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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmis i dee taux de reduction diff Arents. Lorsque le document est trop grsnd pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est film* A partir de I'angle supArleur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant la nombre d'images nAcessaira. Las diagrammes suivants lllustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 CO I. A SuppL WORLD . Achin^ M Manners, II. Two V< fcription ( Logwood- Campeach) HI. A Dis Srorms, S( of the 1 With an dudt, Neg By Ca{ Iiluftratcd IVinted for J Crown in [ J u. . (f^-/-. 'u-y/^'h/-.^" COLLECTION O F VOYAGES. VOL. II. S^ i^^*''^^^ / CONTAINING I. A Supplement to the VOYAGE round the WORLD : Defcribing the Countries of Tonquin^ Achin, Malacca^ &c. their Produdl, Inhabitants, Manners, Trade, Policy, ^c. II. Two VOYAGES to Campeachy, with a Dc- fcription of the Coafts, Product, Inhabitants, Logwood-Cutting, Trade, Osff. of Jucatan^ Campeachy, New-Spain, 6cc. III. A Discourse of Trade-winds, Breezes, Storms, Seafons of the Year, Tides and Currents of the Torrid Zone throughout the Wo r l d : With an Account of Natal in Africk^ its Pro- duct, Negroes, (iff. By Capt. WILLIAM DAMPIER. Iilaftratcd with Maps and Draught s. LONDON: Printed for James and John K apton, at ihr; Crown in St, Paul*$ Church- Yard. Mnccxxix. J c .■'' i^'f DEDICATION. my Employment is of fuch a Nature as does not alienate me from your Lordjhtp's more pecu- liar JurifdiBiony but places me more immedi- ately mider it, and chiefly accountable to your felj. IVhatever parts of the World I pjall range into, I Jhall carry this Comfort alon^wtthme^ that next under the Providence of God, and his Majefly's TrotcEliony I fhall be fo long as I am upon the Seas, in the Province, and un- der the ^ire5iion of your Lordfhip and the Ho- nourable Board : For whofe Favours to me in general I have no better way of ExpreJ/ing my Gratitude, than by doing it thus to your Lord- fhip, who prefides there. And with thefe Sen- timent s^ I ambold to fubfcribe my felf, My Lord, Your Lordfhip's moft Faithful, and Devoted Humble Servant, William D a m p i e p.. THE THE s PREFACE. m: 1 N the Preface to my former Volume, I have accounted for rhe Dclign, and Method, and Scile of thofe Relations of my Travels. What I have more to fay of that kind, is chiefly with reference to what I now otFcr the Reader. Thus far I have thought fit to change my Method in this VolumC) as to diviae it into diftindt PariS) becau(e the Matters ic treats ot are fo different from one another, in point of Time, or other Circumftances : Bu: Itill in each Part I have taken the (kme Courfe of making (everal Chapters, that this Volunic might retain fome Uniformity with the other. The Firft of thefe is that Account I promifcd of my Voyages from Jchin in Sumatra, to feveral Places in the E. incites ; of which I forbore to particularize in the former Volume, for Reafons there mentioned. I have now more thandifchargedmy felf of that Promife : For I have im- proved my own Obfervations, cfjKcially as to Tonqutn, by thofe of fome EnglilJ) Gentlemen, who made a conhdcrable iUy in that Kingdom, I am abundamly fatisfied my Selfof their Ability and Integrity ,• the proper Qualifications in things of this Nature: And could I have obtained their leave, the .RM^ralfofliouldhavc hadtheSatisfadionof knowing to v;hcm he was to afcribe feveral of thofe Particulars : However, I have cuken fre- quent Occafions to diftinguiili in general what I fiWj from what I was informed of. I'his part is the Sujiplcment of v.hai; is contained in t!.c former Volume^ and compleats the Voyage round the IForld. The Second Part contains what relates to the Timt- 1 ipent in the HiV of Campeachy, either as a Logwood-Cutter, or a Trader lo them. This was before I made my Voyage round the World, as ihe Reader v. ill per- ceive : And upon this Occafion, therefore, I have gone lo far bad:, as to fpeak of my firft entrance upon this Ramb'ing kind of Life. For the Account it gives of Canpejchj, and the Neighnounng parts of '/ci^^tun and Ne%j Spai.'i, &c. I refer the RcaJu to the Wori: it felt". Til? .^■^. . '■'#.. I k fill' \mi: The T R E FACE. The Third Part is an Accounc of the Winds, and Wcathcr> Stormi Tidesj and Currents oF the Torrid Zoney round the World ^ which ni}f| be of Ufe towards the Improvemcuc of N.tvi^^athw, and that part Natural Hiftory. Tis the lubftance of what I have rcmark'd or leamtj about thines ot that Kind, in lo long a courfe of Roving upon the Seuil And tho* fhavc noc omitted to fpcuk of thefe Mitters in the feriesoF myl Voyages, as occalion ofTcredj yet I thought it might not be unacceptable,! to put them togcihcr in one View alfo by themfelvcs, in a Mcrhodicall Dili'ourfe, ranging the feveral Particulars under their proper Heads. I To render thcfe things the more intelligible, I have prefixed peculiar! Maps: One to each of the foregoing Parts ; but two to this of theWindsJ drc. tha: the Variety of Trade-Winds might fome way be pictured, a$| it were* to the Eye; and the Reader might be the lefs liable to be con- foun led with the Multiplicity of Word*, denoting the feveral Points of I the Compafs> or other Terms necefTary to the Def»:riptional part of the Difcourfe. Thcfe Maps contain the Torrid Zow, and fo much towards each Pole as was of VCe to my D;;ri»n: And the Projection differs in 'his only from the Ojmmon Map;, that in order to fliew the j4f/anti(k\ and South Oceans each in one entire view, the Divifion of the Hcmii"- phcres is made, not atthefirfl: Meridian, (reckoning from Teneriffey) nor I at rhe 350th, as is ufual alfo, and as 'tis in the Globe-Map, prefixed to my firft Volume, but at the 300th, yet ftill retaining the common Graduarion| in the Equator^ from that cuftomary Meriiianof theC^Mr^nW, QxCVeri. And upon this mention of the AtUntkk Sea, there \s one thing I would I obArvc to the Reader » that I ufe that name not only for the North-ScA as *tfs called, but for this whole Ocean, on both fides of the Equator be- tween Europe and /^frick on one hand, and America on the other. If I be qucftioned for taking this Liberty, I fhould think it enough to fay, that I wanted a general name for this whole Ocean, and T could not find one { more proper. And yet even as to the Reafon of the thing, if the Difco- very of a Sea to rhc South of the Ifthmus of Darieny or the MexicanQo^^, were ground fuflficient for the extending the Name of the South-Sea to all that largcft Ocean of the World, tho* it lies Weft rather of the whole Continent of America ; much more may I be allowed a lefs confiderabla Enlargement of the Name of Atlantick Sea, which others have long fincc 'extended to (b great a Pare of this Ocean, from its Original narrow Con- fines, the Neighbourhocxl of Mount Atlasy and the Coafts of Mauritania, 1 know that fb much of this Ocean as lies Souchi of the R. Niger, went ufually by the Name of the ^fhiopick Sea : Yet I can't learn a fufficient Reafon for it : For tho' 'tis true, that the Ancients called all the South Parts of Africk to each Sea, j^chiopia, yet even upon this bottom, the Name of jEthiopick Sea lliould have been left common to the Oceans on each tide of the Cape of Good Hope. But if the Name muft be appro- priated, why to this on the Weft of Africa ) why not rather to that on iti E Coaft .^ which lies nearer the Inuard or more proper Ethiopia, now the r^:, The T R E F A C E. |l^y/^;;^«e Empire? and confequently might better be called ^thiopitk a. Accordingly I have ventured to call it 1'j> /V. I. Vage 289 making It there the fame as the IndiMn ^ which 1 alio make to be all the Ocean from {he Eaft Coaft of j4frica to the rcmotcft ot the EjJI- 1m Jta Iliands* Ntu- ,l9llamii and Ntw-Gttiwea: The* this Name alio ot /;/a/df;-Sea ha been inderftood, ufually of narrower bounds. But be that a;; it will, 1 wa^ tor /ing compreheniive Names ; and therefore thefc three Names (>f ^t/aji- M, Indian, and Sonth-Sas, or Oceans, ferve me for the whole Ambit of Ithe Torrid Zonct and what elfe I have occaiion to fpcak of. To thefc three Parts is added a General Index of both yblutnet. The iirft Volume Ihould not have been publifhed without one, but that was Kierv'd to be annexed to this j that the Reader might not have the Trouble of turning over 2 Alphabets. Thus what I dcfigned as an Appendix to the former Volume, is grown to kts felt anfwerable to the other. And I am fenfible there is one part of ^he intended jifpendix yet behind, viz. the Defcription of the South-Ses iloafts of America, from the SpaniP) Pilot- Book, ^c. I confefs I had Jthoughts of crowding it into this Volume: But befides thcdrynefs and fa- (ti^ue of fuch a Work, and the fmall leifure I had for it, I was quite M- couraged from attempting ir, when upon a nearer View of the matter I [found in thofe Dcfcriptions and Charts a repugnance with each other in nany particulars^ and Tome things which from my own Experience I Ikncw to be erroneous. Indeed as they are, they may be very uleful to Sai- lors in thofe Parts, being generally right enough in the main : But I waf Doth to undertake a Work, much of which muft have confided in correc- jting Miftakes, and yet have left unavoidably many more to be rectified. Others may have Time and Helps for this Affair ,' and future Difcoveriet nay give greater Light to direct them. Tome it fhall fuffice, that bating jthis one particular, I have here endeavoured to perform what I had made Publick expefl from me. I. '■ ' * fmcc Con- ■f SI )ceans Ippro- laton now the THE * s The CONTENTS. PART I. Ilf Supplement of the Voyage round the Wo» Id. CHAP. I. Jht Ainhtr't Vfyaf* Jr0m Achin i« Malacca «iij| Tonquin. 2. Tbt NMtural Statt §f Tonquin. 3. Of tht Saiivttt thtir Cttftcmt, ReliiioH, TraJt, &C. 4 Of the Ciovtrnmtai, Kings, ScUUryt 'i^ Mandarins. 5. rAy«j« /o Tcnan. Thi A.'* Joumf) hy Lwd tt Cachao, «»i| OtcHrrtntet. 6. Hit return frtm TonquIn, with fome partieuUrs cf Cambodia,! 4ind Dencouli, and Arrival at Malacca and Achin. 7. Achin dtfcribid', its Naturaland Political SutttCttflomtt rrad(,\ Civil War, 8CC. 8. till Voyugi to Malacca again: Malacca dt(d produfli of Ompcachy and New- 1 i'iJJin dejtnbed. The A.'s return to England. PART III. A Difcovirfe of Winds, Storms, Seafons, Tides, and Currents in tlie Torrid Zom'. Chap. I. Of the Trite or General TraL-'Vind at Sea, Crcjfni the [.ine, v'c. 2 . f)f the Coa fling and confiant Trade Winds. 3. Of she Jij if ting Trade-Winds, and Monfoons. 4. Of the ordinary Sea and Land- Breez.es. 5. Of peculiar Breezes, and ff^inds of particular effects, Sumir.R i'suu Winds, Cartagena Brees^es, Popogaios, Tcrcno's, am Harmatans. 6. (jf Stortns, Norths, Souths, Hurricanes, Tuffoons, Jioftrr Monfooiis afjd Elephanra's. 7 0/ ihf Seafons of ttjc Year, Miather, Raint, and Tornadoes. H. 0/ Tides a»dCMne::tt. Natal ifiourJe with the Voyr age round the World. The Authors ^^- farture from Achin /» the Ifle of S\x^ matra with Captain Weldon. Their Courfe along the Streights of Malacca. Pulo Nuttce, and other IJlands. The R, and Kingdom of Jihore. Pulo Oro, and Pulo '' maon : Green Turtle there, Pulo Con- ore. Shoals of Pracel, River of Czmho- di, Coa[i of Champa, Pulo Canton. Co- chinchincfc, Pulo ChampcUo, R. and City ^^Z" Qui nam. Oil of f^orpujjes and Turtle, Ship- wrackt Men detained ufually at Cochinchina Vol, II. B and '. : "Sr \ : w , I i ■ % i !! > i HI' 44 i ■ ^J-^: * if 2 '^ih l6S8 .J 1 ' i ! >' !1 ne Connexion li'hh the former Vol. and Pegu. Aguala Pf^ood from the Bay of Siam. Bayof1ow(\mn. I of Ayiumy and , ether Iflands. Rokbo one Mouth of the chief /?.■ '■ )»■? i ft" m 'I mm ■ I ■■ V lip; ^;.1-| ^ < j ;■• J||; ': S.\'> ■ Ifi w *^ i:i i % 4 Pulo Nuttcc. a. and K. of Jihorc. An. 1688. Our Captain being a Stranger to the Bay of Ton- Ky^yf"^^ quin^ as were all his Ship's Company, he hired a Dutch Pilot at Malacca i and having finifhcd his Bu finds iheie, we fet fail, two Days after the Cir- far. We were dcfirous to overtake thcfe four Ships, and therefore crouded all the Sail we could make •, liaving a ftrong wefterly Wind, accompa- nied with many hard Gufts and Tornadoes : and the very next Day we got Sight of them ; for they had not yet pafied through a narrow Paflage, called the Streights of Sincapore. We foon got up with them, and pad through together i and failing about three Leagues farther we anchored near an Idand called Pulo Nuttce, belonging to the Kingdom of J i bore. Here Captain Weldon took in Wood and Water, and fome of the Indian Inhabitants came aboard us in their Canoas, of whom we bought a few Coco- nuts, Plantains, and frefli Filh. W^e Raid here not above four and twenty Hours i tor the other Ships had filled moft of their Water at other Iflands near this, before we came up with them : for tho' Ships do ufually take in Water at Malacca Town, yet they do as frequently difcharge it again at fome of thefe Iflands, and take in better. We lailed the next Day, and kept near the Ma- lacca Shore •, and there pafiing by the Mouth of the River Jihorc, we left many other Iflands on our Starboard-fide. The River of Jihorc runs by the City of that Name, which is the Seat of the little Kingdom of Jihore. This Kingdom lies on the Continent ot Malacca^ and confifts of the extremity or doubling of that Promontory. It abounds with Pepper, and other good Commodities. They are a Mahometan People, very warlike, and dcfirous of Trade. They delight much in Shipping and going to Sea^ all the neighbouring Iflands Vejfels I?/ Jihore, PuloOro, <7»^/Timaon. i Iflands in a Manner being Colonies of this King- -^^ '688. dom, and under its Government. They coaft ^"^''^- about in their own Shipping to fevcral Parts of Sumatra^ Java^ &c. their Vcflels axe but fmall, yet very ferviceable •, and the Dutch buy up a great many of them at a fmall Price , and make good trading Sloops of them. But they firft fit them up after their own Fafhion, and put a Rud- der to them, which the Jiborinus don't ufc, tho* they arc very good Seamen in their way y but they make their Vefiels fharp at each End, though but one End is ufed as the Head ; jind inllead ofa Rudder, they have on each Side the Stern a Thing like a very broad Oar, one of which they let down into the Water at PIcafure, as there is Oc- cafion to ftepr the Ship either to the one Side or the other, always letting down that which is to the Leeward. They have Proes of a particular Neatneis and Curiofity. We call them Plalf-moon Proes, for they turn fo much at each End from the Water, that tHey much refemble a Half-moon, with the Horns upwards. They are kept very ck-an, fail well, and are much ufed by them in their Wars. T'he People of yibor?'ha.re formerly endea- voured to get a Commerce with our Nation. For what Reafoh that Trade is ' riegledted by us, Iknow not. The D///r/:j trade very much there •, and have lately endeavoii'red to bring the King, who is very young, to ihck Bow. At the farther End of the Strcights of Malacca, among many other Iflands^ we failed by thofe of Puh Opo,^ and Pt/lo Tiinaon : which laft is a'place often touched at for W^bSoidi ^Wacer, and other Rc*^ frefliments, tho' we paft by it. Among Other things, there are' great Plenty 6f excellent Green Turtle among thefe Iflands. ■*. '• <' Being at length got' clear of the Iflands into the wide Ocean , we lUered away ftill toi>other B 3 tiit 1 ■V Vv., ^ ITJ 'I*; m^: M '«1 -^tt" t •II ^i Fulo Canton and Champcllo. ^^i^-till ^e came in fight of Pulo Condore^ when having all brought to, and fpoke with each other, wc part- ed for pur fevcraj Voyages. The Cafar and two others, that were bound to Cbina^ (leered away to the Eaftward, keeping to the South of Pulo Con- dore i it being their beft Courfe, thereby to avoid the Jarge Sholes of PraceL Wc and the Saphire of port St George, commanded by Captain Lacy, (leered more Northerly j and leaving Pulo Condore on our Starboard, we haPd in for the Continent, and fell in with it near the River of Ca?nbodia, But leaving this alfo on our Starboard fide, we coaded alon^ to the Eaftward, keeping near the Champa Shore, and coming to the Point of Land that bounds the S. W. part of the Bay of Tonquin, we doubled it, and coafting to the North \ leaving Champa ft ill on our Larboard fide, and the dangerous Shoals of Pracel about 12 or 14 Leagues off on our Starboard fide, we kept along fair by tiie Shore, juft without pulo Canton. This Ifland lies in about 13 d. North. It is much frequented by the Corhincbinefe, whofc Country be- gins hereabouts, bordering on the Kingdom of Champa. They are moft Filhermen that com j hi ther, and their chief Bufinefs is to make Oyl of PorputTes s for thefe Fi(h are found in great Plenty here at fome Seafons of the. Year, and then the Co- chinchinefe refort hither to take them. The People that we found on Pulo Condore, mention(jd in the 14th Chapter of my Voyage? round tlie World, page 395, were of thefe Qochinchinefi. Tlie Turtle alfo which they catch, is chiefly in order to make Oyl of their Fat : And there is a great Store of Tur- tle on all this Coaft. We coafted yet farther on this Shore, till we came to the iflands of Champello. Thefe may feem to have fome Affinity to Champa, by the Sound of the Word, which one would take to be a Per- le a R and C. €f QvixMm, *»y ihf Sea, The fei/.ing Shipwrackt Men his Ix'cn al(o a Oiflom at Pe^u\ but whether ftiH continued 1 know not. 'J'hev lookt on iuth as Men prclrrv- f d by God, purpofely for thcni to feed and main- tan» ; and therefore the King ordered them to be maintained by his Sulv^-^ts ; nciilicr was any Work required of them, bii tliey bad I^iberey to Ivg. By this means they get Food and Kaimcnt from the Inhabitants, who were zcaloudy clvari* iaf>le to tliem. But to proceed •, wc kept a little without all the filands and coafting five or fix Leagues further, wf5 Hood right over towards the N. !•'. Cpd of the Bay of ioiitfuin. The Bay of ^onquin has its I'-n* trance between the S. K. Point of Champa on ti\e Welt-fidc, which lies in the L.at. of about 1 2 d. North, and tlie Ifland of //ywrfw near the S. \V. part of Cbina^ on the Eall fide. The Ifland of Aj- namh in about 19 d. North. It is a pretty conli- derable Ifland, well peopled with C/^/w^y^ Inhabi- tants. They luive SJiips of their own, and drive a grc.u B. of Tonquin. P. Rokbo. a pmt Tr;ul(! l)y Sen. I hiivc (fct\ many of their ^» •'^W. Ships, (onu! of loo i'un, with Outl.igcrii on both ~ Sides, und oihcr^ likr ortliiiiiry Jonks, without Oiil- laprrs i hiir ^m wholly ignorant of their 'J'radc^ any farther thin what I have mrntioncd of fhcir luvinc; P^',^ ^7A- Near the CotI of the IJ.iy of f'oncjnin there are Ahunilance of (mall Ill.inds, of which I fhall fj>cak morr hrrcaficr. J'hc Mouth of the Bay Iccnis td be barrel! up with liic j^rrat Shol'! of Pracel^ wjiick lies fl retched at lenj/jth before it, yet leaving two wide Ch.ioncis, one at ear l» J' nd i lb that .Ships may pals in or o.:r (it her way. And therefore cv(;n the Ships tliat are bf)und frf)n) tlie Slreights of Ma- Ltcr.i or Slum to (ihinuy may us v/rll pais to and fiom within the Shole as without. The Bay of I'onfjuin is about ;^o Leagues wide in the broadell I'larc. There is p,ood Soundinj', and Anchoring all over it: and in the Middle, whrre it isdecpeff:, there in about 4O f-ai horn water. 'J'herc voii liave black ( )a/.e, and dark IV-ppery Sand : hut on the Weft- fide there is reddiih (^axy Sand. ii(;(ide the orjier Iflands before-mentioned, there arc others of lels Note on the CochiuJ.vnn Coafl \ but none of thein all above four or li/e Miles from t)]€ Shore. In the Bottom of the Bay alio, there are fom? fmajl Iflands, clofe by the ^on^uin Shore : 2 of thefe ;ire of efpecial Note, nor for their Bignefs, but lor Sea-marks of the 2 principd Rivers, or Mouth rather of the chief River of Tonquin, Ojm; of thefe Riverr, or Mouths, is called Rokho. It (liUluirges it felf into the Sea near the N. W. Cor iicr of the Bay : and the Mouth of it is in about 20 d. 6 m. N. This River or Branch I was not at, but have been informed, that it has not above i ?. I oot Water at the i:lntrancc i but tJwt its Bottom is % 'il Hi- 10 F'tjhers /. R,of Domca.' ''Jn. 1688. Is loft Oaz, and therefore very convenient for ^^VV fn,all Vcflels, and it is the way that all the Cbmft and SiafHATS do ufe. About a I-caguc to the WcU- ward of this River's Mouth, there is a fmall pretty high Ifland call'd Fijhers IJland. It lieth iibout two Mile from the Shore, and it h;ith good An- choring about it in 1 7 or 1 8 Foot Water : and therefore it is not only a Sea-mark for the River, but a fecure place to ride in, and very convenient for Ships to anchor .it, to fhelier themfclvcs when they come hither, elpccially if they have not a pre- fcnt Opportunity to enter the River \ either bccaufe of coming too late in the Year, or being hind red by bad Weather. The other River or Mouth, was that by which wc entered i and 'tis larger and deeper than the former. I know not its particular Name •, bu*- for diftindlion 1 Ihall call it the River of Domea\ bc- caufe the firft Town of Note, that I Hiw on its Bank was fo called. The Mouth of the River is in lat. 20 d. 45 m. It difembogues 20 Leagues to the N. E. of Rokbo. There are many dangerous Sands and Shoals between thcfe two Rivers, which ftretch into the Sea 2 Leagues or mort : and all the Coaft, even from the Cochinchina Shore on the Well, to China on the Eall, admits of Shoals and Sands, which yet in fome Places lie ftretched farther off from the Shore than in others. This River of Domea is that by which moft European Ships enter, for the Sake of its Depth : yet here is a Bar of near two Mile broad, and the Chan- nel is about half a Mile broad, having Sands on each Side. The Depth of the River is various at different Times and Seafons, by the Relation of the Pilots who are beft acquainted here : for at fome Times of the Year here is not above 15 or 16 Foof Water on a Spring Tide ; and at other Times here are 26 or 27 Foot. The higheft Tides are faid to be in the Months lOft yet lun- :ach krcnc Iwho the )n a 27 the Inths The Channel. -A/. Elephant. Batdia.* it Monchi of Novembfr^ Ddembir^ and January^ when ^». >6«t. the Northerly Monfoons blow ; and the lowed in V^VV> Majy Juncy and 7«/>, when the Southerly Mon- foons blow i but to be particular in them is beyond my Experience. The Channel of the Bar is hard Sjind, which makes it the more dangerous : and the Tides whirl- ing among the Sands, fet divers ways in a Tides Time ; which makes it rhe more dangerous dill. Therefore Ships that comt hither, commonly wait for a Pilot to direct them, and if they arrive when it is Nepc-tide, they muft (lay for a Spring before 1 Pilot will come oft to take Charge of them. The Mark of this River is a great high ridgy Mountain in the Country, callM the Elephant. This muft be brought to bear N. W. by N : then fteering towards rlie Shore, tlic Water runs Ihallower, till you come into 6 Fathom, and then you will be two or three Miles from the Foot or Entrance of the Bar, and a- t}out the fame Diftance from a fmall Ifland called Vcarl IJknd ; which will then bear neareft N. N. E. Having thefe Marks and Depth, you may anchor, and wait for a Pilot. The Pilots for this River are Filhermen, who live at a Village called Batjha^ at the Mouth of the River ; fo feated, that they can fee all Ships that wait for a Pilot, and hear the Guns too, that are often fired as Signals by Europeans^ t»givc Notice of their Arrival. It was in the Road before the Bar, in Sight of the Elephant Land, that we found the Rainbow of London, Captain Pool Commander, riding and waiting for a Pilot, when we and Captain Lacy arrived. Captain Pool came direftly from England^ and pafling thro' the Streights of Sundy, touched at Batavia. He had lain here 2 or 3 days before we arriv*d : but the Spring-tides coming on, the Pilots came aboard, h * ["■ i i' I :' 'I 11 11 ,1 it 12 '^« ^ Domca. The Dutch there S wf». irtss aboard, and we all three in Company paflfed in o *^^^^ vcr the Bar," and entring aboirt half-flood, we had 14 Foot and a half Water on the Bar. Being got dver the Bar, . we found it deeper, and the Bottom fofr Oaze. The River at its Mouth is above a Mile wide, but grows narrower as you run farther up. We had a moderate Sea-breeze, and having- a good Tide of P'lood, made the belV of it to reach to our anchoring Place. . - Having run about five or fix Leagues up the Ri- ver, we palt oy a Village called Domea. This is a handfome Village : and 'twas the firfl: of Note that we faw Handing on the Banks. 'Tis feated on the Starboard- fide going up, and fo nigh the River, that the Tide fometimes wafhes the Walls of the Houfes, for the Tide rifes and falls here nine or tea Foot. This Village confifts of about lOo Houfes, The D«/i/7 Ships that trade here do always lye in the River before this Town, and the Dutch Seamen, by their annual Returns hither from Batavia, are very intimate with the Natives, and as free here as at their own Homes : for the 'Tonquinefe in general arc a very fociable Pcuple, efpecially the Traders and poorer Sort : but of this more in its proper Place. The Dutch have inftrufted the Natives in the Art of Gardening : by which means they have Abundance of Herbage for Sallading ; which among other Things is a great Refrefhment to the DutJ} Seamen, when they arrive here. -• .V Tho' the Dutch who come to trade in this King- dom, go no higher with their Ships than this Dc- sneay ;yet the Englijh ufually go about 3 Mile farther .up, and there lye at Anchor during their Stay in this Country. We did fo at this Time, and pafling by Domea came to an anchor at that Diftance. The Tide is not fo ftrong here as at Domea i but we found not one Houfe near it : yet our Ships had not lain their many- Days beforp the Natives came from .^ I : . alll They anchor and are vijitedfrom Cachao. all the Country about, and fell a building them^'^ Houfes after their fafliion •, fo that in a Month's time ^ there was a little Town built near our anchoring Place. This is no unufual thing in other parts of hid'ia^ efpecially where Ships lye long at a place, the poorer fort of Natives taking this Opportunity to truck and barter ; and by fome little Offices, or Begging, but efpecially by bringing Women to let to hire, they get what they can of the Seamen. This place where our Ships rode at Anchor was not above 20 Miles from the Sea : but the Trade of the Kingdom is driven at Cachao^ the principal City i where for that Reafon the Engliflj and Dutch Eaji- India Companies have each of them their ladors conftantly refiding. The City was far- mer up the River, about 80 Miles fjrom our an- choring Place •, and our Captains got themfelves in a readinefs to go up thither •, it being uiual to fend up the Goods in the Country Boats, which are large ind commodious enough -, and the hire is pretty reafonable both for the Veflfels, and the Men who manage tliem. They arc Tonqiiinefe^ and ufe both Oars axid Sails. Our Factory at Cachao had news of our arrival before we came to an Anchor, and immediately the chief of the Factory, with fome of the King of 'Tonquin^s Officers, came down to us, by that time we had lain there about 4 or 5 Days, The 'Tonqninefd Officers came xo take an ac- count of the Ships and Lading, and our Captains received them with great civility, firing of Guns, feafting for 2 or 3 Days, and Prefents alfp at their return back to Cachao. ■ ; Soon after their departure, the chief of the FaAory returned thither again, and with him went our three Captains, and fome others, among whom I got leave to go alfo. Captain IVeldon had recommended me to the chief of the Factory, while he wafi aboard us : and my going up now to the City, 1688. hii'lr a nJ- i t 1 ^' .li'i \ I i \i 14 Tleafant Trofpe6i, Leprous Beggars. Hcan An, 1 688. City, was in Order to have his Afliftance in the yyy^ Voyage to Cocbinchina, Champa, or • Cambodia, which Captain IVeldon had contrived for me ; nor was it his Fault that it came to nothing. We went from our Ships in the Country Boats we had hired, with the Tide of Flood, and ancho- red in the Ebb : For the Tide runs ftrong for thirty or forty Miles beyond the Place where we left our Ships. Our Men contented themfelves with looking after their Goods fthe Tonquinefe being ve- ly light-finger'd) and left the Management of the Boats entirely to tiie Boat's Crew. Their Boars have but one Maft ; and when the Wind is againft them they take it down, and ply their Oars. As we advanced thus up the River, fometimes rowing, fomctimes failing, we had a delightful Profpecl over a large level fruitful Country. It was gene- rally either Pafture or Rice-iields •, and void of Trees , except only about the Villages , which flood thick , and appeared mighty pleafant at a Diftance. There are^ many of thefe Villages ftand clofe to the Banks of the Rivers, incom- pafTed with Trees on the Backfidc only, but open to the River. When we came near any of thefe Villages, we were commonly encounter'd with Beggars, who came off to us in little Boats made of Twigs, and plaiftered over both Infide and Outfide with Clay, but very leaky. Thefe were a poor Leprous Peo- ple, who for that Reafon are compcll'd by the reft to live by themfelves , and are permlrted to beg publickly. As foon as they fpied us they fet up a loud doleful Cry, and as we pad by them we threw them out fome P ice, which they received with great Appearance of Joy. In about four Days Time we got to Hcan^ a Town on the Eaft-fide of the River ; which is here en- lire i for a little before wc came to Mean we met the Chincfc and French Faftories at Hcan.^ i$ the main Stream where it parts into the two Chan-i^ff. f6S«^ nels, that of Domea^ whicli wc came tip, and the o- ^^^^V^-^ ther of Rokbo : making a large and triangular Ifland between them and the Sea ; the Mouths of thofe Channels being, as I have faid, 20 Leagues afunder. Hean is about 60 Miles from the Place where we left our Ships, and about 80 from the Sea thac way : But along the River or Cnannel Rokbo^ where. the Land trends more to the Southward, it Teems to be farther dillant from the Sea. 'Tis a confido- rable Town, of about 2000 Houfes ; but the In- habitants are mofl poor People and Soldiers, wh<» keep a Garrifon there ; tho' it has neither Walls, Forr, nor great Guns. Here is one Street belonging to the Chinefe Mer- chants, For fome Years ago a great many lived at Cacbao'i till they grew fo numerous, that the Natives themfelves were even fwallowed up by them. The King taking Notice of it, ordered them to remove from thence, allowing them to Hve any where but 'n the City, But the aiiajor Part of them prefently forfook the Country, as not finding it convenient for them to live any where but at Cachao ; becaufe that is the only Place of Trade in the Country, and Trade is the Life of a Chinefe. However fome of them were content to fettle at Hean^ where they have remained ever (ince. And thcfe Merchants, notwithftanding the Prohi- bition, go often to Cachao^ to buy and fell Goods v but arc not futfer'd to make it their conftanc Refi- dence. There were two of thefe China Merchants who traded yearly to Japan, with raw and wrought Silks, bringing back Money chiefly. Thefe all of them wore long Hair braided behind, as their own Country Fafliion was before the Tartarian Conqueft. The French too have their Factory here, noc being allowed to fix at Cackto and their Bilhops Pa- •5,1, ■ :A; H . ■ 'I f:1 ,idi , ;■ !i ii' : :•' I i 16 The Author s Arrival at C^ch^iO. .An. 1688 Palace is the faireft building in Hean: but of this i^^V^ I ihall have occafion to fpeak more hereafter. The Governor of the adjacent Province lives here. He is one of the principal Mandari}is of the Nation, and he has always a great many Soldiers in the Town, and inferiour Officers, whom he employs at his j)leaUire on any Occafion. Bcfides, here are alfo fome of the King's River Frigats, ,\vhich I fhall hereafter defcribe, ready to be fent on any Expedition : and tho' no Europeans come «p fo far as this with their Ships, (that I could learn) yet the Siamites and Chinefe bring their Ships up the River Rokbo, quite to Hean, and lie at Anchor before it : and we found there feveral Chi- nt^fe Jonks. They ride a-float in the middle of the River ; for the Water does not rife and fall much at this place : Neither is the flood difcerned by the turning of the flream i for that always runs down, tho' not fo fwift near full Sea as at other times : for the Tide prefling againft the Stream, tho* faintly fo far up the River, has not Power to turn it, but only flackens its Courfe, and makes the Water rife a little. The Governor or his Deputy gives his Chop or Pafs to all Veflels that go up or down ; not fo much as a Boat being fuffer'd to proceed without it. For which Reafon we alfo made a Scop : yet we flayed here but a little while ; and therefore I did not now go afliore j but had a while after this a better Opportunity of feeing Hean, From HeiW we went up to Cachao in our Boats, being about 2 Days more on our Voyage, for wc had no Tide to help us. We landed at the Englijh Fadtory, and Tftayed there 7 or 8 Days, before I went down to our Ships again in one of the Coun- try Boats. We had good weather coming up: but it rained all the time of this my firft ftay at Cachao \ and we had much wet weather after this. Buc Obfervatlons about the State of Tonquin.' 17 lut having got thus far, I fhall now proceed to-rf».i688. [ive fomc general Account of this Country j^ [om my own Obfervations, and the Experience of lerchants and others worthy of Credit, who ivc had their Refidencc there, and fomc of lem a great many Years. )i Vol. U. C H A Pj I !«I1 tii'' It 1 111 - ' : :i''^ tmi ' '■,: ■ I )^\ i ■':,( ;•!; 51 't P 'i'. :,'li Nil ..ui^ , It I Iff'; ■ 'I H; Vt 'Ml ^9 The Situathtt of the Kingdam of Tonqain. An. 1688. ;i: i(i,f It VwW ■• . ..• t CHAP, II. Tohqirin, its S'ltimtion, Soil, Waters, andTm vinces. Its natural Troduce, Roots, ^derbli Fruits, andTrees. The Cam-chain and Camj quit Oranges. Their Limes, &c. Their BcJ tie and Lichca Fruit. The ?or\Q tree ^ Lack] trees, Mulbcrry-^r^^-'x, a7id Rice, Thetr Lanl Animals, Fowl, tame and "-juild j Nets fm wild ^ucks, Locujis, Fifh, BalachaurJ Nukemum-^/V^/f, Soy, and manner oj /v/J ing. The Market, 'Provijtcns, Food m\ Cookery, Their Chau or Tea. The Tempi rature of their Air and Weather througlm the Tear, Of the great Hears near the \\\ picks. Of the yearly Layid Floods here, ai elfewhere in the Torrid Zone, and of the *verflowmg of the Nile in Egypt. Of Storr\ called Tuffoons : and of the Influence t\\ Rains have on the Harveji at Tonquij and elfewhere in the Torrid Zone, TH E Kingdom of I'onquin is bounded to t! North and North Eaft with China, to tj Weft with the Kingdom of Laos, to the S. ari E. with Cochiiichina and the Sea, which waflies part of this Kingdom. As to the particular Bouni or Extent of it, I cannot be a competent Juds coming to it by Sea, and going up diredly Cachao : but it is reafonable to believe it to be pretty large Kingdom, by the many great Pn vinces which are faid to be contained in it. Th part of the Kingdom, that borders on the Sea, is vei to ti to tJ S. arl allies I Bounl Judg aiy to be I Ht Pr Thl a, is! vel Its Make, Soil, and IP^aters* 19 very low Land : neither is there any Hill to be feen, An. 1688. but the Elephant Mountain, and a Ridge of a much '*>'V^ lefs Heighth continued from thence to the Mouth of the River of Domea. The Land for about fixty Miles up in the Country is ftill very low, even and plain : nor is it much higher, for about forty Miles farther quite to Cachao, and beyond it ; being v.ith- oiJt any fehfible Hill, tho* generally of a tolerable good Heighth, and with fome gentle Rifings here and there, that make it a fine pleafant Champion ; and the further Side of this alfo is more Level than the Champion Country it felf about ILan or Caoao, Farther Hill to the North, beyond all this, I have been informed that there is a Chain of high Moun- tains, running crofs the Country from Eaft to Weft i but I could get no Intimation of what is be- yond them. The Soil of this Country is generally very rich : That very low Land I fpeak of towards the Sea, is moll black Earth, and the Mould pretty deep. In fome Places there's very ftrong Clay. The Cham- pion L-'nd is generally yellowifh or greyifli Earth, of a loofcr and more friable Subftance than the for- mer : yet in fome Places it has a Touch of tlie Clay too. in the plain Co^mtry, near the Mountains laft mentioned, there are faid to be fome high fteep Rocks of Marble fcattered up and down at unequal Dillances, which Handing in that large pkin Savan- nah, are like fo many great Towers or Gaflles: and I they appear more vifible, becaufe the Land about them is not burdened with Wood, as in fome Places in its Neighbourhood. 1 have faid fomewhat already of the great River and its two Branches Rokho and Domea, wherewith this Country is chiefly water'd : tho' it is not d^fti- tuce of many other pleafant Streams, that are loft in thefe, in their Courfe towards the Sea : and probably there are many others, that run imme- C 2 diatcly ': «!•' "T.i'-.if k0 ' (If Mr. li ' I i; i} 1 ! U 2G The Provinces of Tonquiti. Jin. i688diatcly into the Sea, through their own Channels, ^•OP*^ tho* not fo navigable as the other. The Country in general is very well watered •, and by Means of the I great Navigable River and its Branches, it has the Opportunity of Foreign Trade. This rifcs about the Mountains in the North, or from beyond them } whence running Southerly toward the Sea, it pafles thro' the before- mentioned Plain of Marble Rocks, and by that Time it comes to Cachao, which is about forty or fifty Miles to the South of the Mountains, 'lis about as broad as the Thames at Lambeth : yet fo fhallow in the dry Seafon, as that it may be ford- ed on Horfeback. At Heattj twenty Miles lower, 'tis rather broader than the 'Thames at Grave/end \\ and fo below Hean to the Place where it divides it klf. The Kingdom of Tonquin is faid to be divided into I eight large Provinces, viz. the Eaji and ^efi Pro- f vinces, the North and South Provinces, and the Province of Cackao in the Middle between thole four : which five I take to be the principal Provinces, making the Heart of the Country. The other three, which are Tenan^ Tenehoay and Ngeam^ lie more up- on the Borders. The Province of Tenan is the mod Eafterly, ha- ving China on the S. E. the Ifland A^nam and the Sea on the S. and S. W. and the Eafi Province on the N. W. This is but a fmall Province ; its chiefeft ProduA is Rice. The Eafi Province flretches away from Tenan to the North Province, having alfo China on its Eaft fide, part of the South Province, and the Province or Cachao on the Weft ; and the Sea on the South. This is a very large Province ; 'tis chiefly low Land, and much of it Iflands, efpecially the S. E. part of it, bordering on the Sea towards Tenan ; and here the Sea makes the Cod of a Bay. It has Abundance I of Fifhermen inhabiting near the Sea ; but i^s chief Pro- [This Province The Trovlnce of Tonquin. 21 a t Produce is Rice : here is alfo good Pafturagc, and-^*'^^^* ifiiuch Cattle, ^c. Hcan is rlie chief Place of this "^"^T^ [Province, and the Scat of the Mandarin its Gover- nor. The S. Province is the triangular Ifland, made by Sea: The River oiDomea is on its Eaft-Ilde, dividing iitfronnthe Eaft Province, and liockbo on the Weft, dividing it from Tenan \ having the Sea to its South. This Province is very low plain even Land, pro- Iducing Rice in great Abundance : here arc large Pafturcs, and Abundance of Filhermen near the Sea. lenehoa to the Weft of Rokbo, has the Weft Pro- vince on its North, ^ynam on its Weft, and the Sea dn its South : this Province is alfo low Land, chief- ly abounds in Rice and Cattle, and hath a great itrade in Fifhing, as all the Sca-Coaft has in gene- ral. The Province of Ngeani^ hath T'enehoa on the Eaft, and on the South and Weft it borders on Cc- Icbinchina, and has the Weft Province on its North. This is a pretty large Province, abounding with Rice and Cattle : and here are always Soldiers kept to guard the Frontiers from the Cochhichi- \ncjcs. The Weft Provinces hath Ngeam on the South, the Kingdom of Laos on the Weft, the Province of Cachao on the Eaft, and on the North the North Province. This is a large Province, and good Champion Land ; rich in Soil, partly woody, pardy Pafture. The Produft of this Province is chiefly in Lack -, and here are bred a great Abun- dance of Silk-worms for making Silk. The North Province is a large Tra6l of Land, ma- king the North-fide of this whole Kingdom. It hath the Kingdom of Laos on the Weft, and China on the Eaft and North, the Kingdom of Bao or hotnn on the North Weft, and on the South Bor- C 3 ders V ■ 'y 'i ^ . Ill ^1 il \ h il 2 a Herbage, JVild TurJIairty &c. An, i633.(j^t'S on three of th'^ principal Provinces of Toftquin^ ^^y^y^^ viz. the Weft: Province that of Cachao^ and the Eaft Province. The North Province, as it is large, fo it has Variety of Land and Soil j a great deal of plain Champion Land, and many liigh Mountains which yield Gold, ide. The wild Elephants of this Country are found mo.l on thcfe Mountains. The other Parts of the Province produce Lack and Silk, b^-. The Province of Cachao, in the Heart of die Kingdom, lies between the Eaft, We'd, North, and South Provinces : *tis a Champion pleafant Coun- try : the Soil is yellow or grey Earth : and 'lis pret- ty woody, with fomr Savannahs. It abounds with tne two principal Commodities of their Trade, ^^■z. Lack and Silk, and has fomc Rice: Nor are any of the Provinces defl:itute of thcfc Commodities, tho' in different Proportions, each according to the re- fpedtive Soil. This Countrv has of its own Growth all Necefia- ries for the Lift of Man. They have little Occa- fion for eatable Roots, having fuch Plenty of Ricti yet they have Yams and Potatoes for Variety i which would thrive here as well as any where, were the Natives induftrious to propagate them. The Land is every where cloached with Herbage of one, kind or other-, but the dry Land has the fame Fate that moft dry Lands have between the 'froptcks^ to be over-run with Purflain ; whicli growing wild, and being pernicious to other ten der Herbs and Plants., they are at the Pains tc weed it out of their Fields and Gardens, though 'ti very fweet, and makes a good Sallad for a ho' Country. There is a Sort of Herb very common in th Country, which grows wild in ftagnant Ponds, am ^oats on the Surface of the Water. It has a narrow' long, green thick Leaf, It is much efteeme \'i fruits. Can and eaten hy very wholelo expel Poyfon. Sorts of wild well furnifhec cfpecially mai Plenty. Plantains a well as any w Fruit, and noi merica. Befuh cellent Fruits, The Ground- apples, ^c. Oranges, I im their much dm, &CC. Tl" two of them Sort is called C Cam, in the ^ range, but wh ^it fignifie 1 1 The Cam-cba Colour: The 1 the In fide is ye grant Smell, a Sort of Orangi believe there ai may eat freely that they are and other fick The Cam-qu above half fo 1 red Colour, ar The Infide alfc oar to the Cam wholefome Fr» to Fluxes •, fo ^': f >*/>/. Cam chain 4rW Camquit Oftfw^"//, &c. if and wten by the Natives, who commend it For ^f'tj^^ very wiiolefomc Herb, and fay that 'tis good to ^^^^* expel Poyfon. This Country produces many other Sorts of wild Herbs ; and their Gardens nlfo arc well fiirnifhcd with plcafant and wholcfome ones, efpecially many Onions, of which here are great Plenty. Plantains and Bonanoes grow and thrive here as well as any where, but they are ufcd here only as Fruit, and not for Bread, as in many Places of /f* imrka. Befides thefe here are divers Sorts of ex- cellent Fruits, both Ground-fruit and Tree-fruit. The Ground- fruits are Pumpkins, Melons, Pine- apples, ^c. the Tree-fruits are Mangoes, a few Oranges, I imes, Coco-nuts, Guava's, Mulberries, their much ellcemcd Bctle, a Fruit called Lr- cb^a, &c. The Oranges are of divers 5orts, and two of them more excellent than the rell One Sort is called Cum-chavH,, the other is call*d Cam-^uit, Cam, in the Tonquinefi Language, fignifies an O- range, but what the diftinguilhing Words Cam and ^uit fignifie I know not. The Cam-cha'm is a large Orange, of a ycllowidi Colour: The Rind is pretty thick and rough ; and the Infide is yellow like Amber. It has a mod fra- grant Smdl, and theTafte is very delicious. This Sort of Orange is the bed that I did ever tafte \ I believe there are not better in the World : A Man may eat freely of them ; for they are fo innocent that they are not denied to fuch as have Fevers, and other fick People. The Cam-quit is a very fmall round Fruit, not above half fo big as the former. It is of a deep r°d Colour, and the Rind is very fmooth and thin. The Infide alfo is very red ; the Tafte is not inferi- our to the Cam-chain, but it is accounted very un- wholefome Fruit, efpecially to fuch as are fubjeA to Fluxes •, for it both creates and hcighrens that C 4 diilem- f s Lit) ¥ . K \ I - Mir "1 ■:■ i. live hiefly of it. Of Land-Animals in this Country there are lephants, Morfes, Buffaloes, Bullocks, Goats, leer, a few Sheep for the King, Hogs, Dogs, 'ats , Lizards , Snakes , Scorpions , Ceniapees , 'oads, Frogs, ^c. I'lie Country is fo very popu- |efly o'js, that they have but few Deer or wild Game or Hunting, unlefs it be in the remoter Parts of iie Kingdom. But they have Abundance of Fowls oth tame and wild. 'ilie tame Fowls are Cocks dHens, and Ducks alio in great Plenty, of the line Sort with ours. The Inhabitants have little tlo'jics w^VX-* 5 big red- the in the or [ves, the di- lood and be ich rich lid. Icfc I Ik A : (i : ' M i:, ;* M H 1 I 'i ,i !ii tS Fo'-jol Nets for W'tld'Dueks, Locujls, An. i^SSHoufes made purpofely for the Ducks to lay rheirl ^'^''^^^^ Eggs in, driving them in every Night in layino Time, and letting them out again in the Morning, There are alfo fome Geele, Parrots, Partridges. Parakites, Turtle-Doves, i^c. with many forts of fmaller Birds. Of wild Water- fowls, they have Ducks, Widgeons, Teals, Herons, Pellicans, and Crab-catchers, (which I Ihall defcribe in the Bay of Campeachfj and other fmaller Water-fowls. The Duck, Widgeon, and Teal are innumerable : Theyl breed here in the Months of A/^jy, June.^ and July, then they fly only in Couples : but from OBober tol March you will fee over all the low watry Landsl great Companies together : and I have no where ken fuch large Flights, nor fuch Plenty of Game. They are very fliy fince the E}}glijh and Dutch fettled! here ; for now the Natives as well as they Ihooi them: but before their Arrival the '■Tonquinife tookl them only with Nets, neither is this Cuftom lef[l off yet. The Net that is ufed for this Game isl ir>adc fquare, and either bigger or lefs accoRiing aJ they have Occafion. They fix two Poles about tenl or eleven Foot high, upright in the Ground, nearl the Ponds, where the Ducks haunt ; and the Netl has a Head-cord, which is ftretched out ftreightj made from the Top of one Pole to the other ; froml whence the lower part of the Net hangs down loofJ towards the Ground •, and when in the Evening they fly towards the Pond, many of them llrike af gainfl: the Net, and are there entangled. There is a kind of LoculV in Tonquin, in great! Abundance. This Creature is about the Bignefil of the Top of a Man's Finger, and as long as thel firfV Joynt. It breeds in the Earth, efpecially in tli Banks of Rivers and Ditches in the low Country! In the Months of Janrary and February, which iil the Seafon of taking them, being then only feenj this Creature rirft comes out of the Earth in hugtl SwarnisI i) Catching of Ldcufts, Frags and Fijh. 27 Swarms. It is then of a whitifh Colour, hnvitigAn. 1688. two fmall Wings, like the Wings of a Bee : at its Brit coming out of the Earth it takes its Tlight •» but for Want of Strength or Ufe falls down again ia a fhort Time. Such as ft rive to fly o^er the River, do commonly fall down into the Water and are drowned, or become a Prey to the Fi(h of the Ri- ver, or arc carried out into the Sea to be devoiired there : But the Natives in thcfe Months Watch the Rivers, and take up thence Multitudes, Ikimmihg them from off the Water with little Nets. They eat them freih, broiled on the Coals j or pickle them to keep. They are plump and fat, and are much efteemed by Rich and Poor, as good whole- fome Food, either frelh or pickled. The Rivers and Ponds are ftored with divers Sorts of excellent Fiih, befides Abundance of Frogs, which they angle for, being highly efteemed by the ^onquimfe. The Sea too contributes much towards the Support of poor People, by yielding plentiful Stores of Fifli, that fwarm on this Coaft in their Seafons, and which are commonly preferred before the River Fifh. Of thefe here are divers Sorts, be- fides Sea-Turtle, which frequently tome aftiore on the fandy Bays in their Seafohs to lay their EggSi Here are alfo both Land-crabs anfd Sea -crabs good Store, and othei" Shell -fifti, viz, Craw-fifti, Shrimps, and Prawns. Here is one Sort of fmall Fifh much like an Jncbov.y, both in Shape and Size^ which is very good pickled. There are other Sorts of fmafl Fiih, which I know not the Naimes of. One Sort of them comes in great Shoals near the Shore, and thefe the Fiftiermen with their Nets take fo plenti- fully as to load thfeir Boats with them. Among theie they generally take a great many Shrimps in their Nets, which they carry afhore mixt together as they take thcxn, and make BalacbauH with them. UT mm k*i It 'if W V 1- Bala- ) I f'/'i it Balachaun, Nukc-Mum, Soy'i i ! ■•! I \<, # i it 11 "jm. 1688. Balachaun is a Compofition of a ftrong Savour ; •^*^ yet a very delightfomc Difh to the Natives of this Country. To make it, they throw the Mixture of Shrimps and fmall Fifh into a Sort of weak Pickle made with Salt and Water, and put it into a tight earthen Veffcl or Jar. The Pickle being thus weak, it keeps not the f'ilh firm and hard, neither is it probably fo defigned, for the Fifh are never gutted. Therefore in a Ihort Time they turn all to a Malh in the Veffcl •, and when they have lain thus a good while, fo that the Fifh is reduced to a Pap, they then draw oif the Liquor into frefh Jars, and pre- ferve it for ufe. The mafht Fifh that remains t c- hind is called Balachaun, and the Liquor pour*d off is called Nuke-mum. The poor People eat the Bala- chaun with their Rice. 'Tis rank-lcentcd, yet the Tafle is not altogether unpleafant ; but rather fa- very, after one is a little ufed to it. The Nuke- fnum is of a pale brown Colour, inclining to grey ; and pretty clear. It is aifo very favory and ufed as a good Sauce for Fowls, not only by the Natives, but alfo by many Europeans., who efleem it equal with So-j. I have been told that So'^ is made partly with a fifhy Compofition, and it feems moft likely by the Tafte : tho* a Gentleman of my Acquain- tance, who was very intimate with one that failed often from Tonquin to Japan, from whence the true Soy comes, told me, that it was made only with Wheat, and a Sort of Beans mixt with Water and Salt. Their way of Fifhing differs little from ours : in the Rivers they take fome of their Fifh with Hook and Line, others with Nets of feveral Sorts. At the Mouths of the Rivers they fet Nets againft the Stream or Tide. Thefe have two long Wings open- ing on each Side the Mouth of the Net, to guide the Fifh into it •, where pafling through a narro\\ Neck, they are caught in a Bag at the farther End. Whorr t*];' ii The Tonquincfe manner of Fifhin^, ip Where the River's Mouth h fo wide, that the ''*• »<58». ying of the Net will not reach from fide ta fide, ^■''^VVrf at Batjhaw particularly it will not, there they fup- ly that Defeft, with long (lender Canes, which hey ftick upright near one another in a Row : for n both Sides of the River, when the Tide run9 ong Cwhich is the Time that the Fifh are mo- ing^ the limber Canes make fuch a rattling by Itri- ng againft each other, that thereby the Fifh are icared trom tlience towards the Mouth of the Net, [n the Middle of the Stream. Farther up the Ri- m-, they have Nets made fquare like a great Sheet. This Sort hath two long Poles laid acrofs each o- ^her. At this crofling of the Poles a long Rope ts faftned ; and the Ne^ hangs down in a Bag by its Corners from them. To manage it there is a fub- hntial Poft, fet upright and firm in the River •, and |thc Top of it may be eight or ten Foot above the r^ater. On the Top of this Poft there is a Mortice lade to receive a long Pole, that lies athwart like the Beam of a Balance ; to the heavier End of (fhich they tie the Rope, which holds the Net *, [id to the other End another K.ope to pull up the Net on Occafion. The Fiihermen fink it with Stones to the River's Bottom, and when they fee tny Fifh come over it, one fuddenly pulls the Rope ^t the oppofite End of the Beam, and heaves Net ^nd Fifh out of the Water. They take a great deal Df Fifh this way : and fometimes they ufe Drig- s^ets, which go quite a-crofs, and fweep the Ri- ver. . . •■ ■ In the flagnant Ponds, • fuch as the Mandarins have commonly about their Houfes, they go in and ^rouble the Water with their Feet, till 'tis all mud- iy and thick : and as the Fi(h rife to the Surface ihey take what they pleafe with fmall Nets, faflned jto a Hoop, at the End of a Pole. For mm h'^'A >.r.i' ^■'• ■< f ■.i\ Iii • III u^i \ I'll , : 1 : ; ;l 1 ' ] '> ' ' f^«' JO T^eir Markets, Trovifans, and Cookery. A: 1688. For all thefe Sorts of Proviiion there are MarkcJ duly kept all oyer T^onquin one in the Week, injl Ncigbourhood of four or five Villages ; and helJ at ca^h of them fucceffively in its Order : fo thail the fame Village has not the Market returned to ii| till four or five Weeks after. Thefe Markets arcl abundantly more ftor*d with Rice fas being iheirl chief Subfiftence, efpecially the poorer Sorr) thajl either with Fleih or Fifli, yet wants there not fori Pork, and young Pigs good Store, Ducks and HenJ Plenty of Eggs, Fifh great and fmall, frelh and faltJ cd Balachaun and Nuke-Mum ; with all Sorts ofj Roots, Herbs, and Fruits, even in thefe Country! Markets. But at Cachao, where there are Markets! kept every day, they have befides thefe, Beef of Bull locks, Buffaloes-flelli, GoatSrflefh, Horfc-flclliJ Cats and Dogs, (as I have been told) and Locufts. They drefs their Food very cleanly , and make! it favory : for which they have feveral Ways unf known in Europe •, but they have many Sorts otj Difhes that would turn the Stomach of a StrangerJ which yet they themfelyes like very well, as pari ticularly, a Dilli of raw Pork, which is very cheap! find common. This is only Pork cut 2.nd minced! very fmall, fat and lean together -, which being af| terwards made up in Balls, or Roils like SaufagesJ and preft yery hard together, is then neatly wrap;! up in clean Leaves, and without more ado, fervedl up to the I'able. Raw Beef is another Difh, muciil cfteemed at Cacbao, When they kill a Bu)' >ck they! finge the Hair off with Fire, as we finge Bacon[ Hogs in England, Then they open it *, and whilej the Fleili is yet hot, t!jey cut good CoUops from off the lean Parts, and put them into a very tart Vine gar, where it remains three or four Hours longer,! till it is fufficiently foaked, and then, without morel Trouble, they take it out, and eat it with greatl Delight. /. s for Korfe-flclh, I know not whether! they 'jrje and Elephant ^y Flejhy T>ogs and Cats, Sec, 31 hey kill any purpofcly for the Shambles •, or whe- ^» 1688. Ither they only do ic, when they are not likely ^'^^ ' live 5 as I have feen them do their working ullocks at Galicia in Old Spain -, where the Cattle 'ailing down with Labour, and being fo poor and iired that they cannot rife , they are fiaughtered , 'and fent to Market ; and I think I never eat worfe Beef than at the Qroin. The Horfc-flefh com^ to Market at Cachao very frequently, and is as mncji efteemed as Beef. Elephants they eat al- io ; and the Trunk of this Bead is an acceptable Prefent for a Nobleman, and that too tho' the Beaft dyes with Age or Sickncfs. For here are but few wild Elephants, and thofe fo ihy, that they are not eafily taken. But the King having a great Number of tame Elephants, when one of thcfe dyes, 'tis given to the Poor, who piefently fetch away the flcdi, but the Trunk is cut in Pieces, and prefented to the Mandarins. Dogs and Cats are killed purpofe- ly for the Shambles, and their FieHi is much elleem- ed by People cA the befl: Falhion, as I have been cre- dibly informed. Great yellow Frogs alfo are much admired, efpecially when they come frelh out of the Pond. They have many other fuch choice Dilhes : and in all the Villages, at any Time of the Day, be ic Market-day or npt, there are feveral to be fold by poor People, w^o make it their Trade. The moft common Sgrt^ of Cookeries, next to boiled Rice, is to drefs little Bits of Pprk, Ipitted five or fix of them at once on a fmall Skiver, and roafted. In the Markets alfo, and daily in every Village, there are Women fitting in the Streets, with a Pip- kin over a fmall Fire, iwWoi Chauy as they call it, a Sort cf very ordinary Tea, of a reddifh brown Co- lour, and 'tis their ordinary Drink. The Kingdom of 'Jonquin is in general healthy enough, efpecially in the dry Seaion, when alfo it is very delightfom^. For the Seafons of the Year at '' ; iv^: *i'' iiiV' ri A it 'i '«' \ii ., ■f (■■ 3* *rhe Authors Arrival at Cachao. t m -ip 'M ^i « ufB. 1688 at Tonquin and all the Countries between the TrA '"^^V^ picks, arc diftinguiflied into Wet and Dry, as pro{ perly as others are into "Winter and Summer : Bmj as the Alreration from Winter to Summer, anJ vice verfa is not made of a fudden, but with thel interchangeable Weather of Spring and Autumn J fo alfo towards the End of the dry Seafon, there arc! fomc gentle Showers' now and then, that precedcl the violent wet Months j and again toward the End! of thefe, feveral fair Days that introduce the dryl Time. Thefe Seafons are generally much alike at) the fame Time of the Year in all Places of the Tor-I rid Zone, on the fame Side of the Equator: but fori two or three Degrees on each Side of it, the WeaJ ther is more mixt and uncertain, ('tho' inclining to the wet extreme^ and is often contrary to that whichl is then fettled on the fame Side of the Equator morel townrd the Tropick. So that even when the wetl Seafon is fet in, in the Northern Parts of the Torridl Zone, it may yet be dry Weather for two or threel Degrees North of the Line : and the fame may bcl faid of the contrary Latitudes and Seafons. Thisll fpeak with Refped to the Drynefs or Moifture ofl Countries in the Torrid Zone : but it may alfo hold] good of their Heat or Cold, generally : for as tol all thefe Qualities there is a further Difference arifes from the Make or Situation of the Land, or other| accidental Caufes, befides what depends on the rct fpeftive Latitude or Regard to the Sun. Thus thc| Bay of Campeachy in the fVeft-Indies, and that of Ben- gal in the Eaft, in much the fame Latitude, are ex- ceeding hot and moift ; and whether their Situa* tion, being very low Countries, and the Scarcityl and Faintnefs of the Sea-breezes, as in moft Bays,! may not contribute hereunto, I leave others tol judge. Yet even as to the Latitudes of thefe Places, lying near the Tropicks they are generally uponl that Account alone more inclined to great Heats,! than nl Greater heat near the Trop. than the Line. 3 3 than Places near the Equator. This is what M^- 1688' (lave experienced in many places in luch Latitudes 30ch in the Eafl and IVefi- Indies, that the hotteft parts of the World are thefe near the Tropicks, pfptcially 3 or 4 Degrees within them ; fenfibly hotter than under the Line it felf. Many reafons lay be afligned for this, befide the accidental ones trom the make of the particular Countries, Tro- pical Winds, or the like. For the longeft Day at [the Equator never exceeds 12 Hours, and the oght is always at the fame length : But near the >opicks the longed Day is about 1 3 Hours and an tialf ; and an Hour and an half being alfo taken liom the Night, what with the length of the Day, and the fhortnefs of the Night, there is a difference bf three Hours : which is very confiderable. Be- |fides which, at fuch Places as are about 3 Degrees vithin the Tropicks, or in the Lat. of 20 Deg. N. Ihe Sun comes within 2 or 3 Degrees of the Ze- lith in the beginning of Ma^j ; and having paft [he Zenith, goes not above 2 or 3 Degrees beyond before it returns and pafleth the Zenith once lore i and by this means is at leaft three Months k'ithin 4 Degrees of the Zenith : fo that they have [he Sun in a manner over their Heads from the be- ;inning of Ma), till the latter end of July. Where- [s when the Sun comes under the Line, in March Y September, it immediately polls away to the ^orth or the South, and is not 20 Days in pafling :rom 3 Degrees on one fide, to 3 Dt-grees on the per fide the Line. So that by his fmall ilay there, [he Heat cannot be anfwerable to what it is near [he Tropick, where he fo long continues in a man- ner Vertical at Noon, and is lo much longer above [he Horrizon each particular Day, widi tlie iiiter- pingof a fliorter Night. But to return to 'Tonquin. During the wet ^lonths there 'tis exccfTive hoc, efpccially when- P ever Mi 1.1 -i'l m • ■■lv v: , !l i-^ \'\ l!lS f 111 I .1 : .1 III 1 . 34 Tbe Caufe of the overflow oj Nile. 'An. i688 ever the Sun breaks out of the Clouds, and thc:«| ^^'"V^***' is then but little Wind rtirring ; And I have beerJ told by a Gentleman who livcil there many YcarJ that he thought it was the hottcft Place that ever he was in, though he had been in many other Partil of India. And as to the Rains, it has not the leadl fhare of them, though neither altogether the grcattfll of what I have met with in the I'orrid Zone ; anci even in the fame Latitude, and on the fame fide ofl the Equator. The wet Scafon begins here the \\\ ter End of Aprils or the beginning of Ma^ \ undl holds till the latter F^d of Aii^ujl^ in which Timel are very violent Rains, fome of many Hours, othcrJ of two or tlirec Days continuance. Yet arc ncJ thefe Rains without feme confiderable intervals rJ fair Weather, efpecially toward the beginning &:l end of the Seafon. By thefe Rains are caus'd thofe Land-flooi!iJ which never fail in thefe Countries between tnj Tropicks at their annual Periods •, all the River then overflowing their Banks. This is a thing fJ well known to all who are any way acquiinteJ with the Torrid Zone, that the Caufe of the over] flowing of the Nile^ to find out which the Ancier.ij fet their Wits fo much upon the^ Rack, and fanciel melting of Snows, and blowing of Elefia^ and know not what, is now no longer a Secret. Fcf thefe Floods muft needs difcharge themfelves upcil fuch low Lands as lie in their way j as the Landi Eg'jpt doei' with refpe^l to the A9/ttcheSy and Gardens. 0/1 Cachao, the Capital City. Ovens to fecurt Goods from Fire ; and other Precautions a- gainft it. The Street > of the City, the Kingi ^FalaceSy and En^i^lilli and Dutch Faifories. An Artificial Mole above the City, to break the Force of the Land-floods. Of their PFi-ves and Common Women. Feafis at the Graves o^\ the 1)eady and Annual Feafis : their enter- taining iz'ith Bctlc and Arck, (b'c. Their Religion, Idols, ^Pagods, "Triefls, Offerings^ and "Trayers. Their Language and Learn- ing. Their Mechanick Arts, Trades, Ma- nufactures, Commodities and Traffick. TOnquin is very populous, being thick-fet with Villages •, and the Natives in general are of a middle Stature, and clean Jimb*d. They are of a Tawny Indian colour : but I think the faireft and cieareft that I ever law of that Complexion : for you may perceive a Blufh or Change of Colour in fomc of their Faces, (ir\ any fudden Surprize ot Paflfion i which I could never difcern in any other Indians. Their Faces ajre generally flattifh, and of an oval Form. Their Nofes and Lips are propor- tionable enough, and altogether graceful. Their Hair is black, long and lank, and very thick -, and fhey wear it h.uiging down to their Shoulders. Their y 'if \ Blacking of Teeth a great Beauty, 41 Their Teeth are as black as they can make them ; An. i68$, for this being accounted a great Ornament, they ^^'V^ dye them of that Colour, and are three or four Days doing it. They do this when they are about twelve or fourteen Years old, both Boys and Girls: and during all the Time of the Operation they dare not take any Nourifhment, befides Water, Chau, or feme liquid Thing, and not much of that nei- ther, for fear, I judge, of being poyfon'd by the Dye, or Pigment. So that while this is doing they undergo very fevere Penance : but as both Sexes, fo all Qualities, the Poor as well as the rich, muft be in this Fafhion : they fay they ihould elfe be like Brutes ; and that would be a great Shame to them to be like Elephants or Dogs j which they compare thofe to that have white Teeth. They are generally dextrous, nimble, and aftive, and ingenious in any Mechanick Science they pro- f-fs. This may be feen by the Multitude of fine Silks that are made here -, and the curious Lacker- work, that is yearly tranfported from thence. They are alfo laborious and diligent in their Cal- lings ; but the Country being fo very populous, many of them are extreme poor for Want of Em- ployment : and tho' the Country is full of Silk, and other Materials to work on, yet little is done, but when ftrange Ships arrive. For 'tis the Money and Goods that are brought hither, efpecially by the Englifi) and Dutch ^ that puts Life into them : for the Handicrafts Men have not . Money to fet themfelves to work ; and the Foreign Merchants are therefore forced to truft thcrn with Advance- money, to the Value of at leaft a third, or half their Goods ; and this for fwo or three Months or more, before they have made their Goods, and brought them in. So that they having no Goods ready by them, till they hafe Money from the Merchant IStrangers, the Ships that trade hither muft of Ne;- cellity II I: ■ m :v' ;] /I J, ;• i'.- ' .; f t i-' :ir|''-i' Ml:: . »i I •% 42 Gaming, Cloathing of the Tonquiiicfc. uf>». i688.cefrity ftay here all the time that their Goods m\ *^^VVJ niaking, which are commonly 5 or 6 Months. The ^onquinefe make very good Servants ; l| think the beft in India* For as they are generally apprehenfive and docil, fo are they faithful when hired, diligent and obedient. Yet they are low fpirited : probably by reafon of their living under an Arbitrary Government. They are patient in Labour, but in Sicknefs they are mightily dcjeded They have one great Fault extreme common among them, which is gaming. To this they are fo uni- verfally addifted. Servants and all, that neither the| awe of their Mafters, nor any Thing elfe, is fuffi- cient to reftrain them, till they have loft all they | have, even their very Cloaths. This is a reigning Vice among the Eaftern Nations, efpecially thel €hinefe, as I faid in the 15th Chapter of my former Volume. And I may add, that the Chinefe I found fettled at 'Tonquin, were no lefs given to it than thofe I met with elfew! ere. For after they have loft their Money, Goods and Cloaths, they will| ftake down their Wives and Children : and laftly, as the deareft Thing they have, will play upon tick,! and mortgage their Hair upon Honour : And what- ever it coft tliem they will be fure to redeem it. Foi a free Chinefe as theie are, who have fled from the tartan, would be as much aftiamed of fhort HairJ as a 'Tonquinefe of white Teeth. The Cloaths of the ^onquinefe are made either ofl Silk or Cotton. The poor People and Soldiers dol chiefly wear Cotton Cloath dyed to a dark tawnyl Colour. The rich Men and Mandarins commonhl wear EngUJh Broad-Cloath : the chief Colours aril red or green. When they appear before the King,! they wear long Gowns which reach down to theirl Heels : neither may any Man appear in his prcJ fence but in fuch a Garb. The great Men havcl alfo long Caps made of the fame that their GownJ ■1'.;] r ' i!l^ ^ m Their Houfes and Furniture, 4^ Lre made of: but the middle fort of Men and the^». t6S8^ [poor commonly go bare-headed. Yet the Filher- ^■^''VNi linen, and fuch t.abourcrs as are by their EmpJoy- Inients more expofed to the Weather, have broad- brimm'd Hats made of Reeds, Straw, or Palmeto- leaves. Thefe Hats are as ftiff as Boards, and fit not pliant to their Heads : for which reafon they have Band-ftrings or Necklaces faftened to their Hats ', which coming under their Chins are there tied, to keep their Hats faft to their Heads. Thefe Hats are very ordinary Things ; they feldom wear them but in rainy Weather. Their other Cloaths are very few and mean : a ragged pair of Breeches commonly fufHceth them. Some have bad Jackets, [but neither Shirt, Stockings nor Shooes. The 'Tonquinefe Buildings arc but mean. Their I Houfes are fmall and low : the Walls are either Mud, or Wattel bedawbed over : and the Roofs I are thatched, and that very ill, efpecially in the Country. The Houfes are too low to admit of Chambers : yet they have here 2 or 3 Partitions on the Ground floor, made with a watling of Canes or Sticks, for their feveral ufes ; in each of which I there is a Window to let in the light. The Win- dows are very fmall fquare Holes in the Walls, which they fhut up at Night with a Board fitted for that Purpofe. The Rooms are but meanly fur- mflied -, with a poor Bed or two (or more, accord- ing to the bignels of the Family) in the inner Room. The outer Rooms are furnifhed with Stools, Benches, or Chairs to fit on. There is alfo a Ta- ble, and on one fide a little Altar, with two In- cenfe-pots on it ; nor is any Houfe without its Altar. One of thefe Incenfe Pots has a fmall bun- dle of Rufhes in it -, the ends of which I always took notice had been burnt, and the fire put out. This outer Room is the place where they commonly dreis their Food : yet in fair Weather they do it as It'll J \ ili'' r <'■■ '' :\^ .) :: w r.# m ' I'i I 'II «■..■ <' "H Ml , ^ [I- 1, J! ! 44. VillageSy Groves, Banks, and Twitches. An. i6S8.as frequently in the open Air, at their Doors, or in ^•^'Y^^ their Yards •, as being thereby the lefs incommoded by Heat or Smoak. They dwell not in lone Houfes, but together in Villages: 'tis rare to fee a fingle Houfe by it felf. The Country Villages commonly confift of twenty, thirty, or forty Houfes, and are thick feated over ail the Country ; yet hardly to be feen till you conip to their very Doors, by Reafon of the Trees and Groves they are furrounded with. And 'tis as rare to fee a Grove without a Village, in the low Coun- try near the Sea, as to fee a Village without a Grove : but the high Lands are full of Woods, and the Villages there Hand all as in one great Foreft. The Villages and Land about them do moft belong to great Men, and the Inhabitants are Tenants that manure and cultivate the Ground. The Villages in the low Land are alfo furround- ed with great Banks and deep Ditches. Thefe in- compafs the whole Grove, in which each Village ftands. The Banks are to keep the "Water from over- flowing their Gardens, and from coming into their J loufes in the wet Time, when all the Land about them is under Water, two or three Foot deep. The Ditches or Trenches are to prcfervethe Water in the dry Time, with which they water their Gardens when need requires. Every Man lets Water at Plea- i'ure, by little Drains that run inward from the Town -ditch, into his own Garden •, and ufually each Man's Yard or Garden is parted from his Neighbours by one of thefe little Drains on each Side. The lloufcs lie fcattering up and down in the Grove ; no where joining to one another, but each apart, and fenced in with a fmall Hedge. Every Houfe hath a fmall Gate or Stile to enter into the Garden iirft, for the Houfe Hands in the Middle of it : and the Gardens run alfo from the Bjickfide of the Houfe .to ••"V-w ^trty Gardens. Cachao.' 45 othe Town-Ditch, with its drain and hedge on^n.itH. leach fide. In the Gardens every Man has his own ruit-trees,as Oranges,Limes, Betle -, his Fumkins, lelons, Pine-apples, and a great many Herbs. n the dry Seafon thefe Grovy dwellings are very pleafant *, but in the wet feafon they are altoge- ther uncomfortable : for the' fenced in thus with 'banks, yet are they like fo many Duck-houfes all ivet and dirt: neither can they pafs from one Village to another, but Mid-leg or to their Knees in Water, unlefs fometimes in Boats, which they llceep for this purpofe : But notwithflanding thefe, they are feldom out of mire and wet, even in the. niidft of the Village or Garden, fo long as that feafon lafts. The Inhabitants of the higher pare of the Kingdom are not troubled with fuch incon- veniences, but live more cleanly and comfortably, forafmuch as their Land is never overflown with IWater : and tho' they live alio in Villages or Towns :.s the former, yet they have no Occafion to fur- roiind them with banks or trenches, but lie open to the Foreft. The Capital City CachaOy which Hands in the 1 Country about 80 Miles from the Sea, on the Vveft-fide of the River, and on a pretty level, yet rifing Ground, lies open in the fame manner, with-- out wall, bank, or ditch. There may be in Cachao bout 20000 Houfes. The Houfes are generally Jow, the walls of the Houfes are of mud, and the covering Thatch, yet fome are built with Brick, and the covering with Pan-tile. Moft of thefe Houfes have a Yard, or Back-fide belonging to them. In each Yard you fhall fee a fmall arched Building made fomewhat like an Oven, about fix foot high, with the Mouth on the Ground. It is built from top to bottom with brick, all overdaub'd thick with mild and dirt. If any Houfe wants a Yard, they have ncverthelefs fuch a kind of Oven as this, but finaller. m ■■■> m V.J ii 1. 1 4« 'Precautions againft l'e got by thefe loofe Amours, they foon [ocure . lusbands, that will love and efteem them |lleno,.gh : and themfelves alfo will prove after- jirds obedient and faithful Wives. For *tis faid, It even while they are with Strangers, they arc [ry faithful to them j efpecially to luch as remain tig in the Country, or make annual Returns hi- ler, as the Dutch generally do. Many of thefc jve gotten good Eftates by their Tongmn Ladies, |d that chiefly by trufting them with Money an^ Dods. For in this poor Country 'tis a great Aa- [ntage to watch the Market v and thefe Female jerchants having Stocks will mightily improve [em, taking their Opportunities of buying raw |k in the dead Time of the Year. With this they 11 employ the poor People, when Work is free V and get it cheaper and better done, than IcR Ships are here : for then every Man being em- E 2 ployed I r m') m I ■^^ k I< t iif" 'h ' ,1' ' ' i ' 1 '. ' 5 1 Funeral Tile and feafl, Jn. i^»88. ployed and in a Hurry of Bulincrs, he wi'l have] ^^"^^^^ Price according to the Ilaftc* of Work. And by d Means they will ^ret tiicir Goods ready againftn Ships arrive, and before the ordinary working Scj Ion, to the Profit boili of the Merchivu and the U gaily. When a Man dies he Is iiiterr'd in h^ own Land for here are no common Burying-nlaccs : An within a Month afterwards the Friends of the ceafed, efpecially if he was the Mafter of tlie Fairi ly, muft; make a great Feaft of Flelh and Fruit; tne Grave. *Tis a Thing belonging to the Priell Office to aflift at this Solemnity •, they are aKva|| there, and take care to fee that the Friends of ti| dcceafed have it duly performed. To make thisFeai they are obliged to fell a Piece of Land, tho' ik have Money enough othcrways : Which Money did beftow in fuch Things as are neccflary for the Solen Jiity, which is more or lefs, according to the Quail ty of the Dcceafed. If he was a great Man, theil is a Tower of Wood erct5led over the Grave; may be 7 or 8 Foot fquare, and built 20 or 25 Fo higli. About 20 Yards from the Tower, are litti Sheds built with Stalls, to lay the Provifions oij both of Meat and P'ruits of all Sorts, and that great Plenty. Thither the Country People refortt fill their Bellies, for the Feall feems to be free fora Comers, at leait of the Neighbourhood. Flow it! dreft or diftributcd about, I know not ; but thert the People wait till 'tis ready. Then the Pried gcj within the Tower, and climbs up to the Top, an looking out from thence, makes an Oration totlj People below. After this the Prieft defcends, an then they fet F'ire to the Foundation of the Tofl cr, burning it down to the Ground: and whtj this is done they fall to their Meat. Ifawonei thefe Grave-Feafts, which I fhall have dfcwhere cafion to mention. The Tajiiwes at the Ne^Ji'Tcar^ Fenfl.' 51 I The ToNquwi'fe have two Annual Fcafts. The^»_i£S? iicfis at the firll New-Moon of the Nfw-Ti'ar : and Icir New- Year begins with the lirfl New-Moon that Is out after the Middle of ynuuary, for clfc that loon is rcckon*d to the OKI Year. At this Time ty nuke merry and rejc^ycc lo or i2 Days, and [en there is no Biifinels done, hut every Man makes (midf as fine as may be, cfpecially the common Vt. Tlicfe fpend their Time in Gaming or Sport- r, and you fhall fee the Streets full of People, Jth Citizens and Country-Folks, gazing at fevcral Ivcrtinii F.xcrciles. vSomc fet up Swings in the |rcc't% and g't Money of thofe that will fwing in Icm. 'J'hc Frames are contrived like ours in the lids about Londofi in Holiday Times : but they |lio fwing Hand upright in the lower part of the ving, which is only a Stick (landing on each End, ting faflned to a pendulous Rope, which they hold 111 with their Hands on eacli Side -, and they raife bifclves to fuch a prodigious Heighth, that if the ving Ihould break they mull needs break their limbs at bell, if not kill themfelves out-right. O- Icrsfpcnd their Time in Drinking.* Their ordinary Irink i« Tea: but they make themfelves merry kh hot Rack, which fometimes alfo they mix with leir Tea. Either way it hath an odd nafty Tafte, Vis very ftrong ; and is therefore much efteemed them, efpecially at this Time, when they fo luch devote themfelves to Mirth, or Madnefs, or fen beftial Drunkennefs. The richer Sort are lore refervcd •, yet tiiey will alfo be very merry at lis Time. The Nobles trc.^.t their Friends with good lieer and the bell Rack •, but indeed there is none bod in this Country. Yet fuch as they have they feem as a great Cordial •, efpcciiilly when Snakes (d Scorpions have been infuied therein, as I have jen informed. This is not only accounted a great [ordial, but an Antidote againll the Lcproiy, and L A ail •^ < ■ ll ■! I' I.' i, ••■ i m mm '. v.. - -l: ■A : 'i I 1 5+ Chinam, a Tafic us'd with Bctlc and Arck. Jrf*. i68r;all Sorts of Poifon ; and 'tis accounted a great PiJ ^>^^Y^^ of RefpeCt to any one to treat him with his Liquo I had this Relation from o e that had been treati thus by many of the great Men. They alfo at tli Time more cfpecially chew Abundance of Beil and make Prefents thereof to one another. The Betle Leaf is the great Entertainment in Eaft for all Vilitants *, and 'tis always given witj the Arek folded up in it. They make up the Ate] in Pellets fit for ufe, by firft peeling oft the outa green hard Rind of the Nuts, and then fplittingi length-ways in rhree or four Parts, more or lefs, acl cording to its Bignefs. Then they dawb the all over with Chinam or Lime made into a Morti or Paftc, and kept in a Box for this Purpoftl fpreading it thin. And here by the Way I fhall take Notice of I Slip in the former Volume, p. 318. which Helirj may be correfted : the Nut being there by Miftakj call'd the Betle, and the Arek-rree call*d the Betk| tree, whereas Betle is the name of the Leaf thff chew. In this Leaf thus fpread with Chinam, tliej roll up a (lice of Arek Nut, very neatly, and makj a Pellet of about an Inch long, and as big as tli Top of one*s Finger. Every Man here has a that will hold a great many of thefe Pellets, in whicJ they keep a Store ready made up : for all Perfonsj of what Quality foever, from the Prince to th Beggar, chew Abundance of it. The poorer Soij carry a fmall Pouchful about with them : Biitt'u Mandarins, or great Men, have curious oval Boxc made purpofely for this ufe, that will hold fifty lixty Betle Pellets. Thefe Boxes are neatly lackera and gilded, both Infide and Outfide, with a Covd to take off -, and if any Stranger vifits them, cfptj ciilly Europeans, they are fure, among other goo Entertainment, to be treated with a Box of Bed! The Attendant that brings it, holds it to the \d Ha ' ^refents of Bctlc, and Entertainment si 5 5 fand of the Stranger ; who therewith taking o^An. 1688. he Cover, takes with his right Hand the Nuts out vx'Y^sJ jf the Box. 'Twere an Affront to take them, or jive or receive any thing with the left Hand, which confined all over India to the viler Ufes. It is accounted good Breeding to commend the 'afte or Neatnefs of this Prefent ; and they all love |to be flarcer'd. You thereby extreamly pleafc the latter of the Houfe, and ingage him to be your Friend : and afterwards you may be furc he will lot fail to fend his Servant with a Prefent of Betle )nce in two or three Mornings, with a Comple- ment to know how you do. This will coft you a fmall Gratuity to the Servant, who joyfully ac- ]uaints his Mafter how gratefully you received the Iprefent : and this ftill engages him more ; and he Iv/ill complement you with great Relpedt whenever he Imeets you. I was invited to one of thefe New-years IFeafts by one of the Country, and accordingly Iwent afhore, as many other Seamen did upon like jinvications. I know not what Entertainment they (had ; but mine was like to be but mean, and there- fore I prefently left it. The fl-aple Difh was Rice, ^hicS I have faid before is the common Food : Be- Ifides which, my Friend, that he might the better cn- liertain me and his other Guefts, had been in the [Morning a fifhing in a Pond not far from his Houfc, land had caught a huge Mefs of Frogs, and with [great Joy brought them home as foon as I came ta Ihis Houfc. I wonderM to fee him turn out fo ma- jny of thefe Creatures into a Basket -, and asking [him what they were for ? he told me, to eat : but how he dreft them I know not ; I did not like his [Dainties fo well as to (lay and dine with him. The other great Feall they have, is after their |M(2)-crop is hous*d, about the Beginning of June^ At this Feaft alfo they have publick Rejoycing ; |b'Jt much infcriour to thofeoftiieir New-years Fealt. E 4 There 'n- \ri I n.. if ■ ■ h\ f U: , m 5 <5 T/je Religion and Idols of Tonquln. '^n. 1688. Their Religion is Paganifm, and they are great! ^y>^^ Idolaters : Neverthelcfs rhey own an omnipotent, fupreme, over-ruling Power, that beholds both! them and their Adions, and fo far takes Notice of them, as to reward the Good, and punhli the Bad in the other World. For they believe the Immortality of the Soul : but the Notion that they have of the Deity is very obfcure. Yet by the Figures which they make rcprefentii?g this God, they manifeftly fliew that they do believe him to excel in Sight, Strength, Courage and Wifdom, Juftice, i^c. For though their Idols, which are made in humane Shapes,] are very different in their Forms •, yet they all repre- fent fomewhat extraordinary, either in the Counte- nance, or in the Make of the Body or Limbs. Somel are very corpulent and fat, others are very lean; fome alfo have many Eyes, others as many Hands,! and all grafping fomewhat. Their Afpeds are alfol different, and in fome Meafure reprefenting what they are iTiadc to imitate, or there is fomewhat in their Hands or lying by them, to illuftrate the Meaning of the Figure. Several Pallions are alfo reprefented in the Countenace of the Image, as Love, Hatred, Joy, Grief. I was told of one Image that was placed fitting on his Hams, with his Klbowsl refting on his Knees, and his Chin refting on his two! Thumbs, for the fupporting his Head, which lookt drooping forwards : his Eyes were mournfully lifted up towards Heaven, and the Figure was fo lean,! and the Countenance and whole Compofure was fo forrowful, that it was enough to move the B^^holder with pity and Compaffion. My Friend (iiid hewasj much affecced with the Sight thereof. vih ■ , There are other Images alfo, that ^vt in thel Shape of Beads, either Elephants or Horfes, for I| have not feen them in any other Shape, The Paio- (las or Idol Temples, are not fumptuous and magni-| licent, as in fome of the Neigbouring Kingdoms. They I T^^ Pagodas (?r Temples, The Trhjs, S7 khey are generally built with Timber, and -re but-^»- '688." fmall and low : yet moftly covered with I'untile -, ^^ efpecially the City Pagodas -^ but in the Country fome of them are thatched. I law the Horfe and Elephant Idols only in the Country : and indeed I faw none of the Idols in the City Cacbao, but was told they hvere generally in humane Shapes. The Horfe and Elephant Images I faw, were I both Sorts about the Bignefs and Height of a good Horfe, each Handing in the midft of a little Temple, juft big enough to contain them, with their Heads towards the Door : and fometimes one, fometimcs two together in a Temple, which was always open. There were up and down in the Country other Buildings, fuch as Pagodas, or Temples, Tombs, or the like, lefs than thefe ; and not above the Heiglith of a Man : but thefe were always fhut fo Iclofe, that I could not fee what was within them. There, were many Pagan Priefts belonging to thefe iPd^odas, and 'tis reported that they are by the Laws tied to itri(^ Rules of Living, as Abflinence from Women, and ftrong Drink efpecially, and enjoin- ed a poqr Sort of Life. Yet they don't feem to confine, themfelves much to thefe Rules : but their Subfiftence being chiefly from Oherings, and there being many of them, they are ufualiy very poor. The Offerings to the Prieft is commonly two or three Handfuls of Rice, a Box of Betle, or fome luch like Prefent. One Thing the People refort to them for is Fortune-telling, at which they pretend to be very expert, and will be much offended if any |tlifput€ their Skill in that, or the Truth ot their Re- ligion. Their Habitations are very little and mean, Iclofe by the Pagoda^, where they conftantly attend ItQ offer the Petitions of the poor People, that fre- quently refort, thither, on fome fuch Errand. For |they have no fet Times of Devotion, neither do liiey feern to eftcem one Day above another, except , ., their „'i 'if ^ h -'ill 'v 1» v_»>. »■ . r r ' i II.. I. il: i ■ !!'M 4 4 I 1 til H 5 S Tke Solemnity of their Prayers, '^n. 1 688' their Annual Feafts. The People bring ro tlie Prieft in Writing what Petition they have to make : and he reads it aloud before the Idol, and afterwards burns it in an Inccnfe-pot, the Supplicant all the while lying proftrate on the Ground. I think the Mandarins and rich People feldom come to the Pagodas^ but have a Clerk of their own, who reads the Petition in their own Courts or Yards: and it fhould fecm by this, that the Ma.ida-l rins have a better Senfe nf tne Deity, than the com- mon People i for in thcfe Yards, there is no Idol, before whom to perform the Ceremony, but 'tis done with Eyes lift up to Heaven. When they make this Petition they order a great deal of good Meat to be drclt, and calling all their Servants into the Court, where rhti Ceremony is to be performed, they place rhe Food on a Tabic, where alfo two In- ccnfe-pocs are placed, and thtn the Mandarin pre- fents a Paper to the Clerk, who reads it with an au- dible Voice. In the firft Place there is drawn up an ample Account of all that God has bleft him withal, as Health, Riches, Honour, Favour of his I Prince, ^c, and long Life, if he be old; and tc-l wards the Conclufion, there is a Petition to God for a Continuance of all the^'* Bleflings, and a iarthprj Augmentation of them* elpecially wich long Life and Favour of his Prince, which laft they efteem as the greatefl: of all BlefE..gs. While this Paper is reading, the Mafter kneels down, and bows his Face to the Karth; and when the Clerk has done reading! it, he purs it to the burning RuHies, that are in the I Incenfe-pot, where 'tis confum*d. Then he flings | in 3 or 4 little Bundles of facred Paper, which is ve- ry fine and gilded; and when that alfo is burnt, he I bids his Servants eat the Meat. This Relation I had from an Englijh Gentleman, who underftood the| Language very well, and was prefent at fuch a Cere- mony. I'his burning of Paper feems a great Cuftoni| amend flings s ve- It, he I had the Cere- iftom The Tonquincfc Language and Writing. 59 among the Eaftcrn Idolaters: and in my former yO'An:\6%%. lume 1 obfervcd the doing fo by the Chinefcy in a Sa- crifice they had at Bencouli. The ^ronquinefe Language is fpoken very much through the Throat, but many Words of it are pro- nounced through the Teeth. It has a great Affinity to the Cbinefe Language, efpccially the Fokein Dia- led, as 1 have been informed : and though their Words are differently pronounced, yet they can un- derftand each other's Writings, the Charaiflers and Words being fo near the fame. The Court Lan* guage efpecially is very near the Cbinefe ; for the Courtiers being all Scholars, they fpeak more ele- gantly i and it differs very much from the vulgar corrupted Language. But for the Malayan Tongue, which Monfieur Tavernier^s Brothf^r in his Hifto- ry of lonquin fays is the Court Language, I ne- ver could hear by any Perfon that it is fpoken there, tho* I have made particular Inquiry about it ; neither can I be of his Opinion in that Matter. For the Tonquinefe have no Manner of Trade with any Malaws that I could obfervc or learn, neither have any of their neighbours : and for what other grounds the Tonquinefc fhould receive that language I know not. k is not probable that either Con- Queft, Trade or Religion could bring it in ; nor do they travel towards Malacca^ but towards Cbiua % and commonly 'tis from one of thefe caufes that Men Jearn the language of another Nation. The remarkable fmoothnefs of that Language, I confpfs, might excite fome People to learn it out ot curiofity : but the Tonquiuefe are not fo curious. They have Schools of Learning and Nurferici to tutor youth. The Characters they write in arc the fame with the Chincfe^ by what I could judge i and they write with a hair Pencil, nor fitting at a Table, as v/c do, but ftand upright. They hold their Paper in one hancl, and write with the other : "»,' • il*'* filvlt' : H|': * 'i' ( i III i • 1 ! 60 Their Learning and Mechanick Arts. An. 1 588. making their Charafters very exaft and fair. yy^ They write their Lines right down from the Top to the Bottom, beginning the firft Line from the right Hand, and fo proceeding on towards the Left. Af- ter they can write they are inftruded in fuch Sciences as their Mafters can tutor them in -, and the Mathematicks are much ftudied by them : They feem to underftand a Httle of Geometry and Arith- metick, and fomewi.it more of Aftronomy. They have Almanacks among them: but I could not learn whether they are made in lonquin, or brought to them from Cloina. Since the Jefuits came into thefe Parts, fome of them have improved themfelves in Aftronomy pretty much. They know from them the Revo- lution of the Planets i they alfo learn of them natural Philofophy, and efpecially Ethicks : and when young Students are admitted to make Gra- duates, they pafs through a very ftrift Examination. They compofe fomething by way of Trial, which they mutt be careful to have wholly their own, for if it is found out that they have been afTifted, they are punifhed, degraded, and never admitted to a fecond Examination. The I'onquinefe have learnt feveral Mechanick Arts and Trades, fo that here are many Tradefmen, viz. Smiths, Carpenters, Sawyers, Joyncrs, Tur- ners, Weavers, Tailors, Potters, Painters, Money- changers, Paper-makers, Workers on Lacker- Ware, Bell-founders, ^c. Their Saws are moft in Frames, and drawn forwards and backwards by two Men. Money-changing is a great Profeflion here. It is managed by Women, who are very dextrous and ripe in this Employment. They hold their Cabals in the Night, and know how to raife their Cafh as well as the cunningeft Stock-jobber in London. ■xu The i...) Commodities and Mamifa[fures] 6i The ^onquinefe make indifferent good Paper, of •^»« '<58&i two Sorts. One Sort is made of Silk, the other of the Rinds of Trees. This being pounded well with wooden Peftles in large Troughs, makes the beft writing Paper. The vendible Commodities of this Kingdom, are Gold, Musk, Silks, both wrought and raw, fomc Caillcoes, Drugs of many Sorts, Wood for dying. Lacker- Wares, Earthen- Wares, Salt, Annifecd, Wormfeed, ^c. There is much Gold in this Country : It is like the China Gold, as pure as that of Japan^ and much finer. Eleven or twelve ^ale of Silver brings one of Gold. A Tale is the Name of a Summ about a Noble Englijh. Befides the raw Silk fetched from hence, here arc feveral Sorts of wrought Silks made for Exportation, viz, Pe-. longs, SiieSy Hawkins, Piniafco*s, and Gaws, The Pdongs and Gaws are of each Sort, eitl er plain or flowered very neatly. They make fev^eial other Sorts of Silk, but thefe are the Principal that arc bought by the EnglifJj or Dutch, ■ The lacker'd Vv^are that is made here, is not in- ferior to any but that of Japan only, which is elleemed the bcft in the World-, probably becaufe. the Japan W^ood is much better than tliis at^o«^?fi^, for there feems hot any confiderable Difference ia the Paint or Varnifh. The Lack oi^ronquin is a Sort cf gummy Juice, which drains out of the Bodies of Limbs of Trees. It is gotten in fuch Quantities by the Country People, that they daily bring it in gre^t Tubs to the Markets at Cachao to fell, efpecL- ally all the working Seafon. The natural Colour Is white, and in Subllance thick like Cream : but the Air will change its Colour, and make it look blackifh : And therefore the Country People that bring it to Town, cover it ov.r with 2 or 3 Sheets of Paper, or Leaves, to prcferve it in its frefli native I Colour. The Cabinets, Delks, or any Sort of Frames m il I I iiP 62 Of the Lacker-warp, Lack, and Tur^enttnt. jtn. 1688 Frames to be Lackered, are made of Fir, orl iy'V^ Pone-tree : but the Joyners in this Country may not compare their Work with that which the Eu. ropeans make : and in laying on the Lack upon good or fine joyned work, they frequently fpoil ^h' joynts, edges, or corners of Drawers of Cabinets : Befides, our fafhions of Utenfils differ mightily from theirs, and for that reafon Capt'h Poo/, in ^is fe- no Voyage to the Couniry, brought an in- gf-fiious Jo/ner with him to make fafliionable Com- iDoditics to be lackered here, as alfo Deal -boards, wh v.h ar : "nuch better than the Pone -wood c^ this Country. The Work-houfes where the Lacker is laid on, arc accounted very unwholefome, by reafon of a poifonous quality, faid to be in the Lack, which fumes into the Brains through the Noftrils of rHnfo that work at it, making them break out in Botches and Biles *, yet the fcent is not ftrong, nor the fmell unfavoury. The Labourers at this Trade can work only in the dry Seafon, or when the drying North Winds blow : for as they lay feveral Coats of Lack, one on another, fo thefe mull all have time to be thronghly dry, before an outer Coat can be ^aid on the former. It grows blackifh of it fclf, when cxpofed to the Air ; but the Colour is heightned by Oil and other ingredients mixt with it. When the outfide Coat is dry, they polirti it to bring it to a glofs. This is done chiefly by often rubbing it with the ball or palm of their Hands. They can make the Lack of any colour, and tern- J)cr it fo as to make therewith good Glcw, faid to be the bell in the World : It is alfo very cheap, and prohibited Exportation. They make Va rnifh alfo with the Lack. Kere is alfo turpentine m good plenty, and very cheap. Our Captain bought a confiderable quan- tity for the Ships ufe : and cf this the Carpenter mad: bours; tho* as Earthen Ware andT^nigs. 63 oade good Pitch, and ufcd it for covering the Seams -^»». •688. Jfier they were caulked. WN^ The Earthen Ware c^^. this Country is courfe and agrey Ccloi:i, yet ti»uy make great quantities of ill Earthen Diflies, that will ImlJ halt a Pint or ire. The) are broader towards the brim than aC - boL.om, fo that thev may be flowed within fne another. They have been fold by Europeans^ in nany cf the Aiaiayan Countries, and for that rea- son Capt. Pncl in his firft Voyage bought the bed bartoF 1 00000, in hopes to fell them in his return homeward at Batavia^ but not finding a Market lor :hem there, he carried them to Bencouli on the liland Suinatrciy where he fold them at a great brcfit to Governour Bloom : And he alfo fold molt pf them at good Advantage to the Nativ Udlayans i\iQ.rt : yet fome thoufands were Hill a: [he Fort when I came thither, the Country beir elutted with them. Capt, fFeldon alfo bought 30 DF 40000, and carried them to Fori Si. George, but liow he difpofed of them I know not. The China pares which arc much finer, have of late fpoiled [he fale of this Commodity in moft places : Yet at nckan in the Bay of Bengali^ they are ilill efteem- ^d, and fell at a good rate. The feveral forts of Drugs bought and fold here, ^re beyond my Knowledge : but here is China root, ^jalingame, Rhubarb, Ginger, i^c. Neither do I bow whether any of thefe grow in this Country, [or they are moftly imported fron their Neigh- Doursi tho* as to the Ginger, 1 think it grows ihere. Here is alfo a fort of Fruit or Berry faid to grow on fmall Bullies, called by the Butch Annifi^ fecaufe its fcent and tafte is ftrong like that of the Innifecd. This Commodity is only exported hence by the Butch, who carry it to Batavia, and there jiftil it among their Arack, to give it an Annifeed "ivour. This fort of Arack is not fir to make Punch I 1 i ■'i if ■Ivr .1. 