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Toroxxto : GIUP FI^INTIN(; AND PUBLISHING CO., 57 ADELAIDE ST 1 tntca-ed according to Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-three, by E. Stone Wiggins, ia the Office of the Minister of Agriculture, I i r^Y/^ Printed by the Grip Pri.vung and Publishing Co., Adelaide Street, Toronto. ^. SV* '»Mi\l»»MM'»' •'>'*«■»'*''»'••♦% ^# i'nV ■*♦ ** , •«. **•« it*,,'i 4j*i«^ , tt^it • tf >. A < H *^'MS^ I"*^ 'H ' 6rw»t5toro» HF the sun and two of j First contact, 3h. 1 Canada. i British Colunibia. vards evening star, yards evening star, ifterwards evening SffAFJSliowinff )rms are recorded? ere. art dangerous to isit our continent, March 9th- nth, us tides, and fre- [n America, south ith-east gradually Mountains they osphere over the ig the groove in the west, and few he fury of these n of less intensity s. The storm of Jestructive hurri- iction varies with I produces them, similar so that of ss than second- j centre, they are so destructive m le were rendered astrous to New- xamples. vast extent, but jay. MA7]Showi2Lff th0 OouTM of the Gtoeat Storm of ICaroh^ 1883. '» .■ « Entered acoordinfl hundil Printed I icrr ECLIPSES. In the year 1883 there will be two eclipses of the sun and two of the moon. A partial eclipse of the moon; April 22nd First contact, jh. 51m. a.m. A total eclipse of the sun, May 6th, invisible in Canada. Partial eclipse of the moon, Oct, i6th. Annular eclipse of the sun, Oct. 30th, visible in British Columbia. Saturn will be morning star to May 20th, afterwards evening star. Jupiter will be morning stajr to July 5th, afterwards evening star. Venus will be morning star till Sept. 20th, afterwards evening staf- Storms Classified. : In the following calendar only continental storms arc 'ecorded? or those which extend over the Western Hemisphere. Those of the first, second, and third classes are dangerous to seamen. 1ST Class. — The heaviest of all storms that visit our continent, or in fact the world, as those of Oct., 1869, and March gth-iith, 1883. They are always preceded by tremendous tides, and fre- cjuently tidal waves in some part of the world. In America, south of the 45th parallel, they always run from the south-east gradually veering to the westward. On nearing the Rocky Mountains they are thrown northward and eastward, when the atmosphere over the whole continent becomes a »ast whirlpool. Along the groove in which lie the great Canadian lakes they blow from the west, and few vessels on those inland seas are able to weather the fury of these tempests. 2ND Class. — Those produced by planetary action of less intensity than that -which creates first-class, or great storms. The storm of Sept. 14th, 1882, that of Feb. 9th, 1883, also the destructive hurri- cane of Oct. loth, i7$o, are examples. Their direction vanes with the changing direction of the planetary force which produces them. The path of the great March storm will be greatly similar lo that of September last. 3RD Class. — Those of less strength and swiftness than ;:econd- class storms, but as they are liable to focus on some centre, they are very dangerous, as that of October last, which was so destructive in the Philippine Islands, where thirty thousand people were rendered homeless. The storm of Dec. 13th, 1882, so disastrous to New- foundland ; also the storm of Jan. lothj 1883, are examples. 4TH Class and 5TH Class. — These are also of vast extent, but are the seaman's friends, as they speed him on his way. No secondtclassijtorm in 1883 after March 1 6th. '. I THE GREAT MARCH STORM, Oh, the Storm ! the storm of '83, The storm that'll sweep o'er land and sea, What storm of Time can with tne cope, As seen by the eye of the telescope. From the starry plain how swift I'll fly ! You'll see my form on the darkening sky, And Ocean's waves will rock and roll, As I spread my wings from pole to pole. Like an eagle's scar by the setting sun. From the flaming East my course I'll run O'er sea and plain where spices grow, O'er India, China and Borneo. How waves will beat my inky breast. Like mountains tall with whitened crest; And ships will sink in my angry fold — The captain brave and the sailor bold. The savage strange on his gods will call, Wnen I reel the towers and domes so tall, The strong will fear, and the maiden fair, When my lightnings gleam on her shining hair. O'er Syria's plains, o'er Rome I sped, O'er nations great, now long, long dead. When Csesar stood on Britain's isle, And Israel left the banks of Nile. O'er England, France and Spain Fll roar. And round Australia's golden shore; The New Dominion's home so fine, Which I've not seen since '69. The wreck and ruin I scattered then Again I'll bring to the haunts of men ; You'll know that soon I'll be insight, By Cuba's tide and Northern Light. Prepare ! prepare ! on land and sea 1 Seek harbors safe, remembe • me ! I'll come agam in this century late — In cold October of '98. THE GRE4T MARCH STORM. On the 22nd of Sept., 1882, 1 made the following announcement in the Ottawa Citizen : — Agreatstdrm will strike this planet on the 9th of March next. It will first be fell in the Northern Pacific and will cross the meridian of Ottawa at noon (5 oMock London time) of Sunday, March nth, 1883. No vessel smaller than a Cunarder will be able to live in this tempest. India, the south of Europe, England, and especially the North American continent will be the theatre of its ravages. As all the low lands on the Atlantic will be submerged, I advise ship-build- ers to place their prospective \essels' high up on the stocks, and farmers havinj? loose valuables as hay, cattle etc., to remove them to a place of safety. I beg further most respectfully to appeal to the Honorable the Minister of Marine, that he will peremptorily order up the storm signals on all the Canadian coast not later than the 20th February, and thus permit no vessel to leave harbor. If this is not done hundreds of lives will be lost and millions worth of property destroyed. Accordir.