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McCONNELL, Deputy Minister. <8r0Uigiral 1^urt^t^ Museum Bulletin No. 20 GEOLOGICAL SERIES, No. 29 OCTOBER 8, 1915 AN EURYPTERID HORIZON IN THE NIAGARA FORMATION OF ONTARIO by M. Y. Williams OTTAWA Government Printing Bureau 1915 No. 1>74 October 8, 1915. Canada Geological Survey Museum Bulletin No. 20 GEOLOGICAL SERIES, No. 29. An Eurypterid Horizon in the Niagara Formation of Ontario. By M. Y. Williams. GENERAL STRATIGRAPHY. The top of the Lockport member of the Niagara formation of Ontario consists of thin-bedded dark grey or chocolate brown bituminous dolomites which at some localities include bituminous shales. In some districts the cleavage along bedding planes is exceedingly even and slabs may be obtained that suggest roofing slates. Flagstones are quarried from such beds near Wiarton. At other localities the bedding is uneven, though thin. These characteristic beds are well exposed along the banks of the Eramosa river between Rockwood and Guelph, and for them the name "Eramosa beds" is proposed. Sir William Logan^ described the Guelph dolomites in the vicinity of Guelph as resting "upon dark coloured bituminous strata" *i 1 ' . nlaced in the Niagara formation. His reference was I. ! . under discussion. ' ' 7.ramosa beds are very uniform in their general char- ^\t the north end of the Bruce peninsula they are 30 feet iiiick; at Wiarton, they measure over 40 feet; at Guelph, 30 feet or more; and at Spencer creek, 7 miles west of Hamilton, more than 35 feet. South of Hamilton, the highest of the dark slaty beds, known locally as the "Barton beds," are probably the equivalent of the Eramosa. The Barton beds ■ Gcol. Surv. of Can., Report of Piosms, from ita commencement to 1863. p. 337. 3 MUSBVII BULLETIN NO. 10. are about 70 feet thick, consist of thin to thick-bedded dolomite with interbedded shale, and contain numerous Niagara fossils. Except in the vicinity of Hamilton and Guelph, the Eramosa beds appear to be unfossiUfcrous. The Guelph formation rests conformably upon the Eramosa dolomites, the contact being transitional and the lower Guelph beds being quite bituminous at many of the southern localities. The Guelph beds are, however, usually 1 to 2 feet thick. Where well exposed, the Eramosa beds exhibit beautifully symmetrical domes 100 to 200 feet across with centres rising i5 to 20 feet above the rim. Along the north shore of the Bruce peninsula such domes are common. In the eastern part of the city of Guelph, a well developed dome has been left in the floor of a quarry. This is at the top of the Eramosa beds. South of the prison farm near the Eramosa river, a coral reef rises through Eramosa beds which have been eroded from its top but still flank its sides. The reef is 35 yards wide by 85 yards long and rise?, about 20 feet at the centre. Some irregular bedding shows at one end. The following fossils were found in the reef material: Slromatoporoids, Omphyma stockesi Edwards and Haime, Pycnoslylus guelphensis Whiteaves, P. elegans Whiteaves, Favosites k''singeri Edwards and Haime, Cladopora sp., Heliolites s^nopora Hall ? Bryozoa, Rhynchotreta cuntata americana Hall ?, Camarotoechia neglecta (Hall), and a trilobite pygidium. This fauna is in the main typically Lockport, but the pres- ence of the two species of Pycnostylus, which are among the most typical of Guelph species, indicates that in this old reef tran- sitional conditions existed. The reef explains the origin of one mound which formerly existed in the Eramosa beds. LOCATION AND OCCURRENCE OF THE EURYPTERID FAUNA. East of Guelph at the crossing of the Canadian Pacific and Canadian Northern tracks and not far south of the Eramosa river, the Canadian Northern road bed has been constructed of chocolate brown, bituminous shales excavated from the right of way. It is these shales that furnished the fauna here described. 