1 !'. ■t^i' I :| [ IP '^' i ;,. i ' ' 1; ' 64 Sappm-woody fFormfeedy Musk, Rhubarb^ ^; '^if. i^'fiS-Ponch with, neither is it ufed that way, but foi V uiu of plain Arack. It is only ufed to take Dram of by itfclf, by xho: Dutch chiefly, whoir, ftcad of Brandy, will fwallow large dofes of it, tho' it be ftrong: but 'tis alio much uled and ellecmei all over the Eajt-ffidies. I'herc is one fort of Dying-wood in this Coun try much like the Campeachy Log- wood,, tho' whe ther the fame, or Wood of greater value, I kn(w| not. I have heard that *tis called Sappan Wood. and that it comes from Siam. It was fmaller than what we ufually cut in the Bay of Campeachy \ for| the biggell ftick that I faw here was no big than my Leg, and moil: of it much fmaller, and crooked. They have other fort of Dyes ; but l| can give no account of them. Th»:y dye feveral Colours hcfc, but I have been told they arc notj lafting. They have many forts of good tall Tim ber- trees in this Country, fit for any forts 01 Building : but by relation none very durable. For Mailing the Fir and Pone-trees are the bellj Here is much Wormfeed, but it grows not in thisl Kingdom. It is brought from within the Land from the Kingdom of Boutan^ or from thc^ Provincc| of Tu)2a?n, bordering on this Kingdom, yet belong ing to China. From thence comes the Musk anc Rnubarb-, and thefe three Commodities are faidto be peculiar to Bovtan and Tunam. The Musk grows in the Cods of Goats. The fame Countries yield Gold alfo, and fupply this Country with it: for Avhatever Gold Mines the T'onquifiefe are faid to have in their own Mountains, yet they do not work up- on them. .With all thefe rich Commodities, one would ex- pert the People to be rich •, but the Generality are very poor,, confidering what a Trade is driven here.j For they have little or no Trade by Sea therri felves, except for Eatables, as Rice, and Fiili, whic 5ger| growl yieldl t: fori :o have! k up-i The Trade driven at Tonquin. 6$ lich is fpent in the Country : but the main Trade -^«- >^88 chf Country is maintained by the CbiKefe^ En- ^-^^^T^ \[t^ Dutch ^ and other Merchant Strnngers, who ther refide here conftantly, or make thL-ir annual tturns hither. Thefe export their Commodities pd import fuch as are vendible here. The Goods Bporced hither belides Silver, arc Salt-peter, Sul- U, P-^^ifl) Broad-Cloath, Cloath-raflies, fomc j licoeSjPepper and other Spices,Lead, great Guns, |i. but of Guns the long Saker is moft cfleemed. or thefe Commodities you receive Money or Goods, cording to contradl : but the Country is fo very 3r, that, as I formerly obfervcd, the Merchant |mmonIy ftays 3 or 4 Months for his Goods after I has paid for them ; becaufe the Poor are notem- jyed till Ships arrive in the Country, and then ley are fet to work by the Money that is brought )iher in them. The King buys great Guns, and ne pieces of Broad-Cloath : but his pay is fo J, that Merchants care not to deal with him, jld they avoid it. Buc the trading People by all founts are honeft and juft : That I heard a Man \, who had traded there ten Years, in which time [dealt for many Thoufands of Pounds, tlmt he did in all that Time loofe i o/. by them all. 'J', CHAP. <2> rajr *i* wmm '• ' ■'IJi ' '' 111 I I '' ' 'if •'■^' fj^lll ■\ n '■'V |r:: '):;■: M !'. ,M IJJ i'<9'\ ;' I , :,•;!!. iM Mi 66 The Government ij/* Tonquiii. ^n. t<588. CHAP. IV. Of the Government ^/Tonquin. The two Km Boua and Choua j the Revolt of the U chinchincfe, and Original of the pre/tn Confiitution at Tonquin. Of the Boual Confinement, and the Choua'/ or ruling K\m Perfon and Government j and the Treajwl Elephants and Artillery, Their manner making Gunpowder, Of the Soldiers, tk Arms, Employment^ 6cc. Of the Nav\ Force, their fine G allies and Management \ them. The JFatch kept in their Towns, th\ Juftice and punishing of debtors, and Cff minals of all forts. Of the Eunuch ManJ rins : Their promotion and ^ijpofitio Of their fwearifig upon a draught of Hn I Blood : and the Trial by bitter fVaten Guinea. Of the Mandarins Entertainmeni The Chop-j licks ufed at Meals j andth\ kindnefs to Strangers. Tl His Kingdom is an abfolute Monarchy, of fuch a kind as is not in the World agaij for it has two Kings, and each fupreme in particular way : The one is called Boua, the ot] Choua ; which laft Name I have been told fignifl Majler. The Boua and his Anceftors were the fl Monarchs o^ Tonquin *, tho' I know not whether [ independent Sovereigns, or as Tributaries to Ch\\ of which they have been thought to have beeij Frontier Province, if not a Colony : for there i| great Affinity between them in their Languaj Religii The fjifo Kings Bona and Choua. 67 Wigion, andCufloms. Thefe two Kings they have^». i689. 1: prefi nt, arc not any way related in their Dcftent ^^^Y^^ br Families : nor could I learn how long their Go- vernment has continued in the prefent Form i but ^t appears to have been for fome Succeffions. The canon is varioufly reported j but fome give this i'ccount of it. The Boua'i or anticnt King's of Tonqtiin, were [ormcrly Mailers of Cochinchinay and kept that Na- jion in fubjedlion by an Army ofTonquinefe conflant- ly kept there, under a General or Deputy, who luled them. When Cochinchina threw off" the Tun- mtfe Yoak, the King had two great Generals, one Ccchinchina^ and another in 'Tonquin it fclf. rhefe two Generals differing, he who was in Cho- hiiichiua revolted from his Sovereign of T'onquin^ and ky his Power over the Army there, made himfelf ting of Chochinchina : fince which thefe two Nati- ons have always been at Wars i yet each Nation of wis rather on the defenfive part than on the of- i:nfive. But vhen the General who commanded in inchina had been thus fucccfsful in his Revolt ^om under the Boua, the ^onqtiinefe General took k Courage to do fo too ; and having gained the lifedions of his Army, deprived the King his Maf- lerof all the Regal Power, and kept it with all the Venues of the Crown in his own Hands : yet |taving the other the Title of King ; probably, caufe of the great Zeal the People had for that family. And thus the Kingdom came wholly into lie Power of rhi; Tonquinefe Gener^ly and his Heirs, [ho carry the Tii. '^ of CboUa -, the Boiia*s of the Wicnt Family having only the lliadow of that Au- jiority they were formerly Mafters of. The Bcua pes the Life of a kind of a Prifoner of Stare, with- I the old Palace, with his Women and Children ; nd diverts himfelf in Boats among his Fifh-ponds F 2 with- ^n' ' .1"? If'' 1*^ |;' ';?, ■ y^ • 'm'I' 1 I' M Hi ' i, V tli m III ,: I ^i. 'if i I ! ! 68 T-^^ defpotick 'Tower of the Choua. :<<». 1 688. within the Palace Walls, but never ftirs withoutl thofe Bounds. He is held in grea- Vcnenition by all the 'Tonquinefe, and feemingly by the Choua alfo; who never offers any violence to him, but treats him with all imaginable refpedl. The People fay they have no King but Boua ; and Teem to have fad Apprehenfions of the Lofs they fliould have, ii he fliould dye without an Heir : and whenever the Choua comes into his prefence, which is 2 or| 3 times in the Year, he ufeth abundance of Com- pliments to him, and tells him, that his very Life! is at his Service, and that he governs and rulej wholly to do him a Kindnefs : and always gives him the upper Hand. So alfo when any AmbalTa- dors are fent from the Emperour of China^ theyl will deliver their Meflage to none but the Boua^ and have their Audience of him. Yet after all this Pageantry, the Boua has only a few Servants to at-l tend him, none, of the Mandarins make their CourJ to him, nor is he allowed any Guards : All ihel Magiftracy and Soldiery, Treafure, and the order-l ing of all Matters of Peace or War, are entirely atl the Choua*s difpofal ; all Preferment is from hirrj and the very Servants who attend the Boua^ arcj fuch only as the Choua places about him. Befidesl thefe Servants, none are ever fuffered to fee thcl Boua^ much lefs Strangers : So that I could leaml nothing as to his Perfon. But as to the Choua, ll have been informed that he is an angry, ill-naturedj leprous Perfon. He lives in the fecond PalaceJ where he has ten or twelve Wives •, but what! Children I know not. He governs with abfolutd Authority over the Subjects, and witii great Ty| ranny : for their Lives, Goods, and Eftates aread his Conmand. The Province of Tenehoa is faidtol have belonged properly to his Anceftors, who werd great Maiid.irins before the Ufurpation. So thatliel now feems to have a particular value for it, anii kcefS! The Horfes, Elephants^ and Artillery. 69 ceps his Treafure there, which by report, is v try An. 168s great. This Treafure is buried in great Cifterns full "'^'^'^ ofWater, made purpofely for that ufe : and to fe- tureit, he keeps a great many Soldiers there ; and bmmits the charge, both of them and the Treafure, to the Governour of the Province, who is one of his principal Eunuchs. The Cboua has always a ftrong Guard of Sol '"ers about his Palace, and many large Stables for his lorfes and Elephants. The Horfes are about 13 nr 14 Hands high, and are kept very fat : there are or 300 of them. The Elephants are kept in long bbles by themfelves, each having a peculiar Room ^r Partition, with a Keeper to drefs and feed him. The number of the King's Elephants are about 150 |>r 200. They are watered and waflied every day I the River. Some of the Elephants are very gentle and go- [ernable, others are more indocil and unruly. ta thefe rude ones are to pafs through the Etreets, though only to be watered, the Rider or JrefTer orders a Gong or Drum to be beaten before Jiim, to warn People that an unruly Elephant is [cming ; and they prefently clear the Streets and live a paflage for the Bead •, who will do Mifchief any that are In the way, and their Riders or [eepers cannot reftrain him. Before the Choua\ Palace, there is a large Parade, lirfquare place for the Soldiers to be drawn up. \ one fide there is a place for the Mandarins to fit, tid fee the Soldiers* cxercifc, on the other fide \txt is a Shed, wherein all the Cannon and heavy Junsare lodged. There be 50 or 60 Iron Guns fom Falcon to Demy-Culverin, 2 or 3 whole Cul- [erin or Demi-Cannon, and fome old Iron Mortars [% on Logs. The Guns are mounted on their prriages, but the Carriages of thefe Guns are old ind very ill mad?. There is one great Brafs Gun, F 3 much H ! Ml ^t'- r ■f ■ ■ 5- , m \} \ ' r 1 I .i' ,i i| 1 I ,1 i ■ U 70 The Weapons and Soldiery of Tonquin. 'An. 1688 much bigger than the reft, fuppofcd to be 8 or fi^^t'^^ 9000 pound weight. It is of a taper bore i of a foot diameter at the Mouth, but much fmallcrar the Britch. It is an ill-fhaped thing, yet much e. ftcemed by them, probably bccaufe it was call here, and the biggeft that ever they made. It was call about 12 or 13 Years ago, and it being fo heavy, they could not contrive to mount it, but were be-l holding to the Englijh^ to put it into the Carriage;! where it now (lands more for a fhow then fcrvice But though this is but an ordinary piece of Woiv manfhip, yet the Tonquinefc underftand how to niJ Metals, and are very expert in tempering the Earth wherewith they make their Mould. Thefe are all the great Guns, that I faw or hcan of in this Kingdom, neither are here any Fort yet the King keeps always a great many Soldiers, 'Tis faid that he has always 70 or 80000 conftant ly in pay. Thefe are m'oll Foot, they are arm'i with Curtrins or Swords, and Hand-Guns of 3 foi and an half or 4 foot in the Barrel. The Bore is z- bout the bignefs of our Horfe Piftols, they are ail Match-locks, and they are very thick and heavy| The Soldiers do all make their own Powder. Tiic have little Engines for mixing the Ingredients, an make as fmall a Quantity as they pleafe. The know not how to corn it, and therefore it is in uii] equal lumps, fome as big as the top of a Man Thumb, and fonie no bigger than a white Pea: nei| ther have I feen any Powder well corn'd, that j-i been made in any of thefe Eaflern Nations. The Soldiers have each a Cartage Box covcrci with Leather, after the manner of the JVcJhlnS.i Privateers : but inflead of Paper Cartages, tiie are filled with fmall hollow Canes, each contviining, load or charge of Powder •, wnich they empty oi of the Cane into the Gun ; fo that each Box has in as it were, fo many Bandileers, Their Arms a kr III Good Eaters good Soldiers,' 71 kept very bright and clean : for which purpofe e-^»' "688. very one of them has a hollow Bambo to lay over *^V^ |[he Barrel of his Gun ; and to keep the Dull: from it it lies over the wrack in his Houfe. When they Lrch alio in rainy Weather, they have another Bambo to cover their Guns. This is large encugh 10 cover the whole B.irrel, and very well lackerM ; Bo that it is not only handfome, but alfo preferves ItheGun dry. The Soldiers when they march are led by an lOfficer, who is I >eader of the File ; and every File Icon fills of 10 Men : but as I have been informed [by one who has feen them march, they don't keep [their Ranks in marching. The Soldiers are moit of them lufty ftrong well-made Men: for 'tis that chiefly recommends them to the King's Service. iThey niuft alfo have good Stomachs, for that is a [greater recommendation than the former ; neither can any Man be cntertain'd as a Soldier, that has Inot a greater itroke than ordinary at eating : for [by this ihcy judge of his Strength and Conltitution. [For which Realon, wl^n a Soldier comes to be lift: ed, his Stomach is firfl: proved with Rice, the com- [mon Subfillcnce of the ordinary People in this King- j(!om : and according as he acquits himfelf in this jfirftTryal of his Manhood, fo he is either ^ifcharg- Inl or entertained in the Service. 'Tis reported, that lar thefe Tryals they commonly eat 8 or 9 Cups of iKice, each containing a pint, and they are ever af- Iterwards efteemed and advanced, according to the rirft Day's Service : and the gre.itcft eaters are chiefiy employed as Guards to the King, and commonly attend on his Perfon. Hie Province of Ngean breeds K'.e luflicft Men, and the bcft eaters ; for that rea- jion thole of that Province are generally imployed -5 Soldiers. After 30 Years Service a .Soldier m.iy |i cution to be difl:)anded \ and then the Village where F 4 he f il r* M if ! "':;■!' ^^H \i: \ ■ \ tfi 72 The Exercifes of the Soldiery, 'An. 688. he was born mufl fend another Man to ferve in ru ^y^V^ room. T\x\ Horfrmen are but few, and armed with Bows, and long Spears or I ancesjike the Tl/ocrj and I "Tiirh. Both thefe and the Foot Soldiers are very' dexterous in ufing their Weapons, and flioot veryi well either witli Gun or Bow •, for they are often ex-l ercifed by fhooting at Marks. The King orders a /hooting Match once a Year, and rewards thebeftl Marks-man with a fine Coat, or about 1000 G/,| ns 'tis called, which is a Summ about the value of| ;i Dollar. The Mark is a white earthen Cup, pla- ced ajijainO: a Bank. The diftance they (land to fird At it is about 80 Yards. He who breaks the firft Cup has the fincfV Coat •, for there arc others alio of Icfs worth and finery for the reft, that have thcl good Fortune to break the other Cups, or Cajh inl 1k:u of them. This is all at the King's Charge, who! incourages this exercife very much, as a means tol n^ike tlicm good Marks-men •, and they gencrallyl ])rove fuch. They will load and fire the quickeftl of any People. They draw the Kammer at on!] Motion, and pouring down tlie Powcer and Bull'r, they ram all down at one Motion more. Then ihfyl withdraw the Rr.mrner, and put it into its place at i] Motions more. All the 4 Motions are performed very dcxreroufly and quick : and when they flioouri •A Mark, they level, and fire at firfl. Sight, yet vcry| fuccefsfully. Though the King of Tonquin has no Forts, ycthd keeps always a great many Soldiers on »'he rrontictj Towns ot his Kmgdom •, efpecially on the S. ^Vj p;irt thereof, to check the Cochinchuiefc^ his imphj cable f^ncmics : and though there feldom happens pitch'd Battle betwctp them, yet there are often Skirmifiiings, which ke:^p the Soldiers on each Ticid upon their Gu^'.rds ; and fometime there are confij dcrat'c .K^tcurfions made by one or other Party' il •! .'I t ■ Long Guns jor the Field, 7j itheEncmicsTcrritorics, where they kill, fpoil, and>*». i68S- tng away what Booty they can find. I'hc King njfo ^^^"VXi , always about 30000 near his Perfon, and quar- [r'd in or about Cachao, ready on all Occafions. Jhedry Seafon is the time for his Armies to take fe Field, or go againlt an Enemy : for in thefc Duntries there is no marching in the Wet Seafon. ^'hen he fends an Army by Land on any Expcdici- thc General, and other great Officers are. Iiountcd on I-Mcphants. Thefe have neat lirtle oarded Houfes or Caftles faflncd on their hacks, [here the great Men fit in State, fccur'd from the tjn or Rain. They have no Field-pieces in their- irmies, but inftead thereof they carry on Mens |icks Guns that will carry a four ounce Shot. The arrels of thefe Gims are about 6 or 7 foot long : lut thcuph one I/Ian carries one of them on his pck, yet he cannot hold it out to fire, like fmall jns, but reds it on irs Carriage, which is another fan's Burden, and they two manage it between hem. The Carriage is only a round piece of Jood^ about 4 Inches thick, and 6 or 7 foot long. )ne end of the Carriage is fupported with two [.fg% or a Fork of tliree Foot high, the other tils on the Ground. The Gun is placed on the top, there there is an Iron Socket for the Gun to reft in, jnJ a Swivel to turn the Muzzel any way. From ihe Britch of the Gun there is a fhurt ftoi.k for the Man who fires the Gun to traverfe ic withal, and to pit againft his Shouk'er. The ufe of theie Guns to clear a Pafs, or 10 fire over the Rivers, when k Lnemy is fo commodioufly placed, that there . » b other way to move him ■, and ihey arc carry'd ly thefe two Men almoft with as much cafe as Muf- ierq. In thefe Tand-FxpeditJons they carry but Me Baggage, befides th.cir neceffary Arms, Am- nunition, and Provender : fo that if tlicy arc fo'jLed they lightly fcamper away v and generally in ' !l. ri- .1, V 1 1 •■J 74- Frontier Guards. Naval Force. 1 til ^. ^i». 1688. in thrfe Countries the Difpute is foon over, foj ^y>r\^ they will not long fuftain a fmart Onfct. Befides the Soldiers on the Frontiers, and thohj who attend the King about Cacbao^ he has manjl ot;hcrs that keep Guards in fevcral parts of his King. dom, efpecially in the great Roads, and on the Hi- vers. Thcfe fearch all exported Goods, to fee thatl no prohibited Goods are lent out of th^i King-lomJ efpecially Arms : and no prohibited Go^.ds broughil in. They alfo look after the Cuftoms, and fee ihaij all Goods have paid, before they may pafs furtherJ All Travelleri> ^re alfo fearchM by them, and flria.| ly examined ; and if any Pcrlons arc taken only Sufpicion, they are ufed very fevercly, till they canl clear themfelves : fo that no difaffedcd or rJ bcllious Perfon can llir, without being preffntiji known -, and this renders the King very fafc in liisl Government. The King's Naval-force confifts only in a fort of] flat-bottom Gallics, and ihefe feemingly defi^nel more for State than Service, except to rraniporij Soldiers from one Place to another. Thefe Vcffcisf are 50, 60, or 70 foot long, and about 10 or foot broad in the wafle -, and the 2 ends near d many foot high out of the Water, efpecially tr,:| hinder part or Stern : but the wafte or middle ol ti; Vcdel is not above 2 foot and an half from tin: ^Vi ter, that being the place, by v/hich all the Men <^i in and out, from thence towards each end, it gently and very artificially raifed to a confideiab';!l heighth, fo that the whole Fabrick appear:, vcryj graceful and pleafant, as it moves on the Water! The Head or forepart is not altogether fo higl\ 'I the Stern, neither is there fo much cofl beftovvecloj it for Ornament : for though it wants neither carv'ui work or painting, yet 'tis not conifnirable to t.uil of the Stern, which has great variety of carvmgJ and is curioufly lacker'd and gilded. The Pi' V.;; W^TonquIncfc Shipping and Rowers. j$ yhcrc the Captain fits in is the Stern, and is neatly ^n, i68f. lovered to keep off the Sun or the Rain, and it be- ^"^^Wl [ig higher than any other part of the Vcflel, ap- )(ars like a little Throne, efpccially that of the Jenerars Galley, This is more magnificent than [he reft, tho* all are built much of one form. From Ihc Stern to the wade, it is covered over with a light covering, to flicker the Men and their Arms from the Rain in the wet Seafon, and the fcorching 5un in the dry. Before the wafte there arc places for the Oars on each fide, and a plain even Deck for the Rowers to Hand by their Tackling. Each Galley carries a fmail Brafs Gun, either Minion or Saker, which is planted afore, and looks out through Fort in the Bow, They have a fmail Mall and yiatt Sail, and they are rowed with from i6 or 20 to 24 Oars. The Soldiers are always the Men that row, ^nd jthcy are all naked, except that they have a i ir;nw piece of black Cloath like a Safh about their Waftes, vhich is brought between their Thighs, and tuckt jain under their Wafte. Every one ftands upright ehind his Oar, which lies in its notch on the Gun- bl, and he thrufts or puflies it forward with a great srrcngth ; and they plunge their Oars all at one |in(tant into the Water, keeping exadt Time with ich other : and that they may the better do this, [there is one that ftrikes on a fmail Gong, or a [wooden Inftrument, before every ftroke of the lOar. Then the Rowers all at once anfwer with a [fort of a hollow noife, through the 1 hroat, and a jllamp on the Deck with one Foot, and immediate- lly plunge their Oars into the Water. Thus the Gong and the Rowers alternately anfwer each other, making a found that feems very pleafant and war- like to thofe who are at a fmail diftancc on the Water or Shoar. ( '■ h :{, Thcfe 1 i 1 I' f j€' The Armament for the G allies. An. 1688. Thefc Boats draw about 2 foot and a half Water, ^^^V>JThey are only ferviceable in Rivers, or at Sea near I the Shoar, and that in very fair Weather too. They are beft in the broad Rivers near the Sea, where they may take the Advantage of the Tide:, to help them : for though they row pretty fwift when they are light, yet when they have 60, 80, or 100 Men on a Board, as fometimcs they have, they are| heavy and row flowly againft the Stream. Never- rhclefs when there is occafion they muft go againfl the Stream a great way, tho* they perform it \vi:!ii great labour. The Soldiers in thefe Veflcis are equipt with I Bows, Swords, and Lances, and when many of them are fent on any Expedition, they are divided into Squadrons. They are diftinguifhed by thei: feveral Flags of different Colours \ as appeared by an Expedition they made up the River, againit fome of their Northern Neighbours, while we were! there. There were then about 60 of thefe Galleysl fent out up the River •, and they had from 16 to io Soldiers in each, all well armed. Their General wad called Ungee Comei, who was a great Mandarin^ and was the Perfon appointed by the King to infpo^l: in- to our Englijh Traffick •, being made Diredor or! Protector of the Englijh Factory, who uf^d to fpe:k of him as a generous Man. There were two more| great Officers under him, each in a VelTel by him- ftlf. Thefe three had Flags of DiflindVion : tnel firft was yellow, the fecond blue, the third red or green. They went away from Cacbao towards the Mountains, but did not return while wc wer' there : but rinw;e we came from thence, I havel been informed that the Expedition prov'd fruidefu and that the General Ungee Comei v/as much fl'l graced. m Whn .V 11 !ir iratch and Ward kept by the Soldiers, 77 When the Galleys are not in Service, they are-<'^>^- Jragged alliorc, and placed in Houfes built for bi purpofe i where they are fct Ujpright on their bottoms, made vtry clean, and kept neat y tlry. Thefe Galley -Houfes are 50 or 60 pa- ts from the River fide > and when they bring the Jilleys into them, there is a flrong Rope brought round the ftern of the VeflTel, and both ends latched along, one on each fide : then 3 or 400 Itn ftanding ready with the Rope In their Hands, Irak for the fignal •, which being given by the eat of a Gonu,, they begin to draw with all their lirength •, and making a great fhrieking noife, ky run her up in a trice into her place. This llfo is their Soldiers work, who having thus loufed all their Galleys,^ Ktuni to their Land- ervice. Some of the Soldiers are employed alfo in keep- ng Watch and Ward, for the Security of private l^len, as well as in the King's Bufinefs : and the tan/iuiriefe arc oK'erN 1 to keep good orders in the fight in all Towns and Villages : but more parti- jlady in the great Cities, and efpecially at Cachao, There every Street is guarded with a flrong Watch, well to keep Silence, as to hinder any diforder. The Watch-men are armed with Staves, and ftand the Street by the Watch-Houfes, to examine e- [ery one that paflcth by. There is alfo a Rope pu hcd crois the Street Breaft hig!., and no Man nay pafs this place till he is examined, unlefs he S^ill venture to be foundly bang'd by the Watch. thefe Men can handle their Weapons fo well, that theydefign Mifchief, they will dextroufly break Leg or Thigh-bone, that being the place which sy commonly llrike at. There is a pair of Stocks fy every Watch-Houfe, to Iccure Night Ramblers but for a fmall piece of Money a Man may fals quiet enough, and for the moft part only the poor ^ I' \\ % ! 1 « bf If r 'W, i 'I (If as ?• 'Juftice corrupt, yet fometimes pleafant, A: t688.poor are taken up. Thefc Watch- men are Soldier '"'"*^ but belong to t!ie Gove incur or fome other Mi of great Power, wlio will hear no Complaints again them, though never fo juO"ly made : and thcrefon they often put Men in the Sioci^: at their plealurt, and in the Morning carry them before a Magiflrat: who commonly fines the Priloners to pay fomcwhi; and be it more or Icfs, it fills part to the Magi Urate. Neither dares any Man complain of Injui tice upon fuch ufage, in this cafe cfpecially •, thoug! his Caufe be never fo juft : and therefore Patience i in this Country as neceflary for poor People, any part of the World. But notwithftanding thefe Abuft-s, they have od Cuftom in the adminiftring Juflicc that is pleaflni enough. For if a dfference or quarrel at any Tb happens between two mean Men, and they are no to be reconciled without going before a Ma[ *^rate he ufually confidering their Poverty, lays no heav Muld on the Offender, but enjoins him this as h Penalty, that he fhall treat the injured Perfon v/ith Jarr of Arack and a Fowl, or a fmall Porker, tb fo feafting together, they may both drown all A nimofity in good Liquor, and renew their Friend fhip. But if it be a Controverfy about a Debt, they taki a very different Method. For the Debtors are man] times order'd to be Prifoners in their Creditor's Ho: fes, where they are beaten, or kept with a Log oi Wood made faft to their Legs, to hinder theni fro running away. Thefe poor Prifoners eat nothing bui Rice, and drink Water, and are tyrannically infulted over by their rigid Creditors, till the Debt is fatisfied Their Corporal Punifhments upon Malefadlors, an^ fometimes upon others are very fevere. Some ar ioaden with Iron Chains faflened to their Legs, wit Logs alfo like the Debtors but now mentioned. ihers have their Necks inclofed between two gr" heavfl ') w ill }'■ ■'^ratcj lis as h'ls )n v/ithi ker, tkJ all AJ Friend] hey tak ire manj'l •'sHoj Logo] em tron hing boj infuke' fatisfied ors, ana ome ar^ 5s, witll ned. Oj area heav) Tunifhmcnt for Criminals. 79 licivy Plinhs m.idc like a Pillory, but moveable, ^'»- *^*^' 3r they carry it about with them where-evcr they ^•^'^^^'^^ j-o, and even when they go to reft they are forced folye down and fleep in it as they can. There is another fort of punifhing Inftrumcnt noc unlike this, called a Gofigo, This alfo is made to vear about the Neck, but is (liapcd like a Ladder. :he fides of it are 2 large Bamboes, of about 10 Br 12 f^ot long, with feveral fuch rounds or fticka 15 Ladders have to keep the fides alunder •, but lufh fhorter : for the 2 fide Bamboes arc no far- ther afunder, than to admit of a narrow Room for ihc Neck •, and the 2 rounds in the middle are much It the fame diftance from each other, on each fide ^heNeck, forming a little Square : through which ^hcMan looks as if he were carrying a Ladder on his Shoulders, wich his Head through the rounds. If ;ither of thefe Yokes were to be taken off in aihort ^ime, as in 6, 9, or 12 Hours, it would be nogreac latter : but to wear one of them a Month, 2, 3, Dr longer, as I have been informed they fometimes io, fccms to be a very fevere Punifhmenr. Yet *tis Jfome Comfort to fome, that they have the Liberty jto walk abroad where they will : but others are [both yoak'd and imprifon*d : and the Prifoners in [publick Prifons are ufed worfe than a Man would lufc a Dog, they being half ftarved, and foundly Deaten to boot. They have a particular Punifhment for fuch as lare fufpefled to fire Houfes, or who are thought to Ihave occafioned the Fire through their negledt. The iMafter of the Houfe, where the Fire firft breaks out, luill hardly clear himfelf from Sufpicion, and theSc- Iverity of the Law. The Punilhment in this Cafe is ho fit in a Chair of 12 or 14 foot high, bare-headed 3 whole Days fucceffively in the hot icorching Sun i this Chair is fet, for his greater difgracc, before thft [place where his Haufe itood. Other |!( I m f. , ^\ \ ' ■\^i I -.ji vi- \ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) fe J^.^A *iL /^.^ 1.0 1.1 1.25 |S0 ^^* ■■■ ^ ^ 121 u lii ^ ll£ 12.0 U 116 I ^. ^ 7 '/ /A Photographic Sdaices Corporation ^ ■6^ O ^ ^ ^^^ 23 WIST MAIN STMfT WnSTiR.N.Y. M5M (716)I73-4S03 '^ 80 Tunijhments Jor fever al Crimes, I i' .An.\6%%. Other fmaller Crimes are punifhed with Blows J ^"^'V^^ which we call Bambooing. The Criminal is laidl flat on his Belly on the Ground, with his Breechcjl pluciit down over his Hams ; in which Pofturc J Jufty Fellow bangs his bare Breech with a fplit BamJ bo, about 4 Fingers broad, and 5 foot long. ThJ number of his Blows are more or lefs, according tol the nature of the Crime, or the pleafure of the MaJ giftrate i yet Money will buy Favour of the Exccul tioner, who knows how to moderate his Strokes fori a Fee before-hand. Otherwife his Blows ufually fall fo| heavy, that the poor Offender may be lamed aMonih or two. After a Man has fuffered any of thefe Pu- c nilhmenrs, he can never obtain any publick Favcurj or Employment. They have no Courts of Judicature, but any fin- gle Magiftrate iflues out his Warrants for the ap- prehending of Malefactors, and upon taking theral immediately tries them : and as the Sentence is final,! and without appeal, fo 'tis no fooner pad, but 'djl executed alfo without more ado. Their PunifhmentI in capital Crimes is ufually beheading. The Crimi- nal is carried immediately from the Maglftrate'jl Houfe to his own : for there is no common place ofl Execution, but the Malefactor fuffers near his ownl Houfe, or where the Fadt was committed. There he is placed fitting on the Ground, with his Body] upright, and his Legs ftretched out : and the Exe- cutioner being provided with a large Curtane ori Back-Sword, and flriking a full back Blow on thel Neck, at one ftroke he fevers the Head from thel Body i the Head commonlv tumbling down into the Owner's Lap, and the Trunt falling backward on thej Ground. 'Theft is not thought worthy of Death, but isl punilhed with cutting off fome Member, or partj of a Member, according to the degree of the Of- fence. For fometimes only one Joint of a Fingerl '\\ 't The Eunuch Mandarins at Tonquin. Si chopt off, for other Crimes a whole Finger, or ^». 1688. nore, and for fome the whole Hand. The Magiftrates and other great Men of this lin^dom are called Mandarin^. Melt of them in )f)ice about the King arc Hunuchs, and not only Ided, but alfo their Members cut off quite at to their Bellies. Thefe, as I have been inform- J, are all very learned Men after their way, efpe- illy in the Laws of the Country. They rife gra- iially by their Merit or Favour, from one Degree another, as well they who are employed in Civil in Military A flairs : And fcarce Place of Truft Profit goes befide them. No Man is permitted walk familiarly about the King*s Palace withouc le Leave of the Eunuch Mandarins ; and for this cafon having fuch free Accefs to the King them- |ives, and excluding whom they will, they engrofs Favour. This is taken fo much to Heart by le, that through Envy and Difcontent, they of- pine away, as is commonly faid, even to Death : nd I heard of luch an one, who was called Ungef ^un Ding : Unguee feems a Title of Honour a- ong them. He was a Man of great Learning in Laws, extremely Politick, and mighty high lirited. This Man fought all the means imagina- 10 be preferred, but could not for want of being j Eunuch. He fretted to fee his Inferiours raifed : |t plainly feeing that there was no riling without noving that Objedion, he one Day in a Rage ok up a (harp Knife, andqualify'd himfelf effeftu- He had a Wife and 6 or 8 Children, who [re all in great Fear of his Life : but he was not all difmayed, tho* in that Condition; and the ng advanced him. He was living when I was jfre, andiwas a great Mandarin. He had the care the Armory and Artillery, being great Mafter [the King's Ordnance. G There ' v,-i- F »h *•] !. I' .Uli' 9t ) W f 9i VoUmtary Cajlrating thro Ambit m. An. 1688. There was another Mandarin alfo, one Unit\ ^^'V^ J lane, who finding himfelf baffled by the Eunuchsj was forced to make himfelf one to be upon ih; level v/ith them. This Gentleman, it feems, wa l,ord of a Village or two, where both he his Tenants were often plagued with t-he domineer] ing Eunuchs, and having born their Malice iol fome time, and feeing no end of it, he agrccJ with an expert Gelder to caftratc him : For her] are many in this Country, who profefs this ArtI and are fo expert at it, that they will undertak) to cut a Man of any Age, for fo many thoufan Caih as the Man is Years old. *Tis reported, ih^ they firft put the Patient into a Sleep : But hoi^ long they arc curing him after the Operation isi ver, I know not. I heard of but three Manmi of any grandeur in the Government, who were no Eunuchs. One was the Governour of the h Province, whofe Daughter was married to a Prina of the Royal Family. The other two, who weii Governours of Cachao, were alfo married MeJ and had Children, and one of thefc married [hi King*5 Daughter. All the Mandarins rule with ablcj lute Power and Authority in their feveral Precincb yet in great Obedience to the King ; who is as abl«| lute over them, as they are over the comma People. Tnefe Eunuch Mandarins efpecially live in gr State. Many of thefe have command of the diery, and have Guards attending them at tli own Houfcs : There being a certain number of " diers allowed to attend on each Mandarin^ accon ing to his Quality. They are generally covetoj beyond meafure, and very malicious. Some them arc Governours of Provinces, but all railed to Places of truft and profit. Once every Year the Mandarins receive an of Allegiance to the King, from all the princip Oiiicd ker, and 'tis ';) agree : in grc the at tti brof , accc covctol Some t all anO^ princip OiRcfl T'riah by bitter Water in Guinea. 8j )ificcrs under them. This is done with great ^»' i688. [;ercmony : they cut the Throat of a Hen, and let the Blood tall into a Bafon of Arack. Of this irack every Man has a fmall draught given him to drink, after he has pubiickly declared his fincerity U readincfs to ferve his Prince. *Tis cfteemed the folemncft tye by which any Man can ingage himfelf. This way of giving folemn potions to drink, is ufed Jib in other Countries, on difi^erent occafions. As articularly on the Gold Coaji of Guinea -, where ffhcn Men or Women are taxed for a Crime, be |t of what Nature it will, but efpccially Adultery, nd the matter cannot be proved by Evidence, |he Fetijfero or Prieft decides the difference, by Jiving a potion of bitter "Water to the Perfon ac- fufed : which if they refufc to take, they are fup- bofed to be guilty without farther proof: but if hey drink it otf, the event is faid to be, that if the Perfons be guilty, this Water immediately fwells heir bodies till they burft ; but if innocent, they re not hurt thereby. What tricks the Fetijfero's uj play in compounding this Water, I know not : but this kind of Tryal is frequent among them, and cems to be a remainder of the old Jewi/h Tryal h the Waters of jealoufy, fpoken of in the 5th ihapter of 'Numbers. I am not fufficiently informed »fbether the Event of the Tryal be fuch as it was long the Jews ; but it feems they have a ftrong jerfwafion of it : and a guilty Perfon does ordinarily dread the being brought to this Trial, that for lie moft part he or Ihe choofe rather to fuffer the bunilhment of rhe Coiintry, which is to be fold to Europeans as Slaves. This potion is called Bitter- [^ater, and 'tis given by way of Trial upon any jht fufpicion even of a fmall injury. This account [have had from fever al who have been in Guinea^ [ut efpecially from Mr. Canh'j But to return to the Eunuch Mandarins^ tho* they [re bitter Enemies to thofe whom they take G 2 averfion i}i 1 n ■ ^*;f' i.i^J % ^'1 : l| l ' I' K^ ". J f r' i ' 1' 1 1- 1 i 'i' !i \ ■■ li ' ■'■ ii ji ^w ■ ■!■■ 'f- i ( ■1 < j 1 11 ^4 Chopfticks to eat with in Tonquin and China. Jn i688 averfion againft, yet on the other Hand, they arj as kind to their Favourites, and as complacent J their Vificancs, whether Foreigners or otheni fealling chciti often. I'hey Jove mi^iitily to vifitcd , cllecming themlclves highly honoi" thereby. When they treat any, they are hd pleafed with thole who eac and drink heartily] tor this tiiey fuppofe proceeds from their Lovj and hearty Aliedlion to them : And indeed the 7iJ quinctT) m general -are very free to their VifitantsT treating them with the bell Cheer they are ablet^ procure. In their Entertainments, and at their ordinarJ Eating, initead of Forks and Spoons, they ufe twj fmall round Sticks about the Length and Bignefsi a Tobacco Pipe. They hold them both in th right Hand, one between the Fore-Finger ana Thumb i the other between the Middle-Finger anij tlie Fore-Finger, as our Boys do their Snapper They ufe them /cry dextroufly , taking up tlJ fmalleft Grain of Rice with them i nor is it accounti ed mannerly to touch the Food after it is drcllj with their Hands: And tho* it be difficult for Stranl gers to ufe them, being unaccu(lom*d to them, ya a little ufe will overcome that Difficulty i and Peij fons that refide here ought to learn this, as wel| as other Cuftoms of the Country, that are inno cent, that fo their Company may be more accepij able. All the Tonquinejes keep many of thefe Stic in their Houfes, as well for their own ufe, astj entertain Strangers at Meals : They are as ordin rily placed at the Table here, as Knives, Forks| and Spoons are in England: And a Man that canno dextroufly handle thefe Inftruments, makes but odd Figure at their Tables. The richer Sort People, efpecially the Mandarins, have them ip with Silver. In China alfo thefe things are con ftantly ufed : tliey are called by the Englifi Seij nifl funt'onnefs & bafenefs of ihe Eun. Mandarins. S 5 imChopHirb, When the Eunuch Mandarins dye,^». 1688- I their Riches fall to the King, who as Heir pre- ntly fcizeth on tlieir Eftates, and by it gets vaft ichcs : For there is but little Money in the King- ,)m, but what falls into tlie Clutches of thefe !irds of Prey. This probably may be one Reafon hy the King is for preferring none but them i for hey are excellent Spunges for him : and whatever bme have faid of their Love io JufVice, I could lever learn that they defcrve that Charader: But hroiigh their OpprefTion, and injurious Dealings, ading is difcouragcd, and the Country is kept 'nor, which otherwife might be a flourifhing King- om. After all, as very Eunuchs as thefe Afau- hrins are, yet they are as great Admirers of the >male Sex as any Men, and not fatisficd without hem, but they all keep feveral handfome young iVenches to dally and fpend their time withal. hey alfo love to be courted by Strangers to favour hem with a Mifs of their procuring. Nothing iil engage them more than to petition them on his account ; and the Perfon thus foUicited will ot fail to procure a young Damfel for his Friend, 'be it but for a Night or two, or for 4 or 5 Months. lEver afterwards lie will rake a more than ordinary "are of the Perfons he has thus brought together, nd their Affairs ; and this bafe fort of Office is lliere accounted very decent and honourable. Yec the common Baudy-houfes, tho' extreamly rife here, are by all of them acgounced hateful and fcanda- |!ous. vl^^xU :k :3. -4 CHAP. ■■i i ^ S6 ' ■!' Rice become dear at Cachao. CHAP. V. Some Feffels ftnt from Cachao to Tcnan t\ fetch Rice A Rencounter with fome fm pos'd Robbers. Cafh, a Jort of Coin^ arl 'Pearl- Oyffers. The Authors fecondjourm up / very honed Perfons, and Mr. Ltit'M was accufed for committing a Riot on Men vIiJ were about their lawful Occafions. Mr, Ludfori brought many of the Natives, that were in hil Company, to juftify what he had done, but ta no Purpofe •, for he was fined 100000 Ca/hy asouil Merchants call it, for the Man that was killedl Cajh are a fmall kind of Copper-Money : and 'tist'J only Coin they have of their own, if it be the own, and not rather brought them from Cfe They rife and fall in value according to the Wacij or Plenty of them, or as the Women-exchangerj can manage them : But at this Time they were: TearlOyfiers, and ? earls, «9 ticR.itc of .1 Dnlhir a thoufand •, I'o that his Fine if*. ifiBa- ^13 100 Dollars. When Mr. Liulfoni law how^-OTSi ifd ic vv.ii> like to go with him, he thought to tiear hiniiclf, or lefiVn his fine, by bringing Cap- lin IVcluin into the Snare i iaying that he had no }jns in his Bark, but made ulc of Captain //'(fA/'JwVs, InJ di.it Captain Wcic\on\ Pilot was aboard his VcT- and arfilted in the Action. But neither did his help him : for upon trying the matter at CndhWj ihitlicr 'twas carried by Appeal, Captain ff^eUon^s LommilHon faved him : lb ihat Mr. Ludjoni was |orccci to pay the Money, which was more than he got by the Voyage. This might be a warning to him, how he meddled with Tonquin Pirates again ; lor it was not enough for him to plead that they time with an Intent to rob him. Indeed if he had been robb'd, he might have been pitied by the Ma- jillraies on Complaint of his Misfortune : But yet is very probable, that if he fhould have taken lihcm in the very Fa(5l, pofieft of his Goods, thofc Vermin would have had one Hole or another to trecp out at i fo corrupt are the great Men of this dngdom. And indeed *tis not improbable that tlicfc Fellows were FiiTiermen, and going about Itheir Bufinefs : For theie is good Fifhing in all the Bay of Toriquin clear round it, and there are many Boats that go out a Fifhing, and the Fifhermcn are generally very honefb and harmlefs Menj except now and then, they attempt to make a Prize of fome poor VelTel they meet, and can overcome by their ^ambers without Fighting -, for fuch an one they )ard, and ttrip all the Men naked even to there Skin. Among thefe Iflands alfo, by report, their rj Plenty of Pearl Oyiters, that have good PearU Jin them ; but the Seamen are difcouraged from filh- jing for them by the King, for he feizeth on all he Ifinds. But this by the way -, nor was any thing elfe )bfervable in this Voyage to 'Temfi. Thefe I I''' M i's • I •!l- I f." 'r, ' r 90 The Author's fecond Journey up to Cachio. ;-*». i688- Thcfc VffTcIs were 5 or 6 weeks in their Voyag ^OT^ to and from l.'enan : And at their return Captad Weldon^% Bark went not up to Cftcfnao v/ith tiu* Hx] but unladed it into our Ship to fupply us. %] after this I went a fecond time up to Carba\ ^ in a Boat as before, but on Foot along the Co-: try, being dcfirous to fee as miK h of it as I coulj and I hired a Tonquinefc for about a Dollar tob?i Guide. This, tho* but a fmall matter, was a j^nj deal out of my Pocket, who had not above 2 Doll- in all, which 1 had gotten on lioard, by tcachii fome of our young Seamen Plain Sailing. This was all I had to bear my own charges an my Guides •, and *twas the worfe with me, beau| I was forced to make fhort Journeys every Di by Rcafon of my Weakncfs : It was about t!^ latter end of Nov. 1688, when wc fet out. W kept on the Eaft-fide of the River, where found the Roads pretty dry, yet in fome plac^ dirty enough. We ferry'd over feveral Creek and Brooks running into the great River, whcil are Ferry-Boats always plying, which have few Cafti for their Fare. The Fever and Agu which I brought with me fro m Achin was gonej yet the Fruits I eat here, efpecially the Imi Oranges, brought me into a Flux. However thd I was but weak, yet I was not difcouraged froJ this Journey, being weary of lying ftill, and impJ tient of feeing fomewhat that might further gr tify my curiofity. We found no Houfes of Entertainment on t!i Road, yet at every Village we came we got Houf^ room, and a Barbecue of fplit Bambocs to Oc on. The People were very civil, lending us earthen Pot to drefs Rice, or any thing ellil Ufually after Supper, if the Day was not Ihutin, took a ramble about the Village, to fee what wi worth taking notice of, efpecially the Fagok better acc( Funeral Tower and Feaft, 91 place. Thcfe had the Image of el:! * an An 1988.' orlc, an Elephant, or both, itanding v ith the y^Y'>J ad looking out of the Doors: The Paoodas tmfclves were but fmall and low. I ftiJl made it jk Night before 1 returned to my Lodging, and w I laid me down to flecp. My Guide carried fcSea-Gown, which was my covering in the nigiir, il my Pillow was a Log ot Wood : But I Ocpc ry well, tho* tlie weaknefs of my Body did now quire better accommodation. [The third day after my fctting out, about 3 a jock in the afternoon, I faw before me a fmall lower j fuch as I mentioned before, as eretitcd for |lime in honour of fome great Pcrfon deceafed. lit I knew not then the meaning of it, for I not feen the like before in the Country. As |came nearer to ir, I faw a Multitude of People, oft of them Men and Boys ; and coming nearer II, I faw a great deal of Meat on the Stalls, that \rt plac*d at a fmall dillance from the Towen his made me conclude that it was fome great |irket, and that the Flelh I faw was for fale : hcrcfore I went in among the Croud, as well to the Tower as to buy fome of the Meat for Supper, it being now between 4 and 5 a Clock the Afternoon. My Guide could not fpeak !», neither could I fpeak the Tonquinefe Lan- age : So I askt him no quefVions about it •, and he went readily in with me ; it may be not [lowing my intent Was to buy. Firft I went round Tower and viewed it : It was four-fquare, each about 8 foot broad : at the Ground the heighth it was about 26 foot, but at the top fomcwhat [nower than at the bottom. I faw no door to pr into it : it feemed to be very (lightly built, tleafl: covered with thin boards, which were all yned clofe together, and painted of a dark red - colour. I then went on to the Stalls, which had r ' • '■I 92 The A. In danger of the Tonquincfc Mah, \dn. 1688. had Sheds built over them : And there I viewed i, *'^^'^^ Fruits and Flerti, each of which was ranged n order apart. I paft by Abundance of Orans packt up in Balkets, which ! think were th faireft I ever faw, and for Quantity more thani had feen gathered all the Time I was at TowjajJ I paft by thefe, and feeing no other Fruit, I cam to the Flelh-Stalls, where was nothing but Pork and this alfo was all cut into Quarters and SidJ of Pork : I thought there might be fifty or fixrj Hogs cut up thus, and all feemed to be very goo Meat. When I faw that there was none of it fmall pieces, fit for my ule, I, as was cuftomary J the Markets, took hold of a Quarter, and mad Signs to the Mafter of it, as I thought, to cuti a Piece of two or three Pound. I was ignorant any Ceremony they were about, but the fuperiliil ous People foon made me fenfible of my Hrrourf For they afTaulted me on all Sides, buffeting and renting my Cloaths, and one of them fnatchej away my Hat. My Guide did all he could appeafe them, and dragg'd me out of the Crowdl Y^ fome furly Fellows followed us, and feemif by their Countenance and Geftures to threatej me ; but my Guide at laft pacify *d them an fetched my Hat, and we marched away as faft we could. I could not be informed of my Guid what this meant •, but fometime after, when Iwj return*d to our Ship, the Guide's Brother, wl^ fpoke Englijh^ told me, it was a Funeral Feaft, that the Tower vas the Tdmb which was to burned*, and fc t Englijh Men who lived thej told me the fa ne. This was the only Faneri Feaft that ever I was at among them, and thj gave me caufe to remember it : but this was i| worft Ufage I received from any of them all t| time that I was in the Country. When I was of of this trouble, my Guide and I marched ii wari The Author's arrival again at Hcan. 9^ ards. I was both weary and hungry, and I^». 1688. [ink my appetite was raifcd by feeing fo much vyvj ood : For indeed at firlt fight of it I concluded have had a good Supper ; but now I wrts hkely ifup only on Rice, or a Yam roafted, and two «, as I us'd to do. For tho* there were Fowls be bought at every Houfe where I lay, yet my locket would not reach them ; and for other Flefli, lere was none to be had, unlcfs my way had lin thro' the Town when it was Market-day with cm. Two Days after this I got with much ado to W for my Flux encrealed, and my ftrength fccreafcd. I prefently made towards the French ilhops, as the likelieft Place for me both to reft L and get larger Informations of the Country, (om the European MilTionaries, whole Seat it is. jlic Biihop's Palace is a pretty neat low Houfe, landing at the North-end of the Town, by the k ot the River. 'Tis encompafled with a pretty (gh Wall, and has a large (jatc to enter at. The bate flanils fronting to the Street, and runs up lith Moufes on both fides, and ends at the Palace. Within the Wall there is a fmall Yard, that goes |)und the Palace ; and at the farther End of the tard there are fmall lodging-rooms for the Ser- fnts, and other nccefiary Offices. The Houfe it [if is not very large nor high •, it (lands not in he middle of the Yard, but rather neareft the fate, which Gate is open all day, but Ihut in the Fight. That part that fronts the Gate, has a Iretty neat Room, which fcems to be defigncd for lie reception of Strangers : for it has no communi- fition with any other Room in the Houfe, tho* tyned to it as one building : the Door by which lou enter it, fronts to the Gate, and this Door alfo pds open all the day. When [to: .^ % I 'SJ, 1, 54. The French Bijhop's Houfe at Hcan.' ^». 1688. "When I came hither I entred the Gate, andfj ^'^'V^*' ing no Body in the Yard, I went into that Re . At the Door thereof, I found a fmall Line hangin down , which I pull'd j and a Bell ringing withil gave notice of my being there : yet no Body a] pcaring prefently, I went in and fate down. The was a Table in the middle of the Room, and hani fome Chairs, and fcveral European Pidurcs hun upon the Walls. It was not long before one of the Priefts can into the Room to me, and received mc very villy. With him I had a great deal of DifcourfJ He was a French Man by Nation, but fpokc SpaA and Portuguefe very well. It was chiefly in 5/flflJ that we entertained each other, which I undo flood much better than I could fpeak : yet I askj him Queflions, and made a fliift to anfwer himi f uch Queftions as he asked me ; and when I was a lofs in my Spanijh^ I had recourfe to Latin, havin ftill fome fmatterings of what I learnt of it School in my youth. He was very free to ta with me, and firft asked me my bufinefs thither? told him that my bufinefs was to Cachao^ where I had been once before -, that then I went by "Watej but now I was moved by my curiofity to travj by Land, and that I could not pafs by any Eiirom without a Vifit, efpecially fuch a famous place this. He asked me many other Queftions, an particularly if I was a Roman Catholick ? I toll him no •, but falling then into a Difcourfe about Rj ligion, he told me what Progrefs the Gofp was like to make in thefe Eaftern Nations. Fiii Jie began with the Nicobar Iflands, and told what I have related of that matter, in the 1 7 Cha|| tCT of my Fpyage round the fForld, page 177, forth was the Perfon I there quoted, and from whom had that Relation ; as he told me he had it from Fri^r, who wrote to him from Fort St, George. Bil th Jht AsT^ifcourfe with a T rcnch Mijionar/. f^ ^i Friar having been a Paflenger in Captain '''»«^^*>'^ 0n's Ship, from one of the Nicobar Iflands to '"V'*^ rl St. George, I askt the Captain's Opinion of thac iation fince my w ' jng that Book, and he gave a quite contrary account of the People ol A?- that they were a very perverfe, falfe and [ievifh People, and did not deferve the good irader the Friar gave of them. [But to proceed with the difcourfe I had with [( Ftench Priell at Hea>i. He told me, that in the Gofpel was in a very fair way to receive Icouragcment by the means of a French Bilhop lere, and feveral Ecclefiafticks he had with him [ere to afllft him : That the great Minifler of [are, Conjfarn falcon^ had embraced the Ro- k Fairh •, and that the King was very much Iclined to it, the Courtiers alfo feeming well igh pleafed with it. Infomuch that 'twas Dp'd that in a fhort Time the whole Nation Quld be converted : And that tho' the Country bple in general were againft it, yet by the ex- ople of the King and his Court, the reft might pme over by degrees i eipedally becaufe the Hefts had free Toleration to ufe their endeavours. ; for Tonquitt, he told me that the People in ge- ral were inchned to embrace the Chrifian Faith, lit that the Government, was wholly averfe to it : at the Miflionaries who Jived here did not open- profcfe to be Teachers of their Doftrine, buc at they Jived here under the notion of Mer- its, and not as Clergy-Men ; that this was a It OhP- x\t to Chriltianity, yet neverthelcfs ey found ways to draw the People from their Ig?- Drance : that at prefent they had about 14000 onverts, and more coming in daily. He told Je, that here were two Bifliops, I think both ttncb Men , one of them was entitled the Bifliop ' Afcalon^ the other of Auran ^ and that hete were ten : % ■WW K'i * I ' r * 1 i»i ,Si 96 State of the Miflions at Tonquin, cJr. :dn. 1688. ten Pricfts of Europe, and three more of the Native '^^'V^ of'Tonquiny who had been ordained Popifh PricftJ But fince I have been informed, tliat thefe Fnd Bifliops were not fuh'ered to live at Ccuhao \ ncitho may they at any time go thither without a Liccnci from the Govcrnour ; and fuch a Licence alii muft be procur*d by the Favour of fome Mankr, who lives at Cachao, for whom the Biihop or othj Miflionary is to perform fome trivial Work d other. For the MifTioners living here are purpofj ly (killed in mending Clocks, Watches, or lorn Mathematical Inftruments, of which the Countri People are ignorant ; and this gives ihem the op portunity of being often fent for to Cachao by th Mandarins : And when they are there, a fmalljo that would not require above 5 or 6 Hours to pcij form, they will be twice as many days abouj pretending great difficulty in the work -, by whic means they take their liberty privately to tead their Difciples that live there \ and then alfo thej enjoy themfelves with the E?!gli/h and Dutch Meij chants, to whom they are always welome. As to the Converts thefe People have made, have been credibly informed that they are chie3j of the very poor People, and that in the fcar^ times, their Alms of Rice have converted morj than their preaching : and as to thofe alfo wh have been converted, as they call it, that is Beads and new Images, and belief in the Pope, the have fallen off" again, as Rice grew plentiful, an would no longer be Chriftians than whUe th Priefts adminiftred Food to them. Yet I canno think but that thefe People, who have fuch Notiort of a fupreme Deity, might by the induftry an example of good Men, be brought to embrace th Chriftan Faith. But as things ftand at pr fent, it fcems very improbable that Chriftianiti fliould frudtify there : For as the Jinglijh anj mjlacks to Chriftianity among the Idolaters. 97 hub'xn thefe Parrs of the World are too loofe-^*- '^88 Livers to gain Reputation to their Religion, fo arc '■^'V'^- jie other tiirb'peam^ I mean the MifTionary Priefts, fpecially the Portuguefi, bint very blind Teachers. jut indeed as the Romanifts are the only Men who Dmpafs Sea and Land to gain Profelyres, fo they ay feem to have bne Advantage over Prof eft ant linifters in thefe Idolatrous Countries, that they efent them with furh kind of ObjedVs for Religi- [is Worfhip as they iiave been ufed to already : or the exchange is not great from Pagan Idols to Kges of Saints, which may ferve altogether as kli for the poor Souis they convert, who are guid- lonly by Senfe. But then even here alfo, thefe leople having been bred up in the Belief of the |nodnefs of their own Gods or Heroes, they will ore hardly be brought over to change theii* own 5ls for new ones, without fome better Argu- bts to prove thefe to be more valuable, rhart the lilfionaries ordinaraily are able to afford them : nd if I may freely fpeak my Opinion, I am apt i think, that the grofs Idolatry of the Papifts is Ither a Prejudice, than Advantage to their Mifli- s, and that there firft care fhould be to brin^ the Dple to be virtuous and confiderate , and 'their rt, to give them a plain Hiftory and Scheme of ! Fundamental Ti-uths of Chriftianity, and Ihew [m how agreeable they are to natural Light, and worthy of God. 8ut to return to the French Prieft ; he ac length |ed me if any of our EnglifJj Ships brought Po\^- to fell ? I told him, I thought not.. Then he led me if I knew the Composition of Powder ? [nfwercd that I had Receipts how to make either nnon or fine Powder, and told him the manner the Compofition. Said he, I have the fame ?eipts from France, and have tryed to make Iwder, but could not j and therefore I think the }oi. II. H faulc '%^ m I «. ,■'': I* ^« A i^ ni % ':.i ^ S ' ^H i M I< I ..< f* T^e As making 9} Gunpoynder. ^^'Jj^Vj^- fault is in our Coals. Then he afkcd me man^ ^r^f^^ Queftions about the Coals, what were proper to iifed, but that I could not fatisfic him in. He da fired me to try to make a Pound, and witlial toll me, that he had all the Ingredients, and an Engirl to mix them. I was eafily perfwaded to try m] Skill, wiiich I had never yet tried, not knowinj what I might be put to before I got to En<^im^ and having drank a Gkfs or two ofWine with hi; I went to work ; and it fucceeded fo well, that pleafed him extremely, and fatisfied my own fire of trying the Receipt, and the Reader ili have the Uiftory of the Operation, if he pleafe He brought me Sulphur and Salt-petre, and weighed a Portion of each of thcfe, and of Co I gathered up in the Hearth, and bent to Powd While iiis Man mixed thcfe in a little finginc, made a final 1 Sieve of Parchmt-nt, which I pridi full of Holes, with a fmall Iron made hot, and was to corn it. I Jiad two large Coco-nuts to r in the SicvCj and work it thro' the Holes to corn When it was dry we proved it, and it anfwer'd Expeftation. The Receipt I had out; of.Capt bturinef ^ yMU^a-zxYi Q\ hxx^^ \ , -., . . -rThf being fo fuccefsful in this put me afterw on the renewing of t*owder at Bencouli^ wh I was there Gunner of . that Fort. There beii then about 30 Barrels damnified, which was mud, they took it out of the Calk, and put it in fJarthern- Jars, that held about 8 Barrels a piu XIie(e • they call Monlahan Jars, from a Townl that name in p£^Uy whence they are brought carried vJ^ll over hdia. In thefe 'twas intended fend the Powder to f^ort Si. George^ to be renev ^her^,: But I dcfired the Governour to let firft; try my (kill on it, becaufe we had \itl\tr Powder . in the For:, and might wanted belbre any returns could n ' ' I <."■» ^ , be expet ird The As departure from Hcan. 99 ^om thence. The Salt-petre was funk to the ^". i689: Dttom of the Jars, but I mixc it and beat it al- '-Or^^ jechtT, and corned it with Sieves which 1 made my own old Parchment Draughts. I madr .us 8 Barrels full of very good Powder before I tent from thence. The French Priclt told me in ndufion, that the Gnndees make all their rn Powder ; and fmce I have been informed, hat the Soldiers make Powder, as I have already Bid. I fpent the remainder of the Day in the Palace ith the Prieft. He told me that the Bifliop was Jt well, otherwife I iliould have feen him : And btbecaufe it was a Filh-diy, I could jiot cxpeft lich Entertainment, as I might have had on a- arhcr Day i yet he Ordered a Fowl tc be broiled br my Dinner, and I dined by m.y {lAt In the Evening he lent me out of the Palace, defiring to Y excufed, that he could not entertain me all ^ight : yet he ordered his Man to lodge me in a hiiiiinefe Chriftian Houfe not far from thence. The People were civil, but very poor, and my Lodging fuch as 1 had met with on the Road. I ave fince been told, that the new Chriftians come I do their Devotion in the Palace at Night, and br that Reafon probably, I was fo foon dif- bift. I WIS now again pretty well refreflied, and might ave gone to Cachao City a foot : but fearing my [rengch, I chofc to go by Water. Therefore I [nt back my Guide : • yet before he departed back iour Ships, he bargained with a TonquiMefe Water- ban for mv PafTage to Cachao. The Tide not ferving prefcntly to imbark, walked about the Town, and fpent the ay in viewing it •' in the Evening I embarked, nd they choofe an Evening for coolnei's, rowing II 2 all W j V ■ ''.vi' il! A' r i.-< i' ! ' ' »' f loo He goes by Boat tip to Cachao. An. 1688. all Night. The Boat was about the bignefs of ^•^V^^ Gravejend Wherry, and was ufed purpofcly to urry Paflrengers> having a fmall covering over-head tq keep them dry when it rained. There were 4 or more of theic Boats, that went up this Tide full of PafTengers. In our Boat were about 20 Men and Women, bcfides 4 or 6 that rowed us. ThJ Women i:hofe their Places and Hit by themfelvcsJ And they had much Relped fhewed them : But m Men (lowed clofc together, without IhewinR anJ refpedt more to one than to another, yet auverjl Civil. I thruft in among the thickell of them al firft, but my Flux would not fuffer me to reftlonj in a Place. About Midnight we were fet alhon to rcfrefti our felves at a Bailing-Place, whci there were a few Houfcs dole by the Rivers and the People up, with Candles lighted, Arici and Tea, and little Spits of Meat, and other Pn vifions ready dreft, to receive us. For thel were all Houfcs of Entertainment, and probabl' got their living by entertaining Paflengers. \V| ilayed here about an Hour, and then entered agi on our Boat, and rowed forwards. The Palfei gers fpent the Time in merry Difcourfe, or Sin ing, after their Way, tho' to us it fcems like cr ing •, but 1 was mute for want of a Perlon I cou! converfe with. About 8 or 9 a Clock the next F I was fet afhorc : the reft of the PafTengers rcmaim in the Boat, but whither they were bound I kn not, nor whetlicr the Boat went quire up to Cd(.k I was now 5 or 6 Miles fliort of the City, but in good Path : for the Land here was pretty high, li vel and liindy, and the Road plain and dry, ai I reached Cachao by Noon. I prefently went one Mr. Bowyers Houfe, who was a free Merchanj with whom Captain Weldnn lodged, and ftal with them a few Days •, but fo wqak with my Flu: which daily encreafed, that I was fcarce able M fx'd Bells to be fent from Tonquin to Siam. loi 10 about, an^i fo was forced to learn by others, ^». 1688. a great Meafurc, fcveral particulars relating to "^"^^^^ liiis Place. This my wcaknefs, joined with my iifappointmenr, Tor I found that I was not like to employed in any Voyage to the Ncigbouring ;;ountrics, as it had been " propofcd to me, made ne very defirous of returning back again, as foon as night be : arid it happened opportunely, that Cap- liii Weldon had by this time dune his Bufincfs, and m preparing for his Departure. I went therefore down the River again to our Ships, in a Veficl our Merchants had hired, to Icarry their Goods aboard from Cachao. Among other freight, there were 2 Bells of about 500 dght each, which had been caft at Cacbcu) by the fof!(]uinefe^ for my Lord Jralcon, the King of Stamps, phief Miniftcr ol State, and for the ufe of fome bf the fChriftian Churches in Siam. The Perfoji vho btfpoke them, apd was to carry them, was Captain Bremjter, who had not very long before |[omc from Sia*n in a Ship of that King's, and had ccn caft away on the Coaft of Tonquin^ but had lived moft of his Goods. With thefe he traded at Uchao^ and among other Goods he had purchafed ^0 return with to Siam^ were thefe 2 Brlls, all ffhidv he fiint-down ta be put on Board Captain »Wo»'s Ship. ButtheifarK was no fooner come hUtan^ in going down tlje River, but the Gover- \otof.Htfari*s Officers came on Board the Bark and feed the 2 Bells in ^ehalf of the chief of the E»^//j& Fft<3:fljry .-, who underftanding they were de- Bgncd for the King of •Sw», which they were not lure of af? to the reft of the Goods, and the Efi- \lilh being then at War with the Siamefs, he made m his pretence for. feizing them, and got the povernor to aflift him with his Authority ; and (he Bells Wfire accordingly carried alhore, and W at Hea^i. This was thought a very ft range H^ Adtiou • s. t'( ; 1' -f! I •>; I , 102 I (i i:;i ^•VV^ opportunities of trading to Japan. "f^St^' Aftion of the chief oF the f adlory, to fcizc G( as belonging to the King of Siam^ while they wep in a River of ^onquin : but he was a Pcrfon bu meanly qtialificd for he Station he was in. Indcc had he been a Man of Spirit, he nrvi^ht have bee ferviccable in getting a Trade with Ja[an^ whici is a very rich one, and much coveted by the Eaft] ern People thcmlclvcs as well as Europeans, fo while 1 was there, there were Merchants car every Year from Jipnn to ^onquin \ and by fome thefe bur En^Jifh Fadtory might probably have fetl tied a Correfpondence and Trafficfc, but hewh( was little qualified for the Station he was in, Icfs fit for any new Undertaking : and tho' Mcj onght not to run inconfiderately into new Difcovt ri:'s Or Undertakings, yet where there is a profptd of ProFif, I think it not amifs for Merchants totr for a Tridc, for if our Ancdftors had been as dii| as we have been of late, 'tis probable we had %'cr known the way fo much as to the Eaft-hv\ but murt: have been beholden to our Neighbouj for all the produdl of thofe Eaftern Nations. Wh/ care was formerly taken to get us a Trade into til y.afv-Jndl:^^, and other Countries ? What Pains pa] ticularly did fome take to find out the Mfifcovitnl doubling the North Ctf/)f, arid away thence by Ian Trade into Pcrjin ? but now, as if wt wore clovl with Trade, we fit fVill contented, faying with u^ Noji minor ejl virtifs quam queerer e parta tuiri. Tti was the Saying of an eminent Merchant of Eajl-India Company to me : but by his leave, oj Neighbours have encroached on us, and ihacinoj times tor». However, *tis certainly for the Inter of our Merchants to imployfit Men in their Faftj ries, fince the Reputation of the Company rilr ^or tails by the difcreet Management, or the ill Co 'dutl of the Agents. Nor is it enough for the chj of a Fa(^tory to be a good Merchant, and an hond {jfTrajy to China, Cochinchina, Ch^mpz,&c. to| Alan : For tho' tlicfc arc ncce(r4ry Qualifications, -'»• '6^8 U the Govcrnour, or chief of tlic Factory ought ^^VN# lo know more than h.\rcly how to buy, fell, and Ifcp Accoinpts : I'-fpcciaiiy where other Einopean Jfrthants <« refidc anionc thrm, or trade to the Lmc Places •, for thoy keep a diligent l''yc on the Maniigcmcnc of ourAtFairs, and are always ready bukc all Advantages of our Mif-improvcmenis. Keiihcr ought this Care to be ncglefted where wn Lve the Trade to our felves, for there ought to a fair Underftanding between us and the Na- fives, and care taken that they ihould have no [rafon to complain of unjuft dealings, as I could kw where there has been •, but *tis an invidious ubjeft, and all that I aim at is to give a caution. But to the Matter in Hand, it fccmed to me that bur Factory ap Tonqum might have got a Trade k\) Japan : and to Chifia as much as they plea- k\. I confefs the continual Wars between '•Tunquin m Cochinchina^ were enough to obftruft the Dr- ligns of making a Voyage to this J aft : and tho fa ther Places of Champa and Cambodia as they are Icls nowD,. fa was it more unlikely ftill to make thiti.er ny profitable yoy;iges : yet poflTibly the Diflicul tics lere alfo is not fo great, but Refolution and Induf- would avercomc thep) ; and the .Profit would undanily compenfate the Trouble. But to proceed, we found there was no recover- ig the ^ells : fo we fell down from Hean to our Bhips : and Captain fFeldon coming to us in a few ays, and Captain Brewjler with him, to go as a Pi&nger in his Ship, together with one or two nore; and 2 Ships who came with us being alfo pd/ fpr their Departure, we all weighed Anchor, nd took leave of Ton^ttifu . ft H 4 7/ C H A P. w hf Ai %. 104 ■ The^uthofs dcf art ure from Toiicjuin. Hi I Am. idSS. !: C H A P. VI. ' They fet fat I out of the Bay of TorKjuin. 0/ the R. and Country of Cambodia : O/Chi- nc(c Pirates fettled thercy and the Buggafll-s, a fort of Soldiers under the King of Siam, both routed by the Englifh in his fervtce» ThA fa[s by Pulo Condorc, are in fear of th\ K/ng of Siam, and enter the Str eights of Malacca by Brcwftcr '/ Streights, They armt\ T- «j/. Malacca. The ."itory of Captain )o\\[\[m: his buying a Veffel at Malacca, and goin^ o- '■' ver'tO'ScncsiVis, aTown on theoppofite Lo4\ ■' /)/ Sumatra, to buyTepper, His Murder h\ the Malayans there^ and the narrow efcafe ij his Men and VeJJeL The State of Trade in\ thofe Tarts^ and (he Reftraint put upon it\ Captain John Ton V VeJJel brought to Malacca by Mr. Wells. Th^iAuthofj 'Departure frot Malacca j and arrival at Achin. ^f^'i IT was the beginning of 'BehrtiaY'^ l68' when left this Country. We Went ovei" 1^6 Bafjj Ships in Company, the Tlaivhow Captai(i -?^/^ Com mander, bound for London, and Captairt Locji the Saphirc, bound for Fort St. George!^ aiid I was ii Captain tVfldon*s Ship the Curtane, bound thitr.?i aJfo. We kept Company feme rimC after '6ur dc parturc from Tonquin, ' ^nd having an Eaftcrl wind wc kept more to the middle of the Bay oi ^onqiiifiy or towards the Eaftern Side, than whei we entered : by which means we had the Opporto nity of founding as well la the middle of the Bj; ■• ' • now,! R. and K. of CatiiboJia, iis TrodnEi, loj Qv., lis wc had on the Well fide of it, at our co--'* iM8- ling into the Bay. \y^>r>i Cominp; out of the Bay of Tonquht^ wc flood a- [ly Southward, having the Sholes of Pracel on our LrboirJ, .ind the Coads of Cr/chimhina^ Champa, y Ciiinhodia on our Starboard. I have juft men- Ucd thcfe Kingdoms in my former Volume •, and [re I have but little to fay of ihcm, having only trd by them. But not altogether to fail the Rca- ts Expeclation, I fhall ^ivc a brief Account of one [ two Particulars relating to Cambodia : for as to hml>a I have nothing material to fpcak •, and Co- Vxhlna^ I have already fpoken of in this Volume, 11 went ioTonqiiUi. jThc Kingdom of CamhocUa feems to be much fuch [kind of Country within Land as the lower Parts Tor.(iuhi : low Land, very woody, and little inr hbitcd, lying on each Side a great Kivcr that comes lorn the North a great way, and falls into the Sea Ivcr againft Pi{h Co/ulore. I know not the particu" IrPfodud pf Cambodia, but in the VefTels mentio- fcJin my former Vol. p. 399. as taken at Pulo Ubi^ 11 which came thither fron: Cambodia ; there were tfides Rice, Dragons Blood, Lack, in great Jars, tit it looked blackifh and thick i and the yellow lirging Gum, which w£ from thence call Cambodia^ [great Cakes, but I know not whence they get it. [his River and Kingdom Cif it be one ) is but little pown to our Nation, yet fome Englijhmen\i:ivc been lerej particularly , Captain fVilliams and Captain ml, the laft of whom I came acquainted with fomc be after this at Fort St.. George, and I had of him Ic following Account,^ the Particulars of which I Ivealfo had coniirrned by the Seamen who were puhem. " ' . , iThefe two Captains, with many more Englifl)- ^«, had been for fome time in the Service of the ng of Siam, and each of them commanded a ftout I i>r. K f :, '■ •. I^"V iN'^ .. r , m\ n ",i ' ■I'r :I\'S 106 ChiHcfc Ty rates hi the R. of Cambodia. I Ihe pirates '•^^iJ^- ftout Frigat of his, mann'd chiefly with En0, ^^^f^' fome Portugeufi born at Siam, Thefe the Kino Siam lent ugainft Ibme Pyrates, who made fpi of his Subjeds trading in thefe Seas, and neftel themfelves in an Ifland up the River of CamhoB Captain Howel told me, that they found this RivJ Tery large, cfpecially at its Mouth ; that 'tis ded and navigable for very great Veflcls, 60 or J Leagues up, and that its depth and widenefs d tended much further up, for ought we know : bil fo far they went up at this time with their Shic The Courfe of the River is generally from Nora to South : and they found the Land low on eaj fide, with many large Creeks and Branches, an in fome Places confiderable Iflands. They bcndel their Courfe up that Branch which feemed mo| confiderable, having the Tide of Flood with then and tHe River commonly fo wide, as to giia them room to turn or make Angles where n bending of the River was fuch as to receive a coi trary E.aft , or South-Eaft Sea-Wind. The! •Reaches or Bendings of the River Eaft and Wd were very rare ; at lead fo as to make their CouJ be againft the Sea-wind, which commonly ble in their Stern, and fo frelh, that with it they couj ^cm the Tide of Ebb. But in the Night when Land-winds came, they anchored, and lay ftill about 10 or II a-Clock the next Day, at which tirt the Sea-breezes ufiially fprang yp again, and en Wed them to continue their Courfe, till they cafl tcy the Ifland, where the Pirates inhabited. Tlij •prelently begart to fire at ihcm, and landing th^ Men routed them, and burnt their IJoufesandfo tifications i and taking many Prifoners, return again. . ; -' Thefe Piratical People we by Nation CM who when the' 'iTizr/rtrj conquer'a their Counii] fled from thenar in rheir own Ships ; :is chofi^ riia ti The Pirates carried to Macao /» China. '107 iher to live any vrerc free, than to fubmit tp^«. i6M< "tartars. Thefe it feems in their flight bent ^^ ' fcfir Courfc towards this Country , and finding [e River of Cambodia open before them, theymadfc to enter, and fettle on the Ifland bcfore-men- oned. There they built a Town, and fenced it iind about with a kind of Wood-pile, or Wall of wi Timber Trees laid along, of the Thicknefs qf or 4 of thefe Trees, and of about as many in eighth. They were provided with all forts, of flinters Inftruments, and the Land hereabouts was icellcnt good, as our Englijhvien told me, fo liat it is like they might have lived here happily Wigh, had their Inclinations led them to a quiet lite: but they brought Arms along wirh them, nd chofe to ufe them, rather than their Inftru- lients of Husbandry : and tliey lived thcicfore |ioftly by rapin, pillaging their Neighbours, w,ho re more addided to traffick than fighting. But the [ing of Sia7n'% Subjeds having been long harrafted them at Sea, he firft fcnt fome Forces by Land to drive them out of their Fort : till not j'cceedine that way, he entirely routed the|n b^* [nding thefe 2 Ships up the Rivet The 2 lingiijh cptaiBS having thus efFefted thejr Bufinefa, r©- lirned out of the River with many Prifoners : bi^t lie South- Weft Monfoon being already fct in, they jiild not prefently return to 6'f4/«,;^rid therefoi](^ bt to Macao in China \ as well to wait for the |V. [aft Monfoon, as to ingratiate tlijemfelveij wjtji p fjr/rtr;, who ahey thought would be pleaftxl ^ith the Conqucil which they had mad<* over kkChinefe Pyrates. They were wejj entertained (lere by the Tartarian Governor, and. gave him lleir Prifoners •, and upon the fhiiiiiig of the fcnfoon, they returned to Slam. There they l^ere received with great Applaufe. Nor W4s his the firft fuccefsful Kxpeditiun the Engiijh hayc made ■1 i H ■ i r V: 1' -, ^ '; Ji ^ 'I - ,L„' v/f a Bargain. Mi ': i U I! ! II I Of Capt. Johnfon and Mr. Wells. ■ ibeft Part of a Thoufand Dollars in Spanijh Mo--^»- '^^8. aboard, for which one may piirchafe a good *«^^^^ Dp here: for the Dutch, as I have before obfcrvM, I often buy Proe-bottoms for a fmall Matter, of c Malayans, cfpecially of the People of Jihorc\ convert them into Sloops, either tor their own , or to fell. Of thefe fort of Vefiels therefore dutchmen of Malacca have plenty, and can ford good Penny-worths ; and doubtlefs it was for lisRcafon that Captain John/on. came hither to lirchafe a Sloop. Here he met with a Bargain, not [ch a Proe-bottom reformed, but an old ill-ftiaped ling, yet fuch a one as pleafed him. Tiie Dutth- i who fold him tliis Vcflel, told him withal, that Government did not allow any fuch Dealings (di the Englifh, though they might wir,' it it : and Lt therefore thefaftit Way for them ooth to keep lit of trouble, would be to run over to the other Ideof the Streights, to a Town called Bencalis, on \mtra •, where they might fafely buy and fell, or icii.nge without any Notice taken of them. Cap- Jin Johnfon excepting the Ot^er, they failed both [gcther over to, Bcncalis, a Malayan Town on that oaft, commanding the Country about it. There tey came to an Anchor, and Captain Johnfon lying the Price agreed on for the Veflel, he had \i deliver'd to him. The Tiiitchman immediate- f returned over to Malacca agaiji, leaving Ca^^tain ^n\m with 2 Vefleis under his Command, 'd'vz. ke Sloop that he brought from Bencouii, and this pv-bought Velicl. The Bencouii Sloop he kn\i |to a large kiver hard by, to trade with the mkyans for Pepper, under the Command; of Tv^r. Ms. He was no Seaman i but a pretty incclligeric [erfon, that came fird out of England as a Soldier, jferve the Eafi- India. Company in the IQand Sam a /f/wd.He liv'd fometinie very meanly in tluit Ifiand,, ut having an afpiringMind, ii.e kfc that poor, buc ' healthy 7l ? '■■ -r p I - «, f i nli' u T 1 2 Lafcars, and other Seamen in the Eaft-IndicJ An. i68S. healthy Place, to (erve the Company at Benmi\ \y"^>r^ which though it is accounted the moft unheakh Place of any that we trade to, yet the hopes of Pn ferment engaged him to remove thither. After fon flay there, he was fent with Captain Johnfon toaf him in this Pepper Expedition ; more becaufe could ufe his Pen than bis Hands in Sea Servic] He had 3 or 4 raw Seamen with him to won" the Sloop up into the River. Captain Johm ftayed near Bencalis to fit his new Veflfel : for witf other Neceljarics fhe wanted a new Boltfprij which he intended to cut here, having a CarpJ with him for that purpofe ; as alfo to repair anl fit her to his Mind. He had alfo a fev/ other rai Seamen , but fuch as would have made bettq Landmen, they having fcrved the King of Sim; Soldiers : and tliey were but lately come froii thence with the Frcuch, who were forced to leav that Country. But here in the Indies our Enilii are forced for want of better, to make ufe of anj Seamen fuch as they can get , and indeed 00 Merchants are often put hard to it for want Seamen. Here are indeed Lafcars or Indian Seame enough to be hired ; and thefe they often make ufij of; yet they always covet an Engli/hman or 2 in VeflTel to aflift them. Not but that thefe Lafa^ are fome of them indifferent good Sailors , might do well enough : but an En^ijhman will I accounted more faithful, to be employed on mat] ters of Moment ; befide the more free Converfatioif that may be expedled from them, during the Tern of the Voyage, So that though oft-times their h\ iijhmen are but ordinary Sailors, yet they areproj moted to fome Charge of which they could not I fo capable any where but in the Eafi-Indies. Thdil Seamen would be in a manner wholly ufelefs ia Europe^ where we meet with more frequent an hard Storms, but here they ferve indifferent well] Capt, Johnfon is killed by the Malayans. 1 1 j fpecially to go and come with the Monfoons ; but^»' »68«. lOugh of that. --*-N^^^ Mr. Welh being gone to purchafc Pepper, Capt. htjon went afhore about 5 or 6 Leagues from Ben- k Town with his Carpenter, to cut a Boltfprit \ ere being there plenty of Timber Trees fit for iiis rpofe. He foon chofe one to his Mind, and cue down. He and his Carpenter wrought on it the ft and fecond Days without Moleltation. The ird Day they were both fet upon by a Band of m^Mala\am^ who killed them both. In the E- ning the Sailors who were left aboard, lookt out r their Commander to come off : but Night ap- oached without feeing or hearing from him. This t them in fome doubt of his Safety ; for they ere fenfible enough, that the Mala-jans that inha- ited thereabouts were very treacherous : as indeed 11 of them are, efpecially thofe who have but little mmerce with Strangers : and therefore all People ight to be very careful in dealing with them, fo to give them no Advantage •, and then they may de fafe enough. There were but 4 Seamen on board Captain John- i's Sloop. Thefe being terrified by the abfence of eir Commander, and fufpeding the Truth, were wvery apprehenfive of their own Safeties. They rged their Guns, and kept themfelves on their uard, expelling to be afliliukcd by the Malayans, hey had 2 Blunderbufles, and 5 or 6 Muikets : ch Man took one in his Hand, with a Caduce-box his Wafte, and looked out fliarp for fear of any ?my. While they were thus on their Guard, the mans in 6 or 8 Canoas came very filent to at- k the Sloop. They were about 40 or 50 Men, 'med with Lances and Creffets. The darkncfs of Night fivoured their Defigns, and they were fn aboard before the Seamen perceived them. lisn thefc began to fire, and the Encrr.y darted ^'oL. II. I their eftnce, '^iv!^' ^^'^^^ Lances aboard, and boarding the VclTel. ilic* entered her over the Prow. The Seamen refoliitc!^ defended her, antl drove them over-board againJ Of the 4 Seamen 2 were defperately wounded int'ia Crfl attack. T\\c Malayvis took frefh Courage anj cnter*d ag;'in •, and the 2 Seamen who were no v/ounded, betook themfelves to clofe Quarters iJ the Steerage j and there being Loop-holes to fir out at, they repulfed the Malayans again, forcinj them into their Canoas. Their Bellies being noJ pretty full, they returned afhore without hopes ol conquering the Sloop. The poor Seamen were llil( in fear, and kept watch all Night ; intending tofcl their Lives as dear as they could, if they had beej attacked again. For they might not, neither diJ they exped T;\jarter from the Salvage Mj/(/\mj| but they were no more alTaulted. Thefc two ili; were wounded dyed in a fhortTime. The next Day the 2 Seamen got up their Anchor| and run as nigh the Town of BencaUs as they could It may be within half a Mile. There they anchor'] again, and made Signs for the People to comei Board. It was not long b»;fore the Shaluuider or chii Magillrate of the Town came off: to him ihcytolj all their Misfortunes, and defired him to protej them, bccauie they were not of fuflicient Streng to hold out ngainft another Attack. The Sbalm.lk feemed very forry for what had happened, and to] them withal, that he could not help what was pal for that the People that did it were wild unrul Men, not fubjefc to Government, and that it wi not in his Power to fupprefs them : but as longi they lay there lome of his Men fhould lye aboaj to fecure the Ship -, and he in the mean time woul Lnd a Canoa to their Confort Mr. JVells, togij him an account how Things went. Accordingly! left 10 or 12 of his own Malayans aboard the Barj and 'cat a Letter written by the Seamen to ^| !i: 7he Tepper 'Trade in thefe Turtsl 1 1 $ "j , who was, as I have faid, dealing with i\iQAn. \b%S. \i(\\c.% for Pepper, in a Fiver at Ibine diitancc. •VN* Itwiis i (>!• 3 Days before Mr Jl^'d/s canicto then). If hid not then received the Letter, and therefore Jfvfir[)^'<^t(fd the Soiibduder of lalfhood •, though Men were yet very kind, and ferviceable f^ the Seamen. Mr. IVcib liad heard notinng of their liuflcrs, but returned for want of Trade ; at Icaft jch a full Trade as he expeded. For tho* here is epper growing, yet not fo much as might allure iv one to feek after it : for the Dutch are fo near, lat none can come to trade among them but by (eir PcrmifPion. And though the Natives themfclves crc never fo willing to trade* with any Nation, as [deed they are, yet the Butch coukl loon hinder it, Jen by deftioying them, if in order to it they lo'ild let themfelves to produce fuch Pepper. Such " nJl quantities as they do an pr:.'fent raifc up, or |oiure trom other parts of the Ifland, is lickt by leD/.T'/', or by their Friends of Bc/itaiis for them : |r the Town of Bencalis being the principal of thefe arts, and fo nigh Malacca^ as only parted by the irrowSea or Streights, 'tis vilited h^j X.W.Dutch in jeirfma!! Veni'ls, and feems wholly to depend on :rade with that Nation, not daring to Trade with IvbefiJcs : and I judge it is by the Friendfhip of Town, that the Dutch drive a ihiall Trade for fcpp.r in thefe parts, and by it alfo vend any of eir own Commodities : and thefe alfo trading with eir Neighbours into the Country, do bring their' smmodities hither, where the Dutch come for lem. The People of Bejualis r!ierefore, though |ey are Malayans, as the reft of the Country, yet ey are civil enough, engaged thereto by Trade : [rthe more Trade, the more Civility -, and on the pntrary, the lefs Trade the more Barbarity and In- Jmanity. For Trade has a Ih oi-p; Inl'^uence upon |1 People, who have found the f>vcct of it, bring- I 2 ing I i? i ini ■I I ■ *i, li.n 1 1 6 Opprejfiony a prejudice to Trade, jin. i68H.ing v^ith it ib many of the Convcniencics of Liic (•VX it docs. And 1 believe that even the \>oQr AmtruA who have not yet tafted the Swectnels of it, inH be allured to it by an honeft andjull Commerce] even Uich ot them as tlo yet leern to covet no mo] than a bare Sublillcnce of meat and drink, amll clout to cover rhrir Nakedncfs. That large CorJ nent hath ytt Millions of Inhabitants, both on J Mexican and Peruvian parts, who are ft ill ignoraj of Trade : and they would be fond of it, did [hd once L''xpcricn':e it ; though at the prefent they lii happy enough, by enjoying fuch Fruits of the Earj as Nature hath beftowed on thofe Places, where tha Lot is fallen : and it may be they are happier noi^ than they may hereafter be, when more known the Avariticus PVorlcl. For with 'lYade they will bcj danger of meeting with OpprelTion : Men notbcii content with a freeXraffick, and ajuft and rafoj able Gain, efpecially in thefe remote Countries: they muft have the Current run altogether in \\\ own Channel, though to the depriving the poorNj tives they di-al with, of their natural Liberty .' .is ail Mankind were to be ruled by their Laws. Tl Ill.inds of Sumaini and Java can fufliciently wi:n!| this : the Dutch having in a manner ingrolt alli 'l^radc of thole, and feveral of the ncighbounij Counrri(^s to thcmlllves : not that they areablej fupply the Natives with a quarter of what they wan but bccaufe they would have all the produce ol thd ac their own tiifpofal : Yet even in this they i7iorr, and may be ft ill more difappointed the Pepper Trade if other People would feekij it. F^or the greatcft part of tho Ifland of Siima propagates this Plant, and the Nar.ives would reaf ly comply with any who would come to trade vj them, notwithllanding the great Endeavours Diinb make againll ir : for this Ifland is To large, pulou% and pr(j(luai\-e of I'eppcr, that theD;'l ', II The Malayans in fear of the Dutch. x 1 7 not able to draw all to themfcIvTs. Indeed this^». 1688. |i« about Benralis, is in a manner at their D/'O- D.v, and for ought 1 know, it was thioiigh a Dc- m of being revenged on the DHUb that Captain %:Con loft his Life. I find i\\c Malayans in general |t implacable Knemics to the Dutch j and all Iccnis ifpring from an earn-jft defire they have of a free [rade, which is rcllrained by them, not only here, lit in the Spice-lflands, and in all other places where ey have any Power. But *tis freedom only mult ithe means to incourage any of thefe remote Peo- :to Trade i efpccially fuchof them as arc indailri- and whofe Inclinations are bent this way ; as oft of the Malayans are, and the major-part of People of the Rafl-Tnd'm^ leven from the Cape of hi Hope Kaftward to Japan^ both Continent and lands. For though in many places they are limi- Iby theDw^f/^, Englifh^ Danes ^ &c. and rcftrained Dm a free Trade with other Nations, yet have they |ntinually fhewn what an uneafmefs that is to them. nd how dear has this Reftraint cofl: the Dutch ? b yet neither can they with all their Forts and iiard-Ships fecure the Trade wholly to themfelves, more than the Rarlaventa Fleet can fecure the hde of the IFeft- Indies to the Spaniards : but e- [ugh of this matter. [You have heard before, that Mr. IFclls came with Sloop to Bdncalis, to the great Joy of the two Itn that were yet alive in Captain Johnfon*% Veflel. fie two Seamen were fo juft, that they put all iptain Johnjon\ Papers and Money into one Cheft, p lockt it and put the Key of it into another kit -, and locking that, flung the Key of it into Sea : and when Mr. IVells came aboard, they fered him the Command of both Vefiels. He tmingly refufed it, Hiying, that he was no Sea- lOj and could not manage cither of them : yet by iich importunity he accepted the Command of I them. fj'ffi u It; i( Ml iv u\ M. \ ■ !l! flf If ; 'I ! < I'r I., ill 1 1 S The A, departs from Malacca* >f». i6S8,ti^cm^ or at Icaft undertook tlic account of \^'r, it ^"^^^^^^was in the Sloop, cng.i[/,in^ lO give a laithful accour. of it 10 Govirnour Hiui.in, '1 luy were ;ill now fo weakened, that they s^cn but jull enough to fail one of the Vcllcls. TlKre fore they lent ro iIk" Shahduurt of Brncalh^ to d«.f: ■foine of his Men, to hrlp fail ti\c Sloops over r MMcca^ but he refufcd il. Then chcy oiTcmlti fell one of ihcni for a inull Matter, but ncltliti would he buy. Then ihey oiTered to give him tin fmalkn: : To thai heanfwered, that he did not in to accept of hrr, tor fear of the Dutch, Then Mr Wells and his Crew concluded to take the Pepper .n^ all the Stores out ot tl^e fniaJl V'clTcl, and burn he: and go ;iway with the other to Malacca. This u\ put in Execution, and prefently went away, and pening Captain yc^/7y&/;'s Cheft, they found :. or jci jDollars in Money. This with all his Writings, ani what elfe they found of value, Mr. fVclh took his PofTcfllon. In a very fliort Time thqy goi ovi to Malacca, Tlierc they ttayed expedingthe co ing of ibme E>!gllJJj $hip, to get a Pilot to navigii the Sloop : for neither of them would undcrtak navigate her further. Captain Lac-j coming hii firtl, l:C fparcd Mr. ll'clh his chief Mate to ne- gate her to Achin : When we came hither they wi ready to Sail, and went away two or three D before us. To return therefore to our own Voyage, Q| tain IP'cldon having finifhed his Bufinefs at Ma-r'- we failed again, fteering towards yichin^ where defigned to touch in his way to Fort St. George. ^" overtook ?vlr. WelU about ^s Leagues fhort of i^ agajnft the River Paffange Jonca : and Jhoi tly we both arrived at Achln., and anchored \n theRo; about the beginning of March 1689. Here I my leave of Captain //'(7%%. tit:Voya<^;('. CiH-raiii //'WrA;;; ollcrcd nic any Kind- ^^'^V^^ inls thai lay in iiis Power at lort St. (icorir, if I woiiKl [v vviih him thither : bi'i [ clioff raditr to iij here, luiving lome i"m ill Acquainunce, than to igoiii that wtak Condition, to a l^iacc \ here I was Iwholly unknown. But Mv. IJaH went with CapLiia fiiiku to Fori St. Gcoyg(\ and from thence in a Hiorr Time returned to E'lg.'diul in iUc If^illiiVnjln of biiilon. ^^^^ m \ f>: ' .» 