-Iy on the i6th of October I wrote to the Honorable the Minister of Marine, asking him to order up the storm signals to protect seamen from the March storm, aid said that tc prove the truth of my prediction I would narr.e two heavy storms that would precede it in the winter of 1883, one to b^in the loth of January and the second the 9th of February. The first named I did not make public in Canada,though reported in the New York press.as it would be mainly a South American storm, in which the forces would not extend beyond the 45th parallel of north latitude, so that only the reflection of the storm from the Rocky Mountains would be felt in the Dominion, though I pointed out that it would be followed by a general snow-fail throughout North Americ^. This storm came exactly as predicted, passing over the New Ertgland States,over New York, Washington and Minnesota (in which it appeared as an im- mense blizzard), and in fact all the states south of the 45th parallel on the very day named, viz., 10th January. In the United States and Canada it continued for ten days, and was one of the heaviest snow-falls ever known. The atmosphere over the entire continent was thrown in an immense whirlpool. The storm of February will be even more violent, as it will be specially a storm of the Northern hemisphere and will be of six days' duration, ending — in the greatest 11 !< «.■■ l3t XCo. JAWUAaY. 81 Days- Moon's Phases, i Boston. iNew York | Washington. D.JH.M. New Moon . . Ojl 15 morn. Firtt Quarter 15j8 4 eve. Fall Moon . . 2312 31 moxT.. Third Quart . .3l|6 42 morn. IH.M. 3 morn. 52 eve. 19 morn- 30 mom. II. M. 61 morn. 40 eve. 7 mom. 5 18 mom. HKErt 7 o Charleston H.M. 39 mom. 28 eve. 55 mom. 6 mom. Chicago. 7 1 U.M. 9 mom. 6 58 eve. 1 25 mom. 4 36 morn. Day of Week. MON. TUES. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. Sun. MON. Tl'es. Wed. Thur. Fri. Gat. Sun, MON. TUES. Wed, Thur. Fri. Sat. Sun. MON. TuES. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. Sun. MON. TUES. Wed. ^ o ! Sun rises q:^ I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 »o ii H '5 :6 I? i8 19 20 21 22 23 24 ' 2'' '26 27 28 29 30 31 h. m. 41 4i 41 41 41 41 41 40 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 36 36 35 35 34 33 32 32 31 3'5 29 28 26 25 24 Sun sets h. m. 714^ Wme given of sunrise and sunset is for 427 the meridian of Ottawa. The time of the mooiis phases for Ottawa is the same as that ^venfor Boston. 28 29 30 31 i2 z:^ 34 35 36 37 38 40 41 42 43 45 46 48 49 50 52 53 55 56 57 59 o 2 3 S 5 THIRD rT,ASS STORM, With great snoiv fail over tke Northern States and the Dominion of Canada, Will begin on the roth, south of the 45th parallel /^n ,^1 10 Last Quarter. 29. 9 D. H.M. 6 5 14 eve. 10 eve. 27 eve. 39 mom l^ New York. H.M. 6 2 eve. 6 58 eve. 10 15 eve. 9 27 morn Day of Week. TUES. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. Sun. MON. TUES. Wef, Thur. Fri. Sat. 8un. MON. TuES. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. Sun. MON. TUES. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. 8un. MON. TuES. Wed. Thur. si Washington. Charleston H.M. 4 50 eve. 5 46 eve. 10 3 eve. 9 15 mom. H.M. 4 38 eve. 5 34 eve. 9 51 eve. 9 3 morn. Chicago. H M. 4 8 eve. 5 4 eve. 9 21 eve. 8 3ii morn 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 o I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sun rises h. m. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ^ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Sun sets. 49 47 46 44 43 42 40 39 37 36 35 34 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 19 18 18 17 16 h. m 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 9 10 II 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ^8 39 ^■- FOUJITH CLASS STORM in the Atlantic north of the Tropic of Cancer, but second class in the Northern Pacific^ and south of the 23rd parallel. Very severe on the coast of British Columbia. Strik ».s the eastern coast of North America, from the east on the night of the 8th. probabilities. Falling temperature 5th and 6th. A mild May ! ito WIGGINS' STORM HERALD. vance, but this is not possible at the present time. Meteorology is yet in its infancy, and no one is yet able to anticipate the occurrence of a meteorological phenomenon for more than a few days — a week at the most. If any one will take the trouble to verify the weather predictions which in these days are so frequently made, by the ac- tual weather experienced, he will find that about half of them are fulfilled and half fail. When a given prediction is fulfilled it is of- ten made a matter of marked comment, while the unfulfilment of a similar prediction at another time is passed over in silence. The impression, therefore, prevails that reliance can be placed upon the forecastings of weather prophets, but this impression will be removed by any one who will give »*ttention to the subject. A series of sim- ple guesses, based upon no reasoning whatever, will come true in the long run as many times as they will fail. Until, then, weather predictions are fulfilled more times than the^ fail, they must be re- garded as equivalent to guesses and as having no value whatever. All predictions of the weather to be expected a month or more in advance, whether based upon the position of the planets, or of the moon, or upon the number of sun spots, or upon any supposed law of periodicity of natural phenomena, or upon any hypothesis what- ever which to-day has its advocates, are as unreliable as predictions of the time when the end of the world shall come. There is a difficulty in refuting the assertions of those who pre- tend to foretell the weather since their predictions frequently relate to occurrences which are almost sure to prove in part as foretold. Thus the prediction of early snow in August or September is a very safe one to make, if one claims the right to test it by the weather reported in any one town in the North-western States or Territories or adjacent British territory. Similarly the prediction of a storm in March is quite certain to be fulfilled. During the past ten years the number of storms which prevailed in thib country in March has averaged twelve, varying from ten in i88r and 1882 to eighteen in 1879. Some of these have been very severe, and it rarely happens that the month of March passes in any year without the occurrence of one or more storms accompanied by high winds upon the Atlan- tic coast. Undoubtedly in March, 1883, there will be storms of some severity, and some persons will be found who will notice the storm which comes nearest to March 1 1 and claim that Mr. Wiggins' prediction was verified, only that it was a day late, or a day early, or was not quite as severe as anticipated, or moved in a slightly differ- ent path, or in some other way