000365:Kj AN lURVrTBUD HOtUON IN TBB NIAGARA. 3 The depth of excavation was 3 to 4 feet, the fauna being entirely confined to this horizon. Fragmentary fossils were also found in place and it appeared that most of the remains were contained in about 6 inches of strau. The horizon is about 25 feet below the base of the Guelph formation. TH i^AUNA. The following species were found at the above described locality. Lichenalia concentrica Hall, Monomorella cf . orbicularit Billings, OrbicuUndea subplana (Hall), Orthis? near tmuidens Hall, Camarotoechia wkitei (Hall) ?, Spirifer radiatus Sowerby ?, Whitfieldella nitida Hall?, Anoplotheca? sp., Meristina? sp., Conularia niagarensis Hall ?, Conularia sp., Eusarcus logani sp. nov. Someother poorly preserved fossil material was found, which has not been identified. Some fragments appear to be crinoid columns. Not only are the fossils all from the same horizon, but numerous OrbicuUndea occur on the same slabs with Eusarcvs fragments and also resting upon Eusarcus telsons. FAUNAL AFFINITIES. From the occurrence of the genus Eusarcus in the fauna of the Eramosa bec^s we are led to compare this fauna with others also including Eusarcus. Three Silurian horizons have furnished this genus, viz., the Bertie' waterlime of New York and Ontario, the Kokomo* waterlime of Indiana, and the shale beds of the Shawangunk* grit of eastern New York. The Bertie waterlime and Shawangunk grit possess only crustacean faunas, and as Eusarcus logani v - Mite unlike species found in them ii is conse- quently difficult lake comparisons. In the case of the Ko- komo* waterlime -• Indiarxa, it is different. Eusarcus newlini of that horizon is perhaps more closely related to E. logani ■ Pohlman, Juliui, Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sd., Bull. 5, 23, 1886. ■CUypole. E. W., Am. Geol.. Vol. VI, pp. 258-260, 1890. * Clarke, J. M., and Ruedemann. Rudolf, N.V. State Mui. Bull. 107, p. 295. < The Age of the Kokomo accnrdiog to Clarke and Ruedemacn it Lockport: N.V, State Muieun Memoir 14, 1912, Vol. I, p. 87. Kindle, however, concludes that It i« "either a Salioa or Cobleakia borlson." Am. Juur. Scieoce, Vol. XXXVI, Sept., 1913, p. 288. * MUaBUU BVLLBnN NO. 20. than any of the other species and the fauna in the limestone immediately above the eurypterid beds contains a iiumber of brachiopods of which two genera are in common with the fauna of the Eramosa beds. The Kokomo contains WhUfiekUlla erecta Foerste and Anoplotkeca congregata Kindle; the Eramosa, W. nitida Hall, and Anophtkeca? sp. Leaving out of account the eurypterids, the Eramosa fauna is related as follows: Orthis near tenuidens suggests Clinton affinities; WkUfieldella nitida and Conularia niagarensis are Rochester species; Lichenalia concentrica and Spirifer radiatus are characteristic of the Rochester and lower Lockport; and Camarotoechia whitei is a true Lockport species: Monomorella orbicularis, with which I have compared the Eramosa species, is typically Guc'oh. Summing up, in the Eramosa shale beds at the top of the Lockport, there is a recurrence of a part of the fauna character- istic of the Rochester shale, with even a suggestion of a CUmon type, these hold-overs being mingled with more typical Lockport species and one forerunner of the characteristic Guelph f'.r..ia. Thus, we have very good palaeontological evidence of ti.e con- formable relations of the Niagara and Guelph formations. The coral reef, occurring in the Eramosa beds, as already described above, contains additional evidence in its mingled Lockport and Guelph species that the eurypterid fauna lived at a period of transition between Lockport and Guelph time. The pre- ponderance of the eariier elements, however, maks it seem advisable to class