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VTONTRERb, 1893. m Pf)f)p To /. (■'iiUTi-il .ic-ciiiiliiiL; 1.1 Ac-i ofilir l';irli.iiiii-iii i.f (', niacin inllu_\iar iS'i;. In thr >,ilii- ;\l till.' I >c|).irliutiu 111 AyriiiilliiiT. 5i\H? f fc In intlu-)inr iSo;. In tlii' >,iliiM .n I.illio-r.i|., ly .iii.l I'lililUhiii^' r ic|i.irlimiii 111 Ayiiriilliiii.-. 5AH? ^mmm AWIA'/) ('/ IKADF. SOL \ i Xf. > ci...«r. a lii,. ol ih.inklul d.'votioii aiul -.hhI works wiihi.i tlu' .t'Curily A \W' \vall> ol iIk- II. .uI Hivu ;>n.l >.Tiousl\ .-.'nsiJciva .■iitoriii^ tlic iuni!i;.tc. I Lt sw.'^ik— ol .lispos-tion altraclc.l ilio tviulor licarl of Jeanne Maneo and thiou-lunit Ikt lit., sli..- never eeascJ to uateh o\er the eliild so stran-elv thrown upon h.T eare. So \\w llolel Dieu Keanie a vorilable home to the iMphan ehUdien and no pivs- su>v was put upon ih.ni lo cnl.r iIk' order. Ilowevu", both sisters were des- ,i,uJ lou.ler the world a-ain. tor two years later. Raphael Lambert Closse askod for and obtained Isabella as his wile, and ten years later Mane married Sidrae du ilae, Sieur de Hoisbrianl. K^^^ the j.|th |uh. i'-^;. their marria-e eontraet was si-ned in the Fori ol Xillunarie bv a lu^si'ol friends anxious to show their res^ard lor llie eonlraeim^ piriies. Isabella was only sixteen years old, so MademoisJle Mai.ee aets m the phu-/ .^1 her mother, and the marria-e is sanetioned by her and several ol the eler-v wl'.o wue present. SiMiie part o\ her family property may ha\ e been re- covered, or more probably her benelaelriee had in some manner provided a dot, lor the bride brings as her portion hfteen hundred Hk res besides her personal property and weddin- presents, and flosse settles .^x^ her three hundred livres for her own use. The lollowinLi- month they were married in the Chureh ol St. Josep,'. on St. I\iul street, and earlv in the new xear the .Xssoeiates -ranted to Lambert flosse the hrst i-ief eoneeded in the Island oi Montreal, it eonsisted ol one hundred acres. bet,Mnnin- a little above St. Paul street, just beyond the property ol the Hotel IVieu. and extondini,^ from thence towards the mountain in .i narrow strip nearlv- two miles in len^rth. Heyond him. to the east, there was only one other eonce'ssion. so that he stood at the very outskirts of the little settlement. Such a position was what he himself would have chosen. 1 le recoi;-m/ed that the Fief Closse was i,Mven him as well in reward o'i his past services as an earnest oi further duties and he at once set to work to prepare his lands lor oc- cupation. He eni,^aijed a man to break it up and sow it. another as a general servant, lor one hundred and forty livres a year, made his contracts lor his Jwellinj;. a house of heavy timbers with a projecting" chamber, strongly tortihed, known as the Redout and built for a place of safety. When all was readv he left his old quarters in the 1-ort with his wite lor his post .^i honour and danger and was replaced by Zacherie Dupuis and IX>llard des Ormeaux who had arrived from France with M. de Maisonneuve during the previous suiiimer. We see the softer side ot our soldier's nature when we glance at his home life and find him surrounding his young wife with all the comforts possible in a new country. She had her tine silver, her store of bed and table linen, for the walls of her room she had pictures of the X'irgin and Saints, probably presents, from Mademoiselle Mance, (who possessed a number of pictures on canvas and copper), a little librarv of thirtv-one volumes, her state bed with its hangings ol blue cloth and fringe \^i party-coloured silk, with folding chairs and an arm-chair covered to match. He was careful, too, that she should dress in a manner he- luting her station, for she had her dresses of line grey cloth with skirts ot white sergel and it is easv to picture Dame Isabella in her cherry-coloured morning )/ /RAD/', son /:.y//^' .\ riz/v/.A', r s\\ ov.'l iic^'' nii^lunit iK'f Ml Ikt I'aii.'. iiul wo \iw^- > vwro tk"'- nil.' inarri>.i.l tlio l'"ori of lOnlraciiiiL;; iiK'*.' acts in cscral ol' llio a\ c bci.n n.- n ii.k'd a (A'/, her ptTMinal iidrotl liwc^ isv.'|il', on Si. nbort flosso line huiKlictl npcrty of tlio narrow strip ilv one otlior iionl. c roeoiiiii/cil ^'rviccs as an lands tor oc- as a general racts lor liis ij^ly fortified, s wife l\>r liis d {bollard des ,e dnrintj the e at his home possible in a linen, for the ibly presents, in canvas and s hanijinjjs o\' 1 an arm-chair a manner be- .;kirts of white nred mornin^j Liownofline llalian stull known as /^',i/i>/r ilr /-/-/r.vr. . I le w as as particular ^■'""^•' in inarkini;- his own rank, lor. anions;- l:is Imu .u ;s, is imk' i-l l-;ni;lish cloth witli points iif ribbon of ihe ci'lour known as dead leaves ( (aiiilc iiuuic\ and t,Tey silk sUH-kiiiLis. and ins list oi bi>dy linen is iiiiusually lari;e and line, so that llieu" siirriMUulin^-s not onl\ indicate threat condorl bnl also a reiinenunl one would scarcely base looked for in this ruiowned Indian li-htei-. Their lirst child, {•".li/abeth, had been born in llie I'\mi in C\:ober, i()5.S, but died ow the lolK'wiMi^ da\ . In their new home, lun\e\ er, ; l',.- _\ o. mil; niol lier's heart was comlorted b\ thv birth of a dau,',liier, whomslu' i anud Jeamie, in Knini;- recognition oi her -^odmoilK r, Madenio's. I!e Mance, and L\cile ni memory ol Ik r i^ranilmolhei . C'losse had been under hea\\ expense in Iniildin-' ai;d j reparini;- his land lor cullixaliim, so al the ^-n^X o\ his lirst \ear ol occup.i;ioii he sold hall his coiics- sion \o M. Souarl of the Seminar), who puu-iiasod, il lor ihe benelU ol the Siei.r de Saillv and his wile for the sum ol three iliousaiid lis res. ll was stipulated m the deed that they and their s,.i\anls -luuid be p;iniced by the \ eiulor w ,t h lodi;ini;- in ins hous..', w ith the use o\ the kiu Ik n in eon.mon lor three _\ears, i.iKi tiK purchaser ai,M>.ed to build his house next to ihal ol L lo:>se lor I Ik- purpose o; their mutual saUiy. iM-om the tiiiK' o\ their marriai;e there had Iven comiiarali\e peace about .Montreal. Onlv one man had been killed duriiiL; two xears and a halt, and the relief from the constant strain oi watchlulness and dUL-nce was most welcome and benelicial. Men went about their usual occupations in safety, houses were rapidly erected, farms were thoroui;hly cleared and cultivated, important addi- tions had been made to the slrcni^th of the colony ar.d a sense of security was betjinninij to be felt when the awful scouri^e oi Indian warfare ay:ain swept over tiK'land. It had not come without warniiii;-, for in October, iD^ii, Sylvestre X'achon was killed at the l.ac aux Loutres near Montreal ; in the following? spring Jean de St. iV-re and his tuii companions were treacherously murdered at I'oint St. Charles, and the reprisals for these outrages was the long expected signal for war. The heroic sacrifice oi Hollard and his comrades broke the main force of the Indian attack and undoubtedly saved the country from the greatest danger, but Montreal was beset with eager foes and man after man was murdered or carried otf. In l'"ebruarv, thirteen men were taken prisoners at one stroke ; in March, four others were killed, and six captured. Charles LeMoyne only escaped cap- ture or death by the courage oi Madame Duclos. M. I.emaitre, Treasurer of the Seminary, \vas killed in the midst o'i the men who were haying. M. Viginal, Treasurer of the Seminary, was killed o\\ the Isle-a-la-i'ierre, opposite the town, and his companion, Claude de Mrigeac, Secretary to .M. de .Maisonneuve, was eaptured, and .underwent his terrible martyrdom at the hands of his merciless foes. Never before had the outlook been so desperate, and never were the services of such men as Lambert Closse more needed for the existence of the little colo y of \illemarie. V. I i\ •lai •4 liOANI) OF TKAHE SOUVENIR AX' Clii>>e. On tlio 17th Icbriiaiy, i(>()j, some nl liis men were altiieked hy liuliiins while at their wi>rk. On liearinff the alarm, he at onee rushed Ui iheir rescue and threw himself into the midst of liie fiK^ht. Three y>i his men fell about him, and the nif,'ht of a certain l-'lemish serxaiit so emboldened the victorious Iroquois that they rushed on their old enemy, who still faceii ihem, supported only bv a servant named l'if,'eon. a little active fellow, entirely devoted to his master. Closse had either come without his sword or it was broken durin}^- the lirst melee, but he faced his foe undaunted, a pistol in each hand. Desperate as their position was they mij,'ht vet have escaped had not his pistols Hashed in the pan, one after the other, and in the unequal struy^^'ie, he fell before those enemies whom he had so often conquered, " like a brave soldier of Christ and our Kinfj," as l>ollier de C'asson adds to his chronicle. Fi},'eon succeeded in makin;^ ^ood his escape and bri>u},dit the news of the disaster home with him. The poi>r youn.t; widow could not remain in the lieso- late home, and souj^ht comfort and shelter at the hands and heart x^i Madame Bourgeois, of the Congregation, for herstif and her babe. Here, within sight iif the home where her great disaster had overtaken her, she lived for over live years. After she had in some degree recovered from her loss, she occupied herself in managing and preserving her propertv. Her husband had been too much of a soldier all his life, and was of too generous and probably careless temper to make a successful trader, so that upon investigation his aftairs were found to be seriously involved. She at once leased the farm and her first protector. Mademoiselle Mance, again came to her rescue and took part of her property in payment of a debt of two thousand livres, and the Seig- neurs remitted all their dues "in consideration of the great and valuable services "which the late Lambert Closse, her husband lias rendered in the establishment "of this colony where he was killed by the Iroquois while in its service." News also came of the death K^i a relation in Paris, the Sieur de Hrcst, of whom she and her sister .Marie were heirs, ;;.,d this welcome addition to her means enabled her to acquire a lot of land forming the corner of St. I'aul and St. Vincent streets, and she left the shelter of the Congregation and went to live here with her daughter Jeanne, now six vears old. Now there came to Montreal a certain Jacques lii/ard some few years after these events, who was born in Mecaix in tli'i Canton o'i Neuchatel, in Switzer- land, where his father, Dav id Mizard. was Mayor. The son probably came out to Canada with the Count de I'rontenac who was his friend and appointed him as Lieutenant of his Body (iiiard. I'pon the death oi Zacharie Dupuis, who had succeeded Lambert Closse as .Major of the island and town ^^i .Montreal, Bizard was appointed in his stead and held this oHice during the remainder oi his life. He was a friend o{ Gresollon du L'hut, and lived with him in his new house on St. Paul street, and when Bizard won Cecile Closse for liis bride, we find Du L'hut came down from the western wilds to act as one of his friends at the signing of his marriage contract. On the 16th oi August, i()7.S. Bizard married Jeanne Cecile Closse who was then eighteen years old, and it is worth looking at their marriage contract, if only to see tlu all came Loui» the King iti (. .if N'orthern I and lii>vernor 1 Sieur de \'arei secretarv ; Rei .Michel .and (ir Robineau de P Ciardeur, his w selle Barbe d' Sieur de Lusit; and o\\ the par liue, SieiM- de array oi iiotab CoiMit de I'Von born, she was father. In October island lying ti known to us a^ the Ottawa Ini house at the ci enlarged. It i: he was allowec March ibSj, tli Like m;-.ny t which he did ni his marriage I Court, a butch( he wanted, thn his feet, a prot and so laid hi married life hai Patron, his ne: leaving his hou was in the str only excuse for man as he vv;i surprised by ha Bizard, who, bi and regretted absence he sati groimd by the I outrage, but co we {\o not find Bizard died WHE SOUVENIR yi'Mn/CK'. only to SCO iho luimber of inipoitani frioiuls Hi/arJ liail in tlic loiinlrv. I'"irsi ofC'""" all camo Louis ilo Hiiado, C'omte ile l'"rontonac, (iovernor ami l.itnil.-dcneral lor llio Kinj,' in t'anachi, Acadia, llio Island of Xcwtoundlanil and other coinilrics .>t N'ortiicrn I'lancc, then hrancois Marie IVrrol, Seif^iiciir dc Ste. (ienevicve aiuK;i>vornor of Montreal, Dame Ma^'dclaino l.a (liiido, his wife, Kenc (iaiithier, Sieiir dc X'areiines and (iovernor of Three Ui\ers, )act|iies Marrois, I'rontenae's socretarv ; Reni' Uohincaii, Sieiir de Hecancoiir, fhevalier \.\\ the Order of Si. .Michel and (irand Noyer oi New JMance ; Pierre Robineau de Hecaiicour, Reno Robineaii de Portneuf, Charles D'.Ailleboiist des .Miisseaiix, l>;iine Catherine l,c (iardeur, his wife, Jean Haptiste I.e (iardcur de Repenti^Mix and his wife, Danioi- selle Harbe d'Ailleboiist, Daniel de Crezolon. .Siem- dii Mint. Louis Tayeon, Sieur de l,usit,niy and Jacijiies Dainien, Assa>er and Reliiier o\' ^okl and silver ; and on the part of Jeanne (."losse came only her mother and her uncle Sidrac du line, Sieur de Hoisbriant. The contract was dul> sif,Mied by this formidable array oi notables, amonj,'-st who no rohincr found a place, in the hotel o\' the Count de i-'rontenac at .Montre;il, and when the first child oi the marriajfe was born, she was baptized Louise in honour i>i the Count who stood as her \^y^^.