lAAAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^^ /.^ 41, 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■so "^^ ■- - 2 12^ 1.4 11^ M 11^ ^' ^> '» ^ ''>/ > <^#.>' i-^ y /^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 W6S» ^^ «■'-'■■ "jFREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 m* CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Note* techniques et bibiiographiquee The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou peliicuiie I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ D Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 fiim^es. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl6mentaires: L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a iti possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliogiraphique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6thode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ D Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagies Pages restored and/oi Pages restauries et/ou pellicul6es Pages discoloured, stained or foxe< Pages dicolor^es, tacheties ou piqj^es Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Quality in^gaie de I'impression Includes supplementary materia Co nprend du materiel suppiimentaire Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible I I Pages damaged/ I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ r~~| Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I I Pages detached/ I I Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ I I Only edition available/ Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film^es A nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 1 y 12X 16X 2DX 24X 28X 32X :ail8 du >difier una nage Tha copy filmad hara has baan raproducad thanka to tha ganarosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada The images appearing hare are tha best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in Icaeping with tha filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmad beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"). whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaira film* fut raproduit grAca A la gAnArosit* da: La bibiiothique des Archives publiques du Canada Las images suivantas ont At6 raproduites avac la plus grand soin. compta tenu de la condition at da la natteti da rexernplaire filmA, et en conformity avac las conditions du contrat de fiimage. Les exemplaires originaux dont ia couverture en papier est imprimAe sont filmte en commenQant par la premier plat et en terminant soit par la darniire page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par la second plat, salon la cas. Tous les autras exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -^ signifie 'A SUIVRE '. le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre film^s h des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre raproduit en un neul cliche, 11 est film* A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche it droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la m^thoda. irrata to pelure. in d n 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 VIEWS OF THE UNITED STATES' COMMISSIONERS ON THE AL/VSKA BOUNDARY, AS DEFINED BY THE TREATY OF 1825. (COMMUNICATED BY GENERAL FOSTOR TO THE MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT HIGH COMMISSION ASSEMBLED AT QUEBEC, AUGUST 1898.) TABLE OF CONTENTS. {Tlivi 1(Mp. w not contained in the Volume communicated by General Foster to the Mefmhn-x of the International Joint High Commission.) GENERAL FOSTER'S MEMORANDUM APPENDIX I. CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO THE NEGOTIATIONS OF RUSSIAN TREATY OP FEBRUARY 16 (28), 1825. The MarquiB of Londonderry to Count Lieven The Mariiuis of Londonderry to Sir C. Bagot Mr. S. Cunning to the Manjuis of Londonderry Hudson Bay Company to tlie Marcjuis of Londonderry Earl Bathurst to the Duke of Wellington Memorandum Memorandum by thy Duke of Wellington ... Hudson Bay Compimy to Mr. G. Canning Mr. G. Canning to tlie Duke of Wellington The Duke of Wellington to Mr. G. Canning Mfmorandum enclosed in forgeoing M6nioiro (.'(infidentiel, and translation.. The Duke of Wellington to Count Lievpn The Duke of Wellington to Mr. G. Canning Baron Tuyll to Count Kesselrode, and translation ... THE ANGLO- . Jan. 18, 1822 . Jan. 19, 1822 . Feb. li», 1822 . March 27, 1822 . Sept. 14, 1822 ... Sept. 11, 1822 ... Sept. 25, 1822 ... Sept. 27, 1822 ... Nov. 28, 1822 ... Oct. 17, 1822 Nov. 11 (23), 1822 ... Nov. 28, ^822 ... Nov. 29, 1822 Oct. 21 (Nov. 2), 1822 Count Lieven to Mr. G. Canning, and translation ... Mr. G. Canning to Sir t. Bagot Mr. G. Canning to Sir C. Bugot... Sir t' Biigot to Mr. G. Canning Shipowners' Society to ,'Ir. G. Canning Mr. S. Canninn to Mr. G. Canning M), ... Aug. 2, ... Aug. 12, ... Aug. 31, .. Sept. 12, Sri.t. 10 (Oct. 1), ... Sei)t. 13, ... Decs, Feb. 1 (13), Feb. 1 (13), Feb March 15, 17 (Murih 1), Feb. 20(Murih3), . March 13, April 3 (15), May 8 (20), 1824 1824 1824 1824 1824 1824 1824 1H24 1825 1826 1825 182.'-) 1825 182.') 1825 1825 APPENDIX II. Convention between KtiPsia and the United States Convention between Great Britain and Russia Treaty l)etween Russia and the United States concerning Cession of Alaska April 5 (17), 1824 Feb. 16 (28), 1825 the March 18 (30), 1867 APPENDIX III. TERMI.VATION OF UNITED STATES PRIVILEGES IN RUSSIAN .AMERICAN TERRITORY. Huron Krudener to Mr. Dickins Extruct.s from the " (ilobe " Newsimj^r Mr. Dallas to Mr. Forsyth Count NoB.selrodt> to Mr. Dalins May 19(31), 1835 ... .Iidy23, 1836 May 13, 1838 ... April 27, 1838 APPENDIX IV. APPENDIX V. FROM THE CANADIAN SESSIONAL I'AI'ERS, 1874. Report of .1. S. Dennis, Surveyor General Case of Peter Murtin THE HUDSON BAY COMPANY AND ITS RELATION TO THE RUSSIAN-AMERICAN TERRITORY Minutes of Evidence taken before the Select Committee on the Hudson Bay Company Feb. 26 und March 2, 1857 Copy of a Letter from the Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company to Lord Stanley June 8, 1842 Extract from the Royal Charter for incorporating the Hudson's Bay Company ... Feb. 17, 1874 June. 1877 l-AUIt 4» 52 52 52 53 55 55 5.'-) 55-50 56-61) 5'.) n'J-GO 00-61 01 62-03 63-(W} 6(^-71 71-73 73 73 73-74 74-70 70-77 77-80 80- «3 84 84 84-85 85-80 86-K7 87-88 8'J-91 91-94 94 97 98 98-99 99 99-100 101-103 101-102 102-103 103 104-106 105-106 Extract from tlie Journnl of the Hoynl (icoRrupliital Horioly Extract from l,«'ttcr of Mr. .luHlice Gray, of Vicl Kiirl of Carnarvon to tli<< Karl of DufTcrin AuR. 1«, 1877 I'AdK 1U5 10ft ' KM) APPKNDIX VI. OCCUPATION BY THE UNITED 8TATKH OF THE LISIEUE.. Tlu! Secretary of War to lli(« Secretary of Slate The Secretary of tlio TreaBury to tlie Secretory of State TJic Secretary of the Interior to tiic Secretary of State ComniiaHioncr W. T. Harris to tl>e Secretary of the Interior (Jenerul Agent Sheldon Jackfion to Secrettiry of State Kejiort on the Portland Canal ... ... Act of CongreHS uf March IS, 18il8, relating to Annette Inland ... ... 107 im Se|)t. 14, 18il8 107 Sept. l.'i, 1H1IS 107 Sept. 10, 18!W 107 l(t.s Se|>t. 15, 1898 10,«i Seia ir., IKDS 1 I 10.S-10!( 10!) 10!» YIKAVS OF TIIK UNITKI) STATKS' COMMISSIONKIIS ON TJIK ALASKA IWUNDAIIY, AS DKFINKI) M Till' TIIKATY OF IS25. (Commvnicated hi/ Gcncritl Fosirr In tho Mniihcis of llif Intrrndtiniuil Joint fliijli Coninnnnioii ansembled ill Quebec, Anijusl ]8J)H.) IN view 7> lutwcun ItuMnia anil (inat Hiitain. wliici: (Iclinn'ts tin' toiiitoiy in ((UCNtioii, w siilliuiiMitiy i xplicil in its tc rnm to dotiTininc with accuracy (lie sontlioin lii f luinndaiy, and that tlic eastern hue may hli(!wise ho (K'termineil and marked by tiie Joint liii;ii ConnniHsion. with the aid of (he recent snrvuys niudo by tht.' Joint Coniniission created liy tlio ('onventi I'nited States' Connnissionevs maintain that no other i onstrnction can lie given to the lQnii;ui»jj;e of the Treaty, they maintain, further, that the nej^otiations which led i.p to the Treaty, and all the sid)se(pient history relating to that territory, coiilirm the foregoing as the proper and only interpretation of that instrument. 'Ihe Ni'ijoiintlons, Tin) circumstance which initiated the n'jgotiations n Kulting in the Treaty of 1?<2.") was tlie lironudgution, 4th Scptendier. 1821, by the I'linperor of Russia of an Imperial Ukase, directing the exerci.-i' of jurisdiction, for the ]irotectioii of Russian trade and counnerco, over the Pacilii' Ocean lOll miles from the coasts of North America to the south as far as tlie l\\° of north latitude, and from the coast of Asia to tlie 1')° of latitude. On the l«th .lannarv. 1822 (Appendix 1, p. H|), th(! Rritish Secretary fur l''oreign Aflairs addressed a note to tlie Russian Aiiilia.ssadoi' in London, protesting against the Tkase as unwarranted in the extent of its claiiu to tin; exercise .if juris- diction on the high sea, and expressii;g douiit as to the correctness of its teiritori.d claim on the coast of North America. This step was followed liy an eH'ort on tie; part of tlu' I'ritish I'lcnijiotuutiary at the Congr<;ss of X'er.in.i, the |)uke of Wellington, ()ctob(;r and Novendier lH2:i (|). i;^), to Hccun; a retraction of both the claim to jurisdiction as to 101) miles from the coast of the I'acitic Ocean and of exclusive sovereignty of tlie coast to the .JF of latitude. The Russian Pleni|iotc'!itiai'v manifested a disposition to satisfy the ileinands of ttre;it Mritain as to the ocean jurisdiction, and indicated that the territorial claim would not be pushed further south than tin; 5.')° of latitude, that being the limit fixed in the charter of the Russian-American Company by the Tikase ;.f the Emperor I'aiil in 17'.'!) (p. l.j). It wa.s. however, .igrccd tluit the negntiations should be adjourned to London or St. I'etersburgh (p. lli). * Tlu; term " lisiere," as it occiii-s in Article IV and elscwiicn' in (lie Treaty of 182."i, was refeiTcd to in the oral armiiiieiit liefore the Fni-seal Ai-liiti-aliiiti ill I'aris. Tin; following peinarlis aw; taken I'roui the argument of Sir Uicliai'il \Vehst<'r (" l''iii--soal Arliitraliiiii Piiper.s," M)l. Ill, |i. I."itl) : — " Mr. .hinl'ice lliirldii. — What are the Kiigiisli words in Article VI eorrespendinf; to ' lisii'l'e ' ? ".Sic Uichinl W'fbHici: -I will read il : " Mail rraxa the line nf ilrmiimiliiiu Ujxni Ihc liuf i>/ I'lxi.sf . " The expression ' lino of coast ' is not th<. proper tninslation — it ou|;ht to bo ' strip of coast.' 'Strip' isihci corroot. translation of ' lisicic,' if I may lie permitted to say so, .Mr. President, ami no doulit if I am wroii^ yen will correct me. ' Lisiere ' is ' selvane ' — ' strip '—like the cdm' of iloth — ' border.' " \ All I afje roforenros are to il>o Apj;eiidicos aceompanviujc this paper, uiileas otherwise statcil, [-187] B Viiilir ilitf till- .'illi l<\l)ruiirv, lH:»;» fp. IN), i|ir ItiiliNli Sccn-tnry (i>r I'nnifjri AfTiiirM, Wr. (iciii'(;li to ()|ii'ii iicKntiatiiiiiH . lit, I'.'i). SirC. Hiipil wiin dinrti'il tn iinitf with tin- Aiii.rirnii MiniMtiT, Ml'. .Miiltllutiiii, ill tin- iic;;iitiatiniiN witli tlir ItiiKNiim ( Jnv irininiil (|i|i, 20, 21 ) ; liiit wlidi it wiw liilir iiKci-liiiiicil tliiit tlic riiitiil StatiM iiij^jil. nil ill. iHiif, ailvaiiii' M.iiiii' claim to the Iciritmy iiliov.' Ilif .'»! . .^ir ( '. Uiip.t \\i\H iiislnicli il l.\ .Mr. timiiu, ■ ( niihiii;;-. l.'iili .lainiaiy, 1«2I (|i. ill', !•» diNC'iiitiiiiui IiIn jiiiiit iii'^'iiiiatiniiH witii ilir ,\iiiiriraii .MiuiHtii. iihI tlniKi iiirwrnil tliu HiitiNh jK'golialinijH w<2l (p. ;i'.". The ItiixHiaii < invcnii'uciit, having la-actically a^ncd in \H-2J that tin jiiiiHilirlii'ii ovi i' the lii^li Nca i Iniiiicil in the ri of 1S21 Would lint lie ciil'mecd. the li'i'iitiiiial nni Htimi was ti> lie adiuhted with u view to eiuil)lin(^ the Hiihhian (itivcinniont to withdiaw llie I'kawe with ns little lims of piide an |iiiKnililo (|)I). 20, 7l!); and hence tin; nem>tiationN of I'eliniaiT and .\Iandi were cmilined to the <|iiiHtiiiii of the bdiindai'v to be lixed lietwcen the KiiHi^iaii and I'ritiKli poHHen!it of these, verliiilly n.ade, an Ntatod in Ium deKjiateh, waH "a line drawn tlinuinh Chntliani Strait to the h< ad of Lynn ('anal, tiieiice noith-wcHt to the 110 of lonnitiidf." Thin wan j)iacticall,v the line which had hen Hn^j^chtcii iiy Secretary ('aniiiiif:; (p. 20 , and in tlio informal < 'mifereiiccR diirin;,' the joint nc>;ntialimiH with tl.v I'liited Statew iiad hciMi iiidicatfd liy Sir (). Majifot (p. 2.5), except that the iiicHcnt piopc:[>■ cutH the Hiutliciu extremity of rrineo of Wales Island," tlie PlenipoteiitiuricH suj^ffcKted that the southcriiinoHt extreinitiiH lie lixed an the boundary of HuHeian territory, and. tlie,v add. "to complete the line of demarcation and render it as distinct as possible, the I'lciiipoti ntiaries of Kiissia have expressed the desire to make it follow i'ortland riiaiiuel up to the niountaiim which liorder the coast" (p. -11 ) This line of the sdiitlKrii boundaiy of Jdissia, so distinctly indicated, was never varied ironi, but coiwisteiitly maintained llii'ou|;'hout all the subticipient ne^'otialions by Itussia. After this Bpeeilic proposition, Sir (". Itagot inndilied his first proposal by oU'erin^i; to accept "b line traced from the west toward the east alouf;- the middle of the channel which separateH Prince of Wahs and Duke of York Islands from all the islands siliiati'd to tiio north of the said islnndH until it touches the muinland " (p. 42). In ojipositioii to this (second proposal), the HuFisian ricnipotentiaries submitted ii p:i|ier of Moine length sustaining the expeiiieney .'iiid , just ice ol their proposition to tix "as limits upon the coast of the continent, to ilie soulh, Portland Channel " (p. 13). Sir (.'. Hagot replied to tliiH paper in a .Memorandum of eipial length by way of a refutation of the Hussiaii oliservatioiiH, and eoneliided by submitting a third and final proposal, viz., "a line drawn from the southern oxtremity of the strait called ' J hike of Clarence Sound ' through the inidtlle of this strait to the middle of the strait which separates Prince of Wales and i)iike of York Islands from all tlio islands lying north of those islands, thence toward the east through thn middle of the same strait to the mainland" (p. 4j).* In submitting this proposid Sir (J. IJagot " gave it clearly to bo understood that it contained his ultimate proposition " (p. Hit). 