1 I4 ,i.:' / CHAP. t ! V M * ; ' tl i (•'• 1 20 The Country oj Achin defer ibed. 'Jn, 1688. CHAP. VII. The Country of Achin defer ibed : its Situatm and Extent. Golden Mount, andtheneiihA bouring IJlesofWsLy and Gomez ^^c. tnakmn fevera/ Channels and the Road ^/ Achin. 1h\ Soil of the Continent ; Trees and Fruits j par\ ticularly the Mangaftan and Pumplc-nofe.l Thetr Roots, Herbs, and T>rugSy the Herl; Ganga or Bang, and Camphirc : the Tepm of Sumatra, and Gold of Achin. TheBeaJhl Fo'Ujly and Fifh. The People, their TemfiA Habits, Buildings. City ^/ Achin, and Tradnl The Husbandry, Fifhery, Carpenters andVly ing Proes. The Money Changers, Coin ani JVeights. Of the Gold- Mines. The AlerchanU "■ji'ho come f^ Achm : and of the Chincie Cani^ or Fair. The wajhing ufed at Achin. A ChiJ nefe Renegado. ^Punijhments for Theft au other Crimes. The Government of Achin ; c| the Giueen, Oronkcys^r Nobles ; andoi the Slavery of the People. Th: State km by the Eaftcrn Princes. A Civil IV ar hA upon the choice of a new Queen. The A and the other Englifh in a fright, upon J feizure made of a Moor'j Ship by an Eimlili Captain, The JVeather, Floods, and Heat Achin. BEing now arrived at Achin again, I think it noi amifs to give the Reader feme fiiorc accouri of what Obfervation I made of that Cirv and Coi r.j m \}ittnt of the Kingdom of hz\\m. Golden A/ navigable (ivf comes out into die Sea, by which Ship:; tran- r>rt their Comaitxiifrts in fmaller Veflels up to the fc. The Mouth of this River is 6 or 7 Leagues bm Piiio Rondo^ and 7, or 4 from Ptdo IVaj^ and tar as many from Pulo Gomez, The Iflands are fttty high Champion Land, the Mold black or [eliow., the 3oiL deep and far, producing large tall frees, fit for many ufcs. There are Brooks of Wa- • er on tlic two great Iflands of H^aj:i\-\d Gomez, and everal forts of wild Animals ; efpccially wild Hogs abundance, jud. : : ...'.":: J r The Mold of this Continent is diflerent according (othe natural pofuion cf it. The Mountains are rocky, efpecialty thofe tr wards the Well Coaft, fet mod: that I have feen feems to have a fuperfi- tial covering of Earth, naturally producing Shrubs, jfmall Trees, or pretty good Grals. The fmall lills are mofl: of thpir* cloathed wlui V/ooJs •, the 'rets whereof feetn by their growth to fpring from fruitful Soil :, The -Champion Land, fuch as I bve feen, is fome black, fomc grey, fome reddifh, md all of a deep Mold. But tc be very particular (in thefe Tiiiiigs, tfpcciaiJv in : Jl my Travels, is more • tnau I can pretend to : though it- may be I took as |much notice of the difference of Soil as I met with it, as inoft Travellers have done, having been bred an my Youth in SomerSdiflnre^ at a place called Jlajb [Uiv near Tcov'il or Evil : in which Parifli there is a great Variety of Soil, us I have ordinarily met Iwith any where, viz. black, red, yellow, fandy, pony, clay, moral's or iwampy, &c. I had the [more reafon to take notice of this, becaufe this Vil- lage ■iv :) ^' ■' ! If' ! iX n . >( 124 The Waters^ Woodsy Trees ^Fruits, 3cc. -€». i688,lage in great mcafurc is let out in fmall Leafc! for Lives of 20, I50, 40, or 50 Pound per An. m der Coll. llelliar the Lord of the Mannor : and! moft, if not all his Tenants, had their own Land fcattering in fmall pieces, up and down fcveral fore of Land in the Parifh : fo that every one had fomj piece of every fort of Land, his black Ground, hii Sandy, Clay, ^c, fome of 20, 30, or 40 Shilling an Acre, for ibme ufes, and others not worth u Groats an Acre. My Mother being pofTeft of onei of thefe Leafes, and having of all thefe forts off Land, I came acquainted with them all, and knei what each fort would produce, {yvz.) Wheat, Barj . ley, Maflin, Rice, Beans, Peas, Gats, Fetches,! Flax, or Hemp : in all which I had a more than! ufual Knowledge for one.fo young ; taking a par{ ticular delight in obferving it : but enough of this Matter. The Kingdom of Ach'in has in gc?neral a deep! |s/Iold : It is very well watered with Brooks and! fmall Rivers, but none navigable for Ships of Bur{ ^ien. This of Ach'in admit? not- c^ any but fmalll Vefff.ls. The I and is fome part very Woody, inl other places Savannah •, the Trees are of divefsl forts, moft unknown to me by Name. The Cot-I |on and Cabbage-Trees grow iiere, but not in fuchl plenty as in fome parr of America, Thefe Trees eommonly grow here, as indeed ufually where-everl they frrow, in a Champion dry Ground, fuch atl ^eall as is not dj owned or morafly •, for here is fomej fuch Land as that by the Rivers •, and there \_ Mangrove Trees, and other Trees of that kindl Neither is this Kingdom deftitute of Timber-Trees| fit for building. The Fruits of this Country are Plantains, Bo-I nances, Guava's, Oranges, Limes, Jacks, Durians, Coco-nuts, Pumplc-nofes, Pomgranatcs, Mangoes,! Mangaftans, Citrons, Water-melons, Mufk-me-l lOK.' Ti6^ Mangaftan i7«^ Pumple-nofc. 125 ns,Pine Apples, (^c. Of all rhefe forts of Fruits, An. 16S8. think the Mangaftan is without compare the n^.oft •^V'^- clicate. This Fruit is in fhape much like the Pom- rinate, but a great deal Icfs. The out fide rind or ell is a little thicker than liiat of the Pomgranate, t fofter, yet more brittle ; and is of a dark red. he infide of the fliell is of a deep Crimfon Colour. i'iihin this fhell the Fruit appears in 3 or 4 Cloves, out the bignefs of the top of a Man's Thumb. hefe will eafily feparate each from the other \ leyare as white as Milk, very foft and juicy, in- lofing a fmall black Stone or Kernel. I'he out- ide rind is faid to be binding, and therefore many hen they eat the Fruit, which is very delicious, 10 liive the rind or fhell, drying it and preferving it, to give to fuch as have Fluxes. In a fmall Book, ntituled, A new Voyage to the Eajt-Lidies, there is ention made of Mangaftans, among the Fruits of axa : but the Author is miftaken, in that he com- ires it to a Sloe, in (hape and tafte : Yet I remem- r there is fuch a fort of Fruit at Aibhi j and be- lieve by the defcription he gives of it, it may pro- ably be the fame that he calls the Mangallan, tho' othing like the true Mangaftan. The Pumple-nofe is a large Fruit like a Citron, .'ith a very think tender uneven rind. The infide isfullof Fruit : It grows all in Cloves as big as a mall Barley Corn, and thefe are all full of Juice, as n Orange or a Lemon, though not growing in kh Partitions. 'Tis of a pleaiant Tafte, and tho' here are of them in other parts of the Eajl- Indies ^ ec thefe at ylchin are accounted the bcft:. They re ripe commonly about Chrjjlmas^ and they are fo uch efteemcd, that Erjgli/b Men carry them from lence to Fort St. George^ aixl make Prclents of them :o their Friends there. The other Fruits mentioned ere, are mpft: of them defcribed by me in my firit I'ol ume. The 'j'^' ' m ■i:h >■ ! I Am ! 116 Rice. Ganga or Bang. Camphirc. An. 168&. The eatable Roots of this Country nre Yroii ^^^^^ and Potatoes, (^<:. but their chiffeli: bread-kind J Rice. The Natives have latc;Iy planted (om( Qiian] tities of this Grain, and rrjight produce much nion were they fo dilpofed, the J .and being To fVuitfuj They have here :\ fort of Herb or Plant callcdGi^ ga^ or Bang, I never faw any but once, and thj was at fome diftance from me. It appeared to mi like Hemp, and I thouj^ht it had been Hemp, lij I was told to the contrary. It is reported of tliij Plant, that if it is infufcd in any Liquor, it wij flupify the Brains of any Perfon that drinks Lhercofj but it operates diverfly, according to the Conflitutil on of the Perfon. Some it keeps fleepy, fome merj ry, putting them into a Laughing-fit, and othert it makes mad : but after 2 or 3 Hours they comj to themfelves again. I never faw the Eifefts of i| on any Perfon, but have heard much Difcourfe it. What other ufe this Plant may fervc for know not : but I know it is much efteemed here, and in other Places too whither it is tranfportcd. This Country abounds alfo with Medinni Drugs and Herbs, and with variety of Herbs k the Pot. The chief of their Drugs is Camphirej of which there are Quantities found on this Ifland but moil of it cither on the Borders of this King] dom to the Southward, or more remote (till, with] out the Precinds of it. This that is found on th \{[2Lndi Sumatra is commonly fent to Japan tobei?| fined, and then brought from thence pure, tranfported whither the Merchants pleafe after! wards. I know that here are feveral forts of Medii cirial Herbs made ufe of by the Natives, who go of| ten a fimpling, feeming to underftand their Virtue much, and making great ufe of them : but thisi ing wholly out of my Sphere, I can give no acj count of them ; and though here are plenty of Pot| Herbs, yet I know the Names of none, but Onion Onions* Gold. Land- Animals. iij iwhich they have great abundance, and of a very >^». 1688. odforr, butlhiall. ^V^ [There arc many other very profirable Commo- Jtieson this Iflaiui : but foine of ihcm are more (coliar to other parts of it than /Lbin^ cfpccially pper. All the Ifland abounds with that Spice, [cept only this North Weft-end •, at leaft fo much it, as is comprehended within the Kingdom of ^.n. Whether this defc6l is through tiie ncg- kcnce or lazinefs of thcfe People, I know jGold alfo is found, by report, in many parts of |islfl;ind: but thi. Kingdom of ^icbb: is at prcfent ait plentifully ftored with it. Neither does any icc in the Eajt- Indites, that I know of, yield fuch [iiiiuitics of it as this Kingdom. I have never been 'jdUViiy and therefore can make no Eftimate of the [cK Riches of chat Kingdom ,• but here I am certain lere is abundance of it. The land Animals of this Country are Deer, log;, F.Iephants, Goats, Bullocks, Buffaloes, Ions Porcupines, Monkeys, Squirrils, Guanoes, lizards, Snakes, but I can fay nothii of them. The Rivers ot this Country afford plenty of Fii The Sea alfo fupplies divers forts of very good Fij (viz.) Snooks, Mullets, Mudfifh, Eels, Stingraj which I Hiall defcribe in the Bay o^ Campeacb^^Tl pounders. Old Wives, Cavallies, Crawfifli, ShrimJ The Natives of this Country are Malayam. Thj are much the fame People with thofe of ^m Jihore, and other Places on the Continent of JJ lacca, fpeaking the fame Malayan Language, n very little diftt rence : and they are of the faij Mahometan Religion, and alike in their liaugh Humour and manner of living : fo that they it\ to have been originally the fame People. T' v; People of a middle Stature, ftraight, and .. ped, and of a dark Indian Copper-Colour. Tl Hair is black and lank, their Faces genera pretty long, yet graceful enough. They have blal Eyes, middling Nofes, thin Lips, and bLck Teetf by the frequent ufe of Betle. They are very lazj and care not to work or take pains. The poorer fa are addifted to Theft, and are often punifliedf verely for it They are otherwifc good-natured! general, and kind enough to Strangers. Tl \ i ^Qfths, HonfeSy Food and City ^/ Achin. 129 .he better Sort oF them wear Caps fitted to their -«f». i638. ids, of red or other coloured Woollen Cloath, ^-OP^^ ( iiie Crown of a Hat without any Brims v for mcof the Eajlern People ufe the Complement of overing their Heads when they meet, as we do. (the general Wear for all Sorts of People is a fmall rban, fuch as the Miudanaiam wear, dcfcribcdin 1 2th Chap, of my former Volume, page 326. ley have fmall Breeches, and the better Sort will e a Piece of Silk thrown loofely over their Shoul- s; but the Poor go naked from the Wafte up* irds. Neither have they the Ufe of Stockings Shoes, but a fort of Sandals are worn by the tter Sort. Their Houfes are built on Polls, as thofe of Mm- m, and they live much after the fame Falhion : t by Reafon of their Gold Mines, and the fre- KntRcfoft of Strangers, they are richer, and live greater Plenty. Their common Food is Kice, ^ the better Sort have Fowls and F'ifli, with which Markets are plentifully flored, and fometimcs ifaloes Flefh, all which is dreft vrry favourly with pperand Garlick, and tintiurcd yellow with Tur- lick, to make ir pleafmt to the Eye, as the l-Iihiiaiis generally love to have their Food look :llo\v : neither do they want good /Icban or Sau- to give it c; K elifii. The City of Achin is the chief in all this Kingdom. islcated on the Banks of a River, near the N. W. of the Hland, a.id about two Miles from the . This Town confiils of 7 or Sooo Houfes, and it there are always a great many Merchant- ngers, viz. En^.ijb, Duub, Da.-it's^ Portiiguef'^ wy^, Giizarats^ &c. I'helloufes of this City are nerally larger than tliule I fuw at Mindanao^ and Iter furnilhed witli Houfnoid Gouds. The City no Wails, nor fo much as a Ditch about it. Ic ^ great Number of Mofqius, g-jucrally P^uare b'.iltj \r- r IT iv lillli < f no The TradeSy Husbandry y fijhin^, I Fly'n^ Trc I':! t p 'i An. i6fl8 built, and covered with Pantile, but neither hij U^V^Si' nor large. Kvcry Morning a Man made a grt Nolle from thence : but I liiw no Turrets or % pies, for them to climb up into for that PurpolV, they have generally in Turky. The Queen has large Palace here, built handfomely with StorJ but I could not get into the Infidc of it. 'TisfaJ there are lome great Guns about it, four of whid are of Brafs, and are faid to have been fent hithJ as a Prefent by our K. James the firfl. | The chief IVades at /hbifi are Carpenters, Bhid fmiths, Goldfmiths, Fifhermen, and Moncy-chi^ gers : but the Country -people live either on brw ing Heads of Cattle, but mod for their own UfJ or Fowls, efpecially they who live near the Ciivl which they fend weekly thither to fell: others pba Roots, Fruits, &c. and of late they have fown prrt ty large F'ields of Rice. This thrives here wci enough ; but they arc fo proud, that it is aga their Stomach to work : neither do they themlclvj much trouble their Heads about it, but leave iti be managed by their Slaves : and they were Slaves brought lately by the Engli/h and Batmiid the Coaft of Coromandel^ in the Time of a Famiij there, I fpoke of before, who firft brought :ll Sort of Husbandry into fuch Requeft among the.j cbiiiefe. Yet neither does the Rice they have this wi fupply one Quarter of their Occafions, but they haj it brought to them from their NeighbouringCoiir.tria The Fifhermen are the richelt working Peoplfl I mean fuch of them as can purchafe a Net ; \i thereby they get great Profit •, and this Sort of li ployment is managed alfo by their Slaves. In m Weather you fliall have eight or ten great Bos] each with a Sain or haling Net • and when they ' a Shole of Fifh, they ftrive to encompafs themwij thefe Nets, and all the Boats that are near aff each other to drag them alliorc. Sometimes tnfl drii i' !fi >A' Flrn^; Troes^ Jf^ovjen Money changers. 1 3 r iwalho.. .lis way 50, 60, or 100 large Filh, as/^». 1688. cr as a Man's l.cg, and as long : and then they rc- lya- uiigluily, and Icamper about, making a great iJout. The Fifli is preicntly fcnt to the Market in e of their Boats, the rell looking out again for ore. Thole who Hlli with Hook and Line, go tin fmall Proes, with about one or two Slaves in chProe. Tlielc alfo get good Fifh of other Sorts, lich they carry Home to their Mailers. The Carpenters ufe fuch Hatchets as they have at hiLinao. They build good Houfes after their Fa- ion : and they arc alfo ingenious enough in build- g Proes, making very pretty ones, efpecially of a[ Sort which are Flfm^-Proes \ which are built ng, deep, narrow, and Iharp, with both Sides ike, and Outlagcrs on each Side, the Head and ern like other Boats. They carry a great Sail, J wik-n the Wind blows hard, they fend a Man or oto fit at the Fxtrcmity ot the Windward Out- ger, to poife the VelTeJ. They build alfo fome tiTels of 10 or 20 Tuns Burthen, to trade from e Place to another: but I think their greateft In- nuity is in building their Flying-Proes ; which e made very fmooth, kept neat and clean, and ill fail very well : for which Reafon they had that "ame given them by the Englijh. Tiieie are but few Blackfmiths in this Town, ither are they very (kilfull at their Trade. The oldfmiths are commonly Strangers, yet fome of iAcbinefi themfelves know how to work Metals, 0' not very well. The Money-changers are here, at Toriqum, moil Women. Thefe fit in the Mar- ts and at Corners of the Streets, with leaden oncy called Ca/h, which is a Name that is genc- lly given to fmall Money in all thefe Countries i I the Ca/b here is neither of the fame Metal, r Valive with that at Tonquin ; for that is Copper, dthisis Lead, or Block-Tin, fuch as will bend about K 2 Che m »•'.. ,1 /i \f I IM Q» X 3 2 Coins y SummSy and Jf^eigpjts of Adiin. ^». ifj>8the Finger. They have but two Torts of Coin l ^■'^'^'^"^ tl^cir own j the Icall fort is tliis J .ciden MorJ Ciill'd Cajh^ and *tis the fame with what ihcy c.il Pcttics at Bantam. Of thefe, 1500 make a A//.J which is their other fort of Coin, and is a fmall Piece of Gold, flampt with Malayan Letters . each Side. It is in Value 15 Pence Kn0.\ \ Mt'f^^ make a 'Trt/f', which here is 20 Shillings /•J ii(hy 5 ^Inlc make 1 Bancaly a Weight fo called, an 20 Bancal make a Gi//y, another Weight. Butt?) Gold Coin feldom holds Weight, for you fluill Ibmi times have 5 'Tale and 8 Mefs over, go to ir.ake| Pecul^ and tho' 1^00 Ca/b is the Value of a i^/ yet tliefe rife and fall at the Difcretion of the U\ ney-changers : for fometimes you fliall have ic Ca//j for a Ali'fs : but they are kept ufually bctwejl thefe two Numbers-, feldom Icfs than 1000, never more than 1500. But to proceed with the! Weights, which they ufe cither for Money or Good 100 Catly make a Pt'cul, which is 132 Pound I'l^i Weight. Three hundred Catty is a Bahar, whicii[ 396 Pound Fvgli/h Weight i but in fome Places, at Bent'nil:^ a Bahar is near 500 EnglilJj Weigli Spanijh Pieces of Eight go here alfo, and ihey valued according to the Plenty or Scarcity of tld Sometimes a Piece of Eight goes but for 4 Mtf^ fometimes for 4 and a half, fometimes 5 Meji They coin but a fmall Quantity of their Golil fo much as may ferve for their ordinary OccafiQ in their Traffick one with another. But as the Md chant, .when he receives large Summs, always takj it by Weight, fo they ufually pay him unwroug Gold, and Quantity for Quantity : the Mercb chiife rather to receive this, than the coined Gold and before their leaving the Country will dianj their Alejfes for uncoined Gold : perhaps becaufel fome Deceits ufed by tlie Natives in their Coicii T The Gold Mines of A chin.' ti% fills Gold they i.dve tVoni fomc Mountain ^n- »^'88. pretty way within Land from /Icbin^ hiic within "-^^V^*^ ifir Dominions, and r.ithcr near to the Weft Coaft ,n the Strcights of Malacca. I take Golden Mnunt^ ch I fpokc of before, to lye at no great Diilance om that of riie Mines -, for there is very high Land ^thereabouts. I'o go thither tJiey fct out Haft- ftrd, towards Pajjange Joncciy and thence flri:.'-' up j[o the Heart of the Country. I made fome In- Liry concerning their getting Gold, and was told, [at none but Mahometans were permitted to go to Ic Mines: That it was both troublefomc and dan- irous to pafs the Mountains, before they came lither ; there being but one way, and that over Ich ileep Mountains, that in fome Places they [ere forced to make ufc of Ropes, to climb up and iDwn the Hills. That at the Foot of rhefe Precipices Icre was a Guard of Soldiers, to fee that no uncir- Jimcifed Perfon fhould purfue that Defign, and io 10 receive Cuftom of thole that paft either for- fcrd or backward. That at the Mines it was fo ckly that not the half of thofe that went tlrther td ever return agam ; tho* they went thither nly to traffick with the Miners, who live there, be- Ig fcafoned : that thefe who go thither Irom the lity ftayed not ufually above 4 Months at the lines, and were back again in about 6 Months from (icir going out. That fome there made it their con- iint Imployment to vifit the Miners once every ^ear: for after they are once feafoncd, and have bund the Profit of that Trade, no Thoughts of pger can deter them from it : for I was credibly pld, that thefe made 2000 per cent, of whatever leycarryed with them, to fell to the Miners: but by could not carry much by Keafon of the Badnefs ' the ways. The rich Men never go thither them- •Ives, but fend their Slaves: and if 3 out of 6 re - lirn, they think they make a very profitable Jour- K 3 ncy H, ^ ' ill' 134 The Goods brought hither from abroad. 'An. i688 ney for their Mafter, for thefe three are able to br l^'VV; Home as much Gold as the Goods which all carried out could purchafe. The Goods that ihci carry thither are fome Sort of Cloathing, -nd y quor. They carry their Goods from the City Sea, part of the way : Then they land fomewhe: about Paffangf. Jonca^ and get Horfes to carry thq Cargo to the Foot of the Mountains. There thi draw it up with Ropes, and if they have much Gooi one flays there with them, while the reft march the Mines with their Load •, and return again foi the reft. I had this Relation from Captain T-i who lived at j^chin, and fpoke the Language of Country very well. There waa an Englijh Renegidi that ufed that Trade, but was always at the Mim when I was here. At his Return to Ach'in heco ftantly frequented an Englijh Punch-houfe, fpcni inghis Gold very freely, as I was told by theMafti of the Houfe. I was told alfo by all that I ditcou fed with about the Gold, that here they dig it of the Ground •, and that fomctimes they find prei ty large Lumps. It is the Produ<5l of thcfe Mines that draws fi many Merchants hither, for the Road is feldo without 10 or 15 Sail of Ships of feveral Natioi Thefe bring all fort of vendible Commodities, Silks, Chints, Muzlins, Callicoes, Rice, ^c. ai as to this lafl, a Man would admire to feewk great Quantities of Rice are brought hither by tj Engli/h^y Dutch, Danes and Chinefe : when any arj rives, the Commanders hire each a Houfe topol their Goods in. The Silks, Muzlins, Callicoes, Opi um, and fuch like rich Goods, they fell to thcGsd rats, who are the chief Men that keep Shops here but the Rice, which is the Bulk of the Cargo, the; ufually retail. I have heard a Merchant f^iy, heli received 60, 70, and 80 /. a Day for Rice, when has been fcarce ; but when there are many Seller thti I \]\ \ The Guzurats, Brokers at Achin. I3S hen 40 or 50 Shillings worth in a Day is a good^»^i688. Je: for then a Mefs will buy 14 or 15 Bamboes of whereas when Rice is fcarce, you will not have [bove I or 4 Bamboes for a Mefs, A Bamboo is a 1 leal'd Meafure, containing, to the beft of my Remembrance, not much above half a Gallon. [husit riles and falls as Ships come hither. Thofe Iho fell Rice keep one conftancly attending to reafure it out •, and the very Grandees themfelves ever keep a Stock before hand, but depend on the jllarkct, and buy juft when they have Occafion. [hey lend their Slaves lor what they want, and the oorer Sort, who have not a Slave of their own, ill yet hire one to carry a Mefs worth of Rice for jiiem, though not one hundred Paces fiom their bwn Home;?, fcorning to do it themfelves. Befidcs Ine to meafure the Rice, the Merchants hire a Man take the Money •, for here is fome falfe Money, Silver and Copper Mefs gilt over : Befidcs, here |rc fome true Mcj's much worn, and therefore nor lorth near their Value in Tale. The Merchants may lllb have occafion to receive 10 or 20 /. at a fip;.e For other Commodities \ and this too befides liofc little Summs for Rice, he mud receive by liis froker, if he will not be cheated •, for 'tis work lough to examine every Piece : and in receiving lie Value of 10/. in Mcjs^ they will ordinarily b^ )rc'd to return half or more to be chang'd j for he Natives are for putting off bad Money, if pof- [bly they can. But if the Broker takes any bad loney, 'tis to his own L<)fs. Thefe Sort of Bro- kers are commonly Guzurats^ and 'tis very neceifary )r a Merchant that comes hither, efpecially if he a Stranger, to have one of them, for fear of ta* ting bad or light Money. * The Eugli/h Merchants are very welcome here, fnd I have heard that they do not pay fo much '^'Jllom as other Nations. The Dutch Free-men K 4 lii.iy 'i^ 'i' 111" t^M:^ vv ::i? lir iMW vM 136 Chincfe Merchants, and Ch'in^ Camp. '>». ifiSS.may trade hither, but the Company's Servants iJ ^^^'^'^^ deny*d that Privilege. But of all the Merchanj that trade to this City, the Chinefe are the mod J markable. There are Ibme of them live here \ the Year long -, but others only make annual VoJ ages hither from China. Thefe latter come hithj fome time in Jun/'., about 10 or 12 Sail, and brin Abundance of Rice, and feveral other Commod ties. They take up Houfes all by one another, the end of the Town, next the Sea : and that en cf the City is call'd the Ch'ipa Camp, becaufethd they always quarter, and bring their Goods aftoj thirhcr to fell. In this Fleet come feveral Mccii nick^', (wz.) Carpenters, Joyners, Painters, y| Thcf^ fet rhcmfelves immediately to work, makin of Chells, DrawcTs, Cabinets, and ali forts of Ck 17"/} 7'oys : which are no fooncr finifli*d in thtj Working-houfcs, but they are prefently fet up Sliops and at tiie Doors to h\c. So that for tv Months or ten Weeks this Place is like a Fair, fulh Shops fluft with all fort of vendible Commo( and People relbrting hither to buy : and as the Goods fell off, fo they contraft themfelves id lef^ Compafs, and make ufe of fewer Houfes. Ba ^ as their Bufmcfs decrcafes, their Gaming amon themfelves increafes •, for -ji Chinefe, if he isnoti work, had as li:!ve be wi:hout Vidluals as without Gj , ming ; and they are very dexterous at it. If beto!^ t'leir Goods are all fold, they can light of Chapma to buy their Ships, they will gladly fell them allb, i Icraft fome of them, if a.-iy ?vlerchant will buy ; 11 Cbinepi is for felling every thing : and they wii are fo ha[)py as to get Chapmen for their own Ship will return a-; PafTengers with their Neighbour! leaving their Camp, as 'tis call'd, poor and nakeJ like other Parts of the City, till the next Yeaj They com.monly go away about the latter end* '>.eiHemher, and never fail to return again at the Sei The AchlncCc Learning and Religion. 137 jn; and while ihey are here» they are fo much fol- ^n. i68s. i,ffcd, that there is but little Bufinefs ftirring for the ^-^V^** lerchants of any other Nations •, al! the Difcourfc hen being of going down to the China C.imp. E- Kn the Europeaiis go thither for their Diverfion ; be Englijhy Dutch ^ and Danes ^ will go to '^rink \it\r Hoc-ciu, at fome China Merchants Houft who jllsit; for they have no tippling Houfes. Tjie Eu- bw; Seamen return thence into the City drunk e- jough, but the Chinefe are very fober them ft Ives. The Achinefe feem not to be extraordinary good It Accounts, :i5 the Banians or Guzurats a.re. 'i'hey ndruft their Youth in the Knowledge of Letters, Wnjan principally, and I fuppofe in fomewhat of hbickf being all Mahometans. They are here, as Mindanao, very fuperftitious in wafhing and ileanfing themfelves from Defilements : and for itRcafon they delight to live near the Rivers or beams of Water. The River of y^chin near the Lity is always full of People of both Sexes and all igos. Some come on Purpofe to wafh themfelves, or the Pleafure of being in the Water : which they much delight in, that they can fcarce leave the fc without going firlt into it, if they have any Jufmefs brings them near. Even the Sick are brought the River to wafh. I know not whether it is ccounted good to wafh in all Diftem[)ers, but I am ertain from my own Experience, it is good for hofe that have Flux, efpecially Mornings and Isven- jigs, for which Reaibn you fhall then fee the Rivers iilleft, and more efpecially in the Morning. But tie mod: do it upon a Religious Account; for there- iconfifls the chief Part of their Religion. There are but few of them refort daily to their fUf^!{es ; yet they are all fliff in their Religion, fid fo zealous for it, that they greatly rejoyce in naking a Profjiyte. I was told, that while I was at I H I M Ji ' t. 'i' . , - »■ k ll'#;W'^h r«l \m rf '%' r s • it ^'M ii I 1 ' ;i t ^•Y^^ X3S Chliitfc Renegado, Tunijhments, 'iment inflicted for greater Robberies -, bu^ for fmall pil- (ring the firft time Thieves are only whipt ; out bthis a Petty larceny is looked on as a great rime. Neither is this fort of punifliment peculiar the ^c/^/«^7^ Government, but probably, u fed by |e other Princes of this Ifl and, and on the Ifland 'm alfo, efpecially at Bantam. They formerly, [hen the King of Bantam was in his profperity, epriv'd Men of the right hand for Theft, and may Bl^r ought I know. I knew a Dutch-mdin fo [rv'd: he was a Seaman belonging to one of the ling of Bantam'^s Ships. Being thus punifhcd, he [as difmift from his fervice, and when I was this le at Achin he lived there. Here at Achin, when member is thus cut off, they have a broad piece " Leather or Bladder ready to clap on the Wound. [his is prefently applyed, and bound on fo faft, lat the Blood cannot ilTue forth. By this means le great Flux of Blood is ftop*d, which would elfe ffiie •, and I never heard of any one who died of How long this Leather is kept on the Wound [know not: but it is fo long, till the Blood is peftly ftanched ; and when it is taken off, the ods of Blood which were preft in the Wound by [e Leather, pfcl all off with it, leaving the |ound clean, Then, I judge, they ufe cleanfing or M ( . i \ I I ri \^ W'V 140 Empaling, Execution by fighting, An. 1688. or healing Plaifters, as they fee convenient, and cur ^i^OP*^ the Wound with a great deal of eafe. I never heard of any that fuffer*d Death foi Theft. Criminals, who deferve Death, are executci divers ways, according to the Nature of the Offenci or the Quality of the Otiender. One way is by b paling on a fliarp Stake, which paflTeth up riolii from the Fundament through the Bowels, andcomi out at the Neck. The Stake is ? bout the Bignefs a Man's Thigh, placed upilgnt, one End in t Ground verv firm ; the upper fharp End is aboui 12 or 14 Foot high. I* law one Man fpitted this manner, and there he remained two or chn Days : but I could not learn his Offence. Noblemen have a more honourable Death ; the are allowed to fight for their Lives : but the Nij hers of thofe with whom they are to engage, fooi put a Period to the Combat, by the Death of ti Malefadtor. The manner of it is thus ; the Perfoi condemned is brought bound to the Place of Exe cution. This, is a large plain Field, fpacioui enough to contain Thoufands of People. Thithei the Achinefe^ armed as they ufually go, with ihfii Creffet, but then more efpecially, refort in Troop as well to be Spectators, as Adlors in the Traged Thefe make a very large Ring, and in the niit; of the Multitude the Criminal is placed, and b him fucli Arms as are allowed on fuch Occafions which are, a Sword, a Creffet, and a Lanci When the Time is come to aft, he is unbound, ani left at his Liberty to take up his fighting Weapon The Spectators being all ready, with each Man hi! Arms in his Hand, ftand llill in their Places, till the MalefiiCtor advances. He commonly fees 01 with a Shriek, and daringly faces the Muldtudt but he is loon brought to the Ground, firft Lances thrown at him, and afterwards by thei Swords and CrefTets. One was thus executed whii I ^i The General Slavery at Achin. 141 m there : I had not the fortune to hear of it till An. 16S8. [was ended : but had this relation the fame even- ^*^^Y"^ ic was done, from Mr. Dennis Drifcal^ who was ^n one of the Spectators. I This Country is governed by a Queen, under hom there are 1 2 Oronkejs^ or great Lords. Thefe in their feveral Precinfts with great Power and luthority. Under tliefc there arc other inferiour fticers, to keep the Peace in the feveral parts of Qiieens Dominions. The prefent Shabander of m is one of the Oronkeys. He is a Man of great- knowledge than any of the reft, and fuppofed to very rich. I have heard fay, he had not lefs lan 1000 Slaves, fome of whom were topping Merchants, and had many Slaves under them. fid even thefe, tho' they are Slaves to Slaves, yet jive their Slaves alfo •, neither can a ftrangcr eafily now who is a Slave and who not among them : ^r they arc all, in a manner. Slaves to one ano- W : and all in general to the Queen and Oron- ty-y for their Government is very Arbitrary. Yec pere is nothing of rigour ufed by the Matter to Is Slave, except it be the very meaneft, fuch as do ]1 forts of fervile Work : but thofe who can turn heir hands to any thing bcfides Drudgery, live Ml enough by their indullry. Nay, they are ncouraged by their Matters, who often lend them loney to begin fome trade or bufinefs withal : Vhereby the Servant lives eafie, and with great wtent follows what his Inclination or Capacity fts him for i and the Matter alfo, who has a fliare the gains, reaps vht more profit, yet without trou- ble. When one of thefe Slaves dies, his Matter is ieir to what he leaves •, and his Children, if he las any, become his Slaves alfo: ur.iefs the Father )\it of his own clear gains has in his life time had Ifherewithai to purchafe their Freedom. The I'irkets are kept by thefe People, and you fcarce trade 4K !,' :\'. .*'. ^ f^'^'y i: ■V,. E 142 £lueeno/ Achin ami Oronkcy, 'An. 168? trade with any other. The Money-changers i[i ^"OT^ are Shives, and in general all the Women that vol fee in the ftreets ; not one of them being tree. [ are the Fiflier-mcn, and others who fetch FirJ wood in Canoa'^. from Puio Gomez., for thence thoij of this City fetch moft of their Wood, tho' thtn is fcarce any thing to be feen but Wood-; about th City. Yet tho' all thefe arc Slaves, they have! bitations or hoiifes to themfelves in feveral parts the City, far from their Mailers Houfes, asifthi were free People. But to return to the Shab:inlA was fpeaking of, all Merchant Strangers, at thcj firft arrival make their Entries with him, whi( is always done with a good Prefent : and from lui they take all their difpatches when they departl and all Matters of Importance in General betwefi Merchants are determined by him. It feems have been by his Converfion and Acquaintance wiq Strangers, that he became fo knowing, beyond tli reft of the Great-men: and he is alfo faid tol himfelf a great Merchant. The Queen of ^^^i«, as 'tis faid, is always an oil Maid, chofen out of the Royal Family. \\>,a| Ceremonies are ufed at the chufing her I kno ncit : Nor who are the Eleflors ; but I fuppo they are the Oronke'js. After fhe is chofen, iheil in a manner confined to her Palace ; for by repoi Ihe feldom goes abroad, neither is (he feen by am People of inferiour rank and quality; but only I fc me of her Domefticks : except that once a Yc fhe is dreft all in white, and placed on an ElephanJ and fo rides to the River in ftate to walh her tf but whether any of the meaner fort of People fee her in that Progrefs i know not : for it is cuftom of moft E.^ftern Princes to flcreen then felves from the fight of their Subjedh: Or if thej fometimes go abroad for their pleafure, yeti People are then ordered either to turn their bacll Ele[f'ton of a ne^-M ^een, 141 pw.irds them while they pafs by, as formerly at ^»- i^SS* ti!:(iim, or to hold their Hands before their Kycs, ^^^ "^ I at SiiWi. At MlnJanao^ they may look on their frinct: but from the higheft to the lowed they ap- iroach him with the greatefb refpecl and venerati- m, creeping very low, and oft-times on their Knees, kith their Eyes fixt on him : and when they with- bw, they return in the fame manner, creeping ickwards, and ftil! keeping their Eyes on him, lli[lieyarc out of his fight. Bit to return to the Queen of Achin^ I think 1r. Ikdiiuit or Punhas^ makes mention of a King ere in our King7^w CHAP. 3 ; .1 r '.t i.^ ISO An. i683. The Author goes aboard again. i' ' (■-•' , ! CHAP. Vlll. The Author prepares to go for Pegu. Am others a Shtp arrives here from Merga/i Si am. Of the Ma(facre of the Englidi thi Hts intended Cargo for Pegn. The arrk of other Hnglifh Men from the City of Siai The Author fets out for Malacca infieadi Pegu. They are becalmed, and foon after k great danger of running aground, 71. Coaji of Sumatra /rtf«/ Diamond Tointtoti River Dilly. They water there and at Full Verero ; where they meet a Ship of Dan and Moors from Trangambar. Pulo Arii and Pulo Parfclorc, a life fid. Sea-mark to "void Sholes near Malacca Shore, The A\ thor arrives at Malacca Town* The Tn and Its Forts defcribed: the Conqtteji of by the Dutch, from the Portuguefe. Chimi and other Merchants refiding here. Tki of F/efh and Fijh ; the Fruits and Jnm The Shabander, State of the Trade, Guard- Ships. Opium, a good Com among the Malayans. Rattan Cables. U prepare for their return back to Achin. AS foon as I was pretty well recovered, I w| Ihipt Mate of the Sloop that came from M lacca with us, which Mr. VFdls had fold to Capnij ^yler^ who lately came from Sia7n : and 1 was Icj aboard to take Poflefrion of her, about the Begii nir^g of Md'j^ iG?<^, He who was defif^ncd ro con The Cargo intended fer Pegu.' 151 ;:.ndher came to Ach'in Mate of the ISIellegrec ; andwf». i688.' \t were now to go to Pcgu^ but before the Middle U^^Y^nJ YJune he left the Employ, being fick, and loth to Lat this dead Time of the Year to Pegu^ becaufe KeWcfterly Wind was fct in ftrong, and the Coaft \{ Pegu is low Land, and wc were both unacquaint- on the Coaft. I was then made Commander, nd lOok in Goods in Order to depart for that Coaft. '•1 the mean time Mr. Coventry arrived in his Ship ^om the Coaft of Coromandd laden with Rice, and imall Velfel belonging to Capt. 'Tyler came alfo (rem Merga much about the fame Time. This lali Ship had been at Merga a confiderable be, having been feized on by the Siatnites^ and all iic Men imprifoned, for fomc Difference that hap- ped between the Englifi and them. Neither was a rrifon then thought hardUfage by them, for during leHavock was made of the Englijh there, many ct hole who lived at Merga were mafiacred. Thofc I'howere imprifoned, were kept there till all the biMj who lived at the City of Siam^ on the other ^ide of the Kingdom, withdrew from thence ; and itlicn thefe Men had their Liberty reftored alio, and pir Ship givei them, but no Goods, nor Satisfadi- pntor their Loftes, nor fo much as a Compafs to bring with them, and but little Provifion. Yet |icre they fafely arrived, this being a better Ship lat I was gone aboard of, Captain Tyler immcdi- iitely fitted her up for the Sea, in order to fend her By this Time my Vefiel was loaden, and my Cargo ^as eleven thoufand Coco-nuts, five or fix hundred ^Uight of Sugar, and half a dozen Chefts of Drav^ crfj ^l Japan work, two were very large, defigned for a iVelcnt to the King. Befides this, Capt. I'lJer, for fo ^'^ ufed to call him, tho' he was only a Merchant, -I'd he intended to fend a good Quantity of Gold t'licher, by which he expelled to gain 6c <^ 70 per 'r Ccut ', %m :f' *■' ' l« ? H 'rK ■i 1 1 1 ■) 1 1 ■ 'I ;, * I ''l2 ■ ^1 : 1 1' 1 i 'fill 1 4 1 'll* i J ^;til 1 J in V. si 1 ||U 1 11 :|' iff ■|1 i' :ji ;l ^ ■ilij! '■- 1* \ 'jii'i I ukilili m y ♦ ■,- ■ l'^'*: M if. jil, ! V liMl' |\v y pi ' 1 1 1 ■ ' , ; 'f 1 ' 5' ¥ 1 .ali i 152 Gold and Nutmegs for Pegu. An 16%^. Cent •, for by Rcporc the King of Pegu had latelJ ^'^"^'^^ built a very magnificent Pagoda^ and was gildinJ it very richly with Gold : bcfides he was making 1 large Image of Mafly Gold for the chief Pai^i o| this Temple, By this Means Gold was rife; in in Value here : and Jchirt being a place abounding i] that Metal, much of it had already been fent tkij rher from hence, and more was going in other Veff fels, belonging to the Moors of Jchi»y befide \v!ia| Captain Tyler defigned to fend. It was now about the Middle of ^ugujl ; and tho' I was ready to fail, yet I was ordered to fta] for Captain Tyler* s other Veflel, till fhe had takeS in her Lading, which was daily fent off. Her Carl go alfo was Coco-nuts, and fhe had about 8oj ^000 already aboard : when I received an OrdJ from Captain Tyler to hale aboard of her, and piij all my Cargo into her •, as alfo all my Water-cas'J and whatever elfe I could fpare that tney wanted j but withal he defirtd me to be fatisfied, and [di me I fhould in a fhort Time be fent to Sea : butthi Ship be'ag the biggeft, he thought it more convtj nient to difpatch her firft. I prefently did as I wjj ordered •, and finding that I fhould not go this Vojj age, X fold alfo my fmall Cargo, which confiftei only of fome Coco-nuts and about 100 Nutmeg which had the Shells on as they grev/ on the Tree; I bought all that I could meet with in the Town and paid about 3^ a piece, and expelled tohai-j had 11 d. z. Piece for them at Pegu^ where they an much efteemed if the Shells be on, for dk tlit] don't value tlicm. About this Time the George, a great Englifi Sliil belonging to one Mr. Dalton^ arrived here from trj City ofSiam, coming thro' the Streights of Maki He had been there fome Years trading to ar.d tro| and had made very profitable Voyages : but thel devolution that hapned there by the Death oh^ Englifh returned from Siam.' 153 IV, and the unhappy fate of my Lord Falcon^ An. i68t. uled the Englifh to withdraw from thence. The ^^OTNi with were all fent away fome Months before, being t fuffered to flay in the Kingdom : but before sShip came from thence, the Broils of State were ivcri for the new King being fettled, all Tumults commonly arife in thefe Countries at the ifath of the King, were appeafed. The Englijh ere then de fired to ftay there, and thofe who had elded up their Places and Offices, were even in- ted to accept them again, for they owned that ey had all ferved the Nation faithfully. But not ng before the Revolution, the Governor of For/ I George fent for all the Englijh from thence par- Dcularly, and from the Service of all other Indian princes, to come and ferve the Eaft-India Company (tthe Fort, or where elfe they Ihould fend them. for that Keafon they all came away with Mr. DaU b;;, and he, in kindnefs to his Country-men, rc- ufed to take in Goods or Freight, becaufe he would lave room enough for their Paflage, and their loufhold Goods : for here were fomc Families (rf" l^len, Women and Children. They were a long time coming from Siam to iihin^ becaufe they came againlt the Monfoon; id in their Paflage they touch*d at Malacca^ and Irhen they arrived at Achln^ Mr. Dalton went afhorc |nd hired an Houfe, as did alfo mod of his Paffen- lers: and among the rcil Captain Minchin, who lad formerly ferved the Eajl-India Company at prrrt/, but on fome diiguft left that Place and ame to Simn. There he was made Gunner of a r'orr, and maintained his Wife and Family very Ijellin that Employ, till the Revolution there, and Companies orders came and called him from ^lence. He being now deflitute of Employment, k Merchants there thought of making him Com- nander of the V^iTd that I was in. becaufe Cap- tain ■\: n « I' ■!. !l i{ i i* i 154. T^e A. goes for xMalacca. >». 1688. tain ^'jler was minded to fell part of Her. Accon ^^^V\^ ingly they met about it, and the Veflei was divid into four Parts, three of which were purchafedbi Mr. Dallon, Mr. Coventry, and Ca,\^t. Mimhin, 2a Captain Tyler kept the 4th. The next Day Capi i Miuchin came on with an order to me to delivi him the poffelTion of the Ship, and told me, tl if I liked to go his Mate, I might ftill keep board till they liad agreed on a Voyage. I % forced to fiibmit, and accepted a Mate's Emplo! under Captain M'mchin. It was not long before w were ordered for Malacca to buy Goods there. W carried no Goods with us, befides 3 or 400 pouni of Opium. . It was about the middle of Seplemher, 1689, whi we failed from Achin. We were four white Men the Veffel, the Captain, and Mr. Coventry, vl went Supercargo, my felf and the Boatfwain. Fi common Sciimen we had 7 or 8 Moors: andgeni rally in thefe Country Ships the White-men are ■Pfficers. Two Days after we left Jchin, bei becalmed under the Shore, we came to an Anc .Not long after a Ship coming in from the Sc ward, came to an Anchor about 2 Mile a-head us. Mr. Coventry knew her to be a Danijh Ship -longing to 'Trangambar \ and therefore we hoifti out our Boat, and thought to have fpoken w ;her : but a fmall Breeze fpringing up, they weighi their Anchors and went away ; neither would tb ipeak with us, tlio* we made figns for them to h\ We weighed alfo and jogg'd on after then, bi they failed better than we. We met little ^Vlnl and Calms, fo that it was feven or eight Dayii ve got as far as Dianiond-point, v;hich is about lo;i leagues from Achin. Being about four leagues fi^iOrt of that PoinL,C tain Mtnchin defired me to fet,the Land, andwiif^ .prick the Card, j^nd fee what Coiirf» \v« ougi;: Thev are in danger of Ship^wrecL 155 ifcp all Night •, for it was nov/ about 6 a-Clock, ^». i6?3. ndwe had a fine gale at W. S. W. our courfc yet ^ ting E. S. E. After I had fet the Land» I ^^ent into the Cab- L to look over the Draught to fee what courfe V miift fteer after we came about the Point. Mr* Intntry followed me, and when I had fatisfied my {if, he asked me what courfe we mult ftcer? I old him E. S. E. till 12 a-Clock, if the gale flood, nd then we might hale more Southerly. He fmcd to be flartled at it, and told me, that the aptain and he had been pricking the Card, and nought that S. E. or S. E. by S. courfe would do til at 8 a-Clock. I faid it was a good courfe to unafliore ; he argued a long time with me, but I erfifted in my Opinion, and when I 'old Captain ihihin of ray Opinion, he was well fatL tied. Pre- }nd f a^rer this we had a pretty llrong Tornado out jftLeS. W. which obliged us to hand our Top- When the ftrefs of the weather was oVer, [e fet our fails again, and went in to Supper, and rdered the Man at Helm not to come to the D'jthward of the E. S. E. We flayed in the Cab- in till about 8 a-Clock, and then we came out to [: the Watch. Ic was now very dark, by reafon Thunder-Cloud that hung rumbling over the Land: yet by the flafhes of lightning we plainly |w the Land, right a-head of us. 1 wai much prprizcd, and ran into the Steeridgc to look on Compafs, and found that we were fleering S. ,E. inflcad of E. S. E. I chiot the Helm a Star- .1 oard, and brought h'jr to N. E. by E. and N. K. ndve very narrowly efcap'd being call away. When we firft went to Supper we were :; leagues p' Land, and then l*^. S. E. was a good courfe, K Landlyin^^ F. S. E, parallel with our courfe. 'r<^ ; . V!l :,i. But I- 'I * ' f i; ■: h • 156 Rher Dilly. Frefh Water at Sea. An. 1688. But then the Man at Helm miftaking h!s Com. "^^'^^^^^ pafs fleer'd S. S. E. which runs right in upoc the Shore. '. believe we had al:k fomewhat too low, we niighc probably take ■.^^ {0. ..• of the Salt water with it. They came to .. A .chor about two or three a-Clock the Aftcrncon bat the Wind flacken'd, and ic kas eight a-C ^k ^t Night before we came thither. RVe anchored uouut a Mile from them, and prefent- Ivhoyfed out our Boat to go aboard : for we judged jhat this was the Daniftj Ship, that we faw when we fame firft from Achin. I wnt in the Boat, becaufe \\\. Coventry told me, that Mr. Coppinger was Sur- geon of her, the fame Perfon who was with me in Boat when I was fet afhore at the Nicobar Ifles, kwas not fuffered to (lay with me. Mr. Coventry rasnow in the Boat with me, and we went and ha- ed tile Ship, asking whence fhe came ? and who m Commander ? They anfwered, they were Danes Tom 1'rangambar, for 'twas the Ship we took it be. Then they alkt who we were ? I anfwered lift) from Achin, and that Mr. Coventry was in he Boat, but they would not believe it till Mr. Co- \mtry fpoke and the Captain knew his Voice: nei- fher did they till then believe we were Friends i for tiey had every Man his Gun in his Hand, ready to ire on us, if we had gone aboard without haling, Mr. Coventry would have done, in Confidence that ll'C U- ;lr 't»t ; I 'J I > i| n r t. ;. ■} ; 15« P. Arii. P. Parfclorc: ■ffl ,t!l, 'jift. 1688 that they knew him, had not I difTwaded him. Fi ^^'V^^ it feems they were cxtrcamly afraid of us, injoniui that the Commander, feeing us follow them ini Morning, would not have touched at thefe Iflini thouf^h he was in great want of Water; and., not his Black Merchants fallen before him onth Knees, and even prayed him to take Pity on theo they had not anchored here. Thefe Merchii were Inhabitants of 1'rarigambar on the Coaft ot Ci romandcl. They having no Ships of their owi when the Danes fit out a Ship, on any Voyage t! they are inclined to, thefe Mnon aic obliged tojo^ Stock with them, and they lirft make an Offer of to them as a Kindnefs : and the Moors being gcL rally defirous to trade, frequently accept ot it moll on any Terms: but fhould they be unwillini yet dare they not refufe, for fear of difobliging Dancs^ who are Lords of the Place. In this Sii found Mr. Coppenge'-: and he was the firft that I ittn of all the Company that left me at the ISai^ ■ Iflands. 1 he next iVlorning we filled our Water ai weigh'd again \ the Vane being gone a lirr'i befoi He was bound to Jihore^ to load Pepper, buti tended to touch at Malacca^ as moil Ships dotl pafs thefe Streights. He alfo failed betier tlian and therefore left us to follow him. We ftood on yet neareft to the Sumatra Shore, we came in Sight o[ Pub Arii^ in Lat. 3 d. 2 m. Thefe are fcveral Iflands lying S. E. by E. ' Eail ly {vom Pido Verero about 32 Leagues diftant. Thi Iflands are good Marks for Ships bound thro' Streights : for when they bear S. E. at 3 or 4 Lcagi; Diftance, you may (leer away E. by S. for the/ lacca Shore, from, whence you then may be al 20 Leagues. The firft Land you will fee is Pulo P.t lore, which is a high peeked Hill in the Cound on the Malacca Coaft : which ftanding by it amidft a low Country, it appears like an I thoiii Shoals OH the Coaft of Malacca.' 159 iQiigh I know not wlicthcr it is really one ; for it ^"' ^•'^'^^ [r.dilbmc Miles within the Shoar of the Continent '-''''WJ Miildicn. It is ;i vt-ry remarkable Hill, ami the jily Sea-mark for Scanicn to guide tlicnilclvcs [rouf^h certain Sands that lye near the Main i and it is thick hazy Weather, and the Mill h ob- tur'd, Pilots, unlefs they are very knowing in the Djndings, will hardly venture in : for the Channel not above a I-caguc wide, and there arc large f.oals on each Side. Thefe Siioals lye ten Lea^^ucs loiii P«/y ^^n/, and continue till within 2 or 3 of \zMii!ciiia Shoar. In the Channel there is i ?. or Fathom Water, but you may kc?p 7 or 8 Fathom I cither Side •, and founding all the Way, you may afs on without Danger. Wc had a good Gale at Wcfl, which brought us iSi^ht ot Pitlo Parfalore : and fo we kept founding ill we came within the Shoar, and then we had Y'Yowno^ Malacca about iS Leagues diftant from \, to the S. E. and by E. Being Ihot over to the idiic(a Shore, there is a good wide Channel to fail L you having the Shoals on one Side, and the lind on the other -, to which laft you may come as |gh as you fee convenient, for there is Water Dough, and good anchoring. The Tide runs pret- flrong here ; the Flood fets to the Eaftward, and h Ebb to the Weft : and therefore when there is pie Wind, and Ships cannot ftcm the Tide, tliey Dir.monly anchor. But we being in with the Ma- (((i Shoar, had a v/efterly Wind, which brought befure Malacca Town, about the Middle of Otlo- [>••, and here I firft heard that King V/iljam and lueen Marj were crowned King and Queen of Eng- }iii The Da7je that left us at Pulo Vcrcro was not et arrived: for, as we afterwards underftocd, they Duld nor find the way thro' the Sands, but were Jrced to keep along without them, and fetch a [reatCompafs about, which retarded their Falfage. Alalacca A M' * f m: 'I fr Mi ii " 160 Am, 1688. %\\ Malacca Tcjun and Fort defcrib'd, Malacca is x pretty large Town, of about ?. or vj Families of Dunh and Portngurji'^ many of wli are a mixt Breed between thofc Nations. Th-r; arc alio many of the Native Malayans inlubitiii'; fmall Cottages on the Skirts of the Town. TM Dutch Houfes arc built with Stone, and the Strecj arc wide and (Iraight, but not paved. At the Xord "Well of the Town there is a Wall and Gate pafs in and out : and a fmall Fort always guardc with Soldiers. The Town ftands on a level Ion Ground, clofc by the Sea. 'I'he Land on thcBadJ fide of the Town feems to be niorafly, and on thj Wcft-fidc, witliout the Wall, there are Gardcmol Fruits and Herbs, and fome i^^r Dutch Houfes: ba that Qijarter is chiefly the Habitation of the MilA ans. On the Eafl-fide of the Town, there is a fmi River which at a Spring-Tide will admit fmall Bark to enter. About 100 Paces from the Sea tkrc a Draw-bridge, which leads from the midft ol [u\ Town to a ftrong Fort, built on the Faft-fideofi River. This is the chief Fort, and is built on a low level Ground, clofe by the Sea, at the Foot of a little (teeJ Hill. Its Form is femicircular, according to M natural Pofition of the adjacent Hill. It fronu chiefly to the Sea, and having its Foundation oj firm Rocks, the Walls are carried up to a goo Height, andof a'confiderable Thicknefs. The low! er Part of it is walTied by the Sea every Tide. Of the Back of the Hill, the Land being naturally lowj there is a very large Moat ut from the Sea to tli River, which makes the whcJe an Ifland j andthil back Part is ftockadoed round with great Treca fet up an end : fo that there is no entring wheij once the Draw-bridge is haled up. On the Hil within this Fort ftands a fmall Church big enougl to receive all the Towns-people, who come hither oi Sundays to hear Divine Service : and on the M J Rife and Fall of th6 PortuJUcfc in Indij. i6i eyoiul the Fort, the Malayafis are alfo fcatcd cJofc -^»^i<^S8« djr die Sea. The lirll Europeanj who fettled here were the forlu^ueje', I'hey alfo built the great Fort: but whether they moted round the Hill, and made an Jjnd of that Spot of Ground, I know not, nor ^hat Chiirges have been bellowed on it fince to n;ike it dcfcnceable ; nor what orhrr Alitrations avc been made •, but the whole Building fcems to pntty ancient, and that Part of it which fronts me Sea, was in all Probability, built by the For- Ur/^i for there are Hill the Marks of the Conque- 3'jrs ihot in the Walls. It is a Place fo naturally irong, that I even wonder how they could be eaten out : but when I confidcr what other Places jiey then lolt, and their Mifmanagcmcnis, I am lie lefs furprized at it. The Portuguefe were the fit Difcoverers by Sea of the EaJl-IndieSy and had Hereby the Advantage of Trade with thefe rich y}.nn People, as alfo an Opportunity, thro' their ^eakncfs, to fettle themfclves where they plcafed. fhercfore they made Settlements and Forts among kern in divers Places of hidia^ as here for one : and erfuming upon the Strength of tlieir Forts, they fultcd over the Natives -, and being grown rich |ith Trade, they fell into all Manner of Luofenefs ^d Debauchery j the ufual Concomitant of Wealth, ^d as commonly the Fore-runner of Ruin. The htui:ii'f'z,t this Place, by Report, made ufe of the fadve Women at their Pleafure, whether Vir'^ins married Women ; fuch as they liked they took jjthouc Controul \ and it is probable, they as little filrained their Luft in other Places*, for the Breed them is fcattered all over India \ neither are there Jy People of more diti'crenc Complexions than that Race, even from the Coal-olack to a light fawncy, Thefe Iniuiics exafpeia^ed the Native Vol. II. ' M Ma- ^1 = 'iifi! # <,; I ^lii '( ' M I i 1-1 ir^ i- f: -f!l 162 Moors and Chincfe Merchants at Malacca. An, i6^S. Malayans here who joyning with the Dutch, 35 ^''^V'^ have been informed, found Means to betray to chcr their inlblent Mafters the Portugucfe: than \v!io;t there are not a more defpicable People now inai| the Eajlern Nations : and of all they once poll they have now only Goa left, of any Place of Con fequence. I'he Dutch are now Mailers of moll oi the Places they were once poiieft of ; and parties hirly this of Malacca. Malacca is a Place of no great Trade, yet then are feveral Moors Merchants always refiding herel Thefe have Shops of Wares, luch as come fium.Vfrj • rat, and the Coaft of Coromaiidel and Benzol. Til Chinefe alfo are feated here, who bring the Commol dities of their Country hither, efpccially Tea, Sii gar-candy, and other Sweet-meats. Some of theis keep Tea-houfes, where for a Stiver, a Man hasnei a Pint of Tea, and a little Porrenger of Siigar-anj dy, or other Sweet- meats, if he pleafcs. Otheru them are Butchers : their chief FleHi is Pork, whid you may have very reafonably, either frefh or lalil cd : Neither are you defired to take any particulji Piece, but they will cut a Piece at one Place, anj the like at another, either fat or lean, as you vvcjI have it. Others among thefe Chincfi: are Tradcs-ped pie ; and they are all in general vei y induftrious, bij withal extraordinary Gamefters : and if they vl get any to play with them, all Bufinefs mud fubm) to that. This Town is plentifully llored with Fidi ailij When the Filhermen come in, they all refort ro| Place built purpofely for the Sale of them. Therf are Soldiers v/alting, who take the belt for tlj Officers of the Fort •, whether they pay for it, that 'tis a Toll of Cuftom belonging to the Gove nor I know not -, but after they are fervcd, rcil are fold to any who will buy. I'he m.i!| Out-cry of Fifh. The Fruit Sy 5cc. 163 Lr of felling is thus : The Fifli which every Man An. i588: Ljni^s in is Ibrttd, yet a!l Ibid by the Lump .it once, '-^'V^ hnthe manner of an Outcry or Audion, but not by yfinn', but lowering the Price : for there is one ap- pointed for this Sale, who fets the firft Price higher Ln the Value of the Fifli, and fiilJs by Degrees, the Price feems reafonable : then one or other t)ijvs. But thefe firft Bargains are commonly bjjTht by the Fifli-wives, who retail them out a- bin, Oyfters are in great Plenty here, and very |ooi when they are ialt j but fometimes they are frelh and unfiivory. As for other Provifions, their Rice is brought to \km from abroad. Such Fruits as they have are niich the fame as I have already defcribed and are pner to the Climate, as Plantains, Bonanoes, ine-apples. Oranges, Water-melons, PumpJe-no- fcs, Mango's, ^c. but thefe arc only in their Gar- liens, in no great Plenty ; and the Country is all co- le.ed with Wood, like one Foreft : and mod of W Walking-Canes ufed in EnglatiJ, are brought from thence. I'hey have alfo a few Cattle, Bul- locks, and Horfes, ^c. having but little Pafturage, I'jtgood Store of tame Fowl, Ducks, and Poultry. fhe principal Perfon in the Town is the Sbabandcr^ i Dutch man, next in Power to the Governour, who Ives in the Forj, and meddles not with Trade, ihich is the Sbahander^s Province, who feems to be [hietiy concerned about the Cuiloms of Goods. This Town has no great Trade, by what ^ oiLi fee, but it feems to be defignedly built to Mnmand the PafTage of Shipping, going this way it'i} more Eajlc^ii Nations. Not but that Ships Hr/ pafs fir enough out of reach of their Cannon ; I'j: Guard-Ships belonging to the Town, and ^ying ithcRcid, may hinder others from palling. How '■'f Porttip-fi managed their Alfairs I know not : M 2 but f •»' lit. I ^ il i , ki '11 164 Pepper at Jihorc.^ Dutch Gttard-fljip. An. r688 but the Butch commonly keep a GuarcUfhip here J ^•^"Y^^ and I have been told they require a certain Dutyj of all Veflels that pafs this way, the Zr,"7;^;/V//j onlyl excepted : for all Ships touch at this Place, e!V cially for Wood, Water, and Refrefliment. Two Days after oui* Arrival here, the Banijh Shipl came alio to an Anchor •, but reporting thar thivl were bound to Jibore, to lade Pepper, the DuiiA told them it was but in vain for them to (eck al Trade there ; for that the King of J'ibcr,\ hada- greed with the Dutch to trade only with them •, and that to fecurc that Trnde, they had a Guard-Oiipl lying there. I had this Account from the SurgeonJ Mr. CoppitJger, who feemed a little concerned at it: becaufe when he told me this, he could not tell] whether they fhould proceed thither or no j but! they did go thither, a«id found all this a Sham, andl traded there to their own and the Natives SaiiJ fadlion, as he told me the next time I met him. This of Jibore being but a fmall Kingdom on t'-.e! fame Malacca Coall, 'tis not of Strength fufficientl to refill the Power of tht Dutch : neither could :;j benefit the Dutch to take it, fhould they attempt itj for the People would probably forfake it, andil would be too great a Charge for the Dutch to fcttlel it themfelves. And therefore they only endcavo'J to ingrofs the Pepper Trade •, and it is probable e-f nough that the Dutch might fomctimes keep i| Guard-fhip there, as they do at other Places, para- cularly at ^(ecla, Pulo Duiding^ ^c. For where therej is any Trade to be had, yet not fuflicient to ma tain a Factory ; for where there may not be a con! venient Place to build a Fort, fo as to fecureti^q whole Trade to themfelves, they fend their Guardj fhips, which lying at the Mouth of the Rivers^ dm Strangers from coming thither, and keep the petii Princes in awe of them. They commonly makci im on M The Malayans exafperated by the Dutch. 1^5 ; „icw as if they did this out of Kindnefs to thofe^^J^i^* topic ; yet mod of tliem know othcrwifc, but dare "^^'^^ ot openly refentit. This probably caufes fo many i;[ty Kobberics and Piracies as are committed by he UAla^jans on this Coad. Tlie Malayans, who habit on botii fides the Strcights of Malacca, are ncrenerai a bold People, and yet I do not Hnd nny f [hem addided to Robbery, but only the pi.'fer- iff poorer Sort, and even thel'e feverely puniH^cd a- uuiig the trading Malayans, v/ho love I'rade and ropcrty. But b^-ing thus provoked by the Dutch, iij liindred of a free Trade by their Guard-fhips, it IS probable, they therefore commit Piracies them- [eivcs, or connive at and incourage thofe who do. othat the Pirates who lurk on this Coaft, fecm :o do i; as much to revenge thcmfelves on the ^utihy for reftraining their Trade, as to gain this ivwhac they cannot obtain in way of 7'raffick. But to return to our Concerns here. I have faid rcddy, that we had only three or four hundred oand of Opium in Goods, the rell was in ?4oney othe Value of 2000 Dollars in the whole: but Ivcdid not pretend that we came hither purpofely trade, but that finding our Veflel unfit for the h, wc put in here to mend and repair her. Leave as granted us for this -, and I orepared to hale our elTu alhore, at the V/eft-^na of the Town, not ar from the fmall Fort. It is there foft Oazy round, near a Mile olT Siiore, and it d\. -^ns cry leifurcly, being Shole Water jull by the -lore ; and when the Tide goes out, it leaves the ■izdry a Qiiarter of a Mile from the Shore : but a Hie from Shore, you have clean Sand, and about our Fathom 11 1 low Water. Our Velfel floated in loleto the Fort, and lay not twenty Yards from it, Nat low Water it funk down into the Mud : that ce could not fit the After-part, as I. would M j have ;* ff ' f m\i II \i \ i'i ; i66 ' Trade <>/ Opium, ^^epper and Spice. >»»^i688.have done. Optum^ which is much ufed by (?z Malayans in moft Places, was a great Commodity here at this Time : but it is prohibited Good? and therefore tho' many asked for it, wc were fcv of having it too openly known that we had anv, But" in fliort, Mr. Coventry foimd a Ciiftomcr, and they found means to get it afliore, while the Soldi- ers of the Fort were at Dinner. The Cuftomer was a Dutch Man ; and the Price he was to pay for it was as much as he was worth : and finding ic tol be naught, he would have been off his Bargain; and when Mr. Coventry would not releafe him, 1: abfcondcd. But Mr. Coventry having an Inicn- in the Shahander, he compell'd the Man's Wife d pay for the Opium^ under the Name of Gold-, fui fo Mr. Coventry cali'd it. The Shabander chid M Coventry for fmuggling with an Inferiour, when I might have done it better with him -, but flood hii Friend in compelling the Woman, though unjiillly to pay for the Opium. I faw this 'Diitch-x^'m o board his own VclTel, when he had bought tb Opium^ and he v;as very penfive and fad. He h a pretty fine Houfe without the Gates, and a Gir- i'>!'H'^^'' Ought a Imall V« ^ill l The Author departs from Malacca. 169 An. 1688. CHAP. IX. \k Author departs from Malacca. They lofe ^ Jardy and return to refit. They fet out again', and run on a Shole, but get off with the Floods puloSambilong. They lofe their Alizen yardy and put into Piili-) Diiidinir. The IJland and ^ort defer i bed'-, The oppofiteCoaft. Tiitancg, 0. Sort of Tin. The Enmity between the Dutch km, and the Malayans on the Coaft. A Ren- counter with them. They leave Pulo Dinding and arrive at A chin. The Efcape of fome En!j;li(h 'Prifoners out (?/Bcnga!. The Author jl'ts out izainfrom Acliin, and arrives at Fort 5t Gev.v:;v:. Its pleafant Trofpe^. He goes tijence to Bcncoiili in Sumatra. Its Sight at dea. 'Point of 5)illabar. The Situation of Ecn- coL^i, Moufes, Weather^ Soil, Fruit s. Animals^ and Inhabitants. The ^Pepper Trade here and (Ifiii'here. The firfl Settlement of /^^ Englilh hire. The Fort, and Ufage of the Natives, The Conclufion of the Supplement. JTE departed from Malacca towards Achm about '» the Middle of November i6S<^. iSAv. Coventry '■^ weary of Captain Minchin's Company, had light a Imall Vtflel of 7 or 8 Tuns, and laded r alfo with the fcime Kind of Goods. This he mmanded himfelf, having a Portuguefe Pilot, and or 4. Mariners under him, and we fet out both ps in Company together. We had now in 'aptain Mifh'bm''s Ship but 2 white Men, the Cap- "1 and I, the Boatfwain being gone with Mr. \': ■Ir :r m \iM'' nmx'. .%,< I'li^b .;!^nivh too i and too long for us. This Piece 1 Ihortned and iliaj J to my Mind, and by twelve a Clock at Night, iJ it tixed and flung, rigg'd and the Sail bent 10 it. Then we weighed again having:; a fmall Land Wini] but the Tide of Flood was .\gainfl: us, and drovci to the Eaftward. When the Ebb came we jogd on, and got about three Leagues, anchoring v:{ the Flood came, hecaufe the Winds were againii:; Thus we continued plying with the F-bb, and anc: ring every Flood, till we came to Pul'oFarJelon'^ vki the Captain told me he would not go out the \i way we came in, as I would have perluaded l.im, kept the Malacca Shore aboard, and part '.v.tli the Sholes. But in a few Hours after wc ran up a Shole, dri\"en on it by the Tide of Flood, wf here fet to the Eaftward, tho' by our reckuningj Ihoald have been half Ebb, and the Flood Ihoii have fet Weftward, as we had it all the reft ot way from Malacca: but the Sholes probably cai;!| fome whirling about of the Tide. However, the:;i we were ftuck upon was not above 100 1^ .in Circumference, and the Flood being rii'ig \ ...ii p. Sambilon?:. P. Dinding. 171 lirfd the 'I'iinc of high Water, and then drove ^»^i<^8?. trit, havin^i; k'nt our hoit to difcover how the oles I;iy, while our Ship was a-ground : Mr. 7'^/- tri; all the while being in great Fear, left the Ma^ kr.t fhould conic olf in ihcir Boats and attack Veifel. IWe were now afloat again, and loon got without the Sholes : yet we did not Hand over towards L;/m7, but coafted along ncarcll the Malacca. icrc, it being now nioft proper for us fo to do yet ; Ir having the Winds welleriy, we could not have ;2t under the other Shore. 2 or 3 Days after this had figl.t of fomc Idands called Piilo Sambilong^ lichinthe Malayan Language fignifies nine Iflands, tre being fo many of them, lying fcattering at Icqual Diftances from each other. It was near one thclc Iflands, that Captain Mincbin in a former oyage was like to loofe his Hand by a Prick with a k-filhcs Fin, as I have faid in my former Vol. p. 1 49. lii'no' his Fland was cured, yet he has loft the ufe lirevcr fince ; and is never likely to regain it more. [We ftood in pretty near the Shore, in Hopes to iin a frcfh Fand Wind. About ten a Clock the pd Wind came off, a gentle Breeze, and we coaft- along the Shore. But a fmall Tornado coming from the Shore about Midnight, we broke our lizen Yard, and being near a Dutch Ifland called p Bindiu^^^ wc made in for it, and anchored there |c Night enfuing, and found there a Butch Sloop, lann'd with about thirty Soldiers, at an anchor. ' f iiis is a fm.ill Idand lying fo nigh the Main, that hips piifnng by cannot know it to be an Ifland. 13 precty high Land and weft watered with Brooks. lie Mould is blackifli, deep and fat in the lower ground; but the Hills are fomewhat rocky, yet iu ^nerai very wocdy. The Trees are of divers Sorts, Isny of which are good Timber, and large enough jrany Ufe. Here are alfo fome good for Mafts and Yards i S: \m ; I U f| ■.; rj ;i ! 1 'H 1 I'^i V:^ \ I ' i^j'iiil^-i I 172 TZ'^ jR?r/ and Banqueting lionfe. 'An. 1688. Yards •, they being naturally light, yet tough A ^^'V'^ ferviccablc. There is [^ood Riding on the Ivilt-fiJ bewecn the Ifland and the Main. You may coir] in with the Sea Breezr, and go out with a Uj Wind, there is Water enough, and alccurc IlarboJ The Dutd\ who are th- only Inliabitants, luvei Fort on the Fail- fide, dole by the Sea, in a Ben ing of the Ifland, which makes a fmallCovei Ships to antlior Ji. The Fort is built 4 IquarJ without Flankers or B.ulions, like a Houfc: cvt:l Square is r.bout ten or twelve Yards. The wj are of a good Thicknels, made of Stone, andar,-] cd up to a good Heighth, of about thirty Foot, a.i covered over Mead like a dwelling Iloufe. Tid may be about twelve or fourteen Guns in it, Ion looking out at every Square. Thcfe Guns are mouni!| on a llrong Platform, made within the Walls, abo fixtee-^ Foot high i and there are Steps on the OJ fide to afcend to the Door that opens to the PiJ form, there being no other way into the Fort. Hcij is a Governour and about twenty or thirty SoLlicri who all lodge in the Fort. The Soldiers havctliti Lodging in the Platform among the Gun% bun Governour has a fair Chamber above it, where lies with fome of the Officers. About a hund Yards from the P'ort on the Bay by the Sea, there a low timbered I loufe, where the Governour abiiij all the Day Time. In this Houfe there were r*j or three Rooms for their Ufe, but the chicfelhvj the Govcrnour*s Dining-Room. This fronted to tj Sea, and the End of it looked towards the Foj There were two large Windows of about fcveni eight Foot fquare •, the lower part of them aboJ four or five Foot from the Ground. Thefe Windosj were wont to be left open all the Day, to let ini refrefhing Breeze \ but in the Night, when theGj vernour withdrew to the Fort, they vvcre doll with flrong Shutters, and the Doors made tall I 1 jtancg a fort of Tin, \j\ next day. The Continent of Malacca op-^„. ,^89^ [lite to the in and, is pretty low champion Land, ./"V*^ jihcd with lofty Woodii •, and rit.^ht ngainll the [y where the Dutch Fort Hands, tlicic is a naviga- jt River for fniall Craft. iTlicprodiidi of the Country thereabouts, befidcs .ind other Eatables, is '•Vutami^ a iort ot "Im \ llhifik courfer than ours. I'lie Natives are Ma- ||.;i'.(, who, as I have always obfcrved, are bold treacherous : yet the Trading People are atfa- .mvl courteous to Merchants. iThcfc are in all rt fpeds, as to their Religion, jiitom, 4nd manner of Living, like other Ma- nii. Whether tliey arc governed by a King or L or what other manner of Government they |c under, 1 know not. They have Canoas and at3 oF their own, and with thefe they fifli and \Mi among themfelves : but the Tin Trade is jit which has formerly drawn Merchant Strangers ttiier. But tho' the Country might probably yield tat qiiiintities of this Metal, and the Natives are only inclinable, but very defirous to trade with rangers, yet are they now retrained by the p, who have monopoliz'd that Trade to thcm- fes. It was probably for the lucre of this Trade ^t the Dnkb built the Fort on the Ifland ; but this wholly anfwering their ends, by reafon of the lance between it and the Rivers mouth, which [about 4 or 5 Miles, they have alio a Guard-fliip imonly lying here, and a Sloop with 20 or 30 ned Men, to hinder other Nations from this Me. For this Tuiaucg or Tin is a valuable Com- lity in the Bay of Bengal, and here purchafed [fonably, by giving other Commodities in ex- mge: neither is this Commodity peculiarly found ^cibouts, but farther Northerly alfo on the Coail i particularly in the Kingdom of ^^eda there is lich ot it: The Dutcb alfo commonly keep a Guard- 11 /» h K ' M. it ,i u IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 1.25 1^ 128 12.5 ■U lU 12.2 lu ... Pi us ■ 40 VM ^l *^^.A' '^ 'V' y /^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 4^ ^ ^ d iV \\ [V ... * 6^ 33 WEST MAIN STRiET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) 873-4503 ) h o ;\ «V Il < !■■!■ 1 74 All Trovijions imported to P. Dindin^^ 'An. j688.Guaid-fhip, and have made fome fruitlefs EfTavs ^•OP^ bring that Prince and his Subjeds to trade \;ni with them ; but here ovcragainft P. Dindm Strangers dare approach to Trade ; neither mar^ Ship come in hither but with confent of the /ijffl Therefore as foon as we came to an Anchor the Eaft-end oT the Ifland, we fent our Boat a-llio to the Governour, to delire leave to wood, wattj and cut a new Mizen-yard. He granted our queft, and the Boat returned again aboard, brought word alfo that Mr. Coventry touched ho to water, and went out that Morning. Thei Morning betimes Crlptain Minchin fent *ie a-fiio to cut a Yard. I applyed my felf to the Gov nour, and defired one ot his Soldiers mightgoi me, and (hew me the beft Timber for that ulJ but he excufed himfclf, faying, that his SoldJ were all bufie at prcfent, but that I might go cut any Tree that I lik'd. So I went into the Woo where I faw abundance of very fine (Irait Trees,; cut down fuch a one as I thought fit for my Tun and cutting it of a juft length, and Gripping off Bark, I left it ready to be fetcht away, and reiurnj to the Fort, where I dined with the Governour. ^ fently after Dinner, our Captain, with Mr. Rich and his Wife came a-fhore, and I went aboi The Governour met them at Landing, and condu cd them into the Dining-Room I fpoke of, wb they treated the Governour with Punch, madcl Brandy, Sugar, and Lime-juice, which they brouj with them from aboard : for here is nothing, fo much as the Governour*s Drink, but wharl brought from Malacca : no Herbs or Fruit gro? here : but all is either fetch'd from Malacca^ o\\ brought by the Malayans from the Main. It is through any fferility in the Soil, for that is vn fat and fruitful : neither is it through lazinefsi the Dutch, for that is a Vice they arc not guilty i An Alarm from the Malayans. 175 it is from a continual fear of the Malayans , With An. i68t jm tho' they have a Commerce, yet dare they noc them To tar, as to be ranging about the Ifland [ly work of Husbandry, or indeed to go far from Fort, for there only they are fafe. But to urn to the Governour, he, to retalliate the ptiins and Mr. Richard* ^ kindnefs, fent a Boat [filhing, to get fome better Entertainment for Guefts, than the Fort yielded at prcfcnt. out four or five a-Clock the Boat returned with )od Di(h of Fifh. Thcfe were immediately & for Supper, and the Boat was fent out again ectmore, for Mr. Richanh and his Ludy to carry Dard with them. In the mean time the Food brought into the Dining-Room, and placed the 'I'ublc. The Difhes and Plates were of ver, and there was a Silver Punch-Bowl full of pr. The Governour, his Guefls, and fome of |Officers were feated, but juft as they began to fall one of the Soldiers cried out, Malayans^ and IiiI'd the Entertainment •, for immediately the Got nour, without fpeaking one word, leapt out of of the Windows, to get as foon as he could to I Fort. His Officers followed, and all the Servants k attended were foon in Motion. Every one of p took the neareft way, fome out of the Win- ers, others out of the Doors, leaving the 3 Guefts |themfclVes, who foon followed with all the hafte could make, without knowing the meaning of ifudden Confternation of the Governour and his Jple. But by that time the Captain and Mr. Ri- irds and his "Wife were got to the Fort, the Go- fnour, who was arrived before, ftood at the door receive them. As foon as they were entred the re, the Door was fhut, all the Soldiers and Ser- ins being within already : nor was any Man fuf- Ed to fetch away the Viduah, or any of the Itc : but they fired fcvcral Guns to give notice i 4 J' 19 t u Lc ' j » 176 Indians loth to fight in the Rain, 'An. 1688^ CO the Malayans that they were ready for the "^^^"^ but none of them came on. For this Uproa occafioned by a Malayan Canoa full of armed that lay flculking under the Ifland, clofe by Shore : and when the Dutch Boat went out the cond time to filli, the Malayans fet on them fi denly, and uncxpeded, with their Creflets Lances, and killing one or two, the reft leapt ovi board, and got away, for they were clofe by Shore •, and they having no Arms were not able have made any reliftance. It was about a from the Fort: and being landed, every one them made what hafte he could to the Fort, the firft that arrived was he who cried in that m; ner, and frighted the Governour from Sup Our Boat was at this rime arlhore for water, was filling it in a fmall Brook by the Banqueiti houfe. I know not whether our Boats Crew t notice of the Alarm, but tht Dutch call'd to thci and bid them make hafte aboard, which they dii and this made us keep good watch all Night, havi all our Guns loaden and primed for Service. Bu rained fo hard all the night, that I did not m fear being attack'd by any Malayan •, being infoi ed by one of our Sea-men, whom we took in Malacca, that the Malayans feldom or never m; any attack when it rains. It is what I had befc obferved of other Indians, both Eaft and fVefl: tho* then they might make their Attacks with greateft advantage on Men armed with Handgui yet I never knew it pradifed; at which I wondered ; for it is then we moft fear them, they might then be moft fuccefsful, becaafe tl Arms, which are ufuaHy Lances and Creflets, w! thefe Malayans had, could not be damaged by Rain, as our Guns would be. But they cannor dure to be in the Rain : and it was in the Eveni before the Rain fell, that they aflfaulted The Author's laft Arrival at Achin. 177 ^ii) Boat. The next Morning the "Dutch Sloop ''»• 1689, Thed, and went to look after the Malayans \ but ^O^^Nj nng failed about the Ifland, and feeing no Enc- s, they anchored again. I alfo fent Men alhore lour Boat to bring off the Mizen-yard that I had : the Day before: But it was fo heavy a kind of nber, that they could not bring it out of the foods. Captain Mincbin was ftill afliore, and he Dg acquainted with it, defircd the Governour to la Soldier, to (hew our Men what Trees were for our uie : Which he did, and they prefently ;a fmall Tree, about the bignefs and length of It which I cut, and brought it aboard. I imme- [tcly went to work, and having fitted it for ufc, Dt my Sail, andhoifed it up in its place. In the rening Captain Mincbin and Mr. Richards and his (it'e came aboard, having (laid one Night at the :•, and told mc all that hapned to them ^(hore. ^Ve ROW waited only for a Land V/ind to carry out. The former part of the Night wc had much jin, with Thunder and Lightning •, but no Wind. one a-Clock we had a fmall Land Wind, and got our Anchors. We got out before Day clear of Ifland, and we (leered a-long fhore to the North- ed, intending to keep thislhore aboard for 20 or (Leagues farther, if the Winds did not favour us ; [the Sea Winds were now at N. W. This Day we btnear the (hore, and the Night enfuing ; but the (tDay the Wind coming at N.and N. N. E. we over for Sumatra^ and the next Evening we by Diamond Point : And the Wind coming at N.E. we got, in about 2 Days more to Achin^ ^utthe end of November 1689. lere we found ^v, Coventry^ who had got hither |r 3 Days before us. Captain Mincbin went afliore [h his Paflengers, and was difcharged of jiis Com- |nd. I kept aboard till all the Goods were unhi- \) and then lay afliore, and was very fick for a N Forr- Vh ; 4 'TV ( I ) i.."^ . i';v"'Rj'!: 178 TiCWCQViM Fort defer ibfd. K3l)3!s ahus'd, jin. itfQo.Fortnight of a kind of Fever. But after ChrifumA V-'^^Y^^was fent aboard again, by order of Mr. Cov:ntr[ who had then bought out Mr. DaIton*s and Captl ler*s Shares, to take the Charge of the Veflel, whiJ he had then l.ided with Pepper, Cubebs (which Ithinl grow fomewhere in Sumatra) and Tutanegg^ which 1 bought of an Ejiglifi VefTel that came from ^udi\ Ach'in i and with thefc ht had ahb feme of our A/^j.';.-; Cargo, which we kept on board, "y/z. Rattans; Walking-Canes. With this Cargo we were bouiJ for Fort ?i\.. Georgr. We took in alio 2 ?2}iglifn Vm gets, who had cfcapM out of Prifon in the Mj^A Country. The one bclong'd to \.\\tt Defence, Zi^ 7/?rt/^'sShip, which I came home to Eaglayuih aftj wards -, he was Purfer of it : tiic other was a Midll'ji man in the Princefs Ann^ which retiirn'd to Eu^.n^ the fame Time. But during our War with the Afi thefe Ships had been in the Bay of Boigal^ to fetch] way our Effcdls from the R. of Hugly. Thefe 2 Mtj with 2 or 3 others, wentafhore upon fome Ocafioj and were taken Prifoners by the Mogul' ^ Subjpdj who fent them a great way up into the Counti] where they were kept in clofe Cuftody, andoftj threatned with Death. The old Jimbcb, or Govj noar of the Province, being removM, andancwc <.oming thither, he relenfed thefe Men, and gave tag leave to go to the Sea- fide, where finding a D.''.j Ship bound to Batavia^ thefe :. and one morr, r .'.board her, the reft getting other Paflage : Bur meeting with that Eriglip Ship coming ivom^^in V. hich brougiit the Ti!// i 11 < :j:,V •»!«• 182 Tepper, its Growth and Trade. ^jtn. \C<)o Iji the Eajl-India Companies Service, to work them : but the Country People are moft Husban, men. They plant Roots, Rice, Pcppcr-bufhes, yj Pepper is the cnicf vendible Commodity in tij Country, it thrives very well on all the Coifj but the grcated quantity of what is exported fr) hence, iscither brought down this River out of tj Country, or fetched from Sillabar^ or other pb bordering on the Si-a in fm.dl Veflels. Pepper groJ plenty in other places of this IQand •, as at Indr.:::i\ Pau^afaniim, Jamby^ Bancalis, t^c. It grows all') the Illand Java., on the Coall of Malacca^ Mx..i:i CochifKhlnciy ^c. The Coall of A/j/t/ W is laid i produce the bed •, or at lead there the Natives tii| mod care to have the bed, by letting it grow till is full ripe ; for which reafon it is larger and b;:j than here, where th(^y gather it too foon, to avc lofing any : for as foon as it grows ripe *tis ap!i Ihed, and fall in wade to the ground. It was the Pepper Trade iliat drew our Eu^i Merchants to fettle here. ¥ox a.\ict Bautam waslof our EngliJJj, who were wont to trade thkherfJ this Spice, were at a great lofs to regain thePepp^ Trade, which now was in a manner fallen with other forts of Spice into the hands of the Dutch: U the Pepper which we were wont to fetch from H tdin did not all grow on this Ifland Java^ nor pcrhil the tenth part of it; for as I have been informed came mod from Sumatra, particularly from fi.'/.vfJ.'j and the adjacent parts. For this Reafon it behovf our Merchants to get an Intered here to propi their declining Trade. Yet, as I have been tolil the fucccfs was more owing to the Natives of tli place than themfclvesi for that fome of the M of the Country fcnt Amba,fladors to Fort St. (;•'/ to invite the Engiijh hither to take polTeflion, fore the Dutch fliould get it •, who are never llackJ promote their Intered, and v/ere now letting o{ The As final departure frori Achin. 1 1 j the fame dcfign. But however that were, the -^^ '690. J'lJ) had the good fortune ro get hither firft : *"00^ ough fo narrowly, that the D///r/j were within an ace preventing them, their vShips being in fight before jrMcn got afhore. But the Dutch coming thus too tf, were put by their defigns ; for the EngHJIj im- fdialdy got afhore fome Guns, and flood ready to ftcnd their intercft. This might happen about the tar 1685, as I was informed •, for they told me it . as 5 or 6 Years before I came hither : and the Eng- '!' immediately fortified tlumfclves. The Fort, as aid before, fronts to the Sea, andflands about 100 Cfs from the River. There has been a great deal foft bcflowed on it, but to little purpofc -, for sthf mofl irregular piece I ever law. I told the Go* rnour the beft way was to new- model it, and face with Stone or Brick, either of wliich might be eafily cj. Hcfaid he likedmy Counfel, but being faving r the Company, he rather chok* toiepair it, by the liking loir.c Alterations • but ftiil to as little pur- (r, for 'twas all made ground, and having no h- gto keep it up, 'twoultl moulder away every wet lion, and the Guns often fall down into the Ditches. Whit was pofTiblc to be done I endeavoured to do Ifii'e I was there. I made the Bp ft ions as regular as Guild upon the Model they v/crc made by : And kreas tlie Fort was defigned to be a Pentagone^ d there were but 4 of the Baflions made, I flaked t ground for a 5th, and drew a Plan of ir, idi I gave the Government -, and had I flaid ger I tliould have made up the other Baftion t It the whole Plan is too big by half for fo forry a rrifon ; and the befl: way of mending it, is to de- ilh all of it, and make a new one. The Fort was but forrily governed when I was ic; nor was there that care taken to keep a fair irefpondtnce with the Natives in the Neighbour- oJ a*. I think ought to be, in all Trading places e- fpecially. r If-. .. ■>•! I, « IS4 Cock Figlt trig. Conclufion \ n ■ i BIB I'lljl III 1 ^H ■Ml HI 1 .ifff. 1673. H y : n cx^V^vj 1 ■ IHM B '1 ■> M H v 1 1 1 1 i Mi 1 ^H Ji 1; H 1 1' 1 I' il 'if' N 1 H|: 1 i| 1 ''^711^991 h mi 1 Hj^ : i'lslj^l f :'!^;^J J !| jlpi 1 1 ''^\ 1 ' ^^^^B ^^1 1 III ^H } ■ ! i 1 ^^^^1 ! . : 1 ! ■ HH| ■ ' 1* !!■ Il ^M |; r ' ^H i H Il 1; fl/* Campcachy. His anchoring at OnQ-l\}!i^\ Key, and Entertainment among the LogwooA cutters. The efcafe of fourEn^Vitti Trijonirl jfr^w Mexico, ^W Campeachy. He retur for Jamaica, and is chafed by two Spani!!] Fejfels. The difficulty of their Taffage kci ana his failing foul of the Alcrancs IJles, 71^ Boobies and Egg-Birds there, &c. Sword-Fij Nurfes, Seals, &c. OfCaptainLono^ andothA Ship-wrack d here. The Sounding hereakm Hepaffeth through the Colorado ShoaU^ m anchors near Cape «5V. Antonio /»Cubajj« coafting by the Ifland cf Pines, anchors awl IJland ^/ Grand Kay man. He goes back &% anchors at Ifland Pines, its TroduSf^Kxm Land-Crabs J fierce Crocodiles, Cattle, &c. ftands off to Sea again, and with the hdjn a feafonable North Wind, ajter much difjSa ty, arrives ^f Jamaica. AMong other Tilings referred to in my fcj mcr Volume, I mentioned an Acco I intended to give of the Bay of C« peachy, where I lived firft and laft about 3 Ye I fhall now difcharge my felf of that Promife ; becaufemy Campeacby Voyages were in order otTii before diat Round theJVorld^ I fhall upon thisi fion go fo far back as to fpeak briefly of my firft" ing to Sea, and the Rambles I made nil my feta cur for Campeachy. My Friends did not originally defign me fori Sea, but bred me at School till I came to Yearj| for a Trade. But upon the Death of my Fad and Mother, they who had the difpofal me, took! thcr Meafures ; and having removed me fromr Laiin School to learn JVriting and Jrithmeiick, The Author's fir ft going to Seal $ on after placed me with a Matter of a Ship at-'*- >675* fimoutby complying with the Inclinations I had **Or*^ ery early of feeing the fVorld : With him I made [Ihort Voyage to France : and returning thence, jt to Nezufoundland, being then about eighteen jfcars of Age. In this Voyage I fpent one Summer -, lit fo pinched with the rigour of that cold Climate, it upon my return I was abfolutely againft going thole parts of the Worlds but went home again I my Friends. Yet going up a while after to Lori' % the olier of a warm Voyage and a long one, both |hich I always defined, foon carried me to Sea a- ^in. For hearing of an outward-bound Eafi-India ian, the John and Martha of London^ Captain ir)Mi Commander. I entered my felf aboard, bd was employed before the Maft, for which my no former Vo'jagei had fome way qualified me. h went dirediy for Bantam in the Ifle of Java^ y (laying there about two Months, came home tain in little more tlian a Year ; touching at St. p^5of the Cape Veni Iflands at our going out, and /Ij'cenfion m our return. In this Voyage I gained ore Experience in Navigation, but kept no Jour- We arrived at Plymouth about two Months be- |re Sir Robert Holmes went out to fall upon the i//i Smyrna Fleet : and the fecond Dutch Wars [eaking out upon this, I forbore going to Sea that Immer, retiring to my Brother in Somerfellhirc, ^t growing weary if ftaying afhore, I lifted my on board the R'yal Prince^ commanded by Sir )tj:a.rdSprague^ a. ■ ferved under h"m in the Year rj, being the .aft of the D'ltch IVar, We had ree Engagements tliat Sumnwr •, I was in two of Em, but falling very fick, 1 was put aboard an Qfpical Ship a Day or two before the third En- jement, feeing it at a diitancc only i and in this Edward Sprague was killed. Soon after I was A a 2 fent .?^ ' . Ilii^- li. !':( Vl\ ^ i' }\ ', 4 The Author's firfi Voyage to the Wcft-Indics, jtn. 1674 fcnt to flarivicb with the reft of the Sic'k and/T^aa ^/"W^^J: And having languifhed a great while, I wen home to my Brother to recover my Health. By this time the War with the Dulch was conclu' cd •, and with my Health, I recovered my oldlncl nation for the Sea. A neighbouring Gentleini Colonel tieliier of Eajl-Cocker in Somerfetjh'ire^ mi Native Pari Hi, n .dc me a fcafonable Offer lo and manage a Pl.jiration of his in Jamaica^ und one Mr. tVhalley ; for which Place I fee out wij Capt. Kent in the Content of London. I was then about 22 Years old, and had never bci in the JVefi- Indies \ and therefore, left I might trepann'd and fold as a Servant after my Arrival Jamaica^ I agreed with Captain Kent to work as Seaman for my Paflage, and had ir under his Hai to be cleared at our Hrft Arrival. We failed out the River I'hcwica in the Beginning of the YcariC and meeting with favourable Winds, in a lliorcTii got into the Trade-wind, and went merrily alon ftccring for the Ifiand Barhadoes. When we can in fight of it Captain Kent told his Pafiengers, they would pay his Port-Charges he would and in the Road, and ftop whilft they got RefreHime But the Merchants not caring to part with th Money, he bore away, directing his Courfe towaij Jamaica. The next Ifland that appeared in our viewwasi Lucia. 'Tis diftant from Barbadoes about 30 Lead and very wealthy in large Timber Trees fit tori ufes. For this Reafon 'tis often vifited by the glifljy who ftock themfelves here with Rollers, i'hey have endeavoured to fettle an Englilh Cji there, but hitherto unfuccefsfully, becaule of| Carihbc-Indians. The Carihhees are a fort of Warlike Indiana, lipihtino; to rove on the Sea in Periagoes or \i\ Canoas. Their chiefeft Habitations arc on CarMe- Indians, IMain » but at certain Seafons of the Year they vifit ^n^l6^i^.: tie Iflands for their Pleafure. Barbadoes was for- nerly much frequented by them ; but fince the F»^/(/& fettled there they have been forced to ibindon it, and content thcmfelves in their Sea- I'oyages, or with fuch Iflands only as are not alTeflecl by the Europeans •, except where they ivc hopes of conquering i as they have done at , Lucia. Near the Main where thefe Indians live, lies Xihio^ which, when it was firll fettled by the pK/ii, was much infefled by them. Thefe /«- Jjk;, as I have heard, had formerly Plantations In mod of the Caribbe-Illands ; and in their Sea- \i'im did ufe to remain three Weeks or a Month a Time on an If.md, and then remove to ano- lier; and fo vifit mod of them before their return I the Main. St. Vincent is another of thefe Iflands lying near \,L(da : We palTed between them; and feeing [Smoke on St. Lucia^ wc fentour Boat afliore there. |ur Men found fome of the Caribbclndians^ and Bught of them Plantains, Bonanoes, PineApples, pSugar-Canes \ and returning aboard again, there ^evvith them aCanao witli 3 or 4 of the Indians, [hefc often repeated the Word Captain JVarncr^ |d feemcd to, be in fome difquict about him. We not then- underftand the meaning of it ; but b I have been informed that this Captain JVar- r, whom they mentioned, was born at AntegOy p of OUT Engitjfj Iflands, and the Son of Gover- W l/armr^ by an Indian lVo?nan, and bred up by ! Father after the Englijh manner •, he learned the ^'M Language alfo ot his Mother •, but being Nnup, and finding himfelf defpifed by his En- p Kindred, he foiloo)c bis Father's Houfe, got [ay to St. Lucia, and there lived among the Ca- jklmliansy his Relations by the Mother Side. A a :; Where '^' ,v ! ■ 1 ! ■■■ m ..fv i -i 6 Indian Warner killed. 'An. 1674, "Where conforming himfelf to their Cuftoms he b^ ^■*^V^^^ came one of their Captains, and roved from one I- fland to another, as they did. About this Time the Caribbees had done fome fpoil on our Engli/h Plan. rations at Antego : and therefore Governour PP'ar. ner^s Son by his Wife took a Party of Men and went to fupprefs thofe Indians, and came to the Place where his Brother the Indian-Warner \mi Grc;ic feeming Joy there was at their Meeting i bu! how far it was real the Event (hewed ♦, for the £);•' glilh-Warner providing plenty of Liquor, and invi *ring his half-Brother to be merry with him, ii midlt of his Entertainment ordered his Men upoi a Signal given to murder him and all his Mm which was accordingly performed. The Reafon ol this inhumane Adion is diverfly reported •, foi fay that this Indian-Warner committed all the Spoil that was done to the Englijh •, and therefore for thai Reafon his Brother kilPd him and his Men. thers that he was a great Friend to the Englijh, am would not fuffer his Men to hurt them, but did a! that lay in his power to draw them to an amicabl Commerce •, and that his Brother killed hi for that he was aOiamed to be related to an h an. But be it how it will, he was called in Qui tion for the Murder, and forced to come Home take his Tryal in England. Such perfidious Doin| as thefe, befides the Bafenefs of them, are gn hindrances of our gaining an Intereft among the h ^ians. Putting from thefe Hands we (leered away fiii ther Wejt, and falling in with the Eaft-end Hifpaniolay we ranged down along on the Sou! Side even to Cape Tibiiron, which is the fi^sjl of the Ifland. There we lay by and fentoi Boat alhore -, for Captain Kent had been informi that there were great Groves of Orange-Trea ni this Cape ^ but our Men not finding any, hetl conclu''*' v^"V^* His Arrival at Jamacia."] 