\- father. In October of the next year Hizard was granted the Seigniory of the large island lying to the north-west of .Montreal then called Isle Honaventure, and known to us as Isle Hizard; but as it was in a position open to ever\ descent oi the Ottawa Indians he probably never occupied it but continued to live in the house at the corner of St. Paul and St. N'incent streets, which he rebuilt and enlarged. It is perhaps an indication of the favor in which Hizard was held that he was allowed to possess this properly while still an alien for it was no\. until March if)S7, that he obtained his letters of naturalization. Like ni;-.ny ol his class he held traders and shopkeepers in sovereign contempt which he did not hesitate to shew on occasion. Thus a couple o\' months before his marriage he behaved in so high minded a manner towards owq Michel Le Court, a butcher, who neglected to furnish him with all the fresh beef tongues he wanted, threatening the butcher with a term of imprisonment with irons on his feet, a proceeding which the butcher believed he had no right to exercise and so laid his complaint against the Major. Kven the responsibilities of married life had but little effect in calming his blood, for in i().So we find Jacques Patron, his next neighbour, complaining that on the jjnd of December while leaving his house towards five o'clock in the evening to walk into town Hizard was in the street with two friends when Patron passed without saluting. His only excuse for such a breach of etiquette was that he had not seen tlie gentle- man as he walked along thinking over his business, when suddenlv he was surprised by having his cap pulled olV his head, and thrown across the road by Hizard. who, before knocking him down, remarked that he was growing prouj and regretted not having his cane in order to chastise him properly. In its absence he satisfied himself with a sound drubbing, and dragged I'atron over the ground by the hair. The indignant merchant at once informed Perrot o( the outrage, but could obtain no satisfaction, and then laid his formal complaint, but we do not find that he ever obtained any redress. Hizard died in 1(192, two years later his widow married Raymond Blaise des ' ! IM V\ fe lunu.iiiu;) it-^ line vv^itli the cluuH)iiu,) ^Kic^ ^Ik- River ^\VL■cp-^ ill it-^ heuutvj i\uv. \\^hilc lurv--^-^ the pLiin, etenuil. ri^e f^cueherv-^ille. f5ciu)eiiicnt eniel ^t. R\ilciiiv. f^ur 1c the ^ve-^tvv^.H^•| ^hiiie^ ^uehiiie. ^Lite cf the (3i"ient. Iciu) tH)C. V^heii the v'irviin fcre»t s-trctdicd bet^vrceii 'The Re\|ul l^cuiit emel the f^iv'^er below'. Vv'^ith it-s ^ciiv'^cnt buildiiuj-s. lew" unci wHiitc. P\iin'.s |.slund lie». half \ccccl. hulf pLiin. Vv^^hiie eibreti^t the %it\). Q^\xc\^ and briLjht. §prinL)-s the w'^ccde^ cre-st cf ^te. [l\elene ; ^c the ea-st the cjlimmer cf u"ater i^ -seen V^here the -stream ha-s pa-s-sc^ in it-s cnvcard \\c\^ f^ rem the (^c\|al fe it\) that lic-s betw'een • 'The |^c\|al ITjcunt an^ the l^icer belcv'?. f^rcm the taperinc) -steeple-s rcund abcut The >:hime new -sw'cll-s te a miC)ht\) p-salm ^-s the beem cf " (^rc-s f^eur»^en" w^ell-s cut f^rem the -stateKj tevv^er-s cf P\ctre ©ame ; f^rem ^t. |^eter'-s deme \t\\\\ a cjclden -sheen The .:re-s-s t]leam-s bricjht in the -sun -s la-st t)le\v'. (f\ii)h ccr the ^it\) that lie-s betw-een The [^c\)al l^cunt and the [^iv-er belcw'. f i flcvv' ibciit htvi p-sulm \K'C\ -s cii-f ctrc ©amc ; jidcn -sheen -sun -s Id-st t) C\V' 'cn ^\^C\' be lew''. HOARD or TRADE SOUVENI MONTRliAL IN "bo From Kamiisi"'s t'oUectinn of XDyago^, piililUhci Till' (ii'sign \v:is niaik- from tlu' (li-icri|ili(in (>ivci '/•' TRADE SOUVENIR NUMBER. MON TRIBAL IN oo5. L'lilloction of N'oyagcs, piihli^hcil in \ iiiifi" 1563-1565. madi- from llu' ik-scriplinn j>i\i-ii by I;\ii|Uos Cnrlicr. liOAKD OF JRADE SOUVENIR MONTREAL AND SOME OK TH THK l^KKXCH WKC J:ic<|iies Cartur. WWV.\ that hardy Malouiii, Jaccjiies Cartier, followed by his j;;cntlemcn and sailors, landed on the shoies of the Island oi Montreal, in the month oi October, 1535, ho came not only as an explorer, but as the herald (^i a new civilization, standing <'>k\ the threshold of an imknown world. The story of his \ isit reads like a romance ; we follow the adventurers aloni,^ that broad forest path under the jjreat oaks, "as fair as any in France," a good league and a half to the gates \>'i the Indian town of Hochelaga, near the mmmtain ; from thence we pass through the waving fields of maize antl rice and peas ; we watch the curious cere- monies of the Indian feast, see the presents exchanged, listen to the Ad- miral's speech, see him touch the palsied and mutter a few words of the (lospel over them, and finally stand beside him on the summit of the moun- tain and marvel imt that he named it ".Mount Royal,"* as he gazed at the beautiful country stretched out o\\ eve.'y side. Towards the west the Hurry of silver rapids caught the eye ; towards the south a great plain, broken only by the broad stream of the St. Lawrence and the then nameless mountains ; towards the north and west, the meet- ing oi the Ottawa and the St. Law- rence, and towards the east, the tranquil flow of the river he had just surmounted ;- and all this country covered with the primeval forest, save for the patches of cultivated land on the Island. No White Face other than he had ever set foot within the borders of this lovely land. He named the mount on u hicli he stood, and the great river which bore him thither; hut otherwise, mountain and stream, island and river, were only known by name to the Indians whose heritage they were. Then, his short visit over, he took canoe for Quebec, and the Island was left once more to his friendly hosts. * It In curiiiu> to note the various s|)i'llint;s of Mcmlienl in tlic I'.n^li^li ilnciimcnts ; Mon l\i;il, Mcin Ixiiyall. \lonl Ke.il. Mniili- kojall, Mon'e Kyall, Mont Uoya". Moiil Troy.nll .nnd Moyal an; some 'if ihi'iii, JACQIIIS CARTIER. Nearly our Island, N irx)3 S anxiou westwi Quebec. Ow the named the present Cu Sli\ Helhh The Ho itants, as even the \< to-day. N of the yeai tribe whici Champ found on t covered by the Little 1 He had in the earl; manned b before. H finery of a ed to gras trade whic The tra canoes am The w succeedinj, died, and up by the ing Indian that on wl citv in the ■J'RADE SOUVENIR NUMBER. i : OK THB MAKBF^S THBKBOF. * 1>J P: X C H V^ K< . I M K . \early three-quarters ot a century rolled by before another European visited our Island, and even then it was but a flying visit. N 1603 Samuel de Champlain, ik Brouagc en Xaiii/oiifiv, the maker ot Canada, ''""p-""- anxious to examine the country over which lie was placed, made his way westwards, at le;ist as far as Lachine, and then retraced his course to Quebec. On the 28th May, ibi 1, he returned and thoroujj^hly examined the Island ; he named the point between the Little River and the St. Lawrence, where the present Custom House now stands, La Place Ro\Hih\ and the lar^^e island below. Sic. Helvnc, in honour o( his wife, Helone Houille. The Hochelaga of Jacques Cartier had entirely disappeared, so had its inhab- itants, as well as all traces oi the fields of rice and <;rain ; all had gone— and even the very site of that wonderful Indian town can only be vaguely surmised to-day. Xo doubt some horrid tale of savage triumph is hidden behind the veil of the years, a triumph in which the victors left nothing standing to tell of the tribe which once had been. Champlain explored the neighbouring country, experimented with the clay found on the shores, and built a wall of it on the little Isk Norma iidi 11, now covered by the Island Wharf ; he also made two gardens, one on each side o( the Little River, planting them with seed brought from Krance. He had sent word to the Indians to meet him here with furs for trading, and in the early days of June of that year, canoe after canoe came down the rapids, manned by savages from the interior, who had never looked on a white face before. Barter was quick and easy ; furs were exchanged for axes, knives and finery of all kinds, on the very site of that future city which so soor was destin- ed to grasp and hold the fur trade in her hands for over two hundred years, a trade which was rapidly to lift her to the commercial supremacy of New France. The trade over, Champlain sped swiftly down the current in his heavily-laden canoes and took ship for France. The wall of clay on the ilet stood until swept away by the ice and water of succeeding Springs. The flowers and plants in the little gardens bloomed and died, and in a few years all trace of man's handiwork was destroyed, or covered up by the never idle hand of Nature, ^'ear by year went by, and only wander- ing Indians touched our shores, until another May came, thirty years later than that on which Champlain landed, which was destined to see the birth of a new citv in the heart of the wilderness. i i wm BOARiy OF TRADE SOUVENIR Mai-otiiifiKC. IT was tho ciohtcentli ol May. "tne iiioiUh oi Mary." it)4J. that I'.iul de Chomedev. Sieur de Maisoniicuvc. aLCompaniod by M do Montmai;iiy the C.ovornor, laiuk-d with his foliowini; on tho " I'iace Koyalo" o'i Champlain, on the shores of Montreal. l<:i-hteen thev were in ail In e ^^^ them woner, of wlioni two. .Madame de la Peltrie and Mademoiselle Jeanne Mance. were of the same class as their leader ; but ditVerence of caste in no way interfered with the common zeal, nor diverted theircommon aim the buildin- of a "City oi Clod" in the midst <-^{ a heathen world. With such an object it was fillini,' that their first labours should be devoted towards raisinjj an altar to Him in whose cause they had enlisted as Soldiers of the Cross. \Ve all know the touching story of that iirst act of Christian worship ; how the two ladies, with their servant, decorated the sylvan altar, and the Jesuit father, X'imont, i^ave forth the Vcui Creator, and during- the service which followed, prophesied the future success of the colonists.comparini;- their i^rowthto the mustard seed of the Ciospel ; then, as the Holy Sacra- ment was to be exposed, and there was no oil for the lamp, fire files were caui,'ht in thedusU, and imprisoned in a vial of clear glass, they flashed and burned through that first night before the Symbol of the Redeemer. That night the tired travellers lodged ii In bclh' ctoi/c, and it is not difficult to imagine the many and different emotions which swayed the hearts and kept sleep from the eyes o'i those men and women, as they watched their sentinels pacing slowly up and down, appearing and disappearing, between the glow of the fire and the gloom of the forest. On the moriow tents were set up, the site oi the fort was determined, and tree after tree came crashing down under the axe ot the founders oi X'illemarie in the island of Montreal. "This enterprize would seem as desperate " as it is bold and holy had it not as foundation " the might of Him, Who never fails tho-e who undertake nothing save "in harmony with His will; and did one but know all that is being done to " bring about this great result he would at once acknowledge that our Savii>ur "is verily its founder." So wrote the Jesuit chronicler for the year i()42 and nothing could more faithfully represent the spirit which upheld and inspired these men and women. Paul de CtuMiiedev, Sieur de MaisomKJ\e, w:is a gentleman of Champagne. who hail ma\ indee name. It is t: young so instance t but. wl- inij' aside I'AUr, UK CHOMKDKV, SIKIR DK MAI shortly the com by the La Dau the entl and at disco\er TRADE SOUVENIR NUMBER. I'aul do la^ny tin.' hamplain, ami; dc la ir leader ; r diverted a heathen in hampai,fne. who had lu-iin his military career in Holland when only a child s^'i thirteen h. may indeed have been colonel, even at tiiat ai;e, in the reijiment which hore his name. It is tantali/int;- that we cannot trace the personality and surroundings ol the voung soldier, only catchini; here and there a lew va!,'ue hints. We Unow tor instance that he could play on the lute, that he had an old father and two sisters hut, whether he had passed throui^h a jciincssc onii^CNSc and ret'ornied, ciist- \side those evil companions some of whose names mii;ht iiave sounded familiar even in lhi> far-olV-time, or, whether he had always preserved that purity of soul, that devotion of purpose and sobriety ot mind which so distinguished him in alter life we know nothinj;-. When we first meet him at the heginnini,^ of his new life he had evidently resii^iied from active service ; he would devote himself to the service of Ciod, \ery probably •'against the Turk," that oppressor of Christianity who gave oppottunitv to churchman and heretic alike to join in those freciuent expeditions which still offered to pious and warlike souls some sem- blance to the Crusades. Now , one o'i our young ollicer's two sisters, Madame de Chomedey, was a nun at 'I'royes, deepiv interested in the missionary work in Canada and her enthusiasm must have in- Huenced him to some extent, for on reaching Paris and being in a house of a friend he picked up the Relation o\' the Jesuits in Canada for that year. He therein found reference to the Jesuit Father Lallement, who had recently returned to France. He would see the Mis- sionarv, lay bare his heart to him, and possibly Canada might prove his field of action. It is one of the many curious coincidences, if we do not care to use a stronger word, o'i the foundation of this colony that M. Jerome Le Rover de la Dauversiere, the director oi tlie Associates oi Notre Dame de Montreal, should have applied to Father Fallenient shortly afterwards, to enquire if he knew o'i any one fitted to undertake the command of the colony. Maisonneuve was most heartily recommended by the old Missionary but, before meeting him, the priest suggested that l,a Dauversiere should see him at the inn where he lodged. .Accordingly the enthusiastic Collector oi Taxes repaired to the inn, secured his room, and at dinner that day must have scanned each t.-^ice with eager interest to discover this olVicer willing to abandon the world for the wilderness. There w as M^ii^ jiMKMve. ; CHOMKDKV, SIKIR DK MAISONNia'VH. thing sa\e ng done to ur Saviour ir i()42 and id inspired BOARD or IRADF. SOIIENIR MnisiniiH-nvr notliiiis;' to siifiial liini tViini the others, hut l^a Dauv ersicre possossLti a toiicli- stono wliich easily calk d forth the true inclal. He lie_L;an to speak \>i New {•'ranee, the ij'iorious missions there, and particularly <-\i the new enterprise ot the Associates. 0\w face ahove all others was at once alis^ht with enthusiasm, one questioner more than all was eajjer in his inquiries, and, when the meal was over, the (.piestioner joined his int'ormant and asked him to withdraw to his room where he mijjht hear more of an enterprise in which he was tjreatly interested. Here tiie two men made themsehes and their desires and ambitions known to each other the end bein^ that M. de Maisonneuve declared that he had an income \>i only two thousand livres, but if it were ajjreeable to the Associates he would command the company ready to start and ended : " Mon- " sieur, I ha\e no care for profit, 1 can " supply my wants out of m\ income, and I " will employ both my purse and my life in " this new imdertaking without seekinj^^ for "honor other than to serve (iod and the " kini>^ in my profession." His old father was j^reatly distressed over his determination and onl\ ai^reed to his departure in the hope that he mijjfht revive the tortunes oi their old and honourable house; his sisters wished him a hearty God- speed and we ha\e seen his arrival on the scene y>'( his life's work. I'or a \ear the colonists worked and watched, unmolested by toes, but were linally discovered by a tlyini^^ party of .Mgonquins, who, hastening back, met their pursuing enemies, who were Iroquois, arul the two made common cause against the white invaders. l'"rom this time, fi>r fully one hundred and fifty years, Montreal stood in the van, ever liable to attack, at times overwhelmed and helpless to put forth any effort, but still ever holding her birthright won by such men ;is these whose story we will to some extent endeavour to trace. Thev were in a hostile country, so that their first care was to prov ide a place of safety ; they built such a defence as they could and four years later, when M. Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge, a gentleman of Champagne, as was Maison- neuve, arrived at the head of a new band of colonists, he drew a plan of a regular fort with four stone bastions ; the king made a present of cannon and within this eflective rampart the little colony was in comparative safety. I'^ven b de Mullion, attracted I the cause direct her Dieu, whi*. which is 111 JEROME I K ROVI:r I)I< i.a dadver present S to the ni Here he their groi great dis command slowly. ■J NAD/-: SO(l/:N/N .\'[.]