differed in detail from that described, but that it was sufficiently near to entitle the author to a high rank as a prophet. I^t no one expect his prediction to be fulfilled in the B 17 M 6tli ICo. JUNE. 30 Days. Moon's Phases. Boston. New York. Washington. Charleston Chicago. D. H .M. H.M. H.M. H.M. llaM. New Moon ..51 [ 28 mom 1 16 mom 1 4 mom. 52 mom 22 mom First Quarter 12 9 57 mom 9 45 mom 9 33 mom. 9 21 mom 8 51 mom Pull Moon ..2011 47 mom 11 35'mom 11 23 mom. 11 11 morn 10 41 mom Third Quar.. 27 2 64 eve. 2 42 eve. 2 30 eve. 2 18 eve. 1 48 eve. \oS Day of '^o Sur 1 Sun • Week. qI rises h. m > sets. . h. m. Fri. I 4 i< 57 40 ., i Sat. 2 i4 I. 5 7 41 \ ' 8un. 3 4 I. 5 7 42 MON. 4 4 i^ \7 43 ' TUES. 5 4 i^ n 44 Wed. 6 4 i: 5 7 44 Thur. 7 4 i: n 45 ■ Fri. 8 4 li 45 Sat. 9 4 i: 27 46 Sun. lO 4 I' J 7 47 FOURTH CLASS STORM MON. II 4 I' n 47 TUES. 12 4 1 1 [ 7 48 Wed. 13 ■ 4 ij :7 48 On the 7th and 8th, with general rain fall. Thur. 14 4 u [7 49 Fri. 15 4 I] [7 49 probabilities. Sat. 16 4 I] [ 7 jO Hun. 17 4 11 7 50 Cool weather 4th to 6th. MON. 18 4 I] 7 51 ^' TUES. 19 4 11 7 51 Calm weather 15th to 24th. Wed. 20 4 11 7 51 Thur. 21 4 II 7 51 A cool June ! Fri. 22 4 12 7 52 Sat. 23 4 12 7 52 8un. 24 4 12 7 52 MON. 25 4 12 7 52 Tues. 26 4 13 7 52 Wed. 27 4 13 7 52 Thur. 28 4 14 7 52 Fri. 29 4 M 7 52 Sat. 30 4 15 7 52 % 18 WIGGINS' STORM HERALD. letter — it is safe to say it will not be ; but let every one expect that the coming March will, like all its predecessors in the memory of man, be characterized by storms of greater or less severity. The United States Signal Service in no one of its departments is more uniformly successful than in giving notice of the approach of severe storms. The records of the office show that not a single storm of ] any severity has moved across the country of our eastern shores for some years without warning being given to the Atlantic Coast. When March, 1883, arrives, the Service will issue its storm-warnings in advance of the storms which are to be looked for at that season of the year, and these warnings may be received with confidence, be- cause they do not depend upon the imagination of any would-be prophet, but reot upon the experience which past years has given the Service in its work. The published statement that the United States Signal Service has such confidence in Mr. Wiggins that it dis- played storm signals on the lakes three days in advance of a recent storm, on the strength of his prediction, needs no comment except an emphatic denial. The Signal Service is independent of any one who claims to foretell the weather ; it works by its own methods, and endeavors to keep pace with every real advance in the science of meteorology, but to avoid everything which belongs to the realm of foolish imaginings. In point of fact, the Service has first learned of any predictions made by Mr. Wiggins from the letter under pre- sent discussion, and in the case above mentioned, storm signals were not displayed on the lakes till a few hours before the approach of the storm in question. Too severe rebuke cannot be inflicted upon those who attempt to deceive or needlessly alarm the people by publishing such statements as that ot Mr. Wiggins. Their words are totally untrustworthy and the people should be so informed by those who are familiar with the subjects upon which these prophets presume to speak. Such state- ments fill lunatic asylums, and those who make them are enemies v">f society. Their publication is a pestilence, and it is the duty of ail persons who know the truth to denounce them and enlighten those who might believe them. Washington, Dic, 20, 1882. W. B. Hazen, Chief Signal Officer. , General Hazen first misrepresents, and then proceeds to demolish the shadow of his own creation. / did not ly that the storm will cross eastward over the Rocky Mountains. On the contrary, it will 19 I i f I I I ; — ! 1 7tlilCo. JULY. 31 Days. Moon's Pham 38. D. B<>9ton. New York Washington Charleston 1 Chicago. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M New Moon . 4 10 19 mom. 10 07 morn 9 55 mom. 9 43 mom 9 13 mom. First Quarter 12 3 05 morn. 2 63 mom 2 41 mom. 2 29 mom 1 59 mom. Full Moon .. 19 1047 eve. 10 35 eve. 10 23 eve. 10 11 eve. 9 41 eve. Third Quar.. 26 7 29 eve. 7 17 eve, 7 5 eve. 6 53 eve. 6 23 eve. o^ Day of ^§ Sun Sun vreek. oi rises ti. m. Sets. \i. m. 8I1I1. I 4 15 7 52 MON. 2 4 16 7 51 TUES. 3 4 16 7 51 Wed. 4 4 17 7 51 Thur. 5 4 18 7 51 Fri. 6 4 1917 50 Sat. 7 4 19 7 50 Sup 8 4 20 7 49 probabilities. MON. 9 4 21 7 49 TUES. lO 4 22 7 48 Slight fall in temperature 4th and 5 th. Wed. II 4 23 7 48 Thur. Fri. 12 13 4 23 4 24 7 47 7 47 General rain 6th, 7th and 8th. Sat. Sun. 15 4 25 4 26 7 46 7 45 Unusually hot all over the cont nent 9th MON. 16 4 27 7 44 to 26th, interrupted by heavy thunder- Tubs. 17 4 28 7 44 storms. Wed. 18 4 29 7 43 Thur. Fri. 19 20 4 30 4 31 7 42 7 41 A very hot July ! Sat. 21 4 32 7 40 Sun. 22 4 33 7 39 MON. 23 4 34 7 38 Tubs. 24 4 35 7 37 '■ Wed. 25 4 36 7 36 Thur. 26 4 37 7 35 Fri. 27 4 38 7 34 Sat. 28 4 39 7 33 ISan. 29 4 40 7 32 MON. 30 4 41 7 31 - Tubs. 31 4 42 7 29 . 1 ao i,.' WIGGINS' STORM HERALD. originate in the " Northern Pacific," and will proceed directly west- ward, in an opposite direction, and will reach the Rocky Mountains from the east after having passed round the world. This may seem astounding to the general, but astronomers treat of the causes^ while meteorologists treat only of the effects. A stratum of atmosphere covering half the continent might move from these mountains to the Atlantic, and the fact be unknown if moving in a plane one or two miles above the earth's surface. The last transit of Venus, Dec. 6th, 1882, afforded the most positive proof as to the scientific reliability of my theory of continental storms The following letter was sent to His Excellency Lord Lome, Governor-General, then at Santa Barbara, California, Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise being on her way to Bermuda to spend the winter : Ottawa, Dec. 23, 1882. May it please your Excellency. Seeing it announced that Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise IS to undertake a sea voyage and sojourn some months in Bermuda, I take the liberty to inform Your Excellency that the ensuing winter will be remarkable for violent storms in the Atlantic ocean ; one beginning on the night of the qth of January, one still more severe on the 9th of February, and the third on t»ie 9th, loth and nth of March. The last named will be one of the most extensive and destructive of the present century. As the planetary pressure will be greatest on this meridian circle, this storm's greatest strength will appear in the vicinity of the Bay of Bengal and the Gulf of Mexico. I have the honor to be Your Excellency's most obedient, humble servant, E. Stone Wiggins. 