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McCONNELL, Deputy Minister. <8r0Uigiral 1^urt^t^ Museum Bulletin No. 20 GEOLOGICAL SERIES, No. 29 OCTOBER 8, 1915 AN EURYPTERID HORIZON IN THE NIAGARA FORMATION OF ONTARIO by M. Y. Williams OTTAWA Government Printing Bureau 1915 No. 1>74 October 8, 1915. Canada Geological Survey Museum Bulletin No. 20 GEOLOGICAL SERIES, No. 29. An Eurypterid Horizon in the Niagara Formation of Ontario. By M. Y. Williams. GENERAL STRATIGRAPHY. The top of the Lockport member of the Niagara formation of Ontario consists of thin-bedded dark grey or chocolate brown bituminous dolomites which at some localities include bituminous shales. In some districts the cleavage along bedding planes is exceedingly even and slabs may be obtained that suggest roofing slates. Flagstones are quarried from such beds near Wiarton. At other localities the bedding is uneven, though thin. These characteristic beds are well exposed along the banks of the Eramosa river between Rockwood and Guelph, and for them the name "Eramosa beds" is proposed. Sir William Logan^ described the Guelph dolomites in the vicinity of Guelph as resting "upon dark coloured bituminous strata" *i 1 ' . nlaced in the Niagara formation. His reference was I. ! . under discussion. ' ' 7.ramosa beds are very uniform in their general char- ^\t the north end of the Bruce peninsula they are 30 feet iiiick; at Wiarton, they measure over 40 feet; at Guelph, 30 feet or more; and at Spencer creek, 7 miles west of Hamilton, more than 35 feet. South of Hamilton, the highest of the dark slaty beds, known locally as the "Barton beds," are probably the equivalent of the Eramosa. The Barton beds ■ Gcol. Surv. of Can., Report of Piosms, from ita commencement to 1863. p. 337. 3 MUSBVII BULLETIN NO. 10. are about 70 feet thick, consist of thin to thick-bedded dolomite with interbedded shale, and contain numerous Niagara fossils. Except in the vicinity of Hamilton and Guelph, the Eramosa beds appear to be unfossiUfcrous. The Guelph formation rests conformably upon the Eramosa dolomites, the contact being transitional and the lower Guelph beds being quite bituminous at many of the southern localities. The Guelph beds are, however, usually 1 to 2 feet thick. Where well exposed, the Eramosa beds exhibit beautifully symmetrical domes 100 to 200 feet across with centres rising i5 to 20 feet above the rim. Along the north shore of the Bruce peninsula such domes are common. In the eastern part of the city of Guelph, a well developed dome has been left in the floor of a quarry. This is at the top of the Eramosa beds. South of the prison farm near the Eramosa river, a coral reef rises through Eramosa beds which have been eroded from its top but still flank its sides. The reef is 35 yards wide by 85 yards long and rise?, about 20 feet at the centre. Some irregular bedding shows at one end. The following fossils were found in the reef material: Slromatoporoids, Omphyma stockesi Edwards and Haime, Pycnoslylus guelphensis Whiteaves, P. elegans Whiteaves, Favosites k''singeri Edwards and Haime, Cladopora sp., Heliolites s^nopora Hall ? Bryozoa, Rhynchotreta cuntata americana Hall ?, Camarotoechia neglecta (Hall), and a trilobite pygidium. This fauna is in the main typically Lockport, but the pres- ence of the two species of Pycnostylus, which are among the most typical of Guelph species, indicates that in this old reef tran- sitional conditions existed. The reef explains the origin of one mound which formerly existed in the Eramosa beds. LOCATION AND OCCURRENCE OF THE EURYPTERID FAUNA. East of Guelph at the crossing of the Canadian Pacific and Canadian Northern tracks and not far south of the Eramosa river, the Canadian Northern road bed has been constructed of chocolate brown, bituminous shales excavated from the right of way. It is these shales that furnished the fauna here described. 