Captain Cook pro- posed sailing. For hearing that there was a good harbour at Eimeo, he had informed them that he should visit that island on his passage to Huaheine; and they proposed to accompany him. and that their fleet should sail at the same time, to reinforce Towha. Being ready to take his. departure, he submitted to thetii the appointment of the day 5 and ihf- Wednesday following was determined upon j whefi he was to wjceive on board Otoo, his father, mother, and thi'\vhole family. These points being agreed on, the captain proposed immediately setting out for Oparre, where all the fleet was to assemble thiis day, and to be reviewed. , . , ' —^t^-jir^^^ ^V As captain Cook was getting into his boat, news arrived that a treaty had been 'concluded between T6\^ha and Mahtinc, and Towha's fleet had re- turned to Attahooroo. From this unexpected event, the 'war canoes, in«t^ad of rendezvousing at Opafre, Were Qfdered to their respective districts. Captain Cook, however, followed Otoo to Oparre, accomp^ied by Mr King and Omai. Soon after their arrival, a messenger arrived from Eimco, and related the conditions of the peace, or rather truce, it being only for a limited time. The terms being disadvantageous to Otahcite, Otoo was severely tjensure had ob coramo that T ceived, tain Co those o: upon X^ ed to es whosoe rience t turned This feet, ^1 tile int< per* provc^ eluding captain have be he shou fore cor waiting giving I expectc Whil Oparrcj the atte in Att^i the pea( asked t( chose r? knowing snemora mmm •:m.- ;^f>VCIFIC OCEAN. .^ 347 tiensured^ whose delay, in sending reinforccnicnts, had obliged Tovvha to submit to a dtsgracefui ac». commodation. It was even currently reported, that Towha, resenting the treatment he had rc» , ceived, had declared that, immediately after cap-*! tain Cook's departure, he would join his forces to those of Tiaraboo, and attack Otoo. This called upon the captain to declare, that he was deteTinin i^ * At Jrst,' says captain Cook, * I thought that this numerous train of females came into my boat :ivith no other view than to get a passage to Ma- tavai. But when we arrived at the ship, they told me, they intended passing the night on board, for the exprcs* purpose of undertaking the cure oi the disorder I complained of 5 which was a pain of the rheumatic kind, extending from the hip to the foot. I accepted the friendly oiffer, had a bed spread for them on the cabin floor, and submitted myself to their directions. I was desired to lay myself down amongst therp. Then, as many of them as could get round me, began to squeeze tne with both hands, from head to foot, but more particularly on the parts where the pain was lodged, till they made my " bones crack, and my flesh became a perfect mum- my. ' In short, after undergoing this discipline about a quarter of an hour, I was glad to gel away from them. However, the operation gave me im- mediate" relief, which encouraged me to submit to another rubbing down before I went to bed 5 and it was so effectual that I found myself pretty easy all the night after. My female physicians repeated their prescription the next morning before they went ashore, and again, in the evening, when they re- turned on ' board ; after which I found the pwlns entirely removed ; and the cure being perfected, they took their leave of me the following morning. This they call romee ; an operation which, in my opinion, far exceeds the flesh-brush, or any thing of the kind that we make \xsp of externally. It is .»■ r»*^ •.'■^■^ v>* r PACIFIC OCEAN. ^^ '^49 universtUy practised amongst these inlanders j be^^ ing sometimes performed by the men, but more ge^^ nerally by the women. If, at any time, one ap- pears languid and tired^ an^ sits down by any of them, they immediately begin to practise the rome^ upon his legs \ and I have always found it to hav^ an exceeding good effect.' On Thursday the 25th of Sep'tembet', Otoo, Mr King, and Omai, returned frotxi Attahooroo ^ and Mr King gave a narrative of vhat he had seen to the following effect : • .At sun-set we embarked in a canoe, and left Oparre. About ni«e o'clock we landed at that extremity of Tettaha, which joins to Attahooroo. The meeting of Otoo and Towha, I expected, woiild be interesting, Otoo and his attendants seated themselves upon the beach, near the 9anoe in which Towha sat. He was then a- sleep ', but being awakened, and Otoo's name men- tioned to him, a plantam-tree