'J'his (third) proposal was laid before the Kmiieror, and within Uu days the Iliissiaii Pleiiipo- tontiarics, under his orders, communicated " their tiiial decision, and that they must ((Mitinue to insist upon the demarcation as desciibed b,v them in the lirst jiapi-r ' (pp. 3;t, 47). 'J'heroupon Sir C". Biigot stated to the Unssian Plenipotentiaries "that I was sorry to wiy that I must now ij°. This is made ]ierfoctly clear by the note of Count Nesselrode of the 6th (17th) May, 1M24, the chief Uussian negotiator, to Count Lieven, Itussiau * It will ho iiotoil that this h siitiHtaiitiiilly the same lino as that indicated on the new mnp laid iM-fow tho Joint Higli C'umiiiisuiuii by tlie BritiHli CuuuiiiMMioncrti. Aiii1>ii»>Kitiliir ill I,ip|i(1iiii (ji. .')()', II ciiuy (if wliiili wiiK tlrliviro) lc> lln' nritiHli finvcvnini'i.f ')>, .'iZ). Atti'iitioii JH ciilli il t.i tl.,' r\Niii); liiii^'iia^c ill lliiit iiott-: ■* ltll^ in ciiiiiinl Htictcli liir I'ntii'ihhjoiiH fiirllM r. Slir will iniild- iin i>tli('i'H, iinil .oir in anlliini/.cil to i xjxi't Mdtiic ('(HiccwioiiN < ii tlic |inrt of KiikIok'I ' (!>• •''! >• S'lu.iiil Xi'iiolliilionii. '{'Ill' r\|ii'('tatiiiiiH III' ItiiNMia wrrr nut tn Itr lli^Pllppllillt<'ll, fill' in til)' niiiiitli I'olluwin^ Srcrctiiry ('nulling iiif'iniH'd ('Mint l.ii'vcn tlmt SirC. Unpit wonlil hr iiiMtiiirti'il "tn inlmit, w illi ccrtniii <|iiiilili>'iiti<>iiN, till' trriiiN IttHt |ini|in»«'il \>y the ItiiKHiiiii ( iiivcrninciil. " 'I'lic <|UiiliH<'iiti tilt' Huntli piiiiitM lit' I'l'iiK'c ul' Walrn IhIiiikI uitliin tlir HnHKiiin ironticiH, anil to tiikc iih tile liiii' of (liMiiari'iitinn a IIim' iliawii rrniii liio HniitlK'TiinioNt |Hiiiil ol' I'rincr ■>)' WiiIch l!4|iiiiil rnnii Hoiitli til iinitli tliroii^li I'lutliiiiil ('liiiiiiH'l. till it KfiikcM till' niainlainl in latitinlo /ill' " (p. Tifi). llciiri'l'orwaril tlir Kiilijcrt ul' till' Hoiitlii'i'ii liiiiiiiiliirv iliNaii|i«'iirM iVoin tiif iii';;;(itiati of laml to lii> ii''i'U|ili'il liy KuHxia «>ii tlic ciiiiHt, " nml. 2iiil. tlic i'i|>;lit of ri'Mnrtin>;' to tin' trrritory and wiitciM t'oni'i'dcd to ItiiHHJa ([i. .*iti). '{'Ill' Kccoiid iicgotiiition a|i|ii ars to Iimvc Iiciii ''onfint'd niiiiiilv to a iliH('ii>Nioii nf tliiH si coinl point. Sir ( '. Ilapit. in a);'aiii ri'|ioitiiin' tlir hiiHpriiNion i>;' ni „ •ioiiH (ji, lij), khvh: " 'I'ln'ru arn tlnce |iointH npoii wliicli tin' ditr'-riiiciM a|iii(iir to In- tiliiio't altii^!;i'tlii';'. iniriincilidilc." 'I'Ik' lirst two jmintH wi'ri> llic (i|icniii};' Im- rvi'r to tin' roiniiii'ii c of MriliNli HiilijictH of Niivii ArcliiiiiK'clHk (SitliiO and I lie const of the " lisicrc," iiinl. tliinl. i'Jvili'j;i' to visit I'm' a tci in of vcarH tlic nllicr parts uf Kiissian Aiiicrica. Sec also the Itiissia ' uiiiiiicrcial iiiteieoiirsc with ItH territory n i i a ,)f latitude .''lir or tiO (pp (12. (!'.•). Secretary ( 'iiniiinii'. Iiavinj; failed in this hocoiuI atteni|it to reach an agr'eineiit at St. I'ttersliiiru'li, inoposul to transfer the iic^otiatinns t(» T.I doll (p, T.'i); liiit in the interiiii .Mr. Stratford ('aniiin;.' returned fiinn his iiiisslnii nt \Vasliiii;ytiin. and he was sent as a i'lcnipiitentiary to St. I'ett rsburj^li, eiitniHted with the la.sk vliicli liis {ircdi cesHor had fiii'cd to nccoinpliNh, T/iiiit Xfijoliatmin. Till' iiistriietioiiH to Mr. S. Canniiif;. contained in .Secretary ( 'iiiiiiin;;'H dei«|iut('1i of the 8tli Drccnilier, IH^'l (p. 71), aiithoriz ■ him to iicceile to the iiiiMsian iir(i]iiiNitioii to .'idi.iit ISritisli cointiicrce 111 the port of Sitka niid the territorial waters of the ' lisicrc " fur a jicriod ul' ti n ycii'H. ill the toiiiis fixcii in the Itiissian-.Anicrican Treaty (p. 7(1) which h;id already lucii inncliidcd. Tliis left (inly the eastern liouiiilaiv of the ••lisii'ie" to lie delinitely lixi'd. Tlic instrnctiuii to Mr. S. ( 'anniiif;- on this point was to lix the line at ''the sninniit ot the inoiintains whii h run parallel to the cnast." with the cnndition that the line shniild in't extend lieyoiid 10 |eaj;iics from tli(> coast (J), 7(1). 'i'he Hiissiaii I'leniiioteiitiniies desired, first, to make the '-lisisre" 10 IcagiicH wide lliroiifj;li(iiit tin; whole exti nt, ai d iiiially. to make the Hiiiiiiiiil uf the iiioin tains t'le invarialilo line without any restriction as to width; Init they Iiiially yicldi d to the Mrilish pru])ositi(iii (pp. H-t. Hll). With this last point adjusted, the nci^otiatioiis which had extended thruiigh three years were hrouf^ht to !i clusc bv the sif^natiiic uf the Titatv of tin; liitli (2xth) I'lbriiarv, l><-2't. ' The forcf^oing review, divided in three stages, (IlvcIojiciI tlires iiuints of ditrcrciice, \i/.., (1) the suiithcrn biminlary: fj) the conrse and limit of ll iisii'rc"; and (H) the iicrii.d and extent of use of tlic disputed territo'.'y by Hritish siilijccts. 'I'lie lirst two are the only ones which have given risf! to discimsion on the .Joint lliijh (JoniuiiBfiion. The I'orl/iiud Channel. Tlio .Ainorioan C'oiiiniissioners hold, as slated, that under the torins of the Treaty of 1><2.5 the southern boundary must be drawn from the HontlicrninoHt iioint of Prince of Wales Island along the line uf .'it'' 40' to the mouth of tlii' rortliind ('liannel, and thence along that channel ami niainlaiid to the .')()° latitude. 1. \o other line can be drawn unless it ran be shown tliat Bome other channel wau known nt the time of the negotiations as I'ortlmul Chaiincl. 2. No other such boily of water was ever described by navigators or existed on any map. The Portland Channel as it now appears mi the iliitish .Vdmiralty charts and I'liited Statew' odicial maps was named, hurveyed, »iid cli'irtcd about 1794 by Vfinconvcr, and all niajiH of the region (as far as known) up to the negotiation of the Treaty of 182.'> followed his designation iind location. 3. The negotitttors of the Tnwty on both sides were fully conversant with the geogra ihical liieati(^iis on the coast; idthough ruspecting the interior of tUu mainland accurate geographieaL I "kiiowluilp- dill not tlicn exist.* 'Hie iliii-uiiiciitH ri.'liitiuf!; to tlio iiogotiatioMH show tlii'v wt'ie in iiitiiimti' rcliitiiiii witli tlic {'oiiiimiiioM coiiipctin^- lur tlio control and tnidc of tli(! n'};ioii in disputo — tlu' HuBsiaii-Auiciiciin ('oni|tany on tlic one nidi", and tlu' lludhoii Jiay and Xoi-tli-west Coin|ianifH on tlic otlior (pp. !•, 11, IJ. ;>(!, ;I4, >VJ); andtlicy liail in tlieii' poHscssioii, and considttnl, the best and latest niafiH oi tlio n ^ion (|ip. 2li, 2'>, 111, 47, tiil). 4. The iiep)tiatorM weri ilelv inlornied as to tlio location of Portland ('haniK'l. Hai'oii Tuyll, in al)sevvatorv Iiilel (a liraiicli of I'orthind ("haiinel), which arc situited aiiii'ihl nnder that paralh l"' (.'i.!") (p. 17). Sir ( '. iSa^ot, 111 i-h enliif^- to tile proposilimi ot tjir liiissian I'lenipotenh \ii .aid of it .\ 1 nil -f il einari'atioii ilrawn from the southern extremity of I'lincc df W.ih s Isla.id to the mouth of Portland (.'liannol, tiieiice up the middle of this clianml until it toucln's tliu mainland, tlenie to tii.- mount liim bordering;' the co.ist would di'iirive Her Mritannie Majesty of soverei;!;iity .... over all tlio inletH and small liays lyin;.; hetweiMi latitndis ."ilT and .")!" 4.">'" (p. {',)). Count Xes.scdrodo, in reportin};^ to Coiiiit Lirveii the (list ne^'otiations with Sir C. |{ajj;ot. wrote: '■ In order not to cut Prince of Wales Island, which, aecordinj;' to this airaiij;'.'iii.'nt, wtiiild reiiriin to Hiissia, we proposed to c.irry the southern fmutii'r of our doiiriiiis to l.ititudi' .'i 1° 4: Island to the month Clarence Strait. Sir (!. Hapit. as al.-eady iiotiicd, proposi'd to run the divisory lim; "from tl southerii e.itreuiity of the strait calleil 'Duke of Clarence Sound' tliroui;li the middh^ of this Btriiit" to the coast of the mainland at tin.- latitude of ."((i" nurlli (p. 4ii). In writing- to Secretary C'aiiiiiii;.;' he stated that his olijei't in mnkiiij;' this pinposilion was •■ to |)reserve uninteniiiiti'd our ce.ss to (he Pacilic Ocean, and secuie to His .Miijrstv tlif .ilith deo-reu of north latit udc; as the IJritish lioundaiy on the coast" (\>. 41). His Iniii I th i.f CI: irelici Strait 1) th ill' tl ited in p:ira;;Ma])h 4 shows that h ii[) till' I'ortlaiid Chamii I, as proposed y till' liu.ssian Pleiiipoti'iitiaries. would deprive < ireat liiitaiii of soverii<;nty over lie; mainland 111 ill tl le inlets and sni! IVs Ivili"' l)et\ l.ititiides .")i)'' and 'ti' 40' Tl le quotation already made from Count Ni sselrode shows that his pro|>ositioii was t') mako tlc' southern boundary ••ahiit upon tin' continent at th' Portland ('anal, of wliicii the opeiiini!; into the ocean is at the sarnie latitude as Prince of Wales Island." IK' jn'oceeils : •• After tioiu.' disi'iissioii the last couiiter-jiropositioiis of Sir Charles P>.ii;'ot were to include all of Prince of Wales Island within tlu» lid I'oilow the .Vi'^ north iiiilarv line, oil leavin Hussian it rritoiy, hut to stipulate that oiir lioi pass called iMike of ( 'lareiiee Sound, and should not strike tin us islaii ilaiid. last until ahuvi ititiidi Tiiis dilfer. IS, lievel tll<4 if ref;arded on llie map. Would appc.'ir insiiiiiiliiaiit at the liist i;l,iiice. It ess. so isseli tial tl that it lilisolutej-^ demarcation traced hy the Pleiiipoteiiliary of lli.s Ilritaniiii- .Majesty " (p. ,")I). for us to accept the ji .f As has been shown, the pro)iesition of liii.ssia makiiiL;' tiie Portland < 'haiinel the lioundary wa« formally ap,re'.'d to hy (ireat P>ritiiii, and tile sulisequent correspinuleiice and icj^oliiitions it 1 taken for >;'raiiti'd as the soutiiein boundary. (See the four Projets of Tre:ity Bubniitted later (pi>. ."Ml, tit. 7!>, S2): Sir C. Ba^ot, p. \\2 ; and Count Xessehod'.', p. 71). (i. .VII the Knplish and Hu.ssiaii maps issued immediately and continuously for many year.s after the Treaty was ueji'otialed indicate the Portland Cliannel. or ('anal, as the southi'ni Imiindaiy of the liu.'-sian jiossessions on the mainland. Kefercnce to lusruiifter. i.f tl les } wil midu 77/c '• fAsih'c.'' Next to the fix.'ition of the southein boundary, which marked in that ilircctiun the Itn.'^sjan pi>.s.si'ssioiis on the eontiiielit, tiie subject which created the most discussion witii the nef.;oti.'itoi's was the extent towards the east wiiich this territory sliould have. It is apparent iroiu the doiii- iiicutM thiit two conllielini^' iiiteii'sts had to be met and reconciled: first, the Knssian-.Viiieiicaii ('onipiny, which by Imiari'l ('barter li;id been fi'raiited powers both of i;'ovi'riimeiit and exeliisive trade in Itnssiaii Annriea, bad at the time of the iiee'otiations in'cnpied the islands alon.i the North ,\iiiei'ican conlinent as far as about l.ilitiide lu"^, and had established a trade in hunting' and Ii8hin;j; seMi'.il deerees liiithii' smith (pp. f I, ."ifl) ; on the other hand, the Iliidso.i Pay and the North-west Com[i lilies ^Ih'itisli) hid cstiblished p ists in the inteiior id' the eiintineiit east. of the liocky .Moiii'tains and aloiiu; tin- Mackenzie Piver, and were pushiiii;' tiieir trad" t iward.s the Pacific ( )ceaii ; but from the statement of the Hudson Hay Coni[)aiiy to Secretary Canniiif;', dated tin.' 2.">th September, 1H22, it appi'ars tiiat tlit« nearest post of that Company to the Pacilio Ocean north of latitude ."i 1" was on Fraser Lake, at least li'O miles cast of the nearest tide-water. 'i'iie Pcpresi'iitativi s of the respeetivi' (ioverniiieiits were tliroughout the nei^'otiatioiis ♦ Tlio fiillowinfC liiillies '>f li'i':ili<'lin, pl^ici's, iir liurts ef llie leiriliiry in ilispiile ;ii'e meiiliipiied in (lie piipers reI:ilinK to llie ne;;i)tia(ioiis : Miiiint .St. Kliiis, ('n)ss Siiiim:, T.vnii ('liiniiiel (er Minlniiii'), Cliadiiim Slr.iil, Niirfiill; .SeiiMiI, Nei'folli Isl;inil, CodIi'h Inlel, Ailinii':illy Isl.iml, Niivo ArcliuiiKisli iiiiil Sllka, Kiiif{ (Je()i'(;o'.i Ai'clii|iel:i(j;i>, KiiiiC (leni'ftc's Ishuiil, Hti'plieii's I'iissafre, l)ii;;i' of Vnik iMJaiid, Duke ntli im jxiks; ihh mr ^•hieh I'lihonrliood of the Knj^'lish cstalilish- ts coiild not fail to !»■ niimieiis tu that rl " Silka'(i>. 17). Uhen the iieKotiatienH wc ro ihout t(i he intend iiiKin, .M". l'nleti<'a ei.niniuiiicated and ajuu'oved tlie viewH of tlic linsHJan men Amencan est a of til ( 'iimiianv, wlmh, in tixin i^ th.. 1 inll)ii'.;inr>; o II the continent, ad 11 liv 111 view tiio hlislniK nt of ahjoricr. at A\liicli wmild he stii]i]iid, eiice lor all. to the iinitli and to (lie west lanv, the ciicrna<'liiiicntK ef tlic Kiij^hsh agents of tlio st allntted ti (inr Atiierican < ' , iiiiated lliidaon Hay and Neilh-wi st Kn};lish ( 'onipany (|). ."it)) At the same time the Jlndsdii liay ( 'dniiiany was iircssin;;' iijimi itH ( luvcrnnii nt its c laii to open aecesH to tl \c iie"an. as is seen liv rcicrcnci aliovc ci tod. a claim wliiidi tlw litter h to the coniniiinieation to Secretary Canning; ;ht to tlie atteinion of tlii' l^nke of Wcllinii'ton, in view -ftl le ne.ii'otiiitlollK to I 10 open attained hv the nci:;(iti.'itioiis he was ciirrxiii led at Vei'on.'i h ( '. l?a;4'ot. in eminiirating the cliief ohjects lo ho lates "fhex' were to secure the on, specially enilionciiiirt And land ell pn ■s of siii'h rivers as iiiii;'ht atfoi'd an outlet for onr Inr trade into tlie Pacific" (p.Hl). itiiie' the line of Clarence Strait in snUtitiiticn of the liiissian line aloii.i;' lie' I'm t- ■I h(^ stairs liis ohject was to ■serve iinintcrriiii ted onr access to the r.'icilic ( li Would de hetweeii latl- (p. .|(i). And in further explanation he s.iys the line of tiie I'ortland Channel ilis I'.ritannic Majesty of sovereignty over all the inlets and small hays lyi tinh s i'lll' and ') 1'^ I'l' of es,sential importance to its (Hudson Jiay's) commerce" (p. -111). The RiiR,siaii rienipotentiaries. in answer to these reasons, stated in en'ect that tie ohjcet of proiiosin^ the line indicated hy them was to r' serve the coast of the m.iinland for the ojieiations »)f their own Conipaiiy. and "to exclude its competitors (p. ti). The situation was desiiihed liy (jouiit Nessi;Irod(> to Count Lieveii in tin; followiiif? terse and frank laiiii'ilap' : •■Thus, w wish to keeji. and the l'jij:;lisli t 'om])anies wish to olitain " (\). ")1}. In lurther exiilanation he said : — •• If Prince ot Wales Island remains to us. it is nccessaiy that it can he of some nlilily to uh. Now, aecordin;;' to till' plan of the Ihitish .