7 (oncluded there were none : But I have been fince -^^^ 1674. intormed my felf by feveral that have been there, [there are enough of them thereabouts. From icnce we ileered away for Jamakay where we arri - cdin a ihort Time, bringing with us the firfl News hey had of the Peace with the Dutch. Here, according to my Contraft, I was immcdi- tely difcharged •, and the nex Day I went to the im(b 'Town, called Sarit* Jago de la Vega j where leeting with Mr. fVhalU'j^ wc went together to blonel Heilier^s Plantation in 16 Mile-JValk, In or way thither we pafs through Sir Thomas MuM- krh Plantation, at the Angells^ where at that Time ere Olta and Cacao Trees growing •, and fording a retty large River, wc paft by the fide of it 2 or 3 iles up the Stream, there being high Mountains in each fide. The way to 16 Mile-fValk was former- ly a great deal about, round a large Mountain ; till Car) Hellier the Colonel's Brother, found out [his way. For being defirous of rmiking out a Ihor- crCat, he and fome others coafted along the River, I they found it run between a Rock that flood ^p perpendicularly fteep on each fide, and with nuch difficulty they climbed over it. But a I)r»g hat belonged to them, finding a hole to creep bugh the Rock, fuggefted to them that there a hollow Paflage ; and he cleared it by blow- |ig up the Rock with Gun-powder, till he had made [way through it broad enough for a Horfe with a ack, and high enough for a Man to ride through. This is called the Hollow Rock, Some other Pla- he levelled, and made it an indifferent gocjd faflage. He was a very ingenious Gentleman, and doubt- ^Is had he lived, he might have propagated fome dvantagious Arts on that Ifland. He wa'J once ndeavouring to make Salt-Petre at the Angdh, |iit did not brmg it to Pcrfedion. Whether the A a 4 Fardi fftP • r\f 4i f';,' :. ? 8 Mount Diabolo, '^^»'5r4 Earth there was not right, I know not -, but pro. ^^^^^ bably there may be Salt-petre Earth in othe Places, efpecially about Paflage-Fort, where, as have been informed, the Canes will not mak good Sugar, by Reafon of the Saltnefs of th Soil. I liv'd with Mr. PVballey at i6 Mile-walk for a moft fix Months, and then enter*d my fclf into thi Service of one Captain Heming, to manage his Plan. tation at St. J/irtSy on the Norlh-fide of the Ifland and accordingly rode from St. Jago de la Fega to ward Sx.._Anns. This Road has but forry Accommodations foi Travellers. The firft Night I lay at a poor H ter's Hut, 'at the Foot of Mount Diabolo on the Soui ^jGde of it, where for want of Clothes to cover mi ^ * in the Night I was very cold when the Land-wim S". "^ . fprang up. This Mountain' is part of the great Ridge thai runs the length of the Ifland from Eafi to IVcjl to the Fail 'tis called the Blew Mountain^ whii higher than this. The next Day crofling Mouni Diabolo y I got a hard Lodging at the Foot of itoi the North- fide ; and the third Day after arrived Captain Hemin^s Plantation. I was clearly out of my Element there, and therej fore as foon as Captain Heming came thither I gaged my felf from him, and took my Pafl'age oi Board a Sloop to Port-Royal^ with one M- ^ik tham, who ufed to trade round the Ifland, touched there at that Time. From Port -Royal I failed with one f^r. Fifi who traded to the North-fide of the Ifland, ai fometimes round it : and by thefe coafting Vouii I came acquainted with all the Ports and Bays abo Jamaica^ and with all tlveir Manufactures •, as alfj with the Benefit of the Land and Sea-winds. Fo| cur Bufinefs was to bring Goods to, or carry tku frcnj Voyages to-jL'ards Canipcachr. 9 Planters to Pori-Royal \ and we were always ^"^ '^7J: iertained civilly by them, both in their Houfes li Plantations, having Liberty to walk about and w them. They gave us alio Plantains, Yams, 'otatoes, ^c. to carry aboard with us ; on which ftd commonly all our Voyage. But after fix or feven Months, I left that Employ !lo, and fliipt my felf aboard one Captain Hudfel^ fho was bound to the Bay of Campeachy to load We failed from Port-Royal about the beginning of mijiy \(>'JS' i" Company with Captain iVren in a A\ Jamaica Bark, and Captain Johnfon Comman- rof a Ketch belonging to New-Euglami This Voyage is all the way before the Wind, and refore Ships commonly fail it in twelve or four- n Days i neither were we longer in our Paflage ; r we had very fair Weather, and touched no lere till we came to 'Trifl Ifland in the Bay of Cam- 'iihj, which is the only place they go to. In our )• thither we firft Hiiled by little Caimanes, leav- it on our Larboard-fidc, and Key Monbrack^ ich are two fmall Ifiands, lying South of Cuba, he next Land we faw was the Ifle of Pines ; id fleering (lill Wellerly, we made Cape Corien- and failing on the "South- fide of Cuba^ I we came to Cape Antonio^ which is the Weft-end it, we ftretched over towards the Peninfula of (itan, and \'c\\ in with Cape Caioch, which is in cxtream part of that Promontory towards the The Land trends from this Cape one way South 3ut forty Leagues till you come to the Ifland Co- M, and from thence it runs S. W. down into the Vj of Honduras. About ten Leagues from Cape ftcch, between it and Cozuinel^ lies a fmall Ifland hf\hy i\it Spaniards y Key-Mugeer, or Women' s- 1- Ml becaufe 'tjs reported that when they went firft I ;i > H't i' 'r ■ ■ if h ' lO Cape Catoch and its Logwood, ^»M6j5.j5rft to fettle in thcfe parts they left their Wp ' there, while they went over on the Main to find fo better Habitation : Though now they have Settlement near it, whatever they have had formerl] About three Leagues from Ca-pe Catocby and iJ againft it is a fmall Ifland called Loggerbead-M probably becaufe it is frequently vifited by a fortf Turtle fo call'd : near this Ifland we always find] great Ripling, which Seamen call the Rip-raps. Th Cape, though it appears to be part of the Main, yi is divided from it by a fmall Creek, fcarce wide 1 nough for a Canoa to pafs through, though by it 'a made an Ifland. This I have been credibly inforJ fd of by fome, who yet told mc that they macti fhift to pafs it in a Canoa. The Cape is very low Land by the Sea, but foni what higher a3 you go farther from the fliore. Itisi ov'jr-gfown with Trees of divers forts, efpecialll Logwood ; and therefore was formerly much fr| qucnted by the Jamaica Men, who came thithtr i Sloops to load with it, till all the Logwood-Trtj near the Sea were cut down i but now *ts wholly bandoncd, becaufe the Carriage of it to the (hoj requires more Labour, than the cutting, logginj and chipping. Befides they find better Wood now! the "B^iy s oi' Campcachy and Honduras ^ and have but I little way to carry it -, not above 300 Paces, whenl was there : whereas at Cape Catoch they were fore to carry it 1500 Paces before they left that Place. From Capc'iCuoch we coafted along by the Dion on the North fide of Jitcatan towards Cave Conkfl The Coaft lies neareft Weft. The diftance betwed thefe two Capes is about 80 Leagues. The fliorelij pretty level without any vifible Points or Bendinj in the Land. It is woody by the fliore, and hilh fandy Bays and lofty Mangroves. The firft place of note to the Weft of Cai^ ^[ toch, is a fmall Hill by thq Sf^a, call'd the Mm 7/;^ Mount. Salt-Tetre Earth. ii |isdift:int from it about 14 Leagues. It is very An. 1675! irkable, becaufc there is no other High-Land on ^"^^^T^ [JiisCoaft. I was never afhore here, but have met ifomc well acquainted with the Place, who are [of Opinion that this Mount was not natural, but [Workot Men : And indeed it is very probable ; Place has been inhabited •, for here are a great ny large Cifterns, fuppofed to have been made the receiving of Rain-water, for there arc no Springs to be found here, the Soil being all dy and very Hilt. So that, as I have been v /edi- f informed by an intelligent Perfon, the Spaniards (fetch of it to make Salt-Petre. He alfo told mc, ^t being once there in a Privateer, and landing fome on the Bay, they found about 1 00 Packs of this rth bound up in Palmero Leaves ; and a Spanijh "ditto to guard it. The Privateers at firft fight fthe Packs were in hopes there had been Maiz or iian-Corn in them, which they then wanted ; but ening them they found nothing but Earth •, and ex- oining the Mulatto for what ufe it was, he faid to ake Powder, and that he expe(^ed a Bark from y^cach^ to fetch it away. He further told me, at tailing of it he found it very fait \ as all the arth thereabouts was. So that it is not improba- thac thofe Cifterns v/ere made for the carrying on Salt-Petre Work. But whatever was the delign I firft, it is now wholly laid afide : for there is no ': made of them ; neither are there any Inhabitants ar this Place. [Between the Mount and Cape Cond^cedoy clofe by jcSea, are many little Spots of Mangrove Trees, Ihich at a diftance appear like Iflands : but coming arer, when other lower Trees appear, it Ihews like fgged and broken Ground ; but at laft all the Land fcfents it felf to your view very even. T.he i I ■• I m n \ .1. J I ■ ir "^ 'alilfl li \m\ n 12 Indian Fijhermen. An. 1^575. The next place of note on tl.is Coart is K\l GartoSy almoll in the mid-way between CapeCati and Cape Comiecedo. This alio is a very rcmarki Place i for here are two Groves ofhighMangrov one on each fide tlie River, by which it may known very well. The River is but fmall, yctdc enough for Canoas. The Water is good, and know not any other Brook or frefli River on all Coaft from Cape Catoch till within three or fo Leagues of Campracby Town. A little to the Had of this River is a Fifh-Ran and a fmall Indian Hutt or two within the Wooa ■where the Indian F'iflicrs who arc fubjeft to Spaniards^ lye in the Filhing-Seafons, their Habij tions and Families being farther up in the Counti] Here are Poles to hang their Nets on, and Barbecu to dry their Fifh. When they go off to 3ea, tbj lifli with Hook and Line about four or five Leagj from the Shore, for Snappers and GroperSy which) have already defer ibed in my Voyage round t| World. Chap. iv. page 91. Since the Privateers and Logwood-fliips havefaj cd this way, thefc Fifhei-men are very fliy, haviJ been often fnopp'd by them. So tha: now when rhJ are out at Sea, if they fee a Sail, they prefentf fink their Canoas even witji the edge of tht Wateij for the Canoas when they are full of Water, fink no lower, and they themfelves lye juft wichty heads above Water, till the Ship which they fa\v| pafsM by or comes nigh. I have feen them und Sail, and they have thus vanifhed on a fudden. T| Fil"h which they take near the. Shore with their Nej are Snooks, Dog-Fijh, and foretimes Tarpoins. The Tarpom is a large Icaly Fifh, fliaped mu like a Salmon, but. fomewhat flatter. 'Tis ofadij Silver Colour, with Scales as big as a Half Crown. hrgQTarpo?n will weigh 25 or 30 Pound. 'Tisgo^ fwcet whokfome Meat, and the Flell.'. folid and m Tarpom Fifh, n iB Belly you fliall find two large ScalopsofFnt, ^/\J^ ling two or three Pound each : 1 never knew ^^*^*^ "taken with Hook and Line ; but arc cither Nets, or by ftriking thcin with Harpoons, ac iich the MoikitC'Mtn arc very expert. The Nets fthis Purpofe arc made with llrong double Twine, iMcfhcs five or fix Inches Iquare. For if they too Imall, lb that the Fifli be not intangled ^rcin, he prcfently dniws himfelF a little backward, then fprings over the Net : Yet I have (ttcn ^m taken in a Sain madt; with Iniall Mclhes in manner. After we have inclofed a great Num- |r, whilll the two ends of the Net were drawing W, ten or twelve naked Men have followed ; U a Fifli (Iruck againft the Net, the next Man itgrafped both Net and Fifli in his Arms, and lid all faft till others came to his Afljfl:ance. Be- thefe wc had three Men in^ a Canoa, in which fv movM fide-ways after the Net *, and many of Kilh in fpringing over the Nit, would fidl into Canoa : And by thefe means we fliould take two three at every draught. Thelc Filh are found Jcntifully all along that fliore from Cape Catocb to pj?, cfpecially in clear Water, near fandy Bays *, ; no where in muddy or rocky Ground. They are fo about Jatnaica, and all the Coall of the Main i eciaily near Carthagena. [Weft from Rio de le Gartos, there is a Look-out [Watch-tower, called 5^/^ /«. This is a Place dole the Ihore, contrived by the Spaniards for their ^im to watch in. There are many of them on iCoaft : Some built from the Ground with Tim- others only little Cages placed on a Tree, big 3iigh for one or two Men to fit in, with a Ladder |go up and down. Thefe Watch-towers are never [thout an Indian or two all the Day long ; the In- V'i who live near any of them being obliged to 'w their turns. Abouc il ■;• Kr u Lookouts and Salt Trends. M. f67r About thrff or four Leagiirs Wellward of 5,/^ is another Watch-box on a liigh Trtr, called /J chamhee Lookout^ from \ l.irgc Inci'ian Town of tn Name, four LiCagut's up in the Country \ andti Leagues farther within Land is anotlicr Town calli ChincbancbiY. I have been afhorc at thefc Lo'.hm and have been either rowing in a Canao, or wall ing afliorc on all this Coaft, even from Rie M Gartos to Capf Condecedo : but ^->- Iftcrly part of it is but incliflcrt-ntly fruitful, in nparil'on of that riri Soil f.irtlier to tlie Welt : [is it pretty populous of /;/ ■ ^ It is about eight Leagues from Sifal to CapeCmi cedo ; twenty Leagues North of which lies a fnw Ifland, call'd by the Spaniards^ IJles dcs Arenas, bJ the Englijh Seamen, as is ufual with them, cord the Name ftrangely ; and fome call it the Lcm others the Defarcujfes ; but of this Ifland, having ni ver (ttn it, I can give no account. All this Coaft from Cape Catoch to Cape Conki\ is low Land, the Mount ovX'j e -^epted. It is md findy Bay by the Sea ; yet fomc of it is Mangrovi Land \ within which you have fome Spots ofdij Savannah, and fmall fcrubbed Trees, with Hioj thick Bufties among them. The Sea deepens gradij ally from the Ihore, and Ships may anchor infai Ground in any depth from feven or eight Foot tod or twelve Fathom Water. In fome Places on this Coafl we reckon oun fiance from the Shore by the depth of the Sea, allo^ ing four Fathom for the firft League, and tor eve Fathom afterwards a League more. But having got thus to CapeCoridecedo, Iflialh fer the further defcription of thefe Parts from li Cape Southward and Weftward to the High-Landj St. Martlr.^ which is properly the Bay oiCam^ed^ and from thence alio further Weilwurd, till my cofl OncBufhKcy: Oyfters, 17 d coming on this Coaft, when I made fo long a^^"- '675. IV here. To proceed therefore with my prclent ^OP^ ; having paft Cap Caioch^ the Mount, Rio de tartoSf Sifal, and Cape Condecedo^ we ftood South- ddireftlyfor 2ri/?, the Haven of our Logwood- Iters ; at which Place being not above 60 Leagues ant, we foon arrived. ^n}\ is the Road only for big Ships, fmaller *els that draw but a little Water run 3 Leagues er, by eroding over a great Lagune that runs mthelfland up into the Main- Land, where they hor at a Place culled One-Bu/h-Ke^. We ftaied ^n'ii three Days to fill our Water, and then with two Conforts failed thence with the Tide of od i and the fame Tide arrived there. This Key ot above forty Paces long, and five or fix broad, ing only a little crooked Tree growing on it, for that Reafon it is called Orn-Bujh-Key. It s to be only a Heap of Shells, for the Ifland is ered with them. The greateft Part are Oyfter- :1k There are a great many Oyfter-banks in Lagune, and the adjacent Creeks, but none af- better, either for Largenefs or Tafte, than the k about this Ifland. In the wet Seafon the Oyfl:- aswell of One-Bujh-Ke'^ as other Places here, are idefrcfli by the Frefhes running out of the Coun- : But in the dry Time they are fait enough. In Creeks they are fmaller, but more numerous ; the Mangrove-Roots that grow by the Sides of Creeks are loaden with them ; and fo are all the nches that hang in the Water. ^ii^-Bu/h-Key is about a Miic from the Shore ; and againft the Ifland is a fmall Creek that runs a le farther, and then opens into another wide La- e; and through this Creek the Logwood is ught to the Ships riding at the Key. Between Oyfter-Banks that lye about the Ifland and the there is good Riding in about 1 2 Foot Wa- '01.. U. B b tcr. &:n ii ' '11 i t ■ .r it •> I. jl !|i IS Frolickfome LogiL'ood-Cuttirs. irfj^ i6j7.ter. The Bottom is very fofr Oaz, infomuch we are forced to fhooe our Anchors to make thi hold. The Main by it is all low Mangrovy-Lai which is overflow'd every Tide ; and in the Seafon is covered with Water. Here wc lay to t; in our Lading. Our Cargo to purchafe Log- wood was Rum ; Sugar ; a very good Commodity for the Log-w cutters, who were then about 250 Men, moiUi lijh, that had fettled themfelves in fevcral Pla hereabouts : Neither was it long before we had thi Merchants came aboard to vifit us ; we were bui Men and a Boy in the Ship, and all little enough entertain them : for befidcs what Rum we fold by Gallon or Firkin, we fold it made into l^un wherewith they grew Frolickfome. We had n but fmall Arms to fire at their drinkir^; Heiilihs therefore the Noife was not very great at a Diliam but on Board the Veffels we were loud enoue^h all our Liquor was fpent : We took no Monty Ki nor exped:ed any -, for Log-wood was wiiat came hither for, and we had of that in lieu of Commodities after the Rate of five Pound /wT to be paid at the Place where they cut it: we went with our Long-boat to fetch fmall Qc titles. But becaufe it would have taken upaloi time to load our Veffel with our own Boat we hired a Periagoof the Logwood-Cutters to bri| it on Board ; and by that means made quicker Difpatch. I made two or three Trips their Huts, where I and thofe with me were alw very kindly entertain'd with Pig and Pork, Peafe, or Beef and Dough-Boys. Their Beef li got by hunting in the Savannahs, As long as Liquor laifed, which they bought of us, v\ew treated with it either in Drams or Punch. But a more particular Account of the Logwood-Cu I fhall refer the Reader to my fecond Voyage lutlii \V Woodcr'j Efcape from Campcachy. 19 ^Iiichl made fhortly after my Return to Jainaica^^n- »6'^f« caufe I faw a great Profpcvft of getting Money ^-^^VNi frc, if Men would be but diligent M\iS. frugal. But let's proceed with our \'oyage. It was the liter end of »S'-h.jh-K''"^ with the Tide of Ebb -, and anchored riin at 'T^r'iji that fame Tide •, where we watered urVcffel in order to fail. Ihis we accomplilhed j two Days, ' and the third Day failed from '■Tr'ift kard Jivnaica. A Voyage which proved very dious and hazardous to us, by Rcafon of our Ships v ting fo lluggiih a Sailer that She would not ply to I'indward, whereby we were ncccffariiy driven on fevcral Shoals that otherwife we might have folded, and forced to fpend thirteen Weeks in our iOage, which is ufually accomplilhed in half that (ime. iWchad now a PafTenger with us, one FVill. TVood- a Jamaica Seaman, that with three others that [ere taken by the Spaniards^ was lent to the City Mexico^ where they remained Prifoncrs Cm or ;ht Months, but at Lift were remanded to La Vem h.z, and from thence by Sea to Campeachy : They be not imprifoned, but only kept to work on card the Ship that brought them, and foon found Opportcniry of making their Kfcapes in this man- They had been employed afl^ore all the Day, being lent aboard at Night they fell to con- ivehow to run away with the Boat ; butconfidering hrtliey wanted Necellaries for their Voyage, they loh'cd firft to go bark and fupply themfclvcs, kh rhcy might then do the better, becaufe tliey hv there were none but a few InJians on Board. tcordingly having feiz'd and bound thic IndUifis^ ':ng with them a Compafs, with feme Bread and fjtcr, they put olTro Sea, and arriv'd at 1'rljl a Week Tore our Departure : And this JViUJf'ocdersw:^'^ the ^ws under Ciod of the Prefervation of our Ship. ij b -'. Tiie fj.i ' ' ♦ '■ ■ V I'l \ ' us iU i 20 The Author chafed, and narrowly ef cafes. An. 1675. The third Day, after we left Tr/T?, about eight the Morning, near twelve or fourteen Leagui W. S. W. from Campeach"^^ we faw two Sail aboui three Leagues to Windward coming diredtly towan us, the Captain fuppofing that they had been 'jam ca Veflels, would have lain by to hear fomeNews, am to get fome Liquor from them ; for we had no none on Board but a few Bottles in a fmall Cafe, that the Captain referved for his own Drinking, But Woodcrs withftood the Captain's Propofal, m told him, that when he came from Campeachj then were two fmall Veflels ready to fail for Tohnfco Ri ver, which h not above 1 1 or 1 2 Leagues Leeward Trift, and that it was more probable thefc were tholi two Veflels than any from Jamaica, Upon this wi edged off more to Sea, and they alfo alter'd thci Courfe ft:eering away fl.ill diredly with us •, fo tii; we were now aflfured they were Span'mydi \ am therefore we put away •, quartering, and fteeringNj \V. and though they ftill fctch'd on us a-pace, yji to make the more Speed they turned a Boat looii that was in Tow at one of their Sterns, and Slii being a good Sailor came within Gun-fliot of us when, as it pleafed God, the Land-wind dyed way of a fudden, and the Sea Breeze did not y fpring up. "While the Wind lafl:ed we thought our felvi but a Degree from Prifoners •, neither had we y great Hopes of efcaping ; for our Ketch, even ii:k light, was but a dull Sailer, worfe being deep loadei However, we had now time to unbend the Ford and make a ft:udding Sail of it, to put right fore the Sea-Breeze when it fliould fpring up. T was accordingly done in a Trice, and in lefs than Hour after the Breeze fprung up frefh, andwepj right before the Wind. We had this Advantage it, that all the Sail wc had did us Service •, while the contrary, thcfe who chafed us, being tb Mil Black Cloud, fifh/ng- Banks. 1 1 Jalt Vcflels, could not bring all theirs to draw -, An. 1675. [heir After-fails becalmed their Head-fails, and we ^-OO*' eld them tack for two or three Hours, neither gain- ngnor lofing Ground. At laft the Wind frefhing pnby the coming of a Tornado, we gained confide- hbly of them i fo they fired a Gun and left their [Ihafe, but we kept on crouding till Night i and |liM clapp'd on a Wind again and faw no more of Ihem. In about a Fornight after this, we were got as tar I the Eail as Rio de la Gartos^ and there overtook ^s a fniall Barmtidocs Boat belonging to Jamaica ^iiich had not been above ten Days come from Trr/?, |fho failed much better than we did. Therefore our klerchant went on board of her, for he faw wc fere like to have a long Paflage i and Provifion egan to be fcarce already, which he could not fo ►ell brook as we. Our Courfe lay all along againft V Trade-wind. All the Hopes that we had was a good North, this eing the only Time of the Year for it : and foon fterwefawa black Cloud in the N. W, (which is a |gn of a North, but of this more in my Difcourfe of finds) for two Days, Morning and Evening. The jiird Day it rofe apace and came away very fwiftly. Ve prefencly provided to receive it by furling 1 but our Main-fail ; intending with that to take be Advantage of it, Yet this did us but little ervice ; for after an Hour's Time, in which it blew elh at N. W. the Cloud went away, and the Wind ^me about again at E. N. E. the ufual Trade in thefe ires. We therefore made ufe of the Sea and Land- feezes, as we had done before \ and being now gh as the beforemention'd Fijhing Banks on the forth of Jucatan^ we lb ordered our Bufinefs, that |ith the Land-winds we run over to the Banks •, nd while it was calm between the Land-winds MSa- Breeze, we put out our Hooks and Lines and Bb z fiOicd, I '■■# 2 2 The Captain's ^ifafter I turbulent Sea. An.it-j^ fifhed, and got Plenty every Morning : One TimJ our Captain after he had haled in a good Fifh, bcirj eager at his Sport, and throwing out his Line toi hafiily, the Hook hitched in the Palm of his HandJ and the Weight of the Lead that was thrown v.'itli ii Jerk, and hung about fix Foot from the Hook] forced the Beard quite through, that it appearcdaj the Back of his LLind. Soon after this we got as high as the Mount, and then flood off about ^o Leagues from Land, inhopej to get better to Windward there, than ntar nj Shore •, bccaufe the Wind was at E. S. L. and S. t] by E. afrefh Gale : continuing fo 2 or 3 Days. Wj fleered off to the North, expcding a Sea-Breezcaj E. N. E. and the third Day had our Define. Thci( we tack*d and fleered in again S. E.. for the Shore 1 Jii:ala)\ Our Ketch, as I faid, was a heavy SailerJ efpecially on a Wind : for flie was very iliort •, and having great round Bows, when we met a Mc.ukSeaJ as now, fhe plunged and laboured, not going a-heidj but tumbling like an E'gg-fhell in the Sea. Itwa my Fortune to be at the Helm from 6 a Clock in \\k Evening till 8. The firfl 2 Glaffes Ihe fleered vera ill i for every Sea would flrikc her dead like aLcgj then flic would fall off 2 or 3 Points from the Wir;] the Helm was a Lee ; and as flie rccovcredJ and made a little way, fhe would come again totiiJ Wind, till another Sea flruck her oii' again. Bythaj Time 3 Glaffes were out the Sea became more rmoo:!ij and then fhe fleered very well, and made prfU)[ frefli way through the Water. I was fonKwli furprized at the fudden Cliange, from a rougliSsi to a fmooth -, and therefore looked over-board 2oi 3 Times i for flie fbeered open on the Deck, and being very fair Wer, ther, all our Men were lain dowj on the Deck and fallen aflcep. My Captain wasji:!| behind me on the Quarter Deck fafl afleep too, to neither he nor they dreaded any Danger, we bein^ ■ • abo: Alcrane Iflands, 25 3iit 30 Leagues from the Main-Land, at Noon,--*". 1675. ill as we thought, not near any Ifland. C/VX* iBiit while I was mufing on the fuddcn Alteration the Sta, our Vefiel Itruck on a Rock, with fuch orce that the Whipftati" threw me down on my ick: 1 his frighted me fo much that I cried out, jid bad them all turn out, for the Ship ftruck. 1 he that the Ship made on the Rock, awakened loFi of our Men, and made them ask. What the lucer was ? But her itriking a fecond Time, foon pered the Queftion, and let us all to work for our lives. By good Fortune ihe did not ftick, but kept I her way ilill, and to our great Comfort, the Wa- [r was very fmooth, otherwife we mud certainly avebeen lolt •, for we very plainly faw the Ground nder us: lb we let go our Anchor, in 2 Fathom f'atcr, clean white Sand : When our Sails were furl- [|, and a fufficient Scope of Cable veered out, our fjptain, being yet in amaze, went into his Cabin, moll of us with him to view his Draught, and ^e foon found we were fallen foul of the Jlcranes. The Altfiines are 5 or 6 low fandy Iflands, lying theLat. of about 23 d. North, and diltant from |icCo;itl oijucatan about 25 Leagues j the biggoll not above a Mile or two in Circuit. They are lilhint from one another 2 or 3 Miles, not lying in a l-ine, but fcattering here and there, with good Chan- ds of 20 or 30 Fathom Water, for a Ship to pals etween. All of them have good Anchoring on he Weft- fides, where you may ride in what l>pths [oupleafe, from 10 to 2 Fathom Water, clean fan- ly Ground. On fome there are a few low Buflies of )(irton-wood, but they are moftly barren and fandy, earing nothing but only a little Chicken- Weed ; either have they any frefh Water. Their Land- Inimals are only large Rats, which are in great [lenty -, and of Fowls, Boobies in vaft Abundance, ^ith Men of War and Egg-Birds. Thefe inhabic B b 4 only iM 1;, ' W^ r1';- ^1 h iil'ii'^i} 111 t. r' 24 Its Inhabitants i and the manner of Liv'm\ ii, and went off to help them jlide their Goods, and bring them afhore : and in H u U '% b i i'ili*^ I !T..rl'i ■ 2 8 Seamens Thoughts of Capt. Long. •^•- ''75 in Requital they furnilhccl the Captain with Iqc ^^^"^"^ Tackle and otiicr Ncceflaries as he wanted, an aflifted him in the launching his Vcflcl, and Ldm his Oyl, ami lb they went merrily away for Tr;l This lucky Accident was much talked of aniongl the Captain's Crew \ and fo cxafperatcd the AvJ England Men, when they heard the whole Story that they were thinking, if the Commanders wouli have futfcrcd them, to have thrown him into in Sea, to prevent his doing more Mifchicf. For thc were furc that he by his Art had caufed them to ru, aground. The whole of this Relation I had Iron Captain Long himfelf. From the main to thefe Iflands, the Sea deepen gradually till you come to about thirty Fathoii Water, and when you are twenty five or twenty fJ Leagues olF Shore to the Eaftward of them, if yc fteer away Well, keeping in that Depth, you a not mifs them : The fame Rule is to be obfervc to find any other Ifland i as the Trianglr^, the Ifld D.^j Arenas, &c. for the Bank runs all along Shore, on which are Soundings of equal Dcptli and the Sea appears of a muddy palilh Colour, bJ when paft the Bank on the North-fide of it, it ra fumes its natural Grecnnels, anc' '«' too deep foranj Sounding till you are within tairty Leagues of ;li North fide of the Bay of Alcxkoy where by Rdd on there is fuch another Bank, Cabouiiding wia Oyfters) running all along the Shore : But toretorj to our Voyage. Having fpent two or three Days among the i| rrti/zd-i Iflands we fet fail again, and fleering in Soutlit!| Jy for the Main, having the Wind atE. N. E. weie in with It a little to Leeward of Cape Ca:o:l\ p!\j ing under the Shore till wc reach'd tlic Cape ; iroif thence we continued our Courfc Northerly, tfj Wind at E. by S. The next Land we dcfigned \i was Ca^c Antonk^ which is the Wcllcrnioft ^^i ftijfes through the Colorado ShoUs. j^ the Ifland Guha^ and diftant from Cape Catoch An i'.:;.' ,out 40 Leagues. U^'YXi Some when they Hiil out of the Ray, keep along the Land of Jucatau^ till they come as far as jlland Cozumely and from thence II retch over »irds (^'Uha \ and if the Wind tavours them any img they will get as high as Cape Co; 7>«/c'j before •shW in with O/Z'rt i for in their PalTagc from ence they arc not in {o much danger ol being hur- laway to the North by the Current between the Iro Capes, or to tiie North of them, as we were : lor talcing our Courfc Nortiiwarcl till ihe Latitude 22(1. 30 m. we tack'd again and the Wind at K. tred away S. S. L. 2j\. Hours, and having taken an [bfervation of the Sun, as we did the Day before, ndour felves in 23 d. being driven bickwards in Hours 30 Miles. We had then the Channel fp between the two Capes, but to the North of |ther : Yet at laft we got over to the Cuba fliore, fell in with the North of the Ifland, about 7 or iLcagucs from Cape Antonio. Now we both faw Id ran thro' fome of the Colorado Sholes, but found (very good Channel among a great many Rocks at appeared above Water. Being thus got within Sholes, between them and Cuhn^ we found a btty wide clear Channel and good Anchoring •, and Ivancing further, within a League of the Cape, Anchored and went afliore to get Water, but |ynd none. In the Evening when the Land-wind rung up, we weighed again, and doubling the ^pe, coafted along on the South- fide of the Ifland, bng the Advantages both of Sea and Land-winds : or though we had now been about two Months Dm Trijl, and this the time of the Year, for lorths, yet to our great trouble they hnd hiiiicrto i!;d us, and befides, as I faid hrfor?*, our Ketch liich a Leeward ly VciiW, that we did not yet ex- clwc could pofTibly reach Jamaica meei ly by turn- %\ mg^ i| Hit K 'Aiti •Al \ ■■> 'J yt. ML 30 Grand Cay manes : IfJe of Pines. '^». i675,ing, though fomecimrs afTifted by Sea and Lani ^Or^ Winds. In about a Week alter this, we goti with, and coaltcd along the Iflc of Pines^ for 7 8 Leagues, and then Hood oft' to Sea, and tl third Morning fell in with the Weil-end of GraJ Caytnancs. This Ifland is about 40 leagues South from Vm and about 15 to the Weil of litile Caymancs. \\ anchored at the Weft-end, about half a Mile fro the iliore. We found no Water nor any Provif but faw many Crocodiles on the Bay, fome of whii would fcarce ftir out of the way for us. We ki! none of them (which we might eafily have doni though Food began to be fliort with us •, indeed \i it been in the Months of June or July we might prj bably have gotten Turtle, for they frequent ttf Ifland fome Years as much as they do little Cit manes. We ftayed here but 3 or 4 Hours, ail iteered back for Pines, intending there to Ininrtl Beef or Hog, of both which there is in great plel ty. I'he lecond day in the Morning we fell with the Weft-end of Pines, and running about 4i 5 Miles Northward, wc anchored in 4 fathom Watj clean Santl, about 2 Mile from the Shore, andrigj againft a fmall Creek through the Mangroves: a wide Lagune. The Iftes of Pines lies on the South-fide, towarJ the Weft-end of Cuba, and is diftant from it 3 or] Lea'gues. Cape Corientes on Cuba is five or Leagues to the Weftward of the Iflc of Pifics, tween Pines and Cuba are many fmall woody Iilanj fcattered here and there, with Channels for Shij to pafs between ; and by report there is good ancli ring near any of them. Jamaicd Sloops do ton times pals through between Cuba and Phin^ wli they are bound to W'^indward, bccaufe there 1 Sea is always fmooth : They are alio certain 1 meet good Land-winds •, befides they can anrlid \\:a Soldiers of Cape Coiicntcs. j i they plcafe, and thereby take the benefit of /?«. r^?^. Tides i and when they arc got pafl the Kail-end ''^v'">- f'int'i^ they may either (land out to Sea again, fit they are acquainted among the Tmall Iflands ithe Eaft of it, (which arc called tiic Sculh Keys 'Cuk) they may range amongd them to the ^ard, ftill taking the greater benefit oi the 1 .and- nds and Anchoring ; befides, if Provifion is fcarcc fv will meet Jamaica Turtlers, or < Ifc may get turtle thcmfelves, at which many of them are ex- ^t. There is alfo plenty of Filh of many forts, i:[if they are not provided wii.h I looks, Lines, or larpoons, or any oiher Filliing-Crait, nor ineer. with Ly Turtlers, Cuba will aiioid them ouftcnance of iogor Beef. The gr^rat inconvenience of going (theinfidcof Pi;;?.v between it and Ctiha^ proceeds m a Sjamjh Garrilbn of about 40 Soldiers at ape Corientt'i^ v/ho have a large Periago, well fit- (d with Oars and Sails, and are ready to launch lit, and feize any fmall VelTel, and feldom fpare |e Lives as well as the Goods of thofe that fall into leir Hands for fear of telling Tales. Such Vil- nies are frequently pradifed not only here, but lib in fcveral otiier places of the IFe'^- Indies^ and lat too with fuch as come to trade with their Duntry-men. The Merchants and Gentry indeed noway guilty of fuchAdions, only the Soldiers |id Rafcality of the People ; and thefe do corn- only confill of Mnlatoes or lomc other fort of ppper-colour'd Indians, who arc accounted very rbarous and cruel. ITlie Ifle of Pines is about 1 1 or 1 2 Leaguer, long, |d 3 or 4 broad. The Weil-end of it is low angrovy-Land •, and within, whicli is a Lagunc of iuc 3 or 4 iMiles wide running to tlic Laihvard, [thow fiir I. know not, with a imall Creek of 2 or ^oot Water, reaching to the Sea. llic Lagune ic is fo fliallow, cfpecially near the Iflond, that voa ,1 t •> •r^ii) »• i ■ \ 'i* l-i 32 Ilk Vmzs defer ibed, Land-Crabs. 'Jin. 1675.7011 cannot bringaCanoa within 20 or 30 Paces ^^''"^r^^ the Ihore. The South fide of the Ifland is low, fl; and rocky ; the Rocks are perpendicularly ftci towards the Sea, fo that there is no Anchoring 1 that fide -, but the Weft-end very good in fam Ground. The Body of the Ifland is high Lan with many little Hills incompafling a high Pike Mountain ftanding in the middle. The Trees ti grow here are of divers forts, moft of them ui known to me. Red Mangroves grow in the lo( fwampy Land againft the Sea, but on the firm hil part Pine-Trees are moft plentiful. Of thefe hei are great Groves of a good height and bignefs, ftreigl and Jarge enough to make Top-mafts, or ftandii Mafts for fmall VeiTels ; at the Weft-end there k pretty big River of frefti Water, but no coming it near the Sea for red Mangroves, which grow thick on both fides of it, that there is no gett in among them. The Land-Animals are Bullocks, Hogs, Deer, y Here are fmall Savannahs for the Bullocks and to feed in, as well as Fruit in the Wc Dds for tl Hogs : Here are alfo a fort of Racoons or hk Conies, and in fome places plenty of Land-Tiirtli and Land-Crabs of two forts, white and blacl Both of them make holes in the Ground like Conii where they flielter themfelves all Day, and intl Night come out to feed \ they will eat Grafs, Herl or fuch Fruit as they find under the Trees : T Manchaniel Fruit, which neither Bird nor Bi will tafte, is greedily devoured by them, withoi doing them any harm. Yet thefe very Crabs thi feed on Manchaniel, are venomous both to Manai Beaft that feeds on them, though the others are vei good Meat ; the white Crabs are the largcft foi fome of them are as big as a Mans two Filts joyni together •, they are Ihaped like Sea-Crabs, havii one large Claw, wherewith they wiU pinch vei h,;; Crahs. T)armg Crocodiled, Jj rd, neither will they lee go their Hold, though «^»' I67^ bruife them in Pieces, unlefs you break the *''V>^ law too; but if they chance to catch your Fin- % the way is to lay your Hand, Crab and all, it on the Ground, and he will immediately loofe fcHold and fcamper av/ay. Thefe white-ones build iwetfwampy dirty Ground near the Sea, fo that lie Tide wafhes into their Holes ; but the black Crab more cleanly, delighting to live in dry Places^ lid makes its Houfe in fandy Earth : black Crabs ; commonly fat and full of Eggs •, they are alfo jccounted the better Meatj tho' both forts are very pod. Here are alfo a great many Alligators and Cro- ililes that haunt about this Ifland, and are faid to the moft daring in al! the IVefl- Indies. I have ard of many of their Tricks ; as that they have [Uowed a Canoa, and put their Nofes in over the iinnal, with their Jaws wide open, as if ready to vour the Men in it : and that when they have «n aftiore in the Night near the Sea, the Croco- |Ies have boldly come in among them, ard made m run from their Fire, and taken away their leat from them. Therefore when Privateers arc king on this Ifland, they always keep Centinels ht to watch for thefe ravenous Creatures, as duly they do in other Places for fear of Enemies, efpe- ply in the Night, for fear of being devoured in eir Sleep. |Ths Spaniards of Cuba have here fome Craules, /. Herds of Hogs, with a few Indians Or Mida^ to look after them : Here arc alfo Hunters at gain a Livelihood by killing wild Hog and Beef. [This Ifland is reported to be very wet. I have Vd many fay, that it rains here more or lefs every iy in the Year ; but this I fuppofe is a Miftake, for [ere fell no Rain about us, fo long as we ftaid 1^0 L, II. Cc here. :ia :ff '■y ,ll' .' Il'i:^.' m {•}: 'A ;. -ft' m ■it 34 Hunting Beef and Hogs. ::i<'<^ An. 1675 here, neither did I fee any Appearance of it in othJ *^^V^ Places of the Ifland. 1 We were no fooner at an Anchor, but five of went aOiorc, leaving only the Cook and Cabbii Boy aboard : We had but two bad Fowling-PieJ in the Ship •, thofc we took with us, with a Dcfia to kill Beef and Hog. We went into the Lagun where we found Water enough for our Canoa, in ibme Places not much to fpare •, when we we got almoft over it, we faw eight or ten Bulls aj Cows feeding on the Shore clofe by the Sea. Tl gave us great Hopes of good Succefs. We therefol rowed away afide of the Cattle, and landed onl fandy Bay, about half a Mile from them : therei faw much Footing of Men and Boys ; the Imprel / ens feemed to be about eight or ten Days old, fuppofed them to be the Track of Spanifi Huntej This troubled us a little, but it being now their ilh mas, we concluded that they were gone over to C to keep it there, fo we went after our Game; Boatfwain and our PafiTenger Will. M^ooders\w. one Gun, and prefuming on their Skill in Shooti were permitted to try their Fortune with the Cai that we law before we landed, while the Captain my felf with our own Gun flruck up diredly the Woods. The fifth Man, whofe Genius led rather to fifh than hunt, flayed in the Canoa: had he been furnifhed with a Harpoon, he mi] have gotten more Fifh than we did Flefh, for Cattle fmciling our two Men before they cameni them, ran away ; after that our Men rambled up to tlic Country to feek for fome other Game. The Captain and I had not gone half a Mile'uel we came among a Drove of near 40 great and wild Hogs. The Captain firing, wounded oni them, but they all ran away -, and though we lowed the Blood a good way, yet did not come; with him, nor with any other to get a fecondSk howel /// Succefs in Hunting. 3 $ flwcver becaufe there was fuch a great Track of Hogs An. 1675. J the Woods, we kept beating about, being ftill in *^'V^ opes to meet with more Game before Night, but mo Purpofe, for we faw not one more that Day. the Evening we returned to our Boat weary and II at our ill Succefs. The Boacfwain and his Con- crtwere not yet returned, therefore we ftaycd 'till m dark, and then went aboard without them : the ext Morning betimes we went afhore again, as well try our Fortune at Hunting, as to recover our ifoMen which we thought might now be returned ithc Place where they landed ; but not feeing them, ne Captain and I went again out to hunt, but came ack at Night with no better Succefs than before ; fither did we fee one Beef or Hog, though much track all the Day. This Day he that look'd to the ioat kill'd a young Sword-fifh with rhe Boat-hook *, here were a great many of them, as alfo Nurfes nd Dog-fifh, playing in fhole Water ; he had alfo ilcover'd a Stream of frefh Water, but fo inclofed [ith thick red Mangroves, that 'twas impoffible to any in Cask ; we could fcarce get a littie to drink. i two Men that went out the Day before, were ot yet returned ; therefcye when 'twas dark we |ent aboard again, being much perplex'd for fear of feir falling into the Hands of the Spanijk Hunters • we had been certain of it, we would have fail'd refcndy, for we could not expeft to redeem them , but might have been taken our felves, either rthem, or by the Cape Soldiers before mentioned. |ideed thefe Thoughts about their Danger and our vn, kept me waking all Night. However the Icxt Morning betimes we went afhore again, and mi we got into the Lagune we heard a Gun fired, which we knew that our Men were arrived -, fo we pd another in Anfwcr and rowed away as fail as we Buld to fetch them, defigning to fail as fogn as we Ime aboard i for bv the Battering South and S. W, Cc 2 Windr m 111 , :i ii ■i! ; Ai ' I i 36 Scarcity ofTroviJion, An. 167^ Winds together with the Clearnefs of the Sky, ^■^^V^*' fuppofed we fhould have a North : the Land intcil cepted our Profpeft near the Horizon in the N. \J therefore we did not fee the black Cloud thcrj which is a fure Prognoftick of a North ; when we car afhore we found our two Men. They ''jll'd a Ho the firft Day, but lofing their way, were forced 1 march like Tigres all the next Day to get to us, an threw away moil of their Meat to lighten themfelvc yet 'twas Night before they got to the Side of th Lagune \ and then being three or four Miles ftii from us, they made a Fire and roafted their Meal and having fili*d their Bellies ; lay down to fleep, y| had ftill a fmall Pittance left for us. We prefentj returned aboard, and feafted on the Remains of A Roaft-meat, and being now pretty full, got up oJ Anchor and ftood away to the South, coailing alon by the Ifland ; and doubling the S. W. Point, fleered away E. S. E. We had the Wind when weighed at Weft a moderate Gale, but veering abo^ to the North, got at N. W. By that Time wegJ to the South Weft Point of Pines ^ and it now blij a fierce Gale, and held thus two Days, and thd came to the N. N. W. Rowing hard ftill, and froj thence to the North: then \/e edged away S. E.fij it blew hard, and we could not bring her nearer 1 Wind. From the N. it came about to the N. N.l then we knew that the Heart of it was broke, how ver it blew hard ftill : then it came about to the N.l and blew about four Hours, and fo by Degrees dyj away and edged more Eafterly, till it came toi E. by N. and there it ftood. We were in good Hop while the North continued, to have gotten tof maica before it ceafed, and were forry to find oj felves thus difappointed *, for we could not fee Ifland, though we judged we could not be fir fro it i at Noon we had a good Obfervation, and fooij ourfelves in the Latitude of the Ifland. 1 A Conftiltation. 17 We now had not one Bit of any Kind of Food 2i-An. 1675. ard ; therefore the Captn in defired to know our ^^^V^J inions what to do, and which way we might foon- gec to fome Shore, either to beat for Jamaica^ or ibear away before the Wind, for the South Keys. the Seamen but my fclf, were for going to the outh Keys, alledgin^- that our Ship being fuch a dull likr would never go to Wind-ward without the rfelp of Sea and Land Breezes, which we could not ipeftatfuch a Diftance as we were, being out of the fehtof any Land : and that it was piobable that in kreeor four Days Time we might be among the outh Keys, if we would put for it •, and there we liould find Provifion enough, either Fifli or Flefli. hold them that the Craft was in catching it, and it [as as probable that we might get as little Food in lie South Keys, as we did at Fines^ where, though here was Plenty of Beefs and Hogs, yet wc could lot tell how to get any : befides we might be fix or even Days in getting to the Keys -, all which Time ^e muft of Neceflity i\^^ which if 'twere but two or lirce Days, would bring us fo low, that we fhould in a weak Condition to hunt. On the contrary, they would agree to beat a Day or two longer for |ie Ifland y^/zwif:^, we might in all Probability fee, [.1(1 come lb near it, that we might fend in our Boat nd get Provifion from thence, though we could ot get in to anchor : for by all Likelihood we rere not fo far from the Ifland, but that we night have feen it, had it been clear -, and that the nging of the Clouds feemed to indicate to us, hat the Land was obfcured by them. Some of km did acquiefce with me in my Opinion ; how- ver, 'twas agreed to put away for the South feys, and accordingly we veered out our Sheets, bmm'd our Sails, and ileered away N. N. W. (was lb much difiatisfied, that I turned into my fiibbin, and told them we lliould be all Ihirvcd. C r ^ \ couiM |: i( ^ i'l ■ :* 7* • ' ■■"^K^^' %h :i If; i 3 8 A joyful Sight of Land. An. 1675. I could not fleep, tho* 1 lay down ; for I wj ^"^^^T*^ very much troubled t j think of falling 3 or 4 Dayj or a V/eek \ having fared very hard already. In deed *twas by meer Accident that our Food laftcd long *, for we carried two Barrels of Beef out witi us to fell, but 'twas fo bad that none would bj if, which proved well for us : for after ourov Stock was fpent, this fupplied us. We boiled ever Day two Pieces of it •, and becaufe our Peas wei] all eaten, and our Flour almoft fpent, we cut oil Beef in fmall Bits after 'twas boiled, and boiled again in Water, thicken'd with a little Flour, an fo eat it altogether with Spoons. The little Piecj of Beef were like Plumbs in our Hodge- Podge. Iif deed 'twas not fit to be eaten any other way ; tq though it did not ftink, yet it was very unfavouii and black, without the leaft fign of Fat in it: BreJ . and Flour being fcarce with us, we could notmalj Dough-boys to cat with it. But to proceed, I hi not lain in my Cabbin above three Glafles, befoj one on the Deck cryed out. Land ! Land ! I wj very glad at the News, and we all immediatel difcerned it very plain. The firfl that we fawwi High-land, which we knew to be Blewfidds-IM, a Bending or Saddle on the Top, with two h\ Heads on each Side. It bore N. E. by E. and had the Wind at E. therefore we prefently clappj on a Wind, and fleered in N. N, E. and foon M we faw all the Coafl, being not above 5 or 6Leaguj from it. We kept jogging on all the Afternoon, nd flriving to get into any particular Place but whej we could fetch, there we were refqlved to Anchoif The next Day being pretty near the Shore, betwed Bleivfields Point, and Point-Nigrili, and having tl Wind hirge enough to fjtch the latter, we fteerj away direclly thither •, and feeing a fmall ^'tn about two Leagues N. W. of us, making Signs ( fpeak with qs by hoyfing and lowring her Topf^iiJ A hard "urinker. 39 were afraid of her, and edged in nearer the >*«• J^7J iiore; and about three a Clock in the Afternoon, our great Joy, wc anchored at Nigrill^ having tn thirteen Weeks on our Paflagc. I think never (ly Veflel before nor fince, made fuch Traverfes in pining out of the Ba'j as we did, having firft blun- fer'd over the Alcrany Riff, and then vifitcd thofe andsj from thence fell in among the Colorado mX afterward made a Trip to Grand Caynnnes \ I hilly, vifited Pines^ tho* to no Purpofe. In all Id'e Rambles we got as much Experience as if wc fdbcen lent out on aDefign. As foon as we came to anchor, wc fent our Boat lioreto buy Provifions to regale our felves, after or long Fatigue and Fafting, and were very bufie ping to drink a Bowl of Punch : When unexpe(5led- fCipt. Rawlins^ Commander of afmall New-Eng- ' Veflel, that we left at Trift -, and one Mr. John hhr^ who had been in the Bay a Twelve-month jii:ing Logwood, and was now coming up to 7^- Lb to fell it, came aboard, and were invited into JeCabbin to drink with us -, the Bowl had not yet entouch'd, (I think there might be fix Quarts in ID'jtMr. Hooker bting drunk to by Capt. Rawlhis^ b pledg'd Capt. HaJfwel, and having the Bowl IhisHand, faid, That he was under an O . to rink but three Draughts of ftrong Liquor a -^ay, |id putting the Bowl to his Head, turn'd it off at pe Draught, and fo making himfelf drunk, difap- linted us of our Expedtations, till we mide ano- lerBowl. The next Day having a brisk N.W. Wind, lliich was a kind of Chocolatto North, we arrived at wuRoyah, and fo ended this troublcfome Voyage. f I T*r ;>j -ii| - ,Cc 4 CHAP. I 'I* I A \f -!%fir It ! i 1 , fi *, 40 !!; I CHAP. n. The Author's fecond Voyage to the Bay of Cm peachy. His arrival at the IJle of Trift, m fettling with the Logwood-Cutters. A% fcription of the Coaft from Cape Condccd to Trift. Salinas or Salt Tc7ids. Saltgathem for the Spaniards by the Indians. Hina, a n tnarkable Hill. Horfehooffifhy The Trianu Jflands. Campcachy Town twice taken. It. chief Trade ■> Cotton, Ciiampcton River i m its Logwood^ a rich Commodity. Port-Royal Harbour and Ifland. Prickly -Grafs, Sapa- dillo Trees. Tri(V Ifland defcrib'd. Cm' Tlumb-bufljes. The Grape-Tree. Its Jnimah Lizards. Laguna Tcrmina and its Jimi Tides. Summafenta-T^/'y^r, and CiiucquC' bull Town. Scries his Key. Captain Scrlci his Adventure, The EafiandWefi Lagmi with their Branches inhabited by Log-i;:ii^ Cutters. Oaks growing there y and no izbtn elfe within the Tropicks, The Original oftk Logwood-Trade. The Rainy Sea fon, and ^m Floods occajlonedby Norths. The dry Seafii Wild Tine-plant. The Logwood-Tree. Bh Wood, Stock'ffh Wood and Camwood. AT)(\ fcription of fame Animals^ Squajlies, kr^i long'tail'd Monkeys, Ant-bears, Sloths, A\ tnadilloSy Tigre-Cats, Snakes of three fori C^lliwafps, Huge Sliders, Great Ants an^ their Mefls. Rambling Ants^ Humming Birds y Black BirdSy Turtle-Troves, ^uams, Corre- fos, Carrion Cro'-jus, Subtle jacks y Bill-birds^ CockrecoSy Ducks of fe viral forts, Curle^jjSy Herons, CrabcatcherSy 'Pelicans, Cormorants^ Fijhing, Hawks. Several forts of fipj. Ten- founders^ Taricootas , Garr-jifh, Spanifh Mackril: The Ray, Alligators. Crocodiles y brjDthey differ from Alligators. A fiarrow Efcape of an In^h-r/tan from an Alligator. An, 16751 |T was not long after our Arrival at Pori-Royaiy before we were paid ofF, and difcharged. fiow Captain John/on of New-England, being bound gain into the Bay of Campeachy, I took the Oppor- unity of going a PafTenger with him, being re- blved to fpend fome Time at the Logwood Trade } nd accordingly provided fuch Neceflaries as were Squired about it {viz.) Hatchets, Axes, Macheats, |. (. Long Knives) Saws, "Wedges, ^c. a Pavillion fleep in, a Gun with Powder and Shot, &c. and paving a Letter of Attorney with Mr. Fleming, a lerchant of Port-Royaly as well to difpofc of any liing that I fliould fend up to him, as to remit to he what I Ihould order, I took leave of my Friends ndimbarked. About the Middle of Feb. y^ — 6, we failed from \mm(t, and with a fair "Wind and "Weather, foo i 5t as far as Cape Catocb -, and there met a pretty rong North, which lafted two Days. After that the [fade fettled again at E. N. E. which fpeedily car- ed us to Trift Ifland. In a little time I fettled my [If in the Weft Creek of the "Weft Lagune with Jme old Logwood-Cutters, to follow the Employ- ment with them. But I Ihall proceed no farther m the Relation of my own Affairs, till I have ^iven Ji ,ji(t t'!; tr 'Aiti t I ■\x % 42 Bay of Campcachy. Salina Harbour, ^j given a Defcriptlon of the Country, and its Produfl "^ with fome Particulars of the Logwood- Cutters their hunting for Beef, and making Hides, ^fc. I have in my former Voyage defcribcd the Coai from Cape Catoch to Cape Condccedo, Therefore fhall now begin where I tlien left off, and followi; the fame Method, proceed to give fome Account the Sea-coaft of the Bay of Campeachy •, being co petently qualified for it by many little Kxcurlioi that I made from 'I'njt during my Abode in thel Parts. The Bay of Campcachy is a deep bending of t Land, contained between Cape Condecedo on the Ei and a Point Ihooting forth from the High-Land St. Martins on the Weft. The Diftance betwei thefe two Places is about 120 Leagues, in which many large and navigable Rivers, wide Lagunes, Of all which I (hall treat in their Order, as alio the Land on the Coaft -, its Soil, Product, i3c, T gethcr with fome Obfervations concerning Trees, Plants, Vegetables, Animals, and Natives the Country. From Cape Coudccedo to the Salinas is 14 or Leagues v the Coaft runs in South : It is all a fani Bay between, and the Land alfo within is dry ai fandy, producing only fome fcrubbed Trees. Hal way between thefe two Places you may dig in Sand above High- water Mark, and find very goi frefh Water. The Salina is a fine fmall Harbour for Banks*, there is not above 6 or 7 Foot Water ; and cl by the Sea, a little within the Land, there is a k Salt Pond, belonging to Campeachy Town, whi yields Abundance of Salt. At the Time when the Si kerns, which is in May or June, the Indians of Country are ordered by the Spaniards , to give t Attendance,to rake itaftiore,and gather it intoagi Pyramidal Heap, broad below and fharp at the T' Salt hovj prtferved. 41 tthcRit^gcofalloiife ; then covering it all over-^"- "^•'f. T dry Orafs and Kecds, they let \ ire to it •, and ^-^^VNi fcj burns the out-fide Salt to a hard black Cruft : p.c h;ird Cruft is afterwards a Defence againfl the lins that are now fcLtlcd in, and prefervcs the bpilry even in the wettcfl: Seafon. The Imlians, Die Bufinefs I have told you, is to gather the Sale las into Heaps, wait here by Turns all the Kern- Seafon, not Icfs than forty or fifty Families at ITimc; yet here are no Houfes for them to lie in, biher do tiiey at all regard it •, for they are relieved fjfrefh Supply of Indians every Week ; and they lllcep in the open Air, fome on the Ground, but oft in very poor Hammocks faftned to Trees or Is, (luck into the Ground for that Purpofe. There re is no better than their Lodging ; for tluy have other Food while they are here but 1 artilloes Pofole. Tartillocs are fniall Cakes made of the our of Indian Corn i and Pofole is alio Indian b boiled, of which they make their Drink. But Ithismore her'^after, when I treat of the Natives their nicinner of Living. When the Kerning kfon is over, the Indians march Home to their tkd Habitations, taking no more Care of the Salt. Yihc Spaniards of Campeachy^ who are Owners of Ponds, do frequently lend their Barks hither for It, to load Ships that lye in Campeachy Road i afterwards tranfport it to all the Ports in the ol MexicOy efpecially to Aluarado and Tompeck^ great Fifhing Towns: and I think that all the and Towns thereabouts, are fupplied with it ♦, for [now of nQ other Salt Ponds on all the Coaft, fidts this and thofe before mentioned. This Salina, pour was often vifited by the Englifh Logwood- Itters in their way from Jamaica to ^rift. And if |y found any Barks here, either light or laden, [y mide bold to take and fell both the Ships and 'Mian Sailors that belonged to them. This they would VI 1! 44 Hina-Hill. Horfe-hoof FifJj. 'jln. 1675- would tell you was by way of Reprizal, for U former Injuries received of the Spaniards ; thoud indeed 'twas but a Pretence : for the Governours] Jamaica knew nothing of it, neither durft the it niards complain •, for at that Time they ufed to tal all the EKgliJh Ships they met with in thefe Pan not fparing even fuchas came laden with Sugar fro Jamiica, and were bound for England -, efpeeiaiiyl they had Logwood aboard. This was doneopcnH for the Ships were carried into the Havana, there foj and the Men imprifoned without any Redrefs. From the Salinas to Campeacby Town, is abouN Leagues ; the Coaft runs S. by W. The finJ Leagues of it, along the Coaft is drowned MangroJ Land, yet about two Mile South of the Salina, ik\ 200 Yards from the Sea, there is a frelh Spring, wh is vifited by all the Indians that pafs this way either] Bark or CaiiOa ; there being no Water befides na it ; and ther^ is a fmall dirty Path leads to it thrj the Mangroves •, after you ^re paft thefe Mangrov the Coaft rifeth highe/ with many fandy Bays, wkj Boats may conveniently land, but no frefh Water i you come to :i River near Caynpeachj Town. TH Land furth^^r along the Coaft is partly Mangroi^ but moft of it dry Ground, and not very fruittoj producing only a few fcrubbed Bufhes : and there no Logwood growing on all this Coaft, even fro Cape Catoch to Campeachy Town. About fix Leagues before you come to Campmi there is a fmall Hill called Hina, where Privated do commonly anchor and keep CentineJs on theHil to look out for Ships bound to the Town : There] Plenty of good Fire- wood, but no Water •, andf the Surf of the Sea, clofe by the Shore, you fiij Abundance of Shell-fifti, calPd by the Englip, I^'' hoofSy becaufe the under-part or Belly of the Filhl flat, and fomewhat refembling that Figure in Shaa Hnd Magnitude j but the Back is round like a Tul Campcachy To'wn, 45 |. the Shell is thin and brittle, like a Lobfter's ; ^*- «'^''5. ' niany fmall Claws : and by report they are -^^^^ good Meat •, but I never tailed any of :hcm lelf. ihcre are three fmall low fandy Iflands, about 25 [26 Leagues from Hina, bearing North from it, and [Leagues from Ca?npeachy. On the South-fide of jfe Iflands there is good Anchorage ; but neither ' ood nor Water : and as for Animals, we faw none, [only great numbers of large Rats and Plenty of obies, and Men-of- War-Birds. Thefe Iflands are I'd the Triangle's^ from the Figure they make in W Pofition. There are no other at any diftance [m the fhore, but theie and the Alcranies, men- ned in the former Chapter, in all this Coaft that ave feen. ^rom Hina to Catnpeachy, as I have faid before, is m 6 Leagues. Campenchy is a fair Town, (landing I the (here in a fmall bending of the Land i and is :only Town on ail this Coall, even from Cape mhiQ La vera Cruz^ that (lands open to the Sea. It ikes a fine (hew, being built all with good Stone. lieHoufcs are not high, but the Walls very (Irong ; Roofs flattilh, after the Spanifh Fufliion, and vered -vith Pantile. There is a flrong Cittadel or ^rt at one end, planted with many Guns, where Govcrnour re fides with a fmall Garrifon to de- |idit. Though this Fort commands the Town and tirbour, yet it has been twice taken. Firft by Cbrifiopher Minis ', who about the Year 1659, Iving fummoned the Governour, and afterwards Jyed 3 Days for an Anfwer befo'c he landed his p, yet then took it by Storm, and that only with m Arms. I have been told that when he was |vifed by the J a?fiaic a Privateers, to take it by Stra- gemin the Night, he replied, that he fcorned to N a Victory •, therefore when he went againft it, gave them warning of his Approach, by his Drums ift;- ^\u . 46 Cotton Cloth, U». 1675. Drums and Trumpets ; yet he took the Fort at t| ^^^Y^ firft Onfet, and immediately became Mafter of Place. It was taken a fecond time by E^igiijh and Fr^n Privateers, about the Year 1678, by furprize. Th] landed in the Night about two Leagues from 1 Town, and marching into the Country, lighted on Path that brought them thither. The next Mornij near Sun-rifing, they entered the Town, when ma of the Inhabitants were now ftirring in their Houfej who hearing a noife in the Street, looked out to knq the Occafion ; and feeing armed Men marching wards the Fort, fuppofed them to be fome Soldiersi their own Garrifon, that were returned out of Country ; for about a Fortnight or 3 Weeks bdoil they had fent out a Party to fupprefs fome kd'ni then in Rebellion •, a thing very common in tj Country, Under favour of this Suppofition, Privateers marched through the Streets, even toi Fort, without the lead Oppolition. Nay, the TowJ People bad them Good Morrow -, and congratulatj their fafe return ; not difcovering them to be eJ mies, till they fired at the Centinels on the Fort-waj and prefently after began a furious Attack ; turning two fmall Guns, which they found in Parade, againft the Gates of the Fort, they foon maj themfelves Mafters of it. The Town is not vd rich, though as I faid before, the only S€a-m\ all this Coaft. The chiefeft Manufadure of Country is Cotton-Cloath •, this ferves for cloatliij the Indians^ and even the poorer fort of Sfani& wear nothing elle. It is ufed alfo for making Sj| for Ships, and remitted to other parts for the i^ purpofe. Befide, Cotton-Cloth, and Salt fetched from Salinas^ I know of no other vendible Commod exported hence. Indeed formerly this place was| Scale of the whole Logwood-^rade ; which is tlifl Logwoody a Etch Commodityl 47 ore (lill called Palo (i. e. Wood) de Campeacby 5 tlio' An. 1675; ididnot grow nearer than at 12 or 14 Leagues ^^ ' lilance from the Town. The place where the Spaniards did then cut it, was ta River called C/?^w/>f/(?w, about 10 or 12 Leagues I Leeward oi Campeacby Town; the Coaft from ence South, the^Land pretty high and rocky. The lative Indians that lived hereabouts, were hired to lit it for a Ryal a Day, it being then worth 90, . I or no/, per 'Tun. After the Englijh had taken Jamaica^ and began icruife in this Bay, they found many Barks laden lith it, but not knowing its value then, they either It them adrift or burned them, faying only the Bails and Iron work ; a thing now ufual among the Irivateers, taking no notice at all of the Cargo, I Capt. James^ having taken a great Ship laden with land brought her home to England^ to fit her for jPrivateer, beyond his Expeftation, fold his Wood [a great rate; tho* before he valued it fo little that ; burned of it all his Paflage home. After his re- b to Jamaica^ the En^Ajh vifiting this Bay, lund out the Place where it grew, and if they et no Prize at Sea, they would go to Champeton [iver, where they were certain to find large Piles jit to their Hand, and brought to the Sea-fide ready ibeiliipp'd off. This was their Common Pradice ; at the laft the Spaniards fent Soldiers thither to [event their Depredation:. [But by this time the Englipj knew the Trees, as pwing i and underftanding their value, began to pmage other Coafts of the Main, in fearch of till, according to their defiie, they found large ►roves of it, firlt at Cape Catocb •, (which, as I have |iu before, was the firft Place where they fettled to 3gwood-cutting) and loaded many Vefiels from (ence to Jamaica^ and other Places. But it growing 'arce there, they found out the Lagune oiTriJl in tlie Bay pM ii It \ ■ I 4« Port-Royal Harbour and IJIand. Irfn. 1675. Bay oi Carnpfachy, where they followed thefaij ^-^^V^^ Trade, and have ever fince continued it, even to 1 time of my being here : But to proceed. From the River Champeton to Port-Royal, isab 18 Leagues ; the Coaft S. S. W. or S. W. by Low-land with a fandy Bay againft the Sea, aJ fome Trees by the fliore, with fmall Savannahs^ mj with fmall flirubby Woods within L,and all way. There is only one River between Chamtsti and Port-Royal^ called Port Efcondedo. Port-Royal is a broad entrance into a Salt Lam of 9 or 10 Leagues long, and 3 or 4 wide, 2 Mouths, one at each end. This Mouth of P^i Royal hath a Barr, whereon there is 9 or 10 Fo Water. Within the Barr it is deep enough, aa there is good Anchoring on either fide. The trance is about a Mile over, and two Miles length *, it hath fair fandy Bays on each fide, fmooth Landing. Ships commonly anchor on the Weather or h fide next Champeton^ both for the convenience! lome Wells they dug on the Bays by the ?m teers and Log-wood-Cutters, as alfo to ride more( of the Tide, which here runs very ftrong. Til Place is remarkable enough, becaufe from hence t Land trends away Weft, and runs fo for about 1 or 70 Leagues farther. On the Weft-fide of this Harbour is a low Ifla caird by Us Port-Royal-lJland ; which makes fide ot the Mouth, as the Main does the other : is about 2 Miles wide and 3 Leagues long, runnij Ef ft and Weft. The Eaft end of this Idand is fanj and pretty clear of Woods, with fome Grafs, ing a fmall prickly Bur, no bigger than a Grey Pd which renders it very troublefome to thofe that wJ^ bare-foot, as the Bay-Men often do. There arefoij Bulhes of Burton-wood : and a little further to AVeft grow large Sa^adiilo-Trees, whofe Frui: lol toog Trift IJland. 49 and very plcafant. The reft of the Ifland \%An,\e']6. e woody, efpecially the No.'th-fide, which is full white Mangrove clofe to the Ihore. the Weft-fide of this Ifland, is another fmall Wand, called Tr/7?, feparatcd from the former a fmall Salt-Creek, fcarce broad enough for a oa to paddle through. ItlJlandTriJi is in lome Places three Miles wide, about four Leagues in length *, running £. and The Eaft-end is fwampy and full of white Man- m i and the South-fide much the fame : The ■part is dry and landy, bearing a fort of long ifs, growing in Tufts very thin. This is a fort avannah, with fome large Palmeto-T^rees growing The North-fide of the Weft-end is full of •?lum Bufhes^ and fome Grapes. fhe Coco-Pltm Bujh is about eight or nine Foot fpreading out into many Branches. Its Rind andfmooth, the Leaves oval and pretty large, lof a dark Green. The Fruit is about the big- |of aHorfe-Plum, but round j fome are black, 1 white, others reddilh : The Skin of the Plum b thin and fmooth ; the in fide white, foft and |lly, rather fit to fuck than bite, inclofing in the die a large foft Stone. This Fruit grows com- ply in the Sand near the Sea ; and I have tafted that have been faltifh -, but they are commonly |t and pleafant enough, and accounted very Jfome. [he Body of the Grape-'Tree is about two or three in Circumference, growing fcven or eight Foot then fends forth many Branches, whofe Twigs [thick and grofs ; the Leaves are Ihaped much Ian Ivy-Leaf, but broader and more hard ; the |t is as big as an ordinary Grape, growing in fhes or Clufters among the Twigs all over the it is black when ripe, and the iiifide reddilh, \^ large hard Stoae in the middle. This Fruit is ^ D d very t ; ^ ■ »U V .' ili I. -' 50 Lizards. •^'^'^•very pleaflint and wholefome, but of little Subftanci ^^^f^ the Stones being fo large : The Body and Limbs i the Tree are good Fewel, making a clear ftrofl Fire, therefore often ufed by the Privateers to har en the Steels of their Guns when faulty. The Animals of this IJland I'.re, Lizards^ Gumi Snakes and Deer : Befide the common fmall L'mn there is another fort of a large kind, call'd aZ,)« Lizard : This Creature is fhap'd much like the c:h^ but almofl as big as a Man's Arm, and it has a Ian Comb on its Head *, when it is afTaulted itfetsi Comb up an end ; but otherways it lies down fla Here are two or three forts of Snakes : fome vd large, as I have been told. At the Weft-end of the IJland clofe by the you may dig in the Sand five or fix foot deep, find good frelh Water : There are commonly \V< ready made by Seamen to water their Ships ; they foonfill up, if not clear'd ; and if you dig i deep, your Water will be fait. This Jjland mil dom clear of Inhabitants when the Engiijbvifm^ Bay for Logwood ; for the biggeft Ships did alv ride here in fix or feven Fathom Water clofe byj fliore •, but fmaller VefTels ran up three Leagues! ther toOne-Bufh Key, of which in my former Chapj The fecond Mouth or Entrance into the LagunJ between Trift, and Beef-TJland, and is about ti Mile wide. It is llioal without, and only two Cli nels to come in : The deepeft Channel on theSpn" Tide, has twelve Foot Water. It lies near thei die of the Mouth; hard Sand on the Bar ; the^ Channel is about ten foot Water, and lies pn near Beef-IJland : you run in with tlie Sea-Breeze, Ibund all the way •, taking your founding from i Iflaud'ihorc. The bottom is foft Oaz, and it lli| gradually. Being ihot in vfithin Beef- IJIafid ?o^ you will have three Fathom •, then you may ftan vcr towards Triji, till you come near the Ihorf. Laguna Tcrminar 51 [(here anchor as you pleafe j There is good anchoring '^»' ^^7^ |iny where within the Bar between Trift and Beef- ^^V"*^ |/|j«i, but the Tide is ipuch ftronger than at Pert- 'iml This is the other Mouth or Opening to the altLagune before mentioned. This Lagune is call*d the Spaniard^, Laguna terminay or the Lagune [Tides, becaufe they run very ftrong here. Small li'eflcls, as 3arks, Periagoes, or Canoas, may fail hrough this Lagune, from one Mouth to the other, Jr into fuch Creeks, Rivers, or fmaller Lagunes, as npty themfelves into this, of which here are.many : the firft of note on the Eaft-part of this Lagune, iyou come in at Port-Ro'^al^ is the River Summa* tk. ■ ''■'-'; :• ' .. ^ . This River, though but fmall, yet is big enough ^^Pmagoes to enter. It difembogues on the South- lie near the middle of the Lagune. There was irnerly an InJian Village named Sumtnafenta^ near ;Mouth of the River ; and another large Indian [own call'd Chucquehul, ff^ven or eight Leagues up ItheCountry. This latter was once taken by the rivateers ; by whom I have been informed, that ere were aboiit two thoufand Families of Indians [it, and two or three Churches, and as many Spa* 'Friars, though no white Men befide. The Land ar this River yields plenty of Logwood. ' \". " f "^rom Summafenta River to One-Bu/Jj-Key is four or Leagues, the fhore running Weft. I have de- Ijbed One-Bufh'Ke'j^ and the Creek againft it,, fch, as I fiid, is very narrow, and not above ^ y long before it opens into another wide Lake,- k neareft N. and S. called the ^afl Lagune, It i)out a League and a half wide, and three Leagues encompafled with Mangrove-Trees. At the [E. Corner of it there is another Creek about a pwide at the Mouthj running fix or feven Milea 'the Country ; on both Tides of it grows plenty -ogwood ; therefore it was inhabited by Emjijh- D d 2 nun ^ iMMMM i Ah \ s .»;' iil i^. 52 Scries' J Adventure, \\\ An. 1676. men who lived in fmall Companies, from three V^V"^ ten in a Company v and fettled themfelves at the] beft convenience for Cutting. At the Head of [\ Creek they made a Path, leading into a large Sj vannah full of black Cattle, Horfcs, and Deer \ whic was often vifited by them upon occafion. At the North-end, and about the middle of rJi Eaft Lagune, there is another fmali Creek like th. which comes out againft One-Bufh-Ke'j^ but lefs an Ihaliower, which dlfchargeth it ielf into LagunaTd jniner^ againfi a fmall fandy Key, called by the fl flijh Series'^ Key, from one Captain Serks^ who fii] careen*d hisVcflel here, and was afterwards killj in the Weftcrn Lagu e, by one of his Company they were cutting Logwood t-^gcther. This Capta Series was one of Sir Henry Morgan's Corimandeij at the facKing of Panama *, wlio being feat ouii cruife in a fmall Veflfel in the South-Seas, happenj to furprizf at Tahoca, the Boatfwain and moil of 1 Crew belonging to the Trinity, a Spaniflj Ship, Board which were the Friars and Nuns, with all ti old Gentlemen and Matrons of the Town, to j number of 1 500 Souls, befides an immenfc Treafui in Silver and Goldy as I was informed by Captal Peralta, who then commanded her, as he did 3] terwards, when flie was taken by Captain Sharf^ ; 1 which he might have taken in the Ship had he pj fued her. On the Welt-fide of the Eaft-Lagunc, there is! fmall Skirt of Mangroves, that icparates it ^icinl nother running parallel with itj called the Ea}-. gum, which is about the bignefs of the former. Towards the North-end of this Lagune runsi fmall Creek, coming out of the Eafi-Lasiiiiu^ dcj enough for fmall Barks to pafs th'-ough. At the South-end of this Lagune^ there is a Del about a Mile wide at its Mouth ; and half a Ml from thence it divides into two Branches j one c:!f The Rife of the Logwood Trade, 5 3 M Eaft, the other the Weft Branch, both deep e- ^»^i£7<5. Iiiough for fmall Barks feven or eight Miles up. The IWatcr is frcfli ten Months-, but in the midft of the dry ilbn 'tis brackifli. Four Miles from the Mouth,|the id on both fides thefe two Branches is wet and impy, affording only Mangroves by the Creeks Ics i only at the Heads of them, there are many geOaks, befides which! did never fee any grow- r within the Tropicks : but 20 Paces within that TOWS plenty of Logwood, therefore the Cutters fettled themfelves here alfo. On the Weft-fidc of the Weft-Branch lyes a large ^ifture f&» Cattle about three Miles from the Creek, I which the Logwood-Cutters had made Paths from iicir Huts to hunt Cattle, which are always there in pt njimbers, and commonly fatter rhan thofe in be neighbouring Sauannabs ; and therefore was cal- tiie fat Savannah ; and this Weft-Creek was al- ways moft inhabited by Logwood- Cutters. The Logwood-'Tradc was grown very common be- [ire I came hither, here being, as I (aid before, a- out ?.6o or 270 Men living in all the Lagune and •Mf-ljland^ of which IJle I fhall fpeak hereafter : [liis Trade had ics Rife from the dtcay oi Privateer- for after Jamaica was well fettled by the En~ P, and a Peace eftablifhed with Spain^ the Pri- W who had hitherto lived upon plundering the terif, were put to their fhifts •, for they had pro- g?"y fpent whatever they got, and now wanting khfif^-nce, were forced either to go to Petit Guavas^ nere the Privateer-Trade ftill continued, or into Bay for Logwood The more Induf- Diis ibrt of them came hither, yet even thefe, ough they could v^ork well enough if they plea- '; yet thought it a dry Bufmefs to toil at Cutting Nd. I'hey were good Marks-Men, and fo took wedtlight in Hunting •, but neither of thofe Em- povnients affcfted them fo much as Privateering •, D d 2 therefore ,1 i |ti fc I I ^ 3, ■ ■ m j^ Logwood-Cutting. 'An, 1676. therefore they often made Sallies out in fmall par. i/VV ties among the nenreft Indian Towns •, where they plundered and brought away the Indian IVomen to ferve them at their Huts, and fcnt their Hufbands to be fold at Jamaica ; bcfidcs they had riot forgot their old Drinking-bouts, and would ftill fpend 301 or 40/. at a fitting aboard the Ships that came hi- ther from Jamaica i caroufing and firing of Guns three or four Days together. And though after- wards many fober Men came into the Bay to cutj Wood, yet by degrees the old Standards fo debauch- cd them that they could never fettle themfelves un- der any Civil Government, but continued in their Wickednefs, till ihe Spaniards^ encouraged by thfir carelcfs Rioting, icll upon them, and took moft of them fingly at their own Huts 5 and carried them away Prifoners to Campeacby or LaVeraCruz \ from whence thry were fent to Mexico^ and fold to feve- ral riadcfmen in that City j and from thence, after! two or three Years, when they ^ould fpeak 5/<7;/;//',| many of them made their Efcapes, and marched inl by- Paths, back to La Vera Cruz, and by the f/u/il Conveyed to Spain, and fo to England. I havefpokel with many of them fince, who told me that non^l of them were fent to the Silver Mines to work,! but kept in or near the City, and never fuftcrtdl to go with their Caravans to New Mexico, or that^ way. 1 relate this, becaufe it is generally fuggcN that the Spaniards commonly fend their Prifoner?! thither, and ufe them very barbaroufly ; butll could never learn that any European has beenthuf ferved •, whether for fear of difcovering their WeakJ nefs, or for any other Reafbn, I know not. But td proceed, [t is moft certain thit the Logwood Cutj ters, tliat were in tlic Bay when 1 was there, were all routed or taken -, a thine I ever feared, and thaj was the reafon that qioved me at laft to conic awayj : 1 ■ althoiigl tFet Seafons, 55 bhongh a Place where a Man might have gotten ^». i67<^, liiiEliatc. Having il^us given an Account of the firft fetling this Place by my Country -men, I fliall next fay bmcthing concerning the Si-afons of the Year, fome j[ituUrs ol the Country, its Animals, of theLog- io(^-Trade, and their manner of Hunting, and ie- Ireril Kinarkable Palfages that happened during my Biv there. This part of the Bay of CiWi peachy lies in about 18 of North Lat. Tlie Sca-Breezes here m fair Wea- iier, are at N. N. li. or N. The Land-winds aro S. S. E. and S. but in bad Weather at E. S. E. ihifd gale for two or three Days together. The ly Sealon begins m September^ and holds till Anil Mtiy; then comes in the wet Seafon, which be- |ins with Tornadoes ; firll one in a Day, and by de- Erccs iiicrcafing till June ; and then you have fet: lainstill the h-.ter end of Aitguft. This fwells the livers fo that th^y overflow, and the Savannahs be- fn to be coviTec' with Water •, and although there DiV be fonic inu ' miflfion of dry Weather, yet there |rt; ftill plentiful Ihowers of Rain : fo diat as the ^'aicr does not increafe, neither does it decreafe, |yt continues thus till the North Winds are ier in rong, and then all the Savannah^ for many Miles, m to be but part oi the Sea. I'he Norths do ominonly fet in about the beginning oi^ OSlobcr, and ontinue by intervals till March. But of thefe I fli.Jl eak more in my Chapter of Winds. Thefe Winds [lowing right in on the Land, drive in the Sea, and leep the Tides from their conftant Courfe as long as ]iey laft, which is fometinies two or three Days \ this means the Freihes are pent up, and overflow Iwch more than before, though there be lefs Rain. fhey blow mofl: fiercely in Vccembjr and January \ lit afterwards they decreafe in Strength -, r-nd arc fither fo frequent nor lalUng, and then the Freflics Dd 4 begin •'*( ■;^ -j;.)!.' J- » M 'I :*!! L fe '"'ii 56 mid Tine. J^»^»676 begin to drain from off the low Ground. By the ^•^^1*^ middle of February the Land is all dry •, and in the next Month perhaps you will fcarce get Water to drink, even in thofc Savannahs that but fix Weeks bcfrre were like a Sea. By the beginning of yf;ri/ the Ponds alfo in the Savannahs arc all drycd up, and one thu knows not how to get Water othcrwys may pciifli for Third ; but thofe that are acquaint- ed here, in their NecefTity make to the Woods, and refrcfh themfclves with Water that they find in wild The wild Pine is a Plant fo called, bccaufc it| foniewhat refemblcs the Bufh that bears the Pine: they nre commonly fupportcd, or grow from fomi Bunch, Knot or Excrefcencc of the Tree, where they take root, and grow upright. The Root is fliort and thick, from whence the Leaves rife up ini Folds one witliin another, fpreading off at the top: l)i They arc of a good thick Subftance, and about ten or twelve Inches long. The out-fide Leaves are fo compa«5t as to contain the Rain-water as it falls. They will hold a Pint and a half, or a Quart •, and this Water rcfrefhes the Leaves and nourishes the Root. When we find thefe Pities^ we ftick our Knives into the Leaves juft above the Root, and that lets out the Water, which we catch in our Hats, as I have done many times to my great Relief Tlie Land near the Sea or the Lagunes is Marigro- vy, and always wet, bur at a little diftance from it, it is faft and firm, and never overflowM but in ik wet Seafon. The Soil is a ftrong yellowifh Clay ; But yet the upper Coat or Surface is a black Mold, though not deep. Here grow divers forts of Trees o" no great bulk or height. Among thefe the Log wood-Trees thrive beft, and are very plentiful ; this being the moft uroper Soil for them : for they do not thrive in dry Ground, neither fliall you fee ay growing in rich black Mold. They arc much like our I Logwood Trees, $7 ur White-Thorns in England \ but generally n great An. \6^6. jbigger: the Rind of the young growing Branch- ^-OT^J iBwhitcandfrnoothi with fome Prickles lliooting th here and there : So that dn Engli/hman not owing the difference, would take tliem for White- horns i but the Body and old Branches are black- ij the Rind rougher, with few or no Prickles. k Leaves arc fmall and Diaped like the Common hitc-Thorn-Lcaf, of a palifii Green. Wc always Uc to cut the old black-rinded Trees 5 for thefe JvtlcfsSap, and require but little pains to chip or :it. The Sap is white, and the Heart red : The irt is ufcd much for dying •, therefore we chip off Ithc white Sap, till we come to the Heart; and I it is fit to be tranfported to Europe. After it has |tn diip*d a little while, it turns black •, and if it in the Water it dyes it like Ink •, and fometimes llusbccn ufed to write with. Some Trees are five [fix Foot in Circumference : and thcfe we can fcarce ;into Logs fmall enough for a Man's Burthen, bout great Labour 5 and therefore are forced to pw them up. It is a very ponderous fort of Wood, 1 burns very well, making a clear ftrong fire, and lading. We always harden the Steels of our je-Arms, when they are faulty, in a Logwood-fire^ wean get it, but otherways, as I faid before, with f'm-wood or the Grape-Tree. The true Logwood iink grow^ only in the Country of Jucatnn -, and ithcrebut only in fome Places near the Sea. The Jfeft places for it are either here or at Cape Ca- [, and on the Soutb-^xdt of Jucatan in the Bay of '^was. There are other forts of Wood much it in Colour, and ufed for dying alfo ; feme |recftcemed, others of lefler value. Of thefe forts i-wood and Stock-filT?-wood are of the natural »th of Anierica, Jhc Gulph oi Nicaragua^ which opens againft the ^Providences is the only Place that I know m the North- I I -; 58 Blood-'wood and Stock-^ood-Fifh, *jt9* 1676. Nofth-Seas, that produced the Blood-wood. ^, ^^'VV ^j^e Land on the other fide of the Co'intry againftj in the South-Seas, produceth the fame forts. This Wood is of a brighter red than the Log 'Wood. It was fold for 30/. per Tun, when Loa wood was but at 14 or 15 ; and at the fame tin Stock-filh-wood went at 7 or 8. This laft fort gro^ in the Country near Rio la Hacbdy to the Eaft of S Martha^ by the fides of Rivers in the Low-Lanj It is a fmaller fort of Wood than the former. I hay feen a Tree much like the Logwood, in the Rivd of Conception in the Samballoes -, and I know it ^ dye -, but whether it be either of thcfe two forts, know not : Befides here and in the places befor^ mentioned, I have not met with any fuch Wood America. j, ,. At Chcrhurg near Sierra^Leonc in Africa^ there Camwood, which i? much like, Blood-wood, if nd the fame. And at 1'unqueeH^ in the Eajl-Lidies, thcj is alfo fuch another fort: I have not heard of an more in any part of the Wbrld, But to proceed. The Land as you go farther from the Sea rifed flill fomewhat higher ; and becomes of a morcpla table Mould ; There the Trees are generally of an^ ther fort j growing higher ahd taller than the Lo wpod-Trees or any near them : Beyond this, youftj enter into large Savannahs of long Grafs, two three Miles wide i in fome Places mucli more. The Mould of the Savannahs is generally blac and deep, producing a coarfefort of fcdgyGrafsj In the latter end of the dry Tin>^, we fet fire toi ivhich runs like Wild-fire, and keeps burning as lo^ as there is any Fewel j unlefs fome good fliower Rain put it out : Then prefently fprings up ana green Crop, which thrives beyond all belief. Tj Savannahs are bounded on each fide with Ridges ( higher Land, of a light-brown, Colour ; dap; very fruitful ": producing extraordinary great ii Ti' Squajbes, Large- Monkeys. $9 j((s. The Land for ten or t\^enty Miles from the '^'*^^ ^ is generally composed of many Ridges of deli- " ''^ fWood-land, and large Furrows of pleafantgrafly, wnah's, alternately iptermix'd with each other, lie Animals of this Country are, Horles, Bui-- [J, Deer, Warree, Prec^ry, Squalhes, Pofluras^ icys, Ant-Bears, Sloths, Armadilloes, Porcuv Land-turtle, Guanoes, and Lizards of all, " < ■■ hcSqualh is a four-footed Beaft, bigger thait at: Its Head is much like a Foxes, with fl^ort- ; and along Nofe. It has pretty fhortLegs, and. ^ Claws, by which it will run up Trees like a , [,' The Skin is covered with Ihort fine yellowifh \u The Fie (h of it is good, fwcet, wholefomc at. We commonly fkin and roafl it ; and the;i [all it Pig ; and I think it eats as well. It feeds nothing but good Fruit ; therefore we find them among the Sapadillo-Trees •, This Creature tr rambles very far : and being taken young, I become as tame as a Dog, and be as roguifii as Mkey. fhcMonkeys that are in thcfe Parts are the ugliell. trfaw. They are much bigger than a Hure, and kgreat Tails about two Foot and a half long. The fer-fide of their Tails is all bare, with a black ISkln; but the upper-fide, and all the Body is [ered with coarfe, long,black. daring Hair. Thefe atures keep together 2 j or 30 in a Conipany, I ramble over the Woods j leaping from Tree to If they meet with a fingle Perfon they will aten to devour him. When I have been alone [ve been afraid to Ihoot them, efpecially the firi^ ne 1 met them, They we;re a great Company |cing from Tree to T^^^>. o^^r "''y Ht;ad ; chatter- 1 and making a terrible Noife ; and a great many Faces, 'and ihcwing antick Gcflures. Some • ' ^-M^^- ■■•■'^ ■■ broke .-) 'I; \ I ^ ^ i V \ \< \ .[} \- '■;! ■ ' .^ i ' ; - 1 i '■ '|:i|t| I ! - ^, 6o' Monkeys. Ant-Bears, ''An. 1676. broke down dry Sticks and threw at me j oth y/'>r\i fcattered their Urine and Dung about my Ears; iaft one bigger than the reft, came to a fmall Li juft over my Head ; and leaping diredtly at made me ftart back ; but the Monkey cauglit h of the Bough with the tip of his Tail i and th continued Twinging to and fro, and making Moui at me. At Iaft I paft on, they ftill keeping Company, with the like menacing Poftures, till came to our Huts. The Tails of thefe Monkeys ; as good to them a 3 one of their Hands ; and th^ will hold as faft by them. If two or more of us wc together they would haften from us. The Feraalj with their young ones are much troubled to leap ter the Males ; for they have commonly two : oJ ihe carries under one of her Arms ; the other fits 1 her Back, andclafps her two Fore-Paws about hj Neck. Thefe Monkeys are the moft fullen I even with ; for all the Art we could ufe, would nevj tame them. It is a hard matter tofhoot one of then fo as to take it ; for if it gets hold with its Claws ( Tail, it will not fall as long as one breath of Li| remains. After I have fhot at one and broke aLq or an Arm, I have pitied the poor Creatures tofJ it look and handle the wounded Limb, and turnj about from fide to fide. Thefe Monkeys are vei] rarely, or fas fome fay) never on the Grounti. The Ant-Bear Is a four-footed Bcaft, as big as] pretty large Dog j with rough black-brown Hair:( has ftiort Legs j a long Nofe and little Eyes \ a ven little Mouth, and a flender Tongue like an EartI worm about five or fix Inches long. This Creatuil feeds on Ants ; therefore you always find them ik an Ants Neft or Path. It takes its Food thus. ltla)| its Nofe down flat on the Ground, clofe by ttj Path that the Anis travel in, (whereof here are mail in this Country) and then puts out his Tongij athwart the Path : the Ants pa fling forwards Sloths, Armadillos, 6i kwards continually, when they come to the ^» 1 67$. je make a ftop, and in two or three Minutes "it will be covered all over with Ants; which perceiving draws in her Tongue, and then eats m; and after puts it out again to irapan more, fmcll very ftrong of Ants, and tafte much onger j for I have eaten of them. I have met with ic Creatures in feveral places of America^ as well [here \ ( i- ^. in the Samballoes ) and in the South- »;, on the Mexican Continent. [The Sloth is a four-footed, hairy, fad-coloured limal i fomewhat lefs than the Anc-bear, and not Irough: Its Head is round, its Eyes fmall ; it has ihorc Nofc, and very fharp Teeth ; fhort Legs, ^t extraordinary long fharp Claws. This Creature ds on Leaves, whether indifferently of all forts, f only on fome particular kinds, I know not. They :very mifchievous to the Trees where they come, larefo flow in Motion, that when they have eaten the Leaves on one Tree, before they can get bwn from that and climb another, and fettle them- pes to their frefli Banquet ( which takes them up \t or fix Days, though the I'rees ftand near,) they ; nothing but Skin and Bones, although they came ^wn plump and fat from the laft Tree. They ne- defcend till they have ftript every Limb and |)ugh, and made them as bare as Winter. It takes m up eight or nine Minutes to move one of their et three Inches forward ; and they move all their ur Feet one after another, at the fame flow rate; [ithcr will ftripes make them mend their pace ; |iich I have tried to do, by whipping them ; but eyfeem infenfible, and can neither be frighted, or ttvoked to move faft:er. [The Armadillo ( fo called from its Suit of Armour) jasbig as a fmall fucking Pig: The Body of it "ty long. This Creature is inclofed in a thick hell. H 'i \ ' i'mn ■ : :i lii) ! n if fif!' *!jI i^ tfi iigreCat. 4»^i6-j6 Shell, which guards all its Back, and comes downi •both Sides, and meets under the Belly, leaving rc^ for the four Legs -, the Head is fmall, with a Nc like a Pig, a prettv long Neck, and can put out i Head before it& Body when it walks i but on anyi ger Ihe puts it in under the Shell ; and drawing] her Feet, fhe lies ftock-ftill like a Land-Turtl] And though you tofs her abour fhe will not mo] herfelf. The Shell is jointed in the Middle of Back ', fo that fhe can turn the Fore-part of her Bo about which way fhe pleafes. The Feet are lij thofe of a Land-Turtle, and it has flrong Chj wherewith it digs holes in the Ground like a Cone the flefh is very fweet, and taftes much like a La Turtle. The Porcupine being a Creature well known, ij pafs it in filence. . The Beafts of Prey that are bred in this Counti are Tigre-Cats, and ( as :s reported by our Meii Lions. The Tigre-Cat is about the Bignefs of a Bui Dog, with fhort Legs, and a trufs Body IhapJ much like a Mafliff, but in all things elfe, (m) ij Head, the colour of its Hair, and -Xit manner ofif Preying, much refembling the Tigre, only fomewlij lefs. Here are great Numbers of them. They pra on young Calves or other Ganie j whereof here plenty. And becaufe they do not want Food, m are the lefs to be feared. But I have widit them faj ther Git, when 1 have met them in the Woods caufe their Afpedl appears fo very (lately and fierd 1, never did fee any Lion in this Country ; but Ihaj been informed by two or three Perfons that they i fee Lions here : But I am affured that they are nij numerous. Here are a great many poifonous Creatures this Country ; more particularly Snakes of divej forts, fome yellow, fome green, and others of adu Colour, with black and y dlowifh Spots. The yelloj Huge Snakes. 63 ^akc is commonly as big as the Small of a Man's An. 167^ Leg \ and fix or fcven Foot long. Thefe are a lazy prt of Creatures, for they lie ftill and prey on Li- ards, Guanoes, or other fmall Animals that come itiieirway. It is reported that fometimes they Hrk in Trees : jid that they are fo mighty in ftrength, as to hold I Bullock fall by one of his Horns, when they happ- en to come fo near that Ihe can twift her felf a^ out the Limb of the Tree, and the Horn at once. Jhefe are accounted very good Meat by Ibme, „nd [re eaten frequently : I my felf have tried it for cu- pofity, but cannot commend it. I have heard fome Lymen report, that they have feen fome of thia [ind here as big as an ordinary Man's Wafte ; but I [ever faw any fuch. The green Snakes are no bigger abouu than a Mans [hurab, yet four or five Foot long : The Backs are a very lively green Colour, but their Bellies in- lining '•o yellow. Thefe are commonly in Bufhes fioag the green Leaves, and prey upon fmall Birds. \ have often feen, and was once in danger to li'.IS bit by one before I faw it : For I was going to ike hold of a Bird that fluttered and cried out juft y£t did not fly away, neither could I imagine rme e Reafon, till reaching out my Hand, I perceived le Head of a Snake clofe by it •, and looking more rrowly, 1 faw the upper Part of the Snake, about or three Inches from his Head, twifted about e poor Bird. What they feed on befides Birds I know not, but eyarefiid to be very venomous. The dun- coloured Snake is a little bigger than the een Snake, but not above a Foot and a half, or two 'oot long ', thefe we fhould often fee in and about r Huts -, b'lt did not kill them, becaufe they de- rcyed the Mice, and are very nimble in chacing iofc Creatures. Befides Snakes here are Scorpions and f- . 1 1 !!'■ \- \ V '^ «4 Huge Spiders. Antsl An. w^V>^ 1 676. and Centapecs in abundance. Here are alfo Gall wafps. Thefe are Creatures fomewhat refembl m Lizards, but larger •. their Bodies about the thickne of a Man's Arm, having four fhort Legs, andfmal fliort Tails ; their colour a dark brown. The Creatures live in old hollow Trunks of Trees, am are commonly found in wet fwampy Ground, am are f lid to be very poifonou\ Here are alfo a fort of Spiders of a prodigjo Size, fome near as big as a Man's Fill, with Ion fmall Legs like the Spiders in England: they havenv! Teeth, or rather Horns an Inch and a half, or twi Inches long, and of a proportionable Bignefs, whicl are black as Jett, fmootn as Glafs, and their fmali End fharp as a Thorn ; they are notftraitbut bend ing. Thefe Teeth we often preferve. Some weai them in their Tobacco-pouches to pick their Pipe Others preferve them for Tooth- Pickers, efpeciall fuch as were troubled with the Tooth-ach ; for b; report they will expel that Pain, though I cannoi ju^ify it of my own Knowledge. The Backs ofthell Spiders are covered with a dark yellowifh Down, foft as Velvet. Some fay thefe Spiders are veno mous, others not ; whether is true I cannot deterj mine. Though this Country be fo often over-flown wit Water , yet it fwarms with Ants , of fever; forts, viz. great, fmall, black, yellow, ^c, Thi great black Ant flings or bites almoft as bad as Scorpion ; and next to this the fmall yellow Ant'i Bite is moft painful ; for their Sting is like ; Spark of Fire -, and they are fo thick among thi Boughs in fome Places, that one Ihall be coverei with them before he is aware. Thefe Creattiri have Nefts on great Trees, placed on the Body be tween the Limbs : fome of their Nefts are as big ai a Hogfhead ; this is their Winter Habitation ; for ii the wet Seafon they all repair to thcfr their Cities Herl Rambling- Ants. Humming- Birds, 6$ Here they preferve their Eggs. Ants-Eggs are as^"- j^tS' Buch efteemed by the Plmters in the PVeft- Indies W*^ brfeeding their Chickens, as Gre?it Oat-meal -.vith us \Eiigland. In the dry Seafon when they leave their Ps, they fwarm over all the Woodland i for they ver trouble the Savannahs : You may then fee Teat Paths made by them in the Woods of three or ojr Inches broad beaten as plain as the Roads in ):^jW. They go out light, but bring home hea- Loads on their Backs, all of the fame Subftance, id equal in Bignefs : I never obferved any thing elides pieces of grern Leaves, fo big that I could arcc fee the Infed for his Burthen •, yet rhey would archftoutly, and fo many ftill prefling after, that ic i a very pretty Sight, for the Path lookt perfeftly [reen with them. There was one fort of Ants of a ;ck Colour, pretty large, with long Legs ; thefe ^ould march in Troops, as if they were bufie in fking fomewhat •, they were always in hafte, and [illowed their Leaders exactly, let them go whither ey would •, thefe had no beaten Paths to walk in, Dt rambled about like Hunters: Sometimes a Band thefe Ants would happen to march through our iots, over our Beds, or into our Pavilions, nay bmetimcs into our Chefts, and there ranfack every jirt i and where-ever the foremoft went, the reft all ne after : We never difturbed them, but gave them b Liberty to fearch where they pleafed ; and they lald all march off before night. Thefe Companies pre fo great, that they would be two or three lours in puffing by, though they went very faft. [The Fowls of this Country are Humming-Birds, ack-Birds, Turtle-Doves, Pidgeons, Parrots, Para- b, Quams, Correfoes, Turkies, Carrion-Crows, pie- Jacks, Bill-Birds, Cockrecoes, Cifr. T he Hum- ng-Bird is a pretty little feather'd Creature, no gger than a great over-grown Wafp, with a black 1 no liiigger than a fmall Needle, and his Legs and [Vol. II. Ee Fc.c * 1 III 1 I! ' if i- !