and a dog were im- mediately laid at Otoo's feet j and several of Tow- ha's people came and conversed with him. After I had been for some time seated close to Otoo, Towha never stirring from his canoe, nor saying any thing to us^ I repaired to him. He asked me if Toote was displeased with him \ I answered. No; and that he was his taio ; and that I was ordered to go to Attahooroo, to let him know it. Omai then entered into a long conversation with this chief, but I could not gather any information ftom liim. On my returning to Otoo, he desired that I should go to eat, and then to glc^p \ in conse- quence of which Omai and I left him. On ques- tioning Omai on that head, he said, Towha was lame, and therefore could not stir 5 but that Otoo '/ \' * 350 A VOYAGB TO THE .%■•,;„ and he would soon cojoycrsp together In prlvfii^. This was probably true ; for those we left with Otoo came to us in a I^tle time ^ and, about ten minutes alter, Otoo hin^selx arrived, wjben we all Went to sleep in his canoe. '\ ' Thp ava was the next morning in great plenty. One man drank to such excei^s, that, he lost his senses, and appeared to be convulsed. He was held by, two men, who busied themselves in plucking off his hair by the roots* I left this spectacle to see a more affecting one. It was the meeting of Towha and his wife, 9nd a young girl, who was said ta be liis daughter. After the ceremony of cutting their heads, and discharging plenty of blood and tears, they washed, embraced the chief, and seemed per- fectly unconcerned. But the young girl's suffer- ings were not yet concluded. Terridiri (Oberea's son) arrived y and she, with great composure, re- peated those ceremonies to him which she had just performed on meeting her father. Towha having brought a war canoe from £imeo, I inquired if he had killed the people belonging to her •, and was informed, that there was not a person in her when she was captured. i^ Mfv h?^? About ten or eleven o'clock, we left Tettaha, and landed close to the, marai of Attahooroq early in the aftcrnpon. Three canoes lay hauled upon the beach, opposite the morai^ having three hogs in each. We expected the solemnity would bav« been performed the same afternoon j but nothing "was done, as neither Towha nor Potatou had joined us. A chief came from.f^im^o, with a small pig and a plantain-tree j which lie placed at Otoe's tVet. They conversed some time together, and the Eimeo chieC V'l^.^^--;* ■S- PACinC OCEAN. 351 often repeating the words, Warry^ Worry ^ (false») Otoo was probably relating to him what he. had heard, and^the other contradicted it. ' * *^ ' "^*' The next day Towha and Potatou, with scven^ or eight large canoes, arrived, and landed near the morau Several plantain-trees were brought to O- too, on behalf of diiferent chiefs. Towha remained in his canoe. The ceremony was commenced by the principal, priest, who brought out thi maro^ wrapped up^ and a bundle of a conic shape. These were placed at the head of what I supposed to be a grave. Then three priests sat down ' at the other end of the grave ; having with them a plantain- tree, a branch of sdme other kind of tree, and the sheath of the flower of the cocoa-nut tree, \. . The priests separately repeated sentences 5 and at intervals, two, and sometimes all three, cTianted a melancholy ditty, very little attended to tj the natives. ^^Thiskind of recitative continued near ah houf* »rThen, after a short prayer, the chief priest uncovered thie maro^ and Otop rose up, end wrap- ped it about him, holding in his hand a bonnet, comfpPsed of the red feathers of the tropic birii, mixed wi^h otljf r blackish feathers. He stood op- posite the three priests, who continued their prayers for about ten minutes *, when a man rising suddenly from the crowd, said something ending with beiva! and the crowd echoed back to him three times Earee ! The company then repaired to the oppo- site side of a large pile of stones, where is the king's moral ; which is not much unlike a large grave. Here the same ceremony was again performed, and endec} with three cheers. The marQ was now wrap- V .,< i :"'J ^'\ 35^ A VOYAGE to tH£ ped ap, and ornamented by the additioii of a small piece pf I'ed feathers. The people now proceeded to a lar^^c hut neai the moraif where they seated themselves in solemn .or4er. An oration was then made by a man of Tiarabop^ which ended in abou>t ten minutes. He was followed % a man of Attahooroo \ Potatou ^PpH<^ ne](t| and with niuch more fluency and grace than amr of them* Tobteo^ Otoo^s orator, exhif bit^d after h^m, and then a man from Eiraeo. Som^ other, speeches were made, but not attended to* pmai said, that the substance of their speeches ^re^f commen.ded friendship^ and' not fightings but as xnanjjr of the speakers expressed themselves with great warnath, there were, perhaps, some recrimi- nations ^id protestations of their future goo4 in* tentiofis. In the midst of their harangues, a man of Attahooroo roue up, haying a sling fastened to ^is waist, and a large stone upon i^is shqulder. Af- ter parading for about fifteen minates .in the open space, and chanting a few shoit sentences, he threw t|ie stone down. This stpnp, together with a plan- t|fiii.tree that lay at Otoo's feet, were, at^ the con- clpston qfs the speeches, carried to the morai'y one of the priests, and Otoo with hfm, saying some- thing upon the occasion .f;|.. i , i5 *t;W Returning to, Oparre, the sea-brccze having set in, we were obliged ^o land, and had a pleasant walk from Tettaha to Oparre. A tree, \vith two large bundles of dried leaves suspended upon it, pointed out the boundary of the two districts. We were accompanied by the man who had performed the ceremony of the stone and sling. With him Otoo's father held a lone conversation, and ap- '4: PACIFIC OCEAN. ^ 353 p^atred exti'emely -angry. He was enrage J, as I utrderstoody at the part tVMch Towha had taken in thq Eimeo business/ '^^ ^^ : JFrom what was a spying- glass. After having it in his possession two or three days, tired of its novelty, and probably find- ing it of no use to him, he carried it privately to captain Clerke, and told, him, that as* he had been ^is very good friend, he had got ^present for him, whicl) he knew would b^ very agreable. Butj t^S;Otoot ypu must not let Too/* know it, because he wants it, and I would not let him have it* He iJl^n put the glass jntoc^ptain Clerke's hands y at the S9tXi(ie tlxne time assuring hinpi^ that |te came ho- j^^^tjy'ljjr it;, in^pttiiw. Cl^k:C l^ first declined ac^ cepting It 'y but Oto<) insisted Upon it, and left it w)^ Jhim* ;Som^ days after hi put captain Clerke .>^.-. ■J^. FAClFir. OCEAN, 355 it, Was yet desirous of obliging Otoo *, and think- ing that a few axes would 1^ ot more use at this island, produced four to give him in return. Otoo no sooner saw this than he said, * Toote offered me five for it/-.< Well,* says captain Gierke, • if that be the case» yov^r friendship for me shall not make you a loser, and you shall have six axes.' These he accepted^ but desired again, ,that I might not be told what he had done. * Our friend Omai got one good thing at this island, for the many good things he gave away. This was a very fine double sailtng*canoe, comple\e* \y equipped^ and fit for the sea. Some time btfore, 1 made up for him a suit of £ngllsh colotu'S, but he thought these too valuable to be used at this time \ and patched up a parcel -of colours, such "as flags and pendants, to the number of ten or a do- zen, which he spread on differentiparts of his ves- sel, all at the same time \ and drew together as many people to look at her, as a man of war ^ould, dressed, in an European port. I'hese streamers of Omai were a mixture of JBnglisb, French, Sj)ani$b, and Dutch, which were all the European colours that he had seen. When I was last at this i^innd, I -gave to Otoo an^^J^glish jack and pendant, and 10 Towha a pendant \ which I now found they bad j^lfeserved with the gieateiit csire., • ¥ Omai had also provided himself with a good stock of cloth zr)il cocoa-nut oil, which arc not only in greater pent) ;,.. but much better, at Ota- heite, than at anj' <^ if the Society Islands ; msb- much, that jthey are articles^of tnxle. Omai would not have behaved so inconsistently, and so much unlike himself, as he did, in many instarceSj but ^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) k {/ /- % 1.0 I.I ■10 i^ III '" IIIIIM 1^ IIIIIM 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ■• 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation ;3 ^VtST MAIN STREET WIRSTW.N.Y. 1''580 ^J %> 9 ^tf A VOM^E TO WE a few of tTicir acqbaiptat^c;!e/^ftl^fd^^dl f^m ch^^^^ tb tfeimselvcs/tyith rid cniiir S^i^ fiil ^t«clcs6f1iii{frqi^yfeei^me ^BSt I had suffered the^ ^elatiBtT^ 6F bis tb^taV^^^&i^ bu£- bv foi¥>fifdiA^' ... ..,„. i4*rtd^^^M5fei rttaairted^ iir ^he ftcfW hfco^lfobd^ ahcj; sired ^-^vould takc:\viti]i%^V a^ as"^ present fr6in him to the E^ee'fy^te fzo JFrrtan^y it feeiii^ the dhljr thing; ifr1^fd,4hat he- ceivld ieti^ v^iii nor had th^i'e been a theft ; comaiitted itot^ihy of notice.' li h pro^ bable, howevefy thattheirtcgulafity of conduct te» suited from their ie^r of interrupting ft traffic, which livi^ht procure than a greater 'shai*d^df Our commodities, thi^ they could obtain bypluhdet t)r pilfering. This point, indeed, was, in some 'dibgifee, settled at the first interview with theif chiefs after our arrivaL For oapta^in Cook dedtare^d' then to the ^natives, in the most decisive teitns^' that he would not ^ffisr them t» rob us, a^ ^liey had It!^- merly don«. Oinai Was singukrly tfseful' in ^ this business, being instructed by the captain to point out to them the happy consequontesof theifhof/es^ cmidttct, and th^fatd ttii^hi^fs that ffiust attend a deviation' ftom.it^ Bdt ^e chiefs have it not'•'"*" m^m PACIFIC OCEAN. 359 for Otoo, the dimensians of which were eight feet in length, fi^e in breadth , and about three in depth. Locks ^n'd bolts ate not considered as a sufficient secniity \ but it inust be large enough for two peo- ple to sleep upon, and consequently guatil it .in the night. r It may appear extraordinary, that We could ne- ver get any 4istinct account of the time when the Spaniards arrivedy the ^me they staid, and when f ' 7 departed. The more we made iitquiry into th J matter, the more we were convinced of the in- capability of most of these people to remember, calculate, or note the time, when past events hap- pened ^ especially if for a longer period than, eighteen or twenty months. It however appeared, by the in^ription upon the cross, and by the in- fbrmnticn of the most intelligent of the natives, that two ships c;ame to Oheitepeha in 1 774, not long after captain Cook left Matavai, which was in May the same year. The live stock they left here consistedof one buU^ some goats, hogs, and dogs, and the male of another animal v which we were . afterwards informed was a ram^ and was, at thi9 time, at Bolabola.* . ^ nivi *» The hogs are large •, have already muc^ impro- ve4 the breed originally found by us upon the island ; and, on our late arrival^ were very nnmerousv Qoats are also in plenty, there being hardly achief without some. The dogs that the Spaniards put ashore are of twq sorts : if they had been.all hang- ed, instead of being left upon the islandj it would h^ve been better for the natives. Captain Cook^s yoUng ram fella victim to one of these ahimali. We have a* r?.ady mentioned the four laniards that 1 w»afla""ii',";''^-' i ■■'■■'-7 ' AT '"■ iMMHMlMiaUiM 'M mfi^m 3^ mtm mmmmm I 11 «i if tii ijju^pfi^a A V0YAI3S ITO tiftt femtiiifd on tii« idand afi^ tlietr it, ^Tv^o of these ^eie prienr wW mideil $hei«|l6)e tifjk m the tiooae at Ohihepaba ) bcA Mateetpa roved about ccm^uiilly, vlskimg ^^n^'pluts of llio itlaiML Aibr )i#atid lik^Oii^ montbf, two' shiiM arriving at Obeitefieha^ to6k eVar d«dgn tte ^iiiar£ ntght haye had upon this isbiidi^ this Imty dcpartare show^ they hav^^. i^if laid it aside.' l^ey endtavoured to make the natmi beS^^ that they still intended tb fet|irn ^ and that .they woiild bri^ngwith them bmise^ all ki^ds of aninwh, and men and women ^ho mt^ to ^jttla on ilpe id^nd. Ot<^ when he menttpned tl^f to. captain C^ook^ added, that if the Spaniatds should n?ttiir% they sisonld not ^me td Matiival Forty whiichf he said» was ours. Thi idea pleased . h|m \ but ht did not iRonsidet that the completion , . of it wouild deprive Mm of his kingdoroy and the people of their liberties. ^ Though this shows hoW easy a settlement. imght bt tnade at Otaheite, it is hoped that sucb a circumstance wilt never happen^ Our oceasiqnal visits may have been of service to its inhabitants, but (considering how most Euro- pean establiidiments are conducted among Indian na- . tions) a permanent establishment amongst them would^/fnrobabl^y give them just cau^ to lament that bor ihips had ever discovered it. Indeed^ a .measure of this lund can hardly^ ever be seriously thought c1(jf^ tSrcUmtttficc for Owt wt>o pncledl^liiitfitilNit* % vti^cd a ptice lielofigin,i to Sfiitn, it wiU «i tfiis mxu Cajtftiii derke, vtrbo had jm dia othit nlafl» spdsa orlitiii at a low l^w^ a ftMt out >f Mi senaes v>^ h>^ ^^ <»BUfit«|iibaii aiit«^]iad tlsa aa^eio^dfi / ! ^sicit Of iriKums niuii> ;4 myjWITBiBMffi.'MffT:'*^ i> ' ;a f! aa & amgi!