\mliassadi.r. it would In. for us only a huiileii, and, perhaps, an iiK'onvenicnf one. That island, in fact, and the estahiisiinunts wiiii'h wc iiii};ht set ii[i thereon. Avould find themselves entirely isolated, deinivt d of all support, sinririnded hy the domains of (ircat Ih'itain, and at the ihercy of the h'-nu'lish estahlishiiieiils of the coi-st. Wo Would exhaust ourselves in the cost of ^'uardiii.t;' and walehin.n' nnr p.-irt. without any I'ompeiisa- tioii to all'viale the hurdeii." And in this cunncction hi' madi' llii.' ])i sitive di i-laratiin already .pioted : •■ Hussi;! cannot Btlctch her concessions lurther. She will make no others" ([>. .")!). It thus appc'irs th;it the h'iissi;in (ioveriiment w.'is determined tli.it a strip if teiiilory HJioiild he secured Oil the coast tor the purpose of protcctiiifi' tin' trade ol the Itnssian- Americiin ('oiiipany and of cxeludin;^' its ciim])etitois, and it has lieeii shown that, so fir .•i.'* the coast from ."> I ' 10' to .")(>' is concerned, this was conceded liy (iieat liiil.iiu. ll has also been seen that the eastern houndary was lixed as preserihed in the Trcily. alter an iiielieetn.'il attemiU on the part of IJussia to make the summit of the mountains the nnvaryinu' line.* This line is lo ••I'ollnw the simimil of the mountains situated parallel to tii ast " (Article III): hut when more than 10 leai;'iie.s I'niin the coast. liie Iviumdary ''shall he formed ly a, line parallel to the \viniiiiii;s ( Mn^lish Forei.en Oliico translation far • sinuositi's ") of the coast (Article I\'). Till' mips :,i that pi'ii'd indie itc a continuous line or chain of mount.'iins loUuwiii^" the coast around Lynn (.'anal and up to Mnunt St. I'.lias ; and the docimients lelatinn' to the iiee-n- tintioiis show that it was the heliei' nf the Pli'iii|ioteiili.'nies that such a cliaiii of innunlains existed, and that it would lie t'l'iiiid aliouf in h.a^nis iVi m the cnasl. Si'cn larv ('.innin.u' llms iie.~riil,is thislim:-- " Tile . iimuiit I'l' the mountains whii'h rim parallel to the cnast, ;ind which a[ipi.'ii', uecoidini;' lo the map. to folhiw all its sinuosities ' (p. 7."»). .\nd tl e Word " sinuositii's " is the term used hy him els 'wheic in ileseriliini^- the c.iiiise nf the nuuint.iins i.iouiid the inlets of the coast" (p. ")ti). Il is jilain that the lluHsian liej!,oti,itors understooil that .\rliile-' 111 and I \' gave t > liilKsia a "on'inui-tus strip of teiiilory ("lisiere') around .'ill the iiiys and inlets of Ihe ocean up to hm;A'it"'h' 141°. This is cunliiineil hy .\rlirles \'l ,iii Sir ('. lii;iiit. said il woiilil lie o>,|icilieiil Oi assiKii "a limit, sa.v, ef ."id or l()t» miles from the I'liuat beyimd uhieli. Uii' IJnssiaii I cuts shdiiKI net \w oxteiak-cl to the oaftward " (|>. 'il). [4871 C e lit tlic c'Xiiiiatiiin of timt term iiotico wuh pvcii to llif (idvorniiiciit of tlio Unili-d Slatos \>y tlie lUisKiiiii MiuiKttr in \Viisliiii;;t'iii tliat (lie jdivilcp' liad expired (j). iW), mid a iiotidcatioii til that, effect wan iiia the houndary line ot the liussian territory in .\iiieriea begins at the soiithernniost i-xtre-iuity of I'riiii.-o of Wales Island, jiroceedR thence to the month of Portland ( 'haiinel, up that ( 'liamiel ;ind the mainland to .')ii- of latitude, und Iheiicc at a distance of ahoiit ten leaj;iiis from the conKt, followin;^' its sinut'sities. around Lynn Canal to Mount St. Mlias. The original of this map will he |prodiieed to the .Inint High (Ajminissiuii. 'J'/ie Ilitihon Ihiii < '(DiijMiiii/, On the British side there is eipially strong ofliiMal autlioii!y of a similar ehar.ieler to support tho contentioii of the American ( 'ninniissioners. It has been shown that the liritish negotiators of the Treaty of 1H25 were influenced almost I'litirely in their ni'gotiations ]7, ."W) ; and when negotiations wire broken off they were not resumed till this Company was heard from and its vii^ws were again adopted and prissed(p. i')'2;. In 18.17 an investigation was had of tiie all'airs of the llndso:. J >ay (Company by a Si>lect Committee of th" ISritish House of ( 'oninions, and a lengthy [irliited n|iorl of its jaoceediiigs was puiiiisjied. From that lle|)ort it a)i(ieais that ai the time tA' ihe negotiation of the Tr"aty of 18_>.'), and for many years thereafter, this Coniliany possessed all the [lowers of govenimeut. in Ihitish territory in tiie vast exieiit of tho north-western ]iart ol Aiiierica, both executive and judicial, and was in fact tin; only British authority in that region (see Ueport. Appendix l\', pp. 101, 102. 1(>3)' 1 1'e Governor of the Coniiiany and of the territory. Sir (ieia-gc Simpson, was examine'' before the Select Committee, and testilieil fliat he had been tiovernor for thirty- seven years and hence held tjiat position at the time of the negotiations. He says he was familiar with the disputed territory on the north-west coast, having travelk'd over it in the course of lii.s duties as (lovernor (p. 101): and he stated that about the year ls;ili his Coniiiany made an arrangcnicnt with the Bussiaii-Ameriean Company by Aviiich the former leased tho "lisiere" descrilied in the negotiations and Treatv. On this point his testimony is as folloWH i(liriillicH nidsc Ijotwcfii iih in rcji'iinl fo fljo fmdo ol'llu' ((iiiiitry, ;iii(l tu iciiiiivi,- nil tliosi' difiicultuM we iij;ri't'il to ji'nv liiciii iin iiiiiniiil allowance: I lliiiik. ill the liiKt iiiKtMiicc. :J,(M)) otter hIuiih. and attirwards of l,.')(l>i/. a-ytar. •• \'i'MK Diiiiiif^' till- lair war wliiili existed Ipctwioii Kiissia and l''.ii;;'laiid. I luliuvo iiiat soiiif ai'iMiii;fiii'n( was niadi' lirtwi'iii you and tlu' KiiHNianN liy wliii'li you af^ii'od not to niidt-Kt ono anotlii'i' .' — Yes, bucIi an airanj;cniL'ht wan niado. '• M'My My till' two Co ii|)aiiios? — Yts, and (ioviTiiiiii'iit i'onfiniieh ( 'oiiiniission. it deserihi s the lnaindary in exact eonforniity with the <'oiiteiitioii of tlip United States' ("oniniissioiiers. It is ineredihle that a I'ritish authority would at that jieriod formally reeoi;nize the ri^ht of Itussia 1o this t -rritory, or that Sir (i. Simpson would so aecuratelv deserilie it. it aiiv ijUesfinn had existed at that dav as to the inianiii^;' of the 'I'rejity .if 1825. Clillli'iiilll Jil'C'iilKilinll. It will he shown that all the ojlieiiil ('aiiadiin maps for many years after the 'I'reaty delimit the '• lisiere ' in a'cordaiiee with the Ameriean view. In the Sessional I'apers pnhlished hy the Canadian (lovernnient will he found various doeiinieiits nnd aets (endin;;' to show thai the territory in ipiestiou lielonj^^ed to the United States; for instance, in 1)^71 the Siirveyor-( ieiii rnl dl' the |)oininioi), in a comiiiunieati ai to the Minister of the Interior, indicated thai I'ortlaiKl Canal was on the liuimdary line, and that this line was carried up and around I.\;iii Canal (p. Itll): a stateincnt of the |{oy,d (ieoe-rajihiral Society is inserted in the Sess'onal I'a|iers ofns'inilar jmrport (j. 10.")) ; a jinlicial ollicer of British Columhia leedes that tn. teiritoriul lino crosses the Stikine Kiver at least l.'i miles almve its nioutli (p. in")) : and the celclnated case Ci-)iji(i/l'ili hi/ l/ii' I'ltlti'l f^ldli:". "Enliehteiied slatcsiiieii and jurists have lon^- held as insiiiiiilicant all titles of territory that are not foiinde,! on actual occujiation, and that title is. in tlio o]iiiiior. of the most esteemed writers on puMie law. to he cstahji.'^hed only hy practical u-^e."— Secntarv (/aiiniii'i- to the Dnko piineiple of international law was hased upon the opiiiiou of Lord Stowell (British Case; Fur-seid Tapers. Vid. IV, )>. ;)7l')i. and wis constantly insisted upon hy till. British ne,i>'otiators in framin-- the Treaty of lS-_',"). 'j"hc territory in ipiesti'"ai has heeii in the ooutiiiued occupation of Ifussia and theVnited States fron. the'date of the Tre.ity up to tile ]iveRent time— a period of seveiity-threc years. If we follow the principle insisted upon hv (ireat Britain in its pending;- arhitra'tioii -vvitli Venezuela autl rei-oj-ni/.i'd in the Treaty which provides for that arhitrati this uninterru])ted possession would Rive the Tnited States a just olaiin of sovereignty, even aside from the Treaty. Some of the aets evideneing the occupation and exercise of sovereignty on the jiart of liussia have already heeii cited. Those on the part, of the I'liited States are niimer.'Us an. I most, eonclimive. Up'm the execution of tic Treaty of Cession of 1S()7. rnitod States' troojis were dispatched to iccupy the territory, and stations were efitahlished at various points, one of which was nt Tongas, hetween latitudi's .'il iD' and .').'»", just^iiiirth of the Portland Channel. No map was attached to or accompanied the Treaty of I 'S()7, hut iinnicdiately after the signature of the Treatv an ollicial map was prepared under'tlie direction of the Secretary ..f'St-* f the rnited States, imlicitiiig the territory ceded liy Kussia liy that Treaty, which • ,.r< i)cen laid liofore the .loint High Comniis.sion ; ai'id il has heen seen that it conforms to me views of the United States' Commissioners resjiecting the boundary. Other acts of oecupation and sovereignty on the part of the ( ioveriinieiit of the United Stites are cited in Appendix Vi, such as the es'talilishincnl of Customs offices in the ••lisieie," a:;d the enforcement by revenue vessels of the revenue and other laws of the United States both or the mainland and on the Avaters of the inlets ami arms of the sea as ftr as the head of navigation (p. 1(»7 : the establishm, nt of (iovernnient and other schools and the control of the natives in the "lisiere" (p. ll)7); the cruising ,,1" naval vessels in the interior waters just described to enforce order among the native Imliaii tribes (p. lO.S); the establishment o'f post-ollii-cs and piLst-roads in the territory in ipiestion (p. l()!l); and the setting apart by .\ct of Congress of <'ertain por( s of this territory for special uses, as in the case of Annette iiland (p. Kl'.t). It may ,»e safely asserted that in no ]iart of the territory ihiimed by the United States' Commissioners under the Treaty of US2.") litis tliere been aiiv occui>ation or exercise of siivereigiity -on the part of the authorities of (ireat I'.ritain or the Dominion ot Canada. APPENDIX I. COUnrSrONDENCE RKLATiXa TO 'I'llK NKCOTFATION Or THE ANfiLO- Ul'SsIAN THEATY OF I'EIillUAUY l(i (L'8), 18i>.-,. (Xotf. — 'J'lio following ilccunu'iitK iii-f taktii (1) lr(.m llie JJiilish Case. Itcriiif^' Sea Arbitraiimi, Appendix Vol. II (see Fiiv-soal Ailiitratioii Pajiers, \(il. IV. pp. .■)7assv in St. i'eteisliin\:;li.) No. 1. 7 /((I Miii'(jnU of /,(iii(loiiili'rri/ to Count Ueci'ii. THE Undorsift'md i;aK tlie lionoMr lien HaldM d ■ Niei)lai ot tiio l^tli Neveniber last, Majesty tJie iMnpcror of all the Kussias Fonii/n Oj/ir'\ Jcnpnni ]S, 1S22. to aekiKiwlcdii'e the neti', addressed to liiiu 1 ■ vovinjx a eojiy of an Ul. liase issue( I li_v His Inipeiial heaving date the 4th Sei)tenil)er, ]8:il, fur v puii ses, therein .set forth, espeiiallv ceiineeted wi>h the territorial riehts of his (V rown on tl lo ortii-westorii coast of Anieriea. bordering npon iho I'aeilic, and the eonniierci' and navigation of His Imperial Majesty's nnhjeets in the seas adjacent tiioreti 'I'liis docinnent, containing regnlaliims ot great extent aiid ini|iiirtaiie( holli ni Its tenit.iria ami niantnne iiearr.igs, has I leen eonslderec I with tlie ntnust attention, and with tl I'avoiu'ahle Kontiments which His Ma jesty's ( iovernment always luav toward the acts of a State wiiieh His JIajesty has tlie stitisfaitinn to feel liimsc'li' connected. I)y the most intimate ties of IViendshi[> and nllii anil liavmg been ri elVrred fer liie icimrt of these hi''h leii-al anthorities wlioso dut\- it to iidvis.,' His Maicstv on sncli matteis. The rndersigned is directed, till t iieh friendly explanations can take place hetwcoii the two (lovernnients as may ohviato niisnnderstanding up u so delicate and important a point, to make huch provisional protest against the eaiK'tments of tho said I'kase as may fully serve to s.ave the d may protect tho persons and jirojierties of His Majesty's its if His .Maiistv's ( rown, aii dijei ts from molestation in the e.Nereise of their iawinl eallini^s m that (iiiarter of tl looe. The Undersigned d IS ciinnnani led to acquaint Ciauit Lievry imperfectly imcupied teuitories, con •>y Ital by the acknowledged 1 Id. if nat be extluded fi mi navigating wi thill tho distance of ]()l> ian mill's as thirem down in nil the coast, the exclusive dominion of which is assuiin .1 (hut, as His r.iaji'sty's ( iii\ crmnent conceive, in irror)to belong to His lm])eiial .Majesty tho Eimior ir ot all the Uiissiiis. (Sigiiei LOXDONHEKHY. KI'SSIAN (Nn Sir, No. 2. The Marq^uia of Lvudomlvrri/ to Sir C. Uaijot, /'oreli/ii Office, Jaiiuafii !'.•, 1H22. Wri'll refcrcnco to your Kxcellcncy's soveral clt'Ri)iitcluH rulutive to tlie I'kiiHo liitoly iKsinMl by tlif Kmiicror of Uut^siu under date the 4tli Se])t('iiili( r last, fur various pnrptiseH thtreiii net fortli, especially connected with the territorial rights of his Crown on the nortli-western (.