■ V '. y;» ^6 . .' Widgeons, ^uams. An. 1676. Feet in Proportion to his BoJy. This Creature dc, ^^'Wj not wave his Wings like other Birds when it fiics but kfcps them in a continued quick Niotion Bees or other Inicds, and like them makes a co,i tinu:il humming Noile as it flics. It is very quxl in Motion, and haunts about Flowers and IruiJ like a Bee g.th'Ting Honey, makino; many ^ Addrculs t; .,", c/lighttVi Obje'ts, by vifiiingihen tyn all SiJcb, urd yet flill keeps in Motion, Ibmctimd on oh'^ w i 1 ■, ^iimctimes on the other •, as often rj bounding a Fo^ t two back on a iuddcn, and; quickly returns again, keeping thus about oncFlov er five or fix Minutes, or more. There are two three forts of them, fome bigger than others, bij all very fmall, neither are they coloured alike; tii largeft are ot a bl.ickilli Colour. The Black-Bird is fomcwhat bigger than ours England ; it has a longer Tail, but like them in C(j lour : They are fomctimes called Chattering Crowj bccaufe they chatter like a Magpy. There arc three Sorts of Turtle- Doves (wz.) whirJ breaded Doves, dun-coloured Doves, and Ground Doves. The white Brc.iits are the biggeft -, they ai of a blewifh grey Colour with white Breads •, the are line, round and plump, and al moil as bigasj Pidgeon. The next fort are all over of a dun, lei] than the former, and not fo round. The Ground-Doj is much bigger than a Sky-Lark, of a dull grey, vej round and plump, and commonly runs in Pairs 1 the Ground, and probably thence have their Nan The other two forts fly in Pairs, and feed on Berrid which they commonly gather themfelves from tl Trees where they grow j and all three forts are va good Meat. Pidgeons are not very common here; rhey: left than our Wood-Quefls, and as good Food. The Quam is as big as an ordinary Hen 1 urke] of a blackiih dun Colour ; its Bill like a Turkeyj Correfos Carrion-Cro'jjs. 67 |i:fies about 'niong the Woods *, fccdb on Berries, ^-n. iC-ff>. 'iJisvcry<_^ >d Meat. s.-^'n^ ilicCorn ; y is a larger Fc vl than the Qaam : The Cock isblarV, the He:, i^■ of a dark bro",,i. The Cock has a \ ••ow). of black Feathers on his Hend, '"iapi-ears very llately. T^efe live alfo on Beriies, jiniiare very good to eat; our their Bones arc iaid hbepcifonous •, therefore we do either burn or bu- thcm, or throw them into the Water for fear our jogsfhould eat them. Carrion-Ciows arc blackilh Fowls about the Big- ^tfiof Ravens •, they have bald Heads, and reddifh aid Necks like Turkeys, and therefore by Strangers kbtcome newly from Europe, are often miflaken [orfiich. Thefe live wholly on Flefli, (and are there- re callea Carrion-Crows:) There are great Num- mofth.m: They are heavy, dull Creatures, and Jy their perching long at one place they feem to be pry lazy : yet they are quick enough to find out kir Prey \ for when wc hunt in the Woods or Sa- [annahs, as foon as we have killed a Beaft, they will fimediately flock about us from all Parts, and in kfs than an Hour's Time there will be two or three pdred, though at firft there was not one to be I have fometimes admired from whence fq |iany came fo fuddenly -, for we never fee above two three at a place, before they come to feafl: on a arkafs. Some of the Carrion-Crows are all over ViUte, lit their Feathers look as if they were fullied : They ave bald Heads and Necks like the reft ; they arc th( fame Bigncfs and Make •, without any Diffe- fnce but in Colour ; and we never fee above one two of thefe white ones at a time •-, and 'tis feldom |fo that we fee a great Number of the black ones, Ptwe fee one white one amongft them. [The Logwood-Cutters call the white ones King- arrioa-Crowv, and fay, that they are much bigger Ee 2 than i.H 'itH i! I ':i I - » f .li 68 StiLtle-Jacks. An rard 1 676. chin the others •, and that when a ^rcat Numbc anfembled about a Carcafs, if a King Carrion-Cro be among them, he falls on firft, and none of tk others will tatlc the lead Morfel, till he has fille] his Belly and is withdrawn v nay, they will perching on the Trees about him, without approach ing the Carcafs, till he flies away •, and then in inltant they fall on all together. I have fcen the King Carrion-Crows, but could not pcrceiv them to be bigger than the reft; neither were tlj black ones, their Companions, fo unmannerly to let them cat without Company •, they are ver voracious, and will difpatch a Carcafs in a Trice For tJiat Reafon the Spaniards never kill them, bu fine any one that flvall • And I 'hink there is alio; A(5t m Jamaica that prohibits their Deftrudtion; an the Logwood-Cutters, tho' under no fuch Obligi tion, yet are fo zealoufly fuperftitious, that non will hurt them, for fear of receiving fome Daniag afterwards. Subtle- Jacks are Birds as big as Pidgeons •, they ail moflly blackifh •, the Tips of their Wing- Feathers aj yellowifh, as are alfo their Bills. They have ?.pj culiar and wonderful cunning way of building dil ferent from any others : Their Nefls hang dowj from the Boughs of lofty Trees, whofe Bodies a( clean without Limbs for a confiderable Height ; Ti Branches to which they faften them, are thofe thj fpread farthcll out from the Body ; jnd the veil Extremities of thofe Boughs are only ufed by then On Trees that grow fingle by themfelves at iomei' fiance from others, they build clear rounH ; but| they joyn to others, they make Choice of fudioj ly as are bordering upon aSavannah, Pond or Creel and hang down thofe Nells from thofe Limbs th fpread over their Savannahs, ^c. neglccTtlng fudil arc near other Trees : Their Nefls hanc; down i« or three Foot from the T wi gs to which they Bill' Birds, Whiftlmg-T>ucks. 69 illncd, and look jud likt Cabbage-Ncrs ftuft mt\\^»- "676. iHiy. The Thread that fallens the Ncft to the ^^ wig is made of long Grafs (as is alfo the Nell: it ,jt) very ingenioully twiftcd together: It is but k!l at the Twig •, but near the Nert grows thicker. [fkNert has a Hole in the Side for tiie Bird to en- [trat, and 'tis very pretty to fee twenty or thirty t them hanging round a I'ree. They are all called )ythc Eng'ijh^ Subtlr'.yacks^ bccaufc of tliis uncom- ionway of Building. There are two or three forrs of Bill-Birds, fo call- id by the Knglijhy bccaufc their Bills are almolt as ligas themfelves. The largeft I ever faw are about t^Mto^ Englifh Wood- peckers, and much like lem : There are others of a fniallcr fort ; but hey are not often met with, and I never faw ina- lyof thfm. Cockrecoes are fliort-win.ged Birds, coloured like 'irtridge, but fomewhat lellcr ; neither are fhey l"o ilump and round. They have long I. cgs, delight- igtorun on the Ground among Woods '1 Iwam- ly Phices or near Creeks. Tliey make a loud '•oife Mornings and Evenings, and anfwer one ano- ler very prettily \ and they are extraordinary fwect f'leat. The Water-Fowls are Duck and Mallard j Cur- b's, Herons, Crabcatchers, Pelicans, Cormorants, ^i^ing-Hawks, Men-of- War-Birds, Boobies, ff?r. There are three forts of Ducks, viz. The Muf- ivy, the Whiftling and the common Duck. Muf- >vy-Dacks are lefs than ours, but otherwife exacl- ahke. They perch on old dry Trees, or fuch as I'^e no [.eaves on them, and Icldom light on the round but to feed. Whiftling-Ducks are fome- !iat lefs than our common Duck, but not dittcr- igfrom them in Shape or Colour : In %ing, their ^'ngs make a pretty fort of loud whiftling Noife. 'le alio perch on Trees as the former. "The E c 3 other h ! s!; !■• /, 70 Curlews. Tiiicans. Jh. irtTrt other fort arc like our Common Ducks, both iai "■^^^^^^^ Bignefs ami Colour, und 1 have never obfcrved them I to pitch upon Trees. All three forts arc very good! Meat. Mere are two forts of Curlews ditVerent in Bignefs I and Colour •, the greater arc as bi|2; as Turkeys, with long Legs and long crooked Bills, lik^ a Snipi.'.s, in Length and Bignefs proportionable to the Bulk of their Bodies: iTiey arc of a dark Colour i their Wings black and white •, their Llefh black, butvcryl fwcct and wholclbme : They are call'd l)y the Eniim double Curlews, becaufe they are twice as big as thc| other fort. 'J'he fmall Curlews are of a dufky brown, witli lonfT, Legs and Bills like the former: their Fle(lii$| mod" edcirmed as being the fweetcft. Herons arc like ours in England in Bignefs, Shap; and Colour. Crabcatcl'icrs arc fliapcd and coloured like Herons,| but they are fmaller : They feed on Imall Crabs no bigger t!iat one's Thumb, of which there is greiij XMcnty. Pelicans are large flat-footed Fowls, almoll as b,| as Geefe, and their Feathers in Colour like them! they have (horn Legs, long Necks, and their Billj are about two Inches broad and feventeen or eighteCij long i the fore-part of their Necks or Brealls is barej and covered with a foft, fmooth, yet loofe Skin,l'''.j that about the Necks of Turkies : This Skin is ol the Colour of their Feathers, mixt with a darkan(| light grey, fo cxadly interwoven that it appears ve ry beautiful. They are a very heavy Bird, and \:\ dom fiy far, or very high from the Water : Thej commonly fit on Rocks at fome Diftance fromtlij Shore, where tl:ey may look about them. They lecH to be very melancholy Fowls, by their perching :i| alone.' they fit as if they were fleeping, hokiinj their Heads upright, and refting the ends of the! Bilf Cormorants, ^arricootas. 71 h.ii on tlicir Brciill \ they arc better Meat tlun-^'^'j^^' iBjobb or Mcn-of-War Birtls. Cormorants arc jull like young Ducks in Shape, living Inch Feet and Bills : Tluy arc black with L;[j Urcafts, and live on Imall Filh which they |ukf near the Shore, or on Worms which tlicy [\ci n of the Mud at low Water. Tiicy lallc very By, yet arc indilferenr good Meat, ihey bcin^ vc- Ityut. I Filhing-FIawks arc like our rmallcfl fort of Hawks Lolour aud Sliapc, with fuch Bills and Talons i hey perch upon Stumps of 'i'recs or dry I.imbs bt lung over the Water about Creeks, Rivers or VmW the Sea : and upon Sij^ht of any fmall Fifli par them, they fl«wim along juft over them, and ludiing up the Prey with their Talons, prcfcntly he apain wiLhout touchinjj^ the Water with their [Wings. They don't iVallow the Filh whole as all pincr Fifliing Fowls, that ever I fj.w do, but tear It'.vith their Bills and eat it Piecc-M^al. The Lagunes, Creekb and Rivers arc plentifully fored with great Variety of Filh {viz.) Mullets, poks, Tenpounders, Tarpoms, Cavallies, Parri- botas, Gar-tilh, Stingrays, S<'ainjh Mackril, with puny others. Tenpounders arc fliaped like Mullets, but arc fo [ull of very fmall ititf' Bones, intermixt with the 'eOi, that you can hardly eat them. Kuricootas are long Fiih, widi round Bodies like M.ickril : They have very long Mourhs and Iharp Tecthi they are about ci^Ht or ten huhes round, |nd three Foot and half lo, g. 'V\\ty commonly pnt in Lagunes among inai.vis, or in the Sea near fccSiiorc. ITiey are a floating Filh, and greedily ^ke tliC Hook, and wii] fnap a: Men too in the f\;ircr. Wc commonly take them when we are pdcr Sail, with a Hook towing after our Stern, 'hey are -firm well-tailed Filh •, but 'tis dangerous Ee 4 eating r •■ 'Mp' .N'. I • ?,■ < , i^; 72 Gar-Fijh. Jin. 1 67<5. eating them, for fome Men have been poifon'^d with ^-nr^ them. Divers Perfons are of Opinion that thefe Crea- turcs are poyfonous in fome Places only, anH that but at fome Times of the Year. I knov/ that in nia- ny Parts of the PFefl-Imlies, fome have been injured by eating them, and cjiat at different Seafons of the Year •, therefore Seamen commonly tafte the Li ver before they venture any further; and if thatbsl a biting Tafte like Pepper, they efteem the Fifh un- wholfome, but if not, they eat it : andyetlhavei found even this Rule fail too. I judge the Headl and the Parts near it, to be chiefly venomous. Gar-fifh are round, but neither fo big nor long as the former -, but what is more peculiar, tliey have long bony Snouts, like the Sword-lifli, onlyl as the Sword-fifh's Spo It is flat, and indented like! a Saw on each fide -, fo on the contrary thefe havcj their Snouts like a Spear, round, fmooth and fliarp at the end, and about a Foot long. Thefe are a ford of floaty or flying Fi(h : for they ik'ip along a Food or two above the Water, for the length of twcnri/ or thirty Yards: then they jufl: touch the Edge oj the Water, and fpring forward fo much f.irthtrj and then touch the Water, and fpring forward a| gain, a great many times before they ceafe. Tiiejl dart themfelves with fuch a Force that they ftrikj their Snout through the fides of a Cocton-Tree Qj noa ; and we often fear that they will ftrike qoitj through our very Bodies. ——They are extraori dinary fweet Fifh. Spanifh Mackril are in Shape and Colour likeoiij Mackril, but larger : They arc three Foot or thrtf and half long, and nine or ten Inches about, anj they alio are generally eftcemed very excellent Fil TH enomous. Ray. Turtle. Manatee, 73 The Ray is a flat Fifh, like Skate, and I have feen ^* '^7^* (iret: forts of them •, viz. the Stingray, the Rafp- ^^^V^^ av and the Whipray. The Stingray and Rafpray jTcmuch ahke in fliape •, but the former has three Irfour ftrong Iharp rrickles, near two Inches long, ; the Root of its Tail, which arc fxid to be very tnomoiis, but the reft of his Skin is fmooth. The afpray has a rough knotty Skin wherewith Rafps femade: the Skins of the Jargcft are fo rough, \n\\t Spaniards in fome Places grate their Cafiavy lith them, which is a Root very common all over le Wejl-lndies \ and of which the Spaniards and M'Jh frequently make their Bread i but the faireft bs are ufed to cover Surgeons Inftrument Cafes, lid other fuch fine Things ; but of late tlicy arc tunterfeited, I have been told tliat in Turkey AfTes iins are ftamped with fmall hard Seeds, which gives fm Impreflions like Rafpray. [The Whipray differs from the other two forts, ving a fmall, but longer Tail, and ending with [Knob, Ihaped like a Harpoon. All thefc three Us are much about a Foot and half broad. There yet another fort of thefe flat Filh of the Whipray nd, but of a prodigious bignefs ; I'iz. three or ur Yards Iquarc, and their Tails as long : thefe call Sea-Devils ; they are very ftrong Fifh, and fometimes Gamefom ; but they make an odd gure when they leap out of the Water, tumbling erand over. Neither arc Turtle and Manatee wanting in this i'ane. Here are fome Flawks-bill-Turtle, but the ten Turtle is moft plentiful. They are of a idle fize -, yet here was once a very large one N, as I have mentioned in my Voyages round the w. lere are abundance of Manatee, which are both ge and Ayeet. ii '^.rr'"! II' !^. y ■■■ ' ■ ^: H:^ Alligators i'ilL :\ n 74. Alligators. '^«r 1676. Alligators are alfo in great numbers in all li Creeks, Rivers and Lagunesin the Bay ofCampm and I think that no part of the Univerfe is bc^ ftock'd with them. The Alligator is a Creature Co well known eve v/here, that I fliould not defcribe it, were it not give an Account of the difference between it the Crocodile •, for they refemble each other nearly in their /liape and bulk, as alfo in thi Natures, that they are generally miflakenforthefa Species ; only the one fuppofed to be the Male, other the Female : Whether they are fc or not, "World may judge by the following Obfcrvatioi As to their Bulk and length, I never faw any large as fome I have heard and read of-, butaco ding to my bed Judgment, though I havcfo Thoufands, 1 never met witli any above fixtecn fcventeen Foot long, and as tl\ick as a large C He is Ihaped like a Lizard, of a dark brown Colo with a large Head and very long Jaws, with gn ftrong Teeth, efpecially two of a remarkal Length, that grow out of, and at the very end the under Jaw in the fmalled part, on each fidcc there are two holes in the upper Jaw to receive the otherways he could not fhut his Mouth. It I Jfhort Legs and Broad Claws, with a long Tail. T Head, Back and Tail is fenced with pretty ScaleSj joyned together with a very thick toui Skin : Over its Eyes there are two h:ud fcaly Kno! as big as a Mans Fill, and from the Head to tiic T along the Ridge of his Back 'tis full oil knotty hard Scales, not like Fifli-Scales, which loofe, but fo united to the Skin, that it is :.i. with it, and can't be taken afunder, but with :i li. Knife. From the Ridge of the Back down on Ribs towards' the Belly, (which is of a dusky yeli' colour like a Frog) there are many of thck.^tvJ but not fo fubftantial nor fo thick placed as iheoi Ti ■, .1 'I • Vi M 1 fhe Crocodile and Alligator differ, 75 j'e Scales are no hindrance to him in turning •, An, 1676 ^will turn very quick, confidering his length. V^V^^- fcen he goes on Land his Tail drags on the und. heFlelh fmells very flrong of Musk ; efpecially If Kernels or Cods that are always found about 1, two of which grow in the Groin, near each jh; the other two at the Breafl, one under each e-ifg, and about the bignefs of a Pullets Egg ; cfore when we kill an Alligator, we take out [e, and having dried them wear them in our ts for a perfume. The Flefh is feldom eaten in cafe of NecefTity, becaufe of its ftrong r.t. ^'ow the Crocodile hath none of thefe Kernels, bher doth his Flefh tafte at all ivlusky, therefore jffnied better Food. He is of a yellow Colour, |tner hath he fuch long Teeth in his under Jaw, : Crocodile's Legs alfo are longer, and when it i on Land, it bears its Tail above the Ground, and nsup the tip of it in a round Bow, and the Knots |the Back are much thicker, higher and firmer rhofe of the Alligator ; and differ alfo as to I Places where they are found. For in fome Parts, [here in the Bay of Campeachy, arc abundance of figators, where yet I never faw nor iieard of any pcodiles. At the Ifle Grand CaymaneSy there are bcodiles, but no Alligators. At Pirns by Cuba^ [re are abundance of Crocodiles, but I cannot fay ire are no Alligators, tho' I never faw any there. |th Kinds are called Cay7nanes by the Spnniards 5 |rtfore probably they may reckon them for the ne. And I know of no other difference, for they khlay Eggs alike, which are not diflinguifhablc: to pye : They are as big as a Goofe -Egg, but much kger, and good Meat •, yet the Alligators Eggs tallc hiMubky : They prey both alike in either Element, for i 1;^ , ; ft' 76 ^ogs and Alligators, >». 1676. for they love Fleili as well as Fifli, and will livj -ither trefh or fait Water. Befide thefe Creatun I know none that can live any where, or upon fort of Food, like them. *Tis reported, thatth love Dog's-Flefh better tlian any other Flefh w| foever. This I have feen with my own Eyes, til our Dogs were fo much afraid of them, that tlj would not very willingly drink at any gfcatRp or Creek where thofe Creatures might lurk ai hide thcmfelves, unleis they were (th'ou^h \ cefliry ) conftrained to it \ and tlien tiiey woii fl-and five or fix Foot from the brink of t| Creek or River, and bark a confiderable ;iii before they would Adventure nearer ; and tli even at the fight of their own Shadows m Water, they would again retire to the Ph from whence they came, and bark vehementlyl long time •, fo that in the dry Seafon, when thJ was no frefli Water but in Ponds and Creeks, ufed to fetch it our felves and give it our Dr and many times in our Hunting, when we caij to a large Creek that we were to pafs throiii^ our Dogs would not follow us •, fo that we old took them in our Arms, and carried them over, Befides the fore-mentioned difference betwej the Alligator and Crocodile \ the latter is \ counted more fierce and daring than the All tor : Therefore when we go to the Ifles of h\ or Grand' Caymanes to hunt, we arc often lefted by them, c^fpecially in the Night. in the Bay of Campeachyy where there arc ly Alligators, I did never know any Ml chief done by them , except by accident Ml run themfelves into their Jaws. I renrmb one Inflance of this Nature, which is as fij lows. : ; Alligators Biting. 7f ithcvcry height of the dry time fcven or eight ^». K^/fi. [Inglijh and InJJj) went to a place called s^V^^ iPcwJ, on Beef-JJIafich to hunt. This Pond was L dry, fo that the Cattle drew hither in Iwarms, lafur two or three days Hunting they were fhy, uouU not come to the Pond till Night, and lif an Army of Men had lain to oppofe them, jty would not have been debarr'd of Water. The Inters knowing their Cufloin, lay flill all Day, in the Night vifited this Pond, and killed as jiy Beefs as they could. This I'rade they had Ivtn a Week, and made great profit. At length |/'.y^' man going to the Pond in the Night, ftumb- over an Alligutor that lay in the Path: The |lig;itor fcized him by the Knee •, at which the tin cries out, Ildp! help I jhis Con forts not know- v/hat the matter was, ran all away from their |[$, lappofing that he was fallen into the Clutches |lome Spaiiiards, of whom they were afraid every Stafon. But poor Daniel not finding any Al- [ance, waited till the Bead opened his Jaw to l^t better hold •, becaufe it is ulual for the AUiga- 10 do lb i and then fnatch'd away his Knee, and pt the Bat- end of his Gun in the room of it, iichthc Alligator griped fo hard, that he puli*d [out of his Pland and fo went away. The im being near a fmall Tree climb*d up out of reach •, and then cried out to , his Conforts to ne and afTiR him i who being Hill within Call, p watching to hear the IiTue of the Alarm, ik hafte to him with Fire-brands in their lands, and brought him away in their Arms his Hut •, for he was in a deplorable Con- lion, and not able to ftand on his Feet, his |r.ec was fo torn with the Alligator's Teeth. I His Gun was found the next Day ten or twelve x;i from the place where he was feized, with tw© ■fi •it ' t f [I ii! 7 8 Alligators. '>f». i576.two large Holes made in the But-end of it, '•^V^^ on each fide, near an Inch deep ; for I faw Gun afterwards. This fpoiled their i'port fo time, they being forced to carry the Man to Ifland '/ir//?, where there Ships were, which fix or {twQ,r\ Leagues diftant. This Irijh-Man went afterwards to A't'w-f^j'J to be cured, in a Ship belonging to Bo(\o}\ nine or ten Months after returned to the Bay agi being recovered of his Wound, but went limpj ever after. This was all the mifchief that ever I heard done in the Bay of Ca?nfeachy, by the CreViij cali'd Alligators. ;■ I ^\ CHA i ll ,; , ,. k C H A P. II, ^jood Mens way of Living. Their Hun- ';«(/ for Beefs in Canoas. Alligators. The kthors fetling '-joith Logijjood-Men. He ts Wnfin Hunting, Captain Hall and his Mens iildjlcr. The "-jjay of prefaving Bullocks Elks. Two hairy Worms growing in the Uiitbor's Leg. T>angcrous Leg-wor^ns in tk Wert- Indies. The Author ftrangely cured l^f one. A violent <^torm. A 'Defcription b/ Beef- 1 Hand : its Fruits and Animals. The Spaniards way of hockfing Cattle. Their care Ic/ prefervi?tg their Cattle, The waflejul mf.niilwn made of them by the Englifh and Ifrcnch 'Privateers, The Authors narrow Wcapefrom an Alligator. H E Logwood-Cutters (as I laid before) in- habit the Creeks of the Eail and Weft La- nes in fmall Companies, building their Huts cioic Jthe Creeks fides for the beneftt of the Sea-Breezes, Ineirthe Logwood Groves as they can, removing en to be near their Buiinef;> ; yet when they xrc N in a good open Plaee, they chufc rather to go 1 Mile in their Canoas to work, than lofe that Bvtnience. Tho' they build their Huts but flight- yet they take care to thatch them very well with F or Palmeto Leaves, ro prevent the Rains, kiare there very violent, from foakingin. jfif. 1576; ill ' 't I For M> Logwood Cutters. \\\ I >». 1676. For their Bedding they raiTe a Barbecue, 1/%^ wooden Frame ; Foot and a half above GrounJ one fide of the lloult.' •, and flick up four Stakes 1 each corner one, to fiiflcn their Pavilions ; out which here is no flceping lor Moskitots. Another Frame tliey raile covered wiili I'arth a Flearth to drefs their Viftuals : and a third to at when they eat it. During the wet Seafon, the Land where Logwood grows is fo overflowed, that they lUpfr^ their Beds into the Water perliaps two Foot dej and continue ftanding in the wet all Day, till [\ go to bed again •, but neverthek fs account it befl: Seafon in the Year for doing a good Day's hour in. Some fell the Trees, others f;:w and cut then is convenient Logs, and one chips off the Sap, he is commonly a principal Man *, and when Tree isfo thick, that after it has lodged, krum flill too great a Burcheri for one Man, we blow] up with Gun-powder. The Logwood-Cutters arc generally fturdy ftro Fclbws, and will carry Burthens of three or fo| hundred Weight j but every Man is left to his cho to carry what he pleafeth, and commonly they ag very well about it: For they are contented to hour very hard. But when Ships come from Jamaica with Rij and Sugar, they are too apt to mifpend both tii Time and Money. If the Commanders of th Ships arc Free, and treat all that come the Day with Punch, they will be much rerpedted,i| every Man will pay honeftly for what he driij afterwards j but if he be niggardly, they will him with their woifl: V/ood, and commonly have a Hock of fuch laid by for that purpoij nay, they will clieat them with hollow Woodh' with dir: in rhc middle and both ends plugg-l Beef Hunting. Hji a piece of the fame drove in hard, and then-^*- ttd off fo neatly, that it's hard to Hnd our the ^^ celt i but if any Man come to purchafe with Bills Lyabie at Jamaica^ they will be fure to give him the [llWood. )ln fome places, efpecially in the Weft Creek, of IWeft Lagunc, they go a Hunting every Satur- L to provide themfelves with Beef for the Week kiowing. [The Cattle in this Country are large and fat in Fe- wrv, March and April: At other times of the inrthey are fleiliy, but not fat, yet fweet enough. fhen ihcy have killM a Beef, they cut it into four (larcers, and taking out all the Bones, each Man ikes a hole in the middle of his Quaiccr^ juft big flugh tor his Head to go thro*, then puts it on like Frock, and trudgeth home i and i'f he chances lo t, he cuts off fome of it^ and flings it away. [It is a Diverfion plcalant enough, though not piitfome danger, to hunt ii a Canoa •, for then :C;utle having no oth-man who del ^*''^^'>r^ figninp; to go with Goods from Jamaica to Nevj-hj laud i tor that reafon when his Logwood was aboarc tarried at 'Trift with the Ship, and hunted once ij two or three Days for Beef to lengthen out his Saj Provifion. One Morning the Captain dcfigning tl hunt, took five of his Men, with his Mate, as J his Mercliant Mr. Cr^«<: along witli him. ThcylanJ ed at the Eaft-end of the Ifland, which is low Mii grczc-Land i the Savannah is a confiderable diftan^ from the Sea, and therefore troublefome to get it. However, unlcfs they would row four or h Leagues farther, they could not find a more coil vcnicnt place •, bcfide, they doubted not of Mr.Ca;.?j fkill to conduct them. After they had followed hi] a Mile or two into the Woods, the Captain fcein him to make a Halt (as being in fome doubtj confidcr of the way, told him in derifion, that was but a forry Woodfman, and that he won fwing him but twice round, and he fhould notgud^ the way out again ; and faying no more to hij went forwards, and bid his Seamen follow hiij which they did accordingly. Mr. Ca?7C, after he i recolle6led himfelf, ftruck off another way, and( fired them to go with him : But inllead of th^ they were all for following tho Captain. In a lli^ Time Mr. Cane got out of thft Woods into the ' vannah, and there killed a good fat Cow, andquj tering it, made it fit for Carriage, fuppofing Crptain and Crew would foon be with him. after waiting three or four Hours, and firing his( Ifveral Times, without hearing any Anfwer, to np his Burden and returned towards the Sea-liJ and upon giving a fignal a Boat came and brouj him aboard. In the mean Time the Captain and] Men after four or five Hours ranging the Woo began to grow tired, and then his Mate hapj trulling more to his own Judgment, left him Captain Hall loft. 87 Lfour Seamen, and about four or five a Clock, be- '^'»- '<^7^ Lalmoft fpent with Thirft, got out of the Woods ^^"V^^ jtheSea-fliore, and as weak as he was, fired hisGim jor the Boat to fetch him, which was immediately one. When we came aboard he gave an Account where- out, and in what a Condition he left the Captain i',d his Men ; but it being then too late to feck him, next Morning very early Mr.C^«^ and two Sea- n taking Directions from the Mate Cwho was fo Aligned that he could not ftir) where he had left the Optaln, went afhore, and at length came within of him, and at laft found him laid down in a riiicket, having jultfenfe to call out fometimes, but 0: Strength enough to (land ; fo they were forced ) carry him to the Sea- fide. When they had a little tfrelhed him with Brandy and Water, he told them low his Company had fainted for Thirft, and drop'd own one after another, though he ftill encouraged (km to be chearful and reft themfelves a while, till kcgot fome fupplies of Water for them ; that they Lfre very patient, and that two of his Men held out five a Clock in the Afternoon, and then they fiinred alfo ; but he himfelf proceeded in queft of pis way till Night ; and then fell down in the place ifhere they then found him. The two Seamen carried the Captain aboard, while ^\:,Cane fearched about for the reft, but to no pur- ofe; for he returned without them, and could ne- ^er hear of them afterwards. This was a warning to me never to ftraggle from ny Conforts in our Hunting. But to proceed. When my Month's Service was up, in which time ^e brought down all the Wood to the Creek-fide, was prefently pay'd my Tun of Logwood ; with ^hich, and fome more that 1 borrowed, I bought a [ittlc Provifion, and was afterwards entertained as a F f 4 Com- vmY { , r 4;' 1 •, • % m ■ W'l ■" fit' iiii 10. ; ' . •■ H 1 ! M, ri: \ "**l' ss Bullocks Hides, "An. 1676 Companion at Work with fomc of my forme ^^V^ Mailers ; for they prefently broke up Confortfliii] Jetting the Wood lye till either Mr. Weft came 1 fetch it, according to his Contra6t, or elfe till the fhould otherwife difpofe of it. Some of then immediately went to Beef-IJland to kill Bullod; for their Hides, which they preferve by pegg'm them out very tite on the Ground. Firft they tur the flefliy-fidc, and after the Hair upwards, lettb them lye fo till they are very dry. Thirty-twJ ftrong Pegs as big as a Man*s Arm, are requirel to ft retch the Hide as it ought to be. When the] are dry they fold them in the middle from Headtj Tail, with the Hair outward ; and then hang then crofs a ftrong Pole, fo high that the ends may no touch the Ground, 40 or 50 one upon another, an| once in three Weeks or a Month they beat then with great Sticks, to ftrike off the Worms M breed in the Hair, and eat it off, which fpoils th Hide. When they are to be ftiip'd off", they foal them in fait Water to kill the remaining Worms! and while they are yet wet they fold them infou folds, and afterwards ipread them abroad again tj dry. When they are fully dry, they fold them u| :igain, and fo fend them aboard. I was yet aStnn ger to this Work, therefore remained with threci the old Crew to cut more Logwood. My Confori| ■were all three Scotcb-Mtn •, one of them named P'M Morrice had lived there fome Years, and was Mifte of a pretty large Periago •, for without fome foni Boat, here is no ftirring from one place to anothej The other two were young Men that had been bre Merchants, viz. Mr. Duncan Campbell • and Mr.Gwrj — Thefe two not liking either the Place or Emplo^ ment, waited an Opportunity of going away by thj firft Ship that came hither to take in Logwood. Aa cordingly not long after the above-mentioned Cm Hall of Bojlofiy came hither on that defign, andwi fraighti Strange Leg-worms, Sp sighted by them with 40 Tun. It was agreed that ^^^,^25* me (hould ftay behind to cut Logwood ; but ffhill Ihould go to New-England to fell this Car- and bring back Flour, and fuch other Commo- tes that were proper to purchafe Hides and Log- in the Bay. This retarded our Bufinefs •, for did not find Price Morrice very intent at Work : 'tis like he thought he had Logwood enough. 1 1 have particularly obferved there, and in other ices, that fuch as had been well-bred, were gene- iy moft careful to improve their Time, and would I very induftrious and frugal, when there was any obability of confiderable Gain. But on the con- bry, fuch as had been inurM to hard Labour, and [it their Living by the fweat of their Brows, when icy came to a Plenty, would extravagantly fquan- [away their Time and Money in Drinking and iing a Blufter. [To be Ihort, I kept to my Work by my felf, till I i hindered by a hard, red, and angry Swelling like oyl, in my right Leg ; fo painful that I was fcarce |!e to (land on it : but I was diredled to roaft and [ply the Roots of White Lillies (of which here is itat plenty growing by the Creek fides) to draw |to a Head. This I did three or four Days, without Benefit. At laft I perceived two white Specks I the middle of the Boil •, and fqueezing it, two white Worms fpurted out : I took them botii I in my Hand, and perceived each of them to be (relied with three Rows of black, Ihort, (liffHair, ning clear round them *> one Row near each end ; : other in the middle ; each Row diftind from o- fr; and all very regular and uniform. The Worms re about the bignefs of a Hen*s Quill, and about «e fourths of an Inch long. t never Yaw Worms of this fort breed in any Ivlan's p. Indeed Guinea Worms are very Sequent in He Places of die JVaJl- Indies^ cfpecially at Cura- fao i i' t 1', !l • Ll: •I !i i I I 90 A flrange Cure. Am, •6'/6y^^ . »jp|^gy \ycttA as well in Whites as Negroes ; Ai; becaufc that Ifland was formerly a MagazinofNj groes, while the Dutch drove that Trade with tli SpaniarJsj and the Negroes were moft fubjeft them -, 'twas therefore believed that other Peopi took them by Infection from them. I rather judj that they are generated by drinking bad Water •, an *tis as likely that the Water of the other Ifland jiruha and Bonariry may produce the fame EfFciSlsl for many ot thofe tiiat went with me from thence Virginia (mentioned in my former Volume) wej troubled with them after our Arrival there : para cularly I my felf had one broke out in my Ancli after I had been there five or fix Months. ThefcWorr irc no bigger than a large brofl Thread, but fas I have heard j five or fix Yards U and if it breaks in drawing out, that part which ri mains in the Ficfli will putrifie, and be very painful and indanger the Patient's Life ; or at lead the ufe( that Limb : and I have known fome tliat have bej fcarified and cut ftrangely, to take out the Worn I was in great Torment before it came out Leg and Ancle fwell*d and look'd very red and A gry ; and I kept a Plaifter to it to bring it to a Hc^l At laft drawing off my Plaifler out came about thrj Inches of the'Worm i ^and my Pain abated prekntlj Till then I was ignorant of my Malady ; and tif Gentlewomen, at whofe Houfe I was, took it for) Nerve •, but I knew well enough what it was, li prefently roll'd it up on afmall Stick. After tbtj opened it every Morning and Evening, and ftrairj it out gently, about two Inches at a time, notwiij out fome paiu, till at length I had got out about i Foot. Riding with one Mr. Ri chat dfi/j, whowasgoiij to a Negro to have his Hoife cured of a gi'll Back, I alked the Negro if he could undertake i Leg : whith he did very readily •? and in the infj Leg-worms, jie I obfcrved his Method in curing the Horfe *, -^w [iichwas this. Firft he ftrokM the fore Place, then ' plying to it a little rough Powder, which looked iTobacco-l.eaves dryed and crumbled Imall, and ribling fome "Words to himfelf, he blew upon the three times, and waving his Hands as often over faid, it would be well fpeedily. His Fee for the larewas a white Cock. Then coming to me, and looking on the Worm imy Ancle, he promifcd to cure it in tiirce Days, nanding alfo a white Cock for his Pains, and u- jexaftly the fame Method with me, as he did with ^eHorfe. He bad me not open it in three Days ; Btl did not (lay fo long *, for the next Morning the 3oath being rubb*d otF, I unbound it, and found ; Worm broken off, and the hole quite heialed up. [was afraid the remaining Part would have given ne Trouble, b' - have not felt any Pain there from kDay to this. To return. I told you how I was interrupted in Allowing my Work, by the Worm's breeding in my And to compleat my Misfortune, prefently ifier we had the mod violent Storm for above 24 lours, that ever was known in thefe Parts. An Ac- [ojntof which I fliall give more particularly in my \mrfe of Windi^ and ihall now only mention fome " " ies. I have already faid, we were four of us in Compa- |iyat this Place cutting Logwood : and by this Storm ^cre reduced to great Inconveniencies ; for while hat lafted we could drefs no Viduals, nor even now [was over, unlefs we had done it in theCanoa •, for he higheft Land near us was alnioft three Foot un- Her Water: befides our Provifion too was moil of it [poiled, except the Beef and Pork, which was buc Vie the worle. I We had a good Canoa large enough to carry us Mi and feeing ic in vain today here any longer, we all 91 \6^i^ I . /'i li 92 Ships fore d afbore. '^». i67tf. all embarked and rowed away to One-Bujh-Kis '^^'^^ bout four Leagues from our Huts. There were foi Ships riding here, when the Storm began : but our Arrival we found only one, and hoped to ha got fome Refrefhment from it, but found very col Kntertainment : For we could neither get Bread n Punch, nor fo much as a Dram of Rum, though offered them Money for it. The Reafon was, thi were already over-charged withfuchas being diftri fed by the Storm, had been forced to take Sanftua with them. Seeing we could not be fupplied hci we afked which way the other three Ships were d ven ? they told us that Captain Prottt of New-h land was driven towards Trifle and 'twas probable was carried out to Sea, unlefs he ftruck on a Sani called the Middle-Ground', that Captain Skinmr New-England was driven towards Beef-IJland \ am Captain Chandler of London^ drove away towan Man-of'lVar Lagune. Beef-IJland Iks North from One-Bu/hKey \ butti other two Places lie a little on each fide : One to ti Eaft •, the other to the Weft. So away we went foi Beef-IJland : and coming within a League of ir, wi faw a Flag in the Woods, made faft to a Pole, am placed on the Top of a high Tree. And comin[ Hill nearer, we at laft faw a Ship in the Woods, a bout 200 Yards from the Sea. We rowed direftl towards her ; and when we came to the Woods fidej found a pretty clear Paffage made by the Ship thro the Woods, the Trees being all broke down ; an about three Foot Water Home to the Ship. W rowed in with our Canoa, and went aboard, am were kindly entertained by the Seamen : but tb Captain was gone aboard Captain Prout, whoftuci faft on the middle Ground before-mentioned. Ca| tain Prout*s Ship wa^ afterwards got ofl' again but the Stumps of the Trees ran clear through tii bottom of Captain Skimtar^^ therefore there was ni A Storm. 91 ^ of fiiving her. Here we g )t Vidluals and An. 1676; anch, and ftaycd about two Hours, in which Time ^^ ' Captain came aboard and invited us to ftay all ight. But hearing fome Guns fired in Man-of^ ifLiiuMf we concluded that Captain Chandler there, and wanted Afliftance. Therefore wc [fntly rowed away thither, for wc could do no ice here i and before Night found him alfo k fall on a Point of Sand. The Head of his ;;:ch was dry, and at the Stern there was above r Foot Water. Our coming was very feafonable Captain Chandler^ with whom we ftayed two Days : which Time we got out all his Goods, carried off is Anchor, iJc, and fo not being able as yet to dp more Service, we left him for the prcfent, and t away to hunt at Beef-IJlarJ, At 'trijl were four Vefiels riding before this itorm i one of them was driven off to Sea, and ver heard of afterwards. Another was caft dry jn the (horc, where (he lay and was never got (again : But the third rode it out. Another was ling without the Bar of TVi/?, and fhe put to Sea, ndgot to New-Er,gland \ but much Ihattered. A- out three Days before this Storm began, a fmall JjlTei, commanded by Captain r^//y, went hence, ound to Jamaica, This Veffel was given for loft [yall the Logwood-Cutters \ but about four Months ier Ihe returned thither again •, and the Captain lid he felt nothing of the Storm, but when he was aut 30 Leagues to Windward of Tri/?, he had a hlh Simmafenta IVind that carried him as high as i^tCondecedo ; but all the Time he faw very black pouds to the Weftward. Beef-IJIand is about feven Leagues long, and three four broac'. It lies in length Eaft and Weft. \k Eaft-end looks towards the Ifland Triit ; and is k drowned Land : and near the Sea produceth ' ig but white and black Mangrove-Trees. The North. ;!^^'} ifl V J.I I ;*' •'i 94- Becf-Illaiid. Am, i6j6. Uonh-fi'\c lies Open to tlic Main Srrt, nnnift ^^"^^^ llraijrlu from Ea(l to Weft. The FaflcrmoU ,J for about three Leagues from 7>/,^ is 1 ,ow and mA grovy 1 at the end of which there is a fmall fj Cre^K, deep enough at high Water for Bouis pal's. From this Creek to the Weft-end, is fourLeagt all fandy Bay, clofcd on the back-fide with ale Sand-bank, abounding with thick prickly Bufhe like a White-thorn ; bearing a vvhitifh hard Oislj Fruit, as big as a Sloe, much like a Calfabai The Weft-end is wafhed with the River St. Pd Sr. Paul. This end is over-grown with red MaJ groves. About three Leagues up from the Moui of this River ftioots forth a fmall Branch, runnin to the Eaftward, and dividing Reef-IJland from tfl Main on the South, and afterwards makes a greJ Lake of frcfti Water, called FreJh-IVater U^ui This afterwards falls into a fait Lake, called Afiij of'lVar Lngune •, which empties it fclf into hpii Tennina, about two Leagues from the South-Ei Point of the Ifland. ■ The in fide or middle of this Ifland Is a Savannali bordered all round with Trees, moft Mangrovy tither black, white or red, with fome Logwood. The South-fide, between the Savannahs and tli Mangroves is very rich. Some of this Land lyes Ridges higher than the Savannahs. The Savannahs produce plenty of long Grafs, an the Ridges curious high flouriihing Trees of divo forts. - The Fruits of this Ifland are Penguins^ both red an yellow, Guavers, Sapadilloes, Limes^ Oraiigfs, Thefc laft but lately planted here by a Colony of/d ans ; who revolted from tht Spaniards and fettled hfij It is no new Thing for the Indians in thefewoo Parts of America^ to fly away whole Towns once, and fettle themfelves in the unfrequenn WooJ Indian Jlammockt, 95 foods to enjoy their Freedom ; and if they are^». i^'/6. Jcntally difcovcrcd, they will remove ajrain i -^^ ">rf iich they ciifily do •, their HoufljoKi-Goods ucing jlf c'fe but their Cotton Hammocks, and their iliibafrcs. They build every Man his own \ loule, tyc up their Hammocks between two 'J rccs *, [iicrtin they deep till their Hoiilcs arc made. The (ioods afford them ibme Subliltente, as Pecar-j and ^yrt'^ but they that are thus llroling (or 7fiorocf!' 5, as the Spaniards call 11) have i'Kintain-Walks ; no Man knows buttlK-mlclvcs, and from thence ty have their Food, till they have railol Plantati- iProvifion near their r.cw built Town. 'Ihey clear imore Ground than what rliey adually employ Jdf their Subfillence. 'I hey make no Tadis : buc (bthey go tar from Home, tlicy break now and p a Bough, letting it hang down, which Icrves I a Mark to guide tiiem in their return. It' they kppcn to be difcovcrcd by other liuUans, inhabit- ;ilill among the Stamardsy or do but miftrult it, t) immediately fhift their Qiiarters to another llice. This large Country affording them good fat ind enough, and very Woody, ^ and therefore a iropcr Sanduary for them. I It was ibme of thefe fugitive Imlians that came live at Beef-IJland v where, befides gaining their [reedom from the Spaniards^ they might fee their friends and Acquaintance, that had been taken fomc jbe before by the Privateers, and fold to the Log- jood-Cutters, with whom fome of the Women lived fll, tho' others of them had been condudled by them their own Habitations. It was thefe ^omen after their return made known the kind ntertainment that they met with from the EngUfh ; |id perfwaded their Friends to leave their Dwellings far the Spaniards^ and fettle on this Ifland •, and py had been here almoll! a Year before they were [(covered by the EagUJh : and even then were ac- cidentally ' \%\ /v/jL \^, 96 Bccf-Ifland Animals, Jbi. i676.cidentally found out by the Hunters, as they fcHoJ ^■^^V"^ ed their Game. They were not very fhy all the tiri I lived there ; but I know that upon the leaftdifey they would have been gone. The Animals of this Ifland are, S(iuajhes in abu, dance. Porcupines, Guanoes, Pojfoines, Pecary^ J)e^ Horfes, and Horn-Cattle. This Ifland does properly belong to Johnd* Acni a Spaniard of Campeachy Town, who poflTeffed when the Englijh firft came hither to cut Logwoo His Habitation was then at the Town of Campeacbl but in the dry Seafon he ufed to come hither in) Bark, with fix or feven Servants, and fpend twoi three Months in hockfing and killing Cattle, on for their Hides and Tallow. The Engiijb Logwood-Cutters happened oncej come hither, whilft John d* Acojia was there j aq he hearing their Guns, made towards then, and i fired them to forbear firing ; becaufe it would mai the Cattle wild ; but told them that any Time whj they wanted Beef, if they fent to him he would hd as many as they pleafed, ?.nd bring the Meat to did Canoas. The Englijh thankfully accepted his OfFej and did never after fhoot his Cattle •, but fent him when they wanted *, and he (according to Promife) fupplied them. This created him foniuj Friendfliip, that they intended when they return^ to Jamacia to bring him a Prefent, and Goods fo to Trade with him -, which would have bcj very Advantagious to both Parties : but fomc his Servants acquainted the Townfmen of it, his return to Campeachy. And they being Jealous the Englijh, and envying him, coin plained to til Governour ; who prefently call him into Prifof where he remained many Years : This happen about the Year 71 or 72. Thus the Projeft Trading with the Englijh mifcarried here, and Jffl d* AcoJla was forced to relinquifli his Right of tli pleafai Hockfing Cattle. 97 itand profitable Ifland, leaving it wholly to the^»« 16"'^. M ; for neither he nor any other Spaniard ever ^^^V\i jc hither afterward to hocks Cattle. [This way of Hockfing Bullocks feems peculiar to Spaniards •, efpecially to thofe that live herea- Bts, who are very dextrous at it. For this Rea- ifome of them are conftantly employed in it all .Year-, and fo become very expert. The Hdckfer [mounted oa a good Horfe, bred up to the Sport *, I knows fo well when to advance or retreat upon afion, that the Rider has no trouble to manage His Arms is a Hockfing Iron, which is made Itlic Shape of a Half-Moon, and from one Corner lie other is about fix or fcven Inches ; with a Iharp Edge. [this Iron is faftned by a Socket to a Pole abouC teen or fifteen Foot long. When the Hockfer is Idunted, he lays the Pole over the Head of his brfe, with the Iron forward, and then rides after [Game ; and having overtaken it, fl:rikes his Iron [above the Hock, and hamfl:rings it. The Horfe tfently wheels off to the left ; for the wounded makes at him prefently with all his Force v ; he fcampers away a good Difl:ance before he nes about again. If the Hamfiiring is not quite [afunder with the Stroke, yet the Bullock by con- fpringing out his Leg, certainly breaks it : then can go but on three Legs, yet ftill limps wd to be revenged on his Enemy. Then the \^ltr rides up foftly to him and ft:rikes his Iron the Knee of one of his fore- Legs ; and then [inimcdiately t mbles down. He gets off his rfe, and takir^, a fiiarp-pointed ftrong Knife, bit into his Pole, a little belilnd the Horns, fo TouQy that at one Blow he cuts the String of his kj and down falls his Head. This they call \% Then the Hockfer immediately mounts, and after more Game, leaving the other to the OL. II, Gg Skinners ' ( I < :i 98 Weft-Indies Jlock'J with Cattle. An^iejC Skinners, ^ho are at hand, and ready to take ' ' his Hide. The right Ear of the Hockfing-Horfe by Weight of the Pole laid conftantly over it when] Duty, hangs down always, by which you may kr it from other Horfes. The Spaniards pick and chufe only the Bulls i old Cows, and leave the young Cattle to breed i which means th^y always preferve their Stock eW On the contrr y, the EngUJh and French kill with! Diftinftion ; yea, the Young rather than the without regard of keeping up their Stock. Jm is a 'remarkable Inftance of this our Folly in Particular. For when it was firft taken by the lijhy the Savannahs were well ftockt with Cattle j were foon all deftroyM by our Soldiers, who fuffej great Hardfhips afterwards for it : and it was nc ftock'd again till Sir Thomas Lineh was Governo He fent to Cuba for a Supply of Cattle, which I now grown very plentiful, becaufe every Man knj his own proper Goods. Whereas before, when th was no Property, each Man deftroyed as laft ai could. The French (\ think) are greater Deftr ers than the Engliflj. Had it not been for the great care of the Spam in (locking the VFefi-Tndies with Hogs and Bulk the Privateers muft have llarved. But now the Mi as well as the Ifland, is plentifully provided ; pj cularly the Bay of Campeachy, the Iflands of Ci PineSy Hifpaniola, Portarica, &c. Where, befi wild Hogs, there are Abundance of Crawls or farms ; in fome of which, I have heard, there] no lefs than 1500. This was the main Subfiftencj the Privatecia. But to return again to Becf-IJland. . Our hi Hunters have much leflen'd the numbers of the! tie there. And thofe that are left, by conftantlli(| ing now are grown fo wild and defperate, thJ danger in Hunting, 99 [imgerous for a fingle Man to fire at them, or io^'*- ^^7^* (ore through the Savannahs. For the old Bulls ^^'"V^^ have been formerly (hot, will make at him : ley will all draw up in Battalia to defend them- upon our Approach ; the old Bulls in the ot; Dehind them the Cows, in the fame manner ; Ibfhind them the youngXattle. And if we to wheel about to gef in the Reer, the Bulls certainly face about that way, and ftill prefent front to us. Therefore we feldom ftrivc to fhoot [out of a great Herd ; but walk about in the s, clofe by the Savannah ; and there we light lour Game. The Bead makes direcflly at the Dter, if it be defperately wounded fas I have ex- ncedmyfelf) but if but (lightly, they co»- il)' run away. The old Hunters tell us, tliat a is more dangerous of the two ; becaufe they Ihe runs at her F.nemy with her Eyes open ; , ItiicBull fliuts his, fo that you may eafily avoid But this I cannot affirm upon my own Know- arid rather doubt the Truth of it i for I knew [Ihrewdly gor*d by a Bull. He was a Confort I Mr. Baker, in the Well Lagune ; where having Ithemfelves with cutting of Logwood, they took pfion to go in their Canoa to Beef-JJland, to re- themfelves their a Fortnight or three Weeks ; [ofe here were feveral forts of Fruits, and Plenty abbage to eat with their frefli Beef, which they not fail CO meet with. They came to a Place I the Salt-Creek \ and there built them a Hut. at four a Clock, while Mr. Baker lay down to his Confort march'd out into the Saviinnah, a Mile from their Huts ; and there coming Shot of a Bull, wounded him defperate- butyet the Bull had ftill fo much Screngtl: hik Ipurfue and overtake his Adverfary, trampling i 5 and goring his Thigfi, fo that he was not able G g 2 to '?_ii loo An Escape from an Alligator. An, 1676 to rife. The Bull by this Time was fpent, and; down dead by him : And there the Man had 1 periflied, if Mr. Baker had not conie the next Mc jng to feek him •, who finding him by the dead Be took him on his Back, and lugg'd him home to tlj Hut. The next Day he put him in his Canoa, delivered him aboard a Ship, into the Hands i Surgeon, who cured him in a little time. I told you we left Capt. Chandler^ with a Del! of going to Beef-IJland^ to fpend fomc time inHJ ting at Pies Pondy before mentioned. But beforcl came thither we went afhore to kill a Beef for sj per *, where I was furprized with an odd Accid( Pairing through a fmall Savannah, about two] three Foot deep, we fmelt a ftrong Scent of anj Ugator •, and prefently after I ftumbled over and fell down immediately. I cry'd out for Hej but my Conforts, inftead of aflifting me, ran a( towards the Wood. I had no fooner got up to foil them, but I ftumbled on him a fecond time ; third time alfo ; e|cpe£ting ft ill when I fell dov be devoured. Yet at laft I got out fafe ; bu| frighted that I never cared for going through j Water again as long as I was in the Bay. CH- CHAP. IV. h River St. Peter Sf. Paul. The Mountain- Co'ju and Hippopotamus. Tobafco IJland. Qua- vers. Tobalco River. Manatee. Villa dc Mofa. Eftapo. Halapo. Tacatalpo dc Sierra. hall Bees. Indians. Tarttllos. Tofole. Cot- ton Garments. Early Marriages. Towns. Feftivals. Shape and Features, H E River St. Peter St. Paul fprings from the high Mountains of ChiapOy about 20 Leagues the Country, which are fo called from a Ci- not far diftant. Its firft Courfe is Eafterly for a fiderable Length, till it meets with Mountains on at Side : then it turns fhort about Northward, till lid.in twelve Leagues of the Sea. And laftly, it ivides its felf into two Branches. The Weftern ranch falls into the River Tobafco •, the other keeps Courfe till within four Leagues of the Sea ; iw divides it felf again. The Eaftermofl: of thefe ranches fcparates Beef- IJland from the Main; and Is into Man-of-JVar-Lagune^ as is before related. he other keeps its CourJe and Name till it falls in- tiie Sea, between Beef- IJland and Tobafco- Ifland j here it is no broader than the Thames at Gravef There is a Bar at its Entrance, but of what pth 1 know not ; over which fmall Veflels may Is well enough by the Benefit of the Tide. It is th deeper and broader after you are in •, for ere it is fifteen or fixteen Foot Water, and very ood Riding. By Report of the Privateers who ivc been up this River, it is very broad before it lOI -An. l6^6, or 3 pans .^ 111. . :\ 102 The Mountain Cow. Jn. 167(5. parts •, and beyo»d that farther in the Country, ha, ^'^^^^^ divers large Indian Towns built on its Banks: thfl chief of which is called Summafenta ; and many largj Cacao ami Plan tain- walks : the Soil on each SidJ being very fruitful. The unmanur'd Land is over] grown with lofty Trees of many forts, efpeciaily tli^ Cotton or Cabbage ; of the latter there are Nvhol] Gi ovt-s i and in fome Places (efpccially a little waj from the River's fide) great Savannahs full of Ball locks, Horfcs, and other Animals i amongft whicli the Mountain Cow ('called by the Spaniards Ant\ is moll remarkable. This Beafl is as big as a Bullock of two Yeais ojcjj It is ihaped like a Cow in Body *, but her Head much bigger. Her Nofe is fhort, and the Hea^ more compact and round. She has no Horns. He Eyes are round, full, and of a prodigious Size. ShJ has great Lips, but not fo thick as the Cows Lips, Her Ears are in Proportion to the Head, rathcj broader than thofeof the Common C.w. HerNecif is thick and fliort. Her Legs alfo fhorter than orj dinar y. She has a pretty long Tail •, thin of Hairsj and no Bob at the end. She has coarfe thin Hair all over her Body. Her Hide is near two Inches thick) Her Flefh is red ; the Grain of it very fine. ThJ Fat is white, and all together it is fweet wholfon Meat. One of them will weigh 5 or 600 Weight. This Creature is always found in the Woods neail fome large River ; and feeds on a fort of long thin Grafs, or Mofs, which grows plentifully on thd Banks of Rivers •, but never feeds in Savannahs, oi Failures of good Grafs, as all other Bullocks doj When her Belly is full, Ihe lies down to fleep by cliJ Brink of the River i and at the leaft Noife flips intd the Water : where finking down to the Bottom, tliol very deep, Ihe walks as on dry Ground. She canj not run fall, therefore never rambles far from thd River j for there Ihe ^ways cakes San05 ^eas big. He grazes on the Shore, and dun^s An. 197^. laHorfc. Is ofa dark-brown, but gh'tcering in ^"^ ' [Water. His Pace is but flow on the Shore ; in •Water more fwift. He there feeds on fmall ^ifli I what he can get i and will go down to the Bot- in three Fathom Water. For I have watch*d ; and he hath ftaid above half an Hoar before he ofc. He is very mifchievous to white Men. I have Bown him open his Mouth and fet one Tooth on the mt\ of a Boat, and another on the fecond Strake I the Keel (which was more than four Foe*- diftant) I there bit a Hole through the Plank, and funk Boat i and after he had done, he went away king his Ears. His Strength is incredibly great \ f I have feen him in the Walh of the Shore, when : Sea has tofled in a D«/fi&-man*s Boat, with four- rn Hogfheads of Water in her, upon the faid and left it dry on his Back ; and another Sea nc and fetch'd the Boat off, and the Beaft was not t, as far as I could perceive. How his Teeth grow his Mouth I could not fee ; only that they were und like a Bow, and about fixteen Inches long } in the biggeft part more than fix Inches about. k made fevcral Shot at him ; but to no Purpofe, brthey would glance from him as from a Wall. The fitives call him a Kittimpungo^ and fay he is Fe- Ih which is a kind of a God ; for nothing, they [f, can kill him : And if they fhould do to him, as : white Men do, he would foon deftroy their Ca- as and Filhing-Nets. Their Cuftom is when he limes near their Canoas, to throw him Fifli ; and tn he paffeth away, and will not meddle with eir Fifhing-Craft. He doth moft Mifchief when !can ftand on the Ground ; .but when afloat, hath jly Power to bite. As our Boat once lay near the pore, I faw him go under her, and with his Back her out of the Water ; and overfct her with fix en aboard , but, as it happened, did them no harm. Whilft I iiifp ^ f *', :i t, I i] ■ 4. .ail' i| 106 The Sea-Hffrfe, 'jia, 1^76. Whilft wc lay in the Road we had three of the * which did trouble this Bay every Full and Chan, and two or three Days after 5 the Natives fay, tl go together, two Males and one Female, \\ Noife IS much like the Bellowing of a large Calf. This paft Remark was made of a Sca-Horfcl Loango, m the Year 1695. Captain R o g £ r'x Letter. Sir, THE Hippopotamus or Sea-Horfe, lives as on the Land as in the Sea or in Rivers. It iu fed much like an Ox, but bigger ; weighing 1 500 1 •1600 Pound. 77jis Creature is very full-bodied^ ai 'lovered with Hair of a Moufe-Colour •, thick, JH and of a very heniitiful Slceknefs^ wt:en he firji to cut of the IVatcr. The Head is flatti/h on the 7\ It has no Horns : hut large Lips, a wide Mouth, a\ firong Teeth \ four of which are longer than refi^ (viz J two in the upper Jaw ; one on each f{ And two more in the under : Thefe lafl are four five Inches long-, the other two are fJ^orter. Iti large broad Ears -, great go^g^" Eyes ; and is quick-ftghtrd. It has a thick Nee \, and ftroni hi hit weak Footkcks. The Hoofs of his Feet are Om in the Middle : Jnd it has two fnall Hoofs above \ Footlock, which bending to the Ground when itm make an Impreffion on the Sand like four Claws ^ail is fhort and tapering like a Swines \ wM any Bob at the end. This Beafi is commonly fat a very good Meat. It graze th afhore in wet fwm Ground near Rivers or Ponds ; hut retires to \ Water ^ if purfued. When they are in the Wni they will fink down to the Bottom ; and there wdk en dry Ground. They will run almoft asfijl as a MA but if chafed hard, they will turn about aid look d fierce, like a Boar -, and fi^ht if put to it . Thi^ Tobafco IJland. 107 ^ if the Country have no IVan with thefe Crca- An, 1676- j;but we had many Cotifli^s with them^ both on --^^-^^ /( and in the Rivers : and though we commonly ttht better by killing fome^ and routing the reft ; III the ff^ater we durft not mo left ihem^ after one /; which had like to have proved fatal to 3 Men L; went in a [mall Canoa to kill a Jingle Sea-Horfe^ \iKmr where was 8 or 10 Foot Water, The Uorfe^ irlini to his Cuftotn^ was marching in the bottom I'lX River ; ami being fpied by thefe Men, (hey Mfded him with a long Lance ; which fo enraged the y, that he rofe up immediately^ and giving a fierce ' be opened his Jaws and bit a great piece of the jal or upper edge of the Canoa, and was like to f'jtt it, but prefintly funk down again to the bot- 1: ind the Men made away as faft as they could^ ifur hefhould come again. The Weft branch of the River St. Peter St. Paul^ r it has run 8 or 9 Leagues N. W. lofeth it felf 'tkfco River about 4 Leagues from the Sea, and makes the liland Tobafco, which is 12 Leagues and 4 broad at the North-end : for from the 'cr St. Peter St. Paul, to the Mouth of Tobafco er, is accounted 4 Leagues i and the Shore lies •and Weft. he firft League on the Eaft is Mangrove Land^ fome fandy Bay, where Turtle come alhore to their Eggs. he Weft-part of it is fandy Bay quite to the Ri* Hafco, But becaufe here is coni^ntly a great you have no good Landing till within the River, N. W. part of it is full of Guaver Trees, of the teft variety, and their Fruit the largeft and beft I have met with j and 'tis really a very deJi- is Place. There are alfo fome Coco-Plums and 'f«, but not many. The Savannahs here are na- "y fenced with Groves of Guavcfs, and produce good t i!-« 'M lOS Tobafco River. 'Am. 1676 good Grafs for Pafture, And arc pretty well ftocl '"^'■^ with fat Bullocks : and I do believe it is from th eating the Guaver Fruit that thcfe Trees arc fo thi! For this Fruit is full of fmall Seeds •, which bcingf^ lowed whole by the Cattle, are voided whole them again ; and then taking root in their Dm fpring up abundantly. Here are alfo Deer in great numbers •, thcfe , conftantly find feeding in the Savannahs Mornii and Evenings. And I remember an unlucky Accidi whilft I was there. Two or three Men went out Evening purpofely to hunt; when they were in foots of Savnnahs, they fcparated to find \\ uamc, and at laft it fo happened, that one of th] fired at a Deer and killed it, and while he was IW fling it, he was Jhot (lark dead by one of his Cl forts, who fired at him, miftaking him for 3 Da The poor Man was very forry for fo fad a mifchanJ and \ot fear of the dead Man's Friends, durft nc^ go back again- to Jamaica. ' ' The River of 'Tobafco is the moft noted in all Bay cf Campeach'jy and fprings alfo from the h Mountains of Ch'iapo \ but much more to the W ward than that of St. Peter St. Paul. From the it runs N. E. till within 4 Leagues of the Sea, whi it receives the fore-mentioned Branch of St. Pi St. Paul^ and then runs North till it falls into Sea. Its Mouth is about two Miles wide, and thi is a Bar of Sand lying ofi^ it, with not ?bove or 1 2 foot Water *, but a Mile or two within Mouth, at a nook or bending of the River on Eaft-fide there is three Fathom, and good Ridi without any danger from the ftrength of the C rent. The Tide flows up about four Leagues ini dry Seafon, but in the Rains not fo far 5 for t! the Frelhes make the Ebb run very ftrong. Pari Manatee very fruitful, 109 During the Norths it overflows all the low Land-^*' '676. .^ or 15 Leagues up tlie River, and you may -^'^'^^ 1 take up frcfh Water without the Bar. This River, near its Mouth, abounds with Cat- h, with feme Snooks, and Manatee in great plenty ; re beins good feeding for them in many of its eks, efpecially in one place on the Starboard-fide out 2 Leagues from the Sea, which runs into the nd 2 or 300 paces, and then opens very wide, and ^folhoal that you may fee their backs above V/atcr as ley feed \ a thing fo rare, that I have heard our Muf- iti-Men fay, they never faw it any where elfe ; on ilcaft noifc they will all fcamper out into the River: the Musketo-men feldom mifs of ftriking them. here are a fort of Frefh-water Manatee^ not al- gcther fo big as the Sea-kind, but othcrwife ex- ily alike in fhape and tafle, and I think rather iticr. The Land by the Rivers, efpecially on the irboird fide, is fwampy, and overgrown with Trees. Here are alfo abundance of Trees, (the largefl: Jiat 1 ever faw, till I came to the Gallapagoes Iflands itheS. Seas)i;i2. Mangroves^ Macaws^ and other brts that I know not. In fome places near the ber-fide, further up the Country, are Ridges ' dry Land, full of lofty Cabbage and Cotton Trees, Wiich make a very pleafan: Landskip. There is no 'ctdement within 8 Leagues of the River's Mouth, nd then you come to a fmall Bread- work, where here is commonly a Spaniard with 8 or 9 Indians ofted on each fide the River, to watch for Boats . oming that way: And becaufe there are divers Creeks running in from the Savannahs, fome of thefe tentinels arefo placed in the Woods, that they may 3k into the Savannahs, for fear of being furprized ^n the back fide: Yet for all their caution, thefe Centinels were fnap'd by Captain Nevil^ Commander bf a fmall BrigantinCy in a fecond Expedition that lie made to take the Town called Villa de Mofa, His firft !1 1) 1 '■ If, no Villa dc Mofa. ^ jin. 1676. firft attempt mifcarried by his being difcovercd. B ^^^^^^^"^ the fecond time he got into a Creek, a League li low thefe Centinels, and there dragging his Canoi over fome Trees that were laid crofs it, purpofely l hinder his Pafiage, he came in the Night upon thel Backs in their fcvcral Pofts ; fo that the Town, hi ving notice of his coming by their firing as the fhoiild have done, was taken without any refiftanceJ Villa de Mofa is a fmall Town ftanding on tl Starboard fide of the River, 4 Leagues beyond t Breaft-work. *Tis inhabited chiefly by Indians ^ witi fome Spaniards : There is a Church in the middl and a Fort at the Weft-end, which commands tl River. Thus far Ships come to bring Goods, efpc] daily European Commodities; viz. Broad-clotf Serges, Perpetuana*s, Kerfies, Thread-Stocking: Hats, Ofnabrugs white and blew, Kentins, Platilloes! Britannia's, Hollandillocs, Iron-work, ^c. They ari rive here in November or December, and ftay till Jum or July, felling their Commodities, and then loa chiefly with Cacao, and fome Syhejier. All thi Merchants and petty Traders of the Country Town come hither about Chrifima> to Traffick, whic makes this Town the chiefeft in all thefe parts, dinv peachy excepted *, y jt there are but few Rich Mei that live here. Sometimes Ships that come hithei load Hides and Tallow, if they cannot fraighc wici Cacao. But the chiefeft place for Hides is a Towi lying on a Branch of this River, that comes ouc League below the Breaft-work, where Spanifi Bark ufually lade once a Year ; but I can give no furthe account of it. Four Leagues beyond Villa dc "' further up the River lies Eftapo, inhabited part! with Spaniards, but moft Indians, as generally thi Towns in this Country are : It's faid to be prett rich i ftands clofe by the River, on the South-fide,' and* is fo built between two Creeks, that there i^ but one Avenue leading to it i and fo well guardei with! Captain Hcwct'j Attempt, iii laBreaft-work, that Captain Hewet a Privateer, ^». 1676, ihad under him near 200 Men, was there re-'-'^'V^^ j, lofing many of them, and himfelf wounded fee Leg. In his way thither he took ViHa de Mofa^ Heft a Party there to fecure his Retreat. If he I taken Eflapo, he defigned to pafs on to HalpOy Town, three Leagues farther up the River, [from thence to vifit ^acatalpo^ Jyi"g 3 or 4 agues beyond, which is accounted the wealthieft (the three : the Spaniards call it l^acatalpo de Si- y. whether to diftinguilh it from another Towa ftiiat Name, or to denote its nearnefs to the Moun- I know not. 'Tis the beft Town on this River, riog three Churches, and feveral rich Merchants ; 1 between it and Villa dc Moja are many large m Walks on each fide the River. Ilhive feen a fort of white Cacao brought from re, which I never met with any wiiere elfe. It lot the fame bignefs and colour on the outfide, and I fuch a thin husky Coat as the other ; but the (lerSubftance is white, like fine Flower ; and when Eoutward Coat is broken, it crumbles as a lump [Flower doth. Thofe that frequent the Bay call it w, and affirm that it is much ufed by the Spa- iTiijof thofe Parts, to make their Chocolate froth, ) therefore fet a great value on it. But 1 never ; met with any in England that knew it, except the ght Honourable the Earl of Carbery, v/ho was afed to tell me he had feen of it. |The Land on the South-fide of the River is low annahs or Pafture : The fide where the Town of ( ie Mofa Hands, is a fort of gray fandy Earth ; Ithe whole Country, the Up-landl mean, feems be much the fame : But the Low-land is of a black ppMold, and in fome places very llroiig Clay ; there is not a Stone to be found in all the Coun- The healthy dry Land is very woody, except «re inhabited or planted. It is pretty thick fctzkd with m V ^^ 1!J* 112 Small Bees, 'jlm. 1676. with hdian Towns, who have all a Padre or ^ *i^W) among them, and a Cacique or Governour to k( the Peace, The Cacao 'Tree thrives here very wel but the Nuts are fmaller than the Caraccus Nu] yet Oyly and Fat whilft new. They are not pli cd near the Sea, as they are on the Coafl of Caracc but at leaft 8 or 10 Miles up in the Country. Cacao-walks belong chiefly to the Spaniards ; are only planted and drefs'd by Indians, hired that purpofe i yet the Indians have of their ov Plantain-walks, Plantations of Maiz, and fo] fmall Cacao-walks ; about which they fpend chiefeft of their time. Some employ themfdi to fearch in the Woods for Bees that build in h| low Trees 5 and get a good livelihood by the Hor and Wax. Thcfe are of two forts: Oneprei large; the other no bigger, but longer, than am dinary black Fly : in other refpefts, juft like common Bees *, only of a darker Colour. TL Stints are not ftrong enough to enter a Man's Skii but if difturbed, they will fly at one as furiouflyl the great Bees ; and will tickle, but cannot M you. Their Honey is white and clear •, and thi make a great deal of it. The Indians keep of ihj tame, and cut hollow Trunks for them to ma' their Combs in. They place one end of the (which is faw'd very even) on a Board, leaving hole for the Bees to creep in at : and the upper is covered with a Board, put clofe over it. young and lufty Indians (fuch as want Empk ment) hire themfelves to the Spaniards. They Wo cheap, and are commonly paid in fuch Goods | the Spaniards do not value. And I have been to that they are obliged to work for their Maftc< one Day in a WetK, gratis: But whether Priviledge belongs only to the Padres, or toi Laity alfo, I know not. The Indians inhabiii thefe Villages, live like Gentlemen in Companll Indian ^r'mL Uj thofe that are near any great Town, fuch as-^»-J<^6. ifiiich'j or Merida : for there even the poorer and ^"^V^, ally Sore of People, that are not i^ble to hire of thefe poor Creatures, will by violence drag ;ni to do their drudgery for nothing, after they i7e work'd all Day for their Mafters : , nay, they ;cn take them out of the Market from their Buli- is; or at leaft enjoyn them to come to their Houfes len their Market is ended : and they dare not re- todoit.. ■ This Cduntry is very fruitful i yielding' plentiful ops of , Maiz, which is their chiefell Subfifl- :c. After it is boikd they bruife it on, fuch a bbing-Stone as Chocolate is ground on. Some of [hey make into fmall thiji -Cakes, called Tar/il- I. The reft is put into, a Jar till it grows fowr ; when they are thirfty, mix a handful pf it in a Jilabafh of W^ter, which gives it a Iharp pleafanc ifte, then draining it through a largp , Callabafh ick'd full .of fmall Holes to keep out the Husks, :j drink it. off. If they treat a Friend with this ink, they mix a little Honey with it •, for their lility reaches .no, higher. I; And this is as acceptable them as a Glafs of Wine to us. If they travel two or three Days from h9me, they carry fome this ground Maiz in a Jplfintain Leaf, and Cal- at their Girdles to ,miike their Drink, and e no firther care for yiduals, till they come again. This is 'called Pofck : And by the \§(h PoorfouL l\ is fo muchefteemed by the In- h that they are never wllhoyt fome of it in their bk ■ , J ;,; •'. ;■ -z;;^ ; ' ,. Unocher Way of preparing their Drink, is to p the Maiz, and tlien grind it to Powder the Rubbing- fl one, put.ting a little Anatta to. which grows in their' Plantations, and is ufed them for no other purpoie. They mix it all OL. II. H h ^" 'wTtK i! [ ^n i i ■ ! ,■" I JPM i' ;t.hi ■;. I'^Hiirlll f!. *i4 Indian Garments^ Marriages] 'An, 1 676. with Water, and prcfently drink it off withe WOr^ ftraining. In long Journeys they prefer this drink before pj fole. They feed abundance of Turkies, Ducks ar Dunghill Fowls, of which the Padre has an exa , Account ; and is very ftrift in gathering his TithJ and they dare not kill any except they have his Lcaj for it. They plant Cotton alfo for their Cloathing. Men wear only a fliort Jacket and Breeches. Th^ with a Palmeto-Leaf Hat is their Sundays Drefs ; I they have neither Stockings nor Shoes •, neither they wear thefe Jackets on Week Days. The men have a Cotton-Petticoat, and a large Fro down to their Knees ; the Sleeves to their Wrifts, 1 not gathered. The Bofom is open to the Brea and Imbroidered with black or red Silk, orGrogri Yarn, two Inches broad on each fide the Breaft, ; clear round the Neck. In this Garb, with their] tyM up in a Knot behind, they think thenpjfclvesi treme fine. The Men are obliged by the Padres ( as 1 h^ teen informed ) to marry when they are Fourtj Years old, and the Women when Twelve : An( at that Age they arc not provided, the Pricfti chufe a Virgin for the Man (or a Man for the^ gin ) of equal Birth and Fortune i and join them| gether. The Spaniards give fcvcral Reafons for this I pofition, *viz. That it preferves them from ' bauchery, and makes them Induftrious. it brings them to pay Taxes both to the King Church i for as foon as they are married they to both. And that it keeps them fromrj blinc out of their own Parifii, and fettling! another, which would by fo much lellen the P4 f Churches and Houfes. ti$ ofit. They love each other very well -, and live ''^»^"^. jfortably by the Sweat of their Brows : Thcy^'^^^^^^ loildgood large Houfes, and inhabit altogether in fowns. The fide Walls are Mud or Watling, bifter'd on the Infide, and thatch'd with Palm or ilmcto Leaves. The Churches are large, built'much higher than [Cemmon Houfes, and covered with Pantile j and liin adorned with coarfe Pictures and Images of |untsi which are all painted tawny like the Imliani nfelvcs. Befides thcfe Ornaments, there are kept |thc Churches Pipes, Hautboys, Drums, Vizars IPerruques for their Recreation at folemn Times ; fthcy have little or no Sport or Paftime but in nmon, and that only upon Saints Days, and the lights cnfuing. IThe Padres that ferve here, muft learn the ImVian nguage before they can have a Benefice. As for Tithes and other Incomes^ Mr. Gage^ (an jilimn ) hath given a large Account of them in \kri'e^ of the IVeJl-lndies, But however, this ^ ladd of my own Knowledge, that they are very |[iful to their Priells, obferving pundlually their ders, and behave themfclves very circumfpedly I reverently in their Prefence. [hey are generally well-fliaped, of a middle Size *, jht and clean Limbed. The Men more fpare. Women plump and fat, their Faces are round [flat, their Foreheads low, their Eyes little, their « of a middle Size, fomewhat flattifli •, full •, pretty full but little Mouths ; white Teeth, [their Colour of a dark tawny, like other /;/- They fleep in Hammocks made with fmall like a Net, fliftned at each End to a Poft. [ir Furniture is but mean, viz. Earthen Pots to their Maiz in, and abundance of Callabaflies. arc a very harmlefs Sort of People i kind to H h 2 any " Jl ; Cl ;« i :\l^-l i^ ;li: Il6 Spznhtds Tyranny over f^^ Indians. ^K. 1676. any Strangers *, and even to the Spaniards, by who! V•V^Jthey are To much kept under, that they are wor] than Slaves : nay, the very Negroes will dominj over themi and are countenanced to do fo by t] Spaniards. This makes them very melancholly ar thoughtful : however they are very quiet, and fee, contented with their Condition, if they can tolerabl fubfift : But fometimes when they are impofed ( beyond their Ability, they will march off whc. Towns, Men, Women and Children together, as] before related. ■''»' »,(• CHA 117 si0a^!»»iiii&0^^^^a^ii»^iiiai^^«i . CHAP. VI. River of Checapcqiic. The River of Dos liocas. The Towns up the Country, Halpo. fkr Trade. Old HatSy a good Commodity, A fd Accident in Hunting. Tondclo River, }ldsketoes troublefom on this Coafl. Guafick- walp River, Teguantapeque River. Few Ud Mines on all this part of the Seacoaft, Teguantapeque Town, Keyhooca and its UmTrade, Vinci los. Alvarado River y tad its Branches, Its Forts, Town and Trade, id'fepper. La Vera Cruz. The Fort of St, John d' Ulloa. The Barra la Venra Fleet ; and kit Navigation about the Wcft-lndia Coafl, UeTown of Tipfo. Paunuk River and Town. Lqune and Town ^/'Tompeque. Huniago Ifrnd. Its Trade in Shrimps, The Author's tdurn to Logwood-cutting at Ti ift. Captain Gibbs killed there by fome Indians he kou^ht from New-England. The Author s \\ung out to Jamaica and return for Eng land. [Aving given the Reader an Account of the^«. 1676. Miam inhabiting about the River of ^ohafco j W^ icotne next to defcribe the Weftern-Coafb of Bay, with its Rivers and other moll re- irkable Particulars. From Tohafeo River to the H h 3 River \\ I k Iflll k I 't ii8 Chccapcquc Riveri An. 1676. River Cbgcapeque is fcven Leagues. The Coaft ij ^^^)r*^ Eaft and Weft ; all woody low Ground, fandy Bal and good Anchoring j but there falls in a pret high Sea on the Ihore, therefore but bad landinc yet Ciinoas may with care run in, if the Men ai ready to leap out, as foon as fhe touches tl Ground •, and then flie muft immediately be draggi up out of the Surf. And the fame caution and dcj terity is to be ufed when they go off again. The] is no frefli "Water between 7'obafco River and cJ capeque. This latter is rather a fait Creek thl a River -, for the Mouth of it is not above 2oPacl wide, and ai^out 8 or 9 Foot Water on the Bar but within there is 12 or ij Foot at low Watc and good riding for Barks, half a Mile within til Mouth. This Creek runs in E. S. E. about two Miles, ai| then ftrikes away South up into the Country. Ati Mouth between it and the Sea is a bare fandy Poi| of Land : Where on the fide next the River, dc by the Brink of it (and no where elfe) you m\ fcrape up the Sand ("which is coarfe and brov with your Hands, and get frefli Water -, but if y^ dig lower the Water will be Hilt. Half a Mile with the Mour.h, when you are paft the fandy Point, t| Land is wet and fwampy, bearing only Mangrov on each fide for four or five Leagues up ; and afd that firm Land j where you will find a run of fre Water, it being all Salt till you come hither. League beyond that is a Beef Eftantion or Farm | Cattle, belonging to an /W/3Lnd Indians, On the Weft-fide, and juft.agai„ *^»^ the Mouth of the River, the Spaniards hzvQ aTma Fort of fix Gjuns, ;on the declivity of the Sand-harL a great Jieighth^ above the River •, which command a (mall Span'm Town on the back of it, built in Plain clofe by the River. |p is a great Fiiher chiefly for Snooks, which they catch in the Lake and when they, are falted and dryed, drive agrcl Trade in Exchanging them for Salt and other Con modi ties. Be fides fait Fifn, they export from hen^ abundance of dry Cod-Pepper, and feme pickle and put in Jars. This Pepper is known by tL Name of Guinea-Pepper. Yet for all this Tradj *tis but a poor Place, and has been often takj by the Privateers, chiefly to fecure their Ships whil they fhould go up in their Canoas to the rich Town within Land, which notwithftanding they nevd yet attempted, by reafon that La Vera Cruz bo] dering fo near, they were ftill afraid of being a] tacked both by Sea and Land from thence, and 1 never durft profccute their Defigns on the Countf Towns. Six Leagues Weft from Alvarado there is anoihJ large Opening out into the Sea *, and it is reporte to have a Communication by a fmall Creek wit| this River of Alvarado ; and that Canoas may pa through it from one River to the other. And at th| Opening is a fmall Fiftiing Village. The Land the Sea is a continued high Sand-bank, and fo viq lent a Sea, that it is impofllble to land with Bo^ or Canoa. From this River to La Vera Cruz is fix Leaguj more, the. Coaft ftill Weft. There is a Riff of Roc!( runs along the fliore from Alvarado to Vera Crui yet a good Channel for fmall Veflels to pafs tween it and the Shore. And about two Leagues! the Eaft of Vera Cruz are two Iflands called crijice IJlands, I have fet down the diftancc betwee • ' La Vera Crtrz. ' i is m^o^nd La FeraCmz, according to the com-'^**^^^!^' I Account of twelve Leagues, which I take to ' ttruer, but our Draughts make it 24. The Land (the Sea is much the fame. ' • / • " ' \U Vera Cruz is a fair Town feated in the vciV torn of the Bay of Mexico^ at the S. W. Point [Corner of the Bay; for fo 'far the Land runs and there it tiirhs about to the North. There la good Harbour before it, made by a fmall Ifland, (Rock rather,, juft' in its Mouth i which make^ Ivery ccf^mmodious. H^re the Spmiards have It a flrong Fort, which commands* the Harbour; I there are great Irdn'Rings 5)c'd in the Fort- Wall linft the Harbour foi' Ships 10, h\itx\ their ta- For the North Winds bIo\v fb violently here their Seafons, that Ships are hot' fafc at An- ors. till'. I This Fort is called Si. John ^ Ulka ; and \htSl>A' \rii do frciquently call theToWn df P^era CruziA BName. ■ _ ' ' '" \ " The Town is a Place of great Trade ; = being thfe 'rPort to the City of Mexico. ■ ibd- moft of the at Towns and Cities in this Kipgdom. So that 1 the European Commodities, fpenciri thefe Parts, Ire landed here, and. their Goods brought hither I exported frOm hfehce. Add tb^this, that aJl Treafure brought ^rom Manila,' in the Eajf- «« comes hither through the Country fro tri- W^-- \liika, ' '_'(■■' ''\y; ■■ l^y^-'-v^'-' ■■ ^'' ■■■' ' The Flo'ta comes hither every three' Years fr6m p Spain ', and befides Goods of the Produft of le Country, and what is brought from the &//- H(s and fliip*d aboard therh ': The King'-s Plate h is gathered ih this Kingdorn, togeth-^r wfch' )h belongs to the Merchants, amounts to a ift Sum?}i. Here aJfo comes eyety Year the Barra^ ymiaFket mOtloh'cp7it\&Nove.Mb6f,'^nd ila'ys tili ink This is a fmall Squadron^ confifting of .fix or i'< \A . ii6 BarraUvcnta FUct. An. 1676. or feven fail of ftout Ships, from 20 to 50 Gi ^«» Thefe are ordered to vint all the Spamdi Sea-F Towns once every Year j chiefly to hinder Foreign from Trading ; and to fupprefs Privateers. From l Port they go to the Havana on the North-fidel Cuba to fell their Commodities^ -From hen they pafs through the Gulph of Florida ; ftandi fo far to the North as to be out of the Tra Winds, which are commonly between god. and A of Lat. and being in a variable Winds way iW ftretch away to the Eaftward till they may fed Portarica^ if they have Bufincfs there -, if not, thl keep ftill to the Eaftward till they come to TmiiA an Ifland near the Main, inhabited by the Spank\ and the moft Eaftern-part of any Confequence in i Norih-Sea.\ The Barralaventa Fleet touches there fir and from thence fails to the Marganta, a confideral| SpaniJh-IJland near the Main. From thence th Coaft down to Comana and La Guiary, and paflij by the Coaft of Carraccus^ they fail towards Gulph of Mericaia^ from thence they double Cl La Vell^ and fo down to Rio la Hacka, St. Marti and Caftbagena, If they meet with any Engli{h[ Dutch Trading Sloops, they chace ai.d take themJ they are not too nimble for them : The Private( keep out of their way, having always Intelligenj where they are. From Cartbagena they fail to Pcrtohello ; and fro thence to Campeachy : and laftly, to La Vera Cni And this is their Annual Navagation about the/fj Indian Coaft. La Vera Cruz was taken by the Privateers, abo the Year 85. under the Conauft of one John Rui an old Logwood-Cutter that had formerly beentakj by the Spaniards and fent to Mexico ; where learnia Spanijby he by that means efcaped to La Vera Cn^ and being releafed from thence, he afterwards naged this Expedition. Frol Tirpo, Panuk. 127 From Hence to Old Vera Cruz Is five Leagues. •*^*5^' liis was the firft Town of that Name *, but wanting [mod Harbour there, it was removed to the Place here it now ftands. from Old Vera Cruz to Tifpo is about fifteeft agues i the Coaft lies N. and S. ^ifpo is a pretty dfome fmall Town, built clofe by the Sea, and Btcrcd with a little Rivulet ; but wanting a Har- Bur, 'tis deftitute of any Maritime-Trade. From Ttfpo to the River Panuk is about twenty agues: The Coaft lies N. and S. neareft, it is a ifge River^ defcending out of the very Bowels of : Country, and running Eaft, falls into the Gulph \Uisi(o, in Lat. about 21 — 50 Minutes. It has or eleven Foot Water on the Bar, and h often vi- led with Barks that fail up it, as rar as the City P^- (i, lying diftant from the Sea about twenty Leagues, ' is the principal of this Country, being a Bi- op's See. There are two Churches, one Convent, Bda Chapel j and about five Hundred Families of \\mrds^ Mulatoes and Indians. The Houfcs are irge and ftrong j with Stone Walls ; and they are atched with Palmeto Leaves^ One Branch of this River comes but of the Lagune itompexfue^ and mixes with this, thi'ee Leagues fore it falls into the Sea. Therefore it is fome- imtscalled the River of Tompeque, The Lagune of 'mpeque lies on the South Side of the River ; and eeds abundance of Filh, efpecially Shrimps. There a Town of the fame Name, built on its Banks, lofe Inhabitants are moft Fifliermen. Beyond this gune there is another large one, wherein is an land and Town named Haniago •, its Inhabirnnts ft Fifliermen, whofe chief Employment is to take rimps. Thefe they boil with Water and Salt, in fat Coppers, for the purpofe ; and having dried inufterwards in the Sun, they are made up in Packs r^ii 'i/i ' 1 w 'ti ; I. i U^ t 1 ■, i28 Alvarado To'jjn, 'An. 1676. Packs, and fen t to all the chief To^^ns in the Co WVtry, efpeciajlly to Mexico^ where, tho* butahun ^ ; Sort of Food, they are mightily efteemed. The Account I have given of the Campeachj . yers, ^f. was the Rcfult of the particular Obi nations I made in criiifing about that Coaft, inwhi I fpent eleven or twelve Months. For when the vl hnt Stor?n before-mentioned took us, I was but jJ fettling to Work, and not having a Stock of Wi to purchafe fuch Provifion as. was fen t from Jamil as the old Standards had; I, with many more my Circumftances, was forced to range about feek a Subfiftence in Company of fome Privatej then in the Bay. In which Rambles we vifited all Rivers from Trifi to Alvarado -, and made many fcents into the Country among the Villages thej where we got Indian Corn to eat with the Bej and other Flclh that we got by the way, or natee and 'turtle, which was alio a great Support] us. .'?';"'"', ■ ■ Alvarado was the Wefterrrioft Place I was Thither we wentin two Barks with thirty Men ineac and had ten of eleven kill'd and defp:rately wound! in taking the Fort ; being four or five Hours engag in that Service, in which time the Inhabitants havin plenty of Boats and Canoas , carried all tha Riches and beft Moveables ^away. It was after Su| fet before the Fort yielded ; and growing dark, could not purfue them, but refted quietly that Nigh the next Day we killed, falted and lent aboard twenj or thirty Beefs, and a good Quantity of S?lt-fifh, : Indian Corn, as much as we could flow away. Hej were but few Hogs, and thofe eat very i therefore we did not,.mucn efteem them: but Cocks, Hens and Ducks were fen t aboard in abuJ dance. The tame Parrots we found here were tlj largeft and faireft Birds of their Kind that I eva faw in the PFeft- Indies, Their colour was yelloj an Fine-Varrots, A Sea-Fight. red, very coarfely mixf ; and they would prate prettily % and there was fcarcc a Man but what it aboard one or two of them. So that with Pro- ilion, Chefts, Hen-Coops and Parrot-Cages, our jpswere full of Lumber, 'wirh which we intended fail: But the fccond Day after we took the 'ort, having had a Wefterly Wind all the Morning, iih Rain, feven Armadilloes that were fent from l/iu Cru7> appeared in Sight, within a Mile of Bars, coming in with full Sail ; but they could cc ftem the Current of the River *, which was well for us •, for we were not a little furprized. etwe got under Sail, in order to meet them j and ring our Decks by heaving all the Lumber ovcr- rd, we drove out over the Bar, before they chcd it : But they being to Wind- ward, forced to exchange a few Shot with them. Their Admi- was called the Horo, She had lo Guns and loo [en; another had 4 Guns and 80 Men : The reft ying no great Guns, had only 60 or 70 Men a- iece, armed with Muskets, and the Veffels barrica- d round with Bull-hides Breaft high. We had not ve 50 Men in both Ships, 6 Guns in one and two the other. Aflbon as we were over the, Bar, we i our Larboard-Tacks aboard and ftodd to. the iaftward, as nigh the Wind as we could lye. The )mar^i came away quartering on us ; and our hip being the Head-moft, the T^oro came diredtly ;owards us, defigning to board us. We kept firing it her, in hopes to have lamed either Maft or Yard ; lit failing, juft as fhe was fhearing aboard, we ave her a good Volley, and prefently clapp*d the elm a Weather, wore our Ship, andgot ourStar- ard Tacks aboard, and ftood to the Weftward : nd lb left the T^oro^ but were faiuted by all the Crafc as we pad by them, who ftood to the jEiftward after the Toro^ that was now in Purfuic •d c!ofe by our Conlbrr. We ftoo \ to \\\t Weftward I i till 129 M HHiM' ■:^i- '^'m i\ !p^'- 1 II I n I,.. I; it H :■ II I JO Munjack /^ Sort of Titch, till we were againft the River's Mouth; th?n wJ tackt, and by the help of the Current that camt ou| of the River, we were near a Mile to Windward them all. Then we made fail to aflifl: our Conforr who was hard put to it -, but on our Approacii thl ^oro edged away towards the Shore, as did all thj reft, and ftood away for Aharado : And we, glad i the Deliverance, went away to the Eallward, and vifited all the Rivers in our Return again to frifi and fearched the Bays for Munjack to carry widi for the Ship's ufe, as we had done before for ufc both of Ships and Canoas. Munjack is a fort of Pitch or Bitumen, which find in Lumps, from three or four Pounds to thir Pounds in a Lump *, walhed up by the Sea, and le dry on all the Sandy-Bays on all this Coaft: Iti in Subftance like Pitch, but blacker •, it melts bj the Heat of the Sun, and runs abroad as Pitch woulj do if expofed, as this is, on the Bays : The fmej ot it is not fo pleafant as Pitch, neither does it fticj fo firmly as Pitch, but it is apt to peel off fron the Seams of Ships Bottoms •, however we finj it very ufeful here where we want Pitch i anj becaufe it is commonly mixed with Sand by lyin on the Bays, we melt it and refine it very wd before we ufe it ; and commonly temper it wii| Oyl or Tallow to corred it ; for though it melts I the Heat of the Sun, yet it is of a harfher Nad than Pitch. I did never find the like in any otha Part of the World, neither can I tell from whence i comes. And now the EfFedls of the late Storm being almo forgot, the Lagune Men fettled again to their In ployments •, and I among the reft fell to work the Eaft Lagune, where I remained till my Depa ture for Jamaica. The Frofii of the Logwood-Ttadc. I will only add as to this Logwood-Trade in ge« 111, that I take it to be one of the maft" profitable CJ^knd, and it neareft refembles that of New- idand i fince what arifes from both, is the Pro- oftof bare Labour ; and that the Perfons imploy- I herein are fupported by the Produce of their Na- Ijyc Country. It is not my Bufinefs to determine how far we It hjive $ righc of ,cutting Wood there, but tiiis can iay, that the Spaniards never receive Jefs Da- nage from the Perfons who generally follow that Trade, than when they are employed upon that ^ork. While I was here the laft time, Capt. Gihhs arriv'd la Ship of about lOO Tons, and brought with him ^0 ftout New-England Indians that were taken in k Wars there, defigning to have fold them at ^imlca^ but not finding a good Market, brougiit km hither to cut Logwood, and hired one Mr. ^hard Dawkins to be their Overfeer, who carried hem to work at Summafenta : But it fo happened hat about a Week after, the Captain came thither his Boat from One-Bu/h-Key where his Ship I.iy, DdtheOverfeer having fome Bufinefs, defired leave I be abferit for two or three Days : But as foon as and the Seamen were gone, the Indians taking licir Opportunity kjlled the Captain and marched jff, defigr^ing to return to rfieir own Country by and: They were feen ^bout a Month afterward, nd one of them was taken near the River Tonddo. After I had fpent about ten or twelve Months at Y Logwood-Trade, and was grown pretty well puainted with the way of Traffick here, I left the nployment, yet with a defign to return hither af- [rl had been in England', and accordingly went om hence with Captain Chambers of London , Eiund to Jamaica. We failed from Trijl the Be- I i 2 ginning 13! 