the Eran^osa beds, as has formerly been done, with the Lockport rather than the Guelph. Discussion has formerly arisen as to the habitat of the eurypterids and examples are rare where eurypterids and well established marine species occur in the same beds. That in this case the eurypterids lived in an entirely marine habitat is show, by the associated fauna. An BUITrTMID HoaitON IN TBB NIAGAIA. S DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. LiektnaUa concentrico Hall. I !ate I. flgure 1. Specimens fragmentary; surface generally undulatory; radial and concentric stria about 0-5 mm. apart. In both seU of striae there is a tendency for some of the furrow to be much stronger than others. From the above described characters, there appears to be little doubt that this is L. coneentrica, described by Hall from the Rochester shale and lower Lockport limestone at Rochester and Lockport, New York. MoHomoreUc cf. orbicularis Billings. Piatt I, figure 2. One specimen, which I have compared with the above species, occurs in the collection. It is 26 mm. wide and 27 mm. lor j, the shape being suborbicular with the greatest width forward of the centre of the shell. The specimen is an exfoliated pedicle valve. The growth lines are well preserved, but the interior structure is not visible except at the beak, whei« wear has exposed the median septum and the fillings of the ends of the umbonal chambers. I have compared this specimen with Bill- ings type (internal mould) of M. orbicularis and find murh similarity. However, the preservation of the two specimf. s is so entirely different that it is very difficult to be certain / their identity. I have noted some differences in the proportioi^ of the umbonal cavities as represented in the ;wo <!p^imen8 and I have consequently compared the present spe-'Tien with M. orbicularis instead of making a definift; a«.terminati<jn Orbiculoidea subplam (Hall). Plate I, figures 3, 4, 5. This species, which is represented by many individuals, is suborbicular with axes averaging about 5 and 8 mm. Valves • MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 20. compressed; apex sub-central; pedicle groove narrow, extending about one-half the distance or less from the apex to the margin of the shell ; lamellae erect and numbering seventeen to twenty in the average specimen. These specimens are less than one-half the size of specimens from Arisaig, N.S. The latter specimens are also much moi« convex and tend to have a more elliptical outline and coarser lamel- lae, the number of which are about the same as in the specimens here described. The Arisaig specimens occur in limestone and it is thought that the differences between them and the above may be due to habitat, and in part to pressure. Orthis? near tenuidens Hall. Plate I, figure 6. Small, averaging about 7 mm. wide and 4-S mm. long. Hinge line straight, nearly as long as the width of the shell. Brachial valve somewhat concave, with a slight median depres- sion and probably a slight convexity near the beak. Plications rounded; incurved from the cardinal angles; increasing by im- plantation; number about 40. Pedicle valve convex. Char- acters poorly preserved in material at hand. This species appears to be very near if not identical with Hall's 0. tenuidens from the Clinton of Oneida county, N.Y. Camarotoechia whitei (Hall) ? The presence of this species is based on one badly crushed specimen. Its size, shape, and characters of plications all point to this being the same as Hall's species from the Niagara of New York. Spirifer radiatus Sowerby ? Plate H, figure 1. The specimens referred to this species are casts of interiors of pedicle valves and are small, the largest being less than 10 mm. in length. The casts show clearly the impressions made by the long dental plates. AN BURYPTBUD HOUZON IK THB NIAGARA. 