-oast of America, bordering upon the Pacific, and the eoninieree and navigation of His Imperial Majesty 'h Hubjects in tho seas adjacent thereto, I have now the honour to inclose you a copy of a note Avhleh. by His Majesty's I'ommaiul, I have addressed to tiie Coiuit de Lieven, the itussiaii Ambassador in London,* upon tliia subject; I am to desire that in any eonuniinientions which you may have with the Russian (rovernnient relative to this IJUase you will conform \ oursetf to the tenor of tho note Jierewith sent. I am, &c. (Signed) LONDONDERRY. No. 3. Mi\ Stratford Canuxug to the Marquis of Londonderni. — (Received March 2L) (No. H.) My Ijord, Washiiu/foii, Fehrnary lit, 1822. I WAS informed this morning by Mr. Adams that the Russian Knvoy has, within the last few days, eonuiiunicatcd officially to the American (rovernment nn Ukase of the Emperor of Rusasi, which has lately appeared in tho public prints, appropriating^ to the sovereignty and exclusive u.se of His Imperial Majesty the north-west coast of America down to the fifty-first parallel of latitude, together with a considerable portion of the opposite coasts of Asia and the neighbouring seas to the extent of 100 Italian miles from any part of the coasts and intervening islands so appropriated. In apprising me of this circumstance, Mr. Adams gave me to understand that it ■was not tho intention of the American Cabinet to admit the claim tlius notitiud on the part of Russia. His objection appears to lie more particidarly against the e.Kclusion of foreign vessels to 80 great a distance from the shore. The note given in hy M. de Poletiea is confined, I believe, to a mere communication of tho Enifieror's Ukase, and of the pcrio'ls at which it will begin to have force, viz., from the 1st March witii respect to European vessels, and from the 1st July for vessels from this country. Jlr. Adams intpiired whether I had heard from your Lordship on this head, and, on the Buppositiou that a (;imilar eommunieation had in all probability been made by the Russian Ambassador in London, appeared desirous of learning tin; course which His Majesty's (Government intended to adopt with reference to it. I could only reply by saying that I had not yet received any intimation from your Lordship on the subject. I liave, &c. (Signed) STI{ATFORD CANNING. No. 4. Hudson Buy Comjniiny to the Marquis of Loiidoiiderri/. — {Recei red March .) My Lord, IIihIkoh Bay House, London, Murcit 27, 1822. IT has fallen under the ob.servation of the Governor and Committee of the Hudson Bay Company that the Russian Government have made a claim to the north-west coast of America, from Herings Straits to the ,51.st degree of north latitude; and in lui Imperial Ukase have prohibited foreign vessels from approaching the coast within IdO miles under penalty of confis- cation. Likewise that the American (Jovernment are claiming a very consiileiabfo extent of country bordering on the Pacific Ocean ; and that a Rill is in progress iu'tlie House of Represen- tatives for settling the Cobunbia and forming it into a State of the Union. In the report presented to the House on which this Hill is founded the Committee state that the title of the United States to the .sovereignty of the territory from the -ILst degree to the completion of the 5.3r(l degree of iiorth latitude is unquestionable; but that, in the opinion of the (Jonnnittee, tho American (Jovernment have a good claim as far as t)(i° north latitude. I need not remind your Lordship that a large portion of that country was discovered bv British navigators and taken pos.se.ssion of on behalf of Great Britain ; nor of tho afl'air of Nootka Sound, in 1781), in coimecpience of aggres.sions committed upon Briti.sh subjects on that coast; but it niay be neces.sary to state to your Lordship that the Americans had no trade with the natives until long after the Brifisii estublishments had been formed in the country to tho westward of the liocky Mountains. In tho year 1792 Sir Alexander Jlelvenzie, then a partner in tlu; late North-west Company, explored from the interior the country west of the Rocky Jiountaius, aud was the first who [187] D I ' '""* 10 jionctrntcd to the Piuific Ocean. In tlio pioccdiiig yonr Ciijitiiiii Vuncouvcr Iiiul smvfji'il the (Juluinbiii l!iver from tlio iiioiitli to tlio falls, 2C0 milts fnnii tlio sea. For nliove twenty yearH tliu liritisli fiir traders iiavc IuhI Sottloments, and tlie ('<)ni|iany liavo ail CKtaMisliment of 2U0 men on the (\ilnmhiii IJiver ut this period, and Inrj^e and valunblc CHtubliKlinients to tliu northward. It was not till the year 1><06 that the Amerieans explored this country, when an expedition was fitted out under Cai)tains Lewis nnd Clarke, who proceeded to the head of the Mifsissourie, theiiee across the JicK-Uy Mountains to the l{ive;- Cohnnbia, and down it to the inoutii, and returned by the same route. Soon after the return of these gvntlemen, an .Vnua'iean chartered Company was established, under the name of the I'acilic; Fur Company, who began their operations in IHIO. Ships were sent and a fort built at the mouth of the Coliunbia. This fort was given up to the lati' North-west Company in tiie Anuriean war, when they bought of the Pacific Fur Company tlieir wlu'le stock-in-trade, and the country was abandone(l by the Amerieans, and they luive not since had any traders in the Cohnnbia or to (he northward. The fort, after the Treaty of Ghent, was demanded by tlie American < Joverinnent as included, with other fortified places, in that Treaty, alth(uigh it ie nu)re propeviy only a trading station, and it hns been delivered up. liut remains uno(;(.'Upied. Hy a Convention in October IHls, subseijueut to the Treaty, it was agreed by the Ciintracting' Parties that the country in question, for the purposes of trade, was to be free to the snl>jects of both nations for ten yeni-s. The fur trade of (Jreat Uritain, by an Act of last pcf^sion and grant from His Majesty, is verted in the Hudson Hay (Company ; I cannot, therefore, refrain from cidlingyour Lordshii)'s attention to this matter as of considerable importance at the present n)oment, ana not unlikely to lead to very impleasant occurrences at some future period if no notice is taken of these proceedings of the Russian and American (iovernments, the effect of which would be to exclude British Subjects from the north-west co;ist of America and a valualile trade in the interior. I have, &c. (Signed) .1. H. PELLY, Dcpnti/ (jorcmor. No. 5. Earl liaUmrst to tlw JJiih of WelUngton. 3Iy Lord, Dowiiiii(f Street, September 14, 1822. 1 HAVE the honour to transmit, for your Grace's guidance in the execution of the commis- sion with which His ilajesty has been pleased to intrust you in consequence of tlw lamented randum which was originally drawn up by his L irdship, and, having been approved' by His Jhijesty"s confidential servant, was submitted to His ihijesty's Government and received His Majesty's sanction. 1 am, &c. (Signed) 15ATHUUST. (Inclosurc in No. 11.) Memorandum. THE subject-matter upon which the allied Ministers will have to delibeiate at the approaching meeting; at Viemia may bo classed under the following heads: — 1. The 'J'urkish (juestiou, internal and external. 2. The Spanish (juestion, European and American, a. The affairs of Italv. As British points, the Slave Trade, the Austrian Debt, and thclatc Russian Ukase will demand attention. « • • • ♦ • I'pon the Russiati Ukase the objections to its enactment, in principle, are set forth in tha note addressed to Count Lievcn in reply to his connnunication of the I'kusi; to the British (Jovcrmneut. The duty of the British Plenipotentiary will be to bring the Htissian Cabinet to some distinct explanation as to the mode in -which the differences of opinion on this Instrununt may be reconciled. No. 0. Memorandum hy the Duke of Wellingtvn. September WA^'i^. IN the course of a conversation which I had yesterday with Coimt Licven, he informed mo that he had been directed to give verbal explanations of the Ukase respecting the north-west coast of A.merica. These cxplaiuitions went, he said, to this: Tluit the Emperor did not propose to CiiiT.v into execution tlid ricMKO in its exteiidod sciiso . timt U\» liniieiiiil JfaJesty'G sliips luul lioeii (lirectcfl to eniiHo at tiid nlioitest ixmsitilc diHtaiUH- from tlie kIioid in onler to supply tho nativi'H willi aniiK and aiiimiiiiitioii in.d in ordt r t > warn all ve.s.ds fliat that was His lrni>erinl Majesty's dominion ; and that His In-.iieiial .MaieHty iiad lioHideM |.iv<'n diiuctionH to his Minist;r in tlieVnited States to npee upon ii Treaty of'liniitM with the Tnited StateH. It appears hive that this explanation, when given, will he very little Hutinfuetory, niul that nt lest it is only a vcrhal explanation ci' a written und puhlished Ukase, the ternin of which, lowever eontrarv to till' law of nations and jirotested a!;-ainst liy us, innst he tho rule for uiir au'rciiants and traders till wo ean ohtaiii some doeunient in writin;;' whieli will alter it. This iH the sense in wiiieh I projioso to aet at Vienna ujion this part oFthe iimlrnetiens, and it is desirahlo^ that I should he informed whether we have any elaim to territory on the north-west eoast of Anieriea, and what are the opinions and reuHonings of the eiviliuns upon the question of (toiniiiion oil t/tU Kf(t. 1 • . 1 11 The J'uHsian .Ministers will very prohahly assimilate their elaun ot donuniou as thus verbally rts or trading stations situatt'd to the north of the 51st ilegree north latitude which are now occujiied by the traders and servants of this Company. In the year 17113 Sir Alexaiuler McKen/.ie crossed the KoeUy .Mountains in SI)" .*?()' iKU-th latitude, and penetrated to the I'acifie Ocean in latitude ,'r2^ 20'. Immediately alter his retiiru tl:e Hritisli fur traders sent expe(litions and established trading posts in tli(! country to tho Avestward of tho Hoeky Mountains. New trading stations have been gradually formed as tho country was more fully explored, and uniil 1821 the whole tiabi of an extensive district named New (Caledonia, and extending from the luouth of Fiaser Hiver, situated about 41)' north latitudo to about do' north latitude, was carried on by the Hritish North-west <'om[)any. The partnershi)) of the British North-M'cst Company being then about to expire, arrange— iiieiits were made in 1821 by which the Hudson Hay Company acquired possession of all tho forts and traihng stations of that Association situated in New Caledonia, as well as in other parts of Hritish North America. Tho principal forts or permanent and jentral trailing, stations in New ('ah;(hjiiia, now occupied by the traders and servants of this Company, are situated at the Roeky .Mountain liortuge in 5(»° north latitude and 121° west longitude; on Stewart bake, in .')-l°:'()' nortii latitudo and 125" west longitude ; on McLcod Lake, in 55° north latitudo and 124° west Inigitu le, and oil Fraser Lake, in 55" north latitude and about 127° west longitude ; and there; are several minor trading posts the situations of which are occasionally changed ac(.'onling to local circumstancee. Hy these means an extensive trade; is carried on with all those Iiidijii tribes whieh inhabit the country troin about ()0° north latitude as far soutii as the mouth of Kraser Uiver, which is ia -about 49° nortli latitude, and between the Hocky Mountains and the sea. The British fur traders have never met with the traders of any other nation iu that countrj*, and it does not appear that any part of it has ever been oc(;upiod by tho subjects of Russia or of iiny other foreign Power. All the considerablo rivers which fall into the Pacific Ocean in this extent of coast have not jet been sufficiently exploied to ascertain whether any of them are navigable with largo boats l!^' 12 luul linvo wifo Imiboiirs nt tlieir (lisclmmo into tlio sen. Tlio fiirn prdcuivd in tliat ciuintrv Iinvo tluitl'oid bi'i'U bi-Diiglit to Kno^lund uown the I'onio Pivtr nnd tlironj^li tli'j IIiiilHon May <'<>inii(niy'H liTvitDi-ics. But it is iji'obnble that, in 8uch an extent of couHt, Koint" practicaluo uoniniunieation witli the sea will bo (liHcovi-rt'il whii'li would navi- llie uxpi-nHive tviinsport of goods and f'urB tlunngh tlu> interior ot Anuriea. A dirpct coniniunicatinn by sea in found to bi' advantageous in tlio country to the south of Now ( 'ulcdonia, Hituated on tlie varioUM i)raneh(R of the ("oinnibia Uivcr, wIhto tiiin Company haH I'xtcnHivc trading istablishnientH nxti-iiding to tiie iiend watcrH ot' tiiut rivi-r in tiio {{ockV Mountains, and thi' Haine advantugcH woulil bo derived from a direct conununieation l)y hch with New Cuiedonin. 'J'liiH ('oniiuuiy lias trading < htabliHhmcntN mIho in Jbickcn/.ic Hiver, whicii fails into tho l''rozcii Ocean as far north as (i()° iUl' uorth latitude, whicii carry ou a trade with those Indians Avlio inhabit tin; country to the west of that river and to the north of lio' of north htlitui.lf, anafident that His Majesty's (iovermncnt will take the proper measureH for protecting the interests of this Company and of tho British fur trudo iu that quarter of tho world. I have, &c. (Signed) J, II. I'KLLY, Ikpntii Oovernor. No. 8. Mr. 0. Cannintj to the Duke of Wellington. (No. G.) My Lord Duko, Foreiim Ofiir. Septemher 27, 1822. YOl'U Grace is already iu possession of all that lias passed Imth here and at St. I'cter^iburgh on the Hiiliji'ct of the issu:- in Septendu r of last year, by the Kinjiernr of Hiis^ia, of an Ukase indirectly assi;rting an exclusive right of sovereignty from Bering Strait to the , list degree of north latitude (ui the west coast of America and to the 4.">th degree ncrth on the opposite coast of Asia, and (as a (pudified exercise of that right) prohil)iting all foreign ships, luider pain of coniiscation, from approaching within 100 Italian miles of those coasts. The L'kaso having been conununieated by Baron Nicolai, the Russian (Charge (I'AfTaires nt this (JoTU't, to His Jlajesty's Government, was forthwith submitted ti> the legal authorities whoso duty it is to advise His Jlajesty on such matters; and a note was in conKotpieiice addressed by the late ^larquis of Londondeny to Count Lieveu, the Bussian Andiaps'idor, and also com- municated to lUs ^lajesty's Andiassador at St. Betersbnrgh, protesting against tho cnactmentH of the said I'kase, and requesting su(.'li amicable explanations as might tend to reconcile tho pretensions of Bussia in that qimrter of the globe with the just rights of His Majesty's (.'rown and tho interests of his subjects. As such explanathous Avill proliably bo offered to your Grace during the Conferences about to take place at Vionna, I hasten to signify to yon tho King's conuuauds as to tho language which you will hold on tho part of His JIajesty uj)on this subject. The opinions given in Novom'>cr and December last by Lord Stowell and by His JIajosty's Advocate-General (copies of Avliieh are already in your possession) will furnish you with the best K\ual arguments ni opposition to the pretensions put forward in tho Bussinn llkaso ; and as, in butii these opinions, much stress is very properly laid upon tho state of actual occupation of tho territories claimed by Russia and the difU'eront periods of time at which they wee so occupied, I have obtained from the Governor of tho principal Company of His Majesty's subjects trading in that p:irt of tho world the information which