/HKR. w tmicli- o^ New prise ot uisiiisni, [loal \\;is his rnoni rot oil. ICvL'M boloro the het^iniiinj^s of Moiilroiil there was a huly in l'"rance, Madame Mai^.tnunve. de Bullion, anxious to prove herself in ijood works; like so many others she was attracted towards the pruniisini;- tield o( Canada and en'.husiastie'ally embraced the cause i>f the new foundation. She chose Mademoiselle Jeanne Mance to direct her eH'orts and the end was the establishment o( an hospital, the Hotel Dieu, which was bei^un two years after the landinj^- o'i the colonists at a point which is now the corner oi St. i'aul and St. Joseph, (now St. Sulpice) streets. M. do Maisonneuve, who had suflicicntly proved his personal couraj^e on hard fought fields in luirope, had now ti> meet a more severe trial in attempting to restrain his men from their desire to sally forth and meet the enemy who vo constantly beset them. They could not understand this grave, quiet man, who was said to be a colonel, ever counselling I hem to prudence, making provision for relre.it within the walls oi the fort on the first ah.rm. No doubt their wonderings grew into whisperings and the whispering.s into words which reached the ear o\' their ever patient leader, and he saw that he must prove to their duller understanding that he lacked not the qualitv which they prized most. Our fir.st historian, Dollier de Casson, tells us how, in the morning of the 30th of March, 11)44, ''^^^ dogs of the l'"ort making their daily rounds under the leadership <.^\' the sagacious " I'ilote," gave warning of lurking foes ; and the inhabitants urgently begged Maisonneu\e to lead them to the attack. Cirimly warning them to be as \aliant us their words, he ordered prepara- tions to be made, and marched out at the head o( thirty men ; leaving M. d'.Ailleboust in command. Having but few snow-shoes they kept the road as far as the spot where the Hotel Hieu was in course of erection, and then up a road which had been broken for drawing wood for the new building, which probybly ran along the line of the present St. Sulpice street, and engaged the enemy who were in ambuscade to the number o\ about two hundred beyond the present Place d'.Armes. Here he scattered his men, sheltering them behind trees, and they held their ground as long as amunition Listed ; but this failing, and being at a great disadvantage in the deep snow, the men soon fell into disorder, and he coiTimanded a retreat to the wood road for firmer footing, urging them to move slowly. The pursuit was so hot, however, that as soon as they gained the road IK ROVI:k 1)I< l,\ DAUVERSli;RK e a place when M. Maison- )lan of a mon and II J( li lO HOARD OF TRADE SOUVENIR M«i!«)niinivf. they broke and ran, It-jvinj; Maisonncuve, who had waited for the wounded to be borne ofV, far in the rear. They rushed on in such a terrified rout that the sentinel at the l*"orl essayed to tire his canon trained on the path up which they came, but fortunately the fuse did not take or there would have been a jfreater slauffhter than the Iroquois had eflfected. Meanwhile Maisonneuve followed as rapidly as possible, and the Iroquois, recoj^ni/inj:^ the liovernor forbore to fire, wishinjj; if possible to capture him alive ; they pressed so closely that from lime to time he was forced to face them pistols in hand, when suddenly they halted, and their chief sprinjj^inij^ forward stood face to face with their only opponent. The (iovernor sighted and tired, but the piece missed, and the Iroquois chief, who had thrown himself flat to escape the ball, leaped to his full heij^ht and amid a howl of victory from his followers, rushing in grappled with his an- tagonist and caught him by the throat. Fortunately Maisonneuve's left arm was under the chief's shoulder, and be- fore his antagonist could push his advantage, he discharged his second pistol point blank into the back of the Indian's head who loosening his grasp, fell heavily in the snow at his \ ictor's feet. Stupefied, the Irotjuois hesitaleil for a moment and then rushed forward, not to attack Maisonneuve but to save the corpse oi their chief from desecration, and lifting it on their shoulders slowly vvitlulrevv, while the intrepid liovernor reach- ed the I'^ort in safety. There never was questiim oi his courage after this. The beginnings oi the little town were "the l-ort," at Poiii/c I'l Cdlliirv and the Hiilvl Dii'it but it was not until the fourth day i^'i January, sixteen hundred and forty-eight that " Paul de Chomedey, Kst|uire. Sieur de .Maisonneuve, Ciov- ernor of the Island oi Montreal and of the lands thereto depending,"' gave the first personal grant of land to Pierre liadoys which ran from about the site of St. .Anns' market, and had as its l-iastern boundary about the present line of St. Peter street. Then the colonist n ti>ok courage, that is they took courage between the Hotel Dieu and the l-'orl; Teslard de Montigny, Jacques F,e Her and Charles Le Moyne there built their houses ; then a fortilied mill was built bv the Seignieurs, who were now the Cientlcmen Ecclesiastics of St. Sulpice, at a place known to all old Montrealers as "Windmill Point" and another mill towards the east which they called " le Moulin du I'ort," the site oi which we know to-dav as Dalhousie Square. Slowly the little tow n grew year by year, one family after another came out from Old France, and one home after another was founded in the new settlement. From the line of houses between the Fort and the Hotel Dieu along the northern side of whit afterwards became St. l\iul street, growth was made upwards on the western side of St. Sulpice street towards the present Place d'.Armes. It is impossible in this sketch even to outline the greatness of the services and sacrifices which M. de Maisonneuve made for his beloved colonv. Mis re- ward must have been in his own brave conscience, for when he left his Ciovern- ment in Montreal in i()()5, by permission \>'i M. de Tracy, to attend to some family atTairs in France, M. Dupuis, the Town-Major, was appointed in his stead dur- ing such time as the \'ice-Roy deemed necessary. For tw( no reward,! charge in for its grov he took nol Frill, wluHi The So sought tlii'l " went to " .Maisonni " ('n'//ii/iii\ "that he l| " those in "come Iro " open for "and he ri should sup returned wi This is years of his sacrifices fo servant retii remainder o Afti:k ( voted Raph: 1641, share exposed hii was killed i a strength t 0( his I Canada as ; /'/(I)// itu (Ut and vciiycr i letters oi lu Dollier i his skill wit tive of his c narrative is iinly a lad o was about t I n I (J3 1 , and were ai taining pen TRADK SOUVENIR A UMBER. Hor twenty-five lonjf and arduous years he had laboured at his post seeki.v M«is„„„euve. no reward, asking; no honours, and had accompMshed his work in leavinjr his charge .n such condition that it needed but a continuation of his fatherly care for ,ts «:rowth. l-very credit in Canada that he held was dispensed in charitv. he took noth.n,. away but the lov e of his people, and his old bodv-servant, l.ouis I nn wlu,m the Su-ur Morin tells us. '• ii le servait plus c,u' il n'en etai, servi." Ihe Su-ur nour^a.o,s tells us how when she went over to Paris in M.70. she ••u^n 'V"l" '"^^''"^". '^>- "- -■'^'- "■'••- morning atter nn arH^.I I utnt to the Sennnary o. St. Sulpice to ascertain where I mi^dit'.ind M. de la.sonneuve He lod^^.l in the Kosse St. Victor near A. PIK ,.■ la Dor,rnn- r..™and ,t was late belore . arrived. I, was only a feu davs be/ore this t . t he had (urn.shed a small room, and had buil, a hut after the manner of those m Canada so that he mij^ht have accommodation for those who mi.^ht come trom .Montreal. I knocked a, the door, and he himself came down to and he recened me w„h the .neatest pleasure." He insisted tha, his ,n.est should sup w,th hm. m ,he ral.anr, and he hastened to the nearest wine-shop anc returned wnh a bottle of wine to supplement their simple repast. Th.s ,.s the last personal oli,,,,,,, ,,, ,„,.,, ^„. ^. ^^,^ ^ rcmainir.- >cars ot h.s hie h,s constant thou^^h, was for h,s colonv and lu n,ade rcpea 'l sacnhces tor „s sake. .After his death on the .,lh September, H.;.. his , Ltl ,u A I- rKK C homedey de Maisonncuve there was no man more unsellishlv de- voted ,0 the M.teres,s oi the little co'ony than his Ser,eant..Maior. Kaphael-Lambert Closse. He came out ,0 Canada with Maisonneuv i se'' -'s:;; ;": ^ ■ '": '^"■'^■''^^ ='"^' ^•'^'-'•-- ^^^ •>- --'v vear. C... wasi 1 > ■ " "■ •■ "'"■"""'■■ ""' "'^^■'•^^^■^■'- ^'-^K- threatened, anu va U.lle 1 „, act.on aKan.st the Iroquois .just as the new settlement was .. ini " a streni,nh that promised success to their elTorts. ^ ^ Oi his origin and family history we have but faint trac.s ; he came out to i:;;l:: of::;;;;;:: ^'"'^' '- '^ -^ -^^^-^-^ - '^-- "- ^- -- --'<-. ^ I'^:";-'- de Casson had a soldier's admiration for his unllinchin^ coura.e and - skd w.th the p,stol, and records many of his acts of prow ss 1, i ' h ' z:w:tzv'''' "" ""'^^^^'"" '^'^ '''-' •■^-•'"^ ''^''- '^' ^----^ on V hd of , . "■'■" '" '""' '' "'"'"'' y^'-''^' y^' "-' «-' "^''t he uas ;:2 ^!:; t::;::z """'' " ''- - ^•^^•' '-^ ^'^ ''- "■- ^''" -^^^ ^-^-^ In .65,, when all were expectin.^ M. de Maisonneuve's return from iM-mce and were anx.ous for news, he volunteered to descend the river u d ul h tatnn,, permission, escorted Mademoiselle Mance in sa.eU ^s i:'' J-H.^ 'iOARD OF TRADE SOVVENIR . Cx-'f. UiwM's. lioi\' iilarniiiij^f new s of lio?Nlili.' liotnuii> was liearJ ami as Montiial wiuikl ho tlio probable point of attack, he kft his v.hai^V' in oaro ot tlio (ioveiiior of I'lirco Ri\L-rs, I^iipli'ssis-Moiliarti, who was about staitint; lor (Jiicbcc with a stroiit; escort ; thereiipon C'losse retiirneil in all haste to Montreal, where his mere presence brought a sense i>l security to the anximis inhabitants. in (."October of ihe follow iny year when the country was swept by roxins^' bands of Imlians ami \\o man's life was safe, even within llie town, Lambert (.'losse bokliy atlackeil ami ilefeateil about twohumlrecl Irotpiois, with a toree numberini; only twent\-four. lie ami his men were closely surroundeil in a small house, and although they were able to hokl their own ami their hea\ y tire tokl terribly on the besiei^ers at such ck>se ipiarlers, their ammunition began to fail. Once this i;a\e out they could no longer hope to keep back the howlinj,' crowd about them, and in this extremity C'losse calleil lUie of his men aside and told him his expedient. 'Ihis man, liaston, celebrated for his runnmi;- pvn\ers, at oncij ai^reed to the Major's plan. All were ordered to loail afresh and after embracin}; the couraijeous messeni;er, Closse 0|ieneil the door and under cover of their united lire, Hastoii rushed oul, succeeded in breakinjj;' throuj^h the enemy and reached the b'ort in safety , from whence he soon returned with eight or ten men and two light field pieces. .\s soon as he came in sight the little garrison raised .a shout of victory and redoubled their fire, the guns were quickly placed in position and in a few moments tlie !roi.|uois were driven otV with a loss ol over twenty killed and man}' more wounded. .After relatingthis action, Dollier de C"asMin says : " In connection with this "it is luting 1 should say a word touching M. C'losse, who is known to all as a " man o( perfect courage, generous as a li^in, the friend ot all true stildiers, and " the sworn enemy of poltroons. If on<: had the care to write down all the " brave feats which he erstwhile performed \early in this place, he would record " so man\ eulogies; "or he was everywhere, and everywhere performed won- " ders, which my carelessness in vvi iting dow n, has caused me to leave in the tomb " as well as many others, but which will be brought forth from their resting- " place some day by an arm less feeble than mine, and by a hand more capable " than that which labours at this history." He seen ed absolutely proof against fear of any personal danger, and in his position of Major of the Tinvn considered it his duty to be first in the field, hold- ing hislile as an offering to God in this particular service. It is dillicult for us in these peace-loving days to realize the spirit of absolute devotion which gov- erned such men. Dollier c'e Casson records that Closse, on being warned by some friends a short time before hisdeath that he would certainly be killed if he continued to expose himself so cons'antly, replied : " (ientlemen, I but came " here to the end I might die forCiod, serving him in arms. Did 1 believe that I " should not so die 1 would leave the country and serve against the Turk rather " than be deprived of such a glory." Here again we meet with the ghost of the Crusades. it is no wonder that such a man won the admiration and the following of the br.'ivehearts about him, and his years of residence in the l'"ort with M. de Mai- si>iineuve i these iWvt I'or mi safely of tl enriching years of a firmly root times tried munity as ' that we fir acteristic V in the Ouebec, ki ance o\\ th render no escort, wh Once tl in killing o to draw M just returi utmost coi up to the I alongside raise their once secur but i.ambc I.e.Moyne < held in ch^ (irand .\rn landed a li marched o he agreed The \vi Messier, S man know iieved to Isle aux O their famil We car result of t own peopli The foL to regard 1 with peculi liad escape After p; TRADE SOVVENfR i\l MUKR. n suMiK'uvo must li;i\o inade a cli'so hoiul oi Iriciulsliip aiul i.onrn.leiico between ^-"'"^''f- IIK'sO IWM lic'VUtCl-l MK-n. I'or iiiiiii) years C'lossc was M. Jc Maisunneiivo's priiuipal support for the silcly ^^'i tlio colony. As ilisintLTosteil as his L-omniandor, !'>• ''.cillier lliouyht of enricliiii}^ liiinself hy trade or seeking ilie repi>se y^i family life unlil sixteen years of eonslanl labour had won some results in a ^rowinj,^ population and a (irmly rooted colony, lie ser\ed nij^'ht and day at^ainst the enemy, and in quieter times tried to turn his unpractised h;ind in the more peaceful labours of the com- numity as t'ierU of the Cirelfe <.A .Montreal, a task so dilVicull for this born soldier that we fmd the jjreater number of deeds durinj,"- his term of otlice in the char- acteristic handwriting o^ the (iovernor. In the sprinj^ oi 1(133 the lroi.|uois swept down ^^^n the Isle tiiix Oii:,, below Ouebec, Uillinj,'- the settlers and laying; waste the country, with but little resist- ance v>n the part o'i the inhabitants, who were so .--cattered that they cuuld render wo effective help. The victors sent oil their prisoners under a small escort, while their main body mo\ed on to Montreal. OncQ there they conducted themsehes with the utmost boldness ; succeeded in kiHinj,"- one man in an ambuscade, and, under pretence of a parley, endeavored to draw M. de Maisonneuve into their reach. Hut Charles J.eMoyne, who had just returned from Quebec, prevented his fallinjj into the snare and with the utmost coolness, went alone in his canoe to meet two bra\es wlu> paddled close up to the l-'ort with a captive luij^lish boy between them. When he was close alonjrside he dropped his paddle and catchinj;- up his pistols forced them to raise their paddles and so drift into shore with the current, where they wtre at once secured without a strui^jjle. This feat brouj^^lu the Indians down in force, but Lambert Closse was placed with his musketeers aloni,'' the shore and he and I.e.Moyne charj^ed the enemy with such vitjor that they were driven back and held in check while a parley was agreed on. The celebrated Irocpiois Chief, (irand .