1 bM 1 ■ 1 nil ■f 1 1 fl !: iRf:> ii-'iiHi- ^B^^H ■ m w ■' ^Hin I^^H^^^^^H ■ "M '1 3 2 The Author's Return to England. ginning of Jpril^ 1678. and arrived zt Jamaica Ma-j^ where I remained a fmall Time, and then 1 turned for England witli Captain Loader of Londt^ I arriv'd there the beginning of Auguft the fame Yea] and at the Beginning of the following Year 1 1] out again for Jamaica^ in order to have gone then( to Catnpeachy ; but it prov'd to be a Voyage roue the World ; of which the Publick has already hj an Account in my former Volume, and the Fif Part of This. FINIS. o^ |Cap. Dampier HIS ISCOU RSE O F T H E Me- Winds, Bree!zes, Storms, Seafons of the Year, Tides and Currents of the Tor- RID Zone throughout the World. IfifilSlilGlll^lSi^lBI^II^QISIIiilSilMl^ 0QIPiII£lf $1 kf' i i 5 , lor near Tmiil/ fiyi A Scheme of the following Treatife. C7V«r, or Gr»#r4/ at Sea. i. r/>4»x I in the £,Indi$:. ai. lor near Breezes /•Sea. a ron,e0.45-;f;i-B (^ LanJ / r TtrrtMtt '\C»\ ' Ctntr»L xS. PnuliMT to f Ji""7^/'"'-Windf. 451 ^ ^ ^ < CAffMrra^'Breezes. 44. r Ttrrenott "^C^romMiuitl^j, \ or hot X ) winds of v^M«/fl*«r. 48. f Producing j liar \ < !In the Indies. In the Eajl- InMts, [particular^ \ The Ptrfit 'Efeasi I J Gulf. 48. / Harm*tMSt or eolJ Ter- (. rtncs of CHintM, 49. Norths. 60. and ChoceUttn North. 6t. {JamsieM, 6r. Cumpeachy. 66' . HnrricMs of the Gir/W Ifltnds. 68, Tuftons, 71, 7a. I Stormy Monfious. jx. and Elephtuita, 74. Seafons of the Year, dry. wet, TorMdtts, &t, 76. I Tides. 50. ^Currents. 100 An Account of the Country of N^/*/. 108. \ M^' i '■■II'-' 01 >>!. « ' ^ m ■mil H, p. ill) jl 11 1 i ^1: ( IBIr, ! I " ^ uh '' it .. ii»kmk •-/-^ (tDampier's VO YAGEa i c VOL. II. Part III. [discourse of Winds, Breezes, Storms, Tides, and Currents. C H A P. I. 'I Of the General Trade- Wind, The Introduction. \k General Trade- Wind at Sea. Of the kjl Time of the Tear to crofs the Equinodial. HheJVinds near the Line commonly uncertainy mi attended "juith Calms and Tornadoes, A Rcafon of the Winds blowing South near the line, in the Atlantick Sea. How Ships hmeward- bound from the Bite of Guinea, l^mld crofs the Line. Of the Trade-Wind « the Soutli-Sea, and in the Eaft-Indiari Shall reduce vhat I have to Hiy on this Sub- jeft to lome General Llrads -, beginning with r the Trade-winds, as being the moft remark- Ala |Trade-Winds are fuch as do blow conflantly om one Point or Quarter of the Conipafs, and h'ou IL A a a the \\ in !: 1 3cCo3iStin% TRADK-TW/i^j ro^\rs anion a the J.JlieS Jhcw th^ Co TRADK-TVln^i in th, jrcair SO UTH O CXJLN Ljiies s/icir the Course cf thos^ Getiejral ^ CoaAiiie 'Winds tl.I inn 'man Jo .'•I'M ''fcliV ■■■.N"'.'f , '4'. ■, 1 i V .'. ' ■i ; « ■m 7.-'-/ l»V' :if; 1 ■ * .. IV ■ ' '" .r '' u' AVic/r jfthc General «i:Coai^ino TRADE-TVi/u/j in the A "•""'^ — -■ I I - "^ . , . AJXE^m Js in the AtLANTICK C<:I:^nJAN OCEJ^NS 1 \£^4' the. Coui-ss af-thc SJruflino^ TRAD K-V'uuls . and the Ubhrevia.tions , S^p*^ SL, C. mhm. {^ Of the General TraAe-Winl the Region of the World mod peculiar to ^hfn is from about 30 d. North, to 30 d. South of th Equator. There are divers forts of thefe Winds j fomeblo\t ing from Eaft to Weft, fome from South to North others from Weft to Eaft, ^c. Some are conftara in one Quarter all the Year ; fome blow one h the Year one way, and the other fix Months qj contrary ; and others blow fix Months cm way, and then ftiifting only eight or ten Point continue fix Months more, and then return aoaii to their forn.er Stations^ as all thefe Ihife Trade-\7inds do ; and fo as the Year coines about ihey alternately fuccecd each other in their pro per Seafons. There are other forts , cu^'ed Sea-Winds and Land-winds, diffe'-ing much from any of the for] mer, the one blowing by Day, the other by NightJ conftantly and regularly fucceeding each other. Within the Torrid Zone alfo are violent Ston as fierce, if not fiercer, than any are in other Part( of the World. And as to the Seafons of the Year,! I can diftinguifti them there, no other way thanbyj Wet and Dry, and thefe wet and dry Seafons do ail| fucceflively follow each other, as Winter and Sutn-l] mer do with us. P Here are alfo ftrong Currents, fometimes fetiingl one way, fometimes another ; which though it isl hard to defcribe, with that Accuracy which isdefir-i able, yet I ftiall give us particular an Acroumofj them, as alfo of the ieveral forts of V^incU^ as my I own Obfcrvations, and the judicious luformatioiiSj from others, will afford me. Matter to do. l^■ Of the General Trade-P^^ind. Of all Winds befotc-mentiored, I ihall end?i^ vour to treat diftindly •, beginning with the '/'"H Trade- Of the General Trade-Wind, Trade-Wind firft,which I call theG^^^r^/Trade-Wind Sea i becaufe all other Trade- Winds, whether Dnftant or Ihifting, feem to have their Dependance n fome accidental Caufe \ whereas the Cauie of liefe, be it what it will, feems uniform and conftant. Thefe '■jeneral Trade- Winds are only in the At^ \nlKk Ocean which parts Africa fronr^ America^ in he Eaji-Indian Ocean, and in the Great South- tta. In all thefe Seas, except juft under or near the Line, they conftantly blow without Intermiffion, well to the South, as to the North of the E- |uator, but not with equal Force at all Times, no,* all Latitudes ; Neither do thefe conftant Trade- Ms ufually blow near the Shore, but only in the ton, at lea'ft 30 or 40 Leagues off at Sea, clear bm any Land -, efpecially on the Weft Coaft, or Side of any Continent : For indeed on the Eaft- Ide, the Eafterly Wind being the true Trade- ^ind, blows almoft home to the Shore ; fo near as receive a Check from the Land-Wind, and oft- (5mes to admit of the Sea-Breezc, by which it is irawn from itsCourle frequently four or five Points kf the Compafs : But of the Sea-Breeze I Ihall fpeak its Place. In fome Places, and particularly the Bouth Seas, in South Lat. the true Eaftern Trade is bot found to blow within 150 or near 200 Leagues pf ihc Coaft, but in North Lat. in thofe Seas, ic i.ncs within 30 or 40 Leagues diftance of the Shore: inu this I ftiall give as a general Rule, that in Korth Lat. thefe Winds are commonly at E. N. E. Ill South Lat. at E. S. E,. When we go from England, and are bound to the W or JVefl-Indies, or to Guinea, we commonly 'Snd thefe Winds in the Lat of 30 d. fometimes (boner, as in the Latitudes of 32 01 35. And may fo happen that we may meet with an Eaft- A a a 2 erly ¥ 7^ i r .'Si;'. J: lib: I Of the general Trade- fVind. crly Wind in 40 d. or go out of our Channel with a Notth-Eaft Wind ; which fomctimes allu fails not till we come into a true Tratlc.-wind \ but thi is only accidental, therefore is not ihe Wind thaq I fpcak c. i but between 32 and 28 I did nel ver know nor hear, that the true Trade-wind failed. If in coming from England, we have a NortlJ Eaftcrly Wind that brings us liither, f/. c. into the true Trade-wind) it fomctimes flays at North-KaftJ elpecially if we keep near the African Shore, as) Guinea Ships do, till we are near the Tropick oif Cancer, and then comes to the E. N. E. where q fettles i butcomtMonly it fettles there in 28 d. ifwel are fo far off Sliore as to receive the true Tr,ide.| When the Wind is thus fettled, we have commonlyl fair Weather, and a clear Sky, efpecially if theSuJ is in any Southern Sign 1 but if in a Northern Sign,] the Weather is ufually cloudy. On the contrary, when we i re in South I.at. inl the Atlantick, if the Sun is in Northern Signs, tlicl Sky is clear, but if in Southern Signs, rhc Sky A cloudy. This I once experienced to my Sorrow, in my return from Bantam, in rhe Year 1671. Wei had cloudy Weather and brisk VVi/uls, while v,e| were crofTing the Eaji-Jnd'ia Ocean, and h.id a very good Paflage alfo about the Cape of Goo////';p; where we had fair clear Weather •, Anrl fteenrq from thence, for the Ifland of St. Hellcna, where vc thought to water and refrefh, as all our £«^.W] Eaji-lndui Ships do, we mift it for want otanO^- fervation. For before we came to the Tropick oil Capricorn, the Sky was again clouded, lo that we fildnm faw the Sun or Star^, till we were quite palt the Ifland. However we found the Ifle of Afdntion, where we llruck two Turtle, (fur this was not the laying Time, but the beginning «f^ f^*'| Cooiin;^ or Ingendring Seafon ; tlierelbre fome tfw onit 1, and had a Of the general Trade Wind. only were drawn liither.j This was the latter-end of Hovemher. From the time that we thought our fdvts to the Weft of St. Hellcna, wc had our Wa- ter meafured out to us, two Pints a Man perDay^ till we came into our Channel. This was the firfl time that I began to know the Value of frefh Water j for we took in none in all our Way home from Ban- Idin. But Co much for this Digrcflion. The Winds, as 1 faid before, as we run to the Southward from England^ do firft fettle in the E. N, E. about the Lat. of 28 d. or be fure between that and 24 d. clpecially when the Gun is to the Southward of the Line ; but mMay^ June^ and July you will find the Winds at E. by S. or E. S. E. Thefe Winds, whether we meet them to the North of the Eaft, or to the South of it, we find blowing a moderate Gale from our firft meeting them in 30 or 28 d. till we come to the Tropick, there we find the Trade ftrongcr : It commonly blows a go*" d Top-fail Gale, as we fail large : And if we were to fail on a Wind, our lower Sails would be enough. Thefe brisk Gales blow in the Atlantick Ocean, and North of the Equator, from the Lat. of 23 to 12 or 14 conftantly, between the E. N. E. and the E, but between 10 or 12 degrees and the Line, they are not fo frefli nor conftant, to that Point ; for in the Months of July arid Aiiguft^ the South-Winds do oft-times blow even to 11 d. or 12 d. of North Lat. keeping between the S. S. E. and the S. S. W. or S. W. but in Deceinher and January the true Trade blows between 3 d. or 4 d. of the Equator. And as the Sun returns again to the Northward, fo the Southerly Winds do increafe and draw more to the Northward of the Line, till July, and then gradu- .illy withdraw back again towards the Line : When the Sun is in Southern Si^ns, *tis the beft time of the Year to crofs the Line, if bound to the Southward i A a a 3 f^T * i>-ii \ 1 1 ■ i I 11 r ,;'r;fi /V'^-^*:^ 1;'^' m\ [i; i> > III' 'i-'l '^'■m 1 1,-f Of the General Trade -Wind, for bcfidcs ihe Benefit of the true Trade, to brine a Ship near the Line, the Wind is then more con- {lant and frefh , the Weather clearer, and the Winds which at other Times are between the S.S.E. and S. S. W. are now at S. E. or S. E. and by E.but in our Summer Months we find nothing but Calms and Tornadoes ; and tho* Tornadoes do ufually rife againft the fettled Wind •, yet but few Comman- ders will endeavour to take the Advantage of the Winds that come from them, 'but rather furl their Top'faiJs, haul up their Corfes, and lye dill till the Guft of Wind is paft, except NecefTity requires halle, for the fudden Tornadoes do not continue long \ and befides often very violent and fierce, fo that a Ship with her Sails loofe, would be in danger to be oy^er-fct by them, or at lead loofe Malts or Yards, or have the Sails fplit •, befides the Confternadon that all Men mull needs be in at fuch a Time, efpe- cially if tue Ship, by any unforefeen Accident, fliould prove unruly, as by the Miftake of the Man at Helm, or he that Conns, or by her broaching to a- gainft all Endeavours, which often happens when a fierce Guft comes; which tho' it does not Mlong, yet would do much Damage in a fhort Timci uid tho* all things Ihould fall out well, yet the Benefit of it would not compenfate the Danger : For 'tis much if a Ship fails a Mile; before eitner the Wind dyes wholly away, or at Icaft fhifts about again to the South. Nor are we fure that thefe Winds will continue three Minutes before they fliift •, and fome- times they fly round fafter than the Sliip will, tho' the Helm lies for it ; and all Seamen know theDan- ger of being taken a-back in fuch Weather. But what has been fpoken of the Southerly Winds, Calms, and Tornadoes is to be underftood of the Eaft-fide of the Atlantkk to as far Weft as the Longitude of 359 d. or thereabouts j for ir- thqr Wefterly we find the. Winds commonly ai S. % ■ ■*! Of the General Trade- Wind. |E. even in crofTing the Line, and a very briflc Gale ; 'tis for that Rcalbn our experienced Guinea Com- Imanders do keep to the Southward of the Line, 1 they are about that Longitude. Some run over [nearer the American Shore before they crofs the [Line ; Our Eajl-India Commanders do alfo crols the [Line, coming from India near the American Coaft, and find brilk Gales at S. E. all the times of the Year-, but going to the Indies, they fteer away South, from the Ifland St. J^g^t where they com- Imonly water, and meet the Winds in that Longi- Itude. But of this enough. The Winds near the Line in the Indian Ocean and Ihtb-Sea are different from this, yet there the Winds are alfo Soutlierly, and therefore different from what they are farther off; for 2 d. or 3 d. on [each fide the Line, the Winds are commonly very uncertain, and oftentimes there are perfeft Calms, or at leaft very fmall Winds and fome Tornadoes in the Eaft'Indian Sea. In the South-Seas, near and under the Line, the Winds are at South 130 Leagues off from the Shore, but how farther off I know not -, there the Winds are but fmall, yet con- ftant, and the Weather clear from March till Sep- hmhdr i but about Chriflmas there are Tornadoes ; yet in both the Eaft-Indian Sea, and the South Sea, the Winds near or under the Line, are often at South •, yet thefe Winds do not blow above 2 or 3 d. to the North or South of the Line, except near fomc Land ; but in the Atlarttick Sea, as I have faid before, the South and South- Weft Winds do fome- times blow even to 10 or 12 d. North of the Line. And for the South Winds to blow conflantly near the Line in the J t Ian tick, between Cape Verd in Afri- M,and C. Blanco in Brazil, is no wonderful thing, if a Manwill but confider thofe Promontories that fliooc out from the Continents on each fide the Sea; one on |the North, the other on the South-fide of the Equa- A a a 4 tor. 'S m I Si'': i' , r ;S Of the General Trade Wind. tor, leaving but a fmall fpace clear for the WinJ to blow in ; where there is always a pretty brisH Gale, efpecially on the American fide. And to — , ^.j^^ J ^ ^ .^„„ t.x Calins and Tornadoes, and fmall faint Breezes iil .l|i-,4Sig.i-:v Other Seas not pent up as this is. So this Sea, excepj jiifb in the very Opening between both PromontoJ ric:., is much more fubje^ to it than any other I efpecially on the Eaft-fide j that is, from the A'/^orl the Inland Corner of the Coaft of Guinea to 28 orl 30 d. diftance Weft : But this feems not to be alto- gether the EfFedls of the Line, but owing partly toi the nearnefs of the Land to the Line, which Ihooul out from the Bite of Guinea, even to Caje St. An almoft in a Parallsl with the Equator (allowing fori the Bays and Bendings) and this is 23 or 24d. ofl Longitude J and not above 80 Leagues from the Linel in fome Places : So that this part of the Sea between! thv" Coaft of Guinea, and the Line or 2 d. South of) it, lying, as it were, between the Land and the Line,! is feldom free from bad Weather 5 efpecialjy from Jpril to Septemher \ but when the Sun is withdrawn towards the Tropic k of Capricorn, then there is| fomething better Weather there. And in the Sea under the Line between the Ajrl- can Promontory and the American, it is free from I Tornadoes and Calms, and more fubjeft to fair] Weather and frefh Breezes. Therefore both our| Enghlh and Dutch Eajl-India Ships, when outward- bound, endeavour to crofs the Line as near as they can in the mid- Channel, between both Promonto- ries i and although they meet the Winds fometimes at S. S. E. or at S. S. V/. or farther Eafterly or Weft- trly ; yet will they not run above a degree to the Faft, or a degree to the Weft of the mid-Channel, before they tack again, for fear ofmeeting with the foaking Current on the Weft, or Calms on the Eaft-fide j ei- iher of which would be alike prejudicial to theirCourie. rhe Of the general Trade- Wind. , The Tortuguefe in their Voyages to Brazil^ take the kv^it method, and get to the South of the Line before they fall in with the Land, for fear of fal- ling to leeward of Cape St. Auguftine^ for there are io many things which make that a difficult Cape to pafs, that hardly any Man would try to do it, buc at a diftance. But our Guinea Ships do generally pafs on to their Ports on the Coafl of Guinea^ at any time of the Year, without ufing fuch Methods *, becaufe their Bufinefs lies moftly on the North of the Line, where they always find a fair Welterly Wind. But in their returns from thence, they crofs the Line, and run 3 or 4d. to the Southward of it, where they meet the Wind between the S. S. E. and the S. S. W. and a brisk gale : with this Wind, they run away in the fame parallel 35 or 36d. before they crofs the Line again to the Northward, which is about mid-way between the Extreams of both Promontories, there they find a brisk gale, which carries them to the IVeft-Indies^ or where they pleafe. Some run Weft 40 d. before they crofs the Line, and find ftrong Gales ; whereas fliould they come from Old'Cnilaba}\ or any other Place in the Bite^ on the North of the Line, and fteer away W^ft, thinking to gain their Paffage the fooner becaufe it is the neareft way, they would doubtlefs be miftaken, as many Men hare been: For if they keep near the Line, they meet with great Calms -, and if tikey keep near the Land, dicy meet with Weft=;rly Winds i and if they keep in the middle between both, they muft of necefiity meet with both Inconveniencies, as alfo with Tornadoes, efpecially in M/v, June^ July and Auguft. . ' By which means fomc Ships, if they go any of thele three ways now cautioned againft, fpend more time in going from the Bite to Cape Verd^ than ano- ther till'lll . m .s;jmt'; ■•■■' -Mm dii, ^ til 11*1 10 Of the General Trade-Wind, ther Ship will do if it crofs the Line in the right pk ces, before -mentioned, in going to the Barbadoei, Sometimes unexperienced Guinea Maften in thcr return from thence, after they have crofs'd the Line from N. to S. and are in a fair way to gain a fpeec., Paflfage, will be fo obftinate in their Opinions, after they have run .16, 28 or 30 d. Weft from OldCifk. bar (with a fair Wind) to fteer away W. by N. or W. N. W. it being the diredteft Courfe they canfteer for Barbadoes, then they muft of NecefTity keep within a Degree of the Line, while they are running 2 or 300 Leagues, which may prove to be a long time in doing, becrmfe of the Uncertainty of the Winds near the Equator •, therefore they that crofs it near the Middle, between both Promontories, or near the American Coaft, when they are minded to fall away to the Northward, fteer away N. W. or N. W. by N. and fo deprefs or raife a degree in run- ning 28 Leagues at moft -, therefore (which is bed) they are but a Ihort time near the Equator : And be- fides, in thus crofting it in the^ijfiiddle between both Promontories, they feldom mifs of a Wind : for the Wind in thefe Seas has no other Paflage, but be- tween thefe two Promontories. What I have faid already on this Head, has been chiefly of the Atlanticky and of that too moflly a- bout the Line, becaufe it is the moft difficult Place to pafs in going to the Southward. In other Seas, as in the Eaft-India Sea^ and the Great SouMn there is no fuch Difficulty to pafs any way, becaufe there is Sea-room enough, without coming into fuch Inconveniencies as wc meet with in the Jtkn- tick', and as to the Winds between the Line and the Tropicks, in the Eaft-Indian Sea and the South-hi, they are in their Latitudes, as I faid before, -viz, in South Latitude, at E. S. E. and in North Lat. at E. N. E. blowing conftantly frefti Breezes, efpeci ally in the South-Seas, even from witliin a Degree or Vii'i Of the General Trade- JVind. oof the Line, on each fide to the Tropick, or to Degrees of Lat. And this I may truly fay, that itlier the Atlantick nor the EaJi^Indian Seas have le true Trade- Winds fo conftant nor brifk at all cs of the Year, and in all Latitudes, as they e here. For being once got in the Trade, I mean ithout the Verge of the coafting Trade- Wind, it ilows a very brisk Gale all over the Ocean. Capt. 'm experienced this in failing from the Cdllapa- ij Iflands to the LadroneSy in the latter end of the eari685. 'We had the like Experience, faning m Cape Corientes to Guam the Year after (as ap* rs by my Journal of that Run, in my Vo'^age mi the World. Chap. lo. Pag. 185.) And as for le Wind to the Southward of the Line, I had great xperience of it in my Ramble there with Capt. krp i and fmce that Capt. DavU^ in his Return ut of the South'Sea^ had greater Experience, be- aufe he took his Departui e from the Gallapagos I- lands alfo, and (leering W. S. W. from thence tillpie fit the true Trade at E. S. E. he fteered diredlly uth, clear from the Line, till he got to the South- id of the Tropick of Capricorn^ and fo quite ithout the Trade. In the Eaft Indian Sea, between the Lat. of 30 d. d 4 degrees South of the Equator, the true Breeze at E. S. E. or S. E. by E. yet not fo conftant nor (risk as in the South-Seas *, befides that part of it hich lyes to the Northward of the Line, has not iich a conftant fteady Breeze, but is more fubjed to alms, and near the Shore to ihifting Winds, ac- ording to the Seafons of the Year. It ''it # ■.ff?]i:lfi8 \ . ■;' 1;' 1.F -i CHAP. tz (1 H* <.f*\ '.> it. \ I I CHAP. II. Of the conftant coafting Trade- Winds, <* ... -' A Tarallelof the South-Tart of Africa ^ /F;«^^ not in fome ^Places, 'Sand Mown from m Shore about Cape Blanco in Guinea. An Account of the Trade Winds from thence ti '■ Cape Logos. ' . -'^' TH E Trade-winds which blow on a^ Coaft , are either Conftant or Shift' ing. The Coafts that are fubjeft to Conftant Traded "winds, are the Sonth-Coaft of Africa and P^r«, ari Part of the Coaft of Mexico^ and Fart of Qmu, The South-part of Africa and y-eru^ are in oni Lat. both Coails trending North and South \ botW on the Weft-fide of their Continents-, both in South Lat. and tho* they do not lye exadly parallel by Reafon of fo.Tie Capes orBendings in the Land, yet are the Winds much alike on both Coafts, all the Year long. . ... i. :.-•• On the Coaft of Aniola the Winds are between theS. W. and S. And on the Coaft of Peru, >verec. kon them between the S. S. W. and S. S. E. But this the Reader muft take notice of: That the Trade- winds that blow on any Coaft. except the North Coaft of Africa, whether they are conftant, ana hio^v! fu, are m one Of the anfiant coafi'mg Traae-JVinds. blow all the Year, or whether they are fhifting ./inds, do never blow right in on the Shear, nor tight along Shoar i but go flanting, making an laccute Angle of about 22 degrees. Therefore as Ihe Land trends more Eafterly or Welle ly from ihe North or South on thefe Coafts, fo the Winds ^ Ido alter accordingly -, as for example, where the [Land lies N.and-S. the Wind would be atS. S. W. but where the Land lies S. S. W. the Trade would IbeatS. W. But if the Land lies S. S. E. then the [Wind, would be at. South. This is fuppofed of [Coafts lying on tlie Well-fide of any Continent, [and on the South-fide of the Equator, as tNc two ICoafts of y^fika and Peru are ; but the North [part of Jfrica has the Trade blowing off from [the Shore, two or three Points. Thcfe Southerly Winds do blow conllantly all [the Year long, on both the Coafts of Peru and A- Wi:a\ they are brisk, and blow farther off from [the Coafts than any Ihifting Winds. On the Coaft of Peru^ thefe Winds blow 1 40 or 1 150 Leagues off Shore, befjre you can perceive Ijtkn to aiuT : But then as you run farther off, fo \^c Wind will come about more Eafterly, and at about 200 Leagues diftance in Settles at E. S. E, khich is the true Trade. Between Angola and Brazil the Winds are much [as they are in the South-Seas, on the Weft-fide of ik Peruvian Coaft-, only near the Line, within 4. degrees of it, in South Lat. the Wind holds in the S. S. W. or S. W. for 28 or 30 d. of Longitude, andfo ir may in the fame Lat. in the South-Seas, for ought I know i for it was at South, as far as any of us were, which was 200 Leagues. As the Co^ifts of Peru and Angola have theii' con- ftant Trade-winds, fo has the Coaft of Mexico and (^ulma: And as the Coaft of Peru lies North and 5ouih, fo thofe lye nearer Eaft and Weft, Accor- 15 . .;■»'■ ■s ^^'l IH i".'i> \^:>y :U' W >; 14 Of the cmftant coafting Trade-Winii, According to the Courfe of the general Trade U Winds (hould be Eafterly on the£ Coatts \ but herl we meet with the qui*:e contrary \ for from the Latl of ID d. North to 20 d. North on theCoaft of ilfj ico^ the Winds «re conftantly near the Weft on al the Coaft, except check'd fomctimcs with Tornadoes I which do commonly rife againft the "Wind; the! il me is obferved on the Coaft of Angola^ wherel there are Tornadoes alfo : I/ut the Coaft of Teru A not fubjedl to any, yet on that Coaft there are fomeJ times Calms two or three Days together off of the! Bay ofArica^ between the Lat. of i6 and 23. Indiel Lat. of .S9 you (hall have Calms 30 or 40 Lcagu«| off Shore, but not fo far on either fide the Bay, neither are fuch Calms ufual on the Coafts of An] gola and Mexico only after a Tornado, as is common | in other Places. As the Coafts of Angola and Perity do in moll I things run parallel each with other; fo do the Coafts of Mexico and Guinea: And if I am not miftaken, the Winds on both thefe Coafts are much alike; Bot'i thefe Coafts do begin at the Bite or Bending | of the Land, where the other two parallel Lands do end ; for as the Mexican Continent begins at or near Panama , which is eight or nine degrees North of the Equator -, fo that part of Guinea^ which 1 fpeak of, begins about Old Callabar^ in about foor or five Degrees of North Lat. The Land trends away Wefterly from both thefe Places fome hundreds of Leagues ; and tho' not on one Point of the Compafs, becaufe of the fmall Poinis, Bays and Bending in the Land, yet the Winds that on more regular Shores, keep their con- ftant Courfe, and blow in upon the Shore, about two Points from the Sea, do alfo here on the Gmmi. Coaft, blow on the Shore from the Weft Quarter, and as the Land lies pointing in on the Shore, ev;n from Cape Mount to Old Callabar, which is above 400 }'m' %: Of the conftant coafling Trade-Wind. Leagues •, and that with fuch Conftancy that iie Eaft-part of that Coaft is called the Leeward 'finji J and the Weft-part the fVindward Coafi ; And [et this is fo contrary to the general Opinion of Sea- tn, concerning the Courfe of the Winds, that no- ting but their own Experience will convince them the Truth of it ; for thus they generally reafon ; inrkdoes is the Eafter-moft of the Qri^^f-Iflands, (herefore the reft are faid to be Leeward of it, and of any other Ifland ; as indeed it ufually holds rue, becaufe the Winds there are commonly at Eaft i but this Counter- Wind on the Coaft of Guinea bnilhes moft Seamen that have feen nothing like jhatthey meet with here. There are other Coafts jhere the Winds Ihift very little, as on the Coaft of Urmcos^ and the South-fide of the Bay of MexicOy in the Bay of Campeacby^ and all the Carihbe Bands. Indeed there may be fometimes fome fmali Rurts of a Wefterly Wind on thefe Coafts, but nti- her conftant, certain, or lafting. And indeed this was the great Stumbling-Block hat we met with in running from the Gallapagos ^nh for the Ifland Cocos^ mention'd in my former look, Chap. 5. Pag. iii. But that Part of Africa^ which lies between Cape N in 14 d. North, and Cape Bayedore in 27. has Jommonly Northerly Winds ; or between the N. and I E. very frefti Gales ; therefore our Guinea Ships bound to Guinea ftrive to keep near that Shore, and |)ft-times make the Capes : And being to the South- «/ard of Cape Blanco^ which lyes in Lat. about 21, [hey are fometimes fo troubled with Sand, which the W brings off Shore, that they are fcarce able to |e£ one another : Their Decks are alfo ftrewed with jt) and their Sails all red, as if they were tanned with [he Sand that fticks to them, it being of a r eddilK ^olour, IS J Hi' t ■:' ,1 I'l ■ "I' • ' r m I m I From t :,l : , . 1 6 Of the conjlant confling Trade fVhids. From C;; |)e Vcrd to Cape vSt. Amt:^ which !> about 6d;grt'es North, the Trade is between the F. ^injl S. \L. from Cape St. Arnis^ to Cape Palmas, inabourl 4 (h North, tlie I'radc is at S. W. from Cape P,i| mas to the Bite of Guifiea^ which is at the btrdinw of the Coall, the Wind is at "W. S. W. from this Bending the Land begins to turn about to the South •, and from thence to Cape Lcops^ which is to' the Sou \ of ' e ^..ine, the Trnde is at S. W. asicl is on all ' ■iatC<.ai\ even to 30 degrees South. This iail At count 1 had from Mr. Canb^^ who! has made n uny '' yages to Guinea^ '. i C HAP. Sit i™(;*>\ " '. 17 I «sx9 ^ '^ (fitS) (&9y i^ If®) i^ ;!:(?) ;0St CHAP. Iff. Of the Cotfiing T^cde-fVmds that fhift. [r/;^ Coa'> where the IVinds fhift. Of the U'lnds between G. afl.. dc Dios, and Cape La Vela. Of thofe on the Coaft of Brazil : At Panama : About Natal : And Cape Co- -'cntcs; And the Rcd-Sca : hrom the Gulph of Pcrfia to Cape Comorin, Of the Moa- Ibons in India : Their Benefit for failing from Tlace to ^Place^ Sea and Land Breezes fervweab/e for the fame purpofe. By what helps long Voyages are made in an of en Sea. :,i r M I I H E Coaft where the "Winds do ufiially fhift, are fome in the IVeJl- Indies, as that part of the Ccaft between Cape Gratia df yioi, and Cape La Vera chietly : The Coaft of ^'ml \ the Bay of Pana^na in the South-Seas, and \\\ the Coaft of the Eaft-Indies, even from the ^iver Natal, which is in the Lat. of 30 d. South, Diuhe Eaft • fide of Africa, beyond the Cape of good ^e^ to the North-Eaft Parts of China, compre- keiiding all the Bays bt^tween. The Iflands ...fo have ihcir Annual Changes ; Of all thefe I ftiall treat in [heir order, beginning fir ft with that Coaft which yes between Cape Gratia de Dies and Cape La Ve^ \ ' And I the rather begin with this part firft, ^^■x\^^t this part of the IVejl- Indies is all thiic is fub- lect to change i neither is tlie change altogether :,'Si± B b b fo i ■:^r||' '■ 'i ! 18 Of the coafling Trade-lVinds, ccc. fo orderly, (v: ccrt.iin :ir, ilic i^/,.7//?-c/;/j !nthe£;', hiuiCS^ or tlic lliifLing Winds on the Coaft of ili';j^ 'zii. The CoMiinon Trade-Wind on this Cond is bej two. n the N. 1"'-. uwd thcl'a;^: This 'Imdc blow! conlhintly tVoni March till I\ovcmh:r^ but is ofj check'd with 'I'oinado^^s in th" Fvlonihs of .1/,;\1 yufii\ Jidj, and ^i-gijK tjpeciojly between the Ril vcr of Daricii and C'.jLrrl:d \ but to \Vind-\var| there is a more llrcnj A:r, and a briflar Wind From O'clohcr till M.ir.b tlierc arc Wcilcrly Winds! not conll.int, nor violent, but blowir.j,!; modcratdJ fomctimes two or three Days or a Week •, anil the/ the Bree/e may blow again as l-)ng. Tlui^j Wind are mofl" in D.cnnbcr and January -, before iindati thefe two Months the 1 rade-Wiiul is only chidfj a Day or two near the full or r'ninge of tiic Moonl and wlicn the Welle rly Winds blow longdl rnl ilrongell en the Couil, the l^allerly Tr;idc-VviiiJ blows ofF at Sea, as at other I'imes. Near Crt' Vela^ \.\\Q. true Trade blows within eight w! ttj Leagues off the Shore, when the Wcflerly Wir blow on tiie CoalV, except in a Itrong North, v,k| turns the Tiadc-Wind back, and on the C'jl'm and between it and the Kiver D^nV//, theWellerl) Winds, as they arc more freciuent and hilling ihi towwvd Cape La f'da, fo alfo they blow farther oj at Sea, fomctimes as far as to twenty or diir Leagues from the Shore. Therefore Ships bound to Windward, ifthcyl:!^ far to go, either take the Opportunity of tlie ^^d] erly Wind-Seafon, or elfe go through theGulp.u Florida, and (Iretch away to the North, til! riiaM into a variable W'ind's way, and then r ni to e" Faflward as far as they think convenient bel^rein Rretch to the Southward ao;ain. All that .ue oo'in] from thc.lFt'ft-ImiiL's to Guinea mull take this Iciir if they fiil from "Jamaica (becaule they nvjl^ \\ th;oi:i 0/ the coap/mgTrack'JVinds, <5cc. Itliroiigh thcGulph of F/oriJa) but from other Iflnnds tluy may flrcrcli ;iv/.iy dircdly to the Norch, and ulc 1th' Timi' Method. But if Ships have only a iiii.dl way to fdl to [Wituiward, they make life of the Sea and l.r.nd- Br(tzcs, making no accounc of the 'rime of the [Year. The Winds on the Confl: o[ Brazil, arc from S,:p- |/7w/,r till A-fdnb at E. N. E. and from AUnh till \^^l4mber again they are at Soutli. The Winds in the Bay of Pauana arc from 5'^,''- Uiinkr till March Jv\il7:rly, and iVom M^irth till 6"^/- lltv/i/'fT again thry arc ar South and S. S. W. r-rom the Caic of g,jcl Hope Failwards, as far as |(!k' River Natal, which lies in 3od. South Laiitude, aiulCr^Av/ Corlciti<'S inLar. of 24(1. degrees South, the Winds from May to Orl>b-:r aie conltantly from the Well to tiie North Well within tliirty Leagues of Ilk Shore: They blow hardeit at North WelL When I the Wind comes to North Wefl, it is commonly ftormy and tcmpeftuous W^carher, attended with much Rain, and then the Weather is cold and chii- lly. From O.'tohcriiW March the Winds areKaflcrly from the E. N. E. to the E. S. E. you have then ve- ry fair Weatlier : The E.-N. E. Winds are pretty [frdh, but the Winds at E. S. E. are fmall and faint, fometimes affording fome drops of Rain. From Cape Coricules to the Red-Sea^ Irom Ol^ohir till the middle of January the Winds are variable, but moil times Northerly, and oft fliifting round theCompafs : The ilrongeft Winds are at North ; thefe are often very violent and llormy, and ac- companied with mucli Rain, and thus it blows about tliC Illand of Macliij^:ifcar and t-'ie adjaccnc Ifiands. E h'jft: Storms are commonly precccdcd by a great Sea out of the North.. Erom yanuary till Maj the Winds are ac N. E. or N. N. E. fine frelh Gales and B b b ^ i'^ir IS> %i: ' .l:i.. ''j: I . i'^ 1 ■ ' / '! ■'- ;■ ;, ■ i^^^tt k < ;■ t\lR.iiP! m Of the coafl'tng-Trade-fVindSy Sec. fair WcMther. From A fay till Oclober the Winds are Southerly, in July^ ^'Itigujl^ antl Scptemhn^ tliere arc great Calms in the Bay of Pate and Melrnde,:^^^ a llrong Current fctting into the Bay : Thcrdore Ships that have occalion to pais this way in thofc three Monciis, ought to keep at leaft a hunched Leagues from the Coall to avoid being driven by the Current into the Bay ; for thefe Calms do fometiincs laft fix Weeks, yet oO' at Sea, at the diflance of a hunelred Leagues the Winds are frcfh at South. At die En- trance into the Rcil-Sca near Cape Guardrfuer thrrc arc c ommonly very hard Gales and turbulent Wea- ther, even when the Calms are fo great in liicCayof Mclcndc, and not above ten or twelve L-eagues atSei from the laid Cape^ there is alfo very fair Weather, and pretty frefh Gales. In t\\ii Red-Sea from May till OoJober, the Winds! arc ftrong at S. W. and the Current letting out llrong, fo that there is no entering into that Sea in! thole Months, except you keep clofe to the Suiiili- fliorc, there you have Land- Winds, and an cdily Current. In the Months of September or Otfolm\ the Wind /hulBes about to the North, and at lad fettles at N. E. then comes fair Weather on this Coafl ; and lb continues till the Monfoon Jhifts, which is in Am or Ma^ \ then it firfl: takes one flurry at North, and from thence it veers to the Eaft, and fo about to the | South, and there it fettles. The Account of this Coafl: from the Cape of id\ Hope hither, I had from Captain Rogers. And as this hither-mod part of the Eajl-Idia, i- ven from the Cape of good Hope to the Red-S^ii, which Coafl lies nearefl N.E. and S.W. hath its lhiftingSea;| fons, fo the other parts of /«^//rt, from the Gulph ot Perjia to Cafe Cornorin^ has its conltant Annual change, and from Co??ior in, clear round the Bay on Bengal^ the change is no lefs ; and even from thence, through the Streights of Malacca^ and Eallv/arcs as her. the WinJs Of the coafling Trade Winds, &c. far as Japarty the (hifting Trade-Winds do alter- nately fuccccd each other as duly as the Year comes about. It cannot be fiippofcd that the Trade-Wind in all thcfe Places, fhould be exactly on one Point of the Compafs : For I have already (hown, that thcfe Trade-Winds on any Coaft do commonly blow flanting in on the Shore about two or three Points j therefore in Bays v/here the Land lies on fcvcral Rombs, the Winds muft alter accordingly. Though that Rule does not hold altogether true in Bays that are deep, but is chiefly meant for a pretty llrcight Coaft, which lies near alike ; allowing for Points of Land and fmall Coves, which make no alteration : But on the fides and in the bottom of large Bayri, fiich as the Bay of Bengal, the Bay of Siam, &c. the Wind differs much on one fide of the Bay from whar It docs on the other •, and both fides differ from the conllant Trade on the open Coatl i yet all fhift in the fliifting Seafons, which are Jprii and September^ at one and the fame Time, to their oppofite Points : 1 mean on the open Coaft, for in fome Bays there is alitdc alteration from that general Rule. Thcfe Ihifting Winds in the Kajt- Indies, are called Muiiioons ; one is called the E-jL^-Monfoo/i, the orhtrr ikWdl-iMonfeon. ThcEo.(\:-Mofifoo/i fcts in about Sqtember, and blows till y^pril •, then ceafeth, and \.kWe{\:~Monfoon takes place and blows till Septem- y again. And both the Eafl- and Wd\-Moftfio}n blow in their Seafons flanting i, on the Coaft, as is before ddcribed : The EyjiU'Monfoon brings fair W^eather i the Weft brings Tornadoes and Rain. For ("as I iaid before in the firft Chap, of the General Trade- Wind at Seaj when the Sun comes to the Nortli of jheLine then all Places North of the Equator, with- in theTropicks, are troubled with Cloud ■ and Rain, but when the Sun is in Southern Signs then tlie Sky is B b b ^ " ciwt 2T ■'i ' •II ' * ; i ! i- 1. !■?' ' \ h Of the coafting Trade-Winds, ice! clear. And as moP: of the Tnidirg-Countries in the EniJ-fiiMrs, clpccially thole on the Main Conn. nenr, do lye between the Line and the Tropukof Cancer : So thele Countries are all fubjed to the Chan- ges and Seafons ah-eady delcribed. But thc,I^:l^.,,^ lying under the Line, and to the South between the Line and t'ne I'ropick of Cajricorn^ have contrary Seafons tothefe. Yet do they change at the fclf-lamj TinK\ The difierencc between the lAonfoons on the North of the Line, and the Mompiis on the South of the Lii'-e is th.at in Jpri/, when the WcA-Monjkn {c^-Zm to the North of the Line, the S. S. W. Wind fas into the South of the Lat. and is called theS.S.W, Monfyjii. And in SrftcmhcrvihQn the Eall Monk^, lets into tlie Noith of 'tj.e Line, the N.N.E. Wind blows in South Lat. and is called the N. N. E. %- foo}!. And whereas the Weft-Afo/z/oo;/ is accompani- ed with Tornadoes ana Rain in North Lat. the I S. S. W. Ahiifuon^ which blows at the fame Time South Lat. is accompanied with fair Weather. And as the Eall-A/o/./zt;/ is attended with fair Wcaihcrin Nordi I-at. the N.N.E. Monfoon^ which blows a: the i.iinc Time in South Lat. is attendcl with Tor- nadoes and very bad Weather. And though thtfe' V/inds do not tliift exadily at one Time in all Year^; yet Scr'l'-mhrr and .^; ril are always accountcil ihel turning Months, and do commonly participate cfl both forts of Winds, Eor thcfe Monfooi,\ do us con- ft.mdy Ihift by turns, as the Year comes about. A:id| by means of this change of W^ind, Ships have the be- nefit to fail from one part of LuUa^ with one Wind, and return with the contrary : So that moll ot thel Navigation in India depends on the Moifions. And Ships do conllanily wait for thefe Ch^mgcs ; and the IVlerchants fit out to any Place according ;is thcSci-' fon of the Year draws on : And wherelbcverthey go they certainly difpaich their Bulinefs fo as to re- "^ riirn .^ ^ 'iSsJ:^.''' Of the coafllng Trade-Winds, 6cc.' Iturn back again with next or contrary Monjaon : lor here is no fliiling to and from any Place, but with the Alonfocn : One carries them out, tlic other brings them back. Neither do I knov/ iiow it were pollilile for Merchants in thefe Parts to trade by Sci from one Country to another, were it not for tk'ftj fhifting Monjoons, For as I liave f.iid before, moft of the trading Kingdoms in IrJia do bye be- tween the Line, and the Tropick of Cancer. And the Land lies fo to the North, that Ships cannot go to the North of the Tropick, and by that means get intovaiiable Winds way, as they may and do in \t^^]V(jl-l}hV\cs^ when they are bound far to the Enfl:- [ward. Neither could it be any Ad\^antage to ftand |o;Tto Sea, as they may in the South-Sea \ for that would be of little Moment, becaufe they would then coine 10 near the l^inc, that they would be always lyablc to Tornadoes and Calms \ and fl'ioukl they crofs the Line and run to the Southward of it, think- ing tliat way to g^tin their PalTage, it is likely they iiiiglit fucceed no better there : For that part of the [Seawliich lies to the Southward of the Line is open lu Iree to the true Trade, which feldom fiils t But jindeed that Wind would carry them to the South- hwud quite beyond the Trade into a ^'ariable Vv' inds- hv.iy. But the Sea is not open uicre, for Ships to pals Ifofar to the EaRward as to gain their Port3. For our Eajl-huiia Ships that are bound to Slam, \fiinqiicen, Chlua^ &e. cannot get thither but in x\-]£ Seafoii of the Weft-.V/'/z/'^''//, t no ugh they go L li- irtctly from England ; and though, after they are pad' theCj/'r, they have the convenience tollretch to the [Lifiward, as far as the Land will permit, yet they kannot go fo iar as is convenient before they will be obliged to fleer down within the Courfe of tlie Trade- Winds, v/hich would obftruil their Paflage, if they were as conflant here as in other Places. And there- lore if thefe Anniverfa/y Afoii/hons did not conllantly B b"b .!. fucceed 35 I : ■,'H' •i- ) • 34. Of the coaft'tng Trade-Winds y &c. fucceed each other, Ships could not pafs but one way i they- might fail to the Weflward, but there they muft lye up, or be three or four Years in their return from a place which maybe failed in fix Weeks yet I fay that to Places near each other, Ships may and do very often fail againfl i\\t Mon'oon ^ and tbr with fuccefs : For here are Sea and Land-Breeze-s under the fliore, and in many Places good Anchor- ing, by w!uch means Ships may flop when they find I the Current againfl them : But Voyages of a ^rear diftance cannot be made only witl\ Land and Sea- Winds without fome other helps. In the Weft -Indies we have thefe helps cf Land- winds and Sca-Breezes by which we fail from one Place to another, provided they are no grear di- flance "afundcr, and perform our Voyagrs well t- nough •, but when we are to fail a great way toL'^e laflward againfl the Trade-wind, then we are for- ced, as is faid before, either to pafs thro' the Gulp'i of F'orula, if we are far to Leeward, or elfe to pal's between the Iflands, and fo flrctch away to the Northward, rill wc arc clear out of the Trade, and fo get our Longitude that way. So in the So'Jth-Spa> nifo, and on zlicCoiid of Guinea, the Coafl of 5/;n;.', and tlie Coall of Africa, between the Care of ifxl iioi'C and the Red-Sea, there are Sea and Land-BreC' zcr, which may be made ufe of to fail againll the 'I"radc, li the Voyages be fhort : But when we are to fail a great way againfl the Trade-wind, we m:;i": not wholly depend on the Sea and 1 /and-Brec'-C^i for tlien we fhould be a long Time in accompliibr;; fuch Voyages. Li fuch Cales we have recourfc to i^ther helps, fuch as Providence has fupplied thefe Seaswit'i, which feems to be Vv'anting in the Eaft-Ifidu's : a- tor example, in the S on :L'-Seas and on t!ie Cojil of a •' where the Southerly Winds blow conilanrlv all '-c Year, thtw Ships that are bound to the Souinv-r^! flrctch oti to the WeRward till they ure our o: t .; Co.i:.;:::: :r#t^ Of the Coafting Trade-Winds, $>iz. Coafting Trade-Wind, and there meet with the true iXrade at E. S. E. with which they fail as far as they leafe to the Southward, and then fleer in for their ore. So on the Coafl of Mexico^ where the Coaft- ing Trade js wcfterly, there they run off to Sea, till they meet the true E. N. E. Trade •, and then ftretch away to the Northward, as far as their Port j and Ships that come from the Pbilipines, bound for the Coaft of Mexico^ ftretch away to the North, as far as 40 Degrees, to get a Wind to bring them on the Coaft. Thus ilfa all Ships bound to the Eajl-Indies after tlieyhave pail the Line in the Atlantick Ocean, ftretch away to the Southward beyond the Trade, and then Hand over to the Eaftward, towards the Cape i fo in returning home, after they have croft the Line to the Northward, they fteer away North, with the Wind at E. N. E. till they are to the Northward of the Trade- Wind, and then direft their Courfe Eaftcrly. All Guinea Ships and Weft- My; Ships do the fame in their Returns : And this lithe Benefit of an open Sea. But to return. The Monfoons among the E^ft-hdia Iflands that lie 10 the Southward of the Line, as I faid before, are eith^^r at N. N. K. orS. S. W. Thefealfo keep tiine, and ftiift, as the Moyifoons do, to the North of the Line, In the Months of April ^nd September, but near the Line, as a Degree or two on each fide, the Winds are not fo conftant. Indeed there they are fo very uncertain, that I cannot be particular fo as to give any true Account of them : Only this I know, that Cairns are very frequent there, as alio Torna- does and fudden Gufts j in which the Winds fly in a Moment quite round the Compafs. ■ ■ ) 25 ' '^H' ■; C II A l\ 26 C H A P. IV. 0/ St'a iind Land- Breezes. Ho:v Sea- Breezes diJTer from cojnmon Trdt- IVinds. 7 he Time and Manner of tbcj Rife ; | And partkiilarly at Jamaica. Of the LiU- Breezes. The Time and Manner of their R.[r. As on the IJlhmus tf/" Da rim and at Jamaica. I The places -jjhere thefe I Finds blo-jo /, roiii^ or (lackeji j as at Capes and Head- Lands. hf\ Bays, Lagnyies and 1 (lands. Seal Ski?i Bid- ders ufed injiead of Bark'Loggs. SE A-Breezer,,gencrally rpeaking,arc no other than ihe common Trade-Wind ot tiic Coalls on w'licii they blow, with tliis difference, that whereas all Trade-Winds, whether they are thofe tb,at 1 calltru general Trade-Winds at Sea, or coailiiig Tradj- Winds, either conftant or nuiting, do bJow r.s v'cll by Night as by Day, with an equal brl.^kncls, ex- cept when Tornadoes happen \ lb contranly Stw Winds are only in tlie Day, and ceafe in ti\c Nig'u; and as all Trade-Winds blow conftantly near to o-.c Foint of the Compafs, both where the confumt T rade-Winds are, or where ti\ey Ihift i on the con- rrary, thefe S^a-Winds do differ from them in this, tv. r in the Morning when they Hrfl: fpring up, tliey blow commonly as the Trade-vVinds on the Coait t'o, .vt or no., the lame Point of Compafs ; h'-it about Mid-day they fly off two, thrcj or toi>r i.'o:r.'.5 W-? Of Sea and Land- Breeze^', oints further from the Land, ;ind fo blow nlmoH: igia in on the CoaO, eipccially 'n fair Weather •, for ^«^|{^j^«iV^^lKn the Sea-Breczcs are trued ; as lor Inlbince, on he Coafl of ylngoia the Land licsahiioft North and loiith, there the Trade- Wind is from the S. S. W. ;oihc S. W. the true Sea-Breezes near the Shore are t W. by S. or W. S. W. and fo of any other 'Coaft. Thcfc Sea-Breezes do commonly rife in the Morn- ng about Nine a-Clock, fometimcs Iboner, fome- iimes later : they firft approach the Shore fo gently, [iisif they were afraid to come near it, and oft-times Itky make fome faint Breathings, and as if not wil- lling to olfend, they make a halt, and feem ready to Iretir.". I have waited many a time both Afliore to ^tccivc the Pleafure, and at Sea to take the Benefit 27 v\ '>es. 'nmon Trdt\ )f the Lind. of their R.^r, d at lamaicaJ lo'^ j.roii'im i- [jnvds.im d iikm Bid' I r. e no other than | ^oalls onw'iiciV at whereas all ■ that I call til'; )af-ing Trii'- ) blow r.s v.'cll brl:>ivncls, ex- ontrarily Sei- in the Nig'u; tly near too'.c the conftant t i on the con- 1 them in this, iring up, thev 1 on the Co-iiL ComtMfs ; but thrcj or t^'-^ bfic. lv;ni5 It comes in a fine, fmall, black Curie upon the [Water, when as all the Sea between it and the Shore -)[ yctreach'd by it, is as fmoothand even as Glafs lin comparifon ; in half an Hour's rime after it has Ireiched the Shore it fans pretty briskly, and fo in- Icrc.ilVth gradually till Twelve a-CJock, then it is Icommonly flrongefl", and latls fo till Two or Three la very brifk Gale •, about Twelve at Noon it alfo [veers off to Sea two or three Points, or more in very fair W^T.ther. After Three a-Clock it begins to die away again, and gradually withdraws its force till all \\i fpent, and about Five a-Clock, fooner or latcr» aicordirg as the Weather is, it is lulTd aficep, and jcomes no more till the next Morning. Thele Winds are as conflantly expedled as the iDay in their proper Latitudes, and feldom fail but lin the wetSeafon. On all Coalls ©f the Main, whether in the Eaft or IVeft- Indies, or Guinea^ they rife in the Morning, and withdraw towards the Evening,^ yet [fiipe^and He;id-Lands have the greateft Benefit of them, ill l\ ^l 28 Of Sea and Land-Breezes. them, where they are higheft, rife earlier, and bloi later. Bays contra rily have the Difad vantage, for therj tliey blow but faintly at beft, and their continuancl is but fliort. Iflandj that he nearefl: F-all and Weft] have the Benefit of thefe Winds on both fides equal! ly ; for if the Wind is at S. W. or S. W. andbvsl on the South-fide of any Ifland, then onthtNortlil {\i}{i it would be at N. W. or N. W. by N. ]. , fair Wcithcr •, but if turbulent Weather, it woulj be E. S. E. on the South-fide, and E. N. E. oiitlij other : But this true ^ea-Breeze does not verr fo| fiir out, except only near the Shore, as about thred or four Leagues diftant j for farther than that, yoyi will lind only the right Coafling Trade- Wint!, This I have experienced in feveral Parts of the WoilJj particularly at Jamaica ; about which I have made many Voyages, both on the North and the Sooth-I fide, where I have experienced the Sea-Breezesvcryi much to differ ; for on the South-fide 1 \\m found the true Sea- Wind after Twelve a-Clock, and! in very fair Weather at S. or S. S. E. though ir fprung lip in the Morning at E, S. E. or S. E. And or ilie North-fide I have found the Sea- Breeze at N.or N.l N, E. though it rofe in the Morning at E. N. E. buJ whether there may be the like ditibrence aboutj fmaller Iflands, as at Barhadoes^ &:c. I cinnot de- termine, though I am apt to believe there is not.| So much for the Sea-Winds, next of \\\t Land- Breezes. Land-Breezes are as remarkable as any Winds that I have yet treated of; they are quite contrary ro the Sea-Breezcs •, for thofe blow right from tht Jhore,hut the Sea- Breeze right in upon the fhorc; aad as the Sea-Breczes do blow in the Day and rell ii| the Nijxht •, fo on the contrary, thefj do blow :n ni Night and reft in the Day,' and fo they do '!' lit'- juirv V -I %;■' Of Sea mid Land-Breezes, Ltely Succeed Ccach other. For when the Sea-Breezes ave performed their Offices of the Day, by brea- king on their refpeaive Coafts, they in the Evening 60 either withdraw from the Coaft, or lie down to [eft : Then the Land-Winds, whofe Office is to brtathe in the Night, moved by the fame Order of jivine Impulfe, do rouze out of their private Rccef- |fes, and gently fan the Air till the n.-xt Morning *, and then their Tafk ends, and they leave the Stage. There can be no proper time fet when they do tegin in the Evening, or when they retire in the lorning, for they do not keep to an Hour -, but fchcy commonly fpring up between fix and twelve in |the Evening, and lafb till fix, eight or ten in the lorning. They both come and go away again earlier lor Iciter, according to the Weather, the Seafon of [the Year, or fome accidental Caufe from the Land : [For on fome Coafts they do rife earlier, blow freffier, [and remain later than on other Coafts, as I ffiall ftiew [hereafter. They arc called Land-Winds, becaufe they Wow [offfhore contrary to the Sea-Brceze, which way fo- tver the Coaft lies : Yet I would not fo be under- lllood, as if thefe Winds are only found to breathe near the Shores of any Land, and not in the Inland [Parts of fuch Countries remote from the Sea ; for [in my Travels I have found them in the very Heart of the Countries that I have palled through •, as par- ticularly on the Ifthmus of Barien, and the Ifland m Jamaica : Both which Places I have travelled over [from Sea to Sea ; yet becaufe thefe are bu; ".rail jTradsof Land in comparilbn with the two mam I Bodies of Land of Mexico and Peru, and thofe vaft ! Regions in yJjia and Africa lying within the Tropicks, I Cannot determine whether the Land-Winds are there, as I have found them in my fmall Travels : tnerefors I ffiali only confine this particular Dif- courfe WB*' * 29 i ' r 1" I ^ y'i .,.^^iiii^ ,1: *i 30 Of Sea nnd Land- Breezes, courfc to thcfc ami orlier Places within my ownOsI fervations. 1 iliall Ix f?;iii firll wirls the IUhm^jJ Darirny there I have found the 1 'anJ-VVinclsin J middle of the Country blowing all Night, r^.ndJ ten or eleven a-Clock in the Morning, hefortlcoJ perceive the Sea-Breczc to arife, and iliac not dlf cernable many times, b»it by the Hying ot th^' Cloiidsl elpecially if I was in a Valley •, and it was inVi.JlJ that I did chiefly peiceive the I -and-winds, whjcf blew in fome Places oneway, in others conti-;iry,ol fide-ways to that according as the Vallicii hiy pcntuj between the Mountains ; and that without any rej, ped to either the North or the South-Seas, but J deed near either fide of the Land, they always ben] their Courfe towards the ncareft Sea, linlcfs thcrj v»^as any Hill between them and the Sea, r.nd theij they took their Courle along in the Vallics ; butfron both Shores, as well from the North as the SoutiiJ they blow right-forth into the Sea. In the iriand of Jamaica thcfe Land-winds i\% in the middle of the Country •, alfo I have fouii them {o^ as I travelled from one fide of the IlLind ^/^ the other, having lain two Nights by the way, d i had before cbferved them, when I liv'd at iixtein Miles walk, where I continued about fix Months; bur there and in other Iflands the Land-v/ind^ dfll blow towards the ncareft Shores, and fo from ilunccj ott to Sea, whether the Shores lie Eail, Wdl,| North or South. Thefe Winds blow off to Sea, a greater or Id^ Diftance, according as the Coaft lies more ork(sex-| pofed to the Sea-winds : For in fome Places weiina them brifk three or four Leagues off fliorc ; in oild Places not fo many Miles •, and in fome Placci> tr\\ fcarce peep without tjie Rocks, or if they do Ibnie-I times in very fair Weadier make a fally out a Mile or two, they are not lafting, but fuddenly vanifh awavJ Land-wind-- do 0/ Sea md Land Breezesi llioiigli yet there arc every Night as iVelli L,and- ,/iiid.s afliorc at thole Places as in any otlier Part of heWorki. Places moft remarkable for the fcvvefl: or fainted ,;ind-winds, aiv thofe that lie moll open to the Com- jmuii Trade-winds, as the Kall-cnds of any Idands where the Tradf-winds do blow in upon the Shore, (or the Head-Lands on Ifl.uvls or Coniinents that are open to the Sea-Breeze, Specially where the I'rade- wiiKlblov\s down fide-ways by tiie Coaft ; for there fiich Fk-ad-Lands as Uretch tarthefl out to Sea are inicrr'.xiHill'd to Winds from the Sea ; and have the Ids Benefit of the Land-Breczes. I iLall give a few Inilanees of cither. And firfl o[ all begin with the N. F. and S. E. Points of the lllind of Jamaica: Thefe Poi^r.s arc at the Eail end 0. L.u Ifland, one is at tlie very |^.\tremc of the Norrii-fu!e towards the La(l^ tlic other on the South Ixucmc towards the fame l^oint ; at thefe two Places we Icldom light of »i Land-wind •, nor very often itdic Lnd of the Iflanv! Ixtwcen them, except near the Shore. For tlui^t K'afon the Sloop-}/ien oi Jamaica th:iL Trade roui^ dIk* llland are commonly put to ti.ir Trumps,, when they com.c there in their \ayages: For if they meet no Land-wind, they are obliged to beat about by turning to Windward a- giiinil the Sea-Breeze in the Day time ; they then curie rhefe Poii\Ls of Land, nnd are fooliflily apt to bdie\ethat fonie Dcsinonhaimi^ there. And if they are two or three Days in beating about (as fomcdmes they are ) when they return to Port- Rojiil, thry will talk as much of ihtir Fatigues, as iltlKy had been beating a Month to double the Cape cj Good Hope J though indeed the Men are brifk enor.gh, and manage their Sloops very well i which ail(; ire generally very good Boats to fail on a Wind. Iinink they are the belt fmall Trading-Boats in the ^,,-: King's Dominions. 3X V' '}! Point ■-i I *' ; 'I'l 32 0/ *y^<« ^«rf Land-Breezes, Point Pt'^r<7 on the South-fitlc of the Ifland nnothcr very bad Point to double, if a ShipcJnn from the Wcft-cnd of the Ifland i This Point rim^ out fir into the Sea, and is not only dcllitute ol the Common Land-winds. But if then* is myl Current fetting to Leeward , here the Sloop-ir.ei meet it. Tlierefore they are many rimes tonm beating about ir, than about the two former PoiJ of the Suuth-Kaft and the North-Eal):, and notw out bellowing fome Curfes upon it. Nay foJ Captains of Privateers, when they have been beat ing about ir, have Itood c:K)fe into the Point, and fired th :ir Guns to kill the old Dcsmon that theyf^y inhabits there to diihirb poor Seamen. I havf re- lated thefc odd Paffagcs to fhcw how ignorant .\'b are that cannot fee the Reafon of it. And becaufe I am not willing to leave my Reader in the dark, 1 fhall give a few Inftances more on this Suhjc6l. The North-lide of Jucatan, at the Entrance inrothcBay of Ciwifrarbyy gives us anotlier Inftanre of hij Land-winds ; and commonly where the Likl- winds are fcanty, the Sea-Brcezcs are bur indifferent neither. This will partly appear by what I imve obfervcd of them on this Coait, between C^^/t'C/V;. uch, and Cape Condrccdo, at the P'.ntrancc of the /?;;/ of Catnpeachyy which two Places are about eighty Leagues diflant •, for there the Land trends EaftanJ| Weft. It is a ftrcight Coaft, and lies all of it equally expofed to the Trade-wind , which is commonly there at E. N. E. 'J'o the \V. of thefe Places the Sea and Land-winds do as duly fucceed each other, as on any other Coaft, but here they are each u\ [htni of a Baftard Kind , for the Sea-Breezes are at N. E. by E. which is no better than a Coiill T;Jl- wind, and the I4 ^ w^^ '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRICT •^EUSTH, N.Y. I4SM (716) •73-4503 'i \iv\ >. i Ih It ■ 'ii: 'I' F H f.J 'i l( < ^ 3? Of Sea and Land-Breezes, The briskeft Land-winds are commonly in dec! Bays, in great Lakes within Land, and among pre/ Ranges of fflands or fmall Keys that lye near th Shore : I Hiall give Inftances of all thefe. And for Bays, I fhall firft pitch on the Bay o^ Carnpeac^ which lies between Cape Condecedo and the Hisj Land of St. Martin \ between both thefe Places tj Land-winds are as brisk two or three Leagues off Sea^ as in any Place that I know. In the Codi Middle of the Bay, the Land trends from Eaft Weft, there the Sea-Breezes are at North, and tj Land-winds at South ; they commonly begin blow at feven or eight a Clock in the Evening, an continue till eight or nine the next Morning, in tj dry Sea/on efpecially. In that Bay there is an Ifland call'dby the EngUjh Beef- Ifland irom theMultitu^ of Bulls and Cows that inhabit it. The Smell thefe wild Cattle is driven off to Sea, by the LirJ winds fofrefh, that by it Mafters of Ships failing I the Night on this Coaft have known where th^ were, and have prefently anchored that Nighc, aJ come into the Ifland of Tri/? the next Day ; wlierl as they would otherwife have paft farther toti Wcftward quite out of their way, if they had nj fmcird the itrong Scent of thefe Cattle. So all the Bottom of the Bay of Mexico^ vti from the High- Land of St. Martin down loLm, Cn/z, and from thence Northerly towards the Ri\ Mtfdhifipi affords good Land-winds and Sea-breez^ The Bay of Honduras alfo, and almoft all the Coa between it and Cape La Vela, affords the like, allo^ ing for the Capes and Points of Land, whidi between j where it fails more or Icfs, as the PoinU^ lye more or lefs expofed to the Sea-Brcf^zcs. So in the South-Seas, the Bays ofPanamj, Giiiqiil Paita, &c. have their frefli Land-winds and Se breezes. But in fome Places, as particularly Paita, the Land-winds do not fpring up till twelj a Cloc Of Sea and Land-Bfeezes. Clock in the Night, but then are always very frcfn, and laft till feven or eight the next Morning ; unJ they are conftant all the Year long : Whereas I the Bay of Panama^' and alio in all the Bays and oafts of the other, or North- fide of ylnwica al- ady defcribcd, they are not fo conftant in the wet m as they are in the dry. The Bay of Campeachy will alfo afford us Inftan- lof the Land-winds that blow in Lagunes: As for iance, the Lagune of Tri/?, which is about nine or Itn Leagues long and three broad, is barricadoed omthe Sea by the Ifland of Trift. There the Land- ^ds blow in the dry Sea/on from five or fix a Clock the Evening, till nine or ten in the Morning. riiere are two other Lagunes lying within that, and arted from it by low Mangrove-Land : there the and-winds are frefher and the Sea-Breeze duller, of a lefs Continuance, than in the Lagune of \rl Nay, fometimes the Land-wind blows all t)av i fo in the Lagune of Maracabo to Windward Ufe Alta Vela, the Land-winds are very frefii i lading. The like may be faid of the Lagune of }ltmdla or Comana. Sometimes in thefore-mentionediL^^««^j, theLand- ^iiids do blow for three or four Days and Nights IDgether, fcarce fuffering the Sea-Breeze to breathe kre ', though at the fame time the Sea-Breeze may frclh out at Sea : and if the Sea-Breeze at fuch i Ihould make a bold Sally into thefe Lagunes^ [would be but of a fhort Continuance. On the o- lierHand at Capes and Head-Lands more expofcd iSea-Breezes, the Land winds are fliyer of coming w, than the Sea-winds are into Lagunes. Neither b we forget the Harbour of Jamaica^ for there re very good Land-winds. It is con^afied in on tfidc with a long Neck of Sand, and many fmall Ws at the Mouth of it, and within there is a C c c 2 pretty 35 ■^t /^i MW:. )i»; 'I; ': 1 VWii M I f'l Mii : ! mm (^ f 36 0/ S^^ and Land-Breezes. pretty deep Lake, in which are conftant Sea ano i.and-winds, by which the Wherry-men run with full fail, both to Legany or PaJJage Fort, from th^ Town and back again. They go away with the Sea Breeze, and return with the Land-wind. Therefor) Pafi'engcrs that have occafion to go either way, waj tor the coming of thcfc Winds, except their Burine] requires hafte : for then they are rowed againil thj Breeze i and tho' the Land-winds do ibmedmei, taj or come very late, yet the Wherries feldom llay be yond their conRant Hours of feven or eight a Cloci and fometimes the Land-winds do come by three four, but when they come fo early it is commonlj after a Tornado f iom the Land. Tliis may liiffic as to the Land-winds in Lakes or Bays. As to what may be fpoken concerning the Land winds among Iflands, I Ihall only mention two PI3 ces, both of ihem in the If^e ft 'Indies *, the firil aretli Kc\s oi' Cuba, which are Abundance of Imall Illanil bordering on the South-fide of Cuba, reaching length from Eaft ro Weil, or near thofc Pmiiisi the Ifland lies, about feventy Leagues •, and in foil Places reaching near twenty Leagues froni the fa| Ifland. Among thefe Iflands, even from the outej molt of them, quite home to Cuba, there arcvetf brisk Land-winds. They fpring up early in tli Evening, and blow late in the Morning. 1 he Ji viaica Turtlers vifit thefe Ke'js with good Succcfs tj Turtle all the Year lonir, and from thence bnif mod of their Turtle wherewith the Market oi n'j Royal is ferved. The other Iflands I fliall men! on are the Sambaioe Iflands betwi.^t C,;/V Sdnm and Goiden I/lvuU tlio' they are not fo lai{;c a Rani as the Kcs.s of Cuha^ yet do they afiord very go^ Land-winds ; near as good as the Ki'\s of Cvh' And thus mach for the Places where the bed asvv( as where the fcantieli: or faintefl: Land-winds Ion™ '«! t' iii ''^ Of Sea and Land- Breezes', found. I fliall next give fome Inllances of the Me- dium between both Extremes. I have already fhewn that Capes and fuch Head- Lands AS lye out fartheft from the reft of the Shore, are thereby moft expofed to the Sea-winds, and con- fquendy tlie Land-winds are there much fainter than in other Places, efpecially in deep Bays or Lagunes within Land, or among Iflands and fmall Keys near the Land : All which is no more than my own Experience has tauglit mc. I fhall now fhew how the Land-winds blow on Coafts that do lye more level. As all Coafts have their Points and Bendings, fo accordingly the Land-winds are frefti- er or fainter, as you come either towards thefe Bendings or towards intermitting Points or Head- Lands. I fliall give an Inftance of this by fliewing how the Winds are on the Coaft of Coraccos. It is as ftreight a Shore as I can pitch on, yet full of fmall Bays, di- vidpd from each other by a like number of Ridges of High-Land, that Ihoot forth their Heads a little way without the Bays on each fide. There in the Night or Morning, while the Land-wind blows, wo find frefli Gales out of the Bays : but when we conK* abreaft of the Head-Lands, we find it calm ; yet fee the Breeze curling on the Water on b*^*"^ fides of us, and fometimes get a Spurt of it to help us forward : and havinpr recovered the Wind out of the nextBav, we pafs by the Mouth of it prefently, till we come to the next Head ; and there we lye becalmed as before. Thefe Bays are not above half a Mile or a Mile wide ', neither are the Heads much wider ; but thefe Heads of the Ridges lying in between the Bays, have fteep Cliffs againft the Sea -, and where- ever I have met the like fteep Cliffs againft the Sea, I have feldom found any Land- Winds. But '!i ^.11 other Places where the Bays ftrike deeper in- t'^ ihe Land, there we find the Land-winds more C c c 3 laftin:;i; yr n ■ V, 'I y; f' : •:'jl 1 1 , J J .). , i ■'■ h , i l,i' ,M«;I , lii, r ' ilk!. i!f»?'i '3 8 Of Sea and Land-Breezes, lading and (Irong -, and where the Points are far- ther out, there are (till the lefs Land-winds, and the briflcer Sea-Breezes. For the Capes andfmaller Points on all Shores feeni to be fo many Barricadoes to break off the Violence of the Sea-Breezes ; for this we always find when wp arc turning to Wind- ward being to Leeward of a Cape, that the Breeze is moderate, efpecially if we keep very near the Shore ; but when once we come within a Mile, more or lefs of the Cape and (land off tp Sea, as loon as we get without it, we find fuch a huffing Breeze, that fometimes wc are not able to ply againlt it, but in the Night we find a frefh Land-wind to Lee- ward ; tho' when we come to the Cape we find it calm -, or perhaps fometimes meet with a Sea-wind. The Land-Breezes on the Coaft of Guinea between Caye ^i, Anns and Cape Palmas^ (mentioned in the fe- cond Chapter of this Difcourfe,) are at E, blowing brisk four Leagues off Shore : the Sea-winds tiiere are at S. W. The Land-winds on the Coaft of Anio- la are at E. N. E. the Sea-winds at W. S, W. thefe are very true Winds of both kinds. The Land-winds en the Coaft of Peru and Mex- ico in the South-Seas, arc in moft Places right off from the Shore, elfe the Fillier-men could never go out to Sea, as they do, on Bark-Loggs. And as the Land-winds are true there, fo are the Sea-Breezes alfo •, for with the Land-wind they go out to fifli, and return in again with the Sea-winds. In fonie Places they ufe Seals-Skins inftead of Bark-Loggs i they are made fo tight that no Bladder is tighter. To thefe they have long Necks like the Neck ot a Bladder, into which they put a Pipe and blow them up, as we do Bladders ; two of thefe being fiilned together, a Man fets a-ftride them, having one be- fore and the other behind him ; and fo fits firmer %hm in a Trooper's Saddle, His Paddle is like a Qriarter- Of Sea and Land-Breezes, iQuarter-ftair, with a broad Blade at each end ; Iwith this he ftrikes the Sea back, firll on one fide, Ld then on the other, with each end of his Pad' . Idle, and fo gives himlelf frefli way through the IWater. In the Eaft-Indies alfo there are true Sea Breezes, liswellon the Iflands, as on the Main. On Iflands, L at Ban! am in the Ifland Jaya^ and at jdchin in Itlie Ifland Sumatra, and in many Places on the IQand piJ^?;w(? : And on the Main alfo, as particularly a« \hrt Si. George on the Coaft Coromandel, There the |Land-winds blow right off from the Shore, and the eawinds right in i but fometimes they come flant- ling in J and about Chrljlmas they blow from the In, E. or N. N. E. I found them fo when I came on Jllic Coall, and being advifed of it by Mr. Coventry, jiiiwhofe Sloop I then was, I fell in with the Land p or twelve Leagues to the Northward of the iForr, and had a brisk Northerly Sea-wind to bring pe into the Road. I think thefe Inflances are enough to fhew how fele Land-winds do ufually blow in moft parts of p World •, fliould I be very particular, 'tis not a jlargtT Trcatife then I intend this to be, would hold |aqi:artcr-part of it. But I have been more particu- lar in t\iQ IFeJt' Indies and Scutb-Seas, becaufe thefe lland-winds are ot more ufe there than in the Eaft^ \Im: For though fometimes Men in the Eaft-Li^ pdo turn againll the Mor.foons, yet they do ge- prally tarry for them before they budge. Indeed thefe Winds arc an extraordinary Blelllng Itothofe that ufe the Sea in any part of the Wqrld, phin the Tropicks •, for as the conftant Trade- Nds do blow, there could be no failing in thefe pas; But by the Help of the Sea and Land- IBreezes, Ships will fail 2 or 300 Leagues •, as Ipsmtularly from J(?^//rf;V.^, to the Laguue ot' Trifl, in C c c 4 thf 39 rn » .«;■ I ■m tr ^''i ' til ' '^n ''IB. hU 5 ! 40 Of Sea and Land- Breezes, the Bay of Campcach^ ; and then back again, all a- gaiiiil the Trade-wind •, And I think this is oncofl the longell Voyages that is ufed of this kind. IF any] of o\.\v'JainaicaS\oo^^ do go to Triji^ anddcTuTnto carry their Wood to Curj/ao, then they put through the GuJph of FloriiU. The SNinlards alio that come from any part of tl.e Bay of Mexico^ and arc bound to any Place to Windward of the Ifland Citha., are wont to put through the Giilph, and fo ftretch away to thcl Norchw.ird, till they come clear of the Trade, and] then lland away as flir as they pleafe to the luift- ward i This is alfo the ufual way from Jama:ca\(\\ Rarhadors^ though fometimes they turn up by thel Czyihhc Ill.inds, only taking the Benefit of thcfeSca] and Tancl-winds. So alfo Ships may and do pafs ircinPoriulYH) to Carthagena^ or to Si. Martha^ q^^A :;ny other Place, by the help of thefe Breezes, itdie <::ifl::nce i? not too far. So by taking the Advantage of thcfc Winds, Sloops in the lyeJt-Jndies fail cLr round t\-\c Ifland.', cr to any part of them, in i| £icrt time. h-\ the SoitthSea!: alfo the Sramanh in their Voy: ges from PaKania to Z.'.v;^, by takinc; the Adv.int;ige| rif thefc! Winds, do fail as high as Cape Blanco; but la all their Voyages to the Southward of that Capr,[ they ftand quite off to Sea into the Trade. ThusI you fee the Ufe and Advantage of them. The Seamen that fail in Sloops or other fmall Vd- hds in the IVefi-Indies, do know very well whcnl they fliall meet a brisk Land-wind, by the rogsj that hang over the Land before Night i for it isaj cf:rt;iin fign of a good Land-wind, to ic^ a tliiciil Vo\i Ive Hill and quiet, like Smoak over the L.inu, not fiirring any way ; and we look out Icr rjcaj Signs when we are plying to Windward, for it] we lee )mj Fog over the Land, the Land-wind ^vli *)e but tuii/i. and Ihort rlnit Ni-zjit. I'helc Signs ars| Of Sea and Land Breezes. I to Ic obfcrved chiefly in fair Weather : form the wee Scafon Fogs do hang over the Land all the Day, and it may be neither Land-wind nor Sca-Breeze (lir- Irincr. If in the Aficrnoon alio in fair Weather, we lie a Tornado over tlie Land, it commonly fends us forth a frefli Land-wind. Thefe Land-winds are very cold, and though the &a-Brce/es are always much ftrongtr, yet thcfe are colder by far. The Sea-Brcc7,cs indeed are very conitortable and refrefliing -, for the hottell Time in ail the Day is about nine, ten or eleven a Clock in the Morning, in the Interval between both Breezes: For ihcn it is commonly calm, and then People pant for Breath, efpecial'v if it is late before the !;ea-Breeze comes, but aftci 'ards the Breeze allays the Heat. However, in the Evening again after th'j Sca-Breeze is fpenc, it is very hot till the Land- wind fprings up, which is fometimes not till twelve I Clock or after. For tiiis Reafon Men when they go to Bed un- fiouh themfelves and lye without any thmg over tliem : Nay, the ordinary fort of People iprcad MdCs at their Doors, or elfe in their Yards, in Ja- m:cii, aixl lye down tofleep in the open Air. la the EaU- Indies at Fori St. Gc'oixr. alfo Men itke their Cotts or little Field-Beds, and put tlvein ir.to tiie Yards, and go to deep in the Air : And b'Tien aboard Sliips in thefe hot Countries lye on the Deck, till the 1 ,aiid-wind comes. The Inhabitants of Jamaica or Fori: St. George^ have lomevvhat to cover themfelves when the Land- vind conies, b-fide a Pillow on their Br'!nit, or be- tween their Arms. Bat Seamen who have wroughr li^rd all Day lye naked and expofed to the Air. it may be all Night long, before they awake, witli- 0'.!C ;;ny Covering, efpecialiV if they have had their Dole of Punch. But next Morning they are fcaics able 41 ■ j; "^i Of Sea and Land-Breezes. able to budge, being ftifF with cold that bringii thcin to Fluxes, and that to their Jravesi and this is the Fate of many ftout and brave Seamen : and it is a great Pity that Mafters of Ships have fo little Regard for their Men, as not by fome good Orders, to prohibit this dangerous Cuftom of lyinij abroad and naked in the Nights. mm ■'■A .\\i{'A C HAP. CHAP. V. ^iUndwinds and Sea-Breezes, peculiar to fome Coafts at fome f articular Seafons of the Jfrnr ; as alfo of fome fVinds that produce }mge Effe6fs. l\the Summafenta- Winds in the Bay of Cam- ' peachy. Of the Winds peculiar to the Coafts cf Carthagena. PVtnds on the Mexican to'^fls, call'd Popogaios. Others on the Coaft of Coromandcl, caltd Tcrrenos ; The fame akut Malabar, but at a different Seafon: As filfo in the Perfian Gulph. And of the Hcr- nutans on the Coaft of Guinea. '5hall begin with the Summafenta-tVlndSy as they ' are called, which blow in the Bay of Campeacby. Mi are Winds that come in the Months of fe'7/f?ry, March and April, and they blow only in jiat Bay between the High-Land of St. Martin and r^Smdececlo ; which Places are about 120 Leagues [under. They are, properly fpeaking, neither Sea- Ireezes nor true Land-winds, yet in Refpedt of leir blowing in fome Meafure from the Shore, they kin that fomewhat of kin to the Land-winds. [Iiefe Winds are commonly at E. S. E. in the Cod or Mdle of the Bay where the Land lies E. and W. "tl the true Land-winds there are at S. S. E. but [om thence towards Cape Condecedo, the Land trends »iy N. E. and N. N. E. and N. So that they ht- »"ne Land-winds there refpedting the Land from fiience they blow ; but then they differ both from and Land-Breezes in Refpedt to their Duration : Y^kk Summafenta-JVinds blow three or four Days, fonietimes 4J 1 :• ^ iii !;' t •irl m III ^B VBU« * 1 i IW ^B ■ bBIe it I'HIIICiS 11 44 Of IVinds peculiar to Jome Coajls^ &c. fomctimes a Week, boih Night and Day before th ccafc. They are comi.ionly dry Winds and blowi ry frcdi, and Ships thac go from TV/// with Logwo at the Time when thcfc Winds blow, will be at Cij 'Condecedo in three or frtur Days ; whereas if thcyi at any other Time, it will take up eight or ten Daj tho* feldom more than that : ror here are gc Land-winds and Sca-Breezcs at other tim(.s. Thelc Winds are commonly colder than the winds, though not fo cold as the Land-winds, ftrongcr than either. I never could perceive ij thcfe Winds did make any Alteration on our Be different from other Winds, But the Tides wn thcfe Winds blow on that Coaft, are very fmali pccially in the Lagunes of I'riji : fo that the Lc wood-iBarks that bring the Wood aboard of Ships, arc then forced to lye ftill for want of Wa to float them over fome Flats in the Lagunes. On the Coafl: of Cartbagcna there are a pcciilj fort of Winds that blow in the Months of A^ml, ^ and Jurtefo very fierce, that Ships are not ahle to[ to Windward on that Coafl while thtfe Winds la Thefe Winds blow about forty or fifty LLagur) Windward of Carthagena Town, and about trnl Leeward of it. They are very fierce from the Mj die of the Channel between it and Hifpanda^ fo continue almofl: to the Coaft of Cartlmgtvui. 11 they are fometimes a little fainter within two ordiil Leagues of the Shore, efpecially Mornini^s ^1 Evenings. They commonly rife in the Morning fore Day, fometimes at 3 or 4 a Clock, andl continue till 9, 10 or 11 at Night, and thus t'r will blow 10 or ti Days together very fiercely. this Time the Land-winds befides their fhort Con nuance are very faint and blow but a little way Shore : So that from 10 or 11 at Night till 3 in Morning 'tis quite calm and not one Breath! Wind from a League diftant off the Shore , t!)Ol mnV Of JVmds peculiar to fomc Coafts, &cJ 4 further off youMI Find the Brcr/c, aiul ncnrcr a Land-v/ind. ThcCc Winds arc at V.. N. \\. as ic common Tr.idc is j whcrcus liic SLU-Brcezcs .irc rN.E. by N.or N. N. 1'.. While thcfc fierce Winds (lay, the Sky is com- inonly clear without any Cloud to be Icen \ iho' liioubtlel's 'tis imperceptibly hazy, lor then the Sun does not give a true black Shade on the Ground, buc ytrvtiiinl and dusky. The Morizon too looks very ksky, thick and hazy, and v/lule the Sun is near the Hori/.on, either in the Morning!, or Kvcning, it looks very fd. Sometimes, tho' but leUlom, when ihefe fcls blow the Sky is over-caft with Imall Clouds, which atlord Ibme diizhng fmall Rain. But though tklc Winds are lb fi'v-rcc on the Co.ill ot (.lnrlb(iiie' M, yet both to Windward and to i.eeward at the diftances before-mentioned, the Breezes blow mo- derate as at other 'limes. For the Sea and Land- winds do there keep their conltant and regular Courfes. Neither are the Coafts of Uifpan'iola or ]miii:a troubled with thefc fierce Winds, any near- trthan half Channel over as was fliid before. It has not been my Fortune to have been on this Coall when thefe Winds have blown, yet I have had the Relation of it fo often, and from fo many Perfons, t'liac I am very well iatisficd of the Truth of it : Nay, it is fo generally known among the 7^;«rii:\'Z Seamen and Privateers that they call a 'lalkaiivc Pc--fon in De- rifion, a Cartba^^dHd-Brcrz^. I remember tw-o or three Men that went by that Name, and I knew them by no other, rho' I was in the fame Ship with them fc- veral Montlis. Some of our Rn^'ij}) Frigots that have been fent to )mma have experienced thcfe Breezes when the Govern Dui has fenc them upon Bufinefs to th.at Coall : For plying between Pornucllo andCnribagejid, when tficyhave been within lo Leagues of 6'^;7/j^^i';/(Y, they iw^c mcr wii!\ the Sea- Breeze fu ilrong that they have 4r il: mi fin .''I A : "1 ■ '46 0/ fTinds peculiar to fame Coafis, 5cc. have been forced to rifF their Topfail, which even then they could not mdntain, but havv been oblicrei to furl it quite up ; and fo with only their lowej Sails, which fometimes they have been forced to riti too, have been beating eight or ten Days, to get on^ ly fo many Leagues ; which tho* at lall they have done, yet has it been with much Trouble, and noil without Damage to their Sails and Rigging. Neither can I forget a Squadron of French Frigots, command] ed by the Count de EJlrees^ that came to Jamam\ and demanded leave of the Governour to wood and water there *, which becaufe it feemed ftrangc that they fliould want in coming only from ?iu\ Guavas -, it was demanded of them why tiiey came from thence fc ill provided ? They faid they went from Petit Guavas over to the Coaft of Cartha^enn with a Defign to have plyed to Wind-warH undei that Shore, but met the Breezes fo hard on ihe CoallJ that they were not able to hold up their fides againll it, and for that Reafon flood back again towards Petit Guavas •, but not being able to fetch it, there-l fore they came to wood and v/ater at Jamaica^ de-j figning to go from thence thro' the Gulph : And tho' the Pilots of Jamaica did all conclude that the Breeze-time was paft by more than a Month, yet the Governour gave them leave to wood and water aC Blewfields Bay^ and fent one Mr. Stone to be their Pilot thither. This was in 1 679 and in one of our Sum- mer Months, but I can'r tell which, tho' I was there.l In the South-Seas on the Mexican Coaft, betweenj Cape Bianco in the Lat. of 9 D. 56 M. North andj Reakja, in Lat. 1 1 North, which two Places are a-j bout 80 Leagues Diftance, there are Winds which! blow only in the Months oi'May, June, and7«/3',call'dj by the Spaniards Popogaios. They blow Night andl Day without Intcrmiffion, fometimes 3 or 4 Days orl a Week together. They are very brisk Winds, butj not violent : I have been in one of them when we wen!! •isiinvA? Of Winds peculiar to fome CoaftSy &c.' jent from Caldera Bay, bound to Reakja mentioned my Voyage round the World, Chap, 5. Pag. jiS!. which blew at North. In the Eajl-Indies on the Coafl: of Coroj?iandel^ there U Winds caird by the Portuguefe Terenos^ becaufe Lyblow from the Land. Thefe are not thofe Lnd-Winds that I have already treated of i for [iiefe blow only in June, Jul) and Augujl, and are in feveral refpedls quite contrary to them. For where- ithe true Land-Winds blow only in the Night, in- Icluding Evenings and Mornings ; on the contrary, liefe blow 3 or 4 Days without intermiffion ; nay lometimes a Week or i o Days together : and as the tue Nodurnal Land- Winds are very cold, on the Jtontrary thefe are the hotteft of all Winds I ever (kaid of: They come with hot Blooms, fuch as I lave mentioned in my Voyage round the World, [hap. 20. Pag. 530. Thefe Winds are at Weft, and hey blow only in the Months of June, July and Au^ [iif, which is the Weft MoufoGn-Seafon, tho' the proper Monfoon then on this Coaft is S. W. When Jthefe hot Winds come, the better fort of People at JFort St. Gfor^f keep clofe : They alfo Ihut up their [Windows and Doors to keep them out ; and I have jbrd Gentlemen that lived there fiiy, that when they jbcbeen thus fhut up within Doors, they have been Ifenfiblc when the Wind fliifted by the Change they jbve felt in their Bodies. And notwithftanding thefe Winds are fo hot, yet the Inhabitants Idon't fweat while they laft, for their Skins are prdand rough, as if they had been parched by ItlieFire, efp.cially their Faces and Hands, yet does pot make n.cm fick. The Sands which are raifed h thefe Winds are a great annoyance to thofe pbfe bufinefs lyes abroad, and who can*t keep pir Houfes. For many times rhey wheel about |jitl raife the Sands fo thick, that it flies like P'^'ik in Peoples Eyes ; and the Ships alfo that 47 •"!■ ' ' I ' i %, «•«:. I . ' I' km f.; :||: r'l^; BM H I' I Mm t I'^i 'M' l*f 4S 0/ Pf^inds peculiar to fame Coafts, &c. that lye in the road at that time have their Dccki covered with this Sand. On the Coaft of Malabar they have of thcfc fortj of Winds alfo, but not at the fame time of thJ Year. For as thefe on the Coaft of Coroimn-A blow in the Months of June, July and Aiiiuf\ when the Weft Mofjfoon reigns -, on the contrary on the Malabar Coaft they blow in the Monthj of December, Jan ir'j and February, when the tad or North-Eaft Monfoon blows : for then th( Eafterly Wind, which is then the true Monj'/A fromes from over the Land of this Coaft This being the Weft- fide, as the Coaft of O^rii mandel is the Eaft-fidc of this long Eafl-ldu\ Promontory. The Perfian Gulph is as remarkable for the(| hot Winds as citlier of the former •, they comj there in the Months of June, July and Ai'iuj^- the Weft Monfoon time ; and tlie heat there bj all Accounts does by lar exceed that on the othej two Coafts. The European Merchants that arc imployed id the Ports within the King of Perfia\ Domini! ons, do leave their Coaft, Habitations and ?i'M nefs there, during thefe hot Months, and fpcndthcij time at Ifpahan till the Air is more agreeable tf their Bodies -, but their Servants muft in lurj it. And if any Ships are there, then the Scairi^i alfo muft do as well as they can. *Tis rcportej the Commar^ders do keep Bathing-Trough) h. of Water to lye and wallow in, and hide theij Bodies from the noifom hot Bloonr^. I ^va never in any of thefe hot Winds, lor I ^^^ from Port St. George before they came on wl Coaft. OJ of Winds peculiar to fame Coafit, On the 'Coaft of Guinea there are a particular ,rc of Land-winds, which are very remarkable ; jorfor their Heat, as thofe Jaft-mentioned, but for ihiir exceeding Cold and fearcliing Nature. They ire called Uarmatans, I have had an Account of lem from feveral who have traded to Guinea ; but lOrc efpccially from a very fenfible and experienced lendeman, Mr. Greenbill^ Commiffioner of His ijefty*s Navy at Portfmoulh ; who upon my Re- \id, was pleafed to fend me the following Ac- ount : which the Reader cannot have better than jhisown Words. Where, together with the Har" u'M, he gives an Account alfo of all the Winds in chat Coalt. Mr. G R E E N H I L Ls Lcttcr. IR, Have been very ill fince my return Home vAth the Gmt i fo that I have not been capable of anfwer^ \ )our Expeltation : But beir.g a little better reco- md, I jhall make as gocd a Return to your Enquiry Ifj ihtf Harniatans on the Coajl of Guinea, as my pnumjlana's will permit, '^the ufual '^lime of their mng is bdtiv.'en the latter part of December, and \k beginning of February ; before and beyond which 'ifjnSy they never exceed. 'They are of fo very Wi, /harp and piercing a Nature^ that the Seams i( the Floors of our Chambers and the Sides and hb of our Ships (as far as they are above fVater) hiill open fo wide^ as that with Facility you may put \i Zaulkiyig-Iron a confiderable way into them j itt mkb Condition they continue fo long as the Harnia- Itan blows^ ( which is fomctimes two or three, and htr'j rarely five Days, which is the very utmofl I ever Wsrved or h^ard of) and when they are gone, they W^ again and are as tight as if it never had been^ y^t Natives * the?fifelves and all Per funs who inhabit Vol. IL " D dd thofi 49 I ^- i!' ^1 1- n. ■.. !! „ i ■ -I' 'If.' r* 1 ^50 0/ fTfnds peculiar to fonte Coajls, &c. tbofe parts (during thatjhort Seafon) to prevent tht\ pernicious Effe5i5^ are obliged to confine themfdvi within Doors \ where they endeavour their own 1 curity , by rendering their Habitations as cloj'e uV impenetrable as pojjible : Neither will they once jl] abroad, unlefs induced thereto by a more than om nary Occafion. It is as dejlru5live to the Cattle am whoje fafe Guard confijls in their Proprietors Carl who againft this Seafon ought to provide fome hi like place for them : Otherwife they mufl expeH h^ a pitiful Account when the \Seafon is over •, fur mofi certainly dejlroys them, and that in a vcrj jhd time, This I accidentally experimented by expnfnig a cm\ of Goats to the Afperity thereof-, which in four Um Space or thereabouts, were deprived of Life, AJ we our felves ( iiriLfs affifled by the like Cfjirjmm and the benefit of fome fweet Oyls to correct the Ai\ cannot fetch our Breath Jo feely as at other timm but are almojl fuffocatcd with too frequent an .Acid Refpirations. They generally blow betv:cen tl £. and E. N, E. to the Northward of which tbit never exceed, being the niofl fettled and ftc^dj [h!\ frefh) Gales I ever ohfervcd •, co?ning without Thuiih Lightning or Rain\ but clofe gloomy IVeathcr; l^\ Sun not fhining all the time : And when thc^ extiii the Trade-wind (which conflantly blows on thai Cm| atW.S,W. andS.W.) returns with the accuflmiir\ feafonablenefs of IVeather, The Coaft of Africa from Cape Palmas to CipJ Formofa, lies E. and E. by N. and near thryfe Poinli the Land Breezes blow on that Coaft, which commonly begin about feven in the Evening.^ and conimue m Niiht, till near that time the next Mornini: BuriH which interval, we are troubled with jVnikini rm and Mifls off Shore, which by renirri of the M Breezes upon the oppofite Points are all driven aii-'^^J ' prevent tha ''"^ _ themfeivi their own fis cloj'e ihey once ^^ \^re than on f! Cattle (ilfo frieton Cm vide fome fu^ ^ft expeB h over ; fur in averjfic^ ^poftng a mt\ Jy in four Hour of Lfe. Nai Uike ConvcnmX \orrcot the Ai\ at other tims frequmt ni \ow betivem tl of zubich th([ and flcdd] '}n\ vitbottt Thunh y Weather \ th hen the^ expin vs on that Coaj the accujlbimw i'almas to Qpd 'ar thofe Polnli ivbich commonly ir.d continue (il\ [ornii,[7. •' Dami 'j Jliuking fd Tfi of the Scfi^ I driven (iKflj Of Winds peculiar to fome Coafts, m have the benefit of them, in a curious frejh \\i^ till about 5 in the Afternoon » jind here let me note it for a general Obfervation^ i in thefe and all other Places within the Tropich iijaras ever I took Notice ) the Wind is drawn by the For if an Jfland or Head-Land, were indi- w /(? a circular Form, the Sea and Land-Breezes fall iimetrically ^oppofite to that part where you are. that if you are on the Soiith-fide, the Sea-Breeze nil be at South, and the Land-Breeze (when it comes !/i Seafon) at North. h letting on the Coaft, we indeavour to fall in with !ape Mount or Cape Miferada, which is about 1 8 <4ouss to the E. S. Eafiward thereof', and after that double Cape Pal mas {whence as aforejaid, the d trends away E. by N.) the Current near the Jhore ii upcft that Point down into the Bite. But in get- wg of^ we as much attempt (if poffible) to lay hold of It, Thomas •, and thence to run to the Southward of fLine, perhaps 3 or \ Degrees -, for the further Sou- ^trlyjoego, the fir onger we find the Gales, and more 'njcml for getting off the African Coaft ; but thofe h keep to the Northivard thereof, generally meet more Calms ; and confequently longer Voyages In or about thofe Latitudes we continue, till f ure got between 25 and 30 Degrees to the Weft' 'id of Cape Lopez de Gonfalvo, and then we again to go either for England or the Weft- lies- But by the way let me obferve to you, that 'in once we are to the Weftward of the faid Cape, 'd in South Latitude, the Current fets Northerly, m the Wind to 20 Degrees of Latitude, is at E. .£. as {to the like number of Degrees) on the ^'^rth-fide of the Line it blows at E. N, E. Nei^ ^^('f did J ever obferve' any Mutation of the Cur- f'':-', unlefs in the Tornado-Seafon, when during Wtr blowing , they commonly fet to Wind-ward ', w' perhfips the Moon upon Full and Change, may D d d 2 have Si wh I ' • '!' t I I ' 1 I f< If tl ,'.' i l^lJfi' 1'' f i 1 &ii/» iv^':,-' ' '1 11'; ml ii Sv ; ^'l'. ;■?>, !■ ^^^^1^. *»lill;;'i:! i i»i r *•? I'. 1 1! '51 0/ Winds peculiar to fome Qoafts, 3cc. ib^w the like Influence there, as in other Places •, but never took any particular notice thereof. ^he faid Tornadoes ufually come in the Bcgimni of April, and feldom relinquijh the Gold Coaft tlllU ly commences^ and with frequent Vifits make us fM ! of their Qualities. IVe have fometifnes three or /4 in a day \ but then their Continuance is but Jhon\ perhaps not above two Hours , and the Strength 0] Fury ( it may be ) about a quarter or half an Hour \ but accompanied with prodigious Thunder, Lightnk and Rain ; and the Violence of the Wind fo extnior{ dinary, as that it has fometimes rolled up the ha wherewith the Houfes are covered, as clofi and con pa^lyy as poffible it could be done by the Art of Mm '■The Name implies a Variety of Winds: But tl\ Strength of them is generally at S, E. and by Sti^ that are bound off the Coajl^ they are made uje to get to Windward. I /hall conclude with that moft worthy Ohfermim of the Seafon wherein the Raifis begin *, which on th Gold Coaft is about the lOth of April and this mai he generally remarked, from i^ d, N. to i^ d, Sout\ Latitude^ that they follow the Sun within ^ or 6^ And fo proceed with him till }>e has touched i\ Tropick, and returns to the like Station again. Tii)^ / Jhall iliuftrate by the following Example, viz. Cap Corfo Cajlle lies in 4 i. ^^ North. About the icJ of April the Sun has near 1 2 degrees N. ^edmitiof At that Time the Rains begin, and continue with il Inhabitants of that Place, untill he has performed /^ Courfe to the greateft Obliquity from off the Equatat and returned to the like Pofitio:: '^outh. The fme fuppofe may be obferved, and unf M^ ■"■■■ ' I !l j I r I ii t; n' j 4 Of Winds peculiar to fome Coafls, ^c. Anfwcrs to the Queries. 1 . ^e common Trade- Winds on the Coafi of ^j ?ola, blow from the S, IV, to Souths till about \i\ \ong.from the Meridian of the IJle of Lundy. 2. / have found them always in the fame ^luartt\ and not fubje5l tofhift in all the Time t have ujed ij Coaftj except that at a fmall Dijiance of the Sk they are fometimes a Point more to the Weftward. 3. The Dry Seafon on this Coafi I obferved to from the latter end of April to September •, tbo' jm times intermixed with fome pleafant Showers of Rul J cannot be fo punctual as to the Time of tk W Seafons. ■r 4. The true Sca-Brceze / have commonly found Id to be from IV. S. PV. to IV, by S. if it be fair Wmh\ and the Land-Breeze is at E. by iV. But if a Torn do happens^ it caufes the Winds to fhift all round Compafsy and at lajl it fettles at S. fV, which is tkf^ met true Trade-Wind. .1 f '< I am yours John Coim. r:)r '. ■ ^■^ 'J^ *•' *v CHA ;, fas I faid before) lye under a Fore-fail and iMizen: But this mull needs be an extraordinary Itrain to a Ship, efpecially if flie be long. Indeed lere is this Convenience in it, when they are minded '0 put away before it, 'tis but hailing up the Mizen, id the Fore-fail veers the Ship prefently : and I Jge it is for that Reafon they do it. For when Itlie Wind comes on fo fierce that they can no longer on a Wind, they put right afore it, and fo continue till the Storm ceafeth, or the Land cakes 11 up {i. e, till they are run a-fhorej I knew two llmiarch did fo, while I was in the Bay. One was a King's Ship, called the Pifeadorr. Sherunalhore on a Tandy Bay, a Mile to the Weftward of the Ri- ver To/'^/y?. The other was come within four or five Leagues of the Shore, and the Storm ceafing, Ihe ricaped Shipwreck, but was taken by Captain Hewet^ Commander of a Privateer, who was then in the Bay. Her Main-maft and Mizen were cut down in tlie Storm. Both thefe Ships came from La Vera fe, and were in the North-fide of the Bay v/hen firit the Storms took them. And tho' we don't ufe fc Method, yet we find means to wear our Ships as *'el! as they -, for if after the Mizen is liaii'J up and 6i r ' ! \l |i ■ : I i i lie- : III' .