000365:Kj AN lURVrTBUD HOtUON IN TBB NIAGARA. 3 The depth of excavation was 3 to 4 feet, the fauna being entirely confined to this horizon. Fragmentary fossils were also found in place and it appeared that most of the remains were contained in about 6 inches of strau. The horizon is about 25 feet below the base of the Guelph formation. TH i^AUNA. The following species were found at the above described locality. Lichenalia concentrica Hall, Monomorella cf . orbicularit Billings, OrbicuUndea subplana (Hall), Orthis? near tmuidens Hall, Camarotoechia wkitei (Hall) ?, Spirifer radiatus Sowerby ?, Whitfieldella nitida Hall?, Anoplotheca? sp., Meristina? sp., Conularia niagarensis Hall ?, Conularia sp., Eusarcus logani sp. nov. Someother poorly preserved fossil material was found, which has not been identified. Some fragments appear to be crinoid columns. Not only are the fossils all from the same horizon, but numerous OrbicuUndea occur on the same slabs with Eusarcvs fragments and also resting upon Eusarcus telsons. FAUNAL AFFINITIES. From the occurrence of the genus Eusarcus in the fauna of the Eramosa bec^s we are led to compare this fauna with others also including Eusarcus. Three Silurian horizons have furnished this genus, viz., the Bertie' waterlime of New York and Ontario, the Kokomo* waterlime of Indiana, and the shale beds of the Shawangunk* grit of eastern New York. The Bertie waterlime and Shawangunk grit possess only crustacean faunas, and as Eusarcus logani v - Mite unlike species found in them ii is conse- quently difficult lake comparisons. In the case of the Ko- komo* waterlime -• Indiarxa, it is different. Eusarcus newlini of that horizon is perhaps more closely related to E. logani ■ Pohlman, Juliui, Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sd., Bull. 5, 23, 1886. ■CUypole. E. W., Am. Geol.. Vol. VI, pp. 258-260, 1890. * Clarke, J. M., and Ruedemann. Rudolf, N.V. State Mui. Bull. 107, p. 295. < The Age of the Kokomo accnrdiog to Clarke and Ruedemacn it Lockport: N.V, State Muieun Memoir 14, 1912, Vol. I, p. 87. Kindle, however, concludes that It i« "either a Salioa or Cobleakia borlson." Am. Juur. Scieoce, Vol. XXXVI, Sept., 1913, p. 288. * MUaBUU BVLLBnN NO. 20. than any of the other species and the fauna in the limestone immediately above the eurypterid beds contains a iiumber of brachiopods of which two genera are in common with the fauna of the Eramosa beds. The Kokomo contains WhUfiekUlla erecta Foerste and Anoplotkeca congregata Kindle; the Eramosa, W. nitida Hall, and Anophtkeca? sp. Leaving out of account the eurypterids, the Eramosa fauna is related as follows: Orthis near tenuidens suggests Clinton affinities; WkUfieldella nitida and Conularia niagarensis are Rochester species; Lichenalia concentrica and Spirifer radiatus are characteristic of the Rochester and lower Lockport; and Camarotoechia whitei is a true Lockport species: Monomorella orbicularis, with which I have compared the Eramosa species, is typically Guc'oh. Summing up, in the Eramosa shale beds at the top of the Lockport, there is a recurrence of a part of the fauna character- istic of the Rochester shale, with even a suggestion of a CUmon