\rniee, approached in his canoe, flyinjj a lar^e white banm r at her bow, landed a little above the Kort and demanded to see tlie prisoners. They were marched out before him and when convinced of the j,'ood faith o( the French, he ai^reed to an exchan<;-e and tlrt- rthite captives were brought forth.- The waitinj;' inhabitants recoj^ni/ed amonij them their townsmen, Michel Messier, Sieur de St. Michel, and (lilies Trottier, the Indian interpreter, also a man known as I.aPerle, who had disappeared from Three Rivers and was be- lieved to have perished, and four little twirls, survivors of the massacre of the Isle aux Oies. They were ICli/abeth and Marie Moyen, the only survivors of their family, and Marie and Genevieve Mocari. We can easily imai^;ine the anxiety with which the captives had awaited the result of the nej^otiations, and the joy with which they were received by their own people. The four ijirls were taken charge of by Madamoiselle Mancc^ who soon grew to regard Klizabeth, (or, as she was usually called and always signed, Isabella), with peculiar fondness. The girl was of an age to fully realize the horrors she had escaped and to feel the full joy and meaning of deliverance. After passing through such an ordeal it is not surprising that she dreamed of 'f ' \-\ \ :: i : I J /:i\lA'/> (>/' I'KAni-: son n.X/h' A ll \ MfiNTHl^AL. IN ISOO. I'tom an ori;^iiKil ^Isttcli liy Kiihard I)illijii. taktii tVoni ri<.\ni-: soi i /.w//: .\( 'Mr.r.i:. >. . - / .ion'1'hi-:al. in isoo. Iiy Kiiluircl Dilluii. taktii tioni Si. 1 It-lcii'-. I-laml. M0NTREAL AND SOME SE THE BY \\II,IJ,\.\i .\I.-Li:XN BY I.Wi .\I.>Li:XXAN. i E er THE ffiAnERS THEREOE * S ' I ^hild cf the hope cf ncbic hcurU, fl>rcLii)ht into bcincj "thrciicjh -suv^rifkc (J)f nicn and women wrho plcujcd their pc "^nd counted not their liv^e-s u-s the -§he hcus (^rown in her -strcn l^euth her crc\K'n of '^nd i>tun^-s in ^he 1^0 s«pptefei \^ rhc plcujcd their pur+-s ^t llicir livrc-s u-s the priv^c •. cjrcwn in her AiireiHjth like a [Northern (^ucen :uth her »:rc"'vv'n of li(^ht and her robe c"^f :^nc\^, '^nd ^stun^-s in her becuitv) ftiir between ^he l^cvjul l^ciint anb the l^ivrer bc\c\\^ tiXi^tXnVttm -^'^ BOARD OF TRADE SOUVENIR 1 Ii..llai>!. Morj^cres, ile l\ij;auville, Major of Tliroe Rivers, and loft a family of' eii^lit cliiltlreii and one of her descendants, Pierre Fortier, was in possession of Isle Mizard and of the St. Paul street iiouse in 1781. IN the little church oi the Hotel Dieii, at the corner of St. Paul and St. Sulpice streets, in the early morning oi the iSlli April, i(>(x), Adam Dollard des Ormeaiix with his sixteen devoted companions heard their last mass and received their last communion before departint;' o\\ their forlorn hope. Ivven alter the tlis;ht of more than two centuries we cannot listen to the ijlorious story \>i their self-devotion, without a stirrin,^;" oi the pulses and a heit;htened pride in the annals of our country ; a feelins;' in which all ditVerence of ori'i^'in is forij;^c)tten in oiu' common admiration of our country's history. The Iroquois were sjfatherini;' in ijreater force than e\er and a determined ellort was to be made to sweep the invaders back to the sea over which they had come. News K>i the mo\ ement w as broutjht in by wandering traders and t'riendlv Indians and the fears of the inhabitants were confirmed by the confes- sion wrung by torture from a capti\e in tlie deatli agonv at Quebec. There, all was terror and consternation, even defence seemed impossible. Tliree Rivers was in almost as detenceless a position, and Montreal stood in the vanguard without fortifications, without troops, without anytliing but the unwavering courage of her intrepid (iovernor C'homedey de Maistinneuve with his Town .Major Lambert t'losse, L'iiarles Le Moyne, Picote de Helestre, and tlie young Commandant K-^'i the (larrisiin oi the I'ort, Adam Dollard Sieur des Ormeaux. Hollard iiad come out to Montreal in the autumn oi the preceding year, and according to M. l-'aillon had held a command in the army in l'"rance. His hand- writing shew s him to ha\c been a man of education and his rank of Commandant oi the (.iarrlson of the Fort is established in the iiublic actes oi the time. He proposed to the (iovernor to call for \olunteers to push as far up the Ottawa as possible and there meet the enemy ; and, after mucli generous opposition from his seniitrs, left with his little tollouing. His companions were: Jacques Brassier, aged J5 ; Jean Tavernier dit La Lochetiere, armourer, j ; Simon (irenet, ..'5; and l-'rancois Crusson dil Pilote, 24. Tlie 1-ieginning of Ma_\ found them encamped wiliiin a ruined f\irt at or near a spot now known as (ireece's Point at the foot oi the Long Sault. Here they were ioined by two bands \?ii hulian allies; the first ciMisisting of thirty-nine Hurons under Anontaha and tiie otiier tliree Algonquin braves under Miliwemey who, anxious to prove their courage, had been reluctantly permitted by .Maison- neuve to follow and join Dollard. Thev were barel\ installed before the advance canoes oi the enemy came in si"^ht, and unfortunately as the I'"rench itpened fire at too great a distance to be efl'ective so the enemy little fort 1 the little gri the constaii breaches 11 inconvenier were not [ constant ta and old An to seek sa man waver were well i more warri On the the Iroquoi .-ager to d allotted hir at a given in resistles; back and t after vollev thev swan charged a to hurl it ii palisades ; story of til Hollier de " each one " heart, pe '■ our peof " which n " there in '• killed hii " and in tl " hand an " the enen " ^^'i killin " general " hail oi r " before c " butchers " were no " for their " they coi " who wei " who wei I If: TRADE SOUVENIR NIMBER. effective some of the Iroquois escaped and reported their presence, whereupon noiiard the enemy came on in force. A jjonerai onslauijht was at once made on the little fort but only to fail. Day after day, niijht after nis,du, for a whole week the little j,'Hrrison withstood the constant attacks and alarms, only resting- from the constant lij^-htinij;- to join in prayer, to relieve the wounded and to repair the breaches made durinj^ the last assault. The fort was all too small, but this inconvenience was removed by the constant desertion of the Indian allies who were not proof at^ainst the oilers of desertion made by the enemy and their constant taunts and threats of torture. Ail deserted save the four .M^onquins and old Anontaha, who fired his pistol at his nephew as he leaped over the wall to seek safety with the besiej^ers. In spite oi all the horrors about them, no man wavered for an instant and the defence was si> desperate that th2 Irociuois were well niijh disheartened; but the arrival o'i a tresli force oi live hundred more warriors forced them in very shame to renew tiie attack. On the eii,'hth anil last day ^.^'i the sie.i^e solemn preparations were made by the Iroquois ; l,Us were drawn for the attackintc pnrty and every brave who was .•ai^er to display his courage stepped forward and picked up the twitj which allotted him a post of danger in the attack. The death sont; was chanted and III a ijivcn sijj^nal the Indians swept over the open space a... . ushed on the fort in resistless nur ibers. In spite of every effort the s^allant defenders were beaten back and the Iroquois stained commanil oi the loop-holes and poured in volley after volley teariuij- and cuttini;' at the weakened palisade until it j^ave way and they swarmed round the irmer defence. As a desperate expedient Dollard charged a heavy musquetoon to the muzzle and lighlinj,' a Ions,'' luse attempted to hurl it into the midst oi the enemy. I'nfortunately it caut,'lu o\\ one of the palisades and burst killiui;; and woundiiiij many i>f the little t;arrison and the story of their last strui^t^le cannot be belter told ihan in the simple language of Hollier de t'asson : " True it is," he writes, "in spile o[ this misforlvme, though " each one defended his post with sword stroke and jiistol as if he owned a lion's " heart, perish he must. Daulac ( Hollard) was at lenglii killed, but the courage of '• our people held ever to the same resolve, all rather envying so good a death, "which none dreaded. If a picket gave way at one point someone le.'iped " there in an instant, sword or axe in hand, killing and slaying all he met until " killed himself. At last our men being nearly all dead ihey broke down the gate " and in the\- rushed in a crowd ; iIumi the rest oi ours, w ith sword in the right " hand and dagger in the left, began to strike m\ all sides w itii such fury that " the enemy lost all thought of taking them prisoners in the necessity they saw "^ oS. killing as quickly as possible tiiese few men, who in dying threatened a "general destruction should they 'lot haste to slay them, which they did by a " hail <:^'i musketry under which our people fell on the multitudes the\ had slain " betore dying. After these furious volle\s k:^v\ the few who survived, these " butchers, seeing all laid low, rushed incontinenlly upon the dead to see if there " were none who yet breathed and who migiit be saved lo render them capable " for their tortures later on. But though they looked long and turned every body, " they could find but one who was in a state to serve their end and two others " who were 'c^w the point of de.'Uh whom they straightway threw into the fire but " who were so far g\>ne that thev had not the satisfaction <>{ thus adding to their ,11 il4 , i i \ \ 1 i 1 ( 1 1 1 li I') >< 5'^ ' iH '^ ^ tC, /I (.'.I A'/) OF TRADE Iricii ;iii Oii^iiiil >kiu-ii liy Kiiliniil Dillon JiOAK/} OF TRADE SOi'lKMR MWHiER. V, v.. V ;nnl ^kilcli l.y kirhnni Dillon, l.iUrn :i..m llu' (in.iimU ot ■' Hiav, r ll.il'." HOARD or JRADE SOUl ENIR lu.iiaKi. " siiireriiii^s. As to liiin who could he made to siifVer w lien lie was well enough " to bear their cruelties, one cannot tell of the tortures they made him endure, " neither can one express the wonderful patience he shewed in his torments, " which excited the rai;e of these cruel men who could invent nothinjj: so barhar- " oi.s nor so inhuman that this i^lorious victim could not triumphantly bear. As " to Anontaha and our four Alj;onquins they merit the same honour as our " seventeen Krenchmen. inasmuch as they fouj^ht like them, dit d like them, and, " as seeminijlv, like them they were Christians and bore themselves holily like " them in this action, with tliem they would i^o into Heaven." A month afterwards the news was brouijht to Montreal by one i>f the Hurons who had escaped from tlie tortures with which the Iroquois rewarded the deserters but with the dreadful story came the assurance that the sacrifice had not been in vain, that the Iroquois had returned disheartened and dismayed and the reiijii of terror was over. The heroic defence of this little fort and the solemn sacrifice of these brave li\es is the crowning' glory oi Canadian annals. Alone and unassisted in the depth of the wilderness, without any of the stirring pomp and splendour of war, unseen by those for whom they laid down their lives and surrounded by all that is terrible in savage warfare, no one faltered, no ow^^ gave way, until the victory oi the vanquished was won and the country saved from the destruction that seemed inevitable. />. There are but few particulars to be gathered of the individuality ot these heroes. Rene Doussin Sieur de Saiiite Cecile was a man of some standing who possessed property in Montreal and lodged in the house of Jean de Saint Pere at Pointe St. Charles with Jacques Morin, and amongst the debts due by him we find the sum of nine livres part o'i a larger sum due by Dollard for which he had become surety. lacques Boisseau dit Cognac was poor in worldly goods, for when iiis inventorv was taken they were found to consist ot : Cn meschant matelas 50 sols Cn meschant chappeau gry avec un mesciiant cordon de faux 30 s*-''^ I'ne meschante paire de mitaine de castor faiie de plu- siers morceau .iiul his debts amounting lo 25 li\ res S sols. On the 18th April, Jean X'alets appeared before Maitre Hasset and declared that being about to leave with the Sieur Dollard against the Iroquois, " and not knowing iunv it will please Clod to dispose of him during the said time," volun- tarily constituted his friend Jean Pichard, with whom he lived at Point St. Charles, as his universal heir in the eveiU f \'ille Marie. In the glamour which romance has thrown over our early historv it is dilhcult at lirsi to see beyond and realize that apart from the heroines who defended forts, escaped from Indians, and fought like men at need ; .ipart from the heroes who alternatelv faced the Iroquois, the Hollander and the ICnglish, and apart from the explorer and the adventurer who filled the waters and woods of the wilderness with his story, there were men and WDmen who remained at home wi>rking as lahorii>usly and unceasingly as if all outside were at peace and thus giving to the colony that consistency and uniformit) without which the struggles and victories <\'i their more romantic brothers and sisters would have ended in wo tangible result. It was about the year i<\>y when the hearts oi f lioiioiiihlc honniif, Jctin /iiissii, ^'' Mditrc Joiictir dc Liit dts l\i_ircs dc la C/iaiiihir dii Koy" and of Dame Cath- erine Coiidreau his wite were gladdened by the birth of a son whom they thank- fully named " Ik'iiignus," Menigne. The boy grew .and thrived in his home in the rue Neu\e St. lionore, aiul as he advanced, shewed such aptitude and capacity that he w rote a clerkly hand at an age when almost boys are barely beyond " pot hooks and hangers ; '" and at an age when almost boys are still in leading strings little Henigne was on the high seas to seek his fortune in that New France o'i which there was much talk in I'aris in those days. It is extremely probable that M. de Maisonneuve had met the boy's lather, who from his position was attached to the Court where the founder i>f the new colony of \ille Marie made known the wants of his foundation to the King and his ministers ; and, impressed by the qualities of the lad, urged the opportunities i>f advancement in a new country where his acquirements would be fulh' valued. The boy was not more than fifteen years ol" age when he lelt home, and as his familiarity with legal terms and forms must have been actpiired by some experience in an ollice, and as he had picked up some elements o^ surveying, W\> training must lia\e been begun earlv and his imlustrx' and capacit\ been far beyond the average. The (Ircffc rf .Montreal was in sad want of some competent director, the Asssociales had never obtainetl the services of a Notary, and, so tar. no on^: had been appointed as Cirellier. Nicolas Ciastineau, the first cdiiiiii/s, or clerk to the (IretVe wrote a beautiful hand, but the extreme brevity of his deeds hardlv indicates a legal training and his successors, jean de St. I'ere and Lambert C'losse, were far more accustomed to the sword than the pen. Indeed main o'i the early deeds were draftetl and entirely written by M. de Maisonneuve and merelv signed by the coniiiiis. Basset arrived in Montreal in i()f,4 (M. Soulte says in 1647, but 1 have not been able to certify this) and was probably at once employed in the CirelVe to which he was appointed mniiiiis in i()57 and assumed full charge, began a proper or TRADJ: SOL \ h.MR XlMni-.R, t ni^ht and in^f sumiiior lit palisiiik's Jor I lie very (ircfficr anil iislnrv It IS eroincs who apart iVuni [lie ICnj,'lish, » and woods remained at ■re at peace hoiit which sters would lam lidssi/. Dame (ath- they thank- his home in ptitude and ; are barely >ys are still tune in that loy's lather, r of the new ie Kin^' and pportiinities Id he fully .^ lel't home, en aci.|uired elements o^ iilustry and nl director, ) lar. no iine ■, or clerk to eeds liardK' id Lamhert eed main' ot mneuve and t 1 ha\e not he tire lie to ^aii a proper Kepertoire and arr;iiii4eil the paper i^iv en into his care, It i-^ dilVuult li> deter-"'"'" mine what the requiri-ments ol ;i Notary then were, we find lias^et sii^niiiL; him- self as such in ih^iS when still under aj^e. It is prohahle that he held the posj- tion o^ Notary to the Seij^nieurs aiul could not exercise his proli'ssion outside of their possessions, for he was not .appointed as Notary Koyal until he had at- tained the required a^^e of twenty-live years. |{\ careful searchinj^ throu^'h the laileil documents over which he anil others laboured two hundred loii^- years a^o, we may here and there catch indications of the character of the man, and can trace the faint outlines ot his life. Mis was a life o( patient, hard work, be^uii in early youth ami continued without interruption until within a lew days of his death. His reward was the help and alVection of a loving wife, the respect and esteem of his fellow citizens and the happiness of a man whose record was i^ood. He won neither wealth, fame nor a place in our history, yet his life was successful and he beipieatlied to his children a fair name and to his profession the priceless traditions of honour and intef^rity. His success was all the more admirable in that it was ^^ained bv his unaided etVort, without wronjj to others less fortunate in the struf^'^rl^, and owinj;- nothinjjf to the blind chances oi fate. From the first he had faith in himself, tor, despite his measure income, he dared to risk tli > future and ventured to ask Jeanne N'auvilliers, who like himself was i'aris born and bred, to share his fortunes. His suit was successful and his choice fortunate, for in his youni;- wife he found a faithhil companion who proved unfailing,'- in her support during- the slruj^ijle oi their early married life. The sififiiin^ oi the .Marriaije C\>ntract was a very formal and important ceremony in those days, the position of the bride and i;room beiiii; imlicated by the number and rank of the personajjes who assisted in its execution. As there was no other Notary in the new settlement M. de Maisonneuve speciallv appointed Mederic Bourduceau, who then represented the C"ompa_L;-nie des indes at Montreal, to act, and when the contract was ready for sii^nature, all the principal dij^nitaries ol the little colony slathered totjether to do honour to the young notary and his bride in the Audience fliamber o( the I-'oit, on the eveninj,r of the 4th No\eniher, ii>5ii. There was Messire tiabriel Souart, the Cure ,ind lirst schoolniasler of Montreal, who was later on Second Superior o'i the Seminary, a man o'i wonder- ful eneri^y, who devoted his considerable fortune to the furtherance o\' the colony. I ouis d'Ailleboust de C'oullaii_i,r<.s, l"ormerl\ tunernor Cieneral, Paul de Chomedy. Sieur de Maisonneuve, (iovernor o'i .Montreal. C'hirles d'Ailleboust des .Musseaux, Lambert L'losse, /acharie !")upuis. ami others, on the part o\' Maitre i^assel ■ while the bride was supported hv .Madame d'Ailleboust de Coullani,>-es, .Madamoiselle Mance, Jacijues Le Mer and Charles l,e Moyne. .And .Madame d'.Ailleboust and her husband supplemented the weddint;- portion oi the bride by the handsome present of three hundred livres in furniture and household ooods to help the yount:;- couple on their wav. In the following: year Maitre Basset, who had then attained the full aye of twenty-one years, was advanced to the position o^ (ireflier, and doubtless received a welcome addition to his salarv. liiWh'D OF TRADE SOUVENIR "»'""'• \\\' liiul iihiiruiiinl i.'\ iik'iK\' ol liis iiuliislr\ in lii>» ilmiliU' itoIoss'idii, I'll!! iIk' Iocs vwTv.' vory mihiII, there wt'io i.\'itMiii (.liiugcs iiKiiii.'Ul i>ii his pioinnlion as liii'lVicr, ;(iul llK'i'i'st of livinj,' in \\ inloiiy <\\\ nlV iVdin Iho Mulhor L'oiinlry lor six months in the year was a severe strain on his resoiirees. l''oMiinalel\ Mailanu' IJassel's people in I'Vanee were coinlorlahly oil, ami llieir assistance in the sliape i>l nierchaiuhse, \v hiih eoninianileii a lianijsoini' prolil in the new eolony, was most opportune. A lew vears later our Notary j;ralerully aeknow ledges iheii help in a lormal ileeil in favour of his wife declaring' their eomnumity is inJebieil to her in the sum <^i lit'teen huiulreJ livres so rei\i\ecl "without whiih we would ha\e greatly sull'ered." .\llhout;h a man oi peace, Maitre Hasset reei>^iii/eil his ilul ies as a eiti/en and took his place in the " Militia ol the Holy h'amily." organized by M. de Maisonneuve in i()t>.^ tor the defence of the town and served in the same squail as his tricnds Jacques l,e Her and Charles I.i Moyne. When tile C"ompany oi the Hundred Associates was suppressed by the Kini;' in itj()^ and the C'ompanx o'i Montreal abiindoned its ihnrj,'-e in turn, a formal deed oi donation was j^^anted by the latter in favnur o\ the Seminary I'f St. Sulpice which accepted the charge. M. de .Me/y, then lim ernor-Cicneral, al once erected the Island into a Stiicc/iniissc myn/r and n.imed .\rtus de Sail!; , |udL;e; Charles J.j .Moyne, I'rocureur du Koi, and Henij^nie Uassel, (irfjfiri rii ilicfii 'uU aire lie In Sniciliniissv. This the Seminary immediately resented, and on their part named Charles d'Ailleboust des .Musseaiix as Judj,fe and Uassel as Grcfficr dc In Sfinr/initssc rovn/c, Xofniir nival r/ nini mis i,n-,(lii'r f'dur /cs Sri^- iiiciirs. The (lovernor supported M. de l.a\al, w s not to be halUed, and on his visit cancelled Hasset'> appointment and nameil Nicolas de .Mouchy as tirellier and Notary. Hut after petitions and counter petitions had been sent to the ministers, at lens^fth the Seminary i^ained their point and l!eniyne Hassel was established in his olVice. Bv his acceptance he cast in his lot with the forUmes i>f the Mi>nlre.d part\, as opposed to that ol Ouebec, and his position in consequence was for a time somewhat precarious. The extreme Montreal party came in time to mean I'errol the tiovernor, Hrury his Lieutenant and olliers >\ 'pos • conduct even- tuallv brought them into contlict with the hii;her authoriti.^s a 'd as i'.asset was the only practisintj notary in the place, he tell into disj^rac. ihrough his clients. In 107^, he was suspended from the exercise of his funct;c.'!r or the term ot Itnir months; Caba/ier, a bailiff, was ordeicd to .icl durint;- his disi^racc, and the luift rlunate notarv was heavily lined. However uinm his representations to the Sovereign Council his line was reduced to twenty livres and his suspension shortened to three weeks, " le tout de t;r;ice et atendu I'extreme necessite de sa famille." He had refused communication o\' certain papers to interested parlies, had acted under the authorization o'( Perrot who had no powers, and is declared to ha\ e kept his papers in bad order. if this last chari^e were true, he must eertainlv have mended his w a_\ s for nothing could be more admirable than his lireffe as it now exists. .A few ve.'irs later he retired from his oHicial position as (Irellier ;ind Maitre TRADE SOUVENIR X I'M HER. i>» II, \>\\\ iIk' nuliiin as try lor six Mailaiiu' llu' sliapo t\k:\:<\ dratted b\ himself about this time we tiiul him described as "bourf,-eois " and he represented his t'rieiuls I.e Mer and I.e Moyiie as their aiiortiey in tiieir business Iraiisaclioiis. In his family life all went smoothly. Soon after his marriaj,^' the Sei(,'nieurs had made him a ^'rant oi land ow St. Paul street where the warehouses of Messrs. I.yman Sons iV Co. now stand, <>w condilioii that he should build and pay a triHin^r annual rental. Here he built a small house, iiere his eldest son was biMii and named jean alter his i;randfather, .iiid iiere the first lew sears oi their married life were spent. .\ few years later he acLpiired the properly at the head of St. Sulpice street and <;radiially saw the Parish Church tower alongside his humble dwelling'. Me was stronf,'ly attached to his wife, their seven bo\ s and j,Mrls },'rew up .about them, and, with the exception of one child who died at birth, their family circle was unbroken for nine of the hoys seemed tempted by the spirit of adven- ture abroad in those days. it may have been heredity, or, possibly a quiet habit ic^'i mind increased and t'ostered by the uneventful life in their peaceful home under the protectinjj shadow of the Parish Church, ever within sound of the holy oHice and the faint presence oi the incense minj.;lint;- with the summer sweets. They lived quietly tOLTetlier in their simple way witiiout any of the ex- citements so common in family life in those days when nearly every lad was an adventurer before he had properly finished with his dominie. One of the sons, Basset de Lij^-niere, took up the protession oi a surveyor, ;ind we tind his notes on odd slips of paper written in a stilT crabbed h.-md. Tiie Abbe states that the eldest boy, Jean, was drowned with a clerk oi M. de I. a .Salle named Ptolemey in i')7(), but this is an error as Masset speaks ot him as livins,-- in a deed dated i;,lh l'"ebruary, KiSi. .Xiij^'eliqiie, one oi the (.laui;hters who hail been educated at the Hotel Hieu and lon<^ craved admissiini as a member, w,is i^enerously provided by an unknown lad\ witii the required dot which her parents were unable to furnish aiul entereil that community as a nun. Only one of the famil\' e\er married, the second dauij^liter Jeanne. She, too, was inibuei.1 with the same cautious spirit as her brothers tor she did not venture o\\ the diU'iculties oi married life until she had reached the mature a!,^' oi sixty-one w hen s)ie became the bride of luienne lie .Mirav. Sieur de I'.Xruenterie, and accepteil the responsible position ^yi step- mother to his three j^rowii-up daughters. Basset was too conscientious a Cireffier not to respect liimself as an oHicial and insisted on being treated with the respect due to his position. In idfiD he obtained a judgment against Jacques de la Porte, a quarrelsome and foul- mouthed rufller, wiio had grossly insulted him and who had been in like trouble before. The iudgment was precise in its terms and sulliciently ample to assuage ' 20 BOARD 01' TRADE SOUl'ENn li/i/j//if/i/s t/J'//s Wt I I I ■ I f/ I A PAROISSC h L E SEMI N A IRE DES^ SIJl PICE I' LESJESUITES d LES flECOLETS c I- HOTEL DIEU f. LES SOEURS DEI A CONGfiEGATion !h CHAPELLE DEaON SECOURS It. L 'IIOPITAi )AU OEH^HSDE L ENCEIN TE . CHAPELLE SrC ANNF I J{f///////.>//.< /iN/jftf/ris H. PRISONS /. CORPS DE GARDE ///. BOlJLANGERIE II . HANGAR D DC LA CANOTERIE o. I»IAGA1I,1 OUROy I>- MAGAim APOUDRE 'I PLACE J'orh'x . r ■ PORTE DES RICOLETS S ■ ST LAURENT /. DE BEAUHARNOIS /' OE LA CANOTERIE X „ DE aOU^ERNEiyiENT '1 DU PONT ■/. OE LA PETITE RIVIERE A'. „ Oe LA CH/.yE Fnrtffinf//(>/i,\- /. BASTERRIE ROY ALE ■J BASTION ST Ml.fT/.y J . OF OUEBEC /. „ DE aO'l SECDURS J. DU GOUVERt^EI^ENT //. DU FOR-^ 7. DELHOPITAL .s. ST PIERRE n)(('.v t'cz-ZW of the first streets of the town, ran boundaries between neii^hbours, drew up their marriai^e contracts, their wills and inventories, copied and took chari,a' of v.'duahle papers which in less orderly hands would have disappeared and thus preserved tor us a detail of the social life of his dav which brings him and his surroundings betbre us with a reality otherwise unattainable. His busv career ended with the ceiitur\- in which he was born. Oti the <)th of |uly. iiK)i), he executed his last deed and left his work to watch by the bed- side of his laithlul wife. Before the month was out her life's work was ended and six davs later Maitre Benigne Basstt was laid to rest beside her in presence of " une grande affluence de personne de Km et de lautre sexe " as the ofliciating priest records in the parisli register. The last trace we find of the family is the sale of the old home in St. Sulpice street lo ihe Hotel Dieu in ijjj. One of the sons lived until 17.^7, and thus with otie hundred years the three generations which we know of the family Basset had all passed away and the name was extinct in New !•" ranee. * ^ * * * ■ 'HI Li'. Chomedey de .Maisonneuve with the assistance of his devoted fol- lowers was praving, lighting and labouring, day and night, for the ex- istence of the little settlement, whose future he saw with the eye of an inspired faith tar over seas in Lower liriltany. a lad of tender years was all unconsciouslv t"orming his life and character, destined on tlie I'laintiir on ■i own limes ices, ilatcd occasion at i^e o\ imbe- cs " l"or his well as his 1 lollowiiii;' liis bcloiii;"- Moync de .It promised .ial matters city to fullil romise was -four livres iiii^'ueuil. 1 ot Notary, o town, ran tiieir wills less orderly the social til a reality On the <)th by the bed- s ended and presence of J oHiciatinij St. Sulpice IS the three \:\.\ antl the devoted fol- , for the ex- le eye oi an ears was all play an im- portant part in the fortunes oi the new colony ; this was {•^\an^\iis l)ollier de [.'.'^'j|.|;^,|' '•' C'asson, born in i(\V'. luul, all the traditions of his family as well as his own in- clinations beiiii,'' military, he was trained from his earliest youth for the royal service in the liekl. At the aij^e of fifteen he entered the army, where he soon won the admiration and esteem o{ both comrades and superiors by his tj^-enial temper and darini^- courage under tire. Diijnilied and respectful towards his superiors, kindly and all'ectionate towards tlu)se of his own rank, of command- iiii;- hei.'jht and extraordinary physical streni;tli, he seemed peculiarly fitted lor a soldier's life. Indeed he loved it fondix , and in after years on many a nii^ht enlivened the cpiiet circle round the fire in the Old Seminary o^ Montreal intro- ducini,"- wider \istas of a more secular existence as he narrated to his tellow priests thrilliiii;- stories of his adventures in camp ami iield. One such story has ciMiie down to us. He used to lell how one day beins^' with his men under a heavy lire he suddenly became aware that one of the enemy's iiunners was in the act of applyint;- his match to a cannon trained directly on him. .According- to the military etiquette o'i the day to run was out of the question, to throw himself on the i^round was equally impossible. Instantly drawini;- out his hand- kerchief he dropped it at his feet, and, as he bent to recover it, the ball passed harmless over his head and it and his dii,niity were alike untouched. Such a man could not help lo\ in>^ his profession ; but just as success seemed opening before him, when he had obtained his grade as "Captain of Cavalry " and was high in the favor of the lireat .Marshall 'i'urenne, he threw up his command and entered the Seminary of St. Sulpice at Paris. This step was not taken until after long and serious retlection, but having once determined his future life he brought into it those same qualities which had made his success in the world qualities fully appreciated by his superiors, and, after passing his novitiate, he left i'"rance for Montreal where he arrived on the 7th .September, i()(56. His new profession had in no w.iy nar- rowed or lessened his genial nature and he carried into it a knowledge ol men and of the larger world, that was invaluable in the heterogenous community in which he was to spend his life, added to a trained courage that stood him in iTood stead on more than one occasion. He had scarcely been a week in his new quarters before he had an oppor- tunity oi proving both courage and training. When the expedition organized by .M. de 'I'racv against the iioquois passed upwards from Ouebec he joined it in his quality o^ chaplain and laughiiiglv says he there passed his novitiate in fasting. He tells how he tailed to save a drowning man, lirstly be- cause he was so reduced by constant starvation and want of sleep, and secondly because an impudent cobbler had shod him with worthless shoes and the stones on the shore were so uncommonly sh.irp that by the time he was in the water the man had disappeared. However his brave attempt was not unrewarded for a kindly |esuit "drew him apart and gave him a morsel o\ bread, seasoned with those two excellent sauces, on^: .Madeira and the other .\ppetite. The campaign was successful in every point and Dollier de Casson returned to Montreal in November with the victoriou'~ troops, strengthened for his work bv new experience, but sutlering trom a swollen knee. ii i !i ■m \i HOARD OF TRADE SOUVR Uollier ile Cassoii Hcloiv lie had lecin i-ietl he was appoinled by M. Soiiart, his Superior, to re- pair to the distant I'ort of St. .\iino on Lake Champlain where the soldiers were dyiiiL;' of scurvy wiliiout iIk ministrations of the Church. \o escort was pro- vided, Ste. Anne was se\enty-live miles from Montreal and the wav thereto was swarmiui;' with foes. lie was still sulVeriui;- sexerely from his knee and, as the rule o'i Or. Sans^rado still obtaine', the treatment prescribeil was naturally bleediiii^-. Weakened by starvation and faiii,nie he fainted under the ordeal, but on his re- covery from the swoon overheard two soldiers talkini;- oi their journey to the Kort at C'hambly. Here was his opportunity ; '-(iive me a day and I'll ijo with you," he called out and on his prayer beinj;- s^ranled he braveh limped forward with his little escort. In his journal we read how he withstood his painful sulVerinj^s on the daui^erous march ; how he saved the drownint,-- soldier whom no one else dared approach on the treacherous ice, and safely reached his destination where he preparetl the ioo<\ and 'i^i\ and attended to the sick and dyins;- men with his own hands. In spite of his labours man after man was stricken down and the little yarrison was i^rouinj;- smaller day by day, but M. de la Mothe who was in com- mand was as courai^eous as his Chaplain and one day met his morning's report with, " Look you, Sir, I shall ne\er surrender. I will i^ive you a bastion to hold," to which Dollier as t^allantly replied — "Sir, my companv is made up of sick men with the Suri;eon for Lieutenant but i^ive me wheelbarrows and we will carry them to the bastion you appoint. They have couraije now and will no Ioniser desert, as they did from \our compaiu to join mine." And so the dreary winter wore on until the sprini^- came with new supplies and new hopes to relieve the j^allant oHicer and the dauntless priest. The followiuij: winter Dollier de Casson spent amonj^- the Indians on the shores of the Bay of Ouinle. wiimini;- their confidence and preachinj;- his holy mission with that success which followed his eflorts throuijhout. One nii,Hil while en<^ai.jed in his devotions a yount,-- brave attempted ti> in- terrupt him with those obscene jests which proved so eHicacious on nianv an occasion, but he had no ordinary " black robe ' to deal with; without risint;- from his knees the soldier-priest shot out his rii;ht arm and the sa\ a_<;e i oiled ow the i^round amid the jeers of his fellow s who shouted in admiration: "There is a man !" Tales had been broui^ht down from the distant North West of many tribes in heathen darkness loni;ini; for tidings of the white man's Ciod. Rene Robert Cavalier, Sieur de la Salle, was all w\ lire to explore the country towards the (ireat River which he believed to empty into the X'ermillion Sea, and Dollier de Casson and his fellow priest (iaiinee joined the expedition. Parkman has told the story o'i their w anderinijs; how the priests left the explorer on the northern shores of Lake I^rie near where Hamilton now stands, how they visited the Jesuits at Sault Ste. Marie and returned to Montreal the followini^- year In the Ottawa. The succeediro- summer he accompanied M. de Courcelles as almoner in his G II > or TRADE SOUVRNfR NUMIiKR. ■Mipenor, to re- e soldiers were scort was pro- ay thereto was le rule of Dr. •ally bleeding, but on liis re- journey to the nd I'll i^o with imped forward ferinj^s on the me else dared tion where he 1 with his own I and the little lo was in com- irn ilia's repttrt u a bastion to is made up of rrows and we now and will 1 new supplies St. Indians on the rhinj;- his holy templed to in- on many an uitluHit risint;- \ aj^e tolled ow tion : " 'I'here at' mat!}- tribes o explore the the X'ermillion he expedition, ft the explorer nds, how th en- tile followini^' idmoner in his expedition to the Bav of Ouinte and on his return was appointed Superior o'i ihe ""Hiei dt j_, .,.,,' . ' ' ' Cas-oti, ^seminary of St. Sulpice at .Montreal, a position he honoured tor o\er twenty- four years. Whether it was the clash of swoids in a public brawl, the crash and fall oK burning- buildinj^s, the dangers of the trackless wilderne'-s antl treacherous Irocpiois. the insolence of I'errot the (iovernor, or the more tormidable ani;er y:>i Frontenac, Dollier de t'asson carried throut;li what he conceived to be his dutv with a modest unninchiny courage that won respect from his opponents and di- vot ion from his friends. His History of Montreal from 1640 to 1672 is the most precious chronick of the tim,- that has been preserved. It was written, he tells us, for the delecta- tion of the invalids of the Seminary in Paris "to fill a few of those hours which Messieurs your Doctors and .Ajunhecaries iXo not permit you to de\ote to more useful employ." h'ull of incident and pictures oi e\ ery day life told in the simple. straii;htforward manner of a man but little accustomed to the niceties o\ the pen, a want he frequently laments, it is enlivened throuijhout with touches of his quaint and genial humour which help to make the man so real to the careful and intelligent reader. He had iilled the oHices of military chaplain, missionary, Cure ot (he Parish ol Montreal, and at the time of his death was Superior o'i the Seminarv. He died in 1701 and was buried in the old Parish Church in the Place dWrmes, having spent thirty-five years of his life in the service ^.•s\ his church and adopted country. Parkman describes him as "a good soldier without doubt ai the mess table in the field, and none the worse a priest that he had once followed the wars. He was of a lively humour, given to jests and mirth ; as pleasant a father as ever said Benedicite. The soldier aiul the gentleman lived under the cassock of the priest. He was greatlv respected and beloved ; and his influence as a peace-maker, which he often had occasion to exercise, is said to have been remarkable." (irandet, who knew him intimately, has left this loving testimonv of his character: " Throughout all Canada he had acquired universal confidence and esteem b\ his thoughtful tact, his generous iuid polished manner and by his easy and kindly conversation sustained by an air o'i good breeding, a carriage and dignity which without trick or afi'ectation softened all hearts and gave him an imposing authoritx which no one c. uld withstand. I lis peculiar quality was 10 render virtue attractive, his divine gift to gain hearts and draw them to Cod." CHARM'.S Le Moyne was born in Dieppe, in Normandy, in i6_'4, came to Canada in the service of the Jesuits in 1(141 . and five years afterwards settled in Montreal, as Indian Interpreter. His earlv life was one of charier r.e constant adventure and his absolute fearlessness and uncompromising integritv "**"•'"'*■ caused him to be greatly trusted and admired by the Iroquois. j;0.lND or TRADE SOU\ I-.NIR Miiviu 111 |ul\, itiD^, uliilc sliootini;' sinai! i^aiiie at Colo Sti'. 'I'luTCSc, lie was surrouiuk'i-l hv a band oi Imstilo Indians, and. alllunii;li quite alone, slunvcd si determined a front that there seemed a chance of liis escapinir, when lie eaui^ht his fool in an up-s^rowini,'- root and. before he could recover himsell, was made a prisoner in the hands K^i thai people who had often fell the weight of his arm. lie was carried olV in iriumiih, but his unfalterini;- couraije and his weit,^lity arijumenl, that torlure him as lliey mii^lu. his death would be bitterly revent,'ed. made such an impression upon his captors, thai they not only spa-ed his lile, but three months afterwards sent him back in safety to those who had loiii;- since i;iven up all hope. lie joined M. de t'ourcclles in his successful expedition ai;ainst the Iroquois in the followint;- vear. in which he led the Montreal contingent oi seventy men and was awarded the honorable. lhoui;li. dangerous position of the van-i,niard in the march, and the rear-i,'-uard in tlK-reUu-n; a duly so admirably performed that he and his men won the warm '.'irobation ^-^i the (lovernor, who atlection- ately called ihem his ctipoh hiu said if all his men had been of like stulV he would have been e\en more u ••• l. As a reco.i,Miilion tor these and oilier services lie received his patent ol nobility from the Kini,- in lOoS. .. ,d ^s therein qualified as the Sieurde l.onijueuil. which title he was known and ••le. .1 il he ijave his eldest son the bv >. iirectlv slvled the Sieur de Seii^iiorv o'( l,oni;ueuil and iherealter w Chateaui;ua\ . The first house built by Charles Le Moyne stood on the exact site now occupied by the warehouse of j. C. .Mackenzie .H: Co.. and was built close up to that of his brother-in-law Jacques Le Her. The lower part was <^i solid stone, above this rose the upper slory of heavy timber work built in with masonry and in front was the court yard surrounded by :i stroiii;- barricade ot stout pickets, closely joined. This modest dwel^mi,^ however, soon became too small for his rapidly in- creasing- family and the old house was extended lo more than double its orii^inal leni,nh by an addition built entirely of stone, forly-live feet lont;- by twenly-tou- feet wide, beint;- two stories hi^'h. with CLilarsand the inevitable hio;h pitched roof with its ijreal i,^arret. which insured such coolness in summer and a sate store-house for provisions in winter. Al the end of his warden next .St. Sulpice Street, stood another solidly built house of heavy masonry, called "La lardiniere," probably creeled at an earlier date as a place oi safely. C^n the opposite side of St. Paul Street, on land i,n-anted to Le .Moyne and Le Her in ihoo stood the warehouses, stores ,ind bakery owned by the brothers-in-law. His business and wealth so increased that at the lime oi his death in ibS^, besides his town properties, he held the concession at Point Si. Charles, the l--ief ofChaleaui,niay where he reserved a lartre demesne with a manor house and buildings ; the I'i'ef ^^^ Maricourt, or Isle Perrot, purchased from the late (iovern'or of Montreal, the l-'ief at Lachine w hich he and Le Her had acquired trom LaSalle. St. Helen's Island, Isle Ronde. and other properties near the city to the north of Crai-- Street, besides the valuable Sei-niory ol Lon-ueuil, with its imposinj,' manor hou-e, gardens, orchard, windmill and other dependencies, which he had i;iven to his eldest son Charles, in 1IXS4 : his entire estate H' i- TRADE SOV\ ENIR XiMBKR. •23 , ho was lunvcd sv 10 cauLjht IS made a f liis arm. ■i wcii^lity rovciis^ed, 1 his life, had ioiii;- .' IriKiuois only men i-ijuard in lortiMiiiod atlV'ction- [ like sluir patent ol" -onijucuil, t son the Sieur de [ site now I close up IS of solid It in with irricade oi rapidly i ti- ts orii^inal uenty-t'ou" ^h pitched and a safe St. Sulpice ailed "La ,-. On the I I.e Her in -in-law. th in i()S5, harles, the - house and ni the late d aci-iuired ear the city ;iiouil. with pendencies, itire estate aniountin;; to the handsome sum o\ more than us.ooo li\ res, u hich, allowmt,^ !;;,;«.',;^" -*■ for the dilTerence in \ahies, would amount to as many dollars tii-day. He was buried in the little church y.-^'i St. Joseph near by ow St. Paul Street, and his widow was left with a family oi thirteen children to be educated and developed into men and women worthy o'i the honorable name bequeathed to them by her dead husband. Ten of the children were boys, the eldest beins;- twenty-nine and the youni^er onlv two years of .iLre, and they without exception distin^niishetl themselves by their brilliant services alloat and ashore. 'l"o mention them in turn would merely be to i,Mve a Ions;- roll of ever recurrini,' actions on sea and land and an almost unvar\ing- list of victories. Instead of this let us follow the family lite in the old house in St. Paul Street in so tar as it is now possible. Their mother, Catherine I'rimot, must have been a woman <^i. sironi; char- acter for the subsequent career of her children shews the etTect k^\ iheir home trainint;'. She continued her husband's business, partly in partnership with .\ntoinc I'acaud, a merchant oi Montreal, and manai,'ed the fortune left her to such i;ood efl'ect, that when she died about six vears later she had increased it to over 141 ,000 livres. .;■- ■;, * * * Hl'lR rii;ht hand in all household matters, in training- and cariui;- for the children, and advisint;- her in business matters, was her fifth son iMancois, Sieur de iiienvillo, who was unmarried. Of the elder brothers, Charles Ri^.„viiif i. was liviui;- in his manor at Lonj,nieuil with his wife and family and hatl his con- stant military duties to perform, Jacques the second, Sieur de Ste. llelene, whose story we tell in another place, was also married and had his house in St. Sulpice Street near bv, but was frequently away on exp>ditions aj^ainst the Iroquois or the luii^lish. ' i'ierre, the third, Sieur d'lberville, was a sailor and seldom ;it home ; Paul, Sieur de .Maricourt. had nlso been away and was about to be married, and on Bienville, next to his mother, tell the responsibility o'i carino- for the vouns^er members of the family. The followini;lei;a:y taken from her Will shows her coniidei'ce in him, how faithfully he dischars^ed his duty and the careful watchfulness o'i the dyiiii,-- mother for the I'uture Vii her little ones : " To Francois l,e .Movne, Sieur de Bienville, one o\ the children o\ her " late husband and herself the sum oi i\nir thousand livres, without confusion ••to his share in the estate, as recompense as well lor the good " services which he has rendereil since the death <^ the late Sieur de Chateau- '• ou;iy ill ensurins^- and preservini,^ the propert\ of the succession in common '• with her and for those which he performs daily, as those which he will be •• bound and oblii;ed to render in the future for the same, by the same care '• which he has heretofore had for the property and advancement of all the "family, in brini^inj;- up his brothers, who are now of tender years, m the tear " and the service of Ciod, in sendint;- them to school to learn to read and write, " until thev are provided for by marriag^e or otherwise, and to maintain them it n ■\\ H -M />'(). I AW) OF TRADE SOl'VE '-■^$ii#M'^-^!rv^#^^^' MON■|•|^M•:.\L IN 1 l''ni:n tlir -krirh hy i'. OF TRAni-: s{)rvExiN .\c.\/n/-:h'. ^ sSk- jF- / MON■l■i^M•:.\L IN 1S;!(,). I'lon tlu' ^krli'h l>y I'.'iurli.-tlr. HOARD Ol' /h'ADK SOI I /-A'/ iiunviiie I. " acL-ordiiij^ [o tlieir rank witli the icvoinio i>r tlu-ir prupcrly." Aiul in i.iinsii.kM- atii'ii nf his ilutios he was In ho siippinlecl out o\' the i^eneial estate. Hiein ille iinineiliately assuiiieil his eliais^e ; sent the yoiint;er hoys to tlie school eoiKlueted hy M. Jean Jactiiies Talhot, opposite tiie Seminary in Notre l")anio Street, where he ami all his brothers had been ednealeil ; caused an inventory of" his mo her's estate to he drawn up, and made a partial ilivision ol her propeily anioni; tiie heirs, retaining the ok! family house as portion of his share, and here lived with an luitjlish servant named lirisel, which her nMster had sot'tenoil into " Cireselle," pri'bahl) a captive from some ol the New hini^land villages ; while the new house was allotted to his two sisters who li\ed there with their youni^er brothers I'p to the time of the father's death the family had been unbroken sa\e by the loss of a child who died at birth and all the children survived their mother with the exception of l'"ran^'ois Marie who was boiii in i. Hut scaicely had she passed away when |ac».|ues l,e Mo\ne de Ste. lielene, was wounded to the death in the defence of Ouebec ai;ainst the l''.ni;lish Admiral Sir William I'hipps, and died at thj Hotel Dieu thire in December, iCxio. As Ste. Helene had leased his house in St. Sulpice street to M. de t'alliere, then Cunernor o( Montreal, his youn^ widow aTul children were lixint;- in the family house. Althoui;h Charles their uncle, was appointeil tutor to the chil- dren, he li\ed at I.ongueuil, and we may take it I'or j^rantetl that Ste. Ilelene's death brouii'ht new responsibilities to l)ien\ille, the virtu.d head ol the family. The l^ii^lish were deleated at Ouebec under Phipps but the succeeding;' wititer was a bitter one for the colony; the whole of the preceilins;; yi.ar had been so occupied in constant attack and defence that the crops could not be properly attended to and the severities of the winter o( Kmio and iIlMv.UM- iv> lo the in W'tro aiiM'd an li\ ision lit ion 111 lii> icr iiMslcr u l'!n_L;l;uKl .Ml save liy K'ir motlier .aicclv hail i.lod 10 the im I'hipps, do C'aliiLM'o, liiii^' in the to the chil- e. Ilelene's 10 t'aniily. siicceedini;' ar liad been be properly idded to by ed sii^ns ot de C'alliere anil below nbles ; some h the usual carried off le set forth the {greater i\e Nations, r suspicious hat a secret t alarm was Sorel and ■om door to 1 oi soliliers, de Bienville. At daybreak on llie seventh ol June they ajiproacheil a small house in which ''i^iivillt.' a lew Iroquois liail loili^etl themseivis. 'I'hey surprised anil killed a party of ril'leen warriors who were sleeping near by " as soimdly as if there were not a l''rencimian in the country ' l'"erland says, ami then made their attack on the house. Here the resistance w as unexpecteilly strong ; attack alter attack was made ami repuN^'d with the same obstinacy. Mienville in the excitement o( the slruj^^le rushed up 10 a winilow and allempteil to torce a entrance but was inslanlly shot anil killeil. N'audreuil then succeedeil in setting' lire to the house and Ihe Iroijuois boldly attempteil to cut their wa; 'hroui;h their besiej^ers, but were killed to a man. The l'"ienih had sulVered a loss ot' six men besiiles the Sieur ile iJieiuille, w luise boily was borne back to .Montreal and there interred the same day with all the ceremonies belittinj^' his rank. Se\ en hundreil li\ res were expended in candies and many masses were sun^' lor the repose of his soul in Montreal and in Ouebec. The head of the little familv was once more renuneil by death, but his place and duties were assimied by his brother Maricourt who apparently now liveil with his brothers anil sisters. C'hanj,'es now came rapidly to the dwellers in the l-e .Moyne house ; in December, i6()i, Jeanne the widow of Ste. Helene, married .M. de Monic, a captain in the troops of the Marine and companion-in-arms of her late husband before Ouebec. Louis, one oi the yountjer bo}s, followed his brothers d'Iberville and Serit^'ny to Hudson's May and was killed in the attack on l-'ort Nelson in itH)4, at the aj^e of eii^hteen ; in Hecember o{ the same year, the eldest sister Catherine married Pierre Payen, Sei^nieur de Noyan, Chevalier of the Order of St. Louis and a member ol the house of Clia\oy, then in command oi the I'ort at Lapr.airie and went to live with her husband at his post ; Marie Anne, the remainins;' sister marrieil the Sieur de Chassaiifiie in ihtx) and after this the family broke up completely, the youn<^er boys enteiint^ on their careers under the able leadership o'i their older brothers and the Sieur de .Nhiricourt was the only representative of the family in Montreal for many \ears. About the \ear 1710, the laTnil\- house was sold by the heirs to .\ntoine Pacauil, their mother's olil partner in her trading;' \entures, but once more came into the hands of a member o'i the family in 1771), when it was purchased by the Honorable William lirant who married the widow oi the third Baton of Lonyueuil. W\l must retiu'n for a numient to i^lance at the career ot d'Iberville and thesecond iiienville, the most celebrated oi these distini^uished brothers. Pierre Le .Moyne, the third son, Sieur d'lber\ille, had been away from home D'ii,erviiie almost constantly since he was fourteen years old when he entered on his \on^ .uul brilliant career as a ^iranic-nKiriiic, that is, a midshipman, on one of the Kinjr's ships and at the ajije of twenty-li\e bejj^an his series of expeditions against the Knglish in Hudson's Bay. Two \ears later, in i()8.S, he was in command himself, and vear after vear w • i, i! I' V •■\ i 1! ; 36 /.'O.IA'/) or TRADE SOrVENi l.'IlillVilll Ik' ;illiuki.'il ;iiul lOiuiiuTcil oiK' pn-^l iiIUt ;iiuill\L'i-, Mirpiisint;' aiul I'lipluriiiL^' wssol aflor vcNst'l, unlil in iixij lu' ostablislu'il lor a liiiU' iIk' supix'matv o\ \\w l'"rv'iu'li tlaj;' in I'Ik'so (.'Xpoililions vwi'l' varicil with iMIkts aLjalnsi tlio l'!ni;li>.h si'ttli'iiu'iUs im ''k' lluilsoM, on iIk' loasl i)( W'U lini^lani,!, Sew louiulland and aj;ain^l the S|ianiaul ni Now Spain anil tiic Mississippi witii tlio saino iMU ai"vin}4' i,^oiKl lortuno ; Inil iiis rlKTisliL'tl tU'siri' Id Ii-mU a t'ori\' aj^ainsl I'.oslun was never f^iaiitioii. In writini,'- to liio Minister in i 7011 ^ettin^ forlii liis seiienie tor an attack ^^w that lity, lie says : " I '■ha\e siueeeileil at lliuKon's l!a\, at " I'orlar, in the lakiiiL;- i.^'i Peniaipiitl, in tiie lecluelion oi New loinuilaiKl "and lastly in the discovery of the Mississippi, where my precursors had "failed." His wonderful success at sea and on shore was miniarred by any serious failure, and was not ilue to specially fortunate circumstances or any policy o^ caution, he says: "The best war is the hottest mil the ipiickest, for in " marchinj;' on the enenix ti> tiie ti k of drum one always i^ives them time to "retreat to a jilace i.-^'i safei\." elied iLcreatI} i.m\ the native Canadian as a fif^'hter, and in his proposed sc' or the reduction oi" Hoston he asks for "the oHicers who will suit me," and urines that seniority in rank should not he ()bser\ed, "for a sini^le man who cannot support the fitii^ue ol' an expedition is capable of throwing' e\er\thin^ intii distM'der." SIKCR I)'IIlKK\II,I.i:. in M)i),v after his relui'n from thecaptiu'e oi l'\irt Nelson, he fomid suflicicnt breathinj^ space from his constant campai^niniLi' to woo and marry Marie 'I'herese Pollet de la Combe Pocatiere, the ilau^hler oi an officer in the Carisjfnan- Salieres Ret,^imciit, at Ouebec. liis bride had e\idently full conlidence in the priUcctinj^ power oi his arm tor she did not hesitate to folKnv him to sea, and a son was born to the ij;-allant sailor on the jjiuI oi June, 1(1(14, olf the banks oi Newfoundland, but died in infancy. Their i>nly other ciiikl was a dau.','-liter. who sur\ i\ed her parents and was known in the world as Madame (irandi\e de l.avanie. Marriay^e brought no rest to a man who was so urj^ently needed in the work of establishiiii;- the l-'rench claims in the New World, and his earlv fortune followed him faithfully until he was attacked by the pljis^ue olV Havana and died as he had 'ived in the ser\ ice o\ his Kint;' and Country, after a short illness, in 1706. His constant and brilliant services had e>:tended overthirtv vears, durint^- which time he had carried the llaj,'- oi I'rance in triumph from Hudson's i>av to the mouth of the Mississippi, and w;is plannini,-- further \ictories when overtaken by death. )r TRADE SOrVEMR XUMJiEli. ■ pusl IllUT ililislK'il lor .'iK'li tins; in iiricil with li'iiu'iUs on u lini^liuul. 10 SpimiiUil ipi witli the ' ; but Ills rif aj^ainst I uritinL; to his mIkmik' says : "I 's l!av, at u Imnulhind ursors had my serious iy piilicy \.>'( jst, tor in cni time to Kulian as a he asks for lould nol he xpedition is ni\ sullicient irie rherr>e Carisj^nan- ^nee in the 1 sea, and a le hanks til' I daii.<;;hier, irandive de in the w ork riy fortune na ami diei.1 lorl illness, irs, durini;- m's l>ay to 1 overtaken I lis willow u ith her liau^hler returned lo i'laiue. ami liiere inaiiled llu fount lie liethune, Lieulenant-Clviui d in the.irnues ol the Kinj^'. Jl''..\\ liaptisle l-e Moyne ua'- onis elesen \ears I'l as^e when his hrollur l''rani,-ois |,e Moyne ile Mieinille was killed hy the iroijuois at l\epentii;n\, in ih((i, hut the name I.e Mo\ tie ile liienville was not destineil to peiisli, I'i' "^ i'l' "• lor it was assumed l\\ the _\innii;er hriUher, and honourahli. as ii uashelore, it beeaiiie famous in his keeping,''. lie left home to hei;in his training; as a miilshipman ihe year after his brother's death, anil for seven years ser\eil as an oHieer in the Kind's shijis unilei' his brotiier li'lberv ille on the eoasts of \ew l'".nt;lanil, N\'W foundlaml ar 1 M Hudson's |{a\ . At the aL;e oi eij^^hteen they sailed tO),''ether for the dis- .•o\erv ot the mouth o'i Ihe Mississippi, and the two iirothers, leasins;' their less ilarint;' eompanions, paililled siile by siile into the entrance of that riser u hose diseov ery had eo^t so manv \ aluable li\ es. After the lieath oi il'lber^ille he eontinueil in Louisiana expKirini,^ the eountr}-, fortilyins;' dillerent positions aiiil treatini,-- the Indians with the same patienee and lirmness which had distinf^uished his father. In a letter to the Minister, dated JStii October, 171;,, .M. l>uelos writes: "I do not "know how \o speak highly eiuni!.;h ol the .iilmiral'>ie manner v\hich M. " di- Mien\ille has won the atl'eetion oi the Inilians In his L;()\ernment ; he " lias succeeded by his i^enerosity, his lo\alty, his scrupulous exactness in holtl- " injjf to every promise i^iven, as well as by the lirm and equitable manner " in which he renders justice between the ililferent tribes who appoint him as " arbitraioi-, anil more th.in all he has wow their rci^iinl in rii;oi-ousl\ opposing;- " all thievinj,' or depredation committed by the l'"rench w lu> are oblii;ed to make "strict amends every time they do any injurv tow anls ,in Indian." All this time he was in command o'^ \\w h'ort St. Louis o\\ the Mobile, whither La Mothe Cadillac had just come as Ciovernor o'i the new tradini;- company founded by L'rozat, holding the exclusive monopi>lv for the Province, and he and La Molhe were at datfgers drawn from the moment they were thrown tos^ether. All the oHlceis sided with their commander and made his ipiarlers their rendi/.vous. La Molhe writes home inveit^hini,-- aijainst their scandalous lives " as the proverb runs,' ' a bad country, bail people.' C">i;e mav sav that thev "are the drej^^s of Canada; lilthy rogues, without subordination, without respect " for relii^ioii or i,anernment, t^iven over to vice. The King's Lieutenant " Bienville, has come here at the age of eii^hteen without having- served either "in Canada or I'rance." l-"rom which it will be seen that La Mothe had not lost that sharpness of his pen which made his letters so racv when treating of lighter matters. On his part Mienville writes lo his brother the Baron that " La Molhe is the most exasperating man one can possibly imagine, " he never says what he thinks, is absolutely unscrupulous, and by his rapacity is driving the settlers to despera- tion. " Mis head is turned at finding himself governor of the lovely Province of f BOAR ) OJ' TRADE SOVVKNIR 11" BiM.viiie u .. Louisiuia. it" he wore not head ol' the company lie would perhaps bear himse " more like an ollicer." Hut there was one ray o'i lis^ht in this stormy outlook, La Mothe had hroutjht with him his eldest daui,Hiter Marie Madeleine with whom Hienville at once fell in love, but the objecionable qualities of her father formed an insuper- able barrier to the proi,MVSs o'^ his suit. In the letter above quoted he says ; " It would be diflicult to brini;- myself to bein^ son-in-law to M. de La Mothe on " account of the hurly burly he is in with ^•veryone." And in another letter to tlie liaron written shortly before the above, he tells tlie story " M. de la Mothe has a orown-up dau-hter here with whom 1 am " rather in love but I shall take no step until 1 know your mind. I pray you let " me hear what you think. I believe she has no -Teat wealth, neither have 1, "but we will arrani^e as best we ca-. if you approve. She has ,nany i;ood "qualities. At present I am rather at odds with her father :-s he believes I " prevent the olVicers from i;oini^- to see her, that ihey are always in my quarters. " Allow me to assure my dearest sister oi my respect and to demand ot her " and \ou the continuance of your love. " 1 hnish as the voyai;eurs are awaitinj;- my letter, I have written rather in " haste " I am, with respect, " Sir and dearest brother, " Wuir very humble and very obedient servant, " Biicw ii.i.i:. "l-'ourSi. Loiis, () bre, iji.v" .\ soldier's letter, written without much attention to the standard ol the polite letter writer, but touchin;^- in its naturalness and showint^- stron^^ al1ec- tions despite the formalities throui,'h which even tlie closest relationships were approached in those days. Hienville returned to France in the followinii- year leaviiii;- Cadillac to wreck the company and the colony at his pleasure and we catch no further traces of the love story unless imai^inative hearts lind it in the fact that its hero ne\er married. When he returned in 171S lic founded \ew Orleans, so named in honour oi the Re.ijent, and devoted all his energies to the reestahlishment of the impover- ished colonv. He moved the seat oi o-overnment to the new city and in ijj;, suppressed' a risins,- of the natives without the loss of a sini^le life, but was recalled in the followins,' year and replaced by NL I'errier. lUit the new Governor had not the inborn experience of a Le Moyne in his manaijement of the Indians who were quick to perceive the ditVerence and a series of harassing- wars culminated in a terrible massacre in which over two hundred whiles were killed and sixty women and as many children were carried off as captives. Two years later the colony passed into the hands of the Kini; and in 1734 Hienvielle was a^mw reinstated as Ciovernor. The Indians, under the less vii^orous rule <^'i his predecessors, had com- pletely rci^ained their Independence and for six years he was obliK^ed to devote R' ■ TRADE SOUVKNIR XLMBKR. 27 •;ir liiniseir lotlie had iL-millo at 11 insiiper- .1 ho says ■. Mothe on 0, lio tolls honi 1 am •ay \ ou lot er ha\o 1, lanv i;ood hciioxcs I ,■ (.luartors. and of hor \ rat hor in lit. i;n\ ii.i.i:. ard of tho ronj^ alVoc- ships woro "adillac to no furtiior liat its horo iionour ^.^i 10 impovor- nd in 17-';, "e, but was iiyno in his onco and a h o\or two \ori.' carried ^.^i tho KinL; i, iiad 00m- d to dovoto all his onor-ios to soci.ro tho safotv of tho colony. His nophow, the second Baron do I,on-iioi.il, with Celeron do Hlainvillo with four hundred Canadians atid Indians came overland to his assistance, and with their help the rebellious tribes wore subdued in 1740. Bienville then retired to Kranco and spent the remainder <^^ his life at Rochollo and Paris. In a letter to his nephew the Baron, written from Roche- fort in 1740. he thanks him for sondini;- him some martin skins o{ which ho has made a handsome mulV. but roj,n-ets that the maple sui,-ar has nearly all molted .iway durini; ti>o voya-o. and sends a repoatin- clock to him and one to h.s brother piobablv Maricourl. In another from Paris in 1735 li--' l^lls his nephew, " I am alwavs well and never was bettor and have none oi the " drawbacks of old at;e.' I lead a quiet peaceful and well ro^nilated life. I go "to bed at nine, rise at six winter and summer, take but one meal and that " most simple. Ho the like and you wilHind it a success. ' in 1763 ho drew up his will, rememborino- all his old servants, his cook, h;r daughter, his valet, lacquey a-' . achman, and loavin- handsome lo-acies to Ms nephews, -rand-nophows and or;md-nioces. and died in Paris on the 7th Septembc. 17(18 at the ^rcat ago of eighty-eight. Tho remaining brothers all distinguished themselves ; tho .Sieur do Sorigny, .served under Iborvillo at Hudson's Bay, in i-lorida and in Louisiana, with his younger brother tho Sieur dWssigny, who died on the frigate i,a Renommo, at Saint Domingo at tho age oi twenty, while Serigny died in 1 7,u at Rochetort in P'ranco, where he had been Covornor for many years. The ai chives of that town wou.d no doubt furnish many details ot this famiiv, for the Sieur ^\^ Bienville lived there for some lime, and there also Amoino, the second Sieur do Chateauguay died, after his viu-ied services as Commandant at .Martiniipie and (iovornor at Cayenne and Cape Breton. R l':.M.\RK.\BM': as tho record of those famous brotiiers is, the history ot tho family in tho direct line is hardly less so. TheBarousde Charles the eldest son was created first Baron do Longuouil in 1 700, Lougueuii. lie was a Chevalier ^^\ the Order oi St. Louis, was tiovornor o{ Three Rivers, tiovornorof Montreal, and .Administrator of Canada. His magnihcent nianor al Longuouil was tho finest in tho country, the extent and character ot tho buildings comparing favorablv with those of i-'ranco. lie uas succo'eded bv his oldest son Charles, who was Lieutenant m the Re-iment of Normandv at the age of sevonleen. He commanded at I'ort l.-rontenac, now Kingston, was Governor of Detroit. .A Three Rnors, ol the Citadel of Ouoboc, of Montreal in 1749, and .\dminislrator ot Canada in 1752. He served with distinction under \-audreuil, Montcalm and Levis, was created a Chevalier of tho Order of St. Louis, and died in 1733. His son Charles |acques. iho third Baron, also Chevalier do Si. Louis, served during tho campaign in the Lnglish colonies under l'.aron Di.skau ■A^^^\ was lost in tho disastrous retreat from l''orl Ldward in 1T3S. f: ': . i i 28 /,'(■. lA'/) or TRAni-: sorvF.x '^'''^■. ^X. '•,*•' i«J r-i r-iii i'' I < ' •!^"*i'*llie 1^ ftriMi'i'" ,,*{—"-' r«rrnFn »,• ■.■bpij--. nv nc^ or lit B«ii.iai«mt o' ■ahaoa «rw TrtK »5j Bi itE SAmrii iinjiwr'.i. a^o nimci- imcfK^nrAT tw dpanm monthi-;ai, HArs()C)un sika\'ini (;/■' TKAni-: S{)r\'i-:MR .\vm1'I:r. '^f'^t -.«??^; .., — ■- „ ...-..■ik _,■,•: v»*-fc..-jsac:-ff*».i-i._^.-,*.»^ ««,— •....V. ; ./..ii^'ii'i'i'i'..' 'J' '•""■.'. ^, MAh|)C>UH SlKiWINU I >.- I'l OVi-;Mi-;N' 1 BOARD OF TRADE SOUVENIR X l.oii.mieiiil. Captain David Aloxaiulcr IJrant, oi the 4i)tli Rejfimont, " eldest son o'i David Cirant, l-lsqiiire, chief of the Hhiirfindie Brancii," as he is described in iiis Contract oi Marriaije, married Marie Charlotte Josephte I.e Movne de I.in'^'ueiiil, tiie only child of the third Haron in 17S1 and assumed the title. His son, the Hon. Charles William Grant, a member of the I.ej^islative Council, was the fifth Haron, and lived chiellv at Alwintjton House, near Kinijfston, whc;-'.' he died in 1S3.S. He was succeeded by his son Charles James Irwin (irant, and the present and seventh Haron is Charles Colmore Grant, w hose title as Baron was formally recos^nized b\- the Imperial Government in I SSo. N the Semi-Centennial Report of the Hoard of Trade, Dr. S. V.. Dawson has .„, , , sketched the origin and progress \:>i that bod\ from its inception in 1S42 so 1 lie Propftlu- I r^ I r^ . i t "'' ihe lioard I completely that it is unnecessar\' to touch upon it here ; but it mav not prove (it riadc. . ■ . ' uninterestiiii;- to i^lance over the stories o^ some o'i the men whose names deserve remembrance and throuij^h whom the two properties oi the Hoard of Trade descended. it will be remembered that the Hoard of Trade was ortjanized in and for some vears occupied the premises ol "The News and Ivxchange l\ooms" in St. Sulpice street. The "News Room," built in the old i;arJen oi the Carion House, was a \ery modern structure in comparison with the house w hich stood just below it with its i^able end to the street ; people ha\ e passed \ear after year without a suspicion of its age, for, when the street was widened, a great part o'( the old building was torn down and a fnnit of brickwork erected, most ellectuall} hiding all traces of antitpiity from the public exe. The properl\- was originally granted to Charles il'Ailleboust, Sieur des .Musseaux, about i(ii)0, and afterwards came into possession o'i I'hilippe tie Carion, Sieur du i'"resno\, a lieutenant in the Compagnie de i,'i-]strade ot the celebrated Carignan-Salieres regiment, which had performed brilliant service in Hungarv against the Turks, and the names oi many \>'i whose ollicers have been perpetuated in their tiefs and seignories, such as Iierthier, Sorel, Chambly, Contrecteur, X'arennes anJ others, fcuniliar to us all. Philippe de ("arion obtained a large fiet on the island o'i Montreal opposite the entrance of the ri\er i.'Assoniption, and from this holding was sometimes slvled the Sieur de la Chesnaye. He alsii acquired this town property from M. d'Ailleboust and there built his dwelling in iDji), that \ery house which has just disappeared. Like main ot the men o{ his day i'hilippe de Carion was undoubtedly engaged in illicit traHicking with the iiidians, b\' means of the vourciirs de hois, a wild and tin"bulent class, whose occupation and wandering life rendered them dillicult o'i restraint, ;uid w hose unscrupulous use oi spirits as a means of barter was the object oi constant jirohibitory ordinances. iUit in spite oi the severe penalties attached to such a trade, and the recent reproofs given by l-"rontenac to i^errot, Cioxernor oi .Montreal in ii>7.v Carion ventured not only to receive but actually ing of it M. aided their ( ' ven went j action in thi despatched already me him a prisoi necessary or in the house revenge for a sergeant, c prisoned him he was relea; outrage, and l.aSalle, whi i'errot's hot of a similar I the night ant redress. i'« ■arresting hi whence he v mained for n Hastile for ti In 16S2 with an only in those da) before she w oi god-mot ht i->ienville, thi had no relati the following; future of hi i,e.Mo\ne, ar future husba The arr; December th and their so Madame I.e brothers, St, Casson of tf And the "That \ " as the gei " with his d " without fa " happy il" h RA DE SO V I ENIR A 'L MBER. 29 Init iictiiiilly lodged two of tlieso obnoxious ^-eiitry in liis own liouso. Ow he;ir- \\v^ of it M. C'harlcs d'Aill boust sunt iiis serg-eant to arrest tliem but Carion aidod tlicir escape and ill-treated the oflieer. I'errot refused assistance, and veil went so far as to threaten M. d'Ailleboust with imprisonment for his action in the matter. Word was forthwith sent to Quebec, and i-'rontenac despatched the F.ieiilenant of his (iuard, Wizard, with whom we have already met, with orders to arrest Carion immediately and send him a prisoner to Quebec ; orders which were executed without any un- necessary or even customary ceremony, IJizard leavini;- his letters for i'errot in the house <>{ Jacques I,e Her, where he was entertained. It was by way <>'i revenge for this slight that Perrol, accompanied by three or four soldiers and a sergeant, came to Le IkM-'s house and there not only insulted Hizard, but im- prisoned him for the night ; however better judgment came w ith the morning and he was released. Hefore leaving for Ouebec iiizard drew up a statement of the outrage, and as his host, Le Her, together with Rene Robert Cavalier, Sieur de LaSalle, who lived with him, did not hesitate to sign it, tiiey both incurred Perrot's hot displeasure. Le Ber was imprisoned, while LaSalle, apprehensive ot a similar fate, as he was under surveillance, slipped quietly mer the wall in the night and made his way to Quebec to report the matter in full and obtain redress. Perrot was recalled and Hizard had the satisfaction of personallv ■arresting him in I'rontenac's chamber on the jStli January, i<)74, from whence he was conducted, a prisoner, to the Chateau St. Louis, where he re- mained for nearly a year, and, on his return to I-'rance, was committed to the Hastile tor three weeks as a mark oi the King's displeasure. In i6Sj Philippe de Carious wife, Petronille de Hevres, died, leaving him with an only daughter, Jeanne, barely ten years (■\'i age. Hut even little ladies in those days had to take their place in the world, and Mademoiselle Jeanne before she was eight \ears t)ld had stood at the font in the responsible position of god-mother to Jean i->aptiste Le Moyne, afterwards celebrated as Le Moyne de j-lienxille, the foimder of New Orleans. With the exception oi her father she had no relatives in the country, and when he lay in his house in the winter oi the following year, with life fast ebbing away, his thoughts were busy for the future of his child. iiis best tViend in Canada was iiis neighor, Charles LeMoyne, and he iixed o\\ his second son, Jacques, Sieur de Ste. Helene, as the future luisband ot his daughter. The arrangement was consented to on both sides and on the sixth of December the dxing man gathered round about him L'harles Le Moyne, his wife, and their sons, Longucuil d'iberville, Maricourt, iiienville, and Chateaugua)', Madame Le Moyne's brother Jaques Le Her with his daughter Jeanne and her brothers, St. '\iul and Senneville, Mcsains Ciabriel Souart and Dollier de C'asson of the Seminary, and Louis I'orrester, the surgeon. .And there, with his daughter and Ste. Helen before him he declared ; " That being overcome with illness he had sent for the Sieur de Ste. iielene " as the gentleman whom he lo\ ed and considered most litting for marriage " with his di'ughter, who upon nis death would lind herself in a distant land " without family or relatives, tii avoid which he had testified that he would die " happy if he saw the marriage assured between them." The solemn ci>ntract 'rlii'I'Toperlies uf Uie Itoiinl (if Trade. ! '» 30 liO.Uil) Or TRAni-: sou I 'El ;.A 1--LACK D AHWI^S, With "111 I'.iiUli Church. 11(1:11 l.aiiilK-il's TLivtl-, c. iSo'i. Thfl'ropcrtic of the Hoard of Trade. iWiis signed al liis bedside hy all the parties, and Philippe de L'arion, Sieiir de Kresiioy, made his will a week later, Iea\iiig' all his property to his dauj^hter Jeanne, and, in the e\ent ot her death willunit children, or before her niarriai;e, then to Ste. llelcne who was to succeed in her stead, and, until her marriai^e .she was to li\e with iiis iVieiul t'harles l.e Moyne under the special care ol his wife. .\s the Parish Rei^^ister tor tiie _\ear 1083 has not been preserved we can not fix the exact date of liis lieath but it took place before the year was out and on the 7th of I'ebruary, i()S4. Jacques de Ste. Helene and Jeanne de Carion were married with a special dispensation iVom the Bishop as the bride elect was onl\' twelve years o( ai^e. .Mademoiselle Jeanne inherited from her t'ather and mother the large fief held by her lather, a property on .Si. Paul street and the house on St. Sulpice street, which was built of stone with a bakery and kitchen attached and had its courtyard, garden and orchard forming an establishment of sullicient dignity to be chosen by ,M. tie Calliere, then tioxernor o^ Montreal, as his residence, to whom Ste. Ilelene leased it at a rental of two lumdred ii\res per annum about itjHc), and he, with his uile a:Hl children, removed to the family house in St Paul street. * * * * * door II the di pitiabl but w; to her being in Oct H leavinj with t State ( Testar court, all yoi wealth V from, ; OF TKA/)/': SOUVEN/U AT.Wi/CA'. 1^4 L' I So:"). ion, Siuur dc liis (.laui;litcT or marriiii^e, her marriiiijc al care of his rved we can was out and Carion were JCt was oiil}' the large fief II St. Siilpice :1 and liad its lit diijnity to residence, to mnum about house in St ilvlCall iiis brothers Ste. Ileiene rendered iiiiportant s.rxices to iiis country at home and abroad. Two years alter Iiis niarriai^e, in if)S6, he left with his brothers d'Iberville and Maricoiirt in command, under tiie Sieur de Troyes, of an ii\erhinil expedition to Hudson's Hay. 'I'hey went up the Ottawa to I.ai