*.•' •ii': *'^ . . 64. Of Storms^^ and furled, if then the Ship will not wear, we mufi do it with fome Head-fail, which yet fonutimesput us to our Shifts. As I was once in a very violen Storm, failing from t^irginia^ meniioned in my VqA age round the IVorld, we fcudded before the Wy and Sea fome time, with only our bare Poles ; and till Ship by the Millake of him that con*d, brochcdtool and lay in the Trough of the Sea ; which then weni fo high that every Wave threatned to overwhelm us And indeed if any one of them had broke in upoi our Deck, it might have foundred us. The Malterl whofe Fault this was, rav'd like a mad Man, and call) ed for an Axe to cut the Mizen Shrouds, and turn thj Mizen Mafl over Board : which indeed might hav been an Expedient to bring her to her Courfe agair Capt. Davis was then Quarter-mafter, and a moreexl perienced Seaman than the Matter. He bid him hold his Hand a little, in hopes to bring her fome othej way to her Courfe : The Captain alfo was of hii Mind. Now our Main-yard and Fore-yard wer^ lowered down a Port laft, as we call it, that is, down pretty nigh the Deck, and the Wind blew fo fierc^ that we did not dare to loofeany Head-fail, for thejl muft have blown away if we had, neither could all the Men in the Ship have furled them again ; there] fore we had no hopes of doing it that way. I wai at this time on the Deck with fome others of ouj Men 1 and among the reft one Mr. John Smallhrnti who was the main Inftrumenc at that Time oj faving us all. Come ! faid he to me, let us go little way up the Fore-fhrouds, it may be that ma| make the Ship wear *, for I have been doing itbefor^ now. He never tarried for an Anfwcr, but runtor-j ward prefently, and I followed him. We went ^ the Shrouds Half-maft up, and there we fpread abroad the Flaps of our Coats, and prefently the Ship wore. I think we did not flay there above three Minutes before we gain*d our Point and came ^owr agaiai k- Of Storms, Min, but in thig time the Wind was got into our (Iain-fail» and had blown it loofe ; and the' the ^;iin-v:ird was down a Port-Iaft and our Men were lot on the Yard as many as could lye one by ano- jier, befides the Deck full of Men, and all ftriving furl that Sail, yet could we not do ir, but were treed to cut it all along by the Head-rope, and lb let it f^n down on the Deck. Having largely treated of Norths, I fljall next tive fome Account of Souths. South Winds are alfo very violent Winds. I ave not heard any thing of thefe forts of Storms, lut at Jamaica or by Jamaica Sailors. The Time rhen they blow at Jamaica is about Junc^ July or (li/^ft/, Months that Norths never blow in. The treateft Strefs of Wind in thefe Storms is at South, jrom whence it*s probable they are named Souths, what they diuer from the Hurricanes that rage nong the Caribbce IJlands, I know not, unlefs in [bis, that they are more conftant to one Point of kCompafs, or that they come fooner in the Year ^^I'n Hurricanes do, but thofe Storms aaVd Hurri- had never been known at Jamaica when I m there. Yet fmce I have heard that they have [cltthe Fury of them fevcral Times. But I was at uka when there happened a violent South. It nide great Havock in the Woods •, and blew down nany great Trees •, but there was no great Damage le by it. Pori Royal was in great Danger then of ong waflied away, for the Sea made a Breach clear kbugh the Town •, and if the Violence of Wea- llier had continued but a few Hours longer, many pfthe Houfes had been waflied away : For the Point ffLand on which that Town Hands, is Sand •, which pgan to wafh away apace : but the Storm ceafing, jtiiere v/.is no further Damage. This \v:is in July or p«//in the Year 1674. V L. II. Fee I WAS 6$ ii im] J 'f m ¥ <■! n< I i •"r''^' „>.ii K'-' (^ ' \l\-^ 66 Of Storms. I was after wards in the Bay of Cam peachy, when we held a much more violent Storm than this, called ahb by the Logwood-Cutters a South, h happened fome time in June 1676. I was then cutting Logwood in the "Weftprii Creek of the Weft Lagune. Two days before m Storm began, the Wind whiffled about to the South| and back again to the Ealt, and blew very faintlj The Weather alfo was very fair, and the Mr,Hj\ IVar-Birds came hovering over the Land' in mziii Numbers; which is very unufual for them tod This made fome of our Logwood -Cutters fay, thj we fliould have fome Ships come hither in a ftoi| Time ; for they believed it was a certain Token 1 the Arrival of Ships, when thefe Birds came thus he vcring over the Land. And fome of them faid the! had lived at Barbadoes, where it was generally take Notice of: and that as many of thefe Birds as thej faw hovering over the Town, fo many Ships the| were coming thither. And according to that Ruj they foolilhly guefs'd that here were a great man Ships coming hither at that Time ; tho' 'tis ir poflible that they could imagine there could be th hundredth parr of the Ships arrive, that theyfaj Birds fly over their Heads. But that which I di^ moft admire was, to fee the Water keep ebbing f(j two Days together, without any Flood, till til Creek, where we lived, was almoft dry. Therewi commonly at low Water feven or eight Foot Watefl but now not above ^, even in the middle of the Creel About 4 a Clock the 2d Day after this unufuj Ebb, the Sky looked very black, and the Wiif fprung up frefh at S. E. and increafing. In k than two Hours time it blew clown allourHuC , but one •, and tlnu with much Labour we proj up with Pofl-.s , and with Ropes call ovit t| Ridge, and faitning borh ends to flumps ot Ticej we fecured tlie Roof fiom IKino- uwaw In Hvinp; away Of Storms, le huddled all together till the Storm ceafcd. Ic ined very hard the greatefl: part of the Storm, and bout two Hours after the Wind firft fprang up, the "atcrs flowed very fad in. The next Morning it as as high as the Banks of the Creek : which wa.s igher than I had ever 'ittn it before. The Flood ftill increafcd, and run fader up the reek than ever I faw it do in the greatcfi Spring- ide ; which was fomewhat ftrangc, becaufe the ind was at South, which is right off the Shore on ;his Coaft. Neither did the Rain any thing abati% ndby ten a Clock in the Morning the Banks of the reek were all overflown. About twelve at Noon we fought our Canoa to the fide of our Hut, and ftned it to the Srump of a Tree that flood by it ; t being the only Refuge that we could now eX' ft; for the Land a little way within the Banks if the Creek is much lower than where we were: that there was no walking through the Woods ouie of the Water. Befides, the Trees were rn up by the Roots, and tumbled down fo ftrange- a-crofs each other, that it was almoft impofllble pafs through chem. The Storm continued all this Day and the Night llowing till ten a Clock : then it began to abate, dby two in the Mornhig it was quite calm. This Storm made very ftrange work in the Woods tearing up the Trees by the Roots: The Ships fo riding at 'Tnfl and at One-Biifij-Key^ felt tiie ory of it to their Sorrow ; for of four that were ding at One^Bufh-Ke^^ three were driven away om their Anchors, one of which was blown into c Woods of Beef-Ijlaiid, And of the four Ships at were at Trijl^ three alfo wrrre driven from leir Anchors, one of which was calt up about twen- Paces beyond High- Water-Mark on the Ifland of r'i>. The other tv/o were driven oft' to Sea ; an i of them was never heard of finer. E e e 2 The 67 i n \ ^m^\ I. . ^ ■ -if ■ r<,Hi! ■*!■ ill it ■, I ■' , I i:i> ' t''t'''i: lis »!' },'■ ^ Ifl ^ ,11 1 V 68 0/ Storms. The poor FiHi alfo fuffcred extremely by i Storm, for we fliv/ Multitudes of them cither c. on the Shore, or fioating dead on the Lagunes. Y this Storm did not reach 30 Leagues to Wiud-wa of 'fn//, for Captain l^ally of Jamaica^ went hen but three Days before the Storm began, and was m paft 30 Leagues ofl' when we had it fo fierce, y he felt none of it ■, but only faw very black difm Clouds to the Weflward, as he reported at his Ri turn from Jamaica to Trijl four Months after. I fliall fpeak next of Hurricanes. Thefe are violent Storms, raging chiefly amo the CaribWe Ijhuds ; though, by Relation, Jaum^ has of late been much annoyed by them \ but it hi been fince the Time of my being there. They ai expe6lcd in Jul\\ Augud or Sepiernher, Thefe Storms alfo as well as the Norths orSout give fomc Signs of their Approach before they co on. I liave not been in any one of them my fe! but have made Enquiry of many Men that hav and they all agree that either they arc picccded flattering iinulual fmall Winds and very fair W ther, or by a great Glut of Rain, or eife by bol Rains and Calms together. I fliall give an Inrtancc of one that gave fuchWi ning. It happened at Auteqcia in Augujl 1081. Ih the Relation of it from Mr. J()bnSmaUho>h\ beto mentioned, who was Gunner of a Ship of 120 Toi and 10 Guns, commanded by Capt. Gadhir';. Before this Storm it rained two Days excelfivei then it held up tv/o or three Days more : but the Si was clouded and appear'd to be much troubled, but little Wind. The IManters by this were cert of a Hurricane, and warned the Ship-Command to provide for it, efpecially Capt. GaJlnir\ •, Wi had carecn'd his Ship in Muskito C^ra in St. 7^/-'. I larbour but a little before, and by this Wnrn' given liim by the l^lanters, had gotten hib Goods B'J3 of Storms. . 69 oard again, which though all he had, yet was but tout half his lading of Sugar, MoloiTci. anJ Rum. ealfo moored his Ship as iVcure as he could, with 11 his Cables and Anchors, belides fome Cables which ehad made fafl: afliore to great Trees. And abouc ,1 Clock that Evening that the Storm came, he drea- lincr ir, went aOiorc with all his Men, and retired in- to a poor Planter's I loufe about half a Mile from the Shore. By that time he and his Men wer.e arrived at tlieHoufe, which was before 8 a Clock -, the Wind came on very fierce at N. K. and veering about to the N. and N, W. fettled there, bringing with ic very violent Rains. Thus it continued about four Hours, and then fell flat calm, and the Rain ceafed. In this Calm he fent 3 or 4 of his Men down to the Cow tJ fee what Condition the Ship was in, and they found her driven afhorc dry on the Sand, lying onone fide, with the Head of her Mad flicking into the Sand •, after they had walk'd round her and view'd her a-while, they returned again to the Capt. to give him an Account of the Difalter, and made as much hide as they could, bee aufe the Wind began to blow h:rd at S. V/. and it blew fo violently before they recover'd the Hoqfe, that the Boughs of the Trees wiiiptthem fufilciently before they got thither ; and ic rained as hard as before. The little Houfc could force flieltcr them from the wet •, for there was little bcfide the Walls (landing : For the ifl Norther- IvGuft blew away great part of the Ridge and moft 0' [he Thatch. Yet there they llaid till the next. Morning, and then coming to the Ship found her aimoll upright •, but all the Goods that were in the Hold were wafli'd out, and the Sugar w^aswafli'd out of tlieCask. Some of the Rum they found ; a Cask in one place and a Cask in anocluM- : fome on the* Shore, and fome half a Mile in the W'oods •, and fome ''W'd againil the Trees and leek'd out •, foritfeems there had been a violent Morion in the Sea, as well i-'. c c i, as I > . ; ril''!l • M •\: 1 '■Mil 111 '1. Jf! ' m-' ^ 1 'I '■ ' -:t I - 70 O/' Storms. a-i ill the Air. For in the Btginning of the Night] when the N. E. Gad ragcJ, the Sea chb'd I'o proJU gioufly, or elfc was driven oil' tlie Shore by the VioJ lence of the Wind fo far, that Tome Ships riding in the Harbour in 3 or ^ Fathom Water, were a-ground, and lay lb till the S. W. GuH came, and then th-l Sea came rowlinj^ in again with fuch prodigious Fury, that it not only fet them a-float, but dalhM many of them on the Shore. One cf them was carried up a great way into the Woods: another] was llrangely hurl'd on two Rocks that Hood dofe| by one another :. with her Head refting on one Rock, and her Stern on the other : And thus ihel lay like a Bridge between the two Rocks, about ten or eleven Foot above the Sea, even in the highcft Tides •, for the Tides do ufually rife here but htde,| not above two or three Foot, but in thefe Hurri- canes it always ebbs and flows again prodigioufly. It was not the Ships only that felt the Fury of] this Storm, but the whole Ifland fuiTisred by it •, fori the Houfcs were, blown aown, the Trees tore upbyl the Roots, or had their Heads and Limbs fadly Hut- lered, neither was there any Leaves, Herbs or grcea! Thing icft on the Ifland, but all iook'd like \V!nter.| Infomuch that n SJiip coming thither a little af:er, (hat uf:d that Trade, could fcarce believe it to be' ihe i-ime liland. N^s-ither did the Fury of this Siorni ii^ht only here, for Nevis and St. Chriftopher''snii\ tlieir Shares ulfo ; but Mountfurat felt little of \U ilio' not above a Fortnight after there happened 1- iiother Storm, as violent as this, and raged extreir,:- ]y there, but did little Damage at Neuh and St. C')'> Kophers. Aniegca had a great Share of this too. Capt. GaJoiiry's Ship, that lay a-ground before it came, was by it hurled over to the oppofue partot ihe Harbour, and there thrown dry on the Saiu- Ti:e Day after the Storm, the Shor» v/r: ilrev/'d Vvith Fifii of divcrr, forts, as well greas: as fmai' » ^ fad. hKW t I I j„ '• Of Storms, fjcii as Porpoift s, Sharks, i^c. and Abundance of Sfa-Fowls alio were dcllroyeu by ir. J would not have any Man think that thefe Hur- ricanes, or any other Storms, do always give warn- ing of their coming exactly alike : For there may be lome Difference in thoie Signs, tho' all oF them be pKiin enough if well obferved. Befides fomc- times they are duplicated, IbinL'tlm^s only fingl* Signs, and fometimes the Signs may be more vifible and plain than at other Times: whL*n by fome acci- ' dental Caufe thofe Signs may be lefs vifible by Reafon of fome high Hill or Mountain that may ht inter- Ipos'd between you and the Horizon, cfpecially if any Hill lies N. E. from you, which is the Quarter that Hurricanes do commonly rife in. The Clouds that precede a Hurriranc^. are dilTer- [ent from the North-Banks, in this, th.it whereas the Clouds preceding Norths are uniform and regular i |of an cxict Blacknefs even from the Horizon to the I upper Edge of it, and that as ftreight and even as a iLineibetched out. On the contrary, the Hurriranc- Clouds tower up their Heads, preffinp; forwaixlj as if they all fVrovc for Precedency -, yctio linked one within another, that all move alike, Befidos, the Edges of thefe Clouds arc gilded witii various and afrjghiing Colours, the very Edge of all fecms to bi of a pale iire-colour, next that of a dull yeiiow, and nearer the Body of the Cloud of a Copper-Colour, and the Body of the Cloud which is very thick ap- pears extraordinary black : and altog-aher it looks very terrible and amazing even beyond Expreflion. fho'Ihave never been in any Hurricane in t'leZ/'W- MW, yet I have {cq.\\ the very Image of them in the hi}-Indiei^ and the Eriec^ts have be'^n the very fame -y and for my part I know no Difference between a Hurricane among the Caribbee-Ijiriuh in the //''i-'/?- //;to, and a Tuabon on the Coaii of Ch:::a in the E e e 4 ILtJl- 71 Hi }\ •.'4 I 'Wk- i'! fl»'^' I r ,1 w (if* . f I h\\ !f^ '.11 i;ii:.^.!M, , %m^'' 72 0/ Storms, EaJl-hicVics^ but only the Name : Ancl I am apt \^ believe tlut both Words have one SigniiiauonJ which is, a violent Storm. I have given a large Account of one of thciJ in my Voyige round the JVorld \ Chapter Xv] Page 414. That gave warning by flattering Wra] ther beforehand, and a very dilmal Cloud, let ouj with fuch Colours as 1 have before dcfcribed, rifino in the N. E. from whence the Violence of the firl Guftcame, which was wonderful fierce and nccom] panied with extraordinary hard Rain •, then it after] wards fell calm about an Hour, and then the Winci came about at S. W. and blew as fierce as it did be] fore at N. E. which is much like the Hurricane be] fore-meiuioned at /////r^^rt, butof a longer ContinuJ ance than that : Befides, in both places they biowaJ one time of the Year, which is m July, /%*//? 0] September \ and commonly near the P'ull or Chand of the Moon. | Another thing that wc mufb alfo take notice ofj is, that both Places are North of the Equaiorl though not cxadly in one Latitude. But of ihefe Tufibons I fhall fay no more nov;j having dcfcribed them particularly in my Voyi'gctq 'fofiqic!/^ Chap. II. Pag. 3O. The Monfoons in the Eaft -hidles arc the next to be treated of ; by which I do not mean the Co'i] ing I'rade-wind, fo called, whicli I have already dcfcribed in Page 21 of this Difcourfe ; for thoiigH fMofifoon] is a general Word for the Wind thcrej diftinguiflied by Kafl: or Weft, according !o m Points from whence they blow ; yet it fom rimej alfo fignifies a Storm, as I now take it. Anditij cafie to be underflood, when it is ufed in Relcrenq to the Trade-wind, or when fpoken of a Siorm for if applied to a Storm, *ris exprefb'd by lomJ Epithet going before : As Vjolent, Terrible, ^c\ ^vltilO'>l( Of Storms, Ifkhout any Dlftinftion of IVtH: or Wed", which h Icommonly ufcd in fpcakiiig of the Tnidc-Wind. Thcfc Monfoons or Storms on the Coafl Ci\' Coro- um-^'l ^rc expcrtc(i either about April or St-nfrmhcr^ Lhich are accounted the two fliifting Months. For inthele two Months the Wind^ begin to fliifc and Itiirn from that Point, on which they have blown fevfral Months before to the contrary Points of the Comp.^fs \ ;i^ froni E.dl to Well, or the contrary : hit commonly this Shift is attended with a turbulent Sky, which cnd'j in a violent Storm oi Wind, or ex- relTivc Rains, or both : And this is called alfo the breaking up of the Monfoon. It was in one of t'nefe that I pall from Nicobar to Sumatra^ mentioned in my Vo\a^t: round the IPWcJ^ Chap. XVIII. [Page 496. This was the April Monfoon. j'hf 6f/)/ifw^^r Monfoons i! re generally more vio- I lent than thefe lad : yet by the Account I have Lite- ivh:id from Fort St. George^ they have fuHered ve- ry tnuch by one of the April Monfoons (if it may |beto called) for it came before its ufual time, even b'vtorc it could be expeded. As Tor the September Monfoons, tho' the time of Ithe Year is fo well known, and the Warnings of their Approach aimoft certain ; yet our KnjUfndia Mcrch:ints have had very confiderable LofTcs tln.re *, for the Strefs of tlie Winds blows right in upon the Shore, and often hurries the Ships from their An- chors, and toffes them in a Moment on the fandy Bay. Indeed the want of a fecure Place to ride in, is thegreatcft Inconvenience of that Faftory, a Place j(ioiibrlcfs defigned by the Englijh from its Original to be the Center of the Trade of thefe Parrs. For all our Faftories, an"d the Trade in general. Fall from. Cape Comorifj. are now fubordinate to this. The 7i* «[ ! ' I' J ; s m 'I i.»fi., 74 Of Storms. The Butch had once a place of Confaenc called Pallacat^ on this Coaft, about twenty Leasu to the North of it ; but they withdrew mod of tug Families and EfFedls from thence in the Year logl mentioned in my Voyci^e round the U'^orld^ Chap, Xi Page 522. And it is very probable that thele raJ ing Winds might be one Caufe of this their dder ing it, whatever was the Motive of fettling iu-K for tliey have fecure Harbours, and Roads cnoiia in 7W/V., wiiich we to our great Difadvantagc verj much want. But to return to the Monfoons. Thele fas I have told you) blow fierccft in ivi temhet\ and, as I have been informed, blow on veral Points of the Compafs. 'J'he ftormy Monfoons on the Mallahar Coaft tlij ier from thefe on the Coaft of Corornandcl^ in tha they are more common, and laft even from Apriiii September^ which is as long as the common Weill Monfoon lails, though not fo frequent and laltinj in the Beginning of the Monfoon, as towards dij latter end. The Months of Jul^ and Augufi afford very bad Weather, for then there is hardly any liitermiffion .but a continued troubled Sky full of black Cloudj ■which pour down excefiavc Rains, and often ver fierce Winds. But towards the breaking up of th Monfoon, they have one very terrible Sionn ailed by the Portuguefi the Elipbanta, Vv'hich concludes did bad Weather. For after that they put to Sea mni out fear of any more Storms that Seafon, 'I'hefe violent Winds blow diredly in upon M Shore ; and they dam up the Harbours on tail Coall, efpecially that of Goa, fo that no Ships call go in or come out then ; but after the violent V^^indj arc pall:, the Channel opens again, and io continued till the next Seafon. Thij Of Storms, This Relation I had from a very ingenious Gentle- jijn who was at Goa during the bad Weather. Khali only take notice that thefe Storms are alfo the fame Time of the Year, when the Hurri- nes and Souths are in the IVeft-Indies^ and the jufFoons on the Coafts of China^ Tunqueen, Co- kchim and Cambodia in the Eaftern Parts of the iijlJndies, and that all thefe Places are to the (forth of the Equator. 75 ^i ill " Ik: r %3Ka0 ■I:' §■ C H A P. Ei «:• W t'l >i- '.'. ■'( m I ' ■! tR'b-: '% 5 1 7(5 -ll C H A P. VII. Of the Seafons of the Tear. ThelVet and[Dry Seafons on the North- fide ofth Equator-:, and on the South of it, 'Places (a nious for much dry Weather s aspartof]!t:\^ arid Mnz^. A Compart fon between thofeCoitp Of raining Coafls -, as Guinea. fVh} Guinc more fubjett to Rains than theoppofiteCoiiflo Brazil, The time of Sugar -rnaking, Oj th Seajons at Suranani. Bays more fuhjeB t Rain than Head- Lands, Se^verul Injiancci o this, as at Campeachy, Panama, Tunquccn Eengah, d^r. Mountains more fubjeEl io Rmi than Low Land : An Infiance of this at )a maica. The Ifle of Pines near Cuba, a 'i;:t Tlace. So is alfo Gorgon ia i7i t he Sout h Seas, The manner hvoJ Tornadoes artfe. AS Summer and Winter are the two moll di ferent Sealbns in our Climate •, fo theD/ and. the IVct are within the Torrid Zone| and are always oppofite to each other. Tluyarj often called by Europeafis IVintc?- and Summer^ biij more generally, Dr^ and IVet. The Seafons on each fide of the Equator, areai different as the Seafons of Summer and Winter areii^ temperate Climates, or near eachPolc. For as 'tisSunij mer near the North-Pole, when *tis Winter neir th( South- Pole, and the contrary , fo when 'tis fair am "^ill: Tear, lorth-fideofth it, 'FlacesJA. as part of Vm 'enthoJeCoiifli . IVhy Guinc oppofiteCoiillo^ iking. Of d more fuhjeB i rallnjianccio^ iia, Tunqaccn ubjeti to Rmi -eof this at]\ r Cuba, a ^ //'/^ South Seas, rtfe. \e two moft dif ite •, fo the D/j e Torrid Zonei fther. Tht-7 arj nd Suinmci\ biil Equator, areaj nd Winter arc i E. For as 'tisSumj Winter neir thj /hen 'CIS fair m 0/ t/-/^ Seajhns of the Tear, dry Weather North of the Equator^, *tis bluftering and rainy Weather South of it -, and the contrary, except within a few degrees of the Line, and that in fonie places only. There is alfo this difference between the Torrid and Temperate Zones, either North or South of the Equator •, that when it is fair and dry Weather in the one, it is Winter in the other : and when it is wet in the one, it is Summer in the other. I fpeak now of Places lying on the fame fide of the Equator : For as the Sun when it palfes the Equinox, and draws towards either of the Tropicks, begins to warm their refpedlive Poles, and by how much the nearer he ap- proaches, by fo much is the Air without the Tropickj clear, dry and hot •, on the contrary, within the ^drrid Zone (though on the lame fide of the Line) the farther the Sun is off, the dryer is the Weather, And as the Sun comes nearer, the Sky grows more cloudy and the Weather more moift : for the Rains follow the Sun, and begin on eidier fide of the E- qiiator, within a little while after the Sun has croft the Equinox, and fo continue till after his return back again. The wet Seafon on the North- fide of the Equator in the Torrid Zone^ begins in April or Ma-^^ and fo continues till September or OJoher. The dry Weather comes in November or tieccm- K iind continues till ^^n7 or M?)'. In South Latitudes the Weather changes at the fame times, but with this difference, that the dry Months in South Latitude, are wet Months in North Latitude, and the contrary, as 1 have faid before. Yit neither do tiie wet or dry Seafons let in or go out exadlly at one time, in all Years •, neither are all places fubjed to wet or dry Weather alike. For in fomc plates it rains \tU than in others ; and confc- qaenily there is more div Weather. But gt-nerail)^ ■ i-1accs 77 "in 1 1 \¥ f ■ ■ ,!.| irt I m m'r,,l ff" 1 ]U 11 f f \: ll 1 t :w 78 Of the Seafons of the Tear. Places that lye under the Line, or near it, havd their greateft Rains in March and September. Head-Lands or Coafts that lye moll expofed to the Trade-winds have commonly the bed Ihare ofi dry Weather. On the contrary, deep Bays or Bon- dings of the Land, efpecially fuch as lye near the Line, are moft fubjedl to Rains. Yet even amono Bays or Bendings, there is a great deal of difference in the Weather as to dry or wet \ for the Weather] as well as the Winds feem to be much influencedl by accidental Caufes ; and thofe Caufes themfelves, whatever they are, feem to be fubjed to great vari- ation. But to proceed with Matter of Fa6l ; I fhali be- gin with the drieft Coafts \ and firft with that ofl l^eru^ from 3d. South to 30 d. South. There it I never Rains, neither at Sea for a good diftance oftl fhore, as for 250 or 300 Leagues •, no nor on thef fhorefora confiderable way within Land j though exactly how far I know not ; yet there are fir Mifts fometimes in a Morning for two or three | Hours, but feldom continuing after ioa-Clocki| and there are Dews alfo in the Night. This Coaft lies N. and S. it has the Sea open io the Weft, and a Chain of very high Mountains run- ning along fliore on the Eaft, and the Winds con- ftantly Southerly, as I faid before in the iecond Chapter of W^incls. In which Head I have made a Comparifon as well oi' the Winds on the Coaft. of Africa in the fame Latitude, as of the lying of the Coafts. Only there is this difference, that the co>*fting Trade-winds on the American ftde do blow further from the Land than thofe on the African fide. Which difference may probably arife from the difproportion of rhe Mountains that are in the two Continents ; tor 'tis known that the A)Aes in America are feme of the hi.qheft Mountains in the World, but whether there lire Of the Seafons of the Tear. lareany on the Continent of ylfrica in thoie Latitudes fo high, I know not. I have not heard of any, itlcalt none fuch are vifible to Seamen. I come now to Ipeak of the Weather on the A- frican Coaft, which though 'tis not fo dry ar, the toad of Peru, yt t is it the next to it. Tlie Wea- ther there is very dry from March till Othhsr^ which isrhedry Seafon. Tiie rainy Seafon, which is from 05loher till Ikrch^ is moderate, without that excefs that is in molt other Places in thofe Latitudes j fo that the wetted Seafon can only be called fo from fome gen- tle Ihowers of Rain. There are fome Tornadoes, but not fo many as arein any other Places, both of the Eaft orWefl-h- (l;>.f, the Peruvian Coaft excepted. And if the height of the Andes are the caufe that the true Eaft- Breeze does not take place in the Pacifick-Sca, within 200 Leagues diftance from the Ihore, when yet the Trade blows within 40 Leagues of the Afri- m Coafl ; that Coaft may perhaps be fuppofed to want fuch high Mountains. And if thofe American Mountains do ftop the Vyinds from their Career, why may they not as well break the Clouds before they reach near the fliore, and be the caufe of the dry Weather there.? And feeing both Coafts do lye alike, and the Wind is alike -, why fhould not the Weather be the fame -, were it not for the difpro- portion between the Mountains of thefe Coafts ? For the Eaft-fide of thofe Mountains are fupplied with R.iin enough, as may be known by the great Rivers that difembogue from thence into the Atlancitk Sea \ whereas the Rivers on the South-Sea Coaft are but very few and fmall ; fome of which do wholly dry away for a good part of the Year ; but yet they con- f^^antly break out again in their Seafons, when the Rains in the Country do come, which always fall on th*; 79 'lull I I W ,i ■J V ^■V \[ \ ,- '!■ t ■ W. i: f*!'^^' , ' r HOT > ,; iw,< 1v ' 80 Of the Seajons of the Tear, the Weft-fide of thofe Mountains, and this is a- bout February. As I have fpokcn before of dry Coafts, fo nowll fhall fpcak of rahiy ones. I fliall begin with the Coaft of Guinea^ from Cape Lopos, which Hes one degree South, taking in the Bite or Bending of the Land, and all the Coaft Weft from thence, as far' as Cape Paluias. This is a very wet Coaft, fubjed to violent Tor i nadoes and exceftlvc Rains, efpecially in 7///^ and Jugujl : Li thofe Months there is fcarce any fair D.iyJ Tliis Coaft" lies all of it very near the Equar.or, and no where above 6'or 7 degrees Diftance j fo tut from its nearnefs to the Equator only, we might probably conjedure that it is a rainy Coaft •, for moft places lying near the Line are very fubjed to Rains: yet fomemore than others •, and Gui?ica may be reckoned] among the wetteft Places in the World. Thciemay] be Places wliere the Rains continue longer, but none] are more violent while they laft. And as its nearnefs to the Line may be a great I caufe of its Moifture -, fo by its fituation alio one would guefs that it fliould be fubjeift to a great deal of Rain -, becaufe there is a great Bite or Bending in of the Land, a little to the North | of the Line •, and from, thence the Land (Irttch- eth Weft parallel with the Line. And thefe Or- cumftanccs fingly taken, according to my Ob- fervations do leldom fail, but more efpecially I where tlicy both meet. Yet there may be other caufes that may hinder thofe Effecls, or at lealH ferve to allay the violence of them, as they do on fome other Coafts. I fiiall only inftancc in the oppofite Coaft of America between the Noita Cape, wliich lies North of the Equator, and Ope BliiHcn on Brazil^ in South Latitude. Now thisj Land lies much after the Eorm of the Coaft of 6;:- nca^ with this dlUcrencc, that one Coaft H^'-'^ "^1 South n thence, as far Of the Seafons of the Tear, Igouth Lat. the other lies North of the Equator, both of thefe Promontories lay parallel with the Equator, and there's not much difference in their diftance from it ; but that which makes the difter- lencc is, that one juts out Weftward, the other Eaft- kard •, and fo one is the very Weftermoft Land of jthe Continent of Jfrica^ the other is the Eafter- Loft Land of the Continent of America: The one ksonly an eddy Wind, which feems to mc to be the Effed of two contrary Winds ; The other Coall lies open to the Trade, and never wants a Breeze. And the former is troubled with Tornadoes aod vio- lent Rains during the wet Seafon, which is M?)-, Jhk?, 7«/y, Augujl and September: But the extrcmeit Iwet Months are Julj and Augujl ; when it rains in a manner continually. April and Otloher alfo fome- Itimes are wet Months. The other Coafl on the American Continent, Uhich lies open to the E. and N. E. or S. E. and which enjoys the freer Trade-Wind, is lefs fubjedt to Rain -, only as it lies near the Line, it has its part, |bot not to Excefs, nor in any Comparlfon with Gu'i- . And as the Line is to the N. of it, foits wet iMonchs are from October till Aprils and the dry Sea- fon from April to Otloher, And thefe Seafons reach even to fix or feven Degrees North of the Line : Which I do not know to be fo in any other part of the World again. Indeed Cape Lc^/r; in Guinea^ is in one degree South, yet participates of the fame Wea- ther that the reft of Guinea has, which lies to the I North of the Line. Now the R.-^afon why Europeans do account the Idry Seafon Summer, and the wet Seafon Winter \ isbcea'jfe the dry Seafon is their Harvell time, cfpe- kiilly in our Plantations, where we chiefly make Siigir •, for then the Canes arc as yelhjvv as (jold. niwyhavc then indeed lefs Juice, but that little tliere [Ms very fweet. XVhere.'.s in the wet Seafon, th.-* Vol. If. V \\ the 8l iili' Sin ^■■ s^ %: \ % m '. I-'' if! '• I t i ,; '■ s ,; If I: .mm ■.■ , Vi'l.-Ji *■■■ 1- I, .Mv-U ,f 82 Of the Seafons of the Tear. the Canes are ripe, and come to their Matiiritv, yet do they not yield fiich Qiiantities of Sugar, nci- I her is it io good, tho' the Pains in boiling it be alio t^rcaicr. I'hcr'.fore in Northern Climates, as ill our Plantations are in, they commonly begin to work about making of Sugar at Chrljhnas \ atkr ihc dry Seafon has brought the Canes to a good Perfec- tion. But in South Climates, as on theCoallo Brazil^ they begin to work in July, Some Places there are in the North Latitudes alfo near the Line, where tlie Weather bears Time with tho Scafuiisi in South Lat. as at Surnnam^ which though it is in North Lat. yet are the Seafons there the lame as m South Latitudes ; but I know not iuch another In Itance any where. And tho' the dry Scalon is tin Time to gather in the Canes, and the wet Scafonj to ]il mt •, yet are they not fo limited as to niuk life only of thefe Seafons for either ; but do i: cuieHy for tluir beft Convenience \ for they ma plant at any Time of the Year, and that with goo Succefs : efpecially after a moderate *)howir o: Rain, which often happens even in the dry Seafons But I mud proceed. I have faid before that Bays have greater Qiian titles {)'( Rain than Head-Lands. 'i'iie B;iy of Camfeacbx is a good Inllancc of this for the Rains are very great there, clpecially in tlv Months of July and Augujl. On the contrary, tb Coaft fro!ii Cape Catocb^ to Cape Condeccdo^ whic' lies more expoled to the Trade, has not near tin Rains as the Bay o'i Cnml'cachj hath. The Bay of llnuditras alio is ver^^ wet, and that bending Coaft irom Cape Gralhi de Dm, evei to Carthajiena. But on the Coaft of CdMccos, am about Cape La Vela^ where the Breezes are mori brisk, tlie Weather is more moderate. AVhercas i thofe little B.iys between, there :s ftill a Difference For in the Bay of Mcncaxa, which lies a litdc o ri : greater Quiin-Hfid Of the Seafons of the Tear. the Eaft of Cape La Vela, there is mucii more Rain than ac or near the Cape. The Bay of Panama alfo will furnifli us with a Proof of this, by its immoderate Rains ; cfpccially the South- fide of it, even from tlie GuJph of St. Micbaeli to Cape St. Francis ; the Rains there are horn April till November •, but in Junc\ July, and /ln^tijt, they arc moft violent. There are many fmall Bays alfo Weft from the Bay of Panama^ which have their Shares of thefe wee Stafons, as the Gulph o't Didce^Caldera Bay. ylmapaila, kc. but to the Well of that, where the Coaft runs more plain and even, there arc not fuch wet Sea- fons ; yet many times' very violent Tornadoes. The Eajl-Indies alfo has many Bays that are fub- iecl to very violent Rains, as the Bay of 'J'onqueen, thac of Siam, the Bottom and the Eaft-fide of the Bay of Bengali. But on the Coaft of Coromandel, which is the Weft-fide of that Bay, the Weather is more moderate ; that being an even, pl.iin, low Coaft. But on the Coaft of Mallabar^ which is on the Weft- fide of that Promontory, the Land is high and moun- tainous, and there are violent Rains. Indeed the Weft- idcs of any Continents are wetter than the Eaft-fides, the Coaft of Peru and Africa only excepted j in the former of which the Drynefs may be occafioned (as is faid before) by the Height of the ' '^s. And 'ti? probable that the Violence of the K.jns near thofe Mountains falls chiefly on the Eaft-fidcs of them, and fcldom reaches to their Tops ; which yet if the Rains do, they may there be broke in pieces, and reach no further. For, among other Obfervations, I have taken Notice that Mountains are fupplied With more Rains than low Lands, I mean the low Land bordering on the Sea. As for Inftance, the South-fide of Jamaica beginning at Legaiiea^ and !'om thence away to the Wiftward, as far as Black River, including all the plain Land and Savannahs 83 J ifi III \'\ \\ m ■u- i mi I Hli: ^Itii "H ' f\ ¥M ■till :||! I 'Vli 84 Of the Seafons of the Tear, about St. Jago dc la Vego^ Old Harbour and Wiihv. wood Savannahs. This is a plain level Country for many Miles lying near Eaft and Weft, having the Sea on the South, and bounded with Mountains on the North. Thofe Mountains arc commonly fupplied with Rain before the low Lands. I have known the Rains to have begun there three Weeks before any has fallen in the plain Country, bordcriiifr on the Sea ', yet every Day I have obferved very black Clouds over thr Mountains, and have heard it thun- der there. And thofe very Clouds have feemed by their Motion to draw towards the Sea, but have been check 'd in their Courfe, and have either returned towards the Mountains again, or elfe have ipent themfelves before they came from thence, and fo have vanifhed away again to the great Grief of the Planters, whofc Plantations and Cattle have futt'ered w, for want of a little Moilhire. Nay, thcfe Tornadoes have been fo nigh, that the Sea Breeze has died away, and we Iiave had the Wind frefh out of the Clouds, yet they have vanillied, and yielded no Rain to the low parch'd Lands. And I think that the want of feafonable Showers is one of the greatefi Inconveniencies that this part of the Country fuffers, for I have known in fome very dry Years, that the Grafs in the Savannahs has l->een burned and wither'd for want of Rain, and the Cattle have perilhed thereby for want of Food. The Plantations alfo have fuffered very much by itj but fuch dry Seafons have not been known on the North-fide of the Ifland where the Mountains are bordering on the Sea, or at leaft but a little Diftance olf it. For there they are fupplied with feafonable Showers alnioft all the Year, and even in the dry time it felfnear the Full and Change of the Moon. But violent, As A in the wet Seal on, the Rams wliich is their Inconvenience. are more w4 '* Of the Seajons of the Tear. As for the Valleys in the Country, they ar** not lubjed to fuch Droughts as the plain Land '. , S'ja, at Icaft I have not obfcrved it my felf, nor have 1 heard it mentioned by others. The Ifle of Pines near Cuha is fo noted a Place for Rain that the Spaniards inhabiting near it on Cuha^ lay that it rains more or lefs every day in the Year, it one Place or another. It is generally fpoken al- io and believ*d by Privateers, for it has been oft vi- fited by them. I have been there my felf, but can- not confirm that Report. However, it is well known to be a very wet and rainy Place. It is but a fmall Ifland of about nine cr ten Leagues long, and three or four broad \ and in the midll is a high peeked Mountain, which is commonly cloud- ed J and the Privateers fay that this Hill draws all the Clouds to it •, for if there is not another Cloud to be fecn any where elfe, yet this Hill is fcldom or never clear,, Qorqoma in the South-Seas alfo has the fame Re- port. It is much fmaller than Pines. I ftave mentio- ned it in my Voyage round the iVorld. Cliap. VI] . Page 172. This Ifle lies about four Leagues from tlie Main : but the Ifle of Pines not above two, and is a great deal bigger than it. The Main againll Gorgonia is very low Land ; but Cuha near Pines is pretty high, and the Mountain c{ Pines is much bigger and high- er than the Hill of Gc^gonia^ which yet is of a good Height, fo that it may be feen fixtecn or eighteen Leagues olf •, and f/io' I cannot fay thai it rains eve- ry day there, yet I know that it rains very much and extraordinary hard. I have been at this Ifle three Times ; and always found it very rainy, and the Rains very violent. I remember when we touch'd there in our Return from Captain Sharps we boiled a Kettle of Chocolate be- fore we clean'd our Bark ; and having every Ma>i Fff ? ' hib 85 ? ' I ^' ■ , i U i to Deep on the Drck, efpeci- ally tor Privateers-, among whom I made theie Ob- fervations. In Privateers, efpceially when we are at an Anchor, the Deck is fpread with Mats to lie on each Night. Every Man nas one, Ibme two i and this with a Pillow for the Vlead and a Rug for a Covering, is all the Bedding that is neceflary for Men of tivat Km ploy. Ihave many times Ipread my Lodging, wl^cn r!ie Evening has piomifcd well, \vx hav;- hctn lorced to withdraw betbre Day ■, antl ytl ii w is iujt a little Rain that would afright me then •, neiilun* at its iirlt coming could I have thought that fuch a fmall Cloud coul.j afford lb much Rain : And oftenriiVies both my fcif and others have been fo deceived by th;* Appearance of fo fmall a Cloud, that thinking t:v^ 87 m tW'MI ;' Ml, !^'l; m , I I i ■ I, . t m i >■ u, i [I, ,! ' I |ftH:f 5 8 Of the Seafons of the Tear. Rain would foon be over, we have lain till we were dropping wet, and then have been forced to move at lalt. But to proceed. I have conftantly obferved, than in the wet Sea- fon we had more Rain in the Night than in the Day ; for tho* it was fiiir in the Day, yet we fddom efcaped having a Tornado or two in the Night. If we had one in the Pay, it rofe and came away pre- fently, and it may be we had an Hour's Rain, more or lefs ; but when it came in the Night, though there was little Appearance of Rain \ yet we (hoiild have it three or four Hours together •, but this has commonly been nigh the Shore ; and we have ktw thick Clouds over the Land, and much Tiiunder and Lightning, and to our Appearance, there was iriore Rain there than wc had •, and probably out farther off at Sea, there might be ftill Icfs : For it was comm-jnly pretty clear that way. ■■J 4-. ■% CHAP. G H A p. VIII. Of Tides and Currents, \k'T>ijference between Tides and Currents, No flace in the Ocean without Tides. Where the fides are great eft ^ and where fmalleft. Of the Tides in the Harbour and Lagunes of Trift ; m the Bay of Campcachy. Of thofe between the Capes 0 for the Surface of the Water to run counteri its lower ^Parts. Of the Currents on the cJ of Angola, Eafi of the Cape of God J-Iopc : On the Coajl of India, North ofti Line: And in the Sourh-Sea. ''it ti ^ 1:1 ^*!;li' m :t' -; \ r- Aim). HAving treated of the Winds and Seafim of Year in the Torrid Zone, I now come fpeak of the 'Tides and Currents there. And by the way Note. That, By Tides I mean Flowings and Ebbings of theSe, on or off from any Coaft. Which Property of t] Sea feems to be univerfal ; though not rcguLulyj Jikc on all Coails, neither as to Time nor the W\\ of the Water. By Currents I mean another Motion of the Se which is dificrent from Tides in feveral Refpeq both as to its Duration, and alfb as to its Courfe. Tides may be comparer] to the St\ and Linl Breezes, in refpec^l to their keeping near thc^ Shore tho* indeed they alternately How and ebb twice 24 Hours. Contrarily the Sea-Breezes blow ont Shore by Day, end the Land- Winds oli" from it the Night i yet they keep this Courfe ir, dulyinl manner as the Tides do. Neithei' arc the Tid| nor thofe Breezes fiir from the Land. Currents may be compared to the Ccajfiag f/Vi Wiihls^ as keeping at fome farther Diftancc fromtl Shore, as the Trade-winds do ; and 'tis prob,ib| they are much influenced by them. * ris a general Belief, cfpecially among Seamej That the Tides are governed by the Moon : Thj their Increafe and Decreafe, as well as their cliiij nal Motions, are influenced by that Planet ; th fometimcs accidental Caufes in the Winds tn.;y hii| der the true Regularity thereof. Of Tides and Currents. We are taught, as the firft Rudiments of Navi- itioD, to fhift our Tides ; i. e. to know the time. full Sea in any Place; which indeed is very iceflaryto be known by all EngUfh Sailors, be- ufe the Tides are more regular in our Channel, n in other parts of the World. But my fubjeifl being to fpeak of the Tides with- er near the Tropick, I leave thofe in places nearer 'i/;J, to be difcourfed on by Coafters, who are c^only knowing Men in this Myftery : They ha- g by experience gained more Knowledge in it an others •, and that is always the bcfc Mafter. I have not been on any Coaft in the World, t where the Tides have ebb'd and fiow'cf, either lore or lefs j and this I have commonly obferv'd, latthe greateft Indraughts of Rivers or Lagunes, ye commonly the fbrongeft Tides. Contrarily luch bafts as are lead fupplied with Rivers or Takes .ve the weakelt Tides •, at Icaft they arc not fo per- ptible. Where there are great Indraughts either if Rivers or Lagunes, and thofe Rivers or Lagunes ewide, though the Tide runs very ftrong into the ■hsof fuch Rivers or Lagunes, yet it does not wfohigh, as in fuch Places where the Rivers or akes are bounded in a narrow Room, though the ides do run of an equal llrength at the Mouths irEntrances of either. Neither do the Tides flow much on or about IHauds remote from the Main and, as they do on the Coalls of it. I fhall firil give 'bme Inftances of thefe general bftrvations, and tiien proceed to Particulars. The Places that I Ihall mention fhall be fuch as bve been in my fcif, and where 1 have made the bfervations before mentioned i I Ihall begin with elaguiie of Tn]}^ in the Bay of Car^peuchy. This Place is very remarkable, in that it has two inurhfiof a confiderable bi^ncfs ^ the one is about Milcvad half wide, and about two Mile throu^ih, before 91 Hi 1.1 !>.' |; . *;i l:iil fill ■I i;' !» f.'j I lit . II' t ( fi^i. t; ^i * i; '/tf \'U .-, '.it ii'S' pa 0/ T'/W'^x ^»// Currents, before you come to a Lagune, which is fcven eight Leagues long, and three wide. The ot.. Mouth is 7 Leagues from it, and is about 2 Mii and half, or 3 Miles wide, and about 2 Miles loni before it opens into the Lagune : Befides, fart within Land there are 3 or 4 more Lagunes lefs thi the former. The Tides that flow or ebb in all the La^u pafsin or out at the two Mouths before-mention which makes them run very fwift, infomuchtli the Spaniards have named that great Lagune, Lan jra ^ermiria, or the Lake of Tides ; becaufe tl Tides are fo very ftrong in thofe two Mouths. Y though the Tides do run fo fwift at the Mouth the Lagune, they do not rife in height proportio bic to that fwiftnefs ; for the greateft Tides h^ do not rife or fall above 6 or 7 Foot, except forci by extraordinary Caufes, as Storms, or theliki Of which I have Ipoken before. I could alfo inftance in the Channel, between tl 2 Capes of VirgLuia^ where the Tides do run vei fwifr ; yet the Floods and Ebbs are not propori enable to the fwiftnefs of the Tides between tl Capes. There are not indeed fuch Lagunes, as 'i'rtjtm the Bay of Campeachy, but there are ma wide Rivers, and abundance of fmalier Cree Befides, in fome places there is low Land, wh over-flown by the Tides ; fo that all the Water tl runs in with fuch fwiftnefs v/ithin the Capes is infei fibly fwallowed up there. Thelc arc inflances ot rtrong Tides, occafioni by great Indraughts •, yet where there is but liti rifing and falling of the Water in comparifon vi the itrength of the Tides at the Mouths of th Indraughts. I fliall next give lome Inflances the great Indraughts, v.'here the Tides fiow ai ebb much more than in the former Places; thou the I'ide at the Mouths of thoic Indraii^lits d Of Tides and Cnrrentsl \l run fv/ifter than in tliofe Places before men- bned. jlliall only mention two Rivers in the Sautb-^ea, latl have taken notice of in my Voyage round the flil^ (viz.) the Gulph of St. Michael -, and the jverof Guiaqtiil. In the Gulph of St. Michael there are many large ivers, which all difcmbogue into a Lagune of 2 or Leagues wide. This Lagune is barricadoed from Sea with fome fmall low Mangrovy Iflands, and itween them are Creeks and Channels, through ilich the Tides make their daily pafTes into the La- e; and from thence into the Rivers, and lb back bain ; many times over- flowing the laid Iflands, and ving the tops of the lower Trees above Water. The Rivers that run into this Lagune are pretty irrow, and bounded on each fide with fteep Banks, high as the Floods ufe to rife, and but very little jher. For at High-water, and on a Spring-tide, the i'atcr is almoft, or altogether even with the Land. The Lagune at the Mouth of the Rivers is buc ail, neither is there any other way for the Wa- :r to force it felf into, befide the Lagune and ivers ; and therefore the Tides do rile and fall re 1 8 or 20 Foot. [The River oi' Guiaquil^ in this refpeft, is much fame with the Gulph of St. Michael •, but the agunes near it are larger. Here the 'I'ide riles and ills 1 6 Foot perpendicular. [1 don't know of any other fuch Places in all the Jith-Seas -, yet there arc other large Rivers on the oaft, between thefe Places -, but none lb remark- file for high Tides. The gi cat I'ides in rhe Gulph of iMicha.^!h'.\vc doubilels been the occafion of that fpinion, which fome hold, that tliere*s a fubccrra- an Communication between the N. and the Soulh- P^\ and that the Ifthmus of Darkn is like an pcheJ Bridge, under which tlie Tides mnke their ronlianr 91 :nf m^ .^H.:!:: ^ . !■ 5 if!. , M ■M h' ^ 111: i! -I i .H 1< -V !H* 94. 0/ T>V/?j /7w^/ Currents. conftant Courfes, as duJy as they do under Londot Bridge. And more to confirm this Opinion foil have lliid, that there arc continual and flrange Noif] made .by thofe Subterranean Fluxes and Kcnuxcs) and that they are heard by the Inhabitants of il Ifthmus •, and alio that Ships failin^^; in the Bay J Panardd arc tofs'd to and fro at a prodigious 1 it] Sometimes (fay chey) they are by the boiJing of A Water, dalli'd againll Iflands i and in a nionicntlel dry there, or (laved in pieces -, at other times the are drawn or fuck'd up, as 'twere, in a Wliirl-Pot and ready to be carried under Ground into tj North-Seas, with all Sails (landing. They have fd alio, that when the Tide flows, efpecially on Spring, the Iflands in the Bay are all overflown ; na^ and even the Country for a great way together : an then nothing is to be feen, but the tops of Tree, But if this were fo, 'tis much that I and thofe thi I was with, fliould not have heard or feen romethinl of it: For I pafs'd the Ifthmus twice, and was J Days in tlie lafb Trip that I made over it ; but yj did I never hear of any Noifes under Ground therj I fliiled alfo in the ^^«//j~56'^zi (taking in both timj that I VvMs there) near 3 Years : and fevcral Moiitn of it I was in tlie Bay of Panama. And after went away thofe of our Crew that remained therd fpent a great deal more time in that Bay. Xi did they never meet with fuch flrange "VVhirl-Poolj but found as pleafmt lailing there, as any where r the World. Neither did I ever hear any of ti Spa/.'iards or Indians make mention of any fuch thid in all my Converfe with them •, which certvUnly tha would have done, if they had ever experienced ij had it been only to terrific us, and fcare us a\va| from their Coails. I remember indeed our Country- man Mr. Gd gives fonie hints of thefe llrange Currents in thI Bay, m his Book, cAWcdy A New Sur-vcj of the\'s4 Indici I,:,. Of Tides and Currents'. (Jies, from P. 538 to 440, but I am afraid he took oft of it upon truft from others •, or elfe he was a-fick all that little Voyage: for he gives a very perfetit and lame Account of that Bufmefs, as if underftood not what he wrote. I fhould diflike IS whole Book for that one Story's fake, if I did otknow that he has written candidly upon other atters ; but I think I have faid enough of this : proceed then. As to the great Tides, which are reported to be tl.:le Seas, I have given inftances of them, buc ey a e not fo great as is reported \ neither do they ibband flow fo much any v;here as in the Gulph of t. Michael only : where indeed they flow over thofe 1 low Mangrove Iflands, at the Mouth of the igimc, and leave only the tops of the low Trees ibove Water •, for thofe Iflands arc very low, neither they afford any high Trees. But however, the [Hands at the Mouth of the Gulph, before you come lothefe low ones, are near over-flov/n ; yet are they ery fmall and low, in comparifon with other Iflands in the Bay of Panama. And indeed fhould the Iflands that Bay be over-flown, the City of Pana7na'^ou\d ion be many Yards under Water. But fo far is his from being true, that the Pearl Iflands which are ery flat and low, are yet never overflown. For kre the Tide rifeth and falls not above 10 or 11 bot on a Spring, at the Southermofl: end of them, hich isalmoft oppofite to the Gulph of St. Michael^ iRd not above 12 or 14 Leagues diftant from it. nd yet there it flows more than it does at or near 'anama., or any other Place in the Bay (except jult ahe Mouths of Rivers J by 2 or 3 Foot. There- fore all that report is wholly groundlefs. But to go on. I have alfo obfcrved, that Iflands lying aflir oflT at Sea, have feldom fuch high Tides as thofe that are iwr the Main, or as any Places on the Main it felf ; as n m ■'% i I. • *»• V m tip ') ■ I ll ml ^. Bf b" :X i> li fi ;ti' Cl 96 Of Tides ar.d Currents,, as for example, at the Gahipagos Ijknds, which lii about 100 Leagues from the Main •, the Tides don' rife and fall above a Foot and half, or two Foo which is lefs thap they do on the Coaft of the Mail For on mod Places of the Main it rifcs and tails 201 3 Foot, more or lei's according as the Coaii: is niori or lefs expofed to Indraughts or Rivers. Guaffiy one of the Ladrone Iflands, is alfo an ther inftance of this. There the Tide rifcdi not a bove 2 or 3 Foot at molt. In rhe Bay ot Pamm the Tides do keep a more conftant and regi Courfe than on other Places on the Coafts of Pa and Mexico ; h .vas for that reafon I called the Currfnts in fome Places (mentioned in my ^op^ round the fVorid, as particularly near Guatulou^ ci ti\^'Mcxican Conti^ient^ in Chap. IX. Page 2::!8.1bui it was truly a Tlae (which there I called a Current^ and it lets to ihe EaRward as the Eb':) doth to thi Weft. The Tides there do rife and fall about F'oot, as they do on moft part of that Coafc. Ac Ria Leja they rife and fall about eight or nim Foot. At Amapala they alfo rife and fall about 8 or Foot, and the Flood there runs to the Eaft, an the Ebb lo the Weft. ■ In the Gulph of Duke and Neicoya River, the rife to 10 or 11 Foot; but on the Coail oiPm they don't rife fo high, efpecially on all the Coaf between Cape St. Frauds and the River Guumi there the Flood runs to the South, and the l-^bb t the North. At the Wand Plata the Tiue rifes and lalls 3 ui 4 Foot ; but from Cape £'/t7.i^o, in about 3 d. Sou:ii| to 30 d. South, the Tides are fmalkr •, there riu" rife and Uill not above a Foot and a half, or 2 l-'oo' 'l\\t Flood on tills CoLUl fcts to the South, an the Ebb to the ^orih. »■ ''4^ -'ill! '^ % ht\ Lis !,4 ' ( --^ Ill— " Of Tides and Currents, In all my Cruilings among the Privateers, I took notice of the Rifings oF the Tides •, becaul'c by inowing it, I always knew where we might belt bul afliore and clean our Ships : which is alio great- ly obl'erved by all Privateers. In mofl: Places of the JVeJi-Indies, the Tide flowi Ibut little over what it does in oui Channel. In the Eaft-Indlcs njfo the Tides are but fmall on nolt Coafts, neither are they fo regular as with us. The moft irregular Tides that I did eve." meet ., are at 'Tonqiicen in about 20 d. North Lati* Jtude, and on the Coaft of ISew-HoUand^ in about jiyd. South. In both thefe Places, the neap Tides Ve fcarce difcernable. Thoie of ^cnquccn are de-^ [fcribed at large by Mr. Daver.port, who was ini- ployed by Mr. James when he was Chief of the h:ili(h Fadors there, to obferve them: And the khole Difcourfe is publilhed in The Pbilofiphkal fwifa^ions of the Royal Society : whither I refer At New-Holland I had two Months time to ob- trve the Tides. There the Flood runs E. by N. y the Ebb W. by S. And they rife and tail ibout fi^^e Fathom. In all the Springs that we lay here, the higheft »ere three Days after the F^uU or Change, and that K'boutany perceptible Caufe in tliC Winds or Wea- b. I niult confcis we were ftartled ac it •, and fiiough foinc of us had obfcrved it in the Springs, : happened while we lay on the Sand to clean our S'lip, (as I have mentioned in my former Volume, intituled, A ncvo Vuyage round the li crlJ. Ch. XVI. G g ^ Pag: 97 111, '. i !■ M .1"' 'Mi V .1 f, ^ 98 Of Tides and Currents'. Page 471.) yet in that Spring that we dcfigrjc] ts haul olF, in order to be gone frotn thence, we didi all take more particular Notice of it thin in the preceding S^Miiigs ; for many had not taken noticfl of it before: And therefore the Major- part o{ tha (.'omp ly, fuppofing that it was a Miftake in ujl who made thofc former Obfc^rvations, expected to| haul off.the Shin the third Tide after thcChangf'n but our Ship did not float then, nor the next Tide neither, which put them al! into an Amazement, and] a great Confternation too : For many thought we Ihould never have got her off at all, but by digj ging away the Sand i and fo clearing a PafTageforl her into the Sea. But the fixth Tide cleared ;il thofe Doubts ; for the Tide then rofe fo high, as tol float her quite up ; when being all of us ready tol work, we haul'd her ofi^ •, and yet the next Tide was! higher than that, by which we were now all| throughly fatisfied, that the Tides here do not keep] the fame time as they do in England. This I mufl: alfo obferve, That here was no Ri- ver, nor I .agune, nor any other Indraught on thcl Land near us, that might occafion thefe great Tides}! tho' 'tis very probable that the great Rending be-j tween Nczv- Hoi land and New-iinhwa^ inay havebothl Rivers and Tagunes, which may caufe thefe greafi Tides ; or elfe there may be a Pafllige of the Seal between both Places ; as it is laid down in foiricl Draughts: Or if neither of thefe, there may beat] Icafl: a large and d^^ep Sound. This is the more probable, becaufe of the cxtraor-l dinary Flood that fets to the Ealt-ward in all thatl Sea, between Nnv-Holland^ and the Iflands lying] North of it, which we mofl: fenlibly perceived,! when we were near Neiju-Holland : And fiirli a Tide] AS this muft: of NecefTity have a greater Indraught] than barely a River or Lagune ; and 'tis the more] likely % Of Tides and Currents] likely ftilU ^^'^t this Tide Ihould have a Paflagc hrouc,h between New- Holland and New-Guinea^ or It leall a deep Sound there * bccaufe it keeps along ' L the Main, and doth not run in among the IQands 10 the North of it. And befides, the Northermoll promontory of Ntw-Holland flioots down ahiioll l„ the Line, which fcems to be a Barrier to it on Lit (ide ; therefore it may in Rcafon be fuppofe^l |o have its Puluige fome other way ; but of this jgucfs, I have laid enough. In the Streights of Malacca the Flood fets to the \H, and the Kbb to the Well. I have found the Tides at Malacca Town, to rife land hW about fix Foot on a Spring. I had the Ex- Ipericnce of two Spring-Tides, when I was Captain tM/«r/?i«'s Mate, as is before-mentioned in my Voy- lage from Achin to Malacca, On tliii Eaft-fide of the African Coaft, between Ithe Cape of Good Hope and the Red-Sea ; the Tide keeps its ronftant Courfe. The Flood runs to the Southward , the Ebb to the Northward. And at a Spring-tide in the Rivers on that Coalt, the Tide ri- les and falls iix Foot, elpecially in the River of ISIa- \k\ in Lat. 30 d. South. I have this Relation fiom Capt. Rogers, who is a very ingenious Perfon, and well experienced on that Coaft", and is now gone Commander of a fma'' I Veffel thitherto trade. Having already largely treated of Tides, I corns now tofpeak furncv/hat of Currents. 99 !' ''1 1 1(1 1 W^ '•(': ^'gg Currents V' 111 If ' . l!," ;* ! joo Of Tides and Current si Currents and Tides diiVer many ways j fop Tides run forwatrt, and back again, iwiJ every twenty four 1 lours : on the contrary Currcntil run a Day, a Week, nay, Ibinctimcs more, en] way : and then, it may be, run anotl»cr w.iy. In fome particular Places they run fix Month] one way, and fix Months another. > In other Places they ronftantly run one wayonh a day or two, about full Moon, and then they run llronp; againfl: the former Courfc •, and after that, re] turn the fame way again. In fome Places they run conftantly one way, and never fliift at all. The Force of Tides is generally felt near th^ She re •, whereas Currents are at a remote Dilhncei neither are the Elfe(^h of them fenfibly ilifcerned by the rifing or falling away of the Water as tholi of the Tides are ; for thefe commonly fee alonj Shore. 'Tis gcncrallv obferved by Seamen, that in al Places where Trade-winds blow, the Current isinj fluenccd by them, and moves the fame way witii the Winds; but 'tis not with a like Swiftiids in all Places i neither is 'c always fo difcernablc by us ill the wide Ocean, :is it is near to fonK* Coaft ; anj yet it is not fo difcernablc neither, very near anj Coad, except at Capes and Promontories, that far forth out into the Sea -, and about Iflands alfl the Kffcil^s of them are felt more or lefs, as theylyj in the way of the Trade* Winds. I fliall Inllance B.jrhiloes for one, and all thj Caribbec!-^ ni;iv iis well be included. Thi one, and all m Of Tides and Currents, The greater Iflands, as Hifpaniola^ Jamaica and Cuba have only fomc particular Capes or Hcad- Laiitls, cxpofcd to Currents, as Cape ^ibcroon on Hifj'nniola^ Point Pedro^ and the N. E. Point of Ja- niTMiy Cape de Cruz^ Cape Coricntes^ and Cape Auto* i\m on Cuba : But of all the Iflands in the JVeft-In- flirs there are none more fenfiblc of Currents than Coirijiio and Aruba^ nor any Capes on the Conti- nent fo remarkable for Currents as Cape Rotnan^ which Ihoots out againft the Sea, between thofe two Plates, as alio Cape Coquibaco and Cape La Vela to Leeward, all three on the fame Head-Land, which fhoots forth fiir, without any other Land on the Coaih There is no fuch Head- Land till you come to Cdpe Gratia de Dios^ which is about 260 Leagues to Leeward. Indeed to the Eaftward there is Liand that trends out almoft fo far, within 150 Leagues of it! {y'iz.) The liLmd Tnmdado and the Landagainll it i and there alio are great Currents. But I fhall firft fpeak of the Currents between Cape La Vela and Qdtc Gratia de Dios. The Currents at Cape La Vela do feldom fiiifc, therefore Ships that ply to Windward to get about it, do not ply near the Shore, but (land ofl' to Sea, till they come in Sight of Hifpamola, and then b;ick again, till within about fix or eight Leat^'ics ol the Cape, but not nearer. But in tne WedL-rly Wind-Sealbn, which is from Oil h^r till March^ Ships often meet Wcderly Wincis that "lalV two or three Days with which rhey may run to the Kail- vaid, without any Trouble. Between Cape La Vela and Cape Gratia de DioSy the Currents are much different from what they are againll the Cape : and this I'eems to proceed from i: Mi\ke ot the Land •, for the Shore between the G g jj 3 two lOI I;, it ( 1 a; ,' fr, iC. !' )•' 1 Ml f 3 i :l' ■I : r; ■ij.l'lll -' r 502 Of Tides 'and Currents., two Capes, runs into the Southward, making the great Bay : And this Bay aftbrds more Varieties of Winds and Currents, than any one part of tiie JVeJl'Indies befides. Here, in the Weftcrly Wind-Seafon, the Current fets to the V/ellward conliantly ; but fometimes ftronger than at other rinics. At about four Leagues off Shore, you find it-, and lb it continues till you are 20 25, or 30 Leagues off. Beyond that you -meet with an Eaflerly Wind-, andj if there is any Current it runs alfo to the Weft- ward : therefore Ships that are bound to the Weft-: ward, mull run ofi to Sea thirty or forty Leagues] to get a Wind, or elfe if they have but a little way} to go, they mull ply clofe under the Shore, that fo they may anchor when they pleafe: Otherwifd they will be carried away to the Eaflward, fourteen j or fixteen Leagues in a Night's time •, and that too, | though they have a faint Eafterly Wind, as fre- quently they meet with, though 'tis theWe(ler]y| Wind-Seafon. '. ■ ■' 1^11 -is, . \ To the Eaft of Cape Rojnan^ as high as tlie Idand ^Tr'inidadoy you meet only a foaking faint Current, fetting to the Weftward, except only near futh ph-l CCS as fhoot out farthefl into th^ Sea, as about the ^Tefiegps^ which are fmall Iflands lying to Wind-ward of the Ifland Margarita. Between thofe Iflands and the Main, you meet with a pretty ftrong Current: therefore it is hard getting to the Eaflward there ; but on all the Coafl, between Cape Roman and the | Head-Land, fliooting out towards the ^<^/?^^w, yoii may ply up with the Land and Sea-Brcezes. From thence, till you come as high as the hall- end of Triuidado IJle^ you meet with an extraorui najy ftrong Current, From Of Tides and Currents. From the Eall-end of frhiiclado, till you come to Surimm, though you meet an Eaftcrly Current, yet »tis pofllbJe to beat it up with the Land and Sea- Breezes. From Surinaifi alfo to Cape Blanco^ you may turn it up, though to be fure you'll meet with Currents fecting to the Weft ; except near the Full of the Moon j and then on all the Coafts before mentio- ned, we commonly meet with Currents, fetting to the Eaftward •, at leaft then it flackens and ftands ftill, if it doth not run to the Eaftward. But when you are come as far to the Eaft as Cape Blanco, on the North of Brazil^ you meet with a Current always againft you •, and fo from thence Southerly, as far as Cape St. Auguftine, There is no dealing with this Promontory •, for ir llioots out fo far into the Sea, and thereby lies fo ex- pofed to the Sea-Breezes and the Currents, that ibak down between Jfrka and Brazil, that it is quite contrary to Reafon to think there fliould not always be a ftrong Current fetting to the N. W. I have before hinted. That in all Places where the Trade blows, we find a Current fetting with the Wind, which is not fo perceptible in the wide Sea as nearer the Shores •, yet even there the Force of the Winds conftantly blowing one way, may, and probably does, niove the Surface of the Water along with it. From hence it maybe inferred, that the Souther- ly Winds on the Coaft of Africa, and the true Trade between it and Brazil, gently move the furface of the Sea with it, and the IVade being moftly at S. E. drives the Sea to the Northward, llanting in on the Coaft of Brazil \ which being there ftopp'd i] g g 4 by 105 'ill ' iii ■1 I '1 ( ' WW fl|l!!i|i \n 10+ Of , Tides and Current f. by the Land, bends its Courfe Northerly towards Cape St. Juguftine : And after it has doubled that great Promontory, it falls away more gently to- •wards the Coaft of Surinam -, and from thence to-, wards the JVeJl-Indies. For after it has doubled that Promontory, it has more room to fpread it felf, and thereby becomes weaker in Motion, being agi- tated by the Trade-winds, which to the North of the Line, we find commonly blowing at E. N. E. iind this (till bears the Sea flanting down along the Coail to the Weitward. And probably 'tis for this Reafon, that we find the Current fctting ftron^cft near thofe Head-Lands before-mentioned. Where- as at Barhadoes, and other of the Caribbee-Ifiands, we find only a foaking Current, fuch as fecms to arife only from the Conltancy of the Trade-winds blowing there, and ndt from an Original Current, from the South-part of the ^// or if they have, they are only Couiiter-Currcnts. And rhefc Counter-Currents too do iet Ironi one Point to another, without interfering wirh the littlf Bays between. And 'tis alio very probable that ui'^ic Counicr-Curients, fuch as we nK;et with in :hi.vBuy, in f"t dill to the Dio^ ; but in a Of Tides and Currents, |in their Seafons, aftef- they have fur rounded the JBay, and are got as far to the Eaft as Cape La Vela^ jwhecl off there, and turn about again with the jStream to the Weftward, like an Eddy in a River. From Cape Gratia de Dios the Current fets away |N. W. towards Cape Catoch^ and fo paffes away to [the Northward, between Cape Catoch on Jucatarty and Cape Antonio on Cuba. In the Channel between thofe two Capes, we com- Lonly find a ftrong Current fetting to the North- [ward : And here I have found them extiaordinary I ftrong. On the North-fide of Jucatan, as you pafs into Itlie Bay of Campeacby, you meet with a fmall foak- ing Current to the Weftward, even down to the bot- tom of the Bay of Mexico -, but on the North-fide of the Bay of Mexico the Current fets to the Eaft- ward: And 'tis probable that is the reafon, that the wmiardsy coming f.om La Vera CruZy keep that ijiore aboard. And 'tis as probable that the Cur- rent, which fets to Leeward, on all the Coaft from Cape St. Augujlinc to Cape Catoch, never enters the Bay of Mexico; but bends ftijl to the Northward, till 'tis check'd by the Florida ftiore *, and then [wheels about to the Eaft, till it comes nearer the Gulph's Mouth, and there joy ning with the foaking I Current that draws down on the North-fides of Itiifpanioia and Ciiba^ pafies altogether with great ftrength through the Gulph of Florida , which is I the moft remarkable Gulph in the World for its [Currents; becaufc it always fets very ftrong to the. North. Yet near the ftiores on each fide this Gulph, there are Tides, efpecially on the Florida fliore ; and Ships may pafs which way they pleafe, if they are acquainted. It has formerly been accounted very dangerous toniect with a North in this Gulph ; and for that Rcaibn our Jamaica Ships to avoid them, have rather chofeii lt}> l! I I i .\\ ',: ^vl' ih I mm i 1!v w 106 Of Tides and Currents. chofen to go to the Eaftward, and pafs through the Cacufes in the Seafcn that the Norths do blow. The. Cacufes are Sands that lye off the N. W. end of Im paniola. Thofe that went from Port-Royal in Jamkl had good Reafon for this ; for if a Nonh took thpmi at their going out, it would help them forward their way, which, fhould they have been goino lO^ wards the Gulph, it would obftruft them. The^ befides, if a North take a Ship in the Gulph, the Wind blowing againft the C"rrent makes an cxtra4 ordinary Sea, and fo thick :.ume the Waves one af] ter another that a Ship can't poflibly live in it \ yej of late they go through at all times of the Year] and if a North takes them in the Gulph, they puta] way right before the Wind and Sea, with a Ibalj Head-Sail ; yet the Current is then as flrong oj llronger then at other times •, and forces them back] Hern toremoll againft both Wind and Sea : For thol the furface of the Sea is raifcd in Waves and driveii violently with the Winds to the Southward, yet th^ Current underneath runs Hill to the Northward neither is it any ftrange thing to fee two diffcreni Currents at one place and time, the fuperfic':'.! Waj ter running one way, and that underneath runnins a quite contrary : For fomet'mcs at an Anchor, have feen the Cable carry i thus by two differeni Streams, the under part having been doubled ond way, and the upper part the contrary. But 'tis cerj tain, in all other parts of the World, the Currenj fhifts at certain times of the Year •, As in the Ea.'d Indies they i un from Eaft to Weft one part of th| Year, and from Weft to Eaft the other part : Ol as in the JVeft-hidies and Guinea^ where they ihiftonj ly near a Full Moon. This is meant of parts oj the Sea near any Coafl •, yet there are flrong Ciirj rents in the wide Ocean alfo, fetting contrary t(] th*" Rules before-going : I mean againft the Trade | but 'tis nor common. j, OJ Of Tides and C rrentsl On the Coaft of Guinea the Current lets Eaft, ex- Icept at or near a full Moon ; but to the South of "the Line from Loango^ to 25 or 30 d. the Current Ifetswiththe Wind from S. to N. except near the Full. To the Eaftward of the Cape of good Hope^ from ijod. South, to 24d. South, the Cui rents from M?y Itill 0^. fet E. N. E. and the Winds then are at W. S. W. o,r S. W. but from O^. till Maj^ when the Winds are between the E. N. E. and E. S. E. the Currents run to the Weft. Thefe Currents are thus found from 5 or 6 Leagues off the Ihorc to about 50. Within 5 [Leagues off the Shore you have the Tide, and not a Current ; and being pafl 50 Leagues off Shore, the Current either ceafeth quite, or is imperceptible. On the Coaft of India^ North of the J^ine, the Current fets with the Monfoon, but does not fhift altogether fo foon, fomctimes not by 3 Weeks or more, and then never fliifts again till after the Mon- foon is fettled in the contrary v/ay. As for Example, the Weft Monfoon fets in the middle of April^ but the Current does not fnift till the beginning of May. So when the Eaft Monfoon fets in about the middle (\[ September ^ the Current does not ^■\\hi\[\Oi:iober, In the South-Seas on the Coaft oi Peru, the Cur- rent fets from South to North, even from ^od. to the Line, and to 3 or 4 d. North of it. At the Gallapagos IJIands we found a foaking Cur- rent, not very ftrong, but fo ftrong that a (hip coald get very litrle by turning ; and 'tis probable that nearer the Main, they are ftronger becaufe of theconftant Southerly Winds. Tne moft remarkable Places for Currents in the kith-Seas ', are Cape St. Francis^ Cape Pajfao, Cape k Laurence and Cape Blanco. This laft has com- monly very ftrong Currents fetting to the N. W. ivhich hinders Ships mightily -, and the more becaufe itisr. very windy place j fo that many times Ships 107 :i^:r' ' n\ ) IS >'< 10% Of Tides and Currents, are not able to carry their Top-fails ; and then it ii but bad plying to Windward againft a Current. had not fo much Experience of the Mexican Coaftl becaufe we commonly kept within the Verge of thl Tides. But on the Coaft: of Guata?nala, in the Lad of 12 d. 50 m. and 13 d. we had a Current fettinJ S. W. and it is probable that there alfo the Currenl fets with the Winds. For, as it is before noted, thl Currents on all Coafts fets r's the coafting Trad does. And thus have I finifhed what my own Experi ence, or Relations from my Friends, have furniihej me with on this ufeful Subjeft of JVinds^ Tides^ Cd rcnis^ &c. which I humbly offer, not lis a complej nnd perfe(5fc Account, but as a rude and imperfeij Beginning or Specimen of what may belter be don by abler Hands hereafter. And I hope this i-nay ufeful fo far as to give a few Hints to direft t!ij jnore accurate Obfervation of others. Vj ''■■ { The ^jllswing Taprr, contatn'm^ a (Ijo'^t Dcfcnft'on of a pxrt of Afrid ry:at is not ivell knovpn fo Europeans, / thougf^^t would not i>e urJ leptabh to the curious Reader I have therefore amexU it. A itcelVil it from my ingemoH} Tntnd C;//;f. Rogers, iW/S » iWl ^orie to th:4t Flare: and hath been there fevtrai timet i/efore. 'T'HE Country of Natnl takes about 5 d. and half of La:, fioj N. ro S. King between the Lat ot 5« cJ. 30 m. Soufh af 'iS N. 'Tis bounded on the S. by a Counrry inhabited byj f.nall Njiion ot" Savage People, cailcJ by our Enjji']:^ W'Uvi Men, that live in Cavos and in Holes ot' P-ocks, and have no j thcr Hciufes but fiioh as arc formed by Nature: They are ot! low Siature, rauny-colour'd, wirh ciilped Huir- They are d counti-j very cruel to their Enemies. Their Weapons are Bo\| and Foiibnc-d Arrows. Thelc People hivr for th;'ir Kcig^'-^i' on thr S. the Hrtt.in'.ors. T)elhigOA is a Nuvij^abic Rivoi In Lit.: S. that bounds N.^t-U on th.- N. The Inhalntanr.3 of this Ri» have a Commerce with the Vortngm-fe ot" Mor.amttijt'.e, whoi 'ifir then in hnaii Eaiks, and traJ.e there for Kiephants Tc^ti \\\di ihey have j^reat F!«nty, Some /;»_^V//; too h.avc Ute.y l3 ere 10 purchase TceLh, particulaiiy Q^^z. l:'re:.l,. ;uil mr;::'J< w the ^^mmmi MMM Of Natal in Africk: iomy former Volume, Ch.i^ 5. P. f to. who after he had been m the River of Ddlagoa, and purchafcd 8 or xo Tun of Teeth, loft iis Ship on a Rock near Atadagafcar. The Country of Natal lies open to the Indian Sea on the EiH, but how far back it runs to the Weftward is not yet known. , That part of the Country which refpctfts the Sea is plain Cham- pion and woody ; but within Land it appears more uneven, by rca» (on oi many Hills which rife in unequal Heights above each other. Yft is it interlaced with pleafant Valleys and large Plains, and 'tis chcckcr'd with Natural Groves and Savannahs. Neither is there any want of Water; for every Hill affords little Brooks, which giidc down feveral v/ays; fome of which after ic/eral Turn- ings and Windings, meet by degrees and make up the River of Katal, which difchargerh it lelf into the EaQ'li^itlmn Ocean in the Lat. of 30 d. South. There it opens pretty wide and is deep fDOUgh for fmall Vcflels. But at the Mouth of the River is a Bar which has not above ten or eleven Foot W.ttcr on it in a Spring-tide J though within there is Water enough. This River is the Principal of the Country of Nucal. and has been lately fre- quented Ly fome of our Engiijh Ships particularly by a i'mall Veflel that Captain Rogers, formerly mcniioned, command<»d. There are alio other Streams and Rivers, which bend their Courfcs Northerly, efpecially one oi a conliderable Bigncfs about ICO Mile within Land, and which runs due North. The Woods are compofed of divers forts of Trees; many of which arc very good Timber, and fit for any ufcs, they being tal d large. The Savannahs alfo are cloathcd with kindly thicic Grifs. The Land-Animals of this Country are Lyons, Tygers, EIc- fhints, Buffaloes, Bullocks, Deer, Hogs, Conies, c^f. Here arc »lfo Abundance of Sea Hoi ks. fiuH'aloes and Bullocks only arc kept tame, but the roll are ail wild. Elephants are fo plenty here that they feed together in great Troops; 1000 or 15-00 in a Company; Mornings and Evenings I they arc feen gra'dng in the Savannahs, but in the Heat of the Day, they rctiw into the Woodsr, aid they are very peaceable if Inotmolcfted. Decrs are very numerous here alfo. They teed quietly in the iSivannnhs among the tame Cattle, for they are fcldom di- |llurbcdby the Natives. Here are Fowls of divers forts; fome fuch a*" we have in "Eng- IW, viz,. Duck and Teal, both tajne and wilJ : and plenty of Cocks and Htns. Bcfides Abundance of wild Birds, wholly un- I known to us. Here are a fort of large Fowls as bic^ as a Peacock, which liive many fine coloured Feathers. They arc "try rare and Hiv. There 109 ri i, hi k :ii II ' P If i ; '1. !■'' J > ■'"I. no Of Natal in Afiick. There are others like Curlews, but bigger. The flcfli of (|,t|'. is black, yef fweer aud wlioUlbme Meat. The Sea and Rivcis alfo doahound in FiPiof divrs Sorts; vcttlle^ Natives do but leldom endeavour to rake any, except Tortoifes; and that is chiefly wlun they conic aflioie in the Night to lay their Eggs. Though *hcy have alio another very odd way, which thevi ibmetimes make uie or to catch Turtle or Tortoifes. They take! a living lucking Fifh or hemority and i'alining a rouplcoF Itrir.-^tol ir, (one at the Head and the o:her at the Tail) they let tlic ri!:kiii»| Fifh down into the Water on the Turtle Grounci, among the halF.I grown or young Turtle: and when they find that the FUli hatjj faftned himfeU" to the bac'' of a Turtle, as he will foon do, rheyl Tu'tle up rof^ether. This w.:y of hlUiig Country are but of a middle Stature, yetj The Colour of their Skins is black; theirl are o\ "iraged: their Noles neither flatnorl then draw hir and rl (as I '. "ve he'T, -si The Natives ct Jiave very g( >d : Hair crifped; the) this high, but very well proportioi cd : their Teeth are white, and theirl Afpcdt is altogether graceful. They are nimble People, but very lazy: which probably Is fori want of Commerce. Their chief Employment is Hushandrv,! They have a great many Bulls and Cows, which they carefuiiyl look aiteri for every Mau knows his own, though they run alll promifcuoufly together in their Savannahsj yet they have Pens nearl thnr own Houfes, where they make r ;m gentle and bring themf to the Pail. They alfo Plant Corn, and fence in their Fields to kefpj out all Cattle as well tame as wild. They have Guinea Corn, which! is their Bread j and a fmall fort of Grain no bigger than Muftard- fefd, with which they make their Drink. Here are no Arts nor Trades profefled among them, but everyl one makes for himfelf fuch Necefl^aries, as Need or Ornament re{ quires, the Men keeping to their KrDploymenr, and the Women tol theirs. The Men build Houfes, Hunt, Plant, and do what is to bedonsj abroad. And the Women Milk the Cows, drefs the Victuals, ej-J and manage all Matters within Doors. Their Houfes are not greatf nor richly furnifhed; but they are made clofe and well thatchdJ that neither Winds nor Weather can hurt them. They wear but few Cloaths, and thofeextraordinavy mean. Thd Men go in a manner naked, their common Garb being only afquird piece of Cloath made with Silk-Grafs, or Moho'RinJ, and wroughtj in form of a fl ort Apron. At the upper Corners it has twollrapsj to tye round their Waftes; and the lower-end being finely fringe!^ with the fame hangs down to their Knees. They have Caps made with Beef Tallow of about 9 or 10 Inches high. They are a great while of making thefe Caps: tor th^ Tallow mull be made very pure, before 'tis fit for this ufe. Bei.desI they lay on but a little ar a time and mix it finely among theHjiril sad fo it never aftcrwat d.^ comes olf thcix Heads. When thev gol a mi i ■ ■|v 'jji^|!'»' Of Natal in Africk. TII li'.jntir.}*, whicli is but feldom. they pare off ^ or 4 Inches from llhTtopof it. that 10 it may lit the ihuggcr ; but the next Day they jUin to build it up again, and fo they do every Day til] 'tis of a [totnt and falhionahle height. It would be a moft ridiculous thing for a Man here to be fcen Li':hout a Tallo -Cap. But Boys arc noc luffcrcd to wear any, hili they come Maturity; anvl then th^y begin tu build upon Itticir Heads. T Women have cr'y fViort Petticoats which reach Ifrom the \^^afle to the Knc- When it Rains the cover their iBoclies with '-■ imple Cows-hide» thrown over tueir Shoulders llik- a Blanket. "He commc u Subfiftence of thefc People is Bread made of Guinea jCorn, Beef, Fifh, Milk Du"k-, Iit.js, Rggs, ^r. They alfo drink Millcotten to quench their Third: and this fomctimes when it is liwcet, but commonly they let it be lower Hrft. Bdides Milk, which is the common Drink, they make a bet- itcr Ibrt'^f the lame Grain before mentioned, purpofely to be merry I with. And when they meet on fuch Occafic^n^, the Men make tbemfelves extraordinary fine, with Feathers ftuck into their Oaps [very thick. They ijiakc ufe of the long Feathers of Cocks Tails, jjndnoneelfe. Belides ihefe Ilead-Ornamcnts they wear a piece of Cow-hide, Imadc like a Tail, and 'tis faftened behind them as a Tail, reach- ling from tncT Wallc to the Ground. This piece of Hide is about Inches br ad, and c "h lide of it is adorned with little Iron [Rings of their own making. When they are thus attired, their Heads a little intoxicated y the Mulick playing, they'll .-^kip about merrily, and Ihake jtlicir Tails to fome purpofe; but are very innocent in their [Mirth. Every Man may have as many Wives as he can purchale hi nuinrain : And without buying here are none to be had : [miiher is there any other Commodity to be bought or fold but [Women, Young Virgins are difpofed of by their Fathers, Brothers, or [nearcft Male Relations. The price is according to the Beauty of [tlie Damfel. They have no Money in this Country, but give Cows in |«change for Wives: And therefore he is the richell Man that i moft Daughters or Sillers j for to be fure he will <- 't Cattle jtoough. They make merry when they take their Wives; but the Bride [tfiesallher Wedding D-y. They live together in fmall Villages, [indthe oldeft Man governs the reft; for all that live together in Vi lagc are ;j-kio, and therefore willingly fubmit to liis Go- I'frnment, 41 •i ■ f! They .4:r- '4' QM ,12 0/ 'Natal in Africk. They are very jufl: and extraordinary civil to Strangers; TkiJ was remarkably experienced by two Englijh Seamen that lived J jnonp them five Years j their Ship was call away on thcCoift] and fhe reft of thrir Conforts marched to the River of DW/4|)j| but they ftayed here till Captain Koptrs accidentally came hi'hti and took them away wi'hhim: They had pained the Languai of the Country: and the Natives freely pave them Wives and CowJ too. They were beloved by all the People, and fo muchrcverencci that their Words were taken as Laws. And vvhcn they came! away, many of the Boys cried becaufe they would not takethetnl with them. FINIS. i m 1 NT> El\ A General INDEX T O Dampier's voyages. Vol. I. and II. liVii^t, That in this 7;;^/^?^ the fcvcral Parts of the Work arc thus diitinguilhed : lO. Refers to Voyage rouud the World \ or Vol. I. \i To the SnppJeuieut of the Voyage rouud the Worlds or Vol. II. Part i. |C.To the Campcjchy Voyages; or Vol. IT. Part 'ii pV. To the Diicourlc of the JVinds^ &c. or Vol. II. Part ^ I Any Figure that has not one of thcfe Capital Let^ UTS immediately prefixM, is to be ta'.^cn as re- ferring to that which goes ncarelt before it. \i Signifies Defer ibed^ whether wholly, or in part. ACuplco, its remarkable Lciad, d. O. r^\\, the T. Port anJ Caftle, J. t44, 6, 7. ics Trade and Courlc of it, C. izf. O. Acapulco Sliip, its Courfc, O. 24f, 6. aff. 160. 2S5. 290, r. 'fi.^bjjS, 9. and why, zSo.aimcdat by thePnvatftrs. 244. ij-f ; 1;. jSp.but mift, 260,303,584. like to be loll on a ShoaJ, 303.. |;Sf taken by C^vendiJJ}, 26u. Accomptants, bad and good, S. 137. Aclmr's, Pickles what and v/hcre, O. 391. S, 129. Achb, Kingdom, d. S. no, (^c. its Rains and Floods, 148, (}. S".'UVinds, VV. 49, the Road, and Ifliiids, and Channel lying orf i'. 'i- 121, 2. 3, O, 476. the Soil .md Vegetables, S. 113. j»^. I f :d ii ii; 1 '1 ■' m:i;mJ' ii ; • I f! General I N 7) £ X. i8<. O. 391. Animals, S. 117, 8. O. jn. Malnynn Fnhaliitantj, d.S: 118, 9. their Fcitures, Habit, c^r. ih. Arts and Tradu, ijo, /. Proc's, O. 47 fi and Coirc-Cahlcs, ipf. their (^vru, Suiit;, 'amj Weights, S. MI, 2. Mahometan /.earning and Religion. O. ^;;o. ;?4.j. S. 137, 8. 148. 180. r.aws and Puninimcnt', i^j], ^_ ,,,' Government by a j;^/otanius. ^gualix Wood, what and whence, S. S. Ague, the A. taken with one, O. iff. where frequent, 334. Air i^ood, whcicand when, O. 63. 108. 1H6. iiH. 197 197- ;j', Su:- f32,4, 8.S. 31. bad, where and when, O. if 3. ii»6. 221 S! S. i3o. bad where there arc Gold Mines, O. if 5, ipf phurcous, when, 151. Sick Men die coming from Sea to Land Air, 1 13. Aibicore, Fifli, where, W. ff . Aicranei, liland, c/. their Bulhes, Rats, and Birds, C. 24., j-, 6.4;, Seals, (), 90. Alfores, Mwhnixris.. ^. O. 32f. their Wars, J2f, 337.444. Algatranc, a Ibrt cr Tar, nariei inukcnid k'.cp up their Profcly res, S. $><». Lignum Atoes, whence, S. 8. C.AluVela, if. Wind:;, V.'. ■jf . Alrars of Idoh, where and wliar, O. jpiS. 411. $. \%. AlvarAilo \\. T. I'ort, Kiflicry, Trade, and Commodities, a. C 4^ izj,4, 6, 8. 130. taken I7 Privateers, 124, 8. its tine Parroti, a8, 9. AmifalhG\i\]^h,d. O. lai, x, 4, j-, 8. its Tides, W. 9<5.Town5, 0.112, 3, 6. AihApalh, I. r/. O. 122, 4, f, 8. Amlicfrricfc, where found, (). 72,5, 4. 477. where a profiti- Me Trade ro bcdrive.i h)r it. 480, i. a large ['icce ot" it, d. 73, 4. jounj ;ilu)vc Hi(/h- water Mirk, ib. and with Beetles in it, li, CountLT^e't, wliLic and what, 72, 3. 477. W. f+. Anwrtcu its Uri'c/.cs, W. 3^-. and Savannahs, O. 87. its Diftancc from /liiit rcckon'd too great, 288. from Africa too lictlc, xSy, Plan'ains, now citccin'if tlicrc, and vMicrc founds 313, 4, $• P*^"- tiins and lionano's usd there as Bread, S. 23. Blood wood and Stock wood, its natural Growtli, C. f/. Tobacco of the Vl.tUipliims pnablv from thence, O. 333. its Savages Icfs fo than rcporccd, ifSf. ddirous of Tr:'dc, S. 116. Paint thcmfcives, O. SIT- ^"'i wwrSkms nadily, f3y. {c€ Atlantick SeA, SonthSea, North Amerin, Seals there, O. 90, and where none, tb. fee Ca- Ij'sma, New-England, tVe/l hultes, Ifthmus^ Mvxico, Virginia. 'tmx\\ Americi, its Wert Courle generally Rocky, O. 90. its Fifli and Seals, th. its Rock Fifli, 91 . and Snappers, 16. its CoaUingTradc-> v/iiid broader than the African in the fame Latitii'ic, and why, W. ' 7S, 9. where the Coafl: makes like that of Gnwea^ and what the Etos of ky 80, I. Blooms or hot Blafts thence, O. f 29. I'ec An- it!, hrazH, CJjilt, T. dd Fuec^o, mfl Indies, Peru. Amoy (Anha) in China, its Trade great, 0,417. and f\rc, 418. Anarra (Otra) a Dye, where and what, O. 226, 7. C. 7. nj. how us'd hy Indians, ib. more valuable than Indiso, O. 217, 8. Price of it, 2:7. an Advantage in it Aipt, 227, 8. Anchorings, where .and what, O. 46, 8. yf, 7. 77, 8. 8r, 4. 91, 6. loo, 9. I lo, 3, 9. i2f, 8. 132, 3, 4, 6. 144, f,,448.4f4,8..}.63,4 r. S. 4, 9. 10. 12. 13. 123. if4» 7.9. 171, 4. C. 16. 18. 19. : 6, 9. 30, 2. 44, f. >-o, ». loi . n8. I2J-. W. 24.34. 5-6. good .,1 Shoal Coads, O. 421, 3> 4' f« bdon bold Coalls, or where Cliifs and Rocks, tb. fee Haibour^s Roads. Anchovy, a pickled FiHi likeir, where, S. 27. JMwjan's \ fland s, O. 476. [ A 2 j • -sSa-"*^ i i. i' ^ it 4 K r It 1' 1 1 r ■;l ■ft 5". General I N T> E X, .Andes, M.e.of C/;;7;\ Peru {Sierra Nucvada des Andes) the Inpt J, 8. Shy Turtle, O. 449. Aicsl. (I. O. 49, ^0. D'Eflrees Shipwreck there, i^. C. St. Auguflin of Brazil, why hard to double, W. 9. 103, 4, ;•« C. St. Auguflin of Florida, its Pcarl-Oyftcrs, O. 173. C. St. Auguflin of Madxgafcar, the Cygntt funk there, O. f 1 1. Avogato-Pear, ^/. O. 103. Tjta AuflrMss incognita, Dilcoveries how to be made there, O, tfi, I. an Ifiand of it ('as (upposdj fcsn by Captain D.ix;«, »^. fee N. Hollvad. The Author, lee Dampier. Axes, what and where us'd, O. 332. much valu'd by Indians, O. 485, 6 C. 41. fee Hatchet. y^y», d. 141, J. where us'd, ib. and for wh.jr, 143. 114. for linfjle Men, and where Uo'd, 143. 189, d. 58. ice Cawmm.}. h.irks, f-e .Shippin;^. Bark tor Taiin:nL', O. f4. Ji.^rlaicr.to Fleet, itsProgrcfs, luTV'jn. Sec Gj.tr I. Grafton I. Mo-imouth I. Or E X. Ant- Bears, fee Ant. Beards of the C,(//«p/>, O. 407. where none, 41^4. of Tortoifc- cil, n. Beafts, where none, O. 31. none of Prey, 30*. Track of one i^^.HollanJ, 463. in the VVootis of Nlcob^ir, 483. vtnenious one ji-raGunno, 321. 391, fee Alligators, U.. Ante (Mountain-Cow) irri;!: . its Lance- Wood, 0. 118. Blood-Wood, d. O. I ij-, C. ^7, 8. See Cam- Wood. Blooms or Hot-Blalls, v/Iicre, 0.5-29. W. 47. Boats, what, where- and how ufed, (X 2. 291, S, 9. Pond, 49. Water-breeding Leg-Worms, C 90. how its In.iiuisgi't hire, O. 466. bonano's, a fort of Plantains, e. iccfe, Sea iiuUs, He- an of War- Bird, I Panakitcs, Farrjt.-, try (Dun^^^hil-Fov/i', '. Teal. Tro^ick Uiids, •oduLl, O. 4*1. Si> liow its laJiii-isget )rink made ofthtm. Cer'/rr^/ / iV 7) £ A^ )C) ''I' Meat ./. O. len ?\IJ 'J- v/hi.'ie 'J Bo;) s iTu'icr; C). ^,<_; 7. : , 4., 7, o. 4J-. 6y. cuuilc Pttcd, J.f' 01 uirs. a; i1 ci'tn, )-;b. clioi;: I. ;i Le;rc.' tuuii i/^ 7;;'.' ih Coaf}.^ 4 A/rt t-'V'* iio if Tun t:. O. : c.c, ;oj )-o4. ) O'.V Au- (?/..'/; i'o«4, O' I g. .ui' King o lout \n Kiiv'd' m Iv '., /.;/.■»■», u.e l •r. i:^. J.O. vjo. 7. ^^i i^* I. tiid Kiriirdoiii, and ' -U 4>-5 4, irs J'roi'.ii^, .)<•)" Ki'ginl People, *^ +i-.f. f, ^. 7, S. miliv;.: and iilhlvj Iii',.iiH.!c!s, 4)6'. B.iy wirii dou'jic Rows or Tec. h, .j-r;, S. ihy Tvi'Lu:, 4. ,-3, ice C.i.ii\.<^u[img. Bn'vs a;: i Arro^v;, v/hci.«' us'd, S. 71. V ■>. B' xcs, hrkci'd tor Chinnm. .s. )•+ > > ic.il ;.ei n tor Cavtsgc';, ). I. O ou.'ie iiiitl-.a Cuii" ii.l v'cailicr, <^. ii-i, i, Br.iz.ii, appc^ac'i d iu E. ln.l.t, Vi |\V. o. irs U'liid . n, 10. 19. i;,, B'tf'.d, tincCaiiC; -"^ 'i, O. 410, 9. I'iuuains lyc. vvliore us'd is li.iVCV, ;Bc.J (,). II. S. iVcCor-., F ^vh'^'i.' ' ■)• . r.r : >Tc'orv, Si2o. a k '.v'ltrt.-, O. 4.^4, Ilr.v.v iU!C and T te a, \»'I ero,:nd h nvv f :n.*s vv Kl- n..l \v:i.;r, B.fu; brec'/.'-;;, fir pnio i'^ V/iri> Brcmcs, wiici-e, O. 221, ( '\ ■6. .;; > -96, 7. .0. c. fl' rfir'its, ' inztiypt. J. y\i >T.S O P I. )"■ !■ ncro Lx-avc.-, O. i rj. hnc.Viiirs, fee Piiv:tc-erf. //:/;. of l;:^(c. er< r, rvi i il to ;. lur. III.IW^o. 2.-Z. -2: h:-ffubr , N.()ck and Spoiir, »/. O. 2::.!, Buir |:ck.'C, a Pi.mtaip.-i'udJ.ii.'', O. Eutlji ^ T- s, OS. vviitic?, ' . ?2,o. 5,-9. :56j, :;S" 3iJ. a.T if. J50. I 27, ^J . iS I. d 1"' t. o :'■ ; a ui au: iv.:.c 1. then lides l)ou ti'tir M;k, il. S. i.|/). C. 'ac-j\inuiL.i taciec o, 4rb, ^>.4io, Bat'.cr ot" bu^' ••// "■J-- h'U wtv loS. i)«u.;!Pw«. 3 Name r.^r Gold, wl-.ere. 0.4,^1. fi?. a Moral like I Goiu . lo wncrc and and t 42.0. 7.4^1, .}^ 9- ■? ot 11,426. ir v.ngs, 427. 4^ '. 2., 9. li.. .'mkins, Warn \'clli'is, O. r. liai.iUli'd. 42.7, 8, 439. Buns. TOu! iiMonir, wIutj, C .\9,. Bi]rroii\V( ud, '.', WlivJ! le and \v'':y O. 432. (se ri.inis Encmits to the i/i<»n'. fee Botaon T. Callico's, cJimts, ^r^. where and hoT*/ a Commodit/, 0. r'.)'. 55V 579. S. 61. i?4. Cjlrr:-, a Prclagc ol Storms, O. 415. 4^1. \\ Cah-;! between S. and I,. Brcj7.es, W. 27. 41. C nnd whenudjii, \^'.6.8. 9. 11. 14. 20, ^ f, 7 2. 79. Si , 120. i5f. 40c. 415, f. 44b. 4f I. S 61, f^.'', 9- ■ 21. Cal.-n^wiicreJ mr'' i •■■ 'fie A.U.^ 'i-i- ' ■^^•' . C.iw'"''''*' Ar^^ S. t46, where lit: o. 2t. ci. 4,f, 5vc. ;;: .'ommodifv', 0. i\)\\ General I N 7) E X. Cawhdia, Kingdom, V'omcn pinHitiired rlicic-. O. :;9f. it; Ido'j, ^i)j. Produd and Trai]( , 399.400, j. S. lof. a pioKuaMe one to !"chaclthcre, 3. unci !iow, 102, ;. Coi^ and Point (). 599. lll.inds vingoH: it, 389. 390. fee ?.Lo/Jore. P. (7iy. Jliver, tl. i>, 1®/, 6, 7, I'iralfs routed thence, i^. Cam chain, and C/jm-quir, Oranf^c?, d. S. 25, 4. Caml>eiichy [CuMpeaclje] Bay and Countiy.Corilfj r..:!p;iines, Rivers, Towns.o'i^.i/.O. S7.424..C.16, 7.41 to f3,f, 6,8. 79.^3,^.91,3,4. ioi,7,S. I ID, r, 7 to 121, its Bounds, 16. 42. 123. W. 32.4. Soil, C. 42, 5-6, 8, 9. Weather, S. 32. W. 82. C. ff. l.andlioods, S, ;f. C. fj-. So, I, 2. 91, 2, 3. 108,9. »^i- W. 67. Storms, ^^i, 7, C.'b'o, I, 2. Fidi kill'd by them, (). 5-24. W. 68. Wind:, i)-. 32. |, ,-. Tides, 92. its Vegetables, O. 5-9. 62. loi. 113. 15-2. 166. ::3. 235-. 1(^3. C. 43, 6, 8, 9. 5-0, 6, 7 , H. 79. Ry. 94, j-. inj,. ^,9.1)1. 2,5. (t^Loj^wood, Mangrovesjk'affs, Jn!c.62.C. 17,8, 42, :;,c, 7. S. fo, I, ?, 4, 6, 7 80, 8. 96, 7,8. I It; !o iTj-, 8, 9. 120, ;, 2. Uf, 6. Ship- Worms, O. 363. Carricis tnere, 119. 121, ?.. Piiva- tcers, 43> f, (1, 7. yo, i, ^, 4. make Slaves of the Jndiun Inhabi- tants, 43. Thelc inlbltcd by the Spaniurds, 42. ii-^. an! t'\jvy\ their Nci;roes, 116. yet the Vi]!a^jrr> hve comfortably, O. 124. C, Hi, 3, f. Till no more Land than inrrly for tiuMr .'JubliiUncc, 119, moff of the Towns confift of them, 1/0. tlicir {'V,od anC' Drnk, 43. d. 113. Cioatfiing, .\/i. 114. Govcrnmenr, Fmploy- meiit, Marriages, Churches, M'aincrs, it 2, 3, 4, f, 6. ,j.2, 5, 7, fe. Logwood cutters, Spaniard., (for particular I'iactsj ihc M.p, C. I. Q-mfcsichyT. Fo% Buildings, Trr'dc, v\\ Spaniard;, C. 12, 9. :o. 42, 3, 4. ^. 4r, 6. 113. raken by Privateers, 45', 6. 96. 11 ., Log- Wood call'd tlienre Palo de Campeachy^ <^6^ 7. Qmphire, wiience, S, 128. Cim Wood, for Dying Red, O. Ciuales I. d. C). C. 58. 2 I 3- Caneo I. O. 2 i j". Canes, how us'd, S. 29, for v/r;;k!ng, wlicrc, 17R. ;:nd hn\T growing, O. 380. a Commodity, wixx^S. 167. 178. lev Baiv.bu's, i'Uttaiis. dnibals, whether any in the World. O. 485". Stories «jf rheni retuted, tb. Inhbitanr. of the Illes of Cantbti'S (Canor.:^ Trade whEuropeam, tb. hurt don^ by th'.-m, bat why, 48-7, 6. Cinoa .s what, where, and how us'd, O- 2. "^f. fi^. S. 4. n^. i;ovv made, O. 214, 5-, bv wild Indians, 8)-. floating fu!; of W'a- ter, C. 12. hunting in Canoa'?, where and how, C. Si. fee Rjats i^'i^MVith Outlayer>, d. O. 480, 1. 492. f, 6, 9. fee ?roc's. [ B 2 J ' ^-ca 'ii lii ii'i b I II* ^1 •I CiTcrd T N © /:: X, w' CIC, I I i.ut.icn (.'i'v 'Mill I'K'V, ot (:khii%y i^r. j;r nr Trails, O. ^r-_ /;^ I'ouU;., 4I''. I Ai».iV.'.uc iv.;ji!c <.r a C-I,;v 'luic, 4!y. r.ouii!. ( A.,of T.'l Cariarci!'. ^'a\A\. jr., (i'-u'' K'Av. air' I'lc 5I'', 9 ■t* 1 ■ 4. iir. Pou .ui \ ; iiO T 'uuc;, It. >• f It- >^/' i (leu i t :;n; ; ""'i. C. iii. ikvu bif liifd, (.>. 61. ii \\ -.iicis, V . i>', 37. ill} ai.il fcv H' , t). 63. 'A'cu'hcr, /r \ •f v 2. t'-c 1-,. /• it" ,ra I .A! C fi'.s ; y n )ta: }■; (.. \-.f>. 1,0 A, C'JV ti.fr.c-:' ;i> w.cl-i AUr:l.,0. 4^4 5-. C^oiufii <.-ic) :>i.a Co^i Ulf, n. 6i 3' 4- :ir'. . !;!■;• ;ir /.. ' r. r r- <•> or I^ G- * - ■ , V '-' • r^ r/-J . IK/. 1 2 J . I ?,,! I 47. I .[y 17 I , to I (' uiitx o'r^ii, (). ^6 '.< 40 1 (.'. liC. V c^.. ( ■^/ C>:/,P(\ whv fLiiiil /.(f!V,7r,iiu.iA Lurui, 'fr'O.iiiK St.Vt-.cut (l.nii.n li.ui.thi (>'' tiic Ccn ;hciit. their I<.(>vin;' ::t -la, at rirzt <;, W. 40. t V < .art ii'erii* Lr;-'-7.'.', i'*; Piooucf, 0. ^ ?. i;. '■ Pi. C. I:;. T;.vc, <>. 4>-. f .orrci'j'OuJcnf. c xvitli L"»'» L-unU. iH, 4. C'Duric <>r the A>->7hi.!.% ar.J /)'urt.i%i7;;i* licc: ti.crf. 48T. ('. 116. a t:!ir City, orcn r > tlit; Sea, f>. 41. Cirt.y.^.m Brcze, a. VV. 44, f, 6. a Pinrcrfo cal.\!, lif. r u IC 1 W7i(> l(f :u.l:. 131.2 ■i.y.o fi c: ; e.i ( .acqti,) '.': c Chitf ofan ^. h, (i. 4;'-;, 6. Cli-, 2o O. i.(j. J If;, ;iO, I, 1, .^ai llt>li \„i(iW;-, li C. . I'l-s Wdicriy V.'irds, ■7v.', i"; Pioi.'ucf, 0. 'OiiJ.ci)ri: wiiii Li'"* r.d U,irin%mt* licc! ■■0, f ). 41. u cal.'ii, /^. i:c cf -r, -X, SG ff CjO. ii+;8. C. n:, M43. General I N T> E X. C.i\'- where, (). Til. S. 2/. cjtcn, 30, i. Tyjcr Cat, f cTy.cr. Cii-ilV, :. 4 '^^ '7 «..<''. ''J?. C. t...;(7^^ in JurAt.iu, :i8. 231. 4.(1. 416. kill'd by WuiJ:, W. yo. (.'.//; , a V u;r''. N. 1 -z, (;/,•./-' "flui/// Mill, / O, :6ij. (.1^ Ji:c^ F-ifli. wfifio, (). 311. S. li*?. C 71. Sir /; Cavn.ilfh, his raking tiie Aiabiilco Ship, O. 160. lil» CullH n;' Womi, d. O. a^^p^ x. where fbutid, /^. S. If. L. 64. O'.iqHip atie fa.Hy ,Si. I. lis ( ii- ,n'(,ri, {). 417. n Lf ' r-c \\. (>.. (js ionr down it, 0» 25, 7. iSy, C . I "ir-c u \i, vvhc c, (). ^19. I.-. .-*.:;/. .,0 T. and il. ^'. C). 3 70). l.r.mtt'y \i\z' near tV T'^"*. of Cunctr, . 4.10. likcli- ' 'iH . • a i;ood TiH^ i^'H'W, v's. ^ Men-, oi it, 102, 3, Liuli- . fn'r/iirants ^ 4orv their Charactcir, 401, thvir Amu, Vcf- •!illSkli,l ill "N^i.^, hO-, t';o I. \- ao djin-i}:i.C' li,: i i \'a-, ^ 6, J, I'.' ) ':i n>.;^e-ih-i.i> U 'j'l-rr.t, S. 7. (. i' ui' R.ai:dT. J. C.47, 3. f ..;r;'^'' •, Wi'ul r.i ■! \"hoi'-, (), 33.43. f f, 7 • ^2. 97. 110.9. ! ;, f 'JO. 1 V"'. If I. I6'9. I7f, ■> 7. l-I^. i93,.j. 201^. ?. 13, )-, i4','i. :.'Ji. ?.,'i. 37;-^, o. 3^0.406.43(1. ^ry. 4'^o. S. 9, 10, II, 1'!; no. %ii. ifK. (.:. 1^, -;. 30. fo. 123. W.pr, 2, 3. fi«jjA/iJr L;.;'i ii'-h iru.a" Tv't -, 0*. aiu: noli regular, yi, 7. ('. j« 'U-a, V' he c fr>.*r]\i, O 4c 9. S. 31.41. Ice Tv.a, < h.utnht^^ a P'l.i fhii'^.it, S. I 3S. ■ ■/ T. in f'v.- ;,7.4.yy«s ircirptcd by Pri'.Mtccr'Tj O. 180,5. ■ , . -^'.i/o U. ?. I, >. 2 0?. J-. 7. 204, f. (•!.'c in ViV.vui? {\.hiaiii) its Corhincjj, 0, zzj. Mounhins, ,ii' 11 hi " 1^1 , _.N h ' :\ii ■)'\ General 1 N T) E X. Cheeaf^eqtif K. tl C, 118. Chcclc, w'iitrc, 0. ifo. where littx of it made, Hf. Chepeiio I ^/. O. aoi. Chfcfuvtan, d. O. 249. Cherbni\^, fL't Sherboro. CiuMrtn, IiowcJucattJnml employ M O. ', 8. ■♦^o, 1.4^2,1 Dutiful t) Tarcnrs. 432. civi! to Smnger-., 4:^5. W. m. held nu-^ totnovc Srrniigfrs llounts. O. 435. iuid by PartiHs, S. jj, g.jo, and gam'd uway, 42. a witry raid adive uiic of Moflefa, 0. 14^, 2^0, I. Chtclixoctil \\rhcrr, C. 2J. C/)/7/, it5Hip;!i L.mJ. (). 9), f. 41';. foe /Inilcs, No Raiii'. li, rirr Rivers of Note, //a nor any Pcirnn-al, but caus'd by Rainj within LinJ, yf, 6. ib. S. -f. \V. 79, bo. its quiet Sea. 0. y.^. deep, and why, 425. itsRock-fidi, 91. See Vent. Sec i)»i/><(;i/(, j^u/jw Fernando' s I. (Juafcc, Cpqfin)ihu, and C/;/.op I. r.-; Timber, a Ct)inniodiry, C). 140. C'hins of I'c 'ple, Huirt. where, (), 32. China, itsS. 15ordrr3, vS. iS. 20, i. 64,6. low Anchoring Coad, 0.42r. ^'. U). itsVViiuis. VV. 17.23. and Storms, 71,5-. Sec Tul- foons, Ctood Stnges tliithcr, O. 394. S. 103. Chinvfe iubjcd to the 7'.i>/.m, O. 406, 7. 417, 421. who force them to tut tr.cr Hair, 407. which they dole upon, tb. S. 42. and rebel upon ir, O. 407. 421. and flic their Country, S. 7. 42. of ihclc Pyratc;, vvheic, 106,7. hLvnlU threarned by \\\t: Chmife, O. 331. their Jonks where, and what, 396, 401. 417. S. 16. d. O. 401.411, 3. parted like Well-Boats, 412. their Sails at and Marts, 411, -^.Cui- tom of nie.iluring flr;;ngc Ships, O. 3^4. Wrecks Dt / .'V.iM, 4of, 6. Tlieir Mticlirnts and Tride, how and wlicrc, 3:). 383, 7, 8. 417. S. 8. 10. If, 16. 36. 65-. 134, 6, 7, 8. 1(11. bcnr upon ir, ij-, 136, 7. 162. Cafli or Coin, 88. Chma Camp cr Fair, where and what, 136, 7, 8. Accomptants, wiitre, O.360. Mecha- oicks, S. 136. 167. Manufaiffures and Employments, circ. 0.403.9, ChmaDifJjeu >kc. made of what, /Z>. a Commodiiy, vheie, S. 65. their C'hopliicks, 84. l^rinks, leeTivr, Satn Jhtt, Hoc-fJju. Fans v.d tJrubrclio'2, O. 407, S. their Perionages, J. Hair of Head aid Beard, linall Ejes ai:d Habit, 406, 7, 8. 426. Ingeny, 4v,9, 10, CuRoms, 407, 8. 9, are fobcr, S. 137, but love Gaming unmcatu- nh;v, 42.\36. 162. C). 409, 10. and hang themlclvcs when a.: :s lufl, ;ji . their Keligion, hideous Idols, o^c. 396, 7. 411, u. S. $•9. Rer.egado, where, 13S. Chirjefc Language, how Ipokcn, Ca 43. and written, S. ^9. .60. the lokia Dialcdl of it, the Court Tongi: ar To'.qmu, 5-9 the W'omens tying the Hair, O. 407. iirtk' hcet ui.il Shoes, 408, C/,7«*» Gold, k'c Gold. ChiiLi Siik, ke Silk. -"• \:noy, A)'n''.'n, Canton, t'okieu, St. John's I. Macao, I'mvn. China Rijj;, vvhcrc found, O. \o.WMrr/ji 0, <5o. Sec Caroa, Spum.i. Choiolattci Norrh (.» Wind) li W. 60. C, 39. C7;r)/i ()[ Pal's ivquiUtc ar Tonqntn, S. 16. r/;ott^ lU 122 ^ Bit Ui u IL25 III 1.4 ■ 2.0 V] ^;. V/ y <%- r Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WHT MAM STRUT WMSTH.N.Y. I4SM (716) •73-4503 ! ■' ■!' If,; llMll ' , ■ 1,1 ih 'm H i't < ' :! ' .i' ■f: I4i Hi ■ill' |i|,J, mm ' General I N T) E X. Bays, 4»;, ft-'e Riys. Convenience of boM Courts, 4:4,. rrinarli- Mc, ll'c Cir.jffoV, Chdi, Mexico, Peru, Ice Ma.ks (at 'v\,i,\ ji,. Wcll-Coak, what To tal'd, 476. ""' Coats fiiort, C), 4T9. Co't Aimt)ur of BiifT; ll-e A-moLr, Coc/:i,uljii.a, Iflands Oil" it, S. 9. has TuHboruS IV -,-. c;^, wurkM Men dctain'd tlicrf, S. 7 . Cln.ife Rfiugct5 rh^tc, ;/,. Women Prollitutes, O. 59)-. its Tea, 409. and I'cprer, S. 181. V, ar,> n-l, Tonquin, 2 1 .67. 72. once un.!cr ir, 67. Cochn.cl in.p of P, ! , .;,. ,, 6.ofPulo CoHikre, and of wliar rhcy luring thfnc, (). \f)^ v /" their Boats, /;&. this a tit I'Licc to introdua* ,1 T.jde w:\\ or-.ui. tja, 0. 594. probably a ^O'nl one, S 5. further Miansof it, \ow Cochinca Tree, I'luir, Inil'^t, where fuunJ, aad M:r.ij;:mji.t oi' it, O. 124. 22f, 22S, 9. Cockics, whcic, O. if^'. few 465-. vnfl one:, 449. Cock, white, lequir'd as a Fcef^ri iVrrn;/;- Gj .-, C. ni. CVk- Sighting, where us'd, S. 184. Cocks and Hens ("Dunghil io.vi itc Toulcry. Cockreco't-, Birds, J. C. 6/-, 9. Coco-Trccs and Nuts, w'ie^e, O. 71^, 7. i t t, iS-. 79T .4,f, 511. ;;7S. 4f4, 7. 472, 4, f, 6, 8, 9. 480, 8. S. 4. 7.3, 4. 1 1 ;. ihi J. 291 to 290. ^iS. Uiefulnefs of this Tree, 39)-. of tlicSap- 29;, 4.479. 4^0, 6, 8. .See Toddy, Arack; et the W.rcr o! Mil of the ]SJu's, 391, 474. o[ tlic Nut:;, 292, 4. 474, 6, 7, S. j-r- S, of the Sh?ii, 294. 490. of the Hu'k, 294- f- li-O o:r,. lK)'f,.g- lc6led in the 'f'Vy/ /'.t/a'.-, ih. the Guam Nu^r, 29-, 6. ''.(.f'r -I >«- trjatra, z()6. of an liland drown'd every Tide. 474. fioi'i,:'^ 1; Sci, ii>. Groves at Nicobar, 478, 9. what Soil and Air befl for rhiVTi, lyf, 6.whc)e a Commodity, S. if i, 2. Oco: I. in the S. Sea, <^/. O. 1 1 1. J 5 t. why mift by t!,c Authorj W. If. hicoj 1. in the £-3/? W/pi, J. O. 470. 2. Coco-Plum, Rulh, and Iruit, . 1 34. Coldel^ Wintis wha', O fig. f7,o. Cq I-Lir.'uitv.i. CMtma, T. and rich V,il:ey, O. 2^1, 2, 3. iti Vclcan ?.>.'■;- buiiiin<^, /A its Cacoa, >b. 6-, Coli'f'iJ-i S'.oiis, J. C^ 29. 59. Co our of i-nce and Si:i,-., Natural, fee Compli'X'on , by Pigmcnu. O. 5-14. f-^^. i'.e Damme-, " CO. Colours, fte D.e? Co-nzna, in vain aftcmp'c'd by Privateers, U. 63. uv: Li ineoiA Fleet touches the. e, C. 126. kl ■•^ "f*« c. 474.. fiv'i'ii:'^ 1; Sci, Air bcfl for rhom, :9f. General 1 N T) E X. CoTnmodUics, spantjjj^ American, E. Indian., liow mutmlly c jc- chan;j;ei1, O. 24+. j", 6 ComriKxlitics, wi.ar, and where, lf.e Cacio 2!id Chorolare, Corn and I'l .wer, Dru^s, Pycs. Pieces ot F.i^'it, Kruirs, Gold, Hides, Iron in liais, and wrou^'-r, L,.i-k, Learhnir, Marmalade, Moioilo's, N'-groes, Oil, Pitch, Quiikdlvtr, Silver, Soap, Spice, Tallow, Tea, Timber, Tin, Vine. Sec Manufac- tures. CComtrin, its Wiiuls, W. 10. Company. JS.^«J'*<. ice Dutch, EngUfii. Compals (fee Az-imuth) Winds flying round it, \V. j-S. fc Tor- nsdo'?;. Complexion of People, Coai black, Face and Body, (). 464. dark Copper Colour, 7. 31. 170. 297. S. izS, 181. C. 31. iij-. JrJtms generally fo, ib. O. 297. very dark, 417. 5*37. V/. no. Afliy, 0.407. oark tawnev, 39^. C. it)-. W. loil. lii^ht tawny or yellow, O. 316. 4^4. S. 40. die Women of a brighter Yellow than the Men, O. 326. 45-4. Compoftella in Mexico, d. O. 269. its Gold and Silver Mines, 266, 9. its Merchants, and .'^llve^ ichu'd there, th. Comrade, why fo call'd at Mmdanno, (). 327, 8. 3^8. 36^. lie Conception R. O. 22. a Wood there dyinp; like Logwood, C.fS. Conch Shells, faid to make China Ware, O. 109. C. Condecedo.d. C. 10, 1, 2, 4. 6. 42. its Winds, W. 32, 4. 43* /|,. and Weather, 82. Pub Condole, its commodious Situation, O. 394. Courfe by it, S. 6. the Harbour, Channel, Trees, Fruits, Tar, and Animuls, d. 38f, 9. to 394. Cochinchinefe Inhabirants. 394. 8. their PcrfbuSi ^9f. Women Proltitutes, ib. Trade, ib. S. 8. Language, O. 394. Keligion, 396. an old Pilot there, 398. 400. Congo R. O. 7. 15-. d. 193. Conies, where, \V. io(). Irniian Conies, fee Raccoons. Cookery, whac and where, O. 79 294. ;?i3, 4. 329. 3)'7> 9< (J.19. 430. 473, 4. 388, 9. 490. S. 27, 8. 30, I. 129. C. iS. Coolecan K. {CuUacan} O. 264. A rich 1 . by it, trading for Pearl, lii. Costing, or engendering Time of Turtle, foe Turtle. (Copper Rings, a Cornniodity, where, C. Up. C. Coquibocoa, its Currents, \V. 101. Coquimbo, whence its Timber, O. 14a. Coral Bank, where, O. fo. Cordage, what and where, O. 223. 194, f. Cordial ot Snakes and Scorpions, where us'd, S. f^. C. Corrientes in Mexico, its Winds, and how and when to be made, O. 24)-. 2^-7. . fg. Cotton S!iru!% Cotton and Cloth, where, O. i6f. 384. 4^6, '. S. 42. C.46. 1 1 f. where a ComrfoJitVi S. i4f. Co'-Od-Trte, fvafl and fot'r) where tound, and its Kind?, t.Co^^il)lt'5 Letters to the A. W. 5*4, ^, Coantcn.ince ct People, wliere flcrn and hard-favoured, 0. ; 44. 170. 197. 464. Graceiul, 3x6. 470, S. S. 128. SfC Face Feature. Ccuiles ftcer'd, or to be ftecr'd. What, where, and why, 0. .;., 77,5,9. 119. I 3>~. S, 9. 147. 167. 171. 184, f. J 93. ior.;ii.i^>. i'6i, 3, >, 6, 7. 9- 35'» i- 37'o> 7- 4'i'- 439- 4+"- i' .v ^;^'- 4'^^ J, 3 J b\ 9. 460, I, 2. f27. )-3i. 5-49. S. 6. 10. 109. C. 5.S, 9. 50, I. !2j-, 6. Vv. 7. i)j. i.'j. 23, 5-. 33,9. 40. fi, 3, f, 6. ir, i, f, 6. CcuiriLT.*; rJl learned, how and where, S. 5-9. Courts of Judicature, where none, S. 80. Cow.-;, ice Beive;;. Iv1ounfaii.-Cow, lee A>uc. hei-Los^r, lee Manatee. Coz.tiir.el \. C. 9 29. Crabs (Sea) v.Jiere, S. 27. C. 70. Crabs (Land) where, O. 473. S. 27. d. C. 32, 3. v/hcnpoilb- ticus, 32 . f.'rabca'c!;cr?, liirdr, wliere, S. 26. -. 217. VVca- ;i;i.r, W. Sr, Cm-rcius, loy. fee C Antonio, C. de Cruz., C Ctr' w/i-i I. of f^ines, and b. Keys of C«^;.t, C. ;i. . CV/j(/.< (^-">, 9. oi Lts'-wcriTij, a nnn!j;e one, C. 90, I. of Ddeali.'^, tee /\lli,:;ators Cods, Baiiiing, L^itncijAint Htrbs, Mans^aftan, vSnjj'i, Sands iior. Vine vvijl. Curlew?, great ani (nvll, d. C. 69, 70. liketnem. W. no, Cur:ifao, or o'turifao, a /)/«/f^ I. C.).*4v-. '(', hut mill l>y the brinch, O. 47. 50, Curicnt?, their Kinds, Couifcs, i^c. d. W. foo. to loH. fbaking snd C; )(i[ fcr-CiHTcnr ', wh;it, ro},. inllucnc'd by Tia(^e VViih;s, \}o. ie.T. 5. fircngthenid by a ronrraiy Win.i, O. 401. forward or jf- tji'J rhe Log, 290, hovv t!iey diirc-r tioni Tides, V/. 90. i;)c:.\vh'ir, and whne, 4. 20. ?2, ;?. j-i, y, 6, 7. O. 5-7. 1:9. 200. 401, ;, i''i. 49}. S. if6. C. 26, 9. Cur'^ana's, what, and wlicre us'd, O. 400. S. 70. So. Cu'tnm<;, O. 527. f/e Art'^ and Aititiccrs, Btg^jng, Chiidrcn, r'av =;, Cnol.cry, ("arc. Dancing, Drink, F.nicrtainnicnts, FcafL', i'l'^'lr'no;, P'tiliin^^, hood, Funcrai, Camin^, Co'/crnmeur, H lii:- ■ii':;. Huul-js, rki<»!-)3ndry, I,e.u•nl^L^ Manners, Marriij/c, L na- '. "1, 3. v/lienroilb' ■ meras, Rclij^ion, Shipping. Singing, Slaves, Trades, WalLing, Vv'o- CurrcntSjW. ici. Barley, Cmnu Corr:, 3?r. Wind-, \V.4S, d Sale of Wivn and . See L//.-w/,7/jfif,l'on C). 414. f. 65'. 384. 4^6 14,-. , and its Kind?; f/. (' hard-favoured, 0, ' 3. S. 128. Si'c Fac; ere, and why, 0. 4. 5-. J93. 2or.aii.i45'. [. 440, 2, 3,6, 8. 4fo, 10. 109. C. 5.S, fi. o. 5-1, 3, y, 6. 13!, f9- -a, Writing. ; >• 70- D. 98. See llogu Harbours. ,00, 1. S, 1^7. I"!?. Croci.adoT'!! D4in7n-r. a {ort of Pitch and Pit^menf, where, O. 5-14. D.iwf'icr, his Education, and in (I- Voyages to lu\i)ice, Ke:v- f^yjl.wd, and H.wtim, and b.ack to EngUnd, C. i. 2. 3. S. 123, 4. '■■. 4. ;-. to Jam,x''C.i, C. 4. 7. 8. and Cumpeacf'j, 9 to 17. he [ C 2 J retun.'S, ' I I Cciirrai TNT) EX. vc^urns 19. i- a li 1. • ■ "* the Spantardi, to. ^4, j-. of shit. Wrcrk, ii, v 6. .:ml lbfvni|T at Sea, 36, 7. S. but rfrovers '/^ m.iica, ;K. 0. jiij: i'-'fu. d Voy.iyv ro '.Amj>,M,.y .no t;utrir l; or Lorr. wood. 4 I . Si, ;, 7, S. 9 91. I' 8.rv>, ' . lur, fJanj^cr tn.rn n Sii-.kc 6j. Aliij^arois, 8^. 100. a I.cf worm f'.lrungtiy • J''OySi>. 0, ,' 1 Hinjr '1 '111-* ^■''oods, i', 1, 4, f. a violent Storm ami Kiouu, '>i . i, ? W. 66, 7. and return ro 7"'"^"^»« a"fi 2./^^u«//<<, ('. i;i, 1. i[^. ,„jj, a^aii) tf) famntiA. \h. (). Intr. I. li. cmjUc?; th'- Ifthwm oj ,.y„^,. r/f«, rai.grs in the S.Sci, and returns, 111. IV. 11 Ut 2+ ' cciji iiis jouria , 16. Ilardflii -v, 14, 6, 8. 2;, 7. cruile;. nuout • c k' Jn.J'is, 16, c;;, c. goes ro r/''^;iM4. <^«f . lers uuC ami'i, 66 y (j;^' Stoim 70 W. 64. touclifs ar C. Tfr,/ llics, 16. !<.. ^utttor.. j'-i rc-tntcr.s il.e S. Sea, 8^. Iii"; Traverks rhcrr, and O'l^^cr^, flee l'riva»ccrsj ii> 10179 SickiicC, iff. and Cuic. 270. liS |;j- ^r.r.lou'. Vo^■')_t7C fious t'nc S. .'-/a, 279. 281, ?, 4. he .irnvc- at (Cj:tjw, 2S4., tl'.C I huif'p;tjes. ;qO, MitiJunao, 309. V.C^o.u^re, ;ho, 0)ii. lit C/>i'M, 406 n fypi>\ 4'?' +• f« ^- *'• >)"» '' ; "e i''M- /.'t'vc, 416. 7. /.'.^///'f Ilie;, 42 r. I. liotito»,^'j;-^. ISi. tiol/A'.u 4.61 fc flu's to leave r!i<- Privateers, 402. 440 470, 2, 4,6. i. eft ioll;(: at Kicu^ur I. 4S1, 2, 5. ni." ro Sc.t in on op n lJ-iii. 406, "'.a^o. his Dr.nr^cr, 1 atigue, and lao Ivtfl'dtion,., 492, C"f- '•.''•j^ Sickncli ujroi it. foj. S. 2 ;. 90. 101. Ill, 9. 147, b. 177, A-riva! at ^chin, () 5-02. and harfli I'hylick, fo;. Ik goes to Mi^.m ^nd 'Jo).i)um, f'jf S, 2.^. o. ir.1,6. 90.4,9. 100. OcvU i(h'.ei9o. to 101 re urn';, 101, 3:4. f. ttj A/rf/ai k to .^c^//., 177. Darif^er,, 5;2. :,;f 6, 7; 8. (J. fi*^) 7. He goes to f'oit St.dfo^^e., f.'f f M. S. 17.S, 9. and (With feo'iy) to hencQuii, to. (;. fO)-. fii.io (.'. Cioo.l ticpp, fio, I, b. ^t.HvLieua, 5'4. and tti^lniiu, y^o. Dvic ..' and Singing, what ;.nd v. here, (). 127. . ;7. ,/. ;'^*i.- whcn 1,01 o, 3 fp. 3(10, I. (". I I f W. 1 1 I. in tic Ni'^li'. 12", .1.79. at N . and 1*. Mcxm, ^41. 1. Thackcr.', (). 361, i. Dancing Women. O'C. J. ^40, 1, 2. S. 146. .Duneo^ st. Tkcr^a: I ( ). 46. of Trangatnhar, fof .S. i y,. if4 7.?. Dnuit lllhmuT, lee Il'lriniu . DmicH R. ^. O. 40. 6/»..<«ur^/i there, 41. its Savage-, their Trunk; ■:rf poii'bnous Arrovv.-^, ///. Kncmies to tlie Ifthjjus Inuiaur, tb. ^'n- r?tce riierc, •^;. 41. and Arue, C. 103. Tiadc Winds and Tuini- ♦ioe.sto tiic W . ot it. W. lb. DAvenpcrt's Account: of the Tide;; of Twquiii , refcrr'd to. U' 97. • C.ipt. Dari:'s Difcovcry, O. 3^1. i).*uj's Srreighr, ic N. i^P'efr Vndhoc;. A Day loft or got in compading the World, O. 37^, 7. Dehtors h-iw u(ed at J'o^.qum, S.78, 9. I?c( linKicn, C21C to be ii.;d of it in ccmpafTing the WoriJ, 377.8. iJccoy. ■••■^ Joy. I*. f.oMrt, ;V9, ', 5-05-.S. i^G.ij-4,7,S. Tonqum, refcrr'J to. &;/fr^/ I N T> E X. Decoys of Hog-;, where, O. i6S. Ikcr. where, O. y. vy. m. 320. H7. 8. j^Jp. S.i;-. 117. iSi. A Dr^rei of tlic /-(j. how much, (;. iSS, 9. 290. l;"pccs taken, and Kxaniinations tor thcni, where, S. Co. JL»i.'A«i'c//» R. d. US Negroci and Llc^hanti Ttcth, W. loS, 9. Hi. Dti^rt, IiIcm Ihfartn/fif, Seals there, O. 90. .Scejf; Antu"}, Ucvii. where tcar'd, and how cali'd, O. 9. Dcwr. at Ni;:;ht whese it never raiu), W. 7^. Mo>,U-DiAi/OiO in 'Jtiu/mca, Li. y. DtumnnUl'omr, d. i). 499. S. 121. 15-4, <5. 177. I):cc rnaif ot Sea-Lions Tce'.h, O. 90, J)i,tio Bulhes, wiitrc, (J. 8i.(it',:. whuv, O. 122. S. 2)-. C:. 67. 76. W. j-6. where rone, 0. ^69. where eaten, S. 30, i. coveted by Alligators and Cro- codi ci, and (eaitul of them, C. 76. not fufler'd to eat what Bcncs, (>'. in^itflt one where valued, i). 302. iJii^-lifli, where, J. 12. 3f. Duinea, R. and Bar, (a Branch o(Tonquin R.) and T. '), jiron-Ticc. and Gum {'iragacartth) d. and where, O, 4I3. *^!r l-rancii Dinhei Bovs/cii, where buried, (^.39.!. Plata nam'd fioni lum, 152. !i;s tak iig (-iuatttlco, 233. Cou'ie over the S.Sea^ wo. Lar.d (Ja!> N iind by l.im at an liie near Celebes, 473. I'>:aughf.s or Cuans tironeoua, ice Mifhkcs. D.ift V/ood, what and where, O. 230. Dr. Ilk l';ng alrtain'd fiom, yet Uiine voided, O. 282. Water the ( ommun Drink oi InuuKs, 451. where Corn-Drink of Ai«.';c, 'hiiie,, (). 12. (i. C. 43. 113. \vith Money, 1^. Rice Drink, VjS, 9. Samflni, 419. «;t" Wheat, Tec Hoc,U(. 0( .Millet, W. 110, I. of Supar Canes and a Bcny, fee iSafhee Di.nk. Water '..v-ttcn'd and ipic'd, O. ^fv. Pinc-Diink, a Cjiioa of it, 10. Piaiitdiri- .*■ ^ -n" \ i Ir i, ■Pi Hiji i'\ R I'll ' 1 IfH III f Hi i! > 1. V. lii ; 1*1 1 : ^:-!" I } . /■ Cr;/rr/// INDEX', riantain-Diink, ;i4., f. IJunano Drink, ^i6. Miik fiiur, W. i;- ice lire. Sec Ai.itk, Tixitly, Tea, VV.itcr, Wmc. I)rinkiti» », oivj ..iiut'icr, where us'il, 434. lot anil ijaid, lo. 1569. 4.y.\v!^iii Ice (ilUtll.CII. J)ri)pl)cs, wlierc frequent and mortal, ani! howcur'J, O. x^f f, Di'ig"., v/'icrf aC^omnvnlity, <). ifi. where llvcra!, Sy. 1, ..n^,, fee A[;uali W'o'kI, J. Ailij^ators Cotls, \ntul';, J, Aiek-Nur, «/. Manjr, e'ir, (ium-Druyon, , 7. inflavc or ave the People, ^16. T,T)\. 7,06. S. II)-, 6. 8. .64, f. wirh Guard-Shipj, i/j-;,,}.. 173. 4- il'.ere^ore hated and 'i' envied, O. 516. 331. ^f'\v. 3('j6. .;,f6. S. 117. li'.c ,\1ercli;ntr, of tlurn cxci-id; 1 the Spicc- IHind by the C'Mvpany, (), 317. ye*: a!lov/'d to !i.idc where :hc Company not, ih. S. 135-, 6. (-••her Spicc-Iilinds yeT Ircc, O. ^5-1. 5-13. their laitory .-.nd Trade at Torqu-n, S. lo, i, 2, 1, 6.x().\\. (•heir iloui'j, li) 49. fi, a. <^>ii 7, 4. f. fnirir^ue v; li V.ciivn Jnokcrs, fi. I'i.irc; grt by them, I'ji. W. ^C. T). j-j.j-, and icft a;Tain, tb . nirrov/ly mift by •hem, iHi, 3. /^;. f I, 2. o'en with vVorm^ t^Cz. ic: HuAzi^i, /'. D,';/:/:j, C (,'5-.^/ .^/o/f, MAC.iffer, Spicf-ljlancls. Dyer, what and v/htie, S. 6\,.\. poifomu" us'd f.) 30, VV. 10'/ Duck J. Tidc% V'5. try. :?19. ^lo. S, tij. iSr. liiigent, S. 174. I'ri:, s to iWtll C;()\/c«, li. rradc in the IV.Iubi, pOi/ary, (..iirra'At, Ti- l,f. 8. Vedl'ls bt)l;^^^t ipicc Trade, 0. 511 infhvc or avi* 'f;C f. vvi'h C1unrd-Sli;[S, cxeijdr.l the Spicc- d to tt:dc v.'hc'cthc ds yc": free, O. ^p, o, I, 1, 1, (J. 1(^.41. riruc v: h V.'cr.vn -r'^.' O. J-.}, 5*. ntiu .eft ^;?^^ Si;;:-- firpriv.':!, n 1' CJ /'. D::i:>:S' '^■ -, L-;'d fr: dying t'^e I'vVuod, J. '■■!• i^'-*^* v.'ood, Cocliir."el, iL •dcr, ./. Srork-l-idi [;. riS. dc Dmrifr, CV//^r^/ J NT) E X. E. t^ARS boi'd, with Wood in them, O. ;i. E.ir-Ring";, 427.5-1^. "^y Karth vicldin;^ S.ilr-Pcrrc.wiicre, C 1 1. itc ^01!. 'Kirrhcn VVarr, whai and where, C/. zfo. S. 61, j. C. iiy. fee [China Ware, Jars. I'ltirg, hov/, O. ^i9.4;o. a ProKiticnfor Soldierr, S.61. F.li'), k'np. '1 I'iflaf'c ot u Storm, W. 66. 70. ice Tide. F,!..', whnc, S. 12S. V,fu% toimd. cafrn, tra. Piccr-; of £/^/./ traded with, how and wiierc, O. 14^. F.lcphjnt';, whcic and wlar, and h)w ordcr'd, S. 22, y. 47. 49, ;;. 142, 4, 6. Klfphanr Idols, where, S. f6, 7. 91. l.Icj'ant Mount in, atTontj/im, 11, ip, liifltantii, a Storm, ^'. W. 74, f. Firfuinfi;, where iis'd, S. 140. Finrloyments, wliat and where, O. 39;-. fee Artiticcr:, Finiin'^, Tradis. EnvJanH^ E-r.^Lffj Channel, mofl regular Tidcj, W. 91. rjrcar, 97. !«F.Co*/'»-. Eti/lijh, PoiU-nions and Tmdc in the IV. Indies, O. Cj^. 227. ^Sf. C. 4. f. 9^', 12^. fee Cartbbe IHands, Jatmacn, Locnvood- Cuftcrs, i'rivueers. \n Africa, O. 7S. iltc Guinea, Sar.ci% Ilelkua, .V4/.1/. In the v.. Indict, I'aftorics and Trade, and Lri'/.tj}} L. lrjt» Company, .S. 101, 2, 3, 8, 9. O. 5 ff, ^]. 401. 476. 5-09, 5-12. ill .Tani.;.d where, S. 101, 2, 3. 1^3,4. 146, !). zt'J'oqmriy lo, i, i, ;, 6.41. (rhcir Houfc, ^j 48, 9, 61, 5, 5*. 85 ro 90. loi, j-. uC j^:/;;«, O. fo2, 3, 4, f . S. t 30. 145-. fprcfcnt to t!;c Queen, (4>-, 6.) (^c. at Malacca by .Stealth, in. i6(J. at'ie Men to be implnycd in Fniflories, 102. Trade to be improv'd, S. 102. how and w.'icrc, ik 1:3. O. 64. 316, 7. 3?i. C. 131. where dclir'd to ictrJc, O. 316, 7. 331. 349. 3f9. 438, 9. W. 112. snd Trade, S. f. v/ciromc to ir, I If. well Ipokcn <;F, O. 4ff, 6. thourrlit Icfs inrroaching ihzn l\\ri Dutch or Spaniards, 331. 35"9. once traded to Fonno/.t^ ill. how they got Bencoulu S. 182, 3. and SanfiaHelleyta, 0.^-4/. !';»///?> Women there, ^'. ^48. Exp.oits under the K. of Siam. S. lof, 6, 7. Reward, i ^8. fome m^flacred there, others leave i', ifo, I, 2, 3. War with Siam, O. 5-04, and with the Mogul, S. 146.. 17R. i->i;ff///7; fuinmon'd to Fort St.Cico^ge, 15-3. Rcnega- (^^S 158. Ei.'glijh uZ Botmo, O. 370. 5-04. Sec Btnconii.^ Cunnimere, '^n St.iJeor^e, indraiore. In^lijI/ ScmKii Haicc and valuable in the II H\ I i :• "i :il^^ <■,,; A Gvncral I N T> E X. the E. Jntl.et, S. iii. rarclcfs nf their Mcil h, W. 41. /crvr 1* Alo'!;nl, (). f07. ult* ylzimuth (.'A)mp^(\[%, f;r. Itkioni roucli j' i CdooJlIof'e, :.nA liicir (^uurle to double it, il>. kc IiAr6AUv'i,Qo^fi (jMiiieit, '^aimu.i, InJi.t, r.iiicrt.nonuiits, liovv and v/hcrc nnHc, (). 51S. ^^j-, p. ,. to 4.;9. 4f7. 4'd6. S. f^, 4. f 78. Cj. iin. W. no, i' iwuW as 1 Mulct 10 end Qiiarrds, S. 7S. Ice under Minncrs, good, );()ipi ta.tlr. Iqnaror or F.qwuociiAl, ftlic Li^j*) not (i) lior as near the Tn. picks^ and why, S. 31, 5. what \'>'inds and U Mthcr thm- -;i,i near i^, lA, O. z. 100, 8. 1 10. f49. W. 6. t. W. <». 1 1. j-^,^. j^, j Why S.Wind; rluTc, 6. 7, when and whcic belt to (tdI,-, j-, W. r 6. fi, ,', ri. and hov/fo be done, 6, 7, 9. trom ^:.iieU^n,t,(j.ji^j yfcouJfJoR. and Tort, C. 4S. Kil.iiitioris or nttf-Farmii, la- Hcevcs where. Tfl.%f.i III the 5. Sea, J. and i-.s Mulclcs, C). jj-o. i//j/'(j in Car/ipeflchy, d. C. i m, i. in vain attcmprcl, tb. r'ojur J'F/irie'u Kxpcdiricn, W 46. O. 47. Shipwrc( k, /^. j-o, i.l Klfrii'ros (< ^llridin-j) and tlicir K^es (eaten) where. O. 464. f: f.thtcki (mnial I'hilofophyj Itu'Jicd at Tonqu:n, S. 60. elunuch, whtif the alniofl only prcferr'd, S. rtp. 81, z. and v/l 8y. their Qu-iitic";, 8^, 4, f. Voluntary Eunuchs, 81, z. £:irflpe, I'lcn^y ot Seals mi the N.ot it, <). 91. lee Liiil/icia,Eri;^UnJ.\ Hurofi'.vis, lik'tl by the VVoPicn, where, (). ^17. Cliijlrcn born of ihein in the U'. Indies, call'd Cnoles^ 68. Friloncrs lent to A.V;;- CO, t^^'. f+. i''C Dane:, Dutch, E'-glijI), Fnnch, rortu^ucc, ^p.mnr.l!. Kyes {'Ice Sighr) i'mall, (). 51. 170. ^9f. 407. 417. mci: ,•• proportion d, 297.l)lack, 31. jyf. 47S. fj7, S. 128. Ha// 1,4:6,7. Eye- Brows, hanging; over the Eyes, (J. 32. thick, 426. ^i:r, 464. f77. Women with none, 479. Eye Lids, huif-clos'd to avoid Mies, O. 464. F. FACES, where People of round, O. ^i, 4.16. Oval, P)",r;: S, 40, (Nc:^roe Make) W. ixc. flattilh, O. f^- ^- 4°- '">"?•[ (Jiin, Kycs, Inrr, I'orclicnd, I.iin!\s, F.ipr, Mou'li, r.'oir, Slnpj"! People of" nor one f!;raccful I'turuit*. <"). 464. . I (cr, (mall, O. ^i. Womcir; very, and why, nml wliat the Con. .•(luiiiT, 517.408. fyin^' lurcFoor, O. ^i. ^;6.4.' H. 45-6. S. 4;. I. 'foUi rernpin'io, J. (). 87, 8. 425. DikmLry ut ii, tS. if. Hfvl:uij^ witli (,(»;ir<;, /^. reriility, S7, 6. Kifli, 11;^, 90, i. Strcnp'h» (>. llcibagf, 91. a b.ick Fowl thcic, 97. liillary oi a hloikiio \\m\ !jrth''rc,84, f, 6. I, VfrrtMndo de Noronh, J. W. frt, 7. yeiifjtroes, or T-Ic^ioc I'licfts, S.8;5. Fevers, Men tiktu with them, 0.79. where ficfiucnf, ij-^, J97. r^+. a malignant one, 224. 230. what bad ^oi ihcm, i». 23. j'/ioj, 1;. righting, Manner of ir, where, O. 357 fi.u'Iierr none, 5-16. fliorr nd hafty, S. 74. figl^tiiig to Dcatli, a PanilluncDt, \\\ ImL.vis .orh to fight in the Kiun, 176. Moi.k-figIii, Jj^, 540. Ice Cock- li^hr'n^. Fii-Trer, vrhcrrand how us'd, S 61,4. Fire, how j»ot by hitihins, O. ,\6^k oi what Woo J. Orone, C. p, 7. I'lrcs /ccn in the Night, where, i).\)\). jSi. a spAiujh Sji^- rijl, if>. and riivnreer-;, 25-2. Law^ and I'ro.'ili'r.i n;Min(l I'ucs, S. ■ij,^>,7. and I'liniOiment, 79. FiHi and Finicrmcn, what and where, O. 2. 9. i to. 154. 14 r, 9 15-9. iri.24t, 2, 5.2;-7.276.2b5.297. ^u. ?4-^- ?f'^- V;^'?' 9- 400. 429. 44K, 4^)5. 474. 480, f, 9. $-14, 5". f^j. J>. ^.8. 1 1.20, 1, 7, 8, 9. 30. 4 ^ 64. 89. 128. 130, I. 142. i(jz, 3. I7f, 6. 181. (.. i;, 3, f 21 , 2. f, 'J. 31, 4. 71, 2, 3. ia+, 7. V/. 1 10, I. (le Boncio, Brcmc, Cir-I'lHi, d. Cavally, nofr-Fiih, l.cl, I'l} iii|i-lMfb, (}ir-Vifli, (I. ]c\v Fifh, . Way of I idling at Toni^um, and Filh-Ponds, S. 26, 7, 8. 9- 43- Filliing Infl-uments, and how us'd, O. 2. 7.8. 9. 10. d. 3>-, 6, 7. 395-, 7. S ?7, 8, 9. 130, I.e. 13. fc ri.Mpooni, Hooks, and Lines, Nets, Pcf'i I'ec Manatee, Turtle, Mokito Men, S.iikers, Fifliinn;-Towns, C.43. 124.7. ^nd Banks, 17.21,2,8. Pc.ulFifiiing, fee Pearl. Salt- Fini, whrvr, 124, C. O. 269. Pickled iMfli. ^05. C. 124. a Imall u)rt lefs tlun a Henine, O. 5-33. like An.'h.cjvy, S. 27.Comnori. [ n f tion, .,.1 ll yr'\ I. i.'i 1 ^' ! , i *' it^' 1 . . ^'l ' '•( ll Gf/wrrf/ J N T> E X. tloHi i8 fee r.i/.if /;/»«», Snktmurrty Hoy. Filli catca raw, wij Goats Miw dfcU, t).4:5o. t'jhe-s I. by Tincjkin, J. S. lo. lilhin^-l lawks, liirds. whcic, C. 69. , I- c Airows. Floatr. in ihc Sea, let li.nlc Logs. Fio«)d, I uwin^ WauT. fee Tiae. llocdf, l.an.1, liow, when, anil where, O. t6, y. iv.(j6. 1,, ^11, ;6c), (.". «o, I. 2.91, i- ^ loS, 9. I II. S. ';4., )- rt,,iali.i the 'it^rr/./ Ir.;:*, asid wiicncc, /:». Cautc ot ^iln }, ib. Kivcri mk by tliem only, '^. and Ilarvefl tlcp^ciKliiig on them, 37, S, y. Mi V to keep thi'ni ofi,,/ 4*;. and l»anks,44. Ihvotk mudcby theni,4'; i. :{. \V. 67, 8, ta. Water then unwhokfuinc, 0. yjf Houics (landing as in Ton-lj, 510. 560. S. 180. Floors, how l-.id, covered, &«.c. U. ifi. 318, 9. JV>'4".'ir Hvridii, Gulph, its Storms, W. 60. Currents, lof.CourlethioL^i ir, »S, 9. 24. 40. nt t!(c liarUvenia iMcct, C. 126. its AniUr- griele, W. ;'4. O. 7;. Indiws lels iavoge tliau reported, 40)-. Flower, a Cominod.ty, where found, (). 99. 141, J. f i,"i 194, 6. 22;. 249. 2fo. 260. 418, 9. fee C'orn. Flii,\i:s, where ordinary, O. 1^3. 334. S. 148. how cauglit. V.'. 42.3ndcur'd,0. 311,6. 330. S. 12;. 137. 148. fee i>;»/«p«r':lori; ll.nef;. Flyinj» FilTi, where, O. So. Flying Procr, .y. and where, S. i ji. Fogs and Mifrs, where and when, O. 94. f' 'T?- 3*^ 'r 5-0, r chiefly in fair Weather, 41. turn to Wind, 40, fi. tioiie;n| Jfm/, O. 186. logo I. ot the C. rcr«/f, d. itsVoIcan and Fire, O. 77 Amber- g^'«^*"' 7 3- . ,, f(jilvf«, Prov. of C/?/«j, its Shipping and Trade, O. 417, i)- 'H Dia!e*5t rhe Court Lan^ruagc at Tornfuin, S. j'9. Food, what nnd whf.rc, O. S. 9. 14. 39. 329. 5f7. 46+. f-^' 47;, 4. 5-40. S. 22. 30, I. ff. 129. C. 3;. 5-9. 61, 2, ^, 7, 9 " ' 2, f. 1 1 3. W. 1 10, I. fee Beafts, Birds, Cookery, Corn, Mower, I'ruits, Inlcclr. Roots. r'oifi)n. Foreiirui;:, Pcopl;.- of hi^^h , O. 407. low, 32. 416. roumi, 4^f C. 1 ly. Piji-, lb. O. 3 2y. j Womcns) 526, 7. F ^om^i'' d Fire, O. 77 Amba- TraJc, 0.417, S. in S. If. and MiiVioniirics, 9; to 99. tlilinils'd tiicncc, m. if^. ftghc Gcueral I N T) E X. I. t'tirmofa, il, p;i(l and prcicnt Sutc, En^U^J) exclude J, ZfC, O, ill. C. Fortnnfa in Africa, its Fof»s ami I^iet/.cs, V/. fo, 1. hortilkaiions and 1 oris, wiat and where, o. 46.6;. i ig. 141.4. 179. 117. 111. 141, 6.7. 300, i;i,7,8, p. 37^, 9. :?o7,8.4i6,7. H7- 4f4-l"'y> 9- fi— f53. (-46. kS, ic/i, 7. (ut TrccjJ 145-. . fi2, 3. Uctui^cc;, vvhcif, 5-32. 5-47. Ci ulity to the A. f;. had Husbands of tiie iV. InJia Cattle, C. 98. oiii: kilid hy a Buiiock, 120. kc lyE/lrccs, I'erti Uuavrest I'rivi- tetrs. Frcfli- Water Laj^unc in Ca.v.pe.ichy, J. C. 94. fee Ws'or. hricrs, lee Piicits. Friday, the Ma^jomctan Sabbath, O. 358. ^77. the funic Day at MmJanao as in Europe, tb. Frocks, what and wiicre worn, a. O. 327. 408. t, in .ra;jc, r 11:5, 4. J. 169. Galii'A'al-', a pnilonous InfccH:, .iy lo/l L/iiic A. m comp.iiTing it, 376, 7. daily Incrcafc of Sun'5 IX'ciinauon to fcc ai-| lov/'d for, 377, 8. there, Of. good Ar,. by IrJiar.:, C.n9.' CeneraL I N T> K X Con, aimofl all that remains to the Portucuefe in I'u/ia^ S, lO'a ."tormr Monfoons there, W. 74, j-.G/j^ yJrait, what, O. 295. (jor.ts; where, O. ^H.j^.-jj, ^, j-, 6. 7. 84, 6, 7,8. 132, 7* 3 jr.. ..iij. 406. 416. 419. 421, 6. 43f, 6. 45-8. 5-^2. 5-4^-. s. 2^-, 30. li/.W.j-o. killed by Wind',, //>. not killd by the Owners, ( ).^^,^. jct their Skins and Maws eaten, ;^. 430, Skins dic.'i.a Con.niooicy, (•/licrc, 142, 5. 214. , ' (,o;-3. i^f. Lumps of ir, and lo dug, where, i&. S. 133, 4. Indians and their Padres enricli'd by it. 0.124. ^Vf' ^°8. Gold Countries all unhealthy, if 3. S. 133, i. Rings, fy-c. worn, O. 365-. ■5-14. fee BhUhwm. Gold Image 2nd gilded Pagcda, S. 15-2. Goid-Smiths working, where, 130,1. 0.331,2. Goid Coaft of Guinea, Trials there by bitter Wafers, S.8. 83. it? Weather, Tides, and Vi^riaiion, W. fi, 3. fee C. Corf.). (jcUtenl. oiihtSambaUo's, its Turtle, O. 182. Brcc7.cs, L. W. v-^- (jo/.'/ew Mountain in Sumatra, d. O. 199. S. r2i 133. ViiloComeZt d,S. 122, 3. 14a. Go«/, what and where ufcd, O. 338. S. C)(), 7^, 7, Congo, a punifhing Inftrument, .;», O. 30?. .'49. Gorconia\. d. O. 172. very wet, wliy, W. 8f,rt. (jovcrnmcnt, where arhitraiy, (damping fndiiifry,; O. 326, 331., f. , at Toncfuin the Choua and Pageant Boua,) S. 42. 6(5, 8, (y>c. (ar. /jV/j^, under Oromheys, and a Pagran*. (^k en.) 141. wliere no Form oi It, but domeftick only, C>. 432. <\6^-. 479. W. 1 12. -fee Mm- '31 in, Prince, Pun'flimcnt, Shabandrr. Craft-m I. of the Bafhees, d. O. ^Cy. .; " ?, ^,0, 8, 9. 43*^. Grain, (eeGorn. fnnall in Africa, Ico Millet. (Iramadanl, an Heib, O. iii. R. Grande, rap- ', O. 42. its Mourlt, ^3. K. Grande de ! itrien, ice Danen R. Grapes where and what, 0.5-32, G ap^-frcc nf p. Cor.Jort, d. '>■ ^i)'^. Graf's whatand where, O. f4, 6, 7. 87. 1 1?., 7. 12 ». 132. 21S. 5M 240, 265-. 347. 40$, 416.416 v^^-.f?,?. ^. 24- C.48. J-R.94. 108. ii'l I .t , #1. I Si, m\i. Ill Gc;;cral I N T>.E X. 10??. 119. VV. 109. fet on fire to burn Enemies, i6^. to manure Ground, C. )-S. none in deep Seas, O. 393. Siik-Gials, where iiid Jiow uied, \V. 110. C. Gratin Diof, its Trade-winds, W. 17. Wcachcr, 82. Current loi, 2, 4, 5-. its River, fee Cape R. Greaiiiig the P>ody, where ufcd, O ^'37. Capr. GrecnhiU's Letters to the A. W, 49. ^3. Gripes, where frequent, O. ifj, 334. Groopcr, Ice Rock-tifli. Groves, what and where. O. 6a. ij-8. S, 24^ 44. C. 6. 107. ice Woods. Idol Grove, where, O. 41 1 . Gu;tm(Gu>ihon} I. of the LnJroKfj, its Tides, W. 96. brisk Tiadc- V/inds thither, 1 1. O. iSf, 6. its Diilance from Mexico, vaiioully reckon'd, and how found .79. zSo, 2, ^,f. to 8. 290. what tiora Mindanao, 2S8. 306 th Stage of the Acapulco-Ship, going out, 24f. 283. 290, 1. Guam. c. its Fruits, 291. i ilh and Indians, 297. their Prop's, d. 298, 9. 300. Hogs, 502. Fort and Spaniards, 300, ^^c. Tnr.c reckon d there as in Eutofe, 377. GuaacfjAcjuo, Port to TruxiUo,0. 98. Guano, d. and where, O. 5-7. 101. 177. 212. 263. 320. 592,' C. 5-0,9. <^»3.96. I iS. Venemous Beaft like it, O. 321. 392. Guards ot Princes, what and where, O. 33 f. 45- j-, 7. S. 6j. 82, Guard-Ships, (iXvfr/j,- where and why kept, 163, 4. 173,4. C. Gardiifeur, {tin Guatd^fuy,) its Winds and Weather, W. 20. Gr.afco, whence its Tmihcr, O. 140, Cua/hkroaip {Gn.iz-tuoalco) R, ^/. C. I2T. 2, 3. Gtuttmnla. C^ity and Volcan, d. O. 22>-. 230. Produft, Uj*, ?, 9. Coall high, 4i;'. low thence to Culiforma, ibid. Current W. joS. Gimttt'cc, (Aguatuko, ) Port, d, its Buffadore, O. 232. 3,9. its Tides 23S. W. 96. T. here once taken by Sit Francis Dr}ik> O. 23;. Guava, ./. and where, O. 2ii.2f8.511. S.23,4. 124. 181. C. 94. 107, S. retii-Cuavre (^Ertnch Tcrtuga) O. 30, 1. 41". ^4, 5-. i92.C,j'j. W.46. Giuixaca, its Cochineel, O. 529. GtitAqtid, or Wyakil, Bay,R. and T. d. O. 147, 9. lyo, 1,1,6. in vain attempted, 1/3, (y^c. when taken, ij-7. Port to ^«./o, 1^2. its Conimodicies, it;. 60. 96. 140. 1^2. Rains, 140. unhealthy I.ii CuiAve, (Torto dd Guayra,) d. O. 65. 18/. C. \iG. Gtiinen Ccali, d. W, 3. 14.80, i, why divided nuo Lee and Windward, 15-. low and gcod anchori:.^, O. 42f. fp^ut there, ./ 4;-2, 3. Winds, WcaLli'.:, and Couifc thi"h(r and thmce, xj^c.^'-i 4. 7. 8. 9. 10, 2, ?. f. 6. 8. 24, Sy :• ;8. 71, 2. 3, f, 6. So. ui Ilarmatr.ui; J. .J9. Cu/rciiti, v.'lrar, fi. and w/.cnthty ih:lt iao.7 Hawk'S' us l^catijer, 8 1. Current! a4> 4+. C. 6. 107. fcf General I N T> E X Hiwks-bill Turtle, O. loj-. Uippopotamns, t. .4'.>.i; old CaiUoAr, R. G4- ^o», Go!ii-Co»Ji, Lonri^o, C. Z-o/ff* .«;i, ^. Winds and Weather, \V. 8. i6, S. Currcrir, G«i«£<» Corn, where, O. 48. W. no, i. Guinea, or Cod»Pcpper, Sauce and Fickle of ir, O. 296. C. 124. Guinea Worms, where a Difeafe, and how cured, C. 89. 90, i. Sea-Gulls, where, W. f(J. Gum, lee Camhodia, Dragon, Lack. Gums clcans'd, by v/hat, O. 319. Guns, great and fmall, where and what, O, 529. 331. 3.1.3. S. 69. 70. a Commodity, 6f. 'C. 41. when diicharged, O. 3.1.3, 9. 3f4. turning on a Swivel, 400. Refts and Coveting, S. 71. 3. Sticks 0. 118. Gun-Powder made, where and how, S. 70, 97, 8, 9. P;e forts. Guts eaten.vhere.O.f^S. See Maw, Cuzurat!, Brokers ac uidin. S. 129. 134, f, 7. M H. RIVER de la Hacha,d. O. 43. its Stock-Fini Wood C. fG. the Galleons touch there, O. iS^. anil Barlaventa Ficer, C. iz6. Hair of the Hsad where black, O. 7. 32. 44. 170. 297. 3 tj-, 6. 39f. 407. 427. 464. 478. S. 40. 128. lank or (licijj'nt O. 7, 525-, 6. 395". 427.464. 478. S. 40. I(»ng, O. 297. 326. .;o-'. 464. 5. 40. 128. thick,. C). 427. S. 40. Oiorr. curl'd, or criipVl, O. ^6\,. f37. W. 108. 1 10. fliorten'd to the Ears, O. 427. 438. Chinefe Fari:ion of it,. 407. S. if. aud Fondneis for ir, 52. fere Chtnefe. Mod: cut off, or flav'd, fee Tartan. Cut otf to yievent fevers, 0. 1 86. how tied by Women, 326. 407. C. 1 14 (luck wichShclh, O. f;^. with Tallow and Feathers, W. ni. flievvn to exprefs a Mjititude, (). 5-14. Of the Beard, fee Beard. Ot the Brows, ice Eye Brows. Horfe-Hair (red) worn in Caps, 419. Half^Moon Proes, d. where, S. f. hallover in Campeachy, d. C. 120, Hdpo, c.O.T,i^. y^] Hiil- rn.r:g':'d, O. zp . fee Mark, Mountain, Soil, and JilnH'Htll, d. C. 44. f!:Ppopr,f.%wii5 River, or Sea Horfe, of Lon:;^^o, d. C. 1-^4, f, '^ cf N-»/»', d. 104, E X. [ouch'd at, iS;. (.. 133, 4. its Produft, O. Tiy. i;-:. worn, Hiff>aniola, its Storms, W. 44, f. 6n. Currents lor. Savan- nahs, O. 87. A'la'ia and Indico, 227. Oran'j;^-Giovps, C, 6. (-"jvi- lied between trench and Spaniards, O. 192. fee C. Alta Vela, Petit- (junvres. Hives for Bees, what and where, C. 112. Hockfing of Beeves, d. and wlicrc, C. 96, 7, 8. Hockfing Iron, Hoc/Jjtt, iti Jars, CTC where ff)ld,0. 419.420. S. 137. Hoes, a Commodity, v/hcrc, C. 119. fee Piantarions. Hogs, what and where, O. 9. 62. 76. 141. 106, 7, 8. 176. i8(S' 100. 240. 302. ^20. 343, 4. 379. 3S2, 7. 392, 7. 406. 410. 1.9' ^i6.43f, 6, 7. 480, 9. 5-32. f4f, 6. S. 2f. 125,7. 181. C. 30, i» 2, 3. 4, 6, 7. 98. 128. (caring fifhy, 10.) \V. 109. Food for them« 0. 166. and Decoys of them, 168. the W^. ladies hovj ftock'd with them, C. 98. not kill'd, nor the Guts meddled with, wlicic, 0. 419. eaten raw, S. 30. Hog-Farms, fee Crauls. China-IIogs, I O. 436. much meafled, 1^. how abhorred by Mahomctuns, 343, f 490. f If. fee Pecary, Warree Hog'Jfe, d. O. 475-. others near it, ib^ Hog PJumb-Tree, a Fruit, ;, C). 3^1. touching there, 5-31. Signs of being near ir, ib. Coifl -nd Prnipf('>, ;^o, I. Table- r. and and H^irhnur, iff 5-3 f, r. D.-^/f/' .^crtlcrn.n's and Ftench Kcfi'gecs, f; '^ *• Prcidu i, ■r3 2. V Da'^h I'^rt, T. and Garc'cn, .^. f3 5. 4, f • I'voviiion and Taxes, h. iiipioptArmu, d. C. '''3,4. Ncgtocs, kcHotrEf.tots. r E J Hcriion, 1 , VI J • I.- ,U ^ I GfHci/il I N 7) E X. lloiiv.on, Clouds there, how an*! of what a Sign, fee Clcu(if The Diwn hij;h or low, p' h^es fii( h Wiiicis, O. 45>8. Horns < f Spiders, Picktij for Teeth, and Tobacco-Pipe^, C 64. Hoifcs, wlicrr, O. 48. » if.aj*;, 4, f , B, 9- i^f. 9.170, i.^^, ;?S7. fU. ''^. If- 47. ^- <''9- '17- 'M-- f", J'i'9- 'oi- ^or.c, (/, 22^ C'ltfP, if9 'o, I, i.CW; here, O. 320. S. 124. 103, 4. ii\. Ccntipec's, 310. Vegetables, Trajc, ^e. Co, 4. 1 ty. li^ 2^'^, 4. Ill, 6, 7, 8. 196. 3 14. 409. C. 7.8. 9. ne.^- HicA, O. 104. 117. Kifli, 33. 104. 149. Nets for Turtle, (t. 39,'. where taken, W. 36. Price of Slaves, 1B4. Ilceping in opt-n Air, W. 41, 1. Frf«f/> Squailron there, \0. fee liUvpjiel,ls, hUw, Mo-in* fain, Monte Diabolo, Legnmyy Point Nf^r//, Point iWr^, /'or/- Jamhy, its Pepper, S. iSz. J-a^an, Store o( good Tea there, O. 409. Soy thence, S. ifi. its Gold pure, (n, 117. Lacquer- Ware, 61. ij-i. Camphirc rcfin'd there, ii<5. Trade thither, what, if. rich, and hov/ to be fettled, joi, 3. 1/7. O. 594. MonfoonsW. 21. Jars, d. O. 196, 7. 419. ^20. 434, f. S. 98, 9. lof. i4<1. 7'»i^'» !• high Coaft, (^. 42f. an I. off it, J. 472, 3. anointing us'd there, f37. Maiming, S, 139. Trade, f. Pepper, 182. engrol.d by the Dntch, 116. Kruit like a Sloe, iif. MaU)an Ipokcn there, I). 394. Counter Winds in Stie'^'^hrs to tiie E. oi it, jfi . StreigUts of Sun da, ^Q^. fee Bantum, liaiavist. Idolatry, fee Airars, h'caih-, Oiovc,-, Irmgc?, Tf.rcnlc, Lamps Papers, P.occrnons, Sa- i.'iccs. Temple?, Torches, and Idols, where and v/hat, O. 39O, 7. 400. 411, 2. S, ^6, 7, 8. JeoUy the painted Piince, Cr>' ^^- Jf"- j"". ?. 4> f. '^. 7- J"^^* Jew-Fi(h, 7- 39'. 4. T- 4-33' 4- 4ff. <>, 9. f37. S. 13 40, 2 64. 112. 129. 130. 142, 3. If J. 164. Ea^ Indian Ocean, its Breadth, O. 289. difcovcr'd by f 30. S. 161. how to be further difcovcr'd, O. 331, 2. Courfe 'a and from, f3i. f49. W. 3. 7. 8. 18, 9. 22,3,4.f. Baiting Place-, 4.0. f27.f3i. Winds and Weather, 306. W. 3. 4. 7. ir, 7, 9. 20 to 7. 39. 47, 8. Storms, 60. Tides, 97. Currents, 107. Filn, O. 90. lof. 174. 449. fee Aracan, Bao, or Boutin, Ba/Jjee Iflaml^, Bengal, hotttonl. Cambodta, Champa, Celebes, Ceylon, China, Cochm- fhina, P.Condorc, Coromandel, Formofa^ Japan, Java, LadroKes. Mxlabar, Malacca and M*lay.%n, Mean^is, l^luobar, Ombs, Pcniar^, VegH, Phiiippme Ifiis, Pijcadores, Pr^cd, Praia, S'.nm, Spiccltl.in.ii, [ E 2 ] Sumatra, 391, 31S. i|- 3" fi.-^'. 3-V^- ■S-.' General I N 'D E X: Sumatra, Timor, Tonquin, P. U6j, E. Intlia Voytt^t ((iUnm'.) nortd, S iij*. Pfefi-liidtesy Courfc to or from it, VV. 9. 18. x^, j-. ^^9. 4.0. fi. Wmdj and VVeatkcr, 17, 24,, 7. 102. Scafon of Suf;ar Makmi', Si, 2. Storms, 60. O, 45'i. Tides, W. 97. Currents, 101, x, ^, f,6. Change there, O. 5-8. Produ(ftions, 54.87. 91. loi, 2, 3,4. 204. 21;. 222, 7. 313, 4, f. ? 20. 426. 45-^.4.8. 24. C. 09. i«- Ji.ms, VV. their Habit, Stage, Mnnagcment, Ulagcs, (^c. O. 7, (yc. 12, 5, S, 9, 20, I, 3, 4. 31, 2, 8. 41, 3, 4. I I ^, 4. 11^,4, 7, V M4- '4C4« f-8'9-'r3.4. 7- '^^J.?. ^.9- « 70. 181, 2,;,+. 191,^, r. 8. 118. 229. 2;^ 4, f. 2+9. 25-0, I, 7,8,9.264, f, 6. 171, ^. ^09. 484, f, 6.5-58, 9. C. 51. 42, 5,6. 94, f. lie to 114, 7,8. I 5 I . fee Anitric.t, jitluntick iiea. Seci/. And' ecu, ArubA, Aves, bbi.- en, Boccadal Dra<^o, BcccAToro, Bon(nry.Camleachy,CaractOi,Carii/ie Cart/icena, Comnna, Ccejuihocoa, Coru I. Cuba, Cttrrajao {^uirtitu) D.trUr., CrandeK. Ctticire, [Guayrd) I'ltrida, R.U Hacha, tJijpanwU, hon.itir^f.Jamiiict*, iJihmus^jHcatarit Muracaybo^ Margarita, SanH* MArtl.a, Mexico Gulph, Moskilo's, Nicaraj^ua, I'earl-ljlts^ Madre dt Topi, Cofla Riea, Po^to Rict, providence, C. Romarr, Sam6alo'},^cHii^, 'fortw^a, Tnnidadit, C. la VeUy Vaiczutla, Vertna. h.dian Corn, fee M.iiz. Ir.dico, d, where, and how made, O. ?i), 6. (Price of 11; 217, Ittdrapore in Stematra, O. j-ii, 2, 3. its Pepper, S. iSi. Jndrnn^l t- hand, what the Dutch call fo, (). 289. Tnfcdh, a poifonous one, d. O. 321. fee Anrs, Bees, Beetles, Ccn- tipcos, Cochineal, Land Crahs, Flies, Frogs, Galliwafps, Guano' >, Liz,aicls, Locufts, Magf'ots, Moskitoes, or Gnats, Scorpions, Snakes, Soldiers, Spider.";, Toads, Wood-Lice, or White Ants. Inflrument-Cafc's, Coverings for them, C. 73;. St.Jvkn's I. by China, d. its AnioTals, Rice, Inhabitant"?, IIouftT, Husbandry, O. 406 to 410. Beli-Idol and Temple, 411, 2. Shipping, 4t2, 5. St. Johnl. of the Philippines, d. O. ^06, 8, 9. 384. 442, 3. C.zv'X. John/on' s Murder, S, 110, f^c. Jonks oi Anyam,d. S. 8. 9. of the Chinefe, 136. ice Chinefe, InfJ) Beef, a Commodity, O. f 3. Men, 3B8. C. 77, 8. Iron, how wrought by the Moskitoes, O. 48, f. where none, 4<;4, 6. wild Indians havenot the Ufc of it, 8y. its Value among them, and how and where a Commodity, 12. 3, 8. 23. 3f6. 360, 3. 371. 43 1,4, f, 8, 9,8. 167.0. 1 10,9. underflood and wrought, where, 0. 429.43 2. Iron Rings made,W. 1 1 1 . fee Axes, Guns, Hatchets, Hock- fing-Iron, Hoes, Knives, Macheats, Needles, Saws, Sciflars, Wedge?. Iflands, Ranges of them have beft Land Breezes, W. 34, (>. re- mote from the Continent have I'mall Tides, 91, f, 6. lilind? AKor.ymoHs, in the B. oi Panama, O. 17$-, 6,7, 8. 1S8. 198. of Spire. 317. ^cti Spire, near Sebo, with Canes, d. 379, 3S0. The Trjc IjiaruUt fi^c Bujhee. Ifp.ikv, a !■! W: i General I N T> E X. ifpJiMt Merchants fpend the hotScafon there, W. 48. Ijlhrntis of America, or Duiun, itj F5icczt.vs on the N. W.rj. Ccdars.O.ip. Mountain Co ".Cioj. tts/n^MWi.O. i2,3,4,j-,8. to a4- 40. »8x. Entiniestotholl-of the K. D«r/>», 41. a Rcceipc of theirs, 449. Intcrc'jurfc with rht; Miflj, ami how hcj^an, %r. ,80, to 4. 161. and Privatccis crofling tic Ijlhmus, Intr. III. ir, to 14 191, 6, 7. fliortcft Pafljge 23. Soil. iS. CrofTcs, ib. Main Kidf^e, Z2. for particular Places, d. Ice the Map, O. i. jHcatan, (TucatM,) Coafts, Rivers, Towns, &c. d. C.Cf.Xo 16, u, z. and Winds, W. 31. 3. Weather, 82. Currents, lof. Look- outs, C. 13, 4, J-. Soil, 14, 5-. Saltpetre, 11. Salt-Ponds, 14. Trade, 10, i. Vegetables, lo, i ,i,4,6.f7. Fowl and Dtcr. if. Indians Watchmen, 13,4, Fiftiermen, Fifli.Fift/mg Banks, and Towns, ii, ], 4. f . go in iunk Canoa's, 1 1. Spaniards, n, f. Privaiccis theic, ii.i.f. for particular Places, d. fee the Map.C. 1 Port St. Julian, its Oyftcrs, O. 177. Janice, by Agreement, O.4J2. corrupt, S. 78. amicable, ib, no Courts of it, Appcil, nor Delay. 80. Juft Seamen, uj. K. KEYS, or Illands, fee of Cnbn^ G)uibo. Keyhooca, fee C lihooca. K mgs, fee Princes. King's-IJlandi, fee Vearl-Jjlands. Kittimpur/^o, ihc Hippopotamus io called, C. lof. Knircs, a Commodity, C. 41. n^. valued by Indians, O. 13. ^^ L. LACK, (Laque,) for Japaning, what and where, S. 22, 4, f. d.6i,i. 10J-. a Commodity, ib. O. 400. Lacker Ware, what and where made, 409. S. 24.41. f4. 60. d. 6i, 2. 71,4. Ladders, how and where us'd, O. ifi. 428,9. fee iJongo. Ladles made of Coco-Nut Shell, O.294. Ladrone Iflcs, Situation and Winds, O. 297, 8. 9. 300. fee Quam. Ligunes, or Salt-Watcr Lakes, O. 241, 2. 262,4. moft Fifli 14.1, 3. 264, f. and L. Breezes, W. 34, |-, 6. and Tides, 91, 2, 3. Ice Termina. Lamps burning before Idols, O. 396, 7. 412. Lances, where ufed, O. 117. 337. 400. 432. ^66, 7, 9. S. 72,' C' 113. 176. Lance- Wood, d. where found, and Ulcs ot it, O. 118. Land, how known to be nigh, fee Clouds. See Bays, Cape^, Coafts, Msrks, Mountains, Rocks, Soil. Landing, bad.O. 7f.23i, :, 9 247. 2^1, 3,4. 2(52,4, 7. 421, 3, 4, f. C. 107. 118. 123. good I . 1.' ( ' h ( ■' J.. 'i\ il- ^ . Cr;/^rtf/ I N T> E X. good. 4S. O.I jv 169. i^j. ij-S. 164.421, 3 , 4, f . Und difco. V«rcd by C^^l. Davis, ^ifi. r.mgiiagc"!!, what ami where fpo ken, O. 530, 1. 431. fcp /fr^. /^r/:, Chtrn't, Malay nn, Meangian, thiiippine, Spauijh, 'lonnnm^t. WoiiJi of fevcral, Ice Words. Laos, Kingdom, .S. 18.11. La/cars, poor E. Indian Scirrcn. S. ill. F^atitudt's, by Ohfcrvanon, O.81, 3 no. 181, f,6,7. 4ir 4f;. 474. 494. by Reckoning, erroneous, 188, 9. 190. the A. in 60. S Lar. 85. Lavelia, it. O. T76. 211. Commodities, 186. Lima F!c« flicVcr there, 100, I, 8. najilant, who, ^%6. his CharafVer, Family, F.xpditioiT;, err 536, 7, 8.9. 34f. 3f6,7, 36(5.7,8. Intercourle between liim and *hc Eos'JifJj, 316. 349. 3f3,4, 6,7,8, f. 361,1,4 6,7.8,9. 3; , 444,^,6. I.avvs, ftiidicd. S. 38. ftri^, 138. fee Fire, Government, Juftic*, Piiniflimcnt. I.cad, a Cominodity, where, O. 360, 3. 435-. S. 6f. I-carning, what and where, O. 330,1.8. 5-9. 6 j. 81. 137. Leather, fee Goat -Skin:. Letve^ird IJJvuli, the Cardhe, why called fo, W. i/. fee dimtx. Leg-;, how fwith'd, and why, C). 31. how broken, S. 77. clog- ged, 78. rcople going bire-lcg'd, 43. O. 316 480. 45-6. fitting f:rol'>- kg;rd, ?;o. Lt^am^, Lf7anea, in yamaica, W. 36. 83. JLempa, R. Boundary of the SpanifJ} Trade, (^r. O, ijj-. Leon, O. 213. Port, 2 if. fee RealeJA. Creek, 217. City and Country, . Mn.e, chcw'd, O. 318, 9. S. f4, f. fee Arek, I'.etlc, fJiinntn. I.imc-Trce and hruir, C. y4. S. aj. r/. 24. 45. 114. .f6,j. Current, 107. its Hippopotamus, d. C. 104, j*. 6. l.Lohs JelaMer, d. O. 9*^, 7. its Provilion, »^. r4'5. 1^9. 1. Ic^o; E X. hUUce* Coaft and Prom. S. 4. low, if3, 9. 170, 1. \f% F.ult», ffc. i6j. 181, 1. Uil'ot Oil, (>, f37. kc /ifjorff 1», IKtrfMoit^ 'S^utd* and '^SUltKfn Town toucliM nr, S. 4. if". 16}, 4. Hirl'our, i<^»f,i7o. Tide*, W. 99. Pilots, S. 4. I'orts Clungo nl Mtilcrs, Mjikctj, Tracif, O'f. '/. Ill, 5". if9 fo »68. 174. U, 400. Shops, J. S. f. no, I. ice Dutch, its Tongue, <), :594. Ice A/*//i^4« Lani',ui}',e, liow and where lp«>kcn, O. 330. Crlw Lint^ua Fr^Hcn of the F.ifl; ;?94, f. 414. 4S4. f 13, 4. f. S. 118. i?i. 171, a Imooth Tongue, f 9. wlicic Icaint for Trade, (yc (). 395-, S. f 13, )-. not, S. f.irif>j, 479. ytt a few Words of ir, 16. 482. ice hUUy^ns ('of Maliicc.t, Sttnufrn, £cc.) tlicir VcHlls full of Men, 0.401, 1. their Army, 4r»i. S. 176. 184. fn^'u ni)t in thcR lin, 176. liold and defpcrate, O. 400, i. S. i' S. U4. i6f. 17 i, 3, f,6,7. iSi. InuRhty,ii8. treacherous, 113. 181. O. 402. IVavs with them, 400, I. 5-18, 9. S. 1 10 to iif. I7f. rt. 184. their liaj t'a atnis'd, /^. love Trade, i ly. i6f, 6, 7. civilfz'd by ir, but awd by \\\cD'itch, iif, 7, 8. 163, 4, J. 173,4, f. iSi. 0:e Dutch Indium. Their F.mploymcnts, iSr, 2. love Opium. i3, 9. j-jj. C. 7^ 109. 128. Thongs of rhe Skin, 31*. quick ot hearing, 37. but not of sight, 4^-4. Manatee- Grafs, d. 34. C. 109. a lirallcr hxfli Water Minatce,*/. ib. the AI/'«- i/.. ofAcfyiiJ, fee Oromkeys, MM^eral, and T. E X. Mnnprove-Trecs, and their Kinds, (white, bl.iclc, red,) nnd Man jrrovc l.cnd, J. and where, O. j-i. d. f4, 5-. i n. i jp. x^r>, x, <■ r/ 1;.;.. ZI7. 111. 164.8. 124. C. II, i,4, 6, 7,8. 30. I, I'^p ' • 2. 3.6.94.i-j7.ii8.\V.3j-. 93,;.Oyftcrsgrowingtothcir Root/ C. 17. MaulU T. Haibour, Shipping there, and Trade, d, O. 245-, <; ;? ; I, 2, ;. 3S5 , 7, 8. (P. Condore, a good Stage to it, fee CJum,] ;;94. 40 f, 6. C. 1 2 1 , z, ;. fee AcapuUo Ship. Profpc.^'f of tlicCoafl .Vanili.i ilircatcn'd hy the Ch'mefe, O. t^-^x. their KacSlors tiicrc and fKiminfT, 410. an Irif) Man fettled tlicre, 38S. fee Spamardu Ma- ^;/7/.> Tobacco, ice Tobacco. Maiintrs oi Tcople, Moral Qualities, ^c. what and where,'—- (inod, hrisk and couragious, <">. 8. 44. 400. S. j-o. patienr, O. 41)2, :?, C. 1 16. obedient, i/^". S. 42. (J. 45-4. qmet and pcacc- f;'.;!e, end chearful, c5^f. 43 ^ ('Vid to be, 477. not, S. pf.) C. nf, <5, juft nn.! tru;-, O. 4^3, f. (laid ro be, 477. not, S. 95- ) S. 166. ■Ic-e Jullicc, Pii:iin-.mcnt. Contented in Poverty, C. 116. (). n». legging modeflly, 433. cleanly, nest, and tighr, li. 4^4, laborious r.nddii^cnr, S. 41, 2. 174. i3i. good natui'd, 128, affable, cour- tcour., and civil, O, 297. 39f. 4?4. f- 4^'^- 490. S. j-o. i8f. hof- pitabic, civil to Strangers, and C3li:y acquainted v;ith them. (). 12. 19. 10, I 78. 326, 7, 8. 400. 433 to 9. 482, 6. 490. S. 84. i.".8.V/. 112. i.atural AfFcftion, O. 25-0. 432. Bad, laz/ and idle, proud and hau;;hty, ambitious, iniblent, O. 326. S. p. 120. i?8. V/. 5-,-, no. fullen or flubborn, O. 8. 44. implacable and cruel, 326. S. 83. W. 108. revengeful, O. 8. 326. 3;8. 374. (!l'C PoifoniDg) S. 181. ily and treacherou';, /^. O. 3^. ^6i, 4. ;37o. (kc R. Lant) 401, 2. opprcflivc, S. 8f. faHe and pcrverfc, laid f<> be, 9)-. conhaiy to O. 477. thicvifli, ii>. S. fo. n8. 1^8, f).(). 7'j. 31S. 32.'). 3f6. ovcr-rcp.ching --^f, 9. 370. wiiccdlinf; and difiuiibiing, 35-8, 9. 3f>2, 7. bcggii g, 327, 8. 36f, 9. yo. ( bu; niadcniy; 4:;3. low- fpnitcd, S. 42. Cjaniing, i6. lc;c darning. Naiiy in Diet, fee Cookery; in Flabit, O. 5-37, S, 9. Drinking Juid, 10. 3r;9. 433. War.ton and Pimp", S. 8y. Proflitutitig oi" Women, f.c Women. Lmnatural, fee P.ircnts, Children, Wives. Mirst Mclancholly and thoughtful, O. 127. C. m^. in- uirioii', C). 9. II. 4<>, 7, 8, 9. fubtlc, S. 60. 138, 9. in awe of rriiires Severity, (). 326, fierce, bod. and /avage, O. ;S. 4'.' 167.401, 2. kis than reported, 4^4, f, 6. ealiiy ainui'd, ^-4 loving Tiado, ice Indians, Malayans. I^'cartul of Enrol euns, ami loon aO'ngiittd, 309. 43 f. 467, 9. 488. not liking the fame Houlc with Strangers, 4S2, 6. nor to drink afrer thtm, foi. (ee AUhomi'tMs. //flowing them n general Cjnfervation with their Women, 327. !>• :?rt7, o. V(.t jca]( us, 367. 374. loving to be vihtcd, S. 84. living, m romnion, O. 46^. from Hand to Month, i6. 326. ignuran':yl v.oiking, 4(i8. Natural Qualities, fee Qualificitiotis. General I N T> E X: MantUt d. O. i?f. touch'd at by Pynama Ships, i6. Manufadures, iee Callicocs, Cloth, Eartlicn-Ware, Lacker- Ware* Fins, Leather, Moloffo's, Muflin-;, Palmeto- Works, Pitch, Salt, Silks, Soap, Stockings, Sugar, Wine. Sec Commodities. Maraycaybo Gu'ph, its Breezes, W. 3. Wenther, 82, 3. The Gal- leons and Barlaventa Meet touch there, O. iSj". C. 126, Marble Rocks, where, S. 19. 20. Mar^ariul. its Currents, W. 102. Pearl-Oyftcrs, O. 173. The Armada and BarUz/entx Fleet touch there, 185-. C, 116. Maria's Ifles, d. O. 274, f , 6. Maria I. of the Ladrones, fee Guam, Sancia Maria R. T. and Gold Mines, d. O. 15-8, 9. \-jf, 193, ^^ J-. taken by Privateers, Intr. IIL quitted to them, 191, f. V. M^iry's Image, a celebrated one, O. 42. one taken, 99. (cc Saints. Marks and Makings of Land o(T at Sea, O. 42. 5-9. $-7. 82. 94, $■, 111,2,8,9. 120. 2, 131, 3,6. 147. 172,4. 2i(^. 2 2J-. 250, 1, a. 3, 9. 242,4,8. zfi.i, f. 6, 7. 26r, 2, 5, 6, 7. 27J-, 9. 291. ^09. 379. 382,4, f, 9. 390. 416. 447,8. 45-4, 9.460.5-30,1. S.9. lo, I. 121 ifS, 9. 179. 180. C. 16. W. 5-6. 85-. Markets and Provilion, what and where, S. 30. 129. ij'Si 162, 3. Marmalade, a Commodity, where, O.44. r)(). 174. Port Marquis, d. O. 247. Marriages, early, C. 114, j*. Feafts, O. 334. W. 11 r, 2. Sancia Martha, and its high Land, d, O. 42. low Coafts to the E. and W. 424. Rains, 44. Breezes r.nd Cour/e, W. 40. Stock-Fidj Wood, C. f8. the Galleons and Barlaventa Fleet touch there, 126. 0. iSj-. 5/. Martin's high Land, . 42. r2 3. Breezes, W. 34. Don Mafcarin's Iflc, or Ewj/r'/^ Forrrj}, its Land-Tortoile, O. 102. Masking us*d in Church :3, where, O. 127. C. Mf. Majfaclan, d. O. 265-. Malls of Ships, O. 394.. 412, 3. S. 64. 171, i. fee Timber, Trees. Mathematick^ learnt, vrherc, S. 60, MatiqHe Gulph, O. 225-, 7. Maw3 of Goats eaten, how and where, O. 429. 430. Maxenteloo Rock, d. O. 267. Mayo Illand of the C. Verds, d. and its Governor trcpand, O. If- Meangis Ifles, O. 347. Commodities, 3)-o. f 12, 3, 4. the Inha- bitants, their faiuiiig. Oriumcnts, Fao.l, c^^r. 5'i4. /» ^'> 7- *<-'^ Jeoly, i¥x\ MeCi'.a- M t General I N T> E X. Mcclunicks, S. 41. 60. 130, 6, 1 3 r. fee Artificers.' A/e//w->ipeachy,yuceitiiU,£loruk; \:, Ifultjns no great I'riends to the SparnarJs, C. 122. Mixico City, Paflcnpcrs and Ports to it, O. iS;*. 244, j-.:)-;, faltcd Shrimps a Ccmmodiry there, C. 127, 8. Mice, where, C. 63. Sr. Michael's Gu\]^h, O. y. d. 193. Weather, W. S3. Tide:, 93. >"• S:. M:ch,Hl's M(unr, nnd T. d.O. 122, ?. Mi!k (our '/V'.rc) for fluxes, S. 148. (of Almonds, il>) drank or- dinanly. whcit, W. 1 1 1. MinUi^nno, ip Worms, 362, 3. Aits.lVlani:- fadtur^?, and Utenfils, 315-. 327. 331, 2. 360. ^i^. $. 131. i'^' Shipping and Trade, O. 325-. 332 to (5. 354, C, 360, 3. iccir.r. tS"i; 1,1 ,;;H. ''I. iiilLi )'!«■* U 1 5;x Artificers.' Ions, 114.0.301. 31 J 114. 16} . So, 8, 9, 4po. Manners, Ornaments, -J »ii. ?• 134.5". A/4- S. 135-, 6, there, S. iji. fo4. S. 131. Tc low, 42f. itsTrndc. 3. Current.s loS.fmiii g. 143. little Sh!(pm^ :inn Land, and by Lami thin at tiio Coaft, and rich and pkafant Parts 'or other Places, ./. lie h Mines conctal'ti, 0, O. 225-. fee the Map, >V. If. i'rcezes, 34.40. ■r-Bank near it, "C. ;S, d Barlazenta I'lecr, w, 3ca, Haniago, Mechajiy.^ , Jucatm,tloruU; iti 122. O. 185-. 244,;.:;;. ather, VV. S3. Tidj:, imonds, tl>) drank or- |urs, Soil, 0'C. O. 337. 384. Weather and 1. 370. W. 39. t*lU'..dS: [28, 9. 350.346,8/;, ■. Vc'getahies, 310, f, ^o, 1. 346, 7, 8. 3)-'- 362, 3. Aits,Alar,a- C. 3 (Jo, 3. Iccinu.i'- General I N T> E X. !y defir'd with the En^lijl}, 349. 35-9. sp.vi'mrds hated, D«^'/j fcar'd, »^. 331. once had a Commerce with Mar.uUspantardh 305-. fubjea to them, 351. Advantage ot icttling at Mindanao, and Way thither, 349. 35-0, i, 2. Opportunity the A. had for it, 316, 7. ?3i-349'3.5'o> ^' 4- Mmlanciuns (ice Alforeei, Hilanoons, Sologues,) Md Mindauians peculiarly fo call'd, J. their Perfons, Cloaths, Qaali- r\ss,&c, 324 to S. 334 to 8. 340, 1,1,6,8. 35-6 to 9. 361, 2,.}. to 9. 370,4,8.5. 129. Eating and Entcit.imnents, O. 511, 9. 329. 3ff to 9. 36f, 8, 9. what Betle beft liked, S. 24. Marriages and Dilcaies, O. 334. Weapons and Way ot Fighting, 337, 8, 9. Sports, Ornaments, Mufick, and dancing Women, ii^. to ^42. 361. Comrades and Pagallies, 527, 8. 35-8, 9. 364, f. 373. Wives and Concubines, 32S. 534 to 8. 366, 7, 8. 374. Languages and Learn- ing, 327. 330, I. 431. Rtii^^ion, Molqucs, 5?,8. Circumciiion, &^- 337' 9- 34°' 1' ^» 3- 3^9- 37°- |i 5-17. Duj^ejue's I'i^ht, f 22. Cold at the Cape of Good Hope, and S, Wind, ^29. Manatee at Sr. Hellena^ 5-47. Canibals, 484, 5% 6. Mangalian, S. Uf, Malayan at Tonqtm, 5-9. in confounding Alligator end Croco- dile, C. 74, f, 6. Mountain- Cow and Hippopotamus, ici to 7. Arek and Bttlc, S. ^4. as to Cedars never being worm eaten, O.29. the Acapulco Trade, O. 24<5, Mo^td, Engltfh ferve him, O. S°1'9' '^'^'' ^'^^^^ ^'^^' ^* ^4^» Mole to keep oil Floods, ./. and where, S. 49. Mc'.inht I .' n\.'. i i' .in Cc;/cral 1 M T> E X. yiollnbo, Cabenbo, 8<:c. Negroes daace at New and Full Moon, MolofTo's. where. O. 186. Mouaftery, SpaniJJy, where, O. 41. of Nuns, 114. Money brought from jF^p^ny S. if. oi Aching 132. Trade hm- dcr'd through Want of it, 41, r. fi. where none, W. in. Cacao goes infteadof it, O. 62. C. 120. Money-Changers, Women, S, 60. 133,1. 142. fee Coin, Pieces of EigKt. Monkeys eaten, and where found, O. 14. 10, i. 39. (black and little) 172, ;;. 212. 320. S. 124. {d. and their Tricks) C. j-y. do. Monmouth I. d. O. 38f. 422, 5-, 6, 8, 9; 436. Monfoons, fee among Winds. Moon, influencing Tides, where, W. 90, 7, 8. Currents, io::>, ;, 6, 7. not, ft, 2. Trade-Winds, 18, 9. Storms, 60. 72. S, ;6, Lunar Year, 5-3. Eclipfe, 147. Dancing at New and Full, O. {\\. W. ff. III. Half- Moon Proes, d. and where, S. j*. Moorsy who in E. India^ O. 5-07, 8, 9. S. 146. i^-S. 162. Mora de V or cos, J, O. 2 1 1 . Moroon'd, where and when Men faid to be, C. S4. VilU tie Mofe taken, C. 109. 110. d. and Trade, 1 10, r, 9. ' Moskiio (Mo/quito) Indians, their Qualifications, Country, Halit of Body, Way of Living, Ingeny, f^c. J. O. 7. 8. 9. 10, i, S;. dextrous ftriking of Fifli, and Management of Canoas, 1.2. 5y,6, 7. 160. 234. 277. 4f3. C. 13. 109. Hift. of one left at I. Fer- TiAndo's, 0.84, f, 6. love EngLtJlj and Englt^j Names, 86, 7. breed up \. Gret, 181. Moskicocs or Gnats, where, O. 3^6, 7, C. 80. xao. — —Cove, W. 68. Mofqucs, where, O. 338. S. 129. . j^6. i^S. i6i. General I N "D E X. Mozambique, Ambcrgriefc, O. 74. Trade, W. 108. Mud-fifh, where, S. 128. Muger-Key, or Wbmens L C. 8 9. Mol/attoe and Mojlefos, who, and where, O. i85. 249. lyo, li C. Hi. Mulberry Tree and Fruit, v/hat, where, and how ufed, S. ij. 4- Mules, where, O. g^. 149. i^o. 177. C. 112. Mullets, where, O. 321. S. 128. C. 71. Munjack, Pitch, d. where, and its Ure,C, 150. Muicles, where, O. 15-5. 175, 4,7 395. (Tcarcc) 4()f . Mulick, where us'd, W. in. fee Bells, Drums, Gongs, Hnut- bovs, Pipes, Strumftrums, That of the W. ImiUtu, doleful, 0,127. Musk, where a Commodity, S. 61. whence, and how got, 64. Musk-Kernels, Musky-Flefh and Eggs of the Alligator, C. 7/. O. Muflins, a Commodity, where, O. 137. 247. fee Cloth. N. NAIL of the Left Thumb kept long, where, 0. 116. Naked, People going fo, all but a Cloth about the Middle^ a Sadi or fliort Petticoat, O. 11. 31, 2. 40.427. 479, 5-16, or Thong with Grafs or Leaves, 464, f. or Apron of Silk -grafs Cloth, W. 1 1 o. Sir y. Narborough, mifinformed, in what, O. 24.:(_ fee HcJlvul. Sec ScTV- rj7^!^nd hulians, cxploif of Tjiiic of fhcm, C. 13 r. Kcvfoundlvul, a cold Country, C. i. iis Trade profi^-jble to T.n;rJarJ, 131. ren[;; lins, O. 97, High Coafts and deep Scis, 4-?- Ki^ean, Prov. o[ Tonqtnn, S. ii. lufly Men and good Eatcp' 7'- , Kicaragu^, L. Tr.ulc by it, and its Wood, O. iif. See B!ood- v/ood. Nuo^'-'ir Ifle?, ^/. O. 47^. Commoflin'os and difTerenr ClaraftC"; of the Inhabitantr, ^77. with S. 94, f. Ambcrgricle, true and coi.a- tcrfeit, O. 72,5. 477. 481,2. Onoas, 483, i.Sec Nicc'.'r.rl. properly fo call'd, d. O. 477, 8. itr, Fruits, Anima!?, Plantition,-, 47S, 9. 480. See Mciory. The Inhabitants, ihci:H: Mr, I.anguaf^e, Floufes, Way of Life, Difpolition, 0™r. 47^!. 9.4S:, 6, 8, 9. 490. ProcV, or CJanoa's, d. 480, 1,6, 7, 8, 9. 49a. Ni;;ht, then moft Rain in tlic wet Scalbn, W. 88, Smginp; ani D.incin^ then ufual, v/liere, O. 127. 4/9. 5-41 . tiics thin ic?;;, 382. 4f9. Drum heard, 4)'3. Ni^ril Point in J^mnicat C. 38, 9. Koddy Bird, -. 478. S. 40. 12S. C. I \f. W. 1 10. Nuke mum, a Pirkle, what and where, C. 28. 30. Nurlc Fifii, il. rnd where, C. 2^. 3f. Nutmeg'!, whe'e, O. 316.447. 5-13. a Commodity, and Price, S. i;2. Wild or Dallard Nutmegs, without Smell or Taftt;, 39».2. 2ulo Nutiee, Water and Provlfions, S. 4. O. OAkim for caiking Ships, O. 29$'. Oaks, the only ones Icen by the Author in the Torrid Zov.i. C."f3. Oarrhci, d. O. 25-/. Oar!, ' in the Torrid Zon;, General I N T> E X. Qjrc, what, where, and how us'd, O. 4.29. 490. S. 5*. tj, 4. 75* .' heft Looms or Handles, oF wliat Wood, ^4. 118, Oath of Allegiance, where and how taken, S. 82, 3. Obfcrvations taken of the Sun, O. 82. 281. fee Latitudes by Ob. Offerings to Idols, Fledi, O. 411. burnt Sticks, 412. fee Paper, Oil, a Commodity where, O. 442, ;. 196. 214. of Cocn Nuts, how made, 294. where us'd,(and Palm-Oil,) for anointing the Bcdy. f37, 8. Train Oil of Seals, where to be had, 90. G. 26, 7, 8 of Sea-Turtle, O. 109. no. 59^. (and of PorpuffesJ S. 6. 8. fweet Oils us'd againft Harmatans, W. 5*0. Old Wives, riHi, where, S. 128. Oleta. R. d. O. 267. Otnhci I. d. and Ifles and Shoals near it, O. \f^. OnehufJj Key, fee Bulh. Onions, where, S. 25. 127. Opium, a valuable Commodity, v/here, S. 1^4. i<)f, 6. Oranges, what and where, O. 25-8. 29 r. 5 11. (Camchain and Ciimquif,) S. 25, 4. 4f. p. , 2. 124. 163. i8i. C. 6. 94. Orange L f' Sn* ^' S- 4°» '• ^« ^H- W. II I. Pulo Or<7, S. f . Oromkeys o£ Achin, O. j-oo. S. 1+1, 2, 3, 4. Oftridgcs, fee Eftrigcs. Otoque I. <:/. O. 200. Otta, fee Anatta. Oven made in Sand, O. 27)". a Fence from Fire, S. 45*, 6. Outcry of Fifh at A/;ii/icf/i, Mannerofit, S. 163. Outlngersof Boats, what, O. 299. 4S0 howferviccable,487.492» f, 7. fee Proes. Oyfters, Oyncr-Banks, and Peal Oyft-Ts, what and where, O. 43- If 3. 173, 4> 6, 7. S. 9. 89. 163. C. 17. 28 . P. PAC HECA I. O. d. 175-. 195, 9. 2o<5. Uacifick Sea. what properly fo, O. 94. and how made ^o, W. 78, 9. 83. Dews and Mifts, though no Rain, 78. O. (j\. and great Waves, ib. healthy Coafi, 15-3. Paddles, how and wjiere us'd, O - 299 . W. 58, 9. Padres fee Priefts {Jipantjh.} Pagally, what and where, O. 327, 8. 3)-3. 364, f. 377. S. Pageants, O. 340, i . Fageint Princes, fee Votm, Qj^oiArhm. {01 Vugfdt^f, m^ 1 ■■ V 1 ( ' M'.ilf r-Wri. General I N 'D E X. t»gciU'>, Idol T'-mpki, whac and where, S. $6, 7. 90, i, 2 i'.'Fo./^, Coin, liow much, O. foy. raiiitaj, wh:rc, 5. 60. m.G. O, 409. painting the Cotiy, v.krc and how, ^u^.y^^-j. the Tec; h black, S.41. P.ibr-;s, ,;. S. 47. 8. 130. l_c Floulci, PaLui!;^!!, (>r the Sulian oi MimUr.ao, O. 341. I'idimLtAm in 'u/n.ifr^, its Pepper Trade, U. 4JI. I'uL'-'C 't 111 Corbintii.Jel, O. yzi. why deferred, W. 74. and PalincU), or, J Works and Thatch of it, .\ow, ?4 425-. iiounds, 164. Ri. vers, 17S. Sliip WornT^, 565. llai",3. Air, c^^c. jS6. W. 8;. VVinC", ^7> 9- 3i> 5" 40- ^^- '^^- Tides, W. 97, 6. iflands, 93*. J. (;. 174, f . !9;5, 9. 200, 2, 6. 21 1, fee the Map, O. i. l\i-'ia:nn City, d. O. 17S, 9. 186. its Strength, 205*. wlicncc its Piovilioii, 176. its Commerce wirji Tortobjl^ 179. 18^., f. Courlc towari'r, Lnr,a, 4. < 3f. 167. and from Uma thither, 200, i. Oid T.marn.i burnt, 178. Vau^ij/i aSi>>miijJ. unfrequented, O. 382. 1- ires in the Nij^iit, li. Pa^ifal'un.xm (ViJ'ii;.\lj>.y^ o? Lrupnia, d. O. i?>^. i'^'i^.illnnm in .V«r/>.{/r.j, lU Pcj per, S. 182. I'aiirile, fee Ilcofs. l'ii.iuk R. and Ciiv, d. C 127. Paper, whar ciui where rr.aJe, S. 60, i. Lurnt in 5.Jcnn ■" 'a l^:, ^S.9. O. 39r>. Pjrncies :n Upai-Ji/h Town", O. 219. 269. 587. C. 46. P^irshites, where, O. 311. .-92. 416. 45-8. S. 26. i 2S C. <>,'. Pd-.enrs play away Children, wiiere, S. 4;. ?"• ^> 9. f<^- ^f'^''*" I^^'Ughtcrs to lluibands, i^ drcn. PuV) P.-r^o'cr, ,1. S. ijR, o. Pairarol.i, Kifli, tl. (lomi • ...^ts poifunoutj C. 71, 2. P.jHjt';, wlierc r.ii'. what, O. 39, 32^. 392. S. z^izS. :S'f.C (f. I Tj. (;i tine l.;iC, ./) li-, 9. .h, fell t;-r it'j c. iiitinj; tlie Cody, v.htrc 2. Iirc3 in the N.vht, Liirnt in .'^•jcul'i:.* 9 General I N T> E X. PartrifJges, wherp, S. i6. C, V^jfio, Hccp in, a Commodity, C.41. ncccflary, 80. Paving of Streets, S. 47. fee Floors. St. Paul's I. O. 1 7 f, 206. Paunches of Goatr, how drcffcd and eaten, O. 419. 430. Pea", where growing, O. $-32. Peacod-, a linA like ir, where and whiti W. 109. Pea''", when? growing, O. f32. Pearl, Pearl-OyAcrs and Fiflicry, where and v.'ha', O. 4;. '75, 4. I". 244. S. 8. 89. Mother of Pearl, where good, O. Pesrl-lflnncU by Tor.qum, S. 11. Tearl-lfmds in the IV. Indies, Tee Corn-I/landf. Pearl- f/larjils, cr KnigS'Iflands by Parmma^ O. 171. E X. Cntnea or Cod Pepper, Sauce, ' * : u I ' Crz/rr^/ INDEX. Polygimy, wlicrc,0.35+.(tlic Sultan,) :^ff. j-i,^. s. p. ^4 v; 111. Ponip,rnmte«, wFierp and wliaf, O. fji, 4. T, 114. fee Maninf tan. '• Ponir, mrHicinal HcrNs floatinj^ on tlifm, S. ij, 3.Duckponf1-, a6. Killi-ponds, 27,9. 48.ff. F'onr-Ticr, ./. nnd its Uli', S. 14.61. 4 Vcntuherri, trench Fort, taken by rlic l)titth,0.fii. Ponfffjue Toior. s on each Side, (). 414. Wind'> and Tornadoes 44. Biccics and Courfc, W. 40. llormy Norths, 60. unwhohbmc Tiirt'c to the Fnfl of ir, O. 103. Plantains rheie, ; 13. Commerce with Panama, 17, 1S4, 5-. Goods taken, and Air iickly, ib.BArU' ventit Fleet touches th'.rc, C. i ;<>. Portor'ico Ifland, Trade, O. 227. Hog-Crauls, C. 98. touched at, z6. Port-Rfi)'al\n Campeachy^ Harbour and Ifland, «/. C. 48. f i.avill ,rcen Turtle there, E X. Foralocs.whcrc, 0.9. 11, 4, 8,9. 46,8. 75-. 141. ij-i . ^11.41^. 4;j' T'7- 4f »-+yy- tlic Leaves ilcvour'd by Loculls, 430. wlicii n'(?«.i, atui Q_.ot Achm. A Prince of a SpiccL invites the £/jj/;y/;toTrade, 35-o.36cJ. +44 6. Privateers, Buccanters, always feck fcr Fifli, O. 1 17,8. and take Moskito Men with them, i, 2. foon mutinous it in V/ant, 146. ven- turous, 241. Signals to find each other, 2f2. their Knowledge of the fF. /«.//« Coafts, 27, Qiicries put to Prifoncrs, 27,8. Cominii lions taken from Petit Giii*vres,ib. 39. 6^. 192. bum Vellels they take, and fave the Nails, C. 47. Manage Canoa's well, 119. Ilfep on Deck, W.87. obtlrve Tides much, 9. their Ravages in [ftia- t.vi.Campvachy., Nnvi>p:ihi, and B. of Mexico, C. 12. f. 3?. 47.)-?. 4.9^,8. 109.110,1. 121,2,4,6. Crui;in[^s among the IK Inr.ti. Cojil and IHands, O. 26 to 66. Revelling, fo. Exploits, ^yc. f o, 6,8.63,8, 9. Repulfe, 63. I'roich, ordinnry Seam. n, ;^:\ their En- tering rhe S. Seas by the Cape R. 129. by croii'ing the Ijli mm. (uid Return,) /'irr. III. 7. w ^024. 191, 6, 7. and ti:ft Occallonof u, 180,1, 2, 3. entering by Sea,. 83,4, Ciuiling,. Occurrences, (^.:, mm • '■ 'li;'' "'h ''■ '' 'i Gi?/ieral I N T> E X, in the ,9. Sea. gi; fo 278. fcvcral Particulars relating to tliem, ii(C 7. 15-3108, 171. 187, 8.9. 191, 6,7. 102, 5",8,9.2i3,f,9.i:,' I, 3,4. 241, 2. 3, 7. 2f4, j-, 8, 9. 260, I, 6, 7, 8. 270, i,7,s, Inthc£. :?; 4» ^- 439. 470.481,:. 5"o6 to f 1 1, I(C Pyrates. Procellion at a Circumcifion, O. 340,1,2. of Idolaters, 597. Proes, what and where their Make, Outhyers, (^c d. 0. 19S.9, ;oo, d. 33f, 6. 397. 448. 4J-0, 8. 47f, 7, 480. d. S. 5-. d. 131. i'roe- Bottoms built upon, iii. lee Boats, Outlaycrs, Paddies. Prophefy or Preface of the Stirs in America, O. 180, i. Profpedts pleafant, O. 42. 5-8, 9. 87. I II, 2. 13$". if2, 7. i;;^, 177' S, 9- »86, 7. 202. 231, 3. 2fi,2,3,8. 309. 3S4. 417. 4-1;. 5",o. I. S. 14. 24. 179. C. 109. W. 109. Proflitutin:; of Women, fee Women. TtovUencel. C. ^7. by whom fettled, O. 33. Vuvbla Nova attempted, O. InfrAU. taken, 213. Fu!o lignifics Ifland, O. T^'Sg fee Condore, Uby, &cc. Pumice Stones, where and whence, O. 230. P'jnikins, where, O. 3 1 1. 426. S. 23. 45*. iSi. Pump,^ (opMi/])) for Ships, how made, O. 443, 4. Puniple-Nolc, Fruit, ^/. S. 124, f. 163. P//W.TI [. T. and Pilots, d. O. 149. Oyiters, 177. Punilhmcnts, what and where ufed, O. 3^6, 7. 367.452. S.77, to Si, I. 138, 9. 140. JPurificMion City, d. O. 2^7. Purilaiu wild, and Ccaelit of it, where, S. 22. a Q. U.iliBcatioii3 of People, docil and apprehcnfive, inf>cniovs, 0' good natural Wit, aC^livc, dextcious, c^-c. O. 78. 9. ic 3^!*^, 7, 8. 29S. 500. 326. 400, I. 429. S. 41. 2. iS{. VV. i!c ice Artificers, iVfcch.inicks, Proes, Jonks, ^c. Learning, Culbms, Cfc. Qualifies of People, fee Manners. Quam, a Bird, d. and where, O. 19. 39. C. 6y. d. 66, - '^h.wtungt Province of China, fee Canton. "^neda, itidJjt, Oil ufed, O. $-37. Trade, foi. S. 173, 8. Queen of Achin, her Elertion, State, &c. S. 141 to 8. C'^ucr !.%[:*'>, Ice Currafao. Dit 'c)ue[iie^ Voyage, a Fight related in it, O. 5-22, 3. ^uibo (Cobaytt) T. and its other Keys or Iflmds, O. Intr.V^. c. f/. O.43, 4. Rancheria I. in the S. Sea, d. O. 212. Ralhbours, who and where, O. 5-07,8. Rates of Goods, fee Price. Rattan Canes, Ufe, O. 496. S. 46. Rattan Cables, d. \6-j. Rats, many, where, C. 23. 45-. in Siiips, O. 279. Raw Fifit eaten, O. 430. Flefli, .S. 30, Rcaleja, Ria Lexa, Pjrt to Leon City, O. 2 t5'. the Harbour »iu1 IQand, fV. 1 18 to 121. the T. d. taken and burnt, 119. lai.j. bad Air 221, 4. 230,6. Recreations, S. 5-3. fee Gaming. Ke^ASe^T, Ambergriefe, O. 74. Pyntesfond of cruifing there,47 9. when bad going thither, 5-10. Weather and Winds, W, 20,4. Tide, Red-Wood, feeB!ood-W. Cam-W. T.og-Wood. Reeds, Hats made of them, where, S. 43. Refugees, French, where, O. f32. f47. Religious Belief, Prayers, 0^f. where, S.f^,7, 8. O, 358. none vifible, 432. 466. 479. f4i. State of it in the E. S. 9f, 6, 7. Ice Chriftianity, Idolatry, Mahomctanifai, and H RenC' n -ilr '■■)■* !• li H||i l-l^ 3- ti*-' i General INDEX. Rcnegadoes, Chinefe znd Englifh, S. 138. Revolution at Siaf», S. 1^*1, 2, 3. Rhubarb, whence, vS. 63 . RU LexA, fee Realeja. Rice, where growing, and a Commodity, O. 78. r;;-. 291, , 3°?- 319- 33?- 3fv384- ?97.9- 4oo-^-''4- *», ». 4. f. 3oVi* S7. 8. lof. 130, 4, f, 6. 145-. i|-i. r€3, 6. 181, 2. in wet Soil, 0. 297. 406. 410. S. 2f. yet hurt by much Rain. 37. depends on the Rain-s where, 37, 8. dear bought, 5-0. Harveft, when and how ordered. 2f. O. 35-3. trod out with Buffaloes, 410, i. how drclTed and Catcn, fee Cookery ; with Tamarind?, good for lick People, 5-26. the Grain and main Subftenance ot" the £. Indians, 399, .^16! 5. 22. 30, 8, 5"o, f. 126. 14S. where none, O. 426.453. 4S0.464, 6. Rice-Drink, fee Diink. Mr. Kingrofe kill'd, O. 271, 2. referred to, fee H. of Bucct.. neers. Rings, what, and where worn, O, i6f. f\^, f. C. np. W. Ill, RipHng or Cockling Sea, O. 133. W. 5-7. fee Sea. Rivers not perennial, where, O. pf, S. 3^. all in the Torrid 7.one overflow in the wet Sealbn, ^^. brackifli in the dry Sea ion, O. 25-8. how ufed for Bathing, 330. S. 180. fee Bathin», Wafliing. Fit for building Ships, O. 1 14. unfrequented, 165 ilor'd with Fifli, S. 27. 128. how caught, 28, 9. Ripllng or Cockling Sea caus'd by Rivers, W. 5-7. and what Tides.pi. For particular Rivers, fee the Maps. Gold Rivers, fee Gold. River- Piigats, / and where, S. 16. 74, |-, 6, 7. River-Horfe, fee Hif- fopDt;imus. Roads and Riding for Ships, what and where, O. 48. f;-, 6, S. 63. 74. 97. lif . 144. ifi, 2. 164, 9. 170, 9. 18^. 204,238,9, 25-7. 321 .380. S. 122,3.165-. C. 17. io8.W,73,4. leeAnchorings, Harbours. Roca's Iflc?, d.O. fi, f. Sky-Rockets fir'd at Mindanao, O. 542, ♦Rocks, what and where, O, j-o, I, 2,6.74. 81.97. 101,9.11!, 6.^22. 132,3,6,9. 145-, 6. 174. 186.198.212,232, f, 8,9. 24°» 1, 2, 8. 25-6,7. 261, 2,5,7.275". 282,3. 291, 381, 2. 4of. 4ii,<5i 45-8.461, 3. 475-. 5-45-, 7. S. 19. 122. 160. 171. C. 25,5',6.47. uf J-. W. f6. (People dwelling in them, 108 ) 109. Rocky Coartshave deep Seas, and where fo, O. 422, 5, 4, 5*. abound in Fiih, 9 1 . 264. fee Rock-fifh, (Groopcr, B^w/dttf,) ^. and where, O. 9i.25'7. Rocho, a Branch of Tonquin R. J. S.9. 10, 5*, 6,9.11. C.Roman, its Currents, W. 101,2,4. Pulo Rondo, d. S. 122. Roofi. to, fee H. of BtMt!. r»4. f- C. np. w. I.e. 25,^,6.47.124, General I N "D E X: Roofs of Buildings, what and where, O. 139. zi8. 387, 47^; 5-39. S. 4J,5'. f7. 130. C.4f. iif. 8. feeThatch. Roots, eatable, where little need of them, S. 2a. fold, 30. planted, 182. fee Caflavy, Onions, Potatoes, Yams. Rofurio R. T. and Gold. Mines, I 5- iO, 2 C " ■'■• General I N T> E X, Saiiifliu, a Sort of Arrack, d. O 419. Sands, hot, a Cure, O. 2 76, a Puni(hmcnt, 3^7. rais'dby WJnd^ W.ii'.47,8. Wells.C.fo. 118. Banks, izo. high, 123,4..' ice an» choring, Bays Shoals, Soil. Santa I'ecaqne, Ice Centicjuipaque. Sapadiiiy. Truir, where, U. 39. -,6. 80, 1, 1.) 84, f, 6.1 94, ir2, 7, 8. 120, I. Sauces, Pepper-Sauce, O. 396. fee Achats, Pickle, Cookery. Saufagfs gI" raw Pork eaten, where, S. 30, Sawyers and Saw5, S. 60. C. 41. O. 35'7. none, 33a. Scabby Lips caus'd by a Wind, O. 63. Scales not ukd, wliere, O. 434. Scarf, what and wheie worn.O. 4J-6. S. 129. Scholar^, where the only Courtiers, S. 5-9. Schools, 0. 330,1. Scuchadero, d. O. 195-. \ Sciflhrs, a Commodity, where, C. 119. O. 23. Sccrpions, O. 320. C. 63. S. 2)". an Antidote, f 3, 4. Smda I. Sir Tr. Drake's Bowels buried there, O. 39. Scurvcy cur'd, O. 92,5-48. Sea, wlieie, high, great, rough, /welling, O. f f. 1 34. 19S. 2;i, 2,3,9. 24/, 7. 2f3 .262,4, 7. 5'43, 4. C. 123,4. increakd by contrary VVinds, W. 106, 7.O. 421. ice Tornadoes, Storms. No Grafs or Weeds in deep Seas, 393. where deep or flullow, 3'iJ dccpniiig gradually, li/. 422, 3, 4, 5*. C. 16. 48. Hcad-Sea, 2:. Cockling or Rippling, O. 82. 133.41 f.W. 5-7. fparkling and work- ing Waves, in Storms, 69. O. 414. always fmooth, C, 30. long Ebb prcfaging Storms. W. 61,6. 70. Change of Colour, O. So. vfually a Si^n of Shcals, or Land near, C. 28. Sea. and Wind rife and fill together, O. 217. At Sea, Land-i3rcezes fainreft, W, 31,!) 3. fevvcll Tornadoes, 86, 7. 8. Far at Sea, weakeft Currents, 104, ^ud Birdii not fcen, O. 282. 5-31. Sea- Winds warmed, 5-29. fe? WeatJicr, Winds. FreOi Waier taken up at Sea, 42, S. i f6. warily, If 7. Sea-Marky, fee Marks, fee AtUvUick, IndsAn, lied-Sen.LsM Mexico, and South-Sea, Seamen, good, S.4,f. bad, fee Spaniards. Ignorance, O. 27(5,7- 8. f 07. W-. I f . Supeti^irion, 3 i . loft by (^arelelncis, 41,2. Proverb, 4r. Hardn:ip,48. Tricks, O. 318. Thieviili, /^. fiS, 9. juftS J '7, 8. fcaicc, I ij. fee, L'icars. Sea- . Schools,©. 330,1, General I N 7j E X. Sea-Dcvils, Fifh, J. C. 7;. Sca-Covv, lee Manatee. Sea or Rv vcr-Horfe, He Hippopotamus. Sea-I.ion, kelAon. Sea Dog, ice Seals, ii. and where, (where Plenty of FifliJ O.89.90, 146. laltcJ, 263,4. 276. 5-33. C, 2f, 6. St-al-Skin Floats, E X. dlw, wint and where, O. 351. S. 5-. 8. 9. 74, f,6,-j, 88. no, i. Ho'jfes built to attend them, 11,5. meafur'd, 0.3^4,. fee Chi^ma, Chiuffe Jonks, Proes. Spaniflt, fe« Acapnlco Ship, Armada, Barul lienta Hcct, Flora, Lima. Eaten with Worms, fee Shcathinir. Qua,' ter deck cut down, 380. how made to wear, W. 6+. caft'on Land by Storms. C. 92. 3. W. 67, 9.73. {ec Wrecks. Seams opening in Flarmatams, 49. Hold hot with Pepper, O. j;i^. fee Anchoring', Bark-Logs, Boats, Cables. Canoa's, Careening, Marts, Oikm, Oars. Outlagers, Paddles, Pitch, Pumps, Rudder, Sails, Tar, Wdi' b)at. Shirts, none worn, S. 43. fee Cloaths. Shoes, none worn, O. 316. 408. 45-6, S.43. 129. like Slippers, and {mall ones of Chme/e Women, O. 40S. ke Feet. Shooting of Birds, newly learnt, where, S. 26. Shooting matches, lolcmn, 72. Shot, a Commodity, C. 41. Shoals and fhnllow Places, Bars, Flats, aye. where, O. 7f,8. 119, 133,6. 144,7,9. '^+- '93- *'i- ^41- '5'3-(a fign of Land near,! 283. 297. 303. 378. (very dangerous, 382,9. 425-.447, 8. 45-0,8,9. 460,1. (ill-piac'd in Charts,) 462. S. f . 9. 10,1,2. lof. 15-6,9. J 70, 1. C. 28,9. 3;-. 123. uiiially near low Land, O. 422, 3,4,5'. difcovcr'd by Change of Colour in the Water, 80. Beacons fct on them, 45-0. proper to filh on, 297. fee Fifhing Banks. See Ancho- rings. Shrimps, and Trade of them, S. 17,8. 128. C. 127, 8. Slirubs, lee Buflics, Fruits, Trees. Siam hay, J, Iflcs and Fiftermen there, O. 398,9, 400.1. 41)'. Winis, W!2i. Courfe, 23. 399. Weather, 82. Aguala Wood, S. 8. Kingdom of 6n»w, their Trade at Tonquin, 10. 16. atAchin, O.5-04, War vviih theEnglt/Jh Bells bought for the King, and En^lip in his icrvice, /^. S. loi, 2, 3, 5-, to 9. Mallacred at Merga, ij-i. Revoiu* tion, and Englijh from i>iam City, 15-2, 3. Women Proftitutcs, 0, 39^. Achars, 391. ' ::to!jcl de Wunb, Sc/jM cle W^erdts^ Ifles, d. O. 80, r. Sick Men nticfli'd with Herbs and Fruits, O. 9?.. 5-26. 5-42.5.2; fee Difciles, Cures. Sick Place, 1 80. O. ^24, f. ice Air bad. Sight, good, O.S. bad, 464,5". lee Eyes. Si^ns ol Winds, Weather, (s^c. lee Clouds, Fogs, Land, Skr, Storms, San. Silks. aComir.odity, where, O. 137. 14^. 379. S. if. (and raw Silkjj 61. C. 120. for fuwinjj, 119. Silk-worms, and Silks miiie, where, O. 409. S. 21, 2,f.i/. 6!.v/orn, 42. (prclcnted,) joC. 129. O. 419. Chvia Silk, 353, 409 S. 15-. Silk Countries poor, 39. ^lik Paper, 61. Siik-Grais Aprons, W. 1 10. 8iUiif)ar,0.i!{.o\. S, 179, 180. its Pepper, 182. Silver Mines, where, O. 260,1.9. European Prifor.crs nor lent thither, C. 5-4. out of a Wreck, O, 148. imported, S. 61;/. B^t- is, I'ogs, Laud, Sk)-, General INDEX. ions, xo8. Rings, aCommodity, C. 119. fee Pieces of Ej£;ht, Plate Fleet. Quicklilvei, fee Quick. Silvcfter, Tree, Fruit, Dye, 5, 8. 5-32. S. 14,9. 20,1,2,5-. (Variety of it,) 123, 4. 171,4. 181. C. 1 1. 23. 5-6,8. 94, f. 102. 111,3,9. 122, 3. W. 109. fee Savannahs, Rocks, Sands. Trees, Rice. Soldiers, what and where, S. 5o. Exercife?, 69, 72. rowing, 75",7. Arms, 70, 1,6. Trial by eating, and howrais'd, i6. Fightsand Expe- ditions, 70,4. Watch, 77,8.hir'd, 108. fee Guards, Arms, Fight- ing. Soldier, '[nCeS:,d. eateo, but fometimes poifonous, O. 39. Sologues of Mindanao, d.O. 325*. Proes and Trade, 379. Soundings, O. 132, 3. fee Anchorings. La Sounds Key in thcSamballo's, O. 22, 3,6. South Keys r r Iflands, lee of Cui/a. South Sea, bold Shore, and great deep Seas, O, 423. 34. no Manatee,/^, nor Hawks-bill Turtle, lof. its PcarlOyfters, 173, Jewfifh, 24J. Red-wood, C. f8. fee Blood-wood. Ant-Bears, 61. bakam, O. 295*. fee Bark- Logs, Cat-Fifti. Far in it no Rocks, Fid), or Fowl, where, 282. Courfe a-crofs it, It^e Courfs. Breadth, under- '■■■?; ■■■■' J General I N 7) E X. undcr-rcckonM, O. 288. 290. Winds, W. 3. 10,1. 24,. 40. UV. ther, 7y.9' Ti.les, 93, j-.rt. Currents, loj.'S. what Part fire frnm Srorms and R.iin, Ice Paci/ick Sea. Rcrtcr Lin:iing about /Vr.'< rhit-, Mexico, Ifc Lmiling bid. See Wentlier, Winds, Bark Logs, C/.///, P«r«. r <«/<;«« Biv. Mexicoy Californi.%. Commerce with the^r/^/i- ttck by the Cape R. O. 129. by the Iflhmits^ Ico IpJinns. Svtith}^ v^torms, where, O. W. J, 6f to 8. .Soy, whciice,and how made, S. 28. Spain, Prefage of the Stirs in AmertcA, O. 180, 1 . Cargo thence, C. I If. fi'c Span'tArds, Particulars relatinp; to them in Amp,ica,0.i. ^.4. ri. 12,15,4,8. 27,8. ^0,3, 8. 41 tod. ^6 to 60,3,8,75-. 83,4,8. 91, 4,6, 7,8. 100, 2. 113 to 7. 120,2, to8. 131,4,5-, 6, 9, 140,^,4, 7,8,9. 15-2, 3, 5-, to 8. i63,<5, to » 73, 5", 7, to 182, 4. to 209. 211, 3, 4, 7, to 221, 3,5-, to 2 35-,9,to26i,4, 10273,5-, 7, 9. 280,2,; S. 1 17.C. 13,9. 20. 34, 5-. 42 to 7- f'l 1. 3, 4- 73- 90. 5*, to 8 109, to 116. 120, to 7, 9. 130, 1. (their failing,) W. 40. 1 05-. (bad Seamen,) 33.62,3. (O. 190,1.} at GuamyO. 290,1, 300, (yc. at the rhilippmes, 528.331,3,4. 377,9. 382,3.4, 7,8. 5-i5',6. Traie, CX-c. 184,5-. 243 to 6. ;;33,4. C.42,3. 90. 1 10, r. 120 to 7. 151. il'C Arma'ln, Acapulco Ship, Barlavcnta Fleet, Flotit, Limn Fleet, Carriers, Commodities, Trade, Fighting, Intelhgencc, ^e. Strata- f;cms,0. 99. 114, 7. 120,1. i35-,6. 144,7. «88, 9. 208,9. Ji^.T. 8. 24^. 25-9. 26f. 382. Government, Policy, Severity, g^c. 45,4 C. ly, 31. 44. f4. 94, 5", 6. 109. 112,5,4, 6. 272,3.0.43, 4. 55 r, 3f9.;72, 3.Superftition,42.Gaming, 410. Honour, 221, 3. C. 9^. Buildings, fee Churches, Houfes, Parades, Ship-Pumps, «/. O. 44;, 4. Husbandry, 235-. 3 13. C. 98. Sj>mijl) ijpokcn, 0. 33 i, 349. jj-f, 5"if, 6. New Spain. Ccftft and Places of it, J. C. 123, &c. Spantflf Makrii, where, C.71, J. 72. Spears us'd, what and where, S. 72. Spice, a Commodity, S. 65-. O. 24f . ingrofs'd ^nd fuppreCsd, 516,7. 3fo, 366. fee Dutch. Whereto be had, ib. 317. 3fo,i,;. fee Cinnnmon, Cloves, Clove-Bark, Ginger ^ Nutmegs, Pepper. Spic'd Vv'atcr, 35-9. fee the Spies- III -inus, Malayan learnt there, O. 395-. Libby-Trcc andSa^o, 3\i. anointing us'd, f 37. Trade monopoli//d, S. 1 17. 166. kc Spice Dutch. Sec Anjbom a. Banda, Ceylon^ Cuolo, Meangis, iiHin*- ira, Ternate, lulore. See Prince. .Spiders hrge, and Ufe of their Teeth or Horns, C.64. . Spittle provok'dhy Bctle, O. 3:9. Spoons ot Coco-Nut, O. 294. none ufed, 329. 430. Sports at Tonquin, S. f 3. ot others, fee Dancing, Gaming. Spouts, ii. (tollow a Calm,) and where, O. 45-1, 2, 3. Spumi, a white tVothing Cacao, d. and where, C. iH. SiiuaHics, Bealls, d. and where, C. 5-9. 96. * Squirre!>, 8o, I . Cargo thence, General / N T> E X. fiquirrcls, where, S. 117. eaten, 12S. Sur- Apple, J. and where, O. 204. State of Eajl Indian Fiinccs, O. 33>-.S. 142, 3. fee Piinccs. Statesl. d. O. 82. 424. Stature of People, low, O. qpf. 416. 45-4. \V. 108 moan, O. 51, 2. 170. 32r. 5-37. S. 40. C. iif. tall, O. 7. 40O. 464.47^. ' Stealing with the Toes, S, 138. fee Thieves. Steel, what Coals IcQ to harden ir, C. 5-0,7. Sticks burnt on Altars, O. 412. Chop-HicUs, :nri'n, J. S. f^. Swivels us'd for Gun?, v/hc c, O. 400. S. 7:;. S\v'ord5, wh^t-, srd wlicie ufi-d, O. 337. (wooden,) 466, 9,;'. S. 70,6. ('{\a I IwordsJ 184. Ice Crcncrs Curtana's. .Sword-fifli, J. r;nd wlierc, C. 25-. 3f. T. Tt4t'>':;o I. and V. by Vmamtt. cl O. 187, S. 'L'.ii.i^o 1. ot the (..aiiifies, waflcd, O. 48)". C. f. L:in, wl-.at am) where, S. 61. 132. Tallow, a Con-,mcdity> O. 15-2. C. no. Tallow Caps, E X. Tn, Chm, wficiuc, and vvlicrc, O. 409. S. 3 i. 41. /;. Tfil, vvlicic, .'i.zo. VV. 109. 3>jf« mtiiprqtu' ( reeoiU>iel>f{]ne,) R. and T. ri. 0. 1 ? 1 . C. * r. 1. Trvth, wl.trc vlili', S. 1 1 f, VV. 1 1 1. <.'. 197. ^(jf. 42 ; . . yet iJ'Un.l jif by cl.cwinj^ I'.cr.'c, ^19.^. iiS. U-ukeri'iJ vviti, i l)vc, h)r I'.Ciury, 41,1. I'ickcrs tor tixin or Spidc'i's Teeth, C.63. Eicp'nnrs Tcrrh, p'oti^y. W.i n. Iw F.lephants. Idol 'IVinpis, i^rt.o.M'c, wlific and whit, O. yj^. 411, z, S. 5-6,7 ifi, M I'O'fjet.n, i'i:cShAl]ac. CV;r/;//4^/, ice Churcli. lenc'jnt, J ■' i 60, 9. Tenerijfe, n'lt (t) Iiij^Ii .13 V<<>^//<1 \UrtljA. (). 4a. Ice Andei. Tcnpoundcis, l^illi, . 133. .SV. I'homnj, a Dani(]> 1. 0.4)-, 6. St.'ih. under the Line, W. fi' Tlion]k».s and Tholes for lioats, of Maiia le Hide, O. 3f. Thread, of" what,0.37. 294,^.3 if. aCommoditvwhtic,C. ''5* Thumb Nail, (rhc lctt,j kipt long, wh:?!e, O. 326. Thunder and Lightning, wh-re, U. \6. 79. (fulphurfous Smell,) 131. 199. 22f. 322. 414. t\f(j. S. i)-^. 177. W.f 2. 83. ice Lighmint^, TornaJoc'5. C. libwon of iilfpaniola, Oianp;cs, C. 6, 7. Currents, VV. loi. Tide, what and wiiere, tl. W. 90 to 100. W. 44. fo, 1, 3. 06. «3'-H9- If I. 173,4. 194, i 00, 70. (.). f . 40. 8. fo 82. 108 1 19. 238, 9. 378, 9. 3S2. 401. 436. 447. 460, 9. S. 10, 3)2,4,6. if6 9 170. C, fo, I. 108. I'ec Currents, Ebb, Moon. y. lutwe L Produdt and Trade, O. 3 i .'. 333 . 447. iee ^^tce \. Topers, vvhe.e, W. i 9. Tyii;re-Cits, d and where, \V. 109. Tiiia Tnna-fi, d. S. f. 109. Timber, a Commodity. O f)6. 138. 140. 169. 170. v/'iit ufeJ, and far what, 166, 7. 360. I'.c MaRs, Trees. Time, how kept, S.7f,6. 0. 358. ice Day. Tit;ie of the Year, fee J ea(t, Ilarvfft, Moon, /i/i//;. K'tp. 170. lompcqite, I/igiuicanJ Vin.ip;tr, (.'.43.^,1x7. 'Tonlelo R . C. 1 20. m, rntcitnijiiiKnt.s 409. S.28. 30, i.f;, 4> f 9^' I. 2, 3. 100. I'cdls, I^digion, and Worfliip, C). ;9'>, 7, 5. 5-3, f :o 9. 67 91,2, 5-, 6.7. Tiadc, 13. f, 20.37.41, 2.5-0, i. ^o. I, 5,4, 5-. 86, 7. icii,2, 3. Corn, 60. 72. 82, 8. Siu-piu,-; and Gcnr^. 14, 6. d. 7410 7. Government, Julliro, Puninimcius '3» >"• 6. 42. 74./ 77 to o^, 5-, 8,9. The two Kings, nn 1 rhcir Pnaces, 47, 8. 66, 7, 8 lee ii^«*i. The Choiia, or govcminf; K. In? Stare, c^. 42 5-8. 81, 2, 3. Iiis Rjie, Chnnrter.'and I'amily, 66, 7.8,9. Kxa-fiions 6^. 'of. 9. Wealth, Stabies ArtillcTy, Gun^Js, Ca'iies, 6(j to 77. War?, 21. 67. 72,6. OtTu.irs, (tc Kunuc'i?, Mmdar-.tis. Foreifm Merchants, Fadlories, and Miiricniiic-, i: 'o 5". 4S. 9. 93 'o 'o;- Toona, Cochinccl tree, fo railed, O. 229. fee Coc hinccL Turclies c.irrivd ir, a PLa- ! en Proccflion, O.397. Tornadoes , d. .ii'.d where, C). 31.44. 79. 120. 131. 21 1, (5, ;' 22>-. 247. 3:2. 4rr, I, ;,8.S. i)-f. C. 21. ff. W. 6. 7. 8. 9 8. if. 2, 3, f, 6. :^r), 4r. 5-1,2. 79.80, i, 3,4, 6,7,8. fee C L![;hiniiigV, arJ Tiiundcr. M. ,.1,11"!: Tomato^ Gcnmil I N1^ E X. 193, 4' 43o,6,S'. Tornnto, TimluT, nmi Flnins there. O. j^o. lortoifey l.aud, and its Kinds, (Hvintie, Ti'rapen)J.:iiyA wl.crc, O. lor, X. C. ji. f9. lof. 8. Torioilc flicll Hci-ds 7, ,?.4. f 86, 7. 142, f,6, 8. ifo to 4. S. 161 to 7, 9. 173, 4, 8. 18:, 3. C. 10, I, 8. 40, a, 6, 7.8. f'J. 83, 9. 92. 8. I n>. 1,9. 110, 1,4 to 7. 131. W. 73,4. 108, 9. to be elUbliflied, O. 64.. Z3f . 272, 3. 3 16, 7. 331. 349. ^fo. 3S3. 394. 439. 477. 480. I. ^. 3. f. 7. loi, ^ f. 1S2, 5, C. 131. VV. 108, 9. reftrain'd, where and how, 0. 18S. 507, 8. S. i ly, 7, 8. 164, f, 6, 7. 173, 4. 183, 4 Trade civiiiz-s People, C). 325-. 4^4. S. 113, J", 6. brings OpprelVion, ti>. but thrives by Liberty and Ho- nefty, 116, 7, 161,2. Langungc us'd I'or it, {cc Malayan. See Com- modities, Manufaiftures, Money, Shipping, 0'(^' Trades and Employments, what and where, O. 351, 2. 395*, 409. S. 130, 1, f, 6. 181. Trade-wind, True or General, Coafting, Shifting, Monfoons, fee among Winds. Train Oil of Seals, Turtle, Porpuflcs, fee OiJ. "yan^ambar, Danes and Moors, O. f 06, 7. S. if4,7, S. Travelling by Land, bad, where, O. 14, )-,6, 7,9. 20, 3,7. 23f. of Fifh and Fowl 393. fee Turtle. Treachery, O. 7f. C. 6. S. 173. fee Manners bad, R. Laitf. Treats, lee Entertainments. Trees, Shrubs, O'c. wliat and where, O. 11, 8, lor. no; 2. 12 1. 132, f. ifo, I. 161, 3,4. 171. f, 7. 188. 194, 6. 212.232, 3, f. 247. Iff, 8. 309. 310, 5S0, 1. 390, 7. 406. 416. 426,4.}.3, 8.46^472, 3, f, 8. /32. S. f. 14. 24.64.113. 125,4. 181. C. 32. 45. 5-f. 8,9. 94. 102,7,8, 9. 120,1,3. W.93, f. io9.tornup bya Storm, 67 O. 322. floatinginthe Sea, 2 3o.Timhcr.trees,tit for Shipping, Malls, Yards, Canoas, &c. 29. 87. loi. 122. 131. 169. 191, f. 204. 213. ;(94. S.24. 64. 113- 113. 4- '^'- ^'- ^^'9H^ 102. W. 9f. 109. lee Plank, Malls, Yard. Sec ot Ufc for Cloth, Cordage, Gun-fticks, Lances, Oars. Tree with Strings, O. 295-. 460. a very great one, ^/ 449. 45-0. Trees for Dyino;, lie Dyes. Fruit-trees, fee Fruit. Spicc-tiecs,Iec Spice. See Aguala, Aloes, Be- tle, I h; General I N "D EX. lie, CabKipjctrce, Cedar, Corroii-rrcc, Cotton-l-iulli, Drapon,' >[;■ La;:k., Lancc-vvood, l.ibby, Palm, lulm.i ^.UrU, Palii.cu), 'ponf' Silvcflcr, Tar- tree, Toontt or Cochincei-tiee, Turpentine. Sec Bullie/ Grove?, Woods, TnH'i^les, 1 lies in the G. oi' Mexico, C, 28.4)-. Triiiihiii I. C. 126. Currents, W. 101 104. Turtli*, O. 104. Trid I. Harbour and Lagunc in Campeacly,C. 1 3. ;ta Fleets coafting it, C. ii6. C. A'.ta Velf, its Winds, V/. 3f. Venemous Creatures, fee Cenripees, Galliwafp, (Beaft like a) Gu.no, Snakes. Fruit, Fins, Bones, ^c. fee Poilbnous. Ln V'crji Cruz., fee Crux.. C. I'erd. Wilds near it, W. 7. 9. if, (5. C. Fieri/ Hies, their Product, Porti4£ueze^^c. d. O. 70 to 7, Tulo V'erero, d. S. if?, 8. Verir.a, irs excellent Tobacco, O. 63. Vevminc of Negroes and Indians, how bicd, O. f 38,9, Vcllels to hod Lic]uids,^c. O, 2. lo, 6. 294. 412.490. C. iif. fee Bambo's hollow, Baj'kers, Rumkips, Cabinets, Calab.fli Chinam Box, Cups, E.irtiiern Ware, Jars, Ladles, Spoons. For T-^avigation, Ice Boars, Canoa's, Shippiiig. Vice. Smiths, none us'd, where, O, 3^2. Villages, taxM to provide Soldiers, where, S. 71. how jTcatcd, builr, C5'^c. fee Towns. Sec Victualling- houies or Inn.s at r<>w^«/V;, S. 100, St. Vincent I. of the Cari/>'?e.<, C. f. St. Vincent I. of the C. Verds, O. 77. Vines, Vine-yards, where, O. f;!,^. fee Grape- tree, Wine. Wild Vine, its Leaves good for Ulcers, where, O. 449. Vinello's, Plant and Cods, curing oi them, and Ule, and where to be had, O. 38. 124. d. 234, f. C. 123. Virginia, its Cedars, O. 29. Ship- worms, 363. Coid N. W. Winds, 5-30. Tides, W. 92. Lignum Viu, v/here, O. fj. Uicers. Cure for thens, O. 449. St. John d'Uihon, Fort, d. C. \i^, fee {La Vera) Cruz'. Umbrello's, where us'd, O. 407. General I N T> E X. Tr/.(icc, a Title (prob.iblyj nt Tiniquin. S. 8i. Voice, deep in the Throat, where, O, 466, 9. Volcancs, their Eruptions accompauicd with Storms, O. zjf, throw out Pumice- Stones, 250. ftc Volcan I'cjo, d. 118, 9. a 16. Ice Volcanes o( Colima, logo, Gmvi- mala, Lccu. Voyages, fee Couvfe. See Dampier^ Drake, {In ^uefne. G/..,;;/,'; noted, S. I if. 2;ri.fr«r<>r's Brothers, fg. Utcnlils, lee Adds, Aiivi;, Ban-.lioe«:, Barbeui s, l'arkloe;s. Beacons, Bellows, Benches Bob- Brick , Broom, Cmes, Chairs, Coals, Cordage, Dice, Flags, Hammoc!.;, Hives Inflniment-C-.iles, Ladders, Pageants, Palankins, Paper, !'n- vi'lions Piclhe Devil fo called by the Moskito Men, O. p. \\alkir,g Canes, whence, S. 178. 167. fee Canes. Cacao- V.'rll^ C. lit, 2. i/. 119. fee Cacao, (and of Plantains,) Plantains, P;an tations. Walls, what and where, O. 1140. 218. 35f 411. C. 45*. iif. J27. ALi)2 of IVar, Bird, where, W,66. and d. fee Man. SibbcCde Wards, (ScUU de Waerdes,) Ifles, d. O. 80, i. Wares, fee Earthen, Lacker, Manufadlurts. liluher's cnllng a Breach wiih the Carioie-Indians, C. 6. Warrce, wild Hog. where, C, 9. ^9, 169. C. fp.pf. War<; among E. Indians, O. 5?f. 3^7. 444. S. 21. <'>7, 7i> S. i'^> 6,S. i45,4,5-.S. 176. fee Fighting. Waniinq, for Health, Plealurc, or Religion, wliCrc, O. 51^, 9- 3;o. 7,^^. S. 137. 148. 180. Watch kept in Streets, d. S. 77, 8. on Coafis, fee LocI;- outs. Waier, hefli for Ships, (^c. where, O. 49. fo, 5. loi.iio :o:, 121. 151, 4. 6. 141. 1,-9. 169. 172, 4. 7. 188. 198,9. 204. 212. ^, 8. 2r,2, ;,4. 241, 2,4,9.2^4, 5',8, 268. 274, 7. 347. 379-?^^' 2. 393, 4, 8, 9. 401, 416. 426. 436. 445. 472, 8. 4S2. 490. fzf S, 4, y. 123, 4. I f 6, 7,8. 164. 17 1. 4. C. 12. 9. 32, J-. 42 .^^ fo, 3. IC9. 118. W. 46. 5-6. 109. where none, 0.49. fo. Si. 9' 141. C. 23, 9. 30. 44,5". fee Rivers, none but by iiigging ^'■■' in the Sand,'o. 463, 7. (Salt, if Cug deep,} C. fo. i iS.'Brackiili "i tl:« th Storm5, O. zij-. Zolimci, Fpgo, Cmvi- General I N "D E X. the drjr Seifon, O. ayS. 277. C. 5-5. how kept then, ri. ^5. jj J54. where gone then, O. i)^,6. 167. 19S.394. 3. S. 55-. taken up frefli at Sea, O.42. S. i;'6. to be done cauuoufly 1^7. j^jr (_,{• j^ carried on Bark- Logs, O. 141, 3. a valuable Commodity, 144, f, tlie common Drink of Imiianiy 451. Prilbncrs coniin'd to ir, .S, 78, fwampy and flooded Waters unwhoklbme, O. 5-24. turning b,ack in the. Cask, and heated with the Fumes of Feppcr, j-aj-. 'Aiuiiii- nous orCoppenib, where, j-;. Watt r breeding; Worms in the Lc.'^s, f>c. C. 90. and Ship Worms (brarkjlbj O. 36;. Spiced Vv"a- tcr, 7,ff) Bitter- Waters, Trial by them in Gui,>e(t, S. 83 iee Waves, rolling one W ay, and Current underneath a coac.avy, V/. 106. (ee Sea. Bees- Wax, a Commodity, and where, O. "^H-l^G. C. iii. P;o. 378. 389. 399-4'^°> f- 413,5-, 6 42c. 437, b. 45-9. 472^3, f. 493 to 9.^-02, 4. )-29.v,o. f44. S. 16. 62.90. 109. 177. 180 C. 9 22, 33. 41. 79. 1 29. ikit- tering \ 'cathei prefacing Stormr, W. 68. O. 413. fee Storms. Moil iformy at N. and F. Moon, 416. fee Moon. See Rain?, Sealoas, Winds.' Wedges, a Commodity, where, C. 4i.' Weeds none in deep Jieas, O. 393. fee Chick-Wccd Gramadjel Grafs, Mots, Purfiain, Thirties. Weights of Arlrn, S. 152. WciU dug in Un.i, where, 463, 7. Salt, if deep, C. ^-o. iiS. Well- Boat- J'hfliion'd Jonks, d. O. 412, 3. The Weft Coaft, tbiT ot i^umatrz fo called, O. 476. its Pepper, S. 182. lilands lying off it, t^c. fee 'itimatm. Wrlfeiiy-Wind Scalbn, fee Winds fi)if:ing. W hear, v/here gro '.'/ing, O. 5-32. hJinn, iee Maize. Sec Flower, Guinea Com. WliipRay, Fif!^ two Kinds of it. -. 5*5*, 6. 81. 103, 4. O.j-f, 7. 63. 77,8. 81. 100. r-jf. 181.3, 4, 5", 6. 190, I, 8. 309. 35-1 549. C. 9. 11.41. 116. — Coaftini and Conjiant, d. protclVedly, W.. 12 to 6. ocoaiionally, if, 8.1-0,8. 78,9. 90.0.2,3, 4, 6. 9^ 4. 100. lie, I, 9. 131,1. 3, 9. 142,3, 6. i6i, 7. 172, 4. 201,1 259. 2<57. X74, ■)-. — shifting, d. profefTedly, W. 17 to if. occa- lionally, if. 72. O. 143. 178. 186. 198, 9. 107.441,5,6. Man- foeni, and their Benefit, ^c, d. W. 21 to f. 107. (ftormy A/aw* }co;;j, d. 72 to f . O. 311. 402, 4. 494 to 9. fee Storms,) N. E, i\;t>«/(J«», 0.303.^/. 321, 3. 370, 8,9.381,3, 9.399-457. 481, 7. '^'. 490. S.11.62. 104. 179. S. W. Monloon, S, n. O. 303, 6. . 36, 8. 129. Counter Winds, 0.3fi. Norths, their Seafon, C. 21, 57. 39.41,8. fee Norths, Scifbns. Storms, Breeae}. ('Sea and Lard,) E X. OW Wives, Fifli. where, S. 1 28. Women, Ilcfpcft fhewn them, S. ico. abus'd, KJr. negotiatinp Trade, fi, 2. familiar with Srrangirs, 327 \cc. Pa^allies, civil to them, 12. 43 3- begging modcllly, /A. Natural Atifcdion, ^c. 432,3. 270. C. I If. Proftitutcs, O. 365-. Jpf-S. I J. j-o, i Danring Wo- men, 146.0.340, i,2.fellinr;Tea, O. 409.S. 31. Moncy-ciiangcrs, 60. S8. 131. 142. all the Women Slaves. 146. I'crions. ^/. C. 1 1 j-.lcc Hodiej. Cioathb, 114, 9. O. 32. 427 W, m. /cc Cloth, Orna- ments, f^ove of Finery, O. 13, fee Wives. With little Feet, 327. 408. and large Calves, 3*.. Tee Ornaments. Womens I. fKey Muger) in Campmchy, C. 9. 10. Woods, Wood-lands, Wood for Fuel in Ships, &-c, where, O. 1 1 , 4, 6. 21. 39. 5-8. 87. 112. 125-. 15-0 162. 3, 4,7. 174,7, 8. 188. 198. 205-. 211, 6, 8. 231, i, 9. 240, 2, 9. 25-0, 1.3, f to 8. 263: 9 i7f- i9». 509. 3^f. 347. 378, 9. 380, 2,4,5-. 393» 9-40i'<>- 421. 442, 3, 8. 45-4.463. 472, 8.480.S. 4, 5-. 19. 20, 2,4. 44. I Of. 128. 142. 164. 173, 4. 180, I.e. 14. 30, 2, 4. (Men loft in them) 83 to 7. (Ships lodg'd thereby Storms, W. 70. C.) 92, y, 9. 1 1 1, 2. W. 46. 5-6. 109. none, O. 106. C. 4f. fee Trees. Wood for Dying C. 5-7, 8. fee Dyes beft for Lacker-Warc, S,6i, 2, 4. fee Lack, Drift-wood, 8.0. 230. Wood Lice or Wl.ite Ants, where, S. 127. Wooden, his Efcape from the Spaniards, C. 19. Words, Nam.es, Rxnnck, o'ilndians Ne^ro^.?, ficc. O. 9. 143: 327,' 8. 3f9. 389. 39J. 409 419.431,469.478. (479, fee Language) 498, 9. 5-02. 7,8. 5-13, 4, f. Sl^'7- S- a3» ^-l^' f^.Sj, 3. 32, 8. 132, 8. 171, 3, 9 C. 105-. Working, fee Log- wood cutting. Workhoufes unhealthy, S. E X. Ycir, SCdfons of it, whcr^ diflingu'.fliM into wet mr^ dry, W. ?; r. ;i, ?. . Ntvv-ycar, wh-n it btgins, and Ncw->cars Fcali at xon- tliiin, 5-5. Ice Day, Tunc. Tto R. not pcrt'niiiii, O. pf. S, 5f. Tucattin, il'C "f ttc.it ad. ICunAtn (Jttnam) Province of CkinAf its Site and ComniaJitit'.;_, S. 64. z. ZElifco, (XaUfco) Hill, ^/. O. 167, Zone, lorrtd, its Scalbns bcft didingu'fli'd into wet and dry, S. 3,x. W. 2. y:t the VVeatlu-r various, even in the fame Latitudes, 77, tkc. grcatti^ Heat there, wjicrc and v/hy, S. 52, ;. the Caul; of Land-l''loods there, and N//t''s overflowing, 34, 5-. Rivers made by the Moods only, ib. Weather, and Winds there. Storms, Tiucs, and Currents, fee x\yc Scheme ^ W, i. fee Ec]uator, Oaks, Tr^i^k'^ Tropick Birds. '. ?. into wctan'^drv, W -^ ^cw-jcars Fcalt at i^. Site and Cominoditic.,- Hi'd into wet and drv, in the fjme Latitudes' r. S. 3i. 5. the Caui^ ^ 5+, 5-. Rivers mailc there. Storms, Tiucs, lator, Oaks, Troiuh, *^