type, these hold-overs being mingled with more typical Lockport species and one forerunner of the characteristic Guelph f'.r..ia. Thus, we have very good palaeontological evidence of ti.e con- formable relations of the Niagara and Guelph formations. The coral reef, occurring in the Eramosa beds, as already described above, contains additional evidence in its mingled Lockport and Guelph species that the eurypterid fauna lived at a period of transition between Lockport and Guelph time. The pre- ponderance of the eariier elements, however, maks it seem advisable to class the Eran^osa beds, as has formerly been done, with the Lockport rather than the Guelph. Discussion has formerly arisen as to the habitat of the eurypterids and examples are rare where eurypterids and well established marine species occur in the same beds. That in this case the eurypterids lived in an entirely marine habitat is show, by the associated fauna. An BUITrTMID HoaitON IN TBB NIAGAIA. S DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. LiektnaUa concentrico Hall. I !ate I. flgure 1. Specimens fragmentary; surface generally undulatory; radial and concentric stria about 0-5 mm. apart. In both seU of striae there is a tendency for some of the furrow to be much stronger than others. From the above described characters, there appears to be little doubt that this is L. coneentrica, described by Hall from the Rochester shale and lower Lockport limestone at Rochester and Lockport, New York. MoHomoreUc cf. orbicularis Billings. Piatt I, figure 2. One specimen, which I have compared with the above species, occurs in the collection. It is 26 mm. wide and 27 mm. lor j, the shape being suborbicular with the greatest width forward of the centre of the shell. The specimen is an exfoliated pedicle valve. The growth lines are well preserved, but the interior structure is not visible except at the beak, whei« wear has exposed the median septum and the fillings of the ends of the umbonal chambers. I have compared this specimen with Bill- ings type (internal mould) of M. orbicularis and find murh similarity. However, the preservation of the two specimf. s is so entirely different that it is very difficult to be certain / their identity. I have noted some differences in the proportioi^ of the umbonal cavities as represented in the ;wo i Hall ? (Page 7.) 5. Contuanai sp. Interior of shell. (Page 8.) Illustrations natural siw. ' l^mT\ Mt'SKUM BlLLETIN No. 20 .. ,,-,^,. 16 Explanation ok Plate III. Figure 1. " 2. Undeterminetl. Metastoma of Eutarcus logani. (Page 9 ) '"" i«.aS/cr„r(P'air.>l '""''"•"'"' ■" ^*""™"« '^«^ °' 'T„ir.S"'''a>ay qV~'"'''"'^'~°' ectognathite of Telson of Eusarcus logani. (Page S.) Illustrations natural size. 5. 6. 17 : Ml'ItKUM BULI.KTIN No. 2«. axTt III. k i ^^ A 1 i ^^B 1 t M H . ^ 9 ^^^ 1 2 .^ 'S of ^mm 9 e of 4 ^ ^ 5 1 ^ ^m ^ i ^ 9 H 1 6 u i ! Explanation of IYate I\'. Figure I. B.Ml^U.u.s, ,.Is.,n. an.l spine fr..,„ «„,g„a,hi,e of Eusarcus logani. 2. ''osl-iiRcldminal segnu-nis of £Hj.rc«j %«»,•. (Page X.) Illustrations natural size. in AAS±±m Mi'SBUH Bulletin Na 20. 19 Plate IV. logani. 20 Figure I. 2. " 3. « 4. " 5. Explanation of Platk V. Manducatory edge of gnathobase Restored Metastoma. P^ "abdominal segment res ored. Side view of a compressed telson. Illustrations natural size. MfSEUSi Bulletin No. 2t) 21 I'LATK V. \ "h LIST or MUSEUM BULLITINS. ^TThe Mu»Min BuUttiaa., publiibed by the Geola(ic«l Surrey, an num- bmd cooMcutively and are given « lene* nHmber in addition, tlma: Geolosical sS^ N* I'i'i'^' **"•'**** ^"^ '*'*• ''• 2. 