wf'^m ' ■ '' ?•■'■;'•'';•'' ■ ■'' ■ J/'^'-i^? -. - ''•■*ri-.i.-v-V~"i';-. . ,<.v..i. -r ■*V' I.;., vfiSi' A-oi- /^ >Kf; .;)j^.-.;; ' ,■■..■* ^^^v«' OS, RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. TOGETHER WITH Intwkttorn ®l)serljitttons for %mmi$, AND put ^ipnUm, CONTAINING ALL SUITABLE INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS, &c. BY THE KEY. W. G. CAMPBELL, OENERAI. MISSIONARY, AND AUTHOR OF "TUB APOSTLE OF KERRY." "Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased."— Dan. xli. 4. LONDON: ELLIOTT STOCK, 62 PATERNOSTER ROW, Also DUBLIN : JOHN ROBERTSON & CO. 3 GRAFTON STREET J. GOUGH, 6 EUSTACE STREET. And or thk Author, 96 Carysfort Avbnub, Blackbook, Dublik, 1871. :___.- JJUBLIN : R. T. WHITI!, HTBAM rilR'S PRTNTK'; 45 FLItKT 9TRKET TO ANDERSON l^OWLRR, ESQ. TIPPERARY, IRELAND, (LATH OF NKW YORK,) AS A SMALL TOKEN OP THE HIGHEST PERSONAL ESTEEM, AND ALSO, IN ORATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF THE DEEP INTEREST WHICH HE, AND OTRCB MEMBERS OP HIS FAMII T TOOK IN THE AUTHOR'S RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA, BY THE AUTHOR. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAOB Voyage ont, and reflections on the same ; . . . 1 CHAPTER II. First, week's jourual and lalours in Now York, &c. . . 20 CHAPTER III. Centenary Celebration of John-street Church, New York. . 38 CHAPTER IV. Moral Heroes — Cenotaphs and Epitaphs. .... 47 CHAPTER V. Second week in New York— Irish affairs, &r, ... 66 CHAPTER VI. New York in sunshine and in shade. 69 CHAPTER VII. Cincinnati, "the Queen City of the West." . . .79 CHAPTER VIII. Philadelphia, " the Quaker City." ^r ^ , .... 89 VI CONTENTS. ERRATA. PAGE. LINE^ ERBOB. vii. 27 Genose, xiii. 13 Portload, 25 22 Julius Cresar, 34 28 & 38 Dr. Durban, 62 6 Rev. Mr. Rutledge, 149 44 language of Bishop Sim 164 10 street. 180 29 Saul. 187 28 brime, 207 38 Messenger, Paob CHAPTER IX. L3okport City— Niagara, Statoa side— Canada West, Cliutou, Ao. 103 CHAPTER X. Torjato and Montreal — Intermoliatc plaooa. • • 118 CffAPTER XI. Rjtarn to Upper Canada— Soveral places revisited * . 180 CHAPTER Xn. Niagara agaiu — Canadian or British side — New York again, Sio. 148 CHAPTER XIII. Final visit to Canada — Montreal — Goderioh, Sco. — Conference at Toronto — Farewell to friends, to Canada, to Now York, and to America in general 160 CHAPTER XIV. Voyage Home— Arrival at Queenatown — Irish Contorence in Cork 170 APPENDIX A.— Emigrants to Canada and the States . . 203 APPENDIX B— Social and Domestic Habits of America. 204 APPENDIX C— Church Usages in Canada and States . 205 APPENDIX D.— Miscellaneous— George Washington . . 206 Signs of the Times—Literary Curioaity — Conclusion , . 208 CORRECTION. Genoese. Portland. Tiberius Cfcsar. Dr. Durbin. Rev. Mr. Ridgeway. language quoted by. sheet. soul. brine. Massenger. PREFACE. " I.iilii|i)>l Hiil'i) Ixiyoiid life'M nm, We ne'er from chilst slmll pail ; There all In perfect hiirinouy, We shall ba one in heart." [IIAT ! another book on America ? We answer yes, and very likely, soon another, and another still, to follow in quick succession ; and after all, the tale will not be told. The New World, a great name, but a grejiter reality ; a world of wonders, an almost unbounded country ; in fact, a hemisphere which embraces portions of all the civilized nations of the earth. Its natural products are equally as varied and abundant. What wonderful mysteries and revolutions has the history of our world un- folded to human view, since the 12th of October, 1492, when Christopher Columbus, the great Spanish Navigator, landed on the shore of one of the Bahama Islands, which he called San Salvador, or Saint Saviour ; and although the word America is derived from a subsequent Florentine Navi- gator, called Amerigo, yet the honour of discovery can never, with any propriety, be attributed to any one but Columbus. It was he who reasoned out the existence of the New World, and practically ascertained its truth ; his was the most re- markable maritime enterprize in the history of the world ; it formed a connection between Europe and America, which will never be broken while the world lasts ; and therefore the undivided acknowledgement must instrumentally be ascribed to the Genose Navigator ; but all the glory to the Giver of every good and perfect gift. The writer will be able only Viil PREFACE. to direct tLo reader's attention to a few of the States, and to pacts of British America, to those which he visited, and from which he so recently returned. He feels somewhat diffident in entering on a subject on which so much has been written ; but looking at the subject from a religious as well as a social stand-point, and taking his narrative princi- pally from personal observations, as well as from the most authentic resources, he hopes the work will be of consider- able advantage to the emigrant, especially to the religious emigrant, as well as a source of pleasurable satisfaction to the tourist and to those who have friends in that country. And while he does not at all lend himself to unqualified emigration, yet he knows that for many years to come it will awaken increasing interest in all parts of Europe. The discovery of the country, its settlements by Anglo-Saxon colonies, tend to enhance that interest ; but the encourage* ment lately afforded by the English Government to emi- grate to Canada, will vastly increase the tide of emigration to that dominion. The very word " New World " or America, has just now a kind of charm, particularly for the young adventurer. The Atlantic is unchained by steam, and by telegraphic despatch ; and reminds one of Alexander Selkirk's soliloquy in tl:.e Island of Juan Fernandez — " How swift is a glanoo of the mind, f Compared with the speed of its flight ; The tempest itself lags behind, And the swift- winged arrows of light." In America invention is quickened by the freedom of competition ; its labour is rewarded by unexampled returns. Its peace is not maintained by great military establish- ments ; public opinion rules without regimental troops, ex- cept on the sea-board, and the frontier. Her navy spreads her banner on every sea, and extends her enterprize to every clime. Her national resources are developed by culture. PRBPACB. IX And every man is froo. New states ore yearly added to her boundlesB territory. Canals intersect tlie plains and cross the highlands. The steam power annihilates distance by its accelerated speed. Its wealth is increased four-fold, and its population doubled in every twenty-two years. Religion is neither persecuted nor paid. Intelligence is vastly dif- fused with unparalleled universality, and her steam-press teems with the mental acquisitions of all nations and ages. Emigrants, of various lineage, constantly crowd her chores. Her constitution opens an asylum to the virtuous, the unfor- tunate and the oppressed of every nation under heaven. 350 years ago, her territory was one unproductive waste ; no monument of art ; its inhabitants barbarians ; the axe and the ploughshare unknown ; its soil wasted and lavished its strength in useless, but magnificent vegetation, and only gathered fertility from the repose of centuries. Its im- mense domain was a solitude ; but as the fortunes of nations are not under the control of blind destiny, it has awoke from the slumber of ages, and follows now in the steps of a favouring Providence, which has called itb noble institu- tions into being, and which are the birth-right and the pal- ladium of their civil, social, and religious liberty and pros- perity. These institutions, the Americans hope, will act on European states, and regenerate the Old World ; in fact, their vast resources and institutions are almost more in cha- racter with " fable and with song," than with reality ; for when we consider her mighty forests, her majestic moun- tains, her ocean lakes, her splendid rivers, her magnificent estuaries, her mysterious rapids, her gigantic Niagara, her lineless sea coast, her sheltered sounds, her encircled bays, her commodious harbours, her fruitful harvests, her varied productions, her healthful climate, her exuberant minerals, her illimitable railways, her ample sweep of horizon, together X PREFACE. with her almost daily new-born cities and her busy factories, we may well exclaim, " All hail, Columbia ! " Nor has all been told : her religious appliances exceed and excel all ; her sound, in this respect, has gone out into all the world ; her hosts of evangelical ministers, her church accommodation, her Sunday school agency, the activity, liberality and piety of her lay agency, and her wide spread membership, and though last, not least, her "star spangled banner of liberty," all, all may justify her in exclaiming, and never more so than now — " Freedom ! pure instructress of the mind, Blest bond of union, birthright of mankind ; Thine is the star, that from yon mountain height,] Beams light and glory to the nation's sight ; Thine is ibe voice, the talismanic charm, That warms the patriot's breast, and nerves his arm." The Author has now to state that his design in going to America, was not to gratify a passion for the romance of travel, nor any desire for notoriety, nor even for the enjoy- ment of relaxation, however necessary that might have been, after the hard contest with the human monsters at Granard ; for whatever may have been his coniiicts or his toils in his feeble efforts to promote the best interests of his native land, yet he trusts his Epitaph will never be " A youth of labour, but an age of ease." His motive in crossing the broad Atlantic, was simply the love of kindred, which, he trusts, was founded on love to Christ. He had two brothers and many relatives in America, whom he did not see for many years ; and the wish to see them, in order to be in some measure useful to their spiritual interests, pressed on his mind for a long time. At length the fitting time appeared to turn up, and having obtained the cordial PREFACE. XI sanction of his ministerial brethren at the Dublin Confer- ence of 186S, and the consent of his family, whose anxious feelings for his safety are well expressed in the following lines — (he started)— "Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea, Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee, Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, Our faith triumphant o'er our fears, Are all with thee, are all with thee." Having now had his wishes fully gratified, and having re- turned in safety to his native land, he is induced at the in- stance of some particuJar friends to record some of the events which transpired during his visit. For this purpose he has spared neither time nor trouble nor expense, to make the Book as interesting as he possibly could ; and to those espe- ciallj who look at both countries from a national and religious stand-point, he believes it will be gratifying. The doctrine of a particular providence will be recognized throughout the whole, and his purpose to make all to bear upon the in- terests and signs of the present times, will be steadily kept in view. The limited character of the time at his com- mand, will account for any apparent haste which may be found in the style, and for which he has to claim the kind indulgence of the reader. Above all, he hopes it will. be promotive of personal piety ; and with those expectations he prayerfully commits the work to Him who has said, " If thine eye be single, thy whole body shall be full of light." ; " Simple rule and safest guiding, / , , " Inward peace and inward light; -;:-,;:-----,- Star upon our path abiding, -• r— — • '• — -r •■ ■ ' Trust in God and do tlie rigli V " ..,...,..,-.,.„..