7 WkitfUldella nitida Hall ? Plate II, figure 2, numerous small specimens. Small whitfieldellas are very common in some layers of rock; they are generally less than 5 mm. long, vary considerably in proportion of length to width, and have sharp erect beaks. In all characters excepting the erect beak, this little whitfieldella appears to be clearly referable to the species nitida. Meristina? sp. Plate II, figure 2, single large specimen. A single poorly preserved pedicle valve 12 mm. long by 9 mm. wide with a well-defined sinus from beak to front is doubt- fully referred to this genus. Anoplotheca ? sp. Plate II, figure 3. A single mould of what appears to be a pedicle valve of a shell doubtfully referable to this genus, measures 14 mm. in breadth and IS mm. in length. The convexity was never great, and was probably most marked about the middle of the shell. Crushing has reduced the convexity. The shape is nearly circular, excepting for the beak which protrudes slightly. The apical angle is about 115 degrees. The plications are straight, subangular, and number eighteen. They increase towards the margin by bifurcation. Conularia niagarensis Hall ? Plate II, figure 4. One specimen appears to represent this species. It is 5 cm. long by 3 • 2 cm. wide, and tapers rather abruptly towards the apical end. So far as they are preserved, the characters of this specimen agree closely with the figures given by Hall (Palaeontology of New York, Vol. II, PI. 65). The transverse MUSBtm BtTLLBTIN NO. 20. Striae, however, are grouped in bundles separated by deeper furrows, thus giving the surface a decided rugose appearance. The character of the surface integument cannot be determined, owing to the poor state of preservation. Conularia ? sp. Plate II, figure S. One specimen is doubtfully referred to this genus. From the apex it broadens greatly, having a width of 4 cm. at a length of 5 cm. along the mid-line. The sides approximate con- verging arcs of eccentric circles. The concentric plates are a little more than 1 mm. wide, overlap consecutively away from the apex, are longitudinally striated, and appear to be crossed by transverse striae. The general shape of the specimen and the lack of reflex curve in the plications so characteristic of Conularia, make it appear uncertain whether after all it belongs in this genus. Eusarcus logani^ sp. nov. Plate III, figures 2-6; Plate IV, figures 1, 2; Plate V, figures 1-5- The above species is described from the following fragments: post-abdominal segments; telsons; spines from the ectognathites or walking legs; manducatory edges of the gnathobases of the swimming legs; and a metastoma. The post-abdominal segments appear to be 5 in number and measure together, in the best preserved specimen, 3 cm. in length. At the attachment with the abdomen (the posterior segment of which is slightly indicated) the width is l-S cm. The terminal post-abdominal segment measures 1 • 1 cm. in width and has two lateral, posteriorly directed processes between which the telson was attached. The surface integument is covered with fine pits. The telsons are ensiform, straight, and from 5-5 to 8 cm. long, with a proximal width of 8-11 mm. They are crushed 1 Named in honour of Sir Wm. Logwt who deicribed Uw bedi In which the fowUi were found. Geol. Surv. of Canada, 1863, p. 337. AN BntTmUD BOKBON IN THB NIAGASA. 