3, etc.; AatiwDpola^ InUie y P. E. Raymond. GMl.Ser. 9. A new Braehiopod from the baae of the Utica— by A. B. Wifaon. ■^Z:J^- ^ .yy.yy* "* *eptjiedonoua plant from the TjBTthfy of Kettle rl*«r, Britiah Columbia-4>y W. J. ^^^'j^ibwi. ^ *** *'**' ** Lq>Woatrobua-by W. ^^*'*;^ '?•• *">«•>">•«» '««•> Adama aound, Admiralty inlet. ».w^^^'^*''»»''!^*-*y**AA.Johii*o«. '^ ' F&.'Oattim^ """^ """^ "* Vancouver idand— by ^*^wJfIL ^- ^"i IP**? <^ «««>l'»«l«» from the Atlantic and _, . P^fc ooaata of CaMda— bv W. H. Dall mmi P. Bartach. ••*'•_•*•',• ■»•, "y*»W« fcwrn Vaneouver island and Nova Scoda— by C. McLean Fraaer. ^■*"?S:_?'- '• "^ •r'*?*W "* Blandford townahip, Mn. R... , ,,_,*¥**^.?^25'' Onurio-by W. J. Wintemberv. M«. Btnx. 2. 0^-^S^^c^ ofgj^ (micro^Mte) in the *^*"''t^*i '*• Columnar •tnicture in limettone— by E. M. Kindle. G***- f*'-'^- Suppoeed evidences of subsidence of the coast 5? ,.V p™«>»wi«:lc within modern time— by I. W. Cjoidthwait. ^^*^J^: /*•„ P* Pre-Cambrian (Beitian) of aoutheaatem Bntidi Columbu and their correlatioa— by S. J. Schofield. ■* Geel. Ser. 17. Early Cambrian stratigraphy in the North American CordiHera, with discussion of the Albertella and related faunas— by Lancaster D. Burli^. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. Mus. CM. S4r. IS. A nrelimiiiary atudy of the variation! of the ^ications of Parastrophia hemipUcata, Hall — by Alice E. Wilson. Anthrof. Ser. 2. Some aspects of puberty fasting anumg the Ojibwas— by Paul Radin. Boll. 3. G«ol. Ser. 19. The Anticosti Island faunas— tty W.! H. Btnx. 4. Bull. 5. Twenhofel. CM. Str. 20. Kenzie. CM. Ser. 21. The Crowsnest volcanics — by J. D. Mac- BULL. 11. Mus. Bull. 12. A Beatricea-like organism from the middle Ordovidan— by P. E. Raymon'l. Bull. 6. Anikrop. Ser. 3. Prehistoric and present commerce among the Arctic Coast Eskimo— by V. Stefansaon. Bull. 7. Biol. Ser. 4. A new species of Dendragapus (Dendragaput Obacunis Flemingi) from Southern Yukon Territory — by P. A. Tavemer. Binx. 8. Ced. Ser. 22. The Huronian formations of Timiskaming region, Canada — by W. H. Collins. Bull. 9. Anthrop. Ser. 4. The Glenoid Foasa in the skull of the Eskimo— by F. H. S. Knowles. Bull. 10. Anihrof. Ser. 5. The social organization of the Winnebago Indians, an interpretation — ^by P. Radin. Geol. Sler. 23. Physiography of the Beaverdell map-area and the southern part of the Interior plateaus of -itiah Columbia — by L. Reinecke. Ceol. Ser. 24. On Eoceratops Canadensis noy., with remarks on other genera m Cretaceous, aurned dinosaurs — by L. M. Lambe. Biol. Ser. 5. The double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocoras Auritus) and its relation to the Salmon industries on the Gulf of St. Lawrence — hy P. .' Tavemer. Ceol. Ser. 25. The occurrence of glacial drift on the Mag- dalen islands— by J. W. Goldthwait. Ceol. Ser. 26. Gay Gulch and Skookum meteorites— by R. A. A. Johnston. Anthrop. Ser. 6. Literary aspects of North American mytnology — by P. Radm. Ceol. Ser. 27. The Ordovician rocks of Lake Timiskaming — by M. Y. Williams. Geol. Ser. 28. Structural relations of the Pre-Cambrian and Palseozoic rocks north of the Ottawa and St. l.awrence valleys — by E. M. Kindle and L. D. Burling. Anthrop. Ser. 7. A sketch of the social organization of the Nass River Indians — by E. Sapir. Ceol. Ser. 29. An Eurypterid horizon in the Niagara formation of OnUrio— by M. Y. Williams. Mus. Btnx. 13. Mus. Bull. 14. Mus. Bull. IS. Mus. Bull. 16. Mus. Bull. 17. Mus. Bull. 18. Mus. Bull. 19. Mus. Bull. 30.