-„. '"^''' W. G. C. INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS PRINCIPALLY INTENDED FOE TOURISTS AND CABIN PASSENGERS. " Oara alone will ne'er prevail, To reach the distant coast ; The breath of heaven must swell the sail, Or all our toll is lost." ^I^MERICA being now brought so near by transatlantic ^ffi^ steam power that a trip may be performed as quickly •;^I«W? and as cheaply to the New World, as a Contintiufcal tour used to be to English or Irish tourists. Liverpool is the right starting point for either Canada or the States for the English ; but if they prefer, they can go on board at Queenstown for New York or at Londonderry for Quebec, and indeed Dublin can nearly compete with either just now, and the fare is more moderate. I would strongly recommend the paddle steamers to the screw. I tried the latter. There is an unpleasant jerk and a trembling sensation in the screw which is not in the paddle. I hear that the Cunard " Scotia " is the best, the steadiest and the swiftest. It is a little dearer, but the best is bad enough, especially to bad sailors. In some of tho Cunard steamers there is a second class saloon cabin quite as good as some of the first cabins in other steamers, and if any one preferred quietness, this should claim a preference, and is only about half the price of the first cabin, where often the religious element is at the lowest discount, and perhaps repudiated altogether. Be sure to secure your berth as near as possible to the middle of the vessel — there is less of the pitching or plunging sensation, and especially if the vessel be a screw, which often interferes with sleep. After you land, I would say, be cautious as to what hotel you go, or put up at; persons will in great numbers importune ;iou to go to this and to that hotel. INTRODUCTION. xiii shouting all kind of perfections and preferences imaginable ; always inquire of the steward, purser or captain, and you are sure to be directed right. In regard to fares of steamers, the Inman line charges are 15, 17 and 22 guineas. The dif- ference arises from the circumstance of having a berth cabin to yourself altogether, for which you pay the highest figure, with one passenger the second charge ; and with three others the fifteen guineas. The saloon, and board, and all other accommodation, the same. Eeturn fares can be had for a fare and a half for any reasonable length of time, which of course would be a great saving. The Cunard fare is twenty- six guineas. The Montreal Ocean Steamship Company's ships land at Quebec in summer, but in Portload in winter, as the St. Laurence is then blocked up with ice. The fares are nearly equal to the Inman line. The Canada passengers from Ireland generally go from either Dublin or Londonderry, and these have steerage accommodation ; but I have given all instruc- tion to such passengers and emigrants in Appendices A and B. Tourists in preparing to travel through the country should bring very little luggage — a good portmanteau and a hat case will be quite sufficient. Give your trimk in charge at the hotel until you return ! A sou-wester on the voyage, and a soft hat for railway travelling will be neces- sary. The changes of weather are sudden when they occur, and when rain falls it is very heavy ; therefore bring a Mackintosh. The railway ticket will be a long piece of paper, with each intermediate station printed on it, so that the name of each station to which you have travelled will be taken off, and so on until the ticket is nii. The American rail car or carriage is different from ours, except in Switzerland. It is like a long saloon, with an aisle in the centre like an old church, and with a double row of rich velvet cushioned seats or. either side ; the backs are transversely fixed and can be reversed to accomodate four persons, two on each side, facing each other. Dr. Jobson, in his admirable work on America, states, " The real relief to an Englishman in a transatlantic railway car is, that he can stand upright with his hat on, or walk to and fro for exeroise along the middle aisle." There are no first, second, or third-class carriages as with us, wd the fare is moderate. Formerly there was a negro car, but XIV INTRODUCTION. since the war, all colours sit promiscuously, justly proving that, " Wocilly locks nnd bltink ooiiiplexioii3 Ciiiniut (aud never should) ultor nature's clnim." " It appears, also," says Dr. Jobson, " to be the usage that an American lady (and I suppose any other lady) entering a railway car, is entitled to any seat she may prefer that is not occupied by one of her own sex ; and if she enters the car with her husband or friend, she has only to intimate to any gentleman on his seat, that she wishes to have it for her- self or her companion, and it is immediately surrendered to her." Some are inconvenienced by yielding, but oftener more so, by not honouring the weaker sex. The Americana are not so selfish as some people imagine, even when their comforts are interfered with. 'Tis true they like to nurse their legs a little bit even on cushioned seats, but no wonder they would, for they go twice as fast, and do twice as much as other people ; and they must rest some time or other, and great allowances must be made for those little peculiarities. The windows on the sides are made to rise or fall, and with panels and Venetian blinds; there is also a large can of drink- ing water, with a mug chained. Stove", are at either end, which are sometimes overheated, and it requires a person to be cautious in leaving suddenly in the winter. A train of these large and ponderous cars, perhaps a dozen, is very formid- able, and appear outtnde something like huge omnibuses, each car holding about sixty persons. There are suitable closets also, and there are saloons now, with all manner of accom- modation for refreshments, as in hotels. Between each car is a little platform for ingress and egress, and to step from one car to another. The last car is generally the sleeping one and is put on at intervals, unless one is ordered for an invalid, which can be had all through. Vendors of all kinds of fruit, especially apples, and vendors of the various periodicals, come in at each station. The best season for travelling is the autumn; the Indian summer is very pleasant. It is the last farewell of the burning sun, and all nature seems to rejoice in the more genial beams of that glorious orb of day. The tourist and the stranger will meet with kindness and attention from every respectable and well educated American. They are truly kind-hearted and INTRODUCTION. XV obliging. Dickens speaks of the New Yorkers thus, " Thwe are those in that city who would brighten to me the darkest winter day that ever glimmered or ever went out in Lap- land, and before whose presence even home grew dim. I never thought the name of any place, so far away, and so lately known, could ever associate itself in my mind with the crowd of affectionate remembrances that now cluster about it," (and so says the Author.) " They and I," says he, " ex- changed that painful word which mingles with our every thought and deed, which haunts Qur cradle heads in in- fancy, and closes up the vista of our lives in age." I suppose he meant home, sweet home; (still there is a higher claim which should attach itself to home, than any earthly association or friendship can ever boast of); but this does not take away from the high appreciation he had of the friendship of the New Yorkers and of Americans in general. Now let me bid the adventurous tourist a happy voyage and a safe return in body, soul, and spirit ; but let him still remem- ber " there's no place like home," however homely. " This fond attachment to the well-known place, Whence first we started into life's long race, Maintains its hold with such unfailing sway, We feel it— even in age, and at our latest day." As yours will be sight seeing from first to last, you will require to have pencil, pen and paper, and ink as weU, imder constant requisition. As you leave your native shore, you will likely see before you the white sail of the solitary vessel on the distant wave, reminding one of a painted ship on a painted ocean. You will now and again see the sea-gull hovering around, and the porpoise as it rolls along. You will flee the great and wide sea to remind you of your Maker's strength, who stayeth its proud waves ; soon again diver- sified shore features will come in view, with head-land, beach, and harbour. Then after you land, procure the best published guide you can get of New York, and see all that is worth seeing, a-^d you will be well repaid. After this you leave ; and now the richest specimens of nature and of art, of ruins and land scenery lie before you, and burst now and then upon your view. The noble Hudson with its pali- sades, the majestic mountains with their towering cliffs, the thundering Niagara, that greatest of natures wonders, XVI INTRODUCTION. ■which defies description by pencil or by pen, an d of which we might almost pay, " even angels tremble as they gaze," You will visit the verdant shores of the Ohio river, and the lonely Shenandoah, and the wild Potamac ; while endless forests and unbounded prairies will attract your visionary wonders. There again, is the Palmetto, that tall and slender tree; yonder is the royal eagle, the emblematic bird of the Union, with his outstretched and hovering wing, and watching for his prey. Here are flocks and herds gambolling in the shade, or browzing in the sun. But let ,U8 remember that the earth yields its richest revenue of delights to the believer in Christ. He alone can taste those gifts with zest of highest joy. Neither ample research, cul- tivated taste, or exquisite sensibility can compare with his. Cowper describes the Christian thus: '* He looks abroad into the varied field Of nature, and though poor perhapi, compared With those whose mansions glitter in his sight. Calls the delightful scenery all his own. His are the mountains, and the valleys his. And the resplendent rivers ; his to enjoy, With a propriety that none can feel. But who, with filial confidence inspired, Can lift to heaven an unpreaumptuous eye, And smiling say, " My Father made them all." Blackrock, Dublin, W. G. C. December, 1870. THE NEW WOELD, ETC., ETC. Chapter $. Outward Voyaqe. " While o'er those waters day by day, We plough the deei) and speed our way ; Do thou, (ireat God, our path attend And be our Guardian, Guide, and Friend," Visits to friends previous to starting — Delayed on Board — Writes to several parties — Death of Lord Castlemaine — Converses with an Ex-Americau Planter — Berth Passengers, Preaching on the Sab- bath — Presbyterian Minister — Controversy on the Divinity of Christ —Steerage — Emigrants — Remarkable case of prodigality — Curiosi- ties of Phrenology — Singular views of the stage -Second Sabbath Services — Landing — Death and hopeful Conversion of one of the Stewards of the vessel — Conversion of an Irish Nobleman — Custom House — Poetry — Reflections on the Voyage. IHUESDAY, October 29th, 1868, Queenstown Har- bour, (1st Day) "City of Paris" Steam Ship, 3 o'clock, P.M. I am now on board: an event long anticipated. The perils of the deep are now before me, and should only be encountered by any individual at the promptings of very urgent motives. The sailor does so for remuneration, the invalid for restoration, the merchant for gain, the adventurer for fortune, the scholar for knowledge, the explorer for new countries, the statesman to govern them, the soldier to win them, and the missionary to evangelize and renovate them. My motives for now braving those foaming billows and watery mountains have been already stated, and 2 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, fully satisfy my own mind. On last Saturday (24th inst.) I bade farewell in Dublin to those dearest on earth, and came that evening to Kilkenny, en route for Queenstown, wishing to come by that line to see some old and valued friends before leaving Ireland. I spent the Sabbath (25th) in that city, held three or four services and was much encouraged ; but I missed my old and valued friend W.Banks, Esq., having lately removed to Kingstown, near Dublin ; his loss in Kilkenny is greatly felt ; he ornamented the gospel here for many years. The following is related of him — '' A respectable resident in the City said to him one day, 'Mr. Banks, can you tell me how is it that I never see you agitated under any emergency, or unduly hurried like other men, and that you can be so calm while others are all hurry and bustle ? '— 'Well Sir,' said Mr. B., 'If you see any thing at all com- mendable in me, be sure to attribute it to my reading the Bible.