9 and (probably from this cause) have two longitudinal grooves dividing the area into three parts, the centre containingone-half and the sides each one-quarter of the total area. The proximal ends of some specimens are enlarged and rounded, indicating a well form- ed joint with the distal, post-abdominal segment. The spines from the ectognathites or walking legs measure 1 • 7 to 3 • 5 cm. in length, • 35 to • 5 cm. in width at mid-length, and 0-4 to 0-6 cm. in width at the joint. These spines are nearly straight, the thicker edge being convex and projecting slightly beyond the thinner edge, which is gently convex near the proximal end and resupinate near the point. In one specimen the joint is considerably enlarged and thickened. The spines, although crushed to some extent, appear to have been very thin. The manducatory edges of the gnathobases of the swimming legs occur plentifully and in a fair state of preservation. The rows of teeth measure nearly 1 cm. in length and are made up of 5-6 conical cusps which vary from 2-5 mm. at one end of the row to less than 1 mm. at the other end. Both the line through the bases of the cusps and the line along their crests are concave. The metastoma is represented by a fragmentary plate which, however, shows the "broad and short, subtriangular" shape characteristic of Eusarcus. At its widest part, it is 1-1 cm. and at the narrowest part 0-8 cm. wide, the fragment being 0-8 cm. long. Other plates occur which have not been identified with certainty. Their surfaces are covered with fine pits. I have referred this species to the genus Eusarcus on the following evidence: the broad, short, subtriangular shape of the metastoma; the number and large size of the spines of the walking legs; and the indicated enlargement of the abdomen. Logani differs from other species of Eusarcus in the pro- portionately great size of the spines and telson. From E. scorpionis this species differs also in having a straight ensiform telson. 12 •'!' Explanation of Plate I. Figure 1. LichemiUacoHeentrica Hall. (Page S.) -»'"»5"0'«tfo cf. orbUularis BilUngs. 1 ^nA A^a.^/"^^ P*l'y, *°^ iodide valve, and 4. pr6tctifo«iea subiiana (Hall) ? . ^f«*«:*e' valves. (Page .S.) 5. Or6(c«A>i<fea sub^ana (Hall) ? (Page 5.) 6. On telaon of Eusarctu lotami. OrlMt} Btar tenuiiUHS HaU. Brachial valve. (Page 6.) (Page 5.) Illustrations natural sue. MtSElM BII.I.KTIN Ni. JO. 1.' I'lUK I. 1 i -i 1 9 3 i 14 ! I Explanation of Plate II. Figure 1 . Spinier radiatus Sowerby ? « Mould ot pcSicle valve. (Page 7.) « ;■ £<^«f"'»a »n««ar«i«> Hall ? (Page 7.) 5. Contuanai sp. Interior of shell. (Page 8.) Illustrations natural siw. ' l^mT\ Mt'SKUM BlLLETIN No. 20 .. ,,-,^,. 16 Explanation ok Plate III. Figure 1. " 2. Undeterminetl. Metastoma of Eutarcus logani. (Page 9 ) '"" i«.aS/cr„r(P'air.>l '""''"•"'"' ■" ^*""™"« '^«^ °' 'T„ir.S"'''a>ay qV~'"'''"'^'~°' ectognathite of Telson of Eusarcus logani. (Page S.) Illustrations natural size. 5. 6. 17 : Ml'ItKUM BULI.KTIN No. 2«. axTt III. k i ^^ A 1 i ^^B 1 t M H . ^ 9 ^^^ 1 2 .^ 'S of ^mm 9 e of 4 ^ ^ 5 1 ^ ^m ^ i ^ 9 H 1 6 u i ! Explanation of IYate I\'. Figure I. B.Ml^U.u.s, ,.Is.,n. an.l spine fr..,„ «„,g„a,hi,e of Eusarcus logani. 2. ''osl-iiRcldminal segnu-nis of £Hj.rc«j %«»,•. (Page X.) Illustrations natural size. in AAS±±m Mi'SBUH Bulletin Na 20. 19 Plate IV. logani. 20 Figure I. 2. " 3. « 4. " 5. Explanation of Platk V. Manducatory edge of gnathobase Restored Metastoma. P^ "abdominal segment res ored. Side view of a compressed telson. Illustrations natural size. MfSEUSi Bulletin No. 2t) 21 I'LATK V. \ "h LIST or MUSEUM BULLITINS. ^TThe Mu»Min BuUttiaa., publiibed by the Geola(ic«l Surrey, an num- bmd cooMcutively and are given « lene* nHmber in addition, tlma: Geolosical sS^ N* I'i'i'^' **"•'**** ^"^ '*'*• ''• 2. 3, etc.; AatiwDpola^ InUie <a« of BuUedaa 1 •«» 2, whidi contain artideaga vaiioui lubject* •Mh article haa been aMgned a wparateieriet number. ~— """jw^ The fint BuIMm wu eatitM Victaria Memorial Mtumm BtJItHm- mbaequent laauca have beea called ilutemm Pirffirfni Mos. Boll. l. G-t. Ser. i. The Trentwi criMid, OtUwacrinua, W. R. BilBnta— by F. A. Bather. CmI. 5ir. «. Note o« Meroctiaua, Walcott— by F. A. Bather. ■JSLr" j*^'?**5^?