your Grace will iind in tho inclosed papeiu Tliat intormation will enable you sufficiently to prove to tho Russian Ministei's, not only that tho point of prior discovery may lie fairly disputed with Russia, but that tho much more certain title of actual occupation by the agents and the trading servants of the Hi;dson Bay Company extends at Ibis moment to many dogrets of biglu^'- latitude on tho north-west coast of Auioriea than is claimed as the territory of Russia by the Ukase in question. Enlightened Htatesinen and jurists have long held as insignificant all titles of territory that are not founded on actual occupation, and that title is, iu the opinion of the most esteemed writers on public law, to be eslablisheil only by practical use. With respect to tho other points in tho Ukase which have the efl'ect of extending the territorial rights of Russia over the adjacent seas to the unprecedt;nted s in the present case, applied to a long line of coasts, and also to inter- mediate islands in remote eeas -whero navigation is btset with innumerable and nnforeseen Jl 13 •liflicnlticH, luid wlicro thi! piiiioiiml ciiiiilDVimiit of tlie fiHlieric^^ ii\iiHt he purHiicd iukUt tinnni- Htiiiici's wliiuli iii'o iiit'i)iii|mtil)lL' with tlio jn'cscrilie.l CDurHcH, all j)aiticiilur (•(iiiHiilumtimm ctuKMir, ill nil i-Hpiifiivl luitniu-r, with the p'liciiil ]iriii('i|ih', in rcpelliiii^- such ii pi-ftuiisioii us an encnmch- oieiit on till' fri!i!ily it hail (whether winely or not) fjiven its doliherato consent. No inference could he drawn from that traubuction in lavour of a claim by authority against all tho world. I have little di)Ul>t, therefore, but that tho jmblio notification of tho claim t;i i.'onsidor tho portions of the ocean ineludod oetweon tho adjoining; coasts of America and tho Russian Eii))iiro iiH a VKire rlaimiim, niid to extend the exclusive tonitorial jurisdiction of liussia to IOI> Italian miles from tho coast, will bo publicly' recalled, and I have tho King's commands to instruct your (iraco further to ro(iuiro of the Russian Jlinister (on the ground of tho facts and reasonings tnrnished i?i their desputcli and its inolosures) that sncli a portion of territory alone shall 1)0 defined as belonging to Russia as shall in^t interfero with tho rights and actual possessions of Her Majesty's subjects in North Americn, T am, &n. (Signed) (JEORUK flANNING. No. 9. The Duke of WeUimjton to Mr. G. Canninq. — (Rcceireil Decfimhev 0.) (No. ;$8.) Sir, Veromi, Xoremher 28, 1822. I INGLOSPi the copy of a (^nifidciitial Mcinorandiim which I gave to Count Nesselrode on tho 17th October, ri'ganling the Russian Ukase, and the copy of his answer. 1 have had one or two discussions with (Jount Lieveii upon tlii |)aper, to which I object as not enabling His Majesty's (Joverninent to found upon it any ncgotialions to settle the (piestions arising out of the Ukase, which diseiissions have not got the better of these difliculties ; and I inclose to you the copy of a letter which 1 have written to(^ount iiievcn, explaining my objections to the Russian " Memoire Confidentiel.'' This question, then, stands exactly where it did. 1 have not been able to do anything upon it. I have, &o. (Signed) WELLINGTON. Inclosure 1 in No. 9. Memorandum.. IN tho month of September 1821, His Imperial Majesty tho Emi)oror of Russia issued an Ukase, assorting the existence in the Crown of ihissia of an exclusive right of sovereignty in the countries extending from Rering Straits to the .'ilst degree of north latitude on tho west coast of America, and to the 4.')th degree of north latitude on the opposite coast of Asia, and as a qualified exerc'ise of that right of sovereignty, prohibiting all foreign vessels from api^roaching 'within 100 Italian miles of those coasts. After this Ukaso had been submitted by the King's Government to those legal authorities whose duty it is to advise His Majesty on such matters, a note was addressed by tho late Marquess of Londonderry to ('ount Lieven, the Russian Ambassador, protesting against the onactmentfl of this Ukase, and requesting such amicable explanations as might tend to reconcile the pretensions ot Russia in that quarter of the globe with the just rights of His Majesty's Crowu and the interests of his subjects. ■*^': object, fiist, to the claim of sovereignty as set forth in this Ukase ; and, secondly, to the mode in which it is exercised. The best writers on the laws of nations do not attribute the exclusive sovereignty, particularly of continents, to those who have first discovered them, and although wo might, on good grounds, dispute with Russia tho priority of discovery of these continents, we contend that the mnch more easily proved, more conclusive, and more certain title of occupation and use, ought to decide tho claim of sovereignty. Now we can prove that the English North-west Company and the Hudson Ray Company have formally years established forts and other trading stations in a country called New Caledonia, situated to the west of a range of mountains called Rocky Mountains, and extending along the shores of tho I'aiufic Ocean from latitude 19° to latitude 00°, [487] £ 14 Tliiii Coninany likewiHo jiohrchscr fiutoritH and otlur * stuliliKliinciitK on Miuki-ii/.io Hiver, wliicli CulU into tlio Frozen 0 might fairly disjuitc, wc liavc tho indi!i[)utaMc claim if occupancy a>id n8(! for a sericH of yiavN, wliicl) all the b.nt writers on tiie lawH of nalionn admit in the hcHt founded claim to a territory of tluH dcHcvintioc, Ohjecting an we do to this claim of cxclu.sive Hovereii;iity on the part of UusHiii, I might huvo mytielf the trouble of diwuHfiing the particular mode of itw exercixe aH Hct fortli in this UkiiHc, but wc object to the mode in which the Hovereignty is propused to be exeri'ised un1uh ni ])liiH IcH rii])|)(irts d'limitic ct dc jxirlMitu iidclligciicu (ju'cllu hu H'lii'itc d'l'nlrt'ti'iiir avrc lit (.tniiidf'-Hrotii^;!!!'. Kii (.■iiiih(''i|uciicc rF,iiii)i rtiii' a clmrj;'!' hoii ('aliinct do dri'liircr a M. Ii! iMic di- Wi'llin^^tnii (hiiiih (juc ci'ttc il(''cliiriitiiiii |iiiis«ir ))ivju(li('ii'r fii rion a st'H dmilH, si cllo ii'rtoit point ac'i pttW') (prii oKt prc't a fixer, mi nioyi'ii d'niit^ nr^ociutioii nniicaio ct nut la Iimmc (Ich ciinvcnanccH iniituclli'H, IcH dcgiVH dc latitude ct do loiigitiido (juc Ic-t diiix rniKHaiiccH rcj^ardcroiit CDiiniio nict do HuHHic pent aHMircr d»'H a piVHciit AI. Ic Due dc \Vcllin^t(iii (pic IcH iiicHiiicH lU- prcinutimi (;t dc Hiirvcillaiicc ted by [Hh Majesty tho Kinjieror, under date of the 4th (Kith) September, 1821, to ''.etcrmino tho «!xtoiit of the linHHian posKCMsioim on tho north-west coast of America, and to prevent foreign vcshcIh from approaeliinc; thcHo poMscHsioiis within the distance of 100 Italian miles. The overtures made in rcganl to this subject to the (iovernmcnt of W'w liritannic^ Majesty by Count do Lievon, at the tinu! of tin; departure of that Ambassador from liOiab)!!, mufit already liavo proved that tho opinion the Court of St. .lames ciitcrtaiiKsd of the meaHiircs under considera- tion was not founded upon an entirely exact understanding of the views of His Imperial Wajealy. ..... Russia is far from faiKiig to recogni/,e that use and occupation eonstituto tho best titles by which a State can la.y claim to rights of sovercignt.v over any part of the continvnt. i{iissia is further still from having wished to arbitrarily overstep th(> boundaries which such title assigns to her dominions on tho north-wi'st coast of America or to insist as a generiil prin<'i[)lc of niiiiitinjo law upon the regulations that a ])iircly local ncecsisity had obliged her to impose upon foreign navigation in the neighbourhood of tho part of this cfiast wliieli belongs to her. It was, on the contrary, because she regarded these rights of sovereignty ns Icijitiniate, and beeniiBO imjiorative consideri.tions involving tho very existeiieo of the commcreo in which she is engaged along tho north-west coast of America forced her to establish a svetem of prec'iiition.s which lias become indispeiiBable, that she issued the Ukaso of the 4tli (IGtl ^ "cptcinber, IH.M, Russia would always be read.y to explain the nidtivcs which justify hti eondnet, but fia- tho present she will coiifiiu; herself to the following observations: — The Duke of Wellington stiites in his Confidential Mciiioriiiidmn of the 17th October that some English Settlements, belonging to two Compiiiiies — the lltids'in Ha.v and the Xia-th-Wcst — bavo been fonned in a ccniiitiy called New Caledonia, which cxtciids along tho coast of tho I'acifie Ocean from the H'tli degrc e to the (iflth degve ; of north latitude. Russia will not s])ealc of the Settlements which may exist between the 4'.lth and olst pitraHi'In, but as to the others, she does not hesitate to admit that she is still in i.gnoranco of their existence, at least so far as their touching the Pacifie Ocean is concerned. ]''ven tho most recent and comi)!ete English maps do not show a single trading j)ost, mentioned in the Memorandum of the 17th October, on the coast of America between the .Olst .'ind (iOth degrees of north latitude. Moreover, since tho expeditions of Bering and TehiricofT — that is, for nearly a century — Ihissian Settlements have been growing so steadil.v from the (JOth degree onward that in 17y"J they had reached the .')5th parallel, as the first Charter of the Russian-American Cumpaiiy shows, which (Jhartor at tho time received official publicity, and which has called forib. no protest on tho part of England. This same Charter accorded to the Russian Company tho right to extend its Settlements toward tho south be.yond the 5.5th degree of north latit.iide, provided that siuh inurease of territory would give rise to no protest on tho part of aii.v foreign Power. No objection was made to this provision, either, b.y England. Siie did not even protest against the new Settlements that tho Russiap-Aincrican Company may have established to tho south of the ^wi\\ degree by reason of this privilege. Russia was thus fully authorized to profit by a consent which was not tho less solemn because it was tacit, and to fix as the boundary of her dominions tho degree of latitude to wldcli the Russian Company had extended its operations since 1790. However that may be, and whatever foren these circumBtances may lend to Russia's title. His Imperial Majesty will not deviate in the slightest degree, at tliis juncture, from his -accustomed political system. ^ 16 TIiH iiiriit clioriMlioil wiNh will ulwnyii ho to prevent nil coiitoiitioii ami to MtroiiKtlnii imtre and iiioi'(< tlio IVit'iMlly I'ciiitiiiiiN uiul tlio porfuct uiKlcrHtaniliiig wliidi li<> iMHigriitiilittiM liiniHi'lF <>\i iiiaintuiiiiiiK with y iiKtaiiH of fVii'ii!' their ScttlcinintH mi tliu north-wiNt imuikI of Aiiirricn, Hit) Iniporial MaJuHty in pii'iiHi'd to ln'lievc tinit tliiHc ni'gotiutioiiH can lie tt'iniinated without diflieiilt}-, to the iiintiiHl hiitiHfaction of the t>v*2'2. Inclosuro .1 in No. 0. 'J'/ie Duke of WcUimjton to Count Lieren, M. lo Cumte, Veroua, XoirmlxT 28, 1M22. lIAVlNtl coimidered tho jiapir which your Kxeelleiicy gave mo la.st night on the part of hit* Kxoellency Count NoHHolrode on tho Huliject of unr diKcuHHionH on the UuHBinn Uka ((iic In )inixiiiiili'' ilr rt'S IikhIi'H III' III lit liilll|i|Urr ill' C'lllHi I' i'l I'l'liiMiKM liii III !tl|K>;i', |i!llH IDriiii I't Ciilillll hiiIIH Ir liiiltl lie Niix ii-AriliininflNk. Miuh ilaiis Ir sll|HllP^itillll i|iii' I'lHi iii' iiul ivuHMir a rti-inlri' |i'n Iruiitii'ri'H ilii la liiiKwir l'i.mrtiii|> iiiim vcik Ir Mill, il Hi.'i'tiil, ri' hi iiilili', iiiiliH|ii'iiHMii|i> (Ic ji'H vmIi' iiii iiiniiiH flxt'-i's nil .■>.■" ilcurr ilii latitiiilti ii.iiil. mi, iiiii-nx I'lUMirc. t'v la imiiito nit'Tiiliuiiaio dc rArcliiiii'l dii I'liiici' til' (iiiilii rt lOliHi'i'vatoiv liilif, Hiliii's a |u-ii ]iii''M Hcitis ii' jiantllMc. 'rmit viiiHiiinj;o jiIiih i'ii|i|iiipi'lu'' ill H r'talilihHi'iiii'iiH Aiij;liiiH no jtuiiii'oit iiiiiiiiini'i' d'c'tri' jur-jiiilicial'li' u ci liii ili' Nuvn- Anliiiiim'lHk,iiui Hc li'dUVL' mniM leu 57' ;t'. (TrniiBlntion.) It will (1iiiil>tlfaH III' I'xpi'ilii'iil ti) iiiiiko ull pfiMiililo iittLMiiptN in tliin diri'i'tioii liy iilli'^iii;;' tln' iiu\vi]i'.-s iif tlu'Ho liiNi iMfaliliHiiiiiiiifH. tl Iiui'-ir III' llio inivili'Li'i' |('liiirtiil ni' tlii' Iwn iiiiitfd CiiiiiliiiiiirH uliii'li Nt'tH II iiiiiil tu tliiir I'litmi' fxti'iiKimi, nml IIh' iiijiiiy wliirli tin' iirnxiiiiity of tliiiKi' iiiistN I'liiiiiiit t'liil ti> caiiNi' tlni nlilcr Kiissiiiii istaliliNliiiiiiit, Kimwii iindi r tin- niiinr nt' Niivii-Aii'liiiiijii'lHk. lint miiiihmiiiu; it fn In- iiiipnsHil)!.' (•• hih^'i'iiI in rxlindin^ tlu' riniitiiTH of HiiKsiii iiincli lnrllu'i' townrilH tlii^ hhiiIIi. it iirriiiH tluit it woiilil ]<■■ iniliMpi'iiNiilili' to Imvi- tliuiii lixi'il lit II iiht at till' 'i."itli ili'Ki't'i' ii(hin, Janiton/ !!• ^31), 1823. In ooiisoqucnce of tlio vorlml Btatcmonts tliat the I'lido'- .gned. Andias-sador Extraovdinnvv and Ploiiipofontiary of Ili.v .Majesty the Kniporor of all the Hussias, has made to the Governinenf of His llritiinnio Majesty, the Court of St. .laines niufit have booome eonviiiepd that had objoe- tion arisen to the Kegulatioii proniulp;ated in the .rtiiio of His Majesty the Kniporor of all th" liUbsias, undor date of tlio -Ith (Uith) September, 1.S21, the subsL'qnent nieasiu'oH adoiited by lliw imperial JliijeRty leave uo doubt ns to the Hiueerity of his intentions and the desire Avbioh ho will ohvays have to reconeilo his riglitH and his interests -with the interests and th'? rights of the Powers to v/liom ho is bound by the ties of sincere friendship and mutual good-will. [487] r 18 Dofoio leaving Verona the UndcvKi'f;iie(l uns ovtlercd to present to tlic Govcriinieiit of Ilia Britannic JIajesty a nt-w proof of the Emperor's well-known fi'olinjjjH l>y projiosing t(J his lOxeel- leney .Mr. Canning, (.'hitf Secretary of Slate for Foreign Afl'airs of His ISritannic MajtRty (without pi'rniit ting this jjropoHition to p)'ejii(licc the lights ot His Imperial Majesty shonhl it not be aecepted), that the nuestion of strict rig-lit he temporarily set aside on the j)art of hoth, and that all tlio ilill'ereiiees to Avhii.'h the Hegulation in ((ucstioii has given rise be adjusted by an amicable arrangement foundeJ mi tin; sole principle of mutual expediency, to bo negotiated at St. I'eterHiixu'gh. 