21 w mm 'ir 8tli3ffo. AiratrsT. 31 DajB. 'w Moon'ft Phases. Boston. New York. WashingtoL. Charleston Chicago. New Moon . . 2 First Quarter 10 Full Moon . . 18 Third Quar.. 25 H.M. 8 42 eve. 8 45 eve. 8 10 mom. 48 mom. 8 30 eve. 8 33 evo. 7 68 mom. 36 mom. H.M. 8 18 eve. 8 21 eve. 7 46 mom. 24 mom. H.M. 8 6 eve. 8 9 eve. 7 34 mom. 12 mom. 7 36 eve. 7 39 eve. 24 d. 7 4 m. li 42 eve. Day of Week. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. Sum. MON. TUFS. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. 8Uiil. MON. TUES. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat." t4un. MON. TUES. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. Sun. r toN. TUES. Wed. Thur. Fri. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lo II 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sun rises h. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 J 5 m. 44 45 46 47 48 50 51 52 53 54 56 5/ 58 59 o 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 II 12 14 15 i6 17 18,6 Sun sets h. m. 28 26 25 24 23 21 20 19 17 16 14 13 II 9 8 6 5 3 5 20 59 58 56 54 5^ 5i 4? 48 46 44 42 41 probabilities. General rain fall over Canada and the United States, beginning in the Maritime Provinces on the evening oi' the 4th, and passing north-west over the continent, south of the 56th parallel. Slight frosts 17th, rSth and 19th. Excessively hot during the whole month in British Columbia. A mild August ! 22 ESSAY ON COMETS. The following is Prof. Wiggins' essay on comets, which he wrote in 1 88 1 as competitor for the prize offered by H. H. Warner, Esq., founder of the Warner Observatory, Rochester, New York : — {From the Ottawa Citizen.) COMETS. THEIR COMPOSITION, PURPOSE AND EFFECT UPON THE EARTH. DR. E. STONE WIGGINS ESSAY. The following is the full text of Dr. E. Stone Wiggins' essay on " Comets, their composition, purpose and effect upon the earth," which had such a narrow escape from carrying off the Warner prize. At a later date, for the purpose of comparison, we will publish the prize essay : — Comets, as denoted by the spectrum, are bodies similar in consti- tution to our earth, subject, however, to varying degrees of heat, ex- pansion and contraction, and are no doubt embryo planets or plan- ets in a state of formation. That the nucleus is a heavy body may be infe^Ted from its vast journeys, the rapidity with which it travels, and its attractive power upon its tail, portions of which are some- times many millions of miles from its surface, and which, consisting largely of carbon, is forced about it a? a luminous atmosphere when, on reaching its greatest distance from the sun, the nucleus is in a state of comparative quiescence. As this atmosphere, like that of Encke's comet, is sometimes many times greater in volume than at others, we may conclude that the nucleus as well as the atmosphere itself is subject to varying degrees of the highest temperature. This is, no doubt, du J wholly or mainly to electric disturbance to which these bodies are exposed in approaching and receding from the sun. Force, creating friction between particles, is the greet generator of electric action, and the comets, undergoing constant expansion and contrac- tion, must contain an electric power far beyond any degree of which the human mind can conceive. Several astronomers, including Newton, afBrm that the diameter of cometary nebulosities increases in proportion to their distance from the sun. The diameter of the nucleus of Donati's comet, July 19th, 1858, was ,600 miles, but on 23 m .fc. 1 ' — • • — 1 ' 1 9tli 2Co. SSFTEMBEA. 30 Days* 1 Moon's Pha8€ '8. D. Boston. New York. Washington. Charleston Chicago. li H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. HI NewMjon.. 1 9 30 mom. 9 IS mom. 9 6 mom. 8 .54 mom. 8 24 mom. |9| First Quarter 9 1 54 eve. 1 42 eve. 1 ,10 eve. 1 18 eve. 48 eve. II' Full Moon . . 16 4 57 eve. 4 i5 eve. 4 33 eve. 4 21 eve. 3 51 eve. i Ijaflt Quarter. 23 8 6 mom. 7 54 mom. 7 42 mom. 7 .30 mom. 7 mom. { Day of Sun Sun ' Week. 1 rises sets h. m. • r 1 h. m. Sat. I 5 21 6 39 : Sun 2 5 22 6 37 ! MON. i 3 5 23 6 35 •• TUES. 4 5 24 6 33 ■ Wed. 5 5 26 6 31 *: Thur. 6 5 27 6 29 THIRD CLASS STORM, Fri. 7 5 28 6 27 3 ; Sat. Sun. 8 9 TO 5 29 5 30 5 32 6 25 6 23 6 22 jrd, 4th^ and sth, general over the ceniineni. MON. with heavy rain-fall. ■' TUES. II 5 33 6 20 Wed. 12 5 34 6 18 Severe on the European and American Thur. 13 5 35 6 16 coasts. Wind from the westward on the 1 Fri. 14 5 36 6 14 ■; ' Sat. 15 5 38 6 T2 Canadian lakes. Tides above normal in Sun. MON. 16 17 5 39 5 40 6 10 6 8 Newfoundland, England and at Halifax. ) 1 TUES. 18 5 41 6 6 Wed. *9 5 42 6 J PROBABILITIES. Thur. 20 5 44 6 2 Fri. -'I 5 45 6 Sharp frosts 15th, i6th and 17th, Sat. 22 5 46 5 58 ' 1 Sun. 23 5 47 5 56 The equinoodal storm below the average. 1 MON. 24 5 48 5 54 . |: TUES. 25 s 50 5 53 A warm but windy September ! i 1; Wed. 26 5 51 5 51 I I li Thur. 27 5 52 5 49 k E* 1 Fri. 28 5 53 5 47 ■ i * Sat. 29 5 55 b 45 ) J Sun. 30 5 56 5 43 1 1 1 J 1 i . a4 WIGGINS' STORM HERALD. the 30th August only 4,660, and on the 5th October only 400 miles ! The following day it was 800 miles, and on October ^th, 1,120, but on the loth it diminished to 630 miles (Gkisher's World of Comets) ! Sometimes the nucleus is rent in sunder by this electric develop- ment, no doubt by the force of unlike electricities, for it is an ascer- tained law that like electricities repel and unlike attract ; and the fact that these parts refused afterwards 10 approach each other and blend into their former condition shows they were separated by elec- tric action. In the beginning of the year 1846 Biela's cjmet divided into two parts, which new appear in the catalogues as two distinct comets, having their respective orbits. It was one of these that grazed the earth in 1872, and which held in its train a zone of mete ors which fell with such splendour on the night of November 27th. On December 21st, 1845, this comtc was observed by Encke at Ber- lin, and on the 25th by M. Valz at Marseilles, neither of whom per- ceived the slightest t^ace of separation, but when viewed at Washing- ton on the 13th of January it was found to be double. The two nu- clei were seen by Challis at Cam.bridge, January 15th, also by Encke on the 27th, and by Valz only fifteen days before it reached its peri- helioii. Maury describes the smaller as resembling in brilliancy a diamond spark, and adds that he perceived rays sent out by the old one to the new, forming a kind of bridge belween them which seems explicable only by supposing them in a high state of eJectric action. The Olinda comet — the first of i860 — was also double, and similar phenomena are recorded by Democritus, Seneca, Dion Cassius and other ancient writers. ' It is evident, therefore, that comets shine by their own light, their brightness increasing according to the violence of this electric force, for it is observable that those whose aphelion — as the interior comets — is near the sun, and which have a slow motion in their orbit, are almost invisible, while the long period comets, or those which run to an immense distance and w'th great swiftness, as Halley's and the great comet of 161 1, resemble in brilliancy the electric soark. The great comet of 1843 at eleven o'clock in the morning was visible to the naked eye near to the sun like a s':ar of the first magnitude. The comet of 1866, discovered by Tempel, was subjected to spectral analysis by Mr. Huggins and Father Secchi, and furnished complete evidence that while the coma and tail owe their illumination to the sun the nucleus itself is self-lumin- ous Glashier, Arago, Humboldt, Mathieu and Borvard arrived at the same conclusion on viewing with a telescope-poluriscope Halley's comet and the comet of 181 9 by perceiving that the light of the coma was polarized and therefore had its origin in some foreign luminous source. 25 dM ^_0^J^ OCTOBER. 31 Days. Moon's Phases New Moon . , First Quarter Full Moon. . . Third Quar.. New Moon . . Boston. H.M. 1 10 mom. 5 3P mom. 16|2 1 mom. 22|6 34 eve. 30!7 13 eve. New York, HM. JH.M. 68 mom.| 46 mom. 5 24 mora. | |1 49|mon:i. 6 21,eve. 17 Teve. Day od>.c Sun Sun Sots. tn. h. m. 585 41 59 5 39 05 37 rork. Wa^ihington. Charleston Chicago, 12 mom. H. Ml 34 mom. 6 mom. H.M. 4 mom. --""'*"• " u mom. 4 30 mom. 1 37 mom. 1 26 iriorn. 55 mom 6 10 eve. 6 58 eve. 5 28 eve 6 49 eve. 6 37 eve. 6 7 eve PROBABILITIES. Cold from the ist to the 4th, with win( and flurries of snow. Fine weather from che 6th to the 21st. Cold the 30th and 31st. A fine and calm October ! That comets travel through space by an attractive and repulsive power seated in the solar orb is axiomaticsince no body could period- ically approach and recede from another in a straight line, or nearly so, unless under the control of such a force which astronomers gener- ally adjudge to be electricity. This seems confirmed by the appear- ance of the tail, which is always opposite the sun, even in perihelion, and immediately after the nucleus has struck out upon its long journey into space. Even Seneca records Coma: radios salts effugi- unt, and this truth has been confirmed by Fracastoro, Cardan, and all modern astronomers. If when running to its perihelion, no force were exerted upon the comet by the sun, nothing could avert its falling into that luminary, for it cannot be supposed to possess an intrinsic force to repel itself, otherwise it would never seek its perihelion. The only plausible theory seems to be that when driven off into space it gives off its electricity and eventually becoming; elec- trically negative to the sun, is violently forced back again, according to the law of unlike electricities. On striking withi*> a certain limit it begins to be charged by the solar current, but being impelled by its powerful momentum it rushes forward till the cumulative torce is sufficient, first to divert it from its course, and finally to repel it. The tai\ however, consisting of much lighter substances, is more readily charged and repelled, which accounts for its great length in approaching its perihelion and its preceding the nucleus when striking off from the sun. If this theory be true, and if these bodies consist of no tangible elements, as Tyndal and others assert, it is evi('ent they would travel more speedily when at their greatest solar distance, which they do not, and could never approach to a sufficient degree to be repelled. That comets, like the other heavenly bodies, are constantly in- creasing in size and density is a reasonable hypothesis. Their paths must necessarily lie in the region of meteoric zones which are known to exist throughout space. These bodies, in a comparative state of rest and uncharged with electric power, would be negatively at- tracted by a passing comet, but becoming electrically charged, and be'ng incapable to any degree of holding electric energy, would, while being warded off, follow the comet in its path, only to fall upon the nucleus on the latter's reaching its aphelion, having given off its electric power, and being no longer al^le to resist the force of gravi- tation. The conclusion seems irresistable, therefore, that since the comets are forever increasing in density, a time must come when their orbits will gradually shorten, the electric energy of the solar orb being no longer able to repel them. At that period they will have decreased to the maximum their orbits' eccentricity ; that is, by gradually refusing to obey the electric forces of the sun, they 27 lt:;i lltli Mo. NOVEMSER. 30 Days. Moon's Phases. Boston. D. First Quarter 7 Full Moon. . . 14 Third Quar.. 21 New Moon . . 29 H.M. 7 20 eve. 1 1 53 eve. 8 59 mom 2 10 eve. New York. HcMa 7 8 eve. 11 41 eve. 8 47 mom 1 58 eve. Washington. H.M. 6 56 eve. 29 eve. 35 morn. 46 eve. 11 8 1 Charleston H.M. 6 44 eve. 11 17 eve. 8 23 mom 1 34 eve. Chicago. 6 14 eve. 10 47 eve. 7 53 mom 1 4 eve. Day of Week. Thur. Fri. Sat. Sun. MON. TUES. Wed. Thur. iKi. Sat. 8un. MON. TUES. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. 8un. MON. TUES. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. Sun. MON. TUES. Wed. Thur. Fri. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Sun rises m. 39 41 42 44 45 47 48 50 51 53 54 55 57 58 o I 2 4 5 Sun sets. h. m. 4 47 46 4s 43 41 40 39 38 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 8 4 24 9 4 23; 10 4 22 12 4 22 13 4 21 14 4 20 IS 4 20 16 4 19 18 4 19 19 4 18 THIRD CLASS STORM On the Atlantic^ and ail over the continent oj North America on the joth. Dangerous to shipping in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. PROBABILITIES. High and variable winds from the 2nd to the 6th. Cold;from ist to the 5th, and from the 26th to the 30th. An ordinary November ! -•^r- 38 WIGGINS' STORM HERALD. ( I i I will fall under the dominion of the laws of gravitation, and assume the motion and character of planets. Encke's comet, whose return to its perihelion is always two or three days earlier at each succes- sive revolution, is a stridng witness to this truth, is no doubt with the other short period comets as Winnecke's, Bronsen's, Tuttle's, Faye's and Biela's^ about to enter upon its planetary era. If comets become planets, their atmospheres must consist of ele- ments similar to those of the planets, excepting that the former hold in solution vast quantities of carbon exuded from the nucleus by the immense heat and electric action to which they are exposed. " In a chemical point of view," says Glaisher, " the comets which have as yet been subjected to spectral examination are of a very simple constitution. They consist of simple carbon, or of carbon and hy- drogen, according to the comparisons made by Mr. Huggins, and carbonic oxide, according to Secchi. The Italian astronomer was, therefore, justified in saying, ' It is remarkable that all the comets observed up to the present time have the bands of carbon." The same is true of the comet of 1881. The tails of comets are highly electrified by the sun, and probably to a limited degree by the nu- cleus. The comet of 1850 had two tails, as also had the great comet of 1 86 1, while that of 1744 had six. The refusal of these to unite, notwithstanding the velocity with which they were dragged after the nucleus, proves that they had a mutual repulsion towards each other, and were charged with like electricities. It is for a cause similar to this that the comet is not robbed wholly or partially of its tail by the planets that lie in proximity to its orbit, for the planets' atmospheres being also electrically charged, as may be inferred from c jr aurora borealis, repel them. On June 30th, 1861, the earth and its satellite were overwhelmed in the tail of the comet of that year, and yet the carbonic oxide, of which it is largely composed, and which, had it been absorbed, would have extinguished the higher orders of life on our globe, was not appropriated by our atmos- phere, the cometary coma or the nucleus itself, having, as events proved, contributed to it a large amount of e'ectric energy even be- fore the nucleus had reached our orbit. We know that an outburst of flame in the sun's atmosphere is usually indicated by a thrill in the magnetic needle, and by an auroral outbreak in the upper at- mosphere, and Mr. Hind, who was observing this comet at the mo- ment of its passage by our planet, says : " There was a peculiar phosphorescence or illumination of the sky, which I attributed at the time to an auroral glare," but which he sul3sequently adjudged to be an effect of the comet. Mr. Lowe, another English observer, says he perceived '* a singular yellow phosphorescent glare, very like 29 12th ICo. DSCSliBZat. 31 Days. Moon's Phases. Boston. New York. Washington. Charleston Chicago. D. B'irst Quarter 7 Full Moon .. 13 Third Quar.. 21 New Moon . . 29 H.M. 7 2 mor. 10 44 eve. 3 24 mor. 8 16 mor. H.M. 6 50 mor. 10 32 eve. 3 12 mor. 8 4 mor. H.M. 6 38 mom. 10 20 eve. 3 mum. 7 52 morn. H.M. 6 26 mor. 10 8 eve. 2 48 mor. 7 40 mor. H.M. 5 66 mom. 9 38 eve. 2 18 mom. 7 10 mom. Day of o rs Sun Sun Week. QS rises sets. h. m. h. m. • Sat. I 7 20 4 18 Sun. 2 7 21 4 18 Mon. 3 7 22 4 17 TUES. 4 7 24 4 17 - Wed,. S 7 25 4 16 Thur. 6 7 2b 4 16 . Fri. 7 7 27 4 16 Sat. 8 7 28 4 16 Sun. 9 7 29 4 16 THIRD CLASS STORM, Mon. lO 7 30 4 16 TUES. II 7 31 4 16 On the Atlantic and over the Western Hem- Wed. 12 7 32 4 16 Thur. 13 7 33 4 16 isphere generally, on the ist and 2nd. Fri. 14 7 33 4 17 Sat. 15 7 34 4 17 Dangerous to shipping near the banks of Sun. Mon. 16 17 7 35 7 '^6 4 17 4 17 Newfoundland and in the Bay of Biscay. Tues. 18 7 36 4 18 Blinding sncw-storm on the 30th in the Wed. 19 7 37 4 i8 Thur. 20 7 37 4 19 Maritime Provinces, and in Quebec and Fri. 21 7 38 4 19 Ontario on the 31st. Sat. 22 7 38 4 20 8UB. 23 7 39 4 20 A boisterous December ! Mon. 24 7 39 4 21 ■ •■ Tues. 2.5 7 40 4 21 Wed, 26 7 40 4 22 • ■. . • THURi 27 7 4o!4 23 Fri. 28 7 40 4 23 : . Sat. 29 7 41 4 24 . ■ • Sun. 30 7 41 4 24 Mon. 31 7 41 4 25 • 30 WIGGINS' STORM HERALD. diffused aurora borealis, but being daylight such aurora could scarcely be noticeable." It was also observed that the tail here- tofore rectilinear now assumed the form of a fan expanded upon the heavens, no doubt the result of its beipg repelled by rhe earth's atmos- phere. It is therefore highly improbable that a long period comet which is always highly electrified, could collide with our planet, since it would electrically charge it, when they would repel each other. There is nothing improbable in the supposition, however, that if a short period comet, like the comet of Eucke, possessing, as they do, little electric development, might, if passing near, fall under the earth's attraction and become its satellite, possessing sufficient electric energy, however, to shy it from collision. Mauper- tius, though he erroneously believed the planets to be in constant danger from comets, was of this opinion : — " Not only might a comet carry away our moon," says this writer, " but it might itself be- come our satellite and be condemned to perform its revolutions about our earth and illuminate our nights. Our moon might ori- ginally have been a small comet, which, in consequence of hav- ing too nearly approached the earth was made captive by it. Jupi- ter and Saturn, bodies much larger than the earth, and whose power extends to a greater distance and over larger comets, would be more liable than the earth to make such acquisitions ; consequently Jupiter has four moons revolving about him and Saturn five " (seven). As the secondary planets must have been created subsequently to their primaries, this is exceedingly plausible. If a comet on ap- proaching the sun should experience no repulsive force to project it into space it would revolve round him, and a similar phenomenon would occur if under certain conditions a comet were to approach the earth. Here the astronomer and the geologist meet, for the lat- ter can in no way account for the appet: ranee of a carbonic atmos- phere that sprang upon the earth when only the simplest animal forms had yet appeared upon its surface, and these, excepting a few insects, inhabitants of the water, the earth having at that period at- tained only about one-fifth of its present organized age. This event took place at the close of the Devonian epoch, and immediately at the beginning of the .Carboniferous when our coal measures were formed. These coal-bearing strata, it is well known, are simply the remains of a boundless vegetation which existed at that period, which must have flourished in an atmosphere whose chief element was carbon, when the ferns and other tropical plants now but a few feet high were not only of great dimensions, but spread everywhere over the earth, the temperature even in the Arctic rfegions equalling 31 'A that of the tropics at the present day. " In the present era," says Professor Dana, " the atmosphere consists essentially of oxygen and nitrogen in the proportion of 23 to 77 parts by volume. Along with these constituents there are about four parts by volume of carbonic acid in 10,000 parts of air. Much more carbonic acid would be in- jurious to animal life. To vegetable life, on the contrary, it would be, within certain limits, promotive of growth, for plants live mainly by means of the carbonic icid they receive through their leaves. The carbon they contain comes principally from the air. This being so, it follows that the carbon wliich is now coal, and was once in plants of different kinds, has come from the atmosphere, and there- fore that the atmosphere now contains less carbonic acid at all events, than it did at the beginning of the carboniferous period, by the amount siowed away in the coui of the globe. Moreover, the car- bon in the limestone (carbonate of lime) of the earth, while it was taken directly from the waters, came in part from the atmosphere, the rains carrying it down to the ocean. If then the limestone robbed the atmosphere as well as the coal, the amount of carboni- ferous coal does not probably represent more carbonic acid than the atmosphere of the carboniferous age lost. In the early time there was no aerial animal life on the earth, and so late as the car- boniferous period there were only reptiles, myriapods, spiders, in- sects and pulmonate moUusks." (Matiutfji of Geology^ p. ^t^z-) To account for the remarkable appearance of this carbonic atmo "sphere which then overwhelmed the earth, seems only possible by the sup- position that a short period comet wandering near our planet was made captive by it and became our moon, the earth meanwhile hav- ing stripped it of a large portion of its atmosphere. But if such an event did happen — so long after our world had become an organ- ized body and the theatre of animal organisms — there must be some record of the epoch in the stratified rocks, and it is a fact of the most profound interest that such witness does appear at the very dawn of the carboniferous age, hitherto baffling all attempts at explanation by geologists, for the sub-strata afford no proof of its hav- ing been produced byinternal convulsion. Anyone who has visited St. John, N.B., and remarked how the whole geologic system on which the city stands — the lower silurian — though formed-with the greatest precis- ion, stands on its edge at an angle of nearly 90 ° , a stratum of ^reat thickness and which extends over a large portion of that Provmce, must be convinced that while there is evidence indisputable of its having been originally deposited horizontally, the whole system was in some past period stripped off and re-arranged, the fragments taking the plane of the electric current that was then formed upon 3a the surface. "In Eastern Canada, Nova Scotia and Maine," says Dana, " the Devonian and silurian strata are uplifted at various angles beneath unconformable beds of the carboniferous, and many of them have undergone more or less complete metamorphism (Dawson, Logan, Hitchcock). Dawson says that in the Acadiac provinces in passing downward from the carboniferous to the Devonian we constantly find unconformability and part of the granite of Nova Scotia belongs to the close of the Devonian. Again, in New Brunswick and Maine the Devonian beds near Perry under- lie unconformably the carboniferous, the latter resting with small dip on the upturned edges of the plant-bearing Devonian strata. It appears then that an epoch of great disturbance oyer the eastern border region intervened between the Devonian and carboniferous ages." {Manual of Geology^ p. 289.) That the earth will app)opri.ctie another comet and thus possess itself of another satellite is an event certain to occur in some future age of its history, an event that may happen at almost any moment, and which '■'mply means — excepting the amphibious and aquatic — the extinction of animal life on the surface of our globe. ' Encke's comet will in all probability be this new satellite whose periodic time is constantly decreasing, and whose greatest distance from the 8un is far within the orbit of Jupiter. As the comae or atmospheres of comets possess no light of their own, but are rendered visible by the solar rays passing through them, we are warranted in concluding that light does not exist throughout space, but only in the atmospheres of the heavenly bodies. How absurd, therefore, the doctrine of Proctor and nearly all modem astronomers that the moon is a dead planet, possessing no atmos- phere, the only means by ' hich she is rendered luminous. It is improbable, however, that bhe is peopled with the higher order of intelligent beings, her inhabitants consisting wholly or mainly of organisms similar to those of our Devonian age. =■ W. _i.j— Jt:i-! ' 33 3S» OPINIONS OF THE P^iESS. A WEATHKR PROPHECY FULFILLED. Wiggins' predicted storm came last week, at the stated time. Vennor should take a back seat.— iWb//(r Leaf. Where, under the sun, is Vennor ? He seems to have dropped from the list of weather prophets since the appearance of Wiggins. — Ottawa Fru Press. The press both in Canada and the United States is asking for Wiggins' Almanac. As his predictions have now the public con- fidence, he should publish one. — Ottawa Free Press, Dr. Wiggins predicted this storm (Nov. la, i88a), in July last. His predictions must be founded on some scientific basis or he could not hit it every time. — Ottawa Free Press^ Nov. I3th^ 1882. Prof. Wiggins certainly has been, at least, fortunate in his guesses in the past, and even though other meteorologists decry him, is entitled to be credited until his \u edictions are shown to be astray. — Winnipeg Times. Dr. Wiggiiis has received some encouragement from the attention paid to his storm forecast, by Prof. Fred George Keekla, of Vienna, Austria, one of the leading astronomers of Europe. The Austrian savant is desirous of obtaining the full details of Prof. Wiggins' prediction. — London Herald^ January i^th^ 1883. We remember that Hazen has been giving us storms on sunny days and sunshine on stormy days. He has sent us out with a .■i M ii na i inL ••■•^ 1 .1" i-.MU w spring overcoat to find the thermometer below zero, and with a winter overcoat to find the thermometer going up towards the nine- ties. Under such circumstances we do not propose to throw Wiggins over yet. — Chicago Tribune ^ Dec. 26 th^ 1882. We have a Canadian astronomer, Prof. Stciie Wiggins, the only natural^ cr, in other words, Canadian production in that line. And he is not a man to be despised, being the author of scientific and as- tronomical works. More than twenty years ago I read one of hir books. I believe, from my knowledge of the man, that his predic- tion of a great storm in March is well founded. — Rev. Dr, Wild. Stone Wiggins has forewarned us what we may expect on Sunday, March, nth. Even Zadkiel, the leading seer of Her Majecty Queen Victoria, states that March will be stormy ^bout the 12th when mariners are warned to look out for squalls. We have already considered the Wiggins' prophecy from an astro-oieteorological point of view and arrived at the conclusion that there would be very high tides and very stormy weather between the 9th and 12 th of that month. — New York Mercury. We always said, and still maintain, that Mr. Wiggins must take high rank as an astronomer. Indeed it may be safely said that he is a peg higher than mo^t of those wise ones who have been lately publishing how little they know about the transit of Venus. It is his high position as an astronomer which enables Dr. Wiggins to see further into the weather of the future than any other man, and to put out of joint the noses of such weather prophets as the Vennors, Carpmaeis, and others of that ilk. — Daily Sun, St, John, N. B. The Great Storm.— We see by our Maritime exchanges that Wiggins, the astronomer, two months ago gave warning of a great storm, that was to pass over the North American continent on the 15 th inst., accompanied by high tides in the Atlantic, according to the telegrams to jjiand, his words have had a fearful fulfilment. We are told that his predictions, though not frequent, are always care- fully noted by sea-faring men. H'3 wife, (" Gunthilda") who is now visiting in Prince Edward County, he frequently warned by letter to be safely housed on Thursday last. — Daily Ontario, Sept. 17th, '82. 3« liiiiiiwni rt'fii inrt' •" •" " - • " i* -i ' • 'i --r-nr t I ■ . — — ' '"'^ ^'1 We confess that for many reasons we much prefei Prof. Wiggins — this man of large ideas — to Vennor, with his pottering, pestering and altogether profitkas prying into trifles. There is so lething heroic and colossal in the proportions of such a prophet who has the hardihood to foretell a tempest such as has not occurred within the memory of living man. If our seer is vindicatcid by the happening of the event being precise as to the date of its Occurrence, then we shall have at last a weather prophet who is really worth something, a credit to Canada and a boon to the world. — Montreal Herald^ Dec. 27, 1882. Dr. Wiggins has been a devoted student of astronomy for many years, and has written and published several works upon his favorite study. He was one of the competitors for the prize lately offered by Mr. Warner, of Rochester, for essays on an astronomical subject in which the first astronomers in America competed, and it has been ascertained that patriotic considerations alone prevented the award coming to Canada. In 1878 he contested Queens, N. B., in the Conservative interest, and was subsequently appointed by Sir Leon- ard Tilley to a responsible position in the Finance Department. — Belleville Ontario. Professor Wiggins says that a dozen heavy storms have taken place in the last few years and that he has given warning of them all. It is certainly yet fresh in the minds of the reading public, that in July last he gave warning of the late storm that struck with so much severity and caused wide -spread disaster on the coast of New- foundland, and also lieralded the approach of the great storm of the 14th September last, by which the S S. Asia was lost, with a hun- dred passengers on board, nearly all of whom perished, in Lake Huron. This September storm, he says, was the return of a terrible storm in October, 1780, which wrought havoc amcng the British ships of war then cruising in the Gulf of Mexico. — Sydney Advocate, C.B. It was Dr. Stone Wiggins, of the Finance Department, Ottawa, who predicted that terrific gales, accompanied by hail, would com- mence to blow from the south-east, along the Atlantic coasts, on June 25th. The prediction was fulfilled to the letter. The gale showed itself on the day mentioned in the south-eastern States, and travelled in a north-westerly direction, increasing in fury as it proceed ;6 - .».^ . » ^ . ^^ ^. ^. I^VI WIGGINS' STORM HERALD. ed northward,and doing much damage to property. In Georgia many buildings were blown to ruins, and in Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania private buildings, churches and public buildings were destroyed, and many lives were lost. The tornado touched Ontario, and ruined crops in the vicinity of St. Catharines, Welland, Erie, Watford, and elsewhere. Dr. Wiggins appears to have calcu- lated very exactly the course of the storm and the date when it would commence operations.™ Jbr' Sf], MRS. C. HOWAR lH. 24^ Yonue .Street, 'i'Dronto. THE COMBIITATIOIT. THE oosrx.-x' Coci/ 1^^ IVood Cook Stove on tJic Right Prijiciplc INVENTOn AND PATENTEE F . ]Vsj: o s E s ,' :i01 YONGE STREET, TORONTO. 21;^^ Hundreds of Testiiiioiiiais. SJ CALL AND SEE ONE WORKING if