* "* HeWont teeth at Roche Gwrf. &r. ^. Notea on Cyclocyit«ii»-by P. E. Raymond. ■TxlL "^ «»■??*■«' and old TriWiitea in the ,« . „**»<*•• Memorial Mueum— by P. E. Raymond. ^*^^- *• ^OMcriptioa of aome new AaapUda^-by P. £.- Raymond. C-i- Sir. 7. Two new qjedea of Tetndium— by P. E Kaymond. Gta.S*rg. RevWoa of the neciea which have been tefened to the maa Bathyurus OireKminary report)— l>y P. E. Raymond. GMl.Ser. 9. A new Braehiopod from the baae of the Utica— by A. B. Wifaon. ■^Z:J^- ^ .yy.yy* "* *eptjiedonoua plant from the TjBTthfy of Kettle rl*«r, Britiah Columbia-4>y W. J. ^^^'j^ibwi. ^ *** *'**' ** Lq>Woatrobua-by W. ^^*'*;^ '?•• *">«•>">•«» '««•> Adama aound, Admiralty inlet. ».w^^^'^*''»»''!^*-*y**AA.Johii*o«. '^ ' F&.'Oattim^ """^ """^ "* Vancouver idand— by ^*^wJfIL ^- ^"i IP**? <^ «««>l'»«l«» from the Atlantic and _, . P^fc ooaata of CaMda— bv W. H. Dall mmi P. Bartach. ••*'•_•*•',• ■»•, "y*»W« fcwrn Vaneouver island and Nova Scoda— by C. McLean Fraaer. ^■*"?S:_?'- '• "^ •r'*?*W "* Blandford townahip, Mn. R... , ,,_,*¥**^.?^25'' Onurio-by W. J. Wintemberv. M«. Btnx. 2. 0^-^S^^c^ ofgj^ (micro^Mte) in the *^*"''t^*i '*• Columnar •tnicture in limettone— by E. M. Kindle. G***- f*'-'^- Suppoeed evidences of subsidence of the coast 5? ,.V p™«>»wi«:lc within modern time— by I. W. Cjoidthwait. ^^*^J^: /*•„ P* Pre-Cambrian (Beitian) of aoutheaatem Bntidi Columbu and their correlatioa— by S. J. Schofield. ■* Geel. Ser. 17. Early Cambrian stratigraphy in the North American CordiHera, with discussion of the Albertella and related faunas— by Lancaster D. Burli^. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. CM. S4r. IS. A nrelimiiiary atudy of the variation! of the ^ications of Parastrophia hemipUcata, Hall — by Alice E. Wilson. Anthrof. Ser. 2. Some aspects of puberty fasting anumg the Ojibwas— by Paul Radin. Boll. 3. G«ol. Ser. 19. The Anticosti Island faunas— tty W.! H. Btnx. 4. Bull. 5. Twenhofel. CM. Str. 20. Kenzie. CM. Ser. 21. The Crowsnest volcanics — by J. D. Mac- BULL. 11. Mus. Bull. 12. A Beatricea-like organism from the middle Ordovidan— by P. E. Raymon'l. Bull. 6. Anikrop. Ser. 3. Prehistoric and present commerce among the Arctic Coast Eskimo— by V. Stefansaon. Bull. 7. Biol. Ser. 4. A new species of Dendragapus (Dendragaput Obacunis Flemingi) from Southern Yukon Territory — by P. A. Tavemer. Binx. 8. Ced. Ser. 22. The Huronian formations of Timiskaming region, Canada — by W. H. Collins. Bull. 9. Anthrop. Ser. 4. The Glenoid Foasa in the skull of the Eskimo— by F. H. S. Knowles. Bull. 10. Anihrof. Ser. 5. The social organization of the Winnebago Indians, an interpretation — ^by P. Radin. Geol. Sler. 23. Physiography of the Beaverdell map-area and the southern part of the Interior plateaus of -itiah Columbia — by L. Reinecke. Ceol. Ser. 24. On Eoceratops Canadensis noy., with remarks on other genera m Cretaceous, aurned dinosaurs — by L. M. Lambe. Biol. Ser. 5. The double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocoras Auritus) and its relation to the Salmon industries on the Gulf of St. Lawrence — hy P. .' Tavemer. Ceol. Ser. 25. The occurrence of glacial drift on the Mag- dalen islands— by J. W. Goldthwait. Ceol. Ser. 26. Gay Gulch and Skookum meteorites— by R. A. A. Johnston. Anthrop. Ser. 6. Literary aspects of North American mytnology — by P. Radm. Ceol. Ser. 27. The Ordovician rocks of Lake Timiskaming — by M. Y. Williams. Geol. Ser. 28. Structural relations of the Pre-Cambrian and Palseozoic rocks north of the Ottawa and St. l.awrence valleys — by E. M. Kindle and L. D. Burling. Anthrop. Ser. 7. A sketch of the social organization of the Nass River Indians — by E. Sapir. Ceol. Ser. 29. An Eurypterid horizon in the Niagara formation of OnUrio— by M. Y. Williams. Mus. Btnx. 13. Mus. Bull. 14. Mus. Bull. IS. Mus. Bull. 16. Mus. Bull. 17. Mus. Bull. 18. Mus. Bull. 19. Mus. Bull. 30.