'i"ho Kinperor is pleased to believe tliat Sir f "liarhs Hagot will soon receive the? powers and instructions necessary to this end, and tliat the proiiosilion of the rndersigncd will (njinpletely denionstrato to the (ioverninent of His Hritannie MMJesty how much it is the wish of IUh imperial Majesty that no difference of opinion slmuld exist between Russia and (jlreat i5ritain, and ji...i ii. 1. ,..*..4-..,.t 1 1 1.1 »: i 1 ;.. ii. ■ i.i: ...„ iiiiiieiijii .Mtiji:ftiv iiitii iju uiiiui flirt- 1)1 uiiiiiiuii rMitiiiiu i;.\i.*st ueiueeii iiu:?Hljl that the most perfect hariimny should continue to rule in their relations, 'i'he I'nderwigneil takes, iJce. (Signed) LIKVEN. No. i;}. (No. 1.) Sir, ,1/j'. (/. Cannintj to Sir C. UiujdI, Fuvi'lija Ofiiie, Ft'brtKiri/ o, lH2i5. V^ITII reference to my despatch No. 5 of the 31st December, 1822, transmitting to your Excellency the copy of an Instruction* addressed to the Duke of Wellington, as well as a despatcht from his (trace, dated Verona, the 2!lth November, 1822, both upon the subject of tlio Ihissian Ukase ot September 1821, I have now to inclose to your Excellency the copy of a notuj which has been adclrcssed to me by ( 'ount Eleven, expressing His Imperial Majesty'.! wish to enter into some amicable arrangement for bringing this subject to a .satisfactorj' termination, and retpiesting that your ICxcellency may be furnished with the necessary jxiwers to enter into negotiation for that pur[)osL' with His Imperial Majesty's .Ministers at St. I'etorsln.irgli. 1 avail myself of th(! opportunity of a Russian courier ((d whose departure (jMiuit Lievcu has enly just apprised me) to send tliis note to your Excellency, and to desire that your Ivxeelleiicy will prciceed to open the di'.eu.ssion with the Russian ilinister upon the basis of the instruction to the Duke of Wellington. 1 will not fail to transmit to your Excellency full powers for the conclusion of an Agreement upon this subject by a messenger whom 1 will dispatch to you as soon '■:; I shall have collect. 'd any further information wliicii it may be expetlieiit to furnish to your E.xceileiicy. or to found any further instruction upon, that may be necessary for your guidance in this important negotiation. (Signed) '' "(iEoRUE (.'ANNIXG. No. 14. Mr. (J. (.'ininliiij io Sir C, Ji(i(/ot. Sir, Fori'iijn Office, Ftlrniiri/ 2.1, 1823, I TRANSMIT to your Excellency herewith a full power, which the King has been pleased to grant to you uuder the great seal, authorizing and empowering you to adjust the diflereiices which have arisen in coiisequence of the Ukase promulgated at St. l-'eter.sburgh on tiic 4th Septem- ber, 1821, which prohibits, under pain of conliscation, all fmeign vessels from approaching within 1(!U Italian miles of the north-western coast of America, the Ah.'iitian and Kiirile Isles, and the eastern coasts of Siberia. I have nothing further N) add. to the papers Avith which your J]xeelleney has already been furnished on this subject, except two opinions which were laid by the King's Law Ollicers before His Jlajesty's (ioverninent on the first receipt of the Ukase in ipiestion. I am, &.C. (Signed) (JEORGE CANNING. No. 15. Sir C. Baijot to Mr. (!. Cunning. — {Received March 15.) (No. 8.) iij,.^ St. Prterxhunjh, Fehrnanj 10 (22), 1823. ' COUNT LIEV?]N'S courier arrived hero yesterday afternoon, and I had this morning tiie lionour to receive your despatch No. 1, of the 5th instant, inclosing to me a copy of hm Excellency's note to you of the 31st of last month, respecting the Imperial Ukase of tim lUth September, 1821. * No. 8. No. 10. I No. 12. 10 As the post is oil the point of setting out, I liav(^ only tinio to ncknowledgo tlic ri'coipt of tills (lospatcli, and to iissuio you Unit I sliiiil ininioiliatfly prococd to open -with tlio liimsiiui 5Iiiiis(ry tlie diKcnsHioiis wliicli you instinct mo to liokl upon tlio inipoitnnt suhjoct to wliitdi it rt'latt's. 1 had A"pstc'vday aii intorviiw witli Count Ncsselrodo, -wlicn I took ocf-asion to sjioak with liim frtiicra'lly upon" tliii state of afiairs as they appear to he afleeted by tha King of Fiance's s]>ee('li at the opening of liie Chanibci-i, but nothing passed in our eoiivevsatiou which it seeniH necessary that T should report to yon, and 1 h.ave not had nil opportunity of seeing the Kiiiperor since jiis return i'roin Verona. 'I'he latest intelligence received here iiioiith. 1 ought to state tliat in the copy of the instructions given to the i.Miko of Wellington by your ilespatcii No. (■) to his (Irace of the 27tli Sejiteinber, 182:i, and wh'cli was transmitted to mo in your despatch No. ;"> of the illst December, the o])iiiions of Lord Stowell and of His ^bijcKty'K A(lvocate-(ieneral upon the subject of this Ukase, and the other papers therein referred to Hot iiK.-losed. fvom Constantinople is still that of the L'")tli of last (), woro I have, &c. (Signed) CHARLES JJAOOT. Xo. 10. Shipoifitcr."^ ^{icicti/ 1(1 Mr. <1. Cunniiin. — {liecelvcil ■) Si Km- lirowl Street, .Time 11, lS2o. »ce:i requested by thi' (.'oniiaitte(! (jf this Society to represent to yon, Sir, that f HAVE <'0iisiderablc alarm h;is been excited among the owner.'i of ships engaged in the southern wliah fishery by the order lately issued by His Majesty the Emperor of Hnssia, '' jirf)liibiting foreign vc.«sels to touch at the Russian establishments along the i;ortli-west coast of America from Reriiig Straits to r>l° north latitude, as well as in tiie Ahutiaii Islands, on the east coast, of Siberia, and tlu; Knrile Islands, iliat is to s-ay, IVcjia Mering Straits to the Smith Cajie. in (ho Island f'f Ooroop, viz.. in A'r al' ii'ilh latitude, or even to approach them witliin a less dista'ico than l(l(» Italian miles." This Committee, Ik ing aware of the delicacy of the subject, ami that the attention of His llajesty'H (lovcrnment had been directed to it, have been unwilling to trouble you with any re]>reseiitatioiis, but as there are now many iships lishing in those seas, and several others IkhiikI thither, and it npptars that fears are generally cntcrlained lest t!ie seizure and conlisealierii of some of them should take place by the llnssian anlhoiities upon the })lea of their having been within the prohibited limits, the Committee have f 'It it their duty — and have I'eqiiested me thut most respe('tfnHy to c.xpress U) yoii, Sir — their hope that yon maybe enabled to ecjininuiiicate to them such information as will remove those a])prehensioiis. I have, &.C. (Signed) GEORGE LYALL, (Imlrtiinii of' I tie (oiii)iilllee. Xo. 17. Mr. S. Cainiiini In Mr. (!. ('aiiiiliid. — (Rereired Jimc 12.) <\o..17.) ^ ^ Sir, _ Wa.ihiiKjton, .]fiii/ ■">, 1,S2:!. THE IJussian Envoy. 1^-iron Tuyll. who arrived here about three v- x-ks ago, has proposed to the Aniericnii (Government, in the name (jf bisCouit. to send instructions to Mr. Middlctoii at St. I'eteisbiirgh, for the purpose of enabling him to negotiate an arrangement of the dilferenccs arising out of the claims asserted by the Emperor of Russia to an exclusive dominion over thi; ncrtli-west coa.tt of America and the iieighboming seas as far as the ."ilst degree of north latitude. The proposal I cone« ive to be similar to that which was made by Count Nesselnxle to His JIajesty's Plenipotentiary at Verona relative to the same obj'ect, as it affects Great liritain. Ti;G Anierieaii Secretary of State, in apprising ine of the commuiiieation received from Baron Tuyll, expressed a desire that I would mention it to His .^lajesty's fioveinmeiit, and stating that ^'r. Middleton would in all probability be furnished with the necessary powers and instructions, Miggested whether it might not be adVantagi-ous for the British and" American Governnientp, •proresting as they did against the claims of Russia, to empower their Ministers at St. Peteisburgh to act in the propose negotiation on u common uiiders"andiiig. He added that the riiited States had no urritorial clniins of their own as high as the 51st degree of latitude, althor.gn they ers, and which has ah'eady been forwarded to your Office, of nil Anicricaii tradinf^-vcsHcl having been >>vdured away from the nortli-wcKt const by the Conimander of a UusHian frigate Htutioncd in that quarter. He iHd not appear, however, to apprehend that any unph'asant eonHe(iuenceH were likely to result (roni that oceurrcnce, as it was understood that provisional instruetions of a less exceptionable tenor had been dispatched from St. Petersburgh in complianee with the representations of foreign Powers, !n bringing under your notice this overture of tlie American (iovernment, respecting Aviiich I cannot presume to an icipate the Kentiments of His ^hijesty's Cabinet, I have only to add th:it, on asking Mr. Adiims whether it was his intention to enter more largely upon the subject at fireseut, 1 mms informed, in reply, tiiat it would be desiralilo for him previously to know in wiiat iglit th( Pi'itish (iovernment was disposed to view the suggestion wliicli he had offered. He njipcared to be under an impression that the instructions ami |)o\vers reipiisite for acting separately in this aifair had already been transmitted to Sir Charles Hagot. I have, &c. (Signed) STRATFORD CAXNING. if- No. 18. Memorumhim to he ikUvered to Mr. Lyall, C/ialrman of the Shijiotcners Sjeieti/. NO doubt is entertained but that Hritish vessels nuiy pursue their usual navigation within the seas nuaitioned in i\Ir. Lyall's letter without apprehension of nu>leRtation from Russia. The warning oft of the American vessel took place before notice of the modifications of the rkiise, assiu'anccs of wlneli "<■ .re given to the (iovernment of the United States in the month of April last, could have reached ilie Russian Coiuuiauder in those seas. Similar assurances were given to the Jh'itish Ciovernnient by the Russian Ambassador in September; and the wludo subject is now under neg(jtiation at St. Petersburgh. Forelijn Ojfice, June 27, 1823. No. 19. Mr. G, CauHiiig to Sir C. Ihgot. (No. 12.) fc>ir, Ft Icin O^cp, Jiih/ 12, 182.'>. I HAVF] the honour to in(;](is(', for your Kxcelleucy's information, the copy of a despatch icoeived from His Majesty's ^linister in America ui)oii the subject of the Russian Ukase relatitig to tiie uerth-west coast of .Vmeriea ; also a letter from the Shipowners' Society ujion tlu^ same 8nl)ject and ot a Menu)randum of my reply to that letttir. Your Ivxcellency will ol)servc from Mr. Stratfonl Canning's despatch that the Governnu^iit of the United States are desirous to join witii that (jf His Majesty in bringing forward some proposition tor the definitive settlement of this question with Russia. We have no precise information as to the views of the American (rovernment, Mr. Rush not having yet received any instructions upon the sidiject. It seems probable, however, that the part of tlic question in wliich the American (iovernment is peculiarly desirous of estab- lisliing a concert with this counlry is that which conceri.:* the extravagant assumption of ni.-iiiti-ne jurisdiction. U[ion this point — it being now distinctly undeistood tliat Russia waives all her pretentions to the practical exercise of tlie rights so miadvisidly ciaimcd — the only question will i)e as to the mode and degree of disavowal with which (ireat Rritaisi and thft United States might be. respectivt'ly, satisfied. I'pon tin's point, llieret'ore, such a concert as the United States are undevstiiod to desire will be peculiarly advantageous, because, su[)[)osing the disavowal made, there is no disposition on tin? jiart of His Majesiy to press hard iq)on the feelings of the FiUiperor of Russia, and it woidd certainly be mori; easy for His Abijesty to nisist lightly on what may be considered as a point of national dignity, if he acted in this respect in concert with another Maritime Power, than to emict any less degree, either of excuse for the past or of security for the future, than that other Power might think necessary. (ireat I'ritain and the United States may be satisfied jointly with smaller coucessionK than either Power could accept singly, if the demands of the other Avere likely to be higher than its own. I therefore think it best to defer giving any precise instructions to yom' Excellency on tliis j)oiiit initil I shall have beeii informed of the views of the American (jrovernment upon it. In the meantime, however, you will emltavour to draw from the Russian (Government a proposal of their terms, as M-e should undoubtedly come mmdi more conve'iienrly to the discussion, and be: miu;h more likely to concert an agreement upon moderate terms with the American (iovernment if a proposal is made to us than to agree in or.gimiting one which M'ould be satisficlory at once to both (iovernments and to Russia. The other part of this piestion, which relates to tcrritm-ial claim and boundary, is, perhaps, 6UFeoptil)le of a separate settlement: of the two piincipleson wliich the settlement could do made, viij., joint occupancy or territorial deuuircation, the latter is clearly preferable. A line of fl t extend this watch beyond tiie latitudes in wliich the American Company has "actu dly exorcisi d its rigiits of hunting and fishing, either from the time of its f(mnuti(m or since tin- ren-iwal of its privileges in 179i», and that, as to the islands where Colonies or Settlements ot the Jompanyhavo been established, they are all, without distinction, comprised hi this general rule . [487] G 1 22 2. That tlio obJL'ct of lliis Rurvfillniicc bIiouM lio to i-fpvcss all IVauiUik'iit coiniiicrco ami Jill attcinpts to injure tliu interfstH of tlio (Company by (liHlmliiiig the watcrK fVoi|Ufiitc{l by its limiters and lisliLTnu'ii ; also to previ'nt any ontt'rprJHo having in viow tho furnishinfr of tii-c-arniH, sitlc-ai'ms, or munitions <,'f war to tho nativoH Avithout tho consent of thy nuthorities ; IS. That so far as stray Khips, li('af< n by tompi-sts ov carried away by currents, are con- (■'■rni'd, Coinniandcrs of vessels of tlie Ini])erial navy shall continue to observe tho provisions of ttie Ivef^ulations of tlie -Ith Septeinb(.'r, IHJl ; that they shall also conform to it in tlu^ case of vessels en^'aj^ed in trade, in attempts or in entt'riirises above indicateil, and that, especially, thoy shall act in accordance with the piineiplcs re<;u<;-ni>;eil by all nations when a fort'ign vessel, having on Ixiard prohibited merehamlise or munitions of war, approaches one of our Settle- ments within range of the guns without j)aying heed to tho RumnKJus and declarations which our officers may address to her in conformity witfi what has been hereinbefore prescribed ; linally — 4. That theso ciHcers shall refrain from all intervention in tho excrcisv of the local functions of the L)ireetor of the Colonies, who has received instructions exactly similar io those witli which they themselves have been provided, and who is invested with the power of a Conmiander of tho port. Your KxcoUcncy Avill observe that these new instructions, which are in fact of sneli a naturo as t(j provisionally suspend the effect of the Imperial I'lcase of tlie Ith Si'ptembcr, 1S21, worn only forwarded from St. I'etersburgh in the month of August of last year: tliat, in conseipience, the officer Avho was then cruising in the Avaters in question, and tho Director of om' (-"(jlonies, cannot receivo them before next Septi'juber, and that Captain ToulonbiefV, (.'omniandingthe Uussiau slooj) "Apollo," particidarly, could have had no knoAvledgo of them at the time of the incident referretl to by the American newspapers.