* " This was a better argument for Bible Christianity with professor or profane, than a thousand Controversies ; [here I may digress for a moment to say, that since my return from America I met with a young lady from Kil- kenny who informed me that it was on that very Sabbath which I spent there, in passing, she found peace with God, and still retains it ; fox which I praise God.] On Monday the 26th, I came to Waterford for the purpose of seeing my old friend Dr. Crook, and bidding him farewell ; I was just in time that day to join him, and the venerable Mr. Brown, (Independent) also the Presbyterian, Baptist and Primitive, (Methodist) Ministers at their weekly Union Prayer Meeting, but there was no Episcopalian Minister there ; I hope it will not be always so. " Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity," and as Dr. New- ton once quaintly said, "and for Sisters too." As the poet truly expresses it: — ^ ., " flow good and how pleasant it is to behold ' * The union of brethren who dwell in the Lord : Like odours from ointment poured out on the head, . ' The fragrance of love, all around them are spread , - .,,.-,-.,,_, Like the dripping of njyrrh on the beard running down, As the dewdrops that Zion and Hermon do crown, When the Lord gave the blessing of life without end ; — So sweet is the union of brother and friend." I V7as commended to God in prater, and O how did thftt oldl RRCRNT VISIT TO AMERICA. 3 Christian Minister and gentleman, Mr. Brown, plead for what is now called "The Unification of all professed believers in Christ ; " but, since then, he passed away to the skies. Dr. Crook has written a very nice memorial of him. " lie was faithful above many." 1 left Waterford in the afternoon, and bore with me the fraternal greetings of Dr. Crook to many of his friends in America ; I spent that night (Monday) in Fermoy, where I preached to a very large and deeply affected congregation ; many wept while I bade them farewell, but none were more deeply affected than Mr. and Mrs. Ged- des and especially their venerated parent Mrs. A. — my much respected friend ; a genuine follower of the Lamb, and who since then has also gone home to be for ever with the Lord. Cork, Tuesday, 27th October, — I preached here this even- ing, as my dear friend and Brother, the Rev. E. Best had all due announcements made for me ; two young persons found peace with God that night — one the son of a very worthy and much respected friend ; the other a young soldier ; both spoke to the great joy of all in the house, and I believe of those in heaven as well! may they be "faithful unto death." On yesterday (Wednesday, 28th) I came to Queenstown and preached there that night, when another lad obtained an assurance of God's love ; he is the son of pious parents. These things led me to reflect thus: — "What, if I should never return, or sink below the blue Atlantic wave, perhaps God intends those young lads to occupy an important place in the Church of God when I am gone." — [And now on my return, I am greatly rejoiced to find those young men holding on their way, like the young lady mentioned above. — " May they all obtain the Crown of Life."] I also preached this morning (29th) before I left shore, and then bade my friends there farewell ; I also had a pleasing interview with Captain S. Seymour the American Consul, I found him a very agreeable and intelligent gentleman, I believe he interested the Captain of the veseel in my behalf, we exchanged newly published volumes — he lately published his " Kecent Travels through the Holy Land," wluch he gave me with his name, as I dad mine to him, called " The Apostle of Kerry." I was accom- panied to the ship at 3 o'clock, P.M., by Rev. Messrs. Walker, Patterson and Thompson, who Avarmly raid prayerfully, again and again commended me to " the great Commander 4 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, of winds and waves; " it blow very fresh, and I found tho vosaol had encountered a heavy gale on the night before, in coniing from Livcriiool ; all were knocked up. The mails are now delfiyed, nnd here we must wiiit until a lato hour to- night ; royalty itself cannot command the storm, but it must bow and yield to Majesty divine. In the mean time I am writing to different parties, I also wrote out my General Mis- sion Jotirnal for the last four montlis, which I sent with a letter to the Rev. O. M'Outcheon. I also wrote a long letter to Lord Castlemaine near Athlone, and sent him my book by post. He was always very kind to me, and allowed me the privilege of a free and familiar intercourse and correspondence. I ex- pected to have had the pleasure of seeing his lordship on my return, but I saw his friendly face no more ; for shortly after I returned he died in London of three days illness. I hu.e good hope in his lordship's death. I dwelt in my letter strongly on the subject of the *' New Birth," and one on which we often conversed before ; he manifested much concern about reli- gion, especially after the death of Lady Castlemaine, an event which deeply affected him ; they were not long separated. Her Ladyship also was considered a genuine christian ; both shewed me much favour, and on the day of the violent oppo- sition to the street preaching in Athlone, his Lordship stood nobly by me, and solemnly warned the persecutors, the ring- leader of whom was a respectable lawyer. I wrote a long letter to my dear wife and daughter at Blackrock, Dublin, during our detention at Queenstown, as also to several other friends, and despatched all, by the boat which brought the mails. — At 11 o'clock p.m. the word of command passed along, and soon the lifting gear of the anchor was set to work, while the sailors intoned their usual ditty in mea- sured style — " Oome heave «w|i7, boys, we're oil bound to sea." This done, the helm obeyed, and off we sped with great rapidity, " Outward BoundJ'^ Now berths regulated, and all on the qui vive, to court if possible the embraces of "tired Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep" (which many were deprived of the night before), but I fear it was all in vain. Wq had a ^ood many cabin pas- RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 5 scngcrs and a vast numbor of omigranta as stconigo panscn- gors, porliaps with crow, not loss than ono thousand — many of these wore Irish, going to seek the homo, tho shelter atnl the subsistence which tho land of thoir birth denied them, and now most likely musing over thoir future destiny in u far distant land, so pathetically expressed by Thomas Cuini)- boU in his " Exile of Krin." Tho following is a spocimeu. " Erin, my coantrjr, though sad and fomaken, 'n dreams I reviiilt thy sun buaton Hhore ; Hut, alas l in a far foreign land I awaken, And aiffh for the friends who can meet me no morf. Whore ia my cabin door, fast bv the wild wood f Sisters anil sire, did ye weop for Its fall? Whore is the mother that loolcod on my childhood, And where is the bosom friend, dearur tiian all T Yet, all its sad recollections suppressing ; One dying wiHh my lone boHom can draw, Erin— an exile bequeaths thee his bluSHiUh, Land of my forefathers, Erin-go-Drayli '— (Ireland for ever ) The sleeping cabin assigned to me had four berths, and, of jourse, I had three cabin companions. In the lower one, just pposite mine, I found there liy a Presbyterian minister from he North of Ireland, and on his way to America to raise *• a Histentation Fund " for his own poor congregation, as they were likely soon to lose '* the Regium Donum." 1 thought ihis was surely wisdom in its own generation, but not by aking the bill and writing so and so (that was for others to o), but by " taking time by the forelock." Nor do 1 think e could adopt either of the excuses mentioned by the toward in the Gospel, " to dig I am not able," for he was ne of the stoutest young men on board ; nor could he say, ' to beg I am ashamed." I found him a very conversable nd agreeable companion ; he was dreadfully sea sick, but ortunately I had plenty of peppermint water, with which I lied him, as I was supplied by my kind hostess, Mrs. Gin, of Jueenstown ; and by the way, 1 may remark that no pas- jnger should be without it. It was equally acceptable to ur other two woe-begone companions overhead ! I was enerally pretty calm, and able to attend to others. The oung squire over our reverend friend, was from the county ilkenny, who seemed to think Uiat an odd little oath could him no very great harm ; still, however, he was very vil and took counsel, and was near becoming " a Total bstainer," which would be the best feather in his wing ; 6 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, Iio uIho found out tho socrot that tlioro wuh ii grout difl'cr- QtiCQ hotvroon praying and saying prayers! I liopo lio miiy keep to hirt vow. Tho young tnan ovor mo wuh from Mnn- choster ; lu; got l.itely married, hut ho loft his wifo bohitul, iis it iippcurH that bol >ro hiH marriage, ho phiyod the prodigal feiirfully, and lie waa now going to tho New World to beeomo a new man ! but I fear change of dimato will avail little in changing character ; both of thoHo young men are very agreeable, and sometimes we all prayed together ! I found that my clerical friend was very high up in tho School of Geneva ; but wc agrecil to differ. I wished to obtjiin a view of tho ocean by moonlight — accordingly I went on deck about 1? o'clock, p.m. on this first night. Tho scene was awfully grand ; tho wind still blow right ahead, and although ono could not call it a hurricane yet tho sea waa very rough and raged fearfully — tho surges rose as if in regal majesty, and as if obeying tho voice of tho Head Commander mentioned in Psalm cvii. 27 — ** They reel to and fro," &c. "Roll on thou boundlesA ocean. Roll on. thou Klorlou.s iiea, Roll on with coosulesB motion. The fetterless, the free." I met a Virginian gentleman on deck (perhaps a quondam planter), he said in the course of conversation, when he found that I belonged to the ministerial order, " I am very glad ycu are coming out, as I hope you will preach to those black niggers, and induce them to work ; for we can't get them to do anything now, they are worse than ever." I said, " there may be (and likely will be) abuses, but very often those abuses are only the natural results of greater evils, such as long oppression," &c. It may be the rebounding of a bow long bent, what Mr. Wesley called " the execrable sura of all villanies," slavery, and especially " American slavery." I returned to my berth, but found my friends still awake. Dr. Dixon said in giving his prescriptions for sea sickness, " Resolution does great things in seafaring life," but as fur as I could judge neither resolution, good temper, or amia- bility will soothe the agitation of a bilious stomach ; when people now speak, it is generally with bated breath, but it affords very little comfort to say that time and patience are RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 7 the boat hoalors. No doubt, if John Wesley wore consulted ho would recommend, in luldition to everything cIho, Boniu ingrediento of wlmt ho culled the old ** unfaahionublu medi- cine," numoly prayer — it brings every blessing from above— " It aeljei, aoothon, loftoni, tiibduoii jrct miiitAini, ut« paaniuii In clialiis." Friday^ 80— We are now going at the amazing rate of about 300 miles in 24 hours; the officer who watches the compass can tell not only the exact position of toe vessel but also the exact number of miles of speed in each hour. What a world of wonders has turned up in sea farmg life, since poor Columbus crossed the Atlantic, now near 400 years ago, and what may not yet take place. Saturday, Novembin- 1th, {IQth day.)— W© are now within 14 . THE NEW WORLD : OR, 280 miles of New York ; the storm has abated a little ; we are on the eve of another hallowed Sabbath, (the second). I know I am remembered by those at home who have great influence with " The Pilot of the Gallilean Lake." Thank God, I can realize the truth of the following lines — " When passing through the watery deep, I ask in faith his promised aid, The waves an awful distance keep ; And shrink from my devoted liead ; Fearless their violence I dare, They cannot harm, for God is there." I was enabled to barbarize to-night pretty well, although the vessel was rather unsteady. *• Where there's a will there is (generally) a way." In the course of the day I spoke to some of the emigrants. I found the Irish language acted as a key to some of their hearts, especially in a place where they did not expect it; they said, " We never thought that a Pro- testant minister could speak thus in our own language." Many of these steerage passengers suffer much in cold wea- ther, and often strong drink is resorted to as a remedy. One man, who was more than half drunk, cursed by his Sa- viour, for which a German reproved him ; but he received for his kindness nothing but a volley of oaths in return. The Germans, who understood a little English, listened to me with great interest; and to others I spoke by an interpreter. They were mostly Lutherans, but of the dissenting class from the Established Church, like the Dissenters in England. parfedlotts case of jprobigalitg. I also conversed with the son of a late captain of one of her Majesty's men-of-war, and who served in the Crimea; he is also nephew to one of the greatest sea captains of the line of battle ships now afloat ; but, alas ! this young man, spiritually speaking, is a leper, and indeed in body he seems little better : he is paralyzed nearly all over with rheuma- tism, and yet a great blasphemer, a great drunkard, a card player, and of all manner of gambling habits, a buffoon, and a song singer. I pitied him greatly, and now and then fol- lowed him to his cabin, and even ventured to pray with and for him. He is sometimes unable to rise, and is scarcely ever more irreverent than when in pain ; and yet, with all this mass of evil, there was a something underlying which RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 1§ responded to the voice of sympathy : he said, " You are the only gentleman on board." I suppose because I paid him some attention. " The rest of them," said he, " don't care Avhether I was dead or alive." In reference to his father's death he said, " The old chap is gone ; I buried him a few days ago ; ho was a good old fellow, he said his prayers and died, and left me plenty of money." It appears that this poor fellow was sent to sea when he was very young, and was surrounded with the very worst kind of evil associations. He gave himself over to all manner of wickedness, and is now off to America, on (I fear) the last stride of prodigality and vice I • At one time of his seafaring life he was one of a few who were cast ashore, while about 400 others perished in the wreck ! But all this had no effect. How truly may we ex- claim, " What is man ? " " Can the Ethiopian change his slcin or the leopard his spots ? then may ye also do good, that ""e accustomed to do evil." He, however, treated me at least ith all manner of civility, and would strive to restrain him- lelf in my presence from blasphemy. He was unfortunately ssociated with the band of comedians on board, a superior lass in their way, but as thoughtless as the wild ass's colt, ever Solomon's description of the godless was true, it was oubly so here, " Yea alfio, the heart of the sons of men is 11 of evil, and madness is in their heart while they live, d after that they go to the dead." — Eccl. ix. 3. Sfwonb Sabbat^ Scrbke--|pwsbglman Sf«nmr«. Sabbath, Sth November, (11th day.) — Prepared for worship the saloon. I engaged the two Presbyterian ministers to ^ist, as the captain committed this matter to me. The )ctor of the vessel assisted me in reading the prayers, as the |,ptain expected the pilot, and I got one of the Presbyterian [inisters to read the two lessons. I persuaded the other to peach ; his text was, " My beloved is mine, and I am his." mg of Solomon, ii. 16. He introduced the subject by ring that this relationship was not human but divine, and it it implied, first, the relationship between the eternal ither and the eternal Son ; and proved it by the address of Father to the Son at his baptism, " This is my beloved l6 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, ' Son,' &c. I believe he wanted to establish the Eternal Sonship at a time when our Unitarian friends could not well oppose. Secondly, he said, it may refer to Christ's love to the be- liever ; as if he said, " My beloved (disciple) is mine, and I am his (Saviour.) " Thirdly, it may be regarded as the be- liever's love to Christ, as " My beloved (Saviour) is mine, and I am his (property) " — by covenant, by purchase, and by voluntary dedication. I thought there was a good deal of ingenuity and clearness in the whole affair ; but certainly the Genevan School was not forgotten now and then. Still I was pleased with the earnestness in the application. The saloon was filled ; the singing was admirable, and I concluded with an extemporaneous prayer. Immediately after, there was much excitement when it was announced that the Ame- rican pilot was on board. I must confess I could not resist the gratification of shaking hands with my Yankee friend, and dropped a word or two on the kind Providence by which our bark outrode the raging billows and the storm. I did indeed thank my gracious God from the ground of my heart, or as some would say, from my "heart of hearts." After dinner " land a-head " was sounded out, and heard with great de- light. The eyes were immediately strained to mark the out- lines, and glasses were laid under pleasing contribution. I think it was Sandy Hook we saw first. It is 18 miles from the city, and towards night we saw the lighthouse on it. We soon anchored. What pleasing sensations of safety pass over the mind ! "J'he idea of the pilot being on board to watch the shallows, the sand banks, and the shoals, to point out the rocks and the reefs, and to avoid the whirlpools, the eddies, and the narrows ; and now within sight of land. Here we should reflect on the period when the spiritual voyager, imder the direction of the Galilean Pilot, shall near the shore of the heavenly Canaan, so well expressed thus — With cheerful hope her eyes explore Each landmark on the distant shore : The tree of life, the pastures green, The golden streets, the crystal stream ; Again with joy she claps her wings, And loud her lovely sonnet sings Vain world, Adieit. RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 17 Monday Morning (\2th day) — Nov. dtfi. — New York in Bew ! — At early morn we began to move along (with Staten Bland and Forthamilton on either side) the smooth and glassy Ifater of the New York harbour ; one of the richest pieces picturesque bay and land scenery in this wide world. We )on cast anchor close to shore, and in view of the great ihy, reminding one of Hebrews vi. 19., "Which hope we we as an anchor of the soul, both sure and steadfast, and fhich entereth into that within the veil ; whither the Fore- mner is for us entered ; " and reminding us also of the Ijoining verse of the above stanza — " As nearer still she draws to land. How eagerly her powers expand, With steady helm and well bent sail, Her anchor drops within thp veil. Exulting now she claps her wings, And her triumphant anthem sings, Glory to Ood." $n |ris^ Itfobleman's (S>ovibttmn, sbonl l^e gtar 1815. The repetition of those verses reminds me of the following ery interesting anecdote. It appears that about the above le, one of our former General Missionaries (Mr. A.) had een over to England on some Church business ; and, on his fetvum, h« found there was an Irish nobleman on board, [he weather was delightful, the sea -"ery calm, and the sky Bry clear. His Lordship asked if they could have some lusic. Mr. A. who was close by, said, " Perhaps your )rdship would have no objection to a little vocal music." [is Lordship expressed his pleasure, when Mr. A., who had most melodious voice, sang the hymn in connection with lie above two stanzas. The first verse I'll introduce here — " When for eternal worlds we steer, When seas are calm and skies are clear ; And faith, in lively exercise, The distant hills of Canaan spies ; And then for joy she claps her wings, And loud her lovely anthem sings, Vain world, adieu." His Lordship was enraptured, and entreated Mr. A. to ig it again. He did so, and it only heightened his Lord- bip's delight, even beyond measure. He entered into fami- conversation with the Missionary, who was a man of ccellent address. His Lordship invited him to call at his 2 l8 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, rewdence at M . It is most likely he did so: Bome time after this, his Lordship became alarmingly ill, and he sent off at once for his old friend, Mr. A., who, although at some considerable distance, was soon by his Lordship's bed side : His Lordship said, " Mr. A., I am dying, the doctor! hare given me up ; and what shall I do? I wish you to ex- plain the ' New Birth,' as recorded in the 3rd chapter of St. John's Gospel." Mr. A. did so. "Well," said hi« Lordship, " if that be the nature of it, I was never bom again ; and I am dying, what shall I do? " Mr. A., of course, failed not to make the way of salvation very plain, and went to prayer; and, while so engaged, his Lordship exclaimed, " I feel happy, and am not afraid to die." Ima- gination must aid us here. What must have been the feel- ings of Mr. A. and of those who could rejoice in his Lord- ship's joy. From that time he began to recover, and was restored, to the comfort of his family and the joy of all who knew him. His life was at once remodelled, " old things were done away, and all things became new." It is even said that he and his family now walked to Church, rather than break the Sabbath by driving in their carriage. The neighbourhood and his tenantry, and, no doubt, the nobility also soon felt the wonderful effects. Mr. A. of course became a great favourite with his Lordship; and was, at all times, welcome to the castle. Both are now gone to the spirit land ; where there are no earthly distinctions ; where royal crowns and coro- nets are laid at the feet of Jesus, and exchanged for those which are eternal and will never fade. Both will bless God for the day they ever met, when crossing the Irish Channel. His Lordship could now truly sing the following lines— <• Let the world their virtue boast, Their works of righteousness : 1, a wretch, undone and lost, Ajn freely saved by grace Other titles I disclaim ; This, only this, is all my plea, I the chief of sinners am. But Jesus died for me." I mentioned the above to Lord Oastlemaine ; and oh, with what delight did his son, the Honourable R. Handcocl (» truly Christian gentleman) meet me in Dublin since my re- turn, and said, " I read with great pleasure your letters to my dear father." How necessary " to be instant in season RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. ig Bnd out of season." It also reminds me of Lord Molesworth, whoso conversion the Rev. James Lynch used to tell us of, and which took place in India; and of Lord Bloomfield, of whom Dr. G. Scott writes so touchingly in his little book, called, A Coronet laid ai the feet of Jesus." And of how many more, the day will declare it But wo see " Tig not in titleH, weRlth. or rank, To make ui truly blest." €^t Sfetalre— ParbtUooft 0itb8. I was no little astonished and indeed no little grieved by conversation I had with the mother of a young lady, who, appears, joined the comedian band on board, in London, Lnd came out with them 1 The mother accompanied the laughter, and appeared respectable. She told me that she Vas the widow of a London clergyman, that she had several ps and daughters, and all were provided for, and that this |rl was her youngest daughter, and that she was very ligioua; had taught in a Sabbath School ; that she herself is very religious also, that she gave subscriptions to the lissions, and that her minister regularly visited her and her ^ildren, and was very fond of them, &c. "And how was I said, " that your daughter could enter on such a life [the stage? " " Oh well, you know," she replied, " that we have our own tastes and views; and she just *ook a fancy I this mode of life, and it appeared to be her providential [y.'' " Well," said I; " it must be a very dangerous ex- |:iment, and one, I fear, that Providence would rather pro- ?it than sanction." •' Well, you know,'* she said again, re all have our trials, and we must submit, and bear them iently." *' But," said I, " surely you would not like your jghter to die in such an employment, as that of the stage." well you know," said she, " God knows everything, and en we are where He would have us to be, I think it is all same in whatever situation of life we are placed." I was rally amazed, to see how far the mind can be persuaded jthe performance of things not only questionable, buD, lally contrary to the whole genius and spirit of Christi- |;y, which requires us to " Come out from among the un- jly." I pitied the dear young creature from my very rt, young (19 years), handsome^ unsophisticated^ and \>h. I said to myself, alas for such mothers, and ten 40 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, thousand timea alas for such daughters I I warned ard en- treated ; but I fear it was to little purpose. I read, while in America, of the death of a young actress who seemed tc me to have had all the marks of this very young lady. How often is it verified, ** The simple pass on and are punished." It was very remarkable that the cap- tain asked me one day after dinner, '* Why I would not go to the theatre." Several of the theatricals were present, and among the number was this young person, of which I was not aware. " Well," I said, " I'll give u very quaint, but simple reason, which a pious man once gave to a person who pressed him to go to the theatre, * No,' said he, ' I will not go,' ' And why ?' said the other. ♦ Now,' said he, * there is one reason widi many others. Suppose I did go, and died there, and when I went to the gates of glory,! was asked, " Well, brother, where are you coming from? " Now, would I not be ashamed to say that I was coming from a playhouse to glory.'" When I met the captain afterwards, he said to me, " That answer you gave about the play-house, cut very deep. The young lady that was present," said he, "was one of the parly." I said, " I did not know her ; but if it suited, per- liaps it might be a word in season." I also found that the captain himself was soft, and wanted a word, by the way. The following conversation was nearly as surprising, but not quite so alarming, as the above. It was with a yotmg man, one of the stewards of the vessel. His antecedents bore all the marks of the marvellous. It appeaia that early in life he was cast upon the world, can scarcely remember his parents; went to sea when young, and was once cast away in a wreck on a distant shore ; and at another time had nearly lost his life, by a wave of the sea, which rolled over the vessel, and rolled him, by its tremendous power, into a boiler of scalding water, by which he was nearly par- boiled. He was in the Crimean war ; stood hard engage- ments, had his skull fractured, and now fills this arduous stewardship. He regards himself with great complacency, as the child of fate and fortune, because he had his head examined in New York by a phrenologist, for which he |)aid a dollar, lie Qbtait^ed inarms fpr no }ess than lOQ RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. if remarkable developmonta. The last wore, " That ho was one of the fiivourod few, superior to misfortune ; that he was Attached to life, dreads death, hut craves immortality.'* It is very remarkable that lie seemed to have gotten no bad developments in the whole lot. I thought surely this was Bufhcient to turn the man's brains, if he had any ; or left him brainless altogether. It reminds me of the following conversational anecdote, which I read while in America, between a Quaker and an infidel.— An infidel, who was arguing with a venerable shrewd Quaker on the merits of Christianity, said " I'll never believe anything but what I have either seen myself or heard of from one who did see it, and in whos« word I can believe. I deny everything else." " Friend," said the Quaker, " Were you ever in London or Paris ? " " No,'* said he, •' I was not." " Do you believe there are such places? " " Yes," said he, '♦ I do." " Why," said his Quaker friend, " I thought you would never believe in anything but what you saw.'* " Yes,'' said he, " but I have a friend that did see them, and I believe him.'' «* So then you will believe nothing but what yourself or some other person saw ?" " No," said he, " I will not." " Friend," said the Quaker, " Dost thou believe that thou hast any brains? " " Yes, I do," said the infidel ! " Didst thou ever see them 7 " " No," said he. " Did any one else ever see them?" "No," said he. "Then, I suppose thou hast none, as neither thyself nor any one else ever saw them 1 " The fool was answered according to his own folly, or according to the Psalmist, " he made a pit and fell into it himself ;" he was completely confounded ; how dangerous it is to lean on our own understanding ; " Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall." After getting my trunks examined on the Custom House Wharf, and just as I was leaving the outer gate, a Custom House officer tapped me on the shoulder, and asked me to take a chair for a few minutes in an office close by. He soon returned, and asked me as to my ministerial position. I said, " I am a Methodist preacher from Ireland." " That will do, sir," said he, " excuse me for delaying you." It is likely he went to the Captain and asked him as to my pro» 22 . THE NEW WORLD ; OR, fession, and having heard that I was " a Methodist parson," all was right ; it is likely my white tie confirmed the Cap- tain's statement, but I really do not wonder at persons being suspected for conveying goods about their persons, and I was pretty formidable looking, being well lined with flannels. But, it is said, that many have absolutely secreted goods in this felonious way from the old country to a very great extent, and some have been detected with great money's worth on their persons, so that it requires the officers to be very particular. I have also heard of ladies (if they can be called such) secreting in the seams and folds of their under- dresses large quantities of silks. This I consider an abomi- nation. Here I must record a most painfully tragic, and, I regret to say, fatal occurrence, but intermingled with mercy, which took place after we left the steamer to-day, and in connection with her being brought into dock. On my return in the evening to inquire after two missing boxes of mine, and on my entrance on the vessel, which was now in dock, I found that one of the steerage stewards was mortally wounded a few hours before by the wheel which lifts the anchor. He was lying in the little ship hospital, but it was not my phrenological friend. I inquired as to his religious profes- sion ; and, when I found that he was a Protestant, at once I proposed prayer, to which he nodded assent. He appeared very weak with the loss of blood, and in much pain. I had great liberty in praying for him, and he appeared to be very anxious. I heard chat when he was struck by the wheel, and found himself mortally wounded, that he manifested the most intense alarm about his going into eternity, and unpreparer'/^o meet God. His cries for mercy were most piercing, and continued so, while he had any strength ; I scarcely ever felt eternity so near, and the Lord gave me great nearness to Himself in prayer ; and indeed I felt as if God had both heard and answered, at least aa far as his soul's interest was concerned. He disd next day in the City Hospital ; I called, but he was gone ; and I trust gone to Abraham's bosom, the Paradise of God. Of him we may truly say, " Is not this a brand plucked from the burning? " How mysterious the whole affair ; my going to America, RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 23 at this time ; the missing boxes, &c. Some would attribute it all to chance ; but we will adopt the sentiment of the poet, and say — " God moves In a mysterious way, His wonders to perform ; He plants his footsteps on the sea. And rides upon the storm.' (Emigrants. The steerage passengers were taken off to Castle Crarden, where their luggage is examined ; and where every attention is now paid to the emigrants, a great improvement on former times. They are also provided for during a certain time, if necessary to stay. The buildings include a money ex- change office, baggage and express offices, sheds and stables, medical rooms, waiting rooms, information offices, &c. There is a large shelter for emigrants in inclement weather, where they may remain while their baggage is being ar- nnged and examined, and their future settled. There is a commission formed in New York for the purpose of aiding needy emigrants, &c. During the last year (1869) 66,000 emigrants came from Ireland, 100,000 from Germany, and 41,000 from England, making about the third of a million 1 The Commissioners are bound to report annually to the Legislature of the State of New York. They have founded depots, where emigrants can work, and live pro tern., but no pay. The chief of these is Ward's Island, in extent about 240 acres ; this provides for from 1,200 to 3,000 emigrants. There are hospitals, nurseries, schools, a church, an asylum, a dispensary, a barrack ; workshops, stables, and all kinds of places necessary to the abode of men and beasts. There were 11,000 persons admitted last year ; 5,000 had to go to hospital, and the remainder took refuge until pro- vided for. It will be pleasing for emigrants to know this care of the Commissioners for the poor stranger, and that there is help for them in time of need ! But better still if they can appropriate the following lines : — " I will never, never leave thee, ; ^.. ,;:.■- I will never thee forsake ; , i ,• I will guard and save and keep thee, For my name and mercy's sake. Fear no evil, fear no evil, Only all my counsel take ; For I'll never, never leave thee, I will never thee forsake." For more information on the above subject, see Appendiji. 24 THE NEW WORLD; OR, llefltctions on t^e l^ogage. Fir^ Day in New York. — Now safely landed and safely housed in New York, thank God ! and in reviewing the scenes of the last twelve days, I must " stand still and see the sal- vation of God." We came on board with wind and storm ahead, which scarcely ever abated until we came in sight of land. Whaf" an emblem of the trials of life, and of the conflicts of probation. By the good hand of our God upon us, we had, on the whole, an admirable passage for speed and safety ; and may well sing with Peter Bohler—> " Thine arm hath safely brought us, A way no more expected, Than when thy sheep passed through the deep By crystal walls protected. I Thy glory was our rereward ; Thine hand our lives did cover, And we, even we, have passed the sea. And marched triumphant over." I now feel all the pleasurable sensations of safety, although I had no fear all through ; but, what will the sensation be, when safely moored in the port of eternal bliss, " when the voyage of life's at an end, and the mortal affliction is past," I could almost cry aloud, " Hosanna to the Son of David," and raise an Ebenezer stone ! Jesus is precious ; a Triune God is gracious, and hallowed fellowship constitutes a heaven on earth. I trust I will love Him more, and fear and serve Him better than ever ; I found it good all through to read the Bible daily, and to cultivate the spirit of watchfulness and prayer, and nothing but constant power from on high will enable one to do this. I was much pleased also on reading Captain Seymour's " Tour through the Holy Land." Perhaps rarely could there be found in one vessel, sudi a great diversity of human character, of all shades of opinion, both on political, religious and scientific subjects ; and we had various professions in life as well. We had on board the Yankee tourist, returning from his European trip ; the plodding merchant, almost like Atlas with a world of care on his shoulders ; the politician, and the diplomatist, with their thousand and one remedies for the amelioration of down- trodden humanity, to let the oppressed go free, to redress their grievances, to alleviate their woes, and to remove all abuses in Church and State ; for these purposes, some RECENt VISIT TO AMERICA. ij would apply the anodyne and the elixir of universal freedom ; others the stimulant of despotic rule ; and others, "All the pomp and glorious circumstance of war." But few appeared to appreciate that old-fashioned, sovereign Bible panacea, " Righteousness exalteth a nation, while sin is a reproach to any people." I was sorry to find so much levity and thoughtlessness on sacred subjects ; for one would imagine that when the uncertainties of life are so great as they are on sea, every passenger especially would be as serious as the grave. The contrary was the rule ; and even intemperance prevailed to a considerable extent. It was said that one gentleman's bill for stimulants alone came to £30 ; I found it difficult to propose the more excellent way except by example ; I did, however, speak when opportunitj^ offered. Some of us sang hymns occasionally ; and as often did others smg the unmeaning or the flippant song; whUe others enjoyed themselves in what they called innocent games, and, while others told foolish stories, mingled with "The loud laugh, which spoke the vacant mind." And yet on the Sabbath morning, perhaps, all would appear as devout as saints. They reminded me of what is said of JiUius Caesar, who ordered Christ to be numbered with the gods of Rome, and that aU should be equally worshipped : or hke the Syrians of old, "who feared the Lord, and yet served theur own gods." I had some very pleasing opportu- nities of conversing with many on the subject of vital re- ligion, and concerning whom I have good hope; and whom I expect to meet in the " better land," and in a brighter dime ! Some dear friends met me at the Custom House. or rather at the place of landing, and took me home to their hospitable dweUing ; some of these were old friends, whom I tormerly knew in Ireland, and with whom I formerly cor- responded for years on the best of all subjects, that of hohness. This is the great theme and the great power ot the American churches; and " without it none (either in ijurope or America or in any other part of the universe) SrT -? ^""'^'L ^""^ ^^<^^"gh "i* o^ly blossoms in celestial air." yet millions on earth can already sing, who have by faith ascended Zion's hill— / e. " " The men of grace have found Glory begun below ; Celestial fruit on earthly gro-ind. From faith and hope may grow." 26 THE NEW world; OR, Chapter $if, imi «ImK's loutnal in fefa iorh, msUe, 4-t. "If so poor a worm as I ' May to thy great glory live, All my actions sanctify. AH my words and thoughts receive: Claim me for thy service, claim All I have and all I am." Second Day in New York— Bishop Janes— Bishop Morris-Missionary Committee— Dr. ElUott, his Death— Francis Armstrong, his Death —Rev. Mr. De Pay— Letter Home— Bishop Kingsley's Death- Bishop Thompson's Death— Dr. M'Clintock's Death— St. Paul's Methodist Church— Ministerial Reception— Persecution in the Southern Statas-Hotel— Black Servants— Old Friends from Ire- land— Dr. Harris— 37th Street Church— Missionary Addresses— Diploma— Sunday School Banner— Names of Classes- Forthamil- ton — Marauder — Speeches— Bishop Kingsley-Death— Sunday School— Powerful Element. TUESDAY, Kou. lOf/i, 1868, (2nd Day in New Torh). I called at the City Hospital to inquire for the stew- «^.« ard of the vessel, who was mortally wounded yester- day, and the first word I heard from the gate keeper was, " He died last night." I felt as if I had delivered my soul, and I have hope in his death. His name was Bennett, and from Liverpool where his wife and family reside. Alas ! what painful news it must have been to them. I hope they may also hear about the hope there was in his death. I called on Bishop Janes at his own house, which is not "a palace, but a very plain dwelling. Here I met the venerable Bishop Morris, who, with the other bishops, had just come to the city, to attend the Missionary Committee for the distribution of the Missionary money for the ensuing year. I presented some of my letters of introduction to Bishop Janes, especially the one from the Eev. W. Arthur, A.M. It might be regarded as a letter dimissory. It ran somewhat thus—" To the Bishops, Elders, Heads of CoUeges and Ministers of all Denominations in America, greeting, &c. I have the pleasure of introducing the bearer, who goes with the leave of his Conference to visit his friends and the RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. ^7 churches in America. His presence will justify the recoff. mtion of tiie Rev. W. G. Campbell, &c._I am/yours, wS. Arthur." I had also letters from the English President, the Eev. R. Hall ; the ex-President, the Rev. John Bedford ; the Rev. Messrs Tobias, M'Kay, M'MuUen, Dr. Scott and many others Both bishops hailed me at once as a brother mmiater, and after the usual inquiries about the Irish Brethren espsciahy Dr. Scott, Mr. Arthur, and Mr. ReiUy, &c., Bishop Janes said, "Brother Campbell, would you allow me to publish for you to preach on next Lord's Day ? " I said, "Yes, if you do not exceed three or four times." He smiled, as if a bishop would scarcely go that far ! It 18 said, however, that Newman Hall, of London, frequently preached four times m the day during his recent visit I ^STT* ,?v!'^°? ^^""'^ '' °°^ ^°^>' i° t^e service, but St U hale, although 75 years of age! I inquired for Dr. Elliott, whom Bishop Janes had seen a few days before, and nearly a thousand miles away west, he was then only recover- ing from paralysis A few months after this he passed away o the better land, to meet his sainted fathers in^e <.ospel, the Rev. Ed. Hazleton and the Rev. Geo. Burrowes who travelled the Donegal Mission in Ireland, where he was converted to God many years ago. Bishop Janes also Tn- TfCVT'^'^ll '^' ^^'^T'^y Distribution Committee " on the Friday following. I then called on Mr. Francis Armstxong from Ireland, to whom I had a line of introduc- tion from T. Cronhelm, Esq, of DubUn, and who was I beheve, instrumental in his conversion in Skerries. I p^'ed an agreeable hour with him. He has since passed aC to the spirit land: he fell in one of the streets of New York when going one evening to meet his class ; but the lamp w2 rJ. l'™'"'/; ^^1 ^'' ^'^^' burning, and sudden deaK him was sudden glory. I saw him a few months before on t^eeveof my leaving New York, and his last wordsr^^: rfter'fhif uJ'^^"' ^" ''"^^*- He lived for three months after this, althougn apparently then near the shore. " Soul beloved, adieu, adieu • Thine the bliss, but mine' the pail Hero we die to live anew ; Now we part to meet again.' "dCI^t'^r city."" " ™'^ '^' '""■" '" ^ "™"S« '«H 2^ THE NEW WORLD ; OR, Wednesday J 11th November.— To-day I called on our Irish friend and much respected brother, Mr. John Elliott, banker. He received me with great cordiality. It was unnecessary to present a very kind letter of introduction from our mutual friend, Dr. Scott ; he invited me at once to the rights of hospitality. We conversed about all our Irish affairs, and especially about the doings of " the New York Irish Advisary Committee," who came forward so nobly andofEeredto supply what the American Conference had withdrawn the year before from " the Irish General Mission." I called on the editors of the Christian Advocate, Dr. Corry and the Rev. Mr. De Puy, D.D,, who is also the pastor of Old John-street Church. I was much pleased with them. Mr. De Puy is of French extraction ; and at once he had me advertised to preach in Philip Embury's Church, John- street, on the following Sabbath evening ; I was previously engaged by Bishop Janes to take Dr. Harris's Church in the morning. He is son-in-law to the bishop. He was converted from Judaism in Montreal many years ago, and has been a faithful minister of Christ, and very popular. How wonderful are the ways of the Lord. The following is an extract from my first letter, written to Europe after I arrived. " [ have seen sights enough to convince me of the greatness of this city ; the buildings are marvellous, and " Broadway " is (it is to be feared) too much so in nature as well as in name. If they had called it "ionflfwai/'' it would be far more appropriate, for it is almost endless. It is illusory, and like a fairy scene ; the weather fine, so that all things seem to favour ; surely God counts the hairs. How kind and fatherly to anticipate sudb turning points. What motives have we to love, and fear, and follow Him faithfully and fully." Thursday, lith Nov. 1868—1 spent part of this day at Fort Hamilton (about ten miles from the city), with a very well ofE nephew of Mrs. C.'s, and his amiable wife and three daught«rs. They are in great agitation just now, as a moat daring robbery was attempted in the neighbourhood, a few nights before, resulting in tragic circumstances. The rob- ber concealed himself on the roof of a gentleman's house, close by, and was waiting for midnight, to plimder. There concealed, the gentleman found him in the evening ; and in RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. ^^ attempting to lay hold on him, the marauder drew a pistol, and shot the gentleman in the mouth. He is now lying in a most precarious state ; and since then the whole Fort was well nigh being blown up, by a fire which broke out close by the powder magazine. But when the fire was just rag- ing at the door, the wind most providentially turned, and kept off the flames; otherwise every house within miles, would have been shattered. But life and property were thus, by what we may well call a hair-breadth escape, re- deemed. How insecure are all things earthly ; how dan- gerous to expect to derive all our happiness from them. Keal happiness is not there. No wonder the immortal Young would admonish thus — " Lean not on earth ; a broken reed at best, bnt oft a apear On whose sharp point peace bleeds, and hope expires." The visit appeared timely, and all appeared grateful for the protecting arm and watchful eye of the Most High. I trust the events will be sanctified. We had a good time at family devotion. On my return from the city, with my kind niece, who accompanied me, I was struck with the illuminated splendour of Broadway. Varied forms of flam- ing gas jets burned brilliantly before hotels and theatres. I thought again of the appellation, " Broadway." Friday, ISth Nov — Visited the " Missionary Distribution Conunittee,'' at Mulberry- street, to-day, at which all the Bishops (nine) are expected to attend, and representatives from all the Conferences. There were eight bishops present, Bishop Baker was absent from illness. I was introduced by Bishop Janes, as Gideon Ouseley's successor, from Ireland, that I had proper credentials to visit America. The meet- ing received me standing up, I suppose to show respect for the Irish Conference. I was requested to take my seat among the Bishops. And who would not consider it an honour to sit among such a body of men ? No state, no pomp, no parade ; and, as to dress, no particular mark of distinction, true Scriptural bishops, not a distinct ordery but an office^ primus inter pares, first, or chief among equals ; their superiority arising from the greatness of their labour^ their good sense, general knowledge, and deep piety. The extent of territory assigned to each, for Episcopal limits, is beyond all conception; and perhaps from home, not 30 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, less than nine months in the year. I was charmed with their mode of debate. Every man seemed to be perfectly at home, and every man kneW how far to go, and when to stop ; and that was just when he was done. Igis^op J^ingsUg's Sptec^—Jeat^, &t. On this day, Friday 13th, Bishop Kingsley, who lately returned from Germany and other parts of Europe, where the Methodist Episcopal Church have established missions, (and which he visited in his capacity of bishop, to preside at the Annual Conferences,) gave us a most amusing and graphic description of the very plain domestic and social habits of some classes of society in Germany, especially those in agricultural life. With these difficulties their mis- sionaries had to contend. He said, " Their habits were so plain, that he felt at a loss for suitable terms to describe them." I thought the contrast with some of our plainest specimens of Irish cabin life would rather raise us in the scale of civilization and decency. To have horses, and cows, and pigs, and fowl, and ploughs and harness, and all, in one long apartment with the family ; and that, at meal times, without a partition, and sleeping as well, astonished me. Sometimes the family is overhead. But here let me say, " Alas, for the brevity of human existence." How little did this dear man, or his brethren, who were listening with such interest, imagine that in little more than a year after this, he would have joined the Church trium- phant. The following was published at a subsequent period, to my visit to New York: — "Bishop Kingsley is now off again, and intends to visit the other three continents, India, Africa, and Europe, and to preside at all the Con- ferences." The one at Lucknow, of which our Irish brother. Dr. Butler, was the father, must be very interesting to the Bishop, especially to meet several preachers, who escaped the horrors of " The Indian Mutiny and massacre.'* No doubt we shall soon have an account of his travels, almost round the world ; and for a far higher motive than that even of How- ard, whose mission of humanity was called, "A Circumnavi- gation of Charity," but which after all was confined to the charity of the body, while that of Kingsley was " The charity of the soul, which is the soul of charity," to be instru- mental in conferring on mankind a liberty infinitely superior RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 3X even to that of which his own country boivsts ; a liberty of which the poet speaks thus — „ ^ , . " Thiit liberty unsung By poets, and by senators unpraiaed, which monarchs cannot grant, nor all the i. ow 918 Of earth and hell confederate take away •_ A liberty, which persecution, fraud, Oppression, prisons, have no power to bind." How little did the writer know, when the foregoing an- nouncement was made, that his last communication from China was on its way, and very likely his last on earth. It was written to the Boston Zion Herald, and dated, Foo Choo, China, Nov. 22, 1869. The Toronto Guardian also inserts it. The Editor says, " In a recent letter to Zion Herald, Bishop Kingsley gives an inside view of Chinese Methodism, which is full of interest and encouragement for the whole Church." The Bishop states, " Having now gone through my visitation to the Chinese Missions, I propose to give your readers a little insight into the workings of Methodism in China. I rejoice to believe that we have in this great empire, the broad and deep foundation for a glorious work in the fu- *"^®r* ^°^^ already giving bright promise of a speedy tri- umph." The Bishop then goes on to describe the Confer- ence, and gives an account of a case of discipline, and a specimen of the devotional powers of one of the native Ministers. The following is the case of discipline, which was exercised at the Conference on a preacher for not having gone to his Circuit after his appointment the year before. His name is La Cha Mi. There were three native ministers appointed as a committee on the case, and their finding is as follows (m part) : « We, three men of the Committee, carefully ex- amining, feel that the case is like that of (John) Mark's re- pentance and reformation ; therefore we intercede for him with the Church, asking that you will exercise the heart of Barnabas to forgive him ; and we hope that he will imitate Mark m not forgetting Barnabas's commendation of him and will even become useful to Paul. Amen." This was signed thus-." In the yejir of the incarnation of Jesus, 1869 ; " then the three names follow— Sia Sekong, Li Yu Mi, Hu Yong Mi thus reports. The acquaintance with Scripture is striking • see Acts xiii, and 1 Tim. iv. U. The bishop also gives a 32 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, sample, by translation, of the last prayer offered up in Con- ference, November 22nd, 1869, by a native minister of the name of Sia Sekong, perhaps one of the above—'* We give great thanks to Thee, God, our heavenly Father, the ever- lasting Jehovah, for what we, the lowest and most sinful of men, have seen in these our days. Great grace has been given us. We give thanks imto Thee, God, that the Holy Spirit has come down upon us. Now we ask that He may go with us to our work. Lord, pity us. The Bishop leaves us, and we go east, west, north and south. Help us day and night to pray. Help us not to be lazy. Help us before or behind men to follow our consciences. Help us not to aspire to be good-looking — to make a nice appearance, but to be true, to be faithful, to watch the sheep in every place. If one or two of us must leave the world before we meet again, we don't know : God knows. Help us to bear the crosses, even unto death, that we may glorify God in all our lives. May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ abide with us. Thus our hearts desire." The bishop states, " This brother, Sia Sekong, is a scholarly man, and one of the sweetest spirited men I ever became acquainted with. He moves in an atmos- phere of holy love." How little did the Bishop think when hearing that prayer, and when writing the above, (and which Bcarcely arrived in Boston until he was gone), that he himself was to be one of the very first called away. The Boston Herald, to which the Bishop communicated the above, says, *' We hope that all who thus see what God has wrought, will be more than ever devoted to the support of foreign missions. TheFoo Choo Methodist Episcopal Church Mission has now 50 ministerial-student helpers, and 1400 members." I have just read that the Board has resolved on sending out six ad- ditional Missionaries forthwith to China. Here we must again pause and exclaim, "What isour life?" " It is even as a vapour that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away." Was this ever more afifectingly seen than in the sudden removal of the energetic, enterprising, and devoted Bishop Kingsley? He literally took flight from the earthly to the heavenly Canaan. He died at Beyrout, in Syria, on the 6th of April, 1 87 0, and that suddenly. Like another Moses, he appeared to get the message, " Go, get thee up and die." He was coming from China and India to RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 55 attend the Irish and English Conferences, and to bear to them the fraternal greetings of his brethren in America. One writes thus on his sudden death, — selected from a long and appropriate poem — " KiiiBsley is gone ; fallen like a leaf Smitten by ono rude blast, ore broath Of Hwlft decay had waniud of death. Just fell upon Mount Lebanon, Then passed earth's horizon, and shone For evermore upon God's throne. " IIow mysterious ! but we must not " judge the Lord by feeble sense." After hearing him on that day in Mulberry-street on German life, I dined with him, Bishop Ames, Bishop Thompson, and Dr. A. Stephens, author of "American Me- thodism," at Mr. John Iiilliott's. Since then our amiable hostess (Mrs. Elliott) crossed the flood ! and our truly worthy Bishop Thompson followed soon after, and just a little before Bishop Kingsley. All were the cheerful guests of Mr. and Mrs. Elliott on that day. Mrs. E. died in August, 1869, very shortly after I left New York. Bishop Thompson died suddenly, March 22nd, 1870, and Bishop Kingsley as above (6th April, 1870) ; and now another honoured and much- lamented name is to be added to the triumphant host it is that of the immortal Dr. M'Clintock, who soared aloft to the mount above on the 4th of March, 1870. His last words were, " Yes, it will be all right, all right, all right." <' These all died in faith," and are now " for ever with the Lord." They fell on the high places of our Zion. " All great. Oh may we heed each lesson given, And seek, like them, to lead the vrorld to heaven.' I remember Bishop Thompson stating that he advocated the claims of Ireland at the General Conference of 1864 in Philadelphia on three principles, interest, duty, grati- ttide. The result was that 5,000 dollars were granted that year for " the Irish General Mission," and he was truly grieved that it was not annually continued. He was an Englishman by birth ; his was a noble spirit, and he seemed very much attached to me, as I was to him. After dinner we repaired to the reception ceremony of the Rev. Mr. Kut- ledge, who had just come as the new minister to Saint Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church. Here I met the elite of the laity of this church and of some of our other churches in 3 34 Tiin Nuw world; or, the city, and also sonio foreigners, to nearly all of whom I was introduced. '• The Groat National Missionary Conven- tion for the conversion of the world " was to be held in a few days, and this brought many distinguished visitors to the city, especially of the clerical order. I was struck at the absence of display among both sexes ; and their mode of recognition, when introduced, was equally simple, but very expressive, such as, '* I am most happy to meet you, and to have the pleasure of making your acquaintance." The reception room, which is connected with the church, holds 700 people. The bishops and their wives mingled in the throng, but attracted no particuhu: attention or notice more than others ; all seemed to be quite at home and easy of access. There was an abundant sujtply of unstimulating refreshments. Saturday, Nov. 14th — Attended the meeting of Directors again to-day. I was much affectedatthe mournful description which Bishop Janes gave us of some of the Southern State churches ; the persecution of many of our coloured people was terrible, and of some of our ministers also. Some of them were literally shot down like dogs, for their Republican principles, and all by slavery despondents. One young minister was cruelly tortured to death, because he would not promise to give up his principles. First they broke his legs, he refused still ; then they hung him up, he refused still ; then they despatched him. He now wears a martyr's crown. I was paid all manner of kind attention at lunch time, or what we would call a dinner, at the hotel. Dr. Durban, the Treasurer of Missions, was moat attentive. We had hotel cards handed to us by Dr. Harris, the Secretary of the Mission Board. There were from 40 to 60 waiters, all of colour, in the hotel, and very smart and aMentive. I thought still of the prediction of Noah, notwithstanding their emancipation — •' And Canaan shall be his servant," tliat is Japheth's, of whom Americans and Europeans are said to be the descendants; but some say that the term " his servant " refers to their becoming the servants of the Most High. Dr. Durban, speaking of Mr. Arthur, said to me at dinner — "he is a man of illimitable resources." I passed the evening with Mr. and Mrs. Dawson and family (Trish). 1 knew them twenty years ago on the Tullamore Cir- RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 55 cuit, and lodged with them ; thoy are well-to-do ; aho is niece to the venerable and Rev. Thomas Meredith, now of Sandy- mount, Dublin, and sister to the Rev. Mr. Meredith, pastor (and popular minister) of a church in Now Jersey, and of whose conversion I bcliovo I was an eye-witness in Ireland many years c^o. She retains all the vigour of her early piety, and a class leader still. Sabbath, I5th Nov. — According to arrangements with Bishop Janes I repaired to Norfolk-street Church, and had a crowded house, and some hearty shouts, such as •' Glory, Hallelujah, Amen," &c. At all events, as Mr. Punshon said, '* It shows that they are in earnest." It is said that the Rev. Mr. Thornton did not enjoy the shouting churches, but neither of them would act the part another minister did. A friend told me he saw a Methodist put out of a church belonging to another body, by order of the minister, for shouting '♦ Glory y The friend said to me, *' I'll never go to hear that minister again, although I am a member of his church." 1 would recommend that minister to read the 12th chapter of Isaiah, and lay emphasis on the last verse, '* Cry out and shout, thou inhabitant of Zion,^^ &c. I must confess I like a hearty "Amen" now and again to sound through a church. It was both solemn and devout in Mr. Harris's church to-day, and he was very attentive tome, and pressed me strongly to visit them again. In the afternoon I repaired to 37th Street Church, of which the Rev. Mr. M'Alister is the minister (Irish), in company with my friend Mr. A. Fowler. Here I preached ** the monthly Missionary sermon " to the children of the Sunday school, after which one of the officers of the school came forward, and moved a vote of thanks for my address, and proposed that I should become " a Life Member of the American Sunday School Missionary Society." The motion was seconded in a moment by another officer, and then put to the meeting and carried unanimously. After this it was very interesting to me to hear each class called out by some familiar name and well understood, such as " Busy Bee Class," " Lttle Gleaner," "WiUing Hands and Willing Hearts." "Wesley Boys," "Excelsior," &c. The children then came forward and handed in their monthly contributions, perhaps from three to 20 dollars. The child who collects the largest amount 36 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, secures the Sunday school banner for the month — a long handle, with a beautiful flag floating therefrom, and with several spangled devices. The child is placed at the corner of the seat, and the flagstaff stands close by. I obtained a splendid certificate of membership, which it appears under other circumstances should be paid for. Here I may remark that the Sunday school element commands one of the greatest powers in the American churches, and does wonders in a financial point of view. And no wonder, when the last estimate stands thus : six million scholars and one million of teachers ! This includes all the churches, north and south. Here I would remark that 1 met no Sabbath school in England, Ireland or Scotland, in which the American custom prevails of calling the classes by certain familiar names, until I came to Belfast, since my return ; and only at " Falls Road " Sunday School in that town. The names are as numerous and as well understood as they are in New York. I give the names, both of the male and female classes, as they are used in the Falls-road School, Belfast. Perhaps some other schools would follow the example. Boys : — Watchmen, Gospel Soldiers, Treasure Seekers, Witnesses, Diligent Seekers, Good Samaritans, Minute Men, Crusaders, Workers, Volunteers, Onward, Pioneers, Band of Hope, and the Infant Class, " Lambs of the Flock." The female classes are : — Daughters of Hope, Lovers of Truth, Daughters of Zion, Golden Links, Golden Chains, Builders, Sowers, Reapers, Gleaners, Pearl Gatherers, Olive Branches, Peace Makers, Try, Try Again, Early Seekers, Early Days, Doers of the Word, Disciples, Little Singers. I was much amused and pleased to see with what promptitude and regularity each class responds when leaving the school. If we could intro- duce the financial missionary element, even for the Irish General Mission, and send out now a large missionary band through the length and breadth of the lan^l, what an influence would it command. May the Lord hasten it in his time, according to his holy will ! It is amazing the number of missionaries sent out in America by this means, and the numbers of churches built every year. There is a crisis, and a solemn one, in our country just now (1870), and the Church of Christ should lay hold of every godly agency to meet it. RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 37 Sabbath Evening^ November 15-past of joys above." Before the sermon, the pastor read a historic statement of the Church. The following is an extract : " The first Methodist Meeting was held in New York in 1766, in Philip Embury's own private dwelling, in what is now called Park Place ; then, three months after this, a rented room was taken, and this became too small ; then a rigging loft was rented in Horse and Cart Lane, It was 60 feet by 18 ; this became too small, and in March, 1768, this lot on which we now stand in John-street, was purchased for £600, and on the 30th of this month (Oct. 1768), next Friday one hundred years ago, the first church was opened. It cost £733. It was remodelled and enlarged in 1817, at a cost of about £5,000, and again in 1841, which stood until now, when an outlay of about £500 has presented it before us to-day in this beautiful aspect. The original church had galleries, but ladders had to supply the place of stairs. The devoted lay pastor wrought the carpenter work with his own hands, being, like his Lord and Master, a carpenter by trade. He had a worthy helper in Barbara, whose noble efforts were literally to edification. She was to all intents the architect of the structure. Philip made everything according to the pattern which she had daguerreotyped on her mind, while at prayer, just like another Moses, who built the tabernacle according to the pattern showed to him on the Mount ; so he built according as she instructed him, believing her to be divinely directed. The luxury of sleeping in the house of 40 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, God was not at that time appreciated, hence the seats had no backs, and the galleries had no frontage to lean on, for fear of affording facilities for that purpose. For a full hundred years the worship of God has continued at these altars; from this pulpit his word has been pro- claimed, and from this table the holy sacraments have been dispensed. We all congratulate each other on the history of American Methodism. All our hearts go out in earnest glowing thanksgiving to Him, 'Our Father,' from whom alone, ' cometh every good and perfect gift.'" ^is^op |an£s's Sitrmon. Bishop Janes was now introduced, and proceeded to de- liver a sermon, of which the following is a brief sketch. He gave out for his text, Psalm xxvi. 6, 7, 8, " I will wash my hands in innocency, so will I compass thine altars, Lord," &c. He began by stating, that Philip Embury said on the occasion of dedicating the first church here, *' That the best form of consecrating a place for such uses was to preach in it a good sermon." Philip's text was, Hosea x. 12, " Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap in mercy," &c. or, as Philip's Bible has it, " reap after the measure of mercy" (the measure of God's mercy.) There is a variation in my text also, " That I may publish, declare^ &c., and tell, set forth. First, the preparation for spiritual worship and service, " I will wash my hands in innocency." This was a ceremony among the Jews and the ancients, by which they declared their innocence of any accusation. Pilate did so. But the text has a more spiritual import. It means that we purge ourselves from all filthiness and sinfulness, from all iniquity and wrong, that we may approach unto God. " If we regard iniquity in our hearts, he will not hear our prayers." He requires truth in the inward parts. He requires to be worshipped " in spirit and in truth," with re- verence and godly fear ; and there is a " Fountain for this purpose for sin and uncleanness." Secondly, the worship ; " So will I compass thine altars, Lord." There is a refer- ence to the former practice of laying the sacrifice on the altar, and the priest presenting it, and interceding. We have the altar of the atonement. We have Christ as the Great High Priest, &c. " So will I compass," so will I wor- RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 4I ship my God, offer my religious devotion, my spiritual ser- vices. Thirdly, the active service in the proclamation of thanksgiving, " Set forth, or tell " all thy wondrous works, to spread it, to profess, to declare it. " Come unto me," said David, "and I will declare what the Lord hath done for my soul." Class meetings and Love Feasts greatly aid in this hallowed work. Thank God, for this element of spiritual power in the Methodist church. Methodism is not a failure. It is not a failure to me. I feel to-day I am saved. I »m in fellowship with God. I have a title to heaven; and if Methodism progresses as it has done for another half century it will evangelize the race. Let us all to-day renew our covenant with God afresh, and " Wash our hands and hearts in innocency," &c., and so compass this altar (this sacred spot) round about. We admit that God is everywhere ; but in his temple he reveals his gracious pre- sence/ how rapturous, hallowed and divine. We claim that some hallowed spots have a peculiar interest, especially where God performs his wondrous works. The place of the Sa- viour's birth, where he died, where he was buried, and from Mhich he ascended, have all their peculiar interests, and without any superstitious adoration ; but the fact that Jesus was there for the purposes of my salvation, and the salvation of mankind, hallows, sanctifies and glorifies those places. When God is nigh, the place is holy ground. I have a very grateful remembrance of the very spot in the public street where I was awakened, and the spot in a country school- house wherfl I was converted. And it seems to me that next to Calvary, there can be few places of deeper interest to us than this very spot in which we are assembled to-day. Was not Philip Embury's text a prophecy concerning this place ? Did he not say, " Break up the fallow ground," " Seek God, and he will rain down upon you righteousness." And O how extensive has been that rain; a literal history of this church, as though the word was spoken to-day. Then also the text which that venerable man, Dr. Bangs, selected at ^e second dedication in 1818, '< The Lord hath done great things for us, whereof we are glad," Psalm cxxvi. 3. Yes bod had done great things for them up to that time, mar- vellous doings, and marvellous trophies of divine grace. And then at the third dedication, in 1844, the text which 42 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, Bishop Kedding selected was peculiarly expressive and pre- dictive as well,—" For from you sounded out the word of the Lord not only in Macedonia and Achaia, but also in every place your faith to God- ward is spread abroad, so that we need not speak any thing."— 1 Thes. i. 8. There is no part of the United States, no portion of oiu: own territories, there is no part of Europe, even the most exclusive Catholic countries, which have not some kno-vledge of American Methodism. Why, to-day John-street Church is as widely known as St. Peter's at Rome. And since this third dedi- cation by Bishop Hedding, until now, what wonders of grace have been repeated, not only here, and in this city and throughout the land, but on our foreign missions also. In New York one hundred years ago, we had about 20 mem- bers gathered in two years, which would be only one to about every thousand of the inhabitants, then 20,000. Now we have one to every 74. But there is a holier and happier place than this, and let us all see to it, that after we have served our generation, by the will of God; we shall all enter that upper temple, where we shall worship night and day, and go no more out for ever. We would add — "Stand up for Jesus always, In every walk of life ; For he who bids thee conquer, Is with thee in the strife." ^bbttss of Jr. gibcl Stipfecns. At two o'clock p.m. Dr. Abel Stephens delivered an eloquent address. This was called " the Reunion Service." He took for his motto " The Best of all is God is with us." He said " that Methodism was identified with the two lead- ing races from which the mass of the American population was to be formed, the Teutonic and the Irish. The little band of Methodists who began our cause here were from Ireland, but they were, nevertheless, Germans from the Palatinate on the Rhine. Thus the great Germanic race, from which our original or colonial element (the Anglo- Saxon) was chiefly derived, is still peopling this country, and they planted American Methodism in John-street ; but they were providentially directed through Ireland, whence they brought the precious seed now yielding this magnificent RECENT VISIT TO AMERICA. 43 harvest. They kindled our tent fires and altars with the lioly flame they brought from Ireland, to which they were driven from the old Germanic Palatinate by the French Papal arms in the reign of Queen Anne of England. English Methodism found them in Ireland as exiles, thus, like the banyan tree, its offshoots seem designed to wave their banners round the world. Let us afresh from this, our first battle-field, on this the himdredth anniversary which none ever saw before, and can never see again, gird on anew our well-tried armour, and shout our march forward to the ends of the earth and to the end of time. Our Church is militant, and like an army in the field, it must stand by its orders, spiritual life, spiritual work^ spiritual unity. With these it will prevail till the heavens " flee away." Ex-President Roberts, of the Republic of Liberia, and now President of the College at Manrovia, Africa, spoke next. A few extracts will suffice. " For more than forty years I have been a member of the Methodist Church, and am glad of the opportunity of expressing my feelings of Methodism ; and on this hallowed spot where the pioneers of Methodism erected the first temple dedicated to the worship of Almighty God, according to the ordinances of our Church ! It is now like a green bay tree, and under the branches of which more than two million of souls are pressing their way to the portals of immortality ; from this it has crossed the Atlantic again and again ; and in Africa many are bowing at the same sacred altar with you, confessing Christ and worship- ping God in spirit and in truth. The Pagans of that land are realizing the blessing of Christianity, and 'Ethiopia is still stretching out her hands unto God.' Christianity is no failure, either here or there." A few observations from the Rev. John Callen, of Brook- lyn followed. " The Methodists of the West look to John- street as the Roman Catholics look to the Vatican and to the Pope ; but in a very different sense. Every Methodist heart is warmed when we speak of John -street as the cradle of Methodism. When I was in Pittsburgh I saw thousands 44 THE NEW WORLD ; OR, of labouring men sauntering about on the Lord's Day ; they work in the furnaces. My heart was stirred. I wisji God had placed my lot among them. We have about 6,000 local preachers." ^r. J- ^