* No. 21. ^^l•. G. Ciinnbiq to Sir C. JJiniot. (No. 17.) Sir, Foreii/ii Ojfi'y, Awjiisl. 20, 182."). COUNT LIEVEN called upon me some days since and conimunic .ted to mo, confidentially, the inclosed extract of a dospatchf Avhich his P^xeelleiiey had received from Count Nesselrode upon the subject of the Ruf?sian Ukase of the 4th September, 1821. Although it is A'cry probable that your Kxcellency is already in possession of tho facts stated in this paper, [ think it right to transmit it to your Excell'.'ney, lest it shoidd not yet have come to your Excellency "s knowledge. I considereil it expedient to make this communication knoAvn t>' Jlr. Kush, the American Minister in this ciuutry, whoso Government must natm'aliy bo deeply interested in any resolution Avhich may be adopted by that of Russia upon this suliject, apprising (A)unt LioA'en that I had done so. I am, &c. (Signed) GEORGE CANNING. No. Sir C. Iiiiffiif to Mr. (i. Cannliiij. — {Itcreiriil Scj'lonlit'r 23.) (No. 36.) Sir, St. Peter.^hiirnl,, Jii,i„.il ID (HI), 1823. COUNT NESSELRODE being upon the eve of setting out t(j join tho Emperor upon bi.s jonrnoy through the interior, and it being ]irobable that,he will not return to St. Petersburg!! boforu the middle of November, 1 have thought it advisable, even in the absence of those further instruc- tions which you led me io expect in your despatch No. 12 of tho 12th of last month, to ai)[)riso him of the probability of Mr. Jlitldleton and myself being soon instrneted to act joiiilly in negotiating Avitli him some projjosition for the definite settlement of that part at least of the tpiestion groAving out of tho Imperial Ukase of the 4th (Kith) Soiitember, 1821, which rt'gards the maritime jiu'isdiction assumed by Russia in the Nm-th Pacific Ocean. I have been imluced to actpuiint Count Nesselrode thus early Avith the fact, partly Avith a desire of ascertaining, so far as I coidd, the manner in which a condiiiied measm'o of tliis kin I Avould be A'ioAved by tho Imperial Government, and partly to ascert.tin whether his (jwn absencu Avould necessarily delay our negotiations upon this suliject. In respect to the first of these objects, I am happy in being able to state that the pro))osed concert of measures betAveon His JIajesty and the United States, so far from being unacceptablo to Count Nesselrode, is considered by him, and principally foi' the same reasons Avhicli are asaigned in your despatch, as tho most agreeable moao in Avhich the question could be brought imder iliscuBBion. In regard to the second object, finding that Count Nesselrode received so ih\'ourably my intimatiou ot the course Avliich Ave Avere about to pui-sue, I thought that I should best learn Avhether * Sec " Far-seal Arbiti-ation," vol. iv, p. 40."}. N... :!9. inmovce and L'((iK'iit('d by J fiii'iiiHliiiig' sent of tlij its, iii-o coii- u pi-ovisioiiB 1 the case of ••ciully, tliey (-•igii vesHt'l, our Settle- tions which prc'Hciibed ; ill fiiiictioiiH with wliich iiuk'i' of tho ich a iiatiiru , 1821, wcro oiisc(jueiiee, iiii'S, cannot iiswian slooj) J at lefciTed 20, 1823. liidcntially, .'Irodc upon i'acts Ktatud lavc couKj Amerioan ' resolution that I had N\l\(}. ), 1H23. upon his rgh bcforo cr instruc- ti> ai)i)riso j'oinlly in ist of tliu ■g-ards tlio llv with a tiiis kin I II abseiicu pro))osed iceeptabio > asaigned it under irably my n whether "5 the Iiussinn tioveninient was prepared to proceed iniinodiately to negotiation if I suggested to liini- jis 1 did, tiie facihties wliicli it would probably afford to all parties if, instead of leaving to Hip ]\Iniestv the perhaps diiUcnlt taslc of originating a iiroposition upon (he subji'ct, wliicii would bo «t the same lime salislactoiy liolli to the I'niled States and to Hussia, tiie Inip<.'rial fiovernment themselves should proprso some arrangement for our o(uisideration whi(.'h, while it might protect the le^'itin^ate commer\)y of which is inclosed in your despatch No. 12. 1 have, however, apj)rised him of the wish of his (.lovernment to act in concert with that of liis llaje.sty in this business, of llis I^Iajesty's readiness to accede t I had reccivcil your private letter in ( i[)her of the 2."ith d that the Russian Covernmtnt had in fact no settlements to the southward of that line. I am not, however, quite sure that I am right in this last assertion, as the Russian settlement of Sitka, to which I am told that the Russian (iovcrnment pretends to attach great importance, is not laid down very precisely in the map published in 1802 in the (Jnartormaster-tieiieral's IX'partnunt here, or laid down at all in that of Arrowsmith, which has been furnishod to mo from the Foreign Office, lie this, however, as it may, Count Nesselrodo- . LK Soiisniijjni', Sccvctaiio (I'Ktat, (lirif;oinit Ic Miiiistrro (Iik AflfainH l'.ti'angL"'i'.s, wCst <'iii[)rL'ss('' •l('rour s'ost ))lu ii 5)roV('nir los vooux quo vionnorit do Ini otro toniDifj^nos. Doju dopnis mi mois 'M. l.j (ionoral-Major {aron do Tuvll, nonuno au post3 (pi'occupoit M. do Polotica, a ro(,'U I'ordro de poursnivro, ininiodiateniont aprcH son arrivoo a \Vasliinf;'ton, la tac^lio inii)ortanto que son prcdocosscnr auroit igaloniont roinplio, si I'otat do snnto lui avait iiorniis do prolonj^or .son Biijonr on Arnoriipic. \', .1 ...i.,.,1. 1 ,„ i: ;i.: :....}., i.. << '. t '* ...'..:... • l , _ touto losion, l'Enq)urour a fait innnir los vaissoaux do la inarin<' Iniporialo qui font ot feront la cvuisiero snr la coto nord-oucst dos itistructionH los plus analofi;uos iin but quo los deux (louvorno- inons ainioronl a attoii\dro jiardos oxplications dirigoos do part et d'autr/, dans lui esprit do justice. C^aloniont rolnpuc, m ii^-kil mj ntuin- im .it.iu iiu'iimn vn.- |»iv/njijf^v-i .Tijii oup'ui vii .'\iiii;i 111 IK'. Xo doutant pas dos dispositions anii(.'alos ipui lo tJonvornemont Atnoiicain apportora anx lu'gociafions quo lo (Jonoral 'ruyll va ouvrir, et iissuro d'avanoo quo. par um; suite do cos meinos iiegooiations, les intorots du commerce do la (.'ompafijnio Husso-A.niericaino si^ront presorvos do touto lesion, l'Enq)ureur a fait lunnir los vaisseaux do la marine Iniperiale qui font ot feront la moi tie Concorde, ot d'amitie. K\i eeartant ainsi do son coto touto cliance qui auroit pu nionor anx voyoa do fait quo lo Oouvernement Anu'rieain s^nidilo apprclicn lor cb' loin, Sa .^[ajesto Iniperiale so plait a tsjieror que lo Picsidont des Ktats-Unis adoptora succossivenioiit dos niesures quo sii sagvsso lui nionlrora «r<)iiime b'S iilus projircs a roctilior toutos los orreurs neeroditoos par uno malveillanco qui cliorclio ii dcnatnrer los intentions ot a oomproniottro los rapports intinios dos deux (ionv(>rnemens. l)u niomont oil la marine ot le commerce des Ktats-V'nis seront convaininis que Ton s'oecnpi,' respo(!tivoniont des questions qui si' sont oievoos au sujet du lb''i;lomont du 4 (lU) Soptoiiihre, dans la fermo resolution do los decider d'un conimun accord, sons les auspices du bon droit ot d'uno ninitio inalterable; dos co niomont, la Rur%'oillauce dont se trouvent cliai-ges, on vcu'lu des iiouvellos instructions, los vaissoaux do la mariiu^ Impurialo, qui so rendront sur le nord-ouest «rAin6riqne, no sauroit jamais niotivor do taoheusos conqilications. Cost on so livrant a eotte certitude <|uo Mr. .Middleton vondra bion sans douto par(;ai;'or, qu"il roste plus an Soussigno qu'ii a jouter anx eonunuuications ipi'il a on onlro do iairo en nJ2)oar,o i% n/nf.i An ■) 1 .liiilliif r!icunrnllf»fk rinun /.(^liclil/ilM tli"in +ri>B (lltt I liivnco NESSELRODE. IIO.^.... I .,.. . ..^^.j..^..^^,. ._..|.. — ^. ^..--- la note du 21 .luillet I'assurauce do sa consideration tros distingnec (.Signo) (Translation.) .S7. l',l<'i\ibariih, Aii(jti.- ct (Ic riij)|iolor (le KiiK-sio i'l 'liK'iit i''iniil;e !i cote nnnl- isiiijj; IViim a nmlfvolciit spirit nil thi' L'ndi'H ariN ilitolitiiiliH and to 'coiiipniiuisc tiio pxnl iiii(h'i-Mtiiliiiiiif^ ol' tiio two ■vvliii h liio Aiiifii •an (fovcriiinont npponrs to apiaviuiid in tho Tutniv, His Iniporial ^fajoHty ontcr- tainn tiif ImiK! tiiat (liu I'lVKidcnt of the United Statcw will adopt siu;h niwinnreM as his wimh.ni niav wiij;;;ist to him i\» thoM<' best adapted to i-cetilv wliiili seeilvo to decide thein hv ei.ninion consent, in the li;;lit of actual ri^ht and of unalteraide l'rien('sliii>, tVoni tint moment tlio «mveiilance witii w!ii<'ii tho V( satis of tin; Imperial navy on tlie north- wesl coast of America are rOuirged, by virtue of the now iMstructions, will cease to be the caune of ti'onbh'some (uiniplications. Kntertaiiiing this i'ecliug of perfect secnrity. whicl! Mr. Middlctoii will doubtless share, them reniains imlhing t j the Undersigned but to add' to the c anmuiiicatious which he has 1m en diiected to make ill ivpiv to the note of the 21st .liilv the assmMiice of hi^ most distinguished coiisi.lcratioii. ^ ' ■ (SigiKul) XKSSKLHODE. \niicales (jui • s'est phi ti .'■neral-Major poursuivre, ?SHeur uuroit i(pie. iporteva aux ■ cos memos ircserves do ot fenint ha X (louverne- it do justice, B fait que jo lit a tsperer lui iiioiilrenv [ui cherche ii ns. roil s'occupi.' feiiibrc, dans lit et d'uno Ycrtu lies nord-ouest tagcr, (pi'll en repoiiBo ii KLliODK. t 1, 1X22. . hastens to tr Pleiiipo- in order to ikeii place d States. 1821, and of North It ng between pleased to ior-(M'ueral ;he order to predecessor his stay in Government, beforehand the Ru.ssian- the vesselfi north-west ovornrnents cord, and of of violence Xo. 2:i. Sir (\ Btiijct lo ^^r. 0. Caniiiiiii. — {Rin'iird Xdriiiiher 17.) (No. -IS. foiifidcntial.) Si. I 'rlr ,:■o> which Spain had to the north-west coasts of America, north of the -1211(1 degree of north latitude, and that when (Ireat ISritain, in the year 17'Jlt, disputed the exclusive right of Spain to this c last, the (,\)urt of Russia (as, iiiileed, appears by the declaration ol Count I'Morida IJlanca, and as it wouhl, perhaps, yet more ('Icarly iqipear by reference to the archives of the foreign department here) disclaimed all intention of interfering with the pretensions of Spain, and, consequently, all pretensions to territory south of the Gist degree, and that, therefore, any divisi 111 of tho coast lying between the 42nd and (list degrees oujjlit in strictness to be made between the United States and (ireat Britain alone. Jlr. ^liddletoii, however, admits that the United States are not jivepareil to push their prett'ii- sioiis to this extent, lie says that they .are ready to acknowledge that no country has any absolute and exclusive claim to these coasts, and that it is only intended by his (loverniiient to assert that, iis heirs to the claims of Sjiain, the United States have, in fact, the best pretensions winch any of the three Powers interested can urge. Assuming, upon those grounds, their right to a share in ihc division, the Uiiiteil States, it Bcenis, desire that, the divi.sion being made, the three Rowers should enter into a .Joint Conven- tion mutually to grant to each other, for some limited period, renow.ible at the pleanure of the Parties, the freedom of lishery and of trade with the natives, and whatever other advantages the coasts mayatford; and Jlr. Middleton has contidentially acquainted me that he has, in fact, veceived from his (tovernment the "projet" of a tripartite Ctmvention to this efJect, and lie has communicated to ine a copy, which I now inclose, of the full powers with which he 1ms been lurnished to negotiate such Convention with tho Plenipotentiaries of Croat Britain and Itussia. As neither the instructions nor the powers which I have received in regard lo this question were framed in contemplation of any such pretension as that which is now put forward by the American (lovernment, 1 have explained to Mr. Middleton how impossilile it is for mo to proceed 4'mther with him in the business imtil I shall have received fresh instructions from yon; and I [4P7] 'H Iinvc, witli liiH knowkilgp, infoinicd JF. Piili'tita flint I iiiUKt, fov Mio jnostiif, Kiispcml tlio coiil'cvi'iiceK (upon the tevritoral imrt (.f tlic (iiicbtion at liant) into wliieli lie and 1 liad already ■eiitered. I ciinnot diKgniwc IVoni nij'Kclf tliut, judf;'inm fv(Hn tho conviTHatiniiH -wliieh I liavc liail, both vitli Count Nti-Hclrodc and !M. Poletica, upon the general ptdijcct of llu; Ukasi', tht'K(^ new. and, I must ihiidc, uiicxpeited, iu'eteiiHionH of the United StateN are vi ry likely to render a Hatielaetory adjustment of the IjusineKH — a matter of more dilli(udiy than I at lirnt apjirehendi'd. A full disavowal hy liussia of her pretension to an exehisive niaritinu! juriKdietion in tho North I'aeiHe Ocean will, I have no douht, he obtained; but 1 am Ntront>ly inclined to believe that tliiH (iovernnient will not easily be brounht to acknowledge the justice of any claim of tho United States to any part of the leriitory in (juistion north ot the 51st degree, and I am still more strongly inclined to believe tliat, a division once made, this Government will never peimit the United States, if they can prevent it, either to fish, settle, or trade with the natives within the limits of tho territory which may be allotted to Hussia. I take this opportunity of inelosing to you a copy of tho note whieh I received from Count XcR'.elrode the day before he lelt St. Petersl)m'gn, acqiiainting nu' that the Emperor had appointed M. I'oletiea to enter into ])reliminary diseusBiou with Jlr, Middleton and my.'y ami with the adviee and eonsent of the Senate of the I'nited States, if the same shall he given. In testimony whereof I have eauRed the k d of the United States to lie hereunto affixed. Ciiven under my hani\t, 1H2H. KN fjuittaiit Saint-Petershourp;. I'Emiierenr m'a eliargc d'anuoneer ii votre Kxeelienee ;e, elle nvoih autorise -M. ]r (Jonteiller d'Ktnt Actuel de Poleticu a entanier avee vous, M. rAmlinssadeur, des pourparlers relatifs aux diftcrendB (]ui se Hont eleves entre la Hussic et I'Angleterro, a la suiti; du nouveau Reglonieiit donne a hi Conipagnio Russe-Americaino par I'OukaHe de Sa JIajeste Iniperiale en date du 4 (1(J) Septeinbro, 1821. Ces pourparlers nurout ])our but de preparer lea voies I'l I'ajustcmcut definitif de ces diflercudB, €t jo no doute point (pi'ils ne fueilitent ee resultat pi vivemcnt desire par rFmpereiu'. Jo saisis, S:c. (Signe; NESSELRODE. (Translation.) Mr. Ambassador, -SV. I'difuhnrii/i, AnuuKt 22, 182.3. On leaving St. Petorsburgli the Emperor charged m(^ to announce to your Excellency thuf, having directed me to follow him on his journey, he had autiiorized Active ('ouiicillor-of'-Stato de Poletica to treat with you, Mr, Ambassador, in regard to the differences wlii;:h have arisen between Russia and England, in cousecpience of the new Regidatiuiis given to the Rnssiiin- Amerii:an Company by the Ukase of His Imperial Majesty of the '1th (I(!tli) St')itember, 1821. The object of these negotiations will bo to prepare tiie way for the permanent adjustment of these differences, and I do not doubt that they will facilitate that result which is so oaniestly tlesired by the Emperor. 1 take, &c. (Signed; NESSELRODE. No. 24. M, Poletica to Count Nesselrode. — {liece.ived Novembfv 7 (!'.•/) M. le Cointc, Snint-Pi'terKho ivi/, !e 3 A'orfiiihrc. 1823. IMMEDIATEMENT apresqne votre Excellence ent (piitte Saint-Petersbourgau nioinsd'Aoftt dernier, jo m'occupais de I'e.xecution des ordros q^ui m'ont eto traces ilaiis rofliee Jliiiistoriel on (iM'' ii liiirt' iIch cdikm RsiiiiiH (|I1iIc()Iii|I1ih, soit MUX Auj^liUM, Hiiit mix Ainnii'iiiiiH, HoiiH Ic ia|i|Hirt (111 coinmcri't' vt dc la h.i\ i;;utii>ii diniH Icm limitiH dc urn iKissisHinnH n ciiiiiiiiis ; • iircllc t'tiiit, an ((iiitrairi'. rci'mcnniit diciilrc ii s'l n rrscivi r rcxiildiditimi cxclilNivc. el ciltd «i«''ti'nniniili(iii dc nn imit iii<'riti' dT'tri' r('Mmi<|U('f, vii (pi't'lli' I'lrnicrii, Kcldii tontcH Ich prulniliililrH, 111 ]ii'iiMi|mlt.' ct nu'inr riiiii<|iu' dilliciilti'' iIiuim la m'-gociution avi'c ]c (iouvi'riiL'iiniit. dcH KtiitH-l'ni» U'Aini'rii|iU'. Muni dc ccH duniiocN, i\\\'\ (•(iniiilctluicnt los dircctionM ct les amplcH roiiHci>;'ni!ni('nH ipii in'ont. cte I'diirnis par Ic .Ministric [niju'iial. jf clicrcliai ii inc inctlii' en )iii>)>(iit avci' \c Clii'valici- liiigof ft Mr. Mid.llctnn. I/Knvovt' Anii'iiraiii, sr timivaiit rn villr, I'lit lo jinniitr ijiic j'allai vuii'. .Ic Ini Iih cc livrcr a hii prciirc iin|intieiicc, d'ciitrcr anssit(*»t I'li nmti('re avec nioi, initc (riiistiiicticiiH di'linitivcs Ktii- cct iiniicriant ol'jct, dc la pait dc Kon Oouvcincincnt ; ([n'il Ich Httcndait inc'-NHamiiicnt. ct qn'iiUHKiti't iiu'cllis In! scrnient iiaiveiiiics, il H'cmprcH.si'iait dc nio lo faiic savcii'. DanH lo conrant du la ccnvcivatidii, Mr. Middlctcn nic fit entendre, (jnu Ini ct rAniliassadenr d'Aiinlct( irc (''taient coiivciiiih dc fr. tciiir, pimr ainsi dire, jiar la main daiiH ccttu paitic de 111 n(''j;(iciati(in (pii aiiia trait a la (|neHliiin de l.i iiiiidietiini niiiritiine. II I'-tait (lair, (ra])r(''H la k'iiounc dc I'Mnvoyi'' Anu'ricain, (|iic tonic deiiiarclic nitcriciir dc nia part iiiiineH de Ini .seiait Miiicifliic. jiis(|ii'a I'ariivuc dcH instrnctidiis ijiril attcndait. .Ic iiriHannsi lo jmrii de me tcnir j)iuraitcniciil traii(|niilc a sdii ('•i;'ard. ( 'e i'nt il jien jm'^s vers Ic iii('mc Icms ([iie je vis ]idiir la iircniii'ic IViiH r,\mi)asNadour d'Aiiglct(.r)o h an (.'ampa^'iic. 1,1' Clievalicr Uaf^ot nic vc(;tit avec la pdlitesKc la jiliiH tranche. VA i|iioi()iril no jiieca paw a jiropos iidii pliiH dc H'cxplii|iur initreniciit (pi'cn termed ycncranx hit rall'airc ipic iidiiH avidim i\ discntcr cnsenihlc, koii liin,na,t;'c ct Ic ton ([n'il y a inis indi()naient claircnicnt Ics dih-positidiiH li-s plus cdnciliaiitcy. II nic eeiilirniii c(^ (pic Mr. Middletoii ni'avdit dit, conccrmint ieiir aeeurd do Hiiivrc en cdinmun la (picstidn de la jiiridiclidii niaiiliinc. Lc ( 'licvalicr liaent it init jiisiprii sdn rctdiir en viik', (jni 'levait .'H'oir lien daii.s niic (|iiiii/aino dc jdiirs, le eommeneeincnt lie iidH ))diirp;irlers en loriiie. I'lU'ectivciiicnt Ic Mirlcndcmain de kou rt'tonr (n ville, r.\mlias>;adenr (V.\ii,:;lctcrro vint nic rciidrc sa visitc, qui k' pasHa en pnrcH civiliti's; cc)ieiidaiit, il miiisinna (pie Ics iidiivellcs innlrnclidnK do -Mr. .Middlctoii ii'i'taiit point tiicorc nrrivi''(s. il Hcrait cdiivciialilc d'attendre cncdi'o (jiieNpic terns. tjlnel(pi( s joiir.'< ai)ri'8 jVim riioimoiir dc diner cliiv. IWiidiassadi^nr l)ritantii(|ne. Au sortir do tiililo il nic prit ti r(''cart pour nio dire, iprcn attcndaiit Ich iiLstiuelioiiH (pic Mr. .Middlcloii ii'avoit point encore i'ei,'UOM. rien m^ nous cmpiT'cliait d'ahorder la (|iicstidii ti'nitorialo t'l hnpicllc Ics Aini'iicaiiiH ctaicnt en (]nc](pic fa(;oii ctraiii^jcrs. II nio proposait on conseipicnoc do passor clicsa luol nil jdiir (pii scHiit a iiotrc convcnanco nintncllc. Tdiiles lues instances poiu" oiif;;agci' lc Chevalier Ha^'dt u iiic rcecvoir die/, Ini diit (!'to iuutilcs. An jdiir cdiiveini, lc 2 Octolirc dernier. Sir Charles r)aj;iit vint nic tnuivcr vers niidi. 11 dclmta par iiic dcniander si, dans lc cas (pi'il nie coniinnniipierait niic propdsitidii sial-cifupio (piclcdiKpie relative ii hi (piclidii tcrritdrialc. j'i'tais antdiisi' a lui dd-dar r (pic cetic pidpcsitiiiii »iciait a^'icaMc on n(n an (iduverucnioiit InipiMial. .lc lepoiidis aussit(*it a r.Vinhassaih'in- l'.ritanni(pi(^ (pic lucs iiiHtrnotions no nic permcttaicut aiiciuic di'claratidii ])dsitivo a cct (!'};ard ; (prdlcs IC lidrnaiont uniipicmcnt a me ])oniiottre do discntcr ccailidentidlcmcnt soit nvcc Ini, soit, ave.' Mr, Middlcton, r«tfiiiic dont il s'an'it. do lenr t'onrnir lontcs hs cxplicatidii (\uv cottc (liscnssidii ponvrait me suj>'p;(irer : ct cda ihins la viic dc t'acilitcr la iit'j;;>eiiilidn diri'ote ot forMicll(! Idi>(prcllc vicndrait a I'trc ctalilic apii's Ic retnur dc Sa Majcsti'' Inip(''rialo ; ipic cik lidurparlcrs piclimiiiaires, (pic j'avais (''t(' aiitdiise a entamcr avcc Ini ct Mr. .Midillctoii, avaieiit; pnrii au ( iduverncmciit Iiii]ierial nii nidycii coiivciiablo d'acci^'lia'cr la ni'-gooiatioii dirccto et il'alire^ir Ics (li.-?cnssidiis siilis('(picntes ot les ijcriturcs, on tant qu'il scrviroit a i'airo coiinaitic «ruvancc h's viicH iH(''ni''ralcs dcs ( iouvornoineii-; r( sju'ctit's snr I'athiiro ( I'il s'agissait d'avraiigor ; qu'il t."cn siiivait I'ar eonxijipieiit (pic je nc pouvais aoencillir aiitrcuKnt toiite proposition ipii temit ailtreinclit toiitc (pi'cn la preuant (kI n'j'crciKlinii, i'u point oxpli(iud. lo ('licvalicr ISaj^'ot ni'iiitcrpclla do lui faire eonnaitrc (picllo scroit, dans la, peiiseo (in (ionvei-iicinent Impi'riid, la lig-ne do separation outre iio.s possessions sur la ct'ite iiord- •mest d(.' I'Ainiiriqiie et eelles ipie rAng-lofenc sc eroyait en droit de rovondiquer. Je cms (ju'il convenait iniciix d'aborder fraiiehcmcnt hi question. Laissant done lc et'ilcj les eiiconlooutioiis, que le (louvevnement Imptjrial oroirait avoir satist'ait a toutes Ics concessions, (pie ril'(dainait sii inoder.itiiui et son vit' dc-sir do niaintonir la bonne intelligenco avce tontes les Puissances etrangeres, en lixaiit la liniite cntre les possessions Kus.scs et Anghiiscs au iW^ dei^^re do latitude et en doniiant pmir loiifijitude telle ligiie ipii, dans son prolongeinont en lig'iie druite vei'.s le pole, laisf-eroit la Kiviere MaeUciizie en dehors do la t'rontierc Husse. Lo Clievali(?r IS'igot me lepondit, apres avoir ril-Hd'ohi iiii moment, (]ue lc point de demarcation, ° de latitude, nV'toient rien moins (pie bien (itablis; que Is soul titre legitime de toute poftcEsiou territoriale etoit, d'apies I'avis dew publieistes Anghji"}. 20 Aiiii'ri<'aiiio AiiR'i'iciiiiiH, 1 1'l'ciinniK'H; Vf, ct Cl'tto [ii'iiljiiliiliti'H, s l'",liitK-riiiH IS (|iii iii'oiit li.M ('(inimiti'K iiiiL' iimiiirii^ iivcni(.'iii(iin ( '(iiiipiij^iiiL' icdiip ill' no •O ll\ L'C llltii, lit ; ((u'il li'H ait lie 1110 lo CIIIL' llli C't 1 llllllK Cctto I'ifiir do ma, \n\» mmsi lo I'Aii^lctonc! jiij;-! a pan k iiH avimm a [XlHJlidll.S loH r acciinl du- 10 ([uiiizuiiio iiuiii do Kdii i:\ on plU'os 'otaiit point \u Kiiitir do Inn n'avoit a((iiollr los lasftor clu'ji lliii Dill oto s iiiidi. 11 sjioi'ifupio [livopi.sitioii liihaHsadour (■(■t of;ard ; ^oo lui, Koif, <|UC^ cotto dinolo ot ' ; ([110 otK III, avaioiit; diiooto ot, coniiaitio iVarningor; iwitioii qui |iit, dans la, poto nord- cniH (ju'll lilooutioiis, 'laniait Bti, 'uissancos lo latitude Irs lo jiole^ Inarcatioii, [uiu fixoiv f opinions lo la ooto In d'tabliH; Is Angloi*. ct I»nra IioiinnrH do lol qn'on ii confiultoH, non In proniioro ilucouvorto on mc>iiie la iniwo do ri()woHni(iii soioii loH nncionnoM t'ornialitc's uhIIooh par !( s iiavipdoiiiH, inain roooiipnlion |iriitii|Uo lioH tciTitoii'oN noiivollonioiit docoiivoilK ; ipio cotto pniivo do dmit niiin(|Uuit mix tiliVH piddiiits iiiH(prii pioHiiil par la HiikmIo, a roxoo|((iiiii di' i'l'taipliNsoinoiit do \ovi)-Arcliaii^;(lnk, (pii no dalo "fniitot'ois .jho doptiis riiniu'o 1S()2 mi ISUll. A I'appiii d.' oo ipTil voiioit do mo diio, jo ( 'liovalior BiiKot iiio lut uiio opinion do rAvooat dii Itoi a l.oiidiiN, oonoiio diiiiH lo hoiih (pi'il avoit onoiioo ; et poni' 1110 di'inoiitror quo loH pivtoiitioiiH do la itiisHio I'l In poNNcsni Ioh pointH aii-dosM.iiM du iW do latitude siir la dito coto otolont d'uiio (.nj;;iiio tios vooonlo, rAniliasNadoiir liiiliiiiiiii|no nu» fit la lootiiro do (piolipii'H piooo.s do la con'oNpondiinoo rc|ni out lion on 17'.l(») oniro lo I '(unto di> J . 1 ^ ijii ,ijf)\'.,.,,|„l qui Hotoit <''!ov6 loiiH, lor fit la lootiiro (lo <|iiolipii'H J Florida llliinoa il Mr. I'itziiorliort, dopiiiH i,oiil St. 11 ^ oiitio rKupaniio of r.\ii)Alitorio an sniot do Noolka Sound (v..yo/, "rAniiual liouMftor" do raiinoo ■•■'"" ■ ' •. !• • 1 ^: - . ,1,, In IT'.IO, pp. :i!tl' ;illl). Cotto o(irroK|)onilMii.'i>, rjimiit Mr. Ilaj;nt. contoiioit d'aiiros Ioh assort I'lMir do .Madrid, iiiio roociiiiioisi.anoo oxiilioilo, di' la pari do la l.'usHiu, don (In.itH i\y ^l•".^)l ( I Jueqn an Am pour iiauiio a Ilk (oRNosHinii t\i' la ooto iionl-ouost do r.\iiiori(pii> dcpiiis la pointo do la Calirornio do rK^pa 111" ijo latitii'lo iiioliisixciiiont. 'IIO iillioii ill' ci: raison iic'iiiont, r.\niliasKMilour |{ritaniiiiino Hiispoiidit lirMNi|iioiiiint la disoiiHsiiin ini; (lire, ipio Hon ( iiaivoiiioiii I aviilt, apros toiil, lilillo iiili'iition lo traitor In (inostioii toiritorialo d'apivs Ioh priiioi|)c'H ali.strait.s dii droit pnlilio ot ooliti di s goiis ; (pio (.'t^ .soroil lo uoivoii do roiidro la discuKsion intorniinalilo ; (pio lo (.'aliinot do Loiidros alt''iidoit nil rosn Hal ilim tiKlaisant pour Ioh doux I'lirtioH iiitorosHooK d'lin mTiingoiiiunt k rainuildo ipii no Hiroit Imso quo la oonvt.'iiaiioo rooiproipio, ot (pio cV-toit dans oot osprit quo hob instnictionH uvo:oiit et6 HII Hur tract'os. Jo ivpondiM a Sir CliarloH nafj;nt quo daiiM la qiioNtioii doiit il H'aj:,'it antant ipH' jo pmivoiH jiroin^cr i ■ r los (Hi ispositiiin.s du ( iiiiivoniiiiioiit linpoi I' oroyniH piiiivoir ]iroiidi iioi lie I assuror, i tillSUl to d( I'air jn'ollos aooordoioiit iiarliiitiinont avoo 'joIIoh dii ( aliiiiot do Londros. ,\i) \t: pr ardiiiioiit sur III! iinoitio lo point do donmroatiun, ipU' snw ( louvornoiiunt jiij^ooil divoir H(jparor Ioh jxisscssions rospootivos sur la (oti^ nord-Dili .'U do r.\niori([i lo, I.oC liagiit, so niottaiit alors h la oarto Hvot;rapliiipio iplo ihuih avimis Hoiis los yoiix fraoa dossuw, aveo son doiji^t, niio ligno qui ooiiiiiioii(,'oit an >•)( (lo latitiido ot diMit rintoiNi'otiiin dosif^'iiait lo l.'i;")° do l(iiij;itiido, nn'ridioii d(^ (iroonwioli, proois(!'iiioiit an imint on doit no Innivoi' iioti'o otaldiHSoinont do N'ovo-Aroliiinf;'olsk, Cotto (K'liiaroation laissoroit a oo-ip sur uii os[iaoo omisidijrulilo cntro los points do liniit(!rt iiidiipios do p,irt ot d'aiitro Iiun iik'iiio ijuo lo (iiiuvonionu'iit Iniporial so dt'oidoroit, dans rintoirt. lo la oonoiliatinii a lairo reiuoiifor la lijijno do diMiiaroatinn an !^>'t° tU' latilndo. ti lo Ijll ol ivoit Hi' d(' Ola doHi;;-iiio daiiH I'aolo d'inonrpnration aooordil' a notro Coinpaf^nio .Viiie'rioaino on 17'.)',) par I uuuu.s 1 to pr(''d(''0( .-sour do Sa .Majosti' Iiiipi';rial( le oruH devoir ro)iiindro an Ciiovalier liaj;cit qu'il avoit liion raison do trnuvor <\\U' nous i!'ti()im un ct I'aiitro 1( oil! do iiotro ooiiipti 11 oiilnvovoiH luuiino cmisK lt)rat li'll IIUl ( lut pour ma ))art. j'eii (''tais d'autant ])lns piniu'. (]iio j o lo ( nuiveriioinen t 111 a I'l'onler u's iiniito.s do sos pnssos,sioiis sur la ooto iiord-ouest do r.\nierii)UO, do 2 do;:;r(''s an dola nu'iiie dii point indiquo- dans la Cliarto do I'Kii P ;\ul I, it il vient dotro (picslion. lui liB (il)soivor (pio si I'Kdit du 4 Sopteinbro, 1.S21, avoit pu lilcssor los intorots ooloiiiaux ct inaritiiius do ipiolipios I'uissanoos otraiij^oros, on h'ost eiiiprossi; clioz iiouk, aux [iroiiiionH roolaiiiatioiiH cpi o III ions out fait parvonir, d( puspeii dro los dii '!>' itions de oot lOdit. ot spooialoniont oolles qui donnoiont lo ]iliis do priso a ocs rooliiniatimiN quo dans Ics oxplioations siitjs(''quontcs', lo (louvoriieiiiont Inqiorinl a oonstaniniont nianit'ostij Ion iiitontions los plus conoiliantos ; qu'il (!'toit di^]los('' a lairo toiitos los oonoossions roolaiiii;os ]iar la justico, ot dans I quoslimi (los liiiiitis torritoriali s ot dans oollo relative a la j'uriiliotinn niaritiiiio. Mais (|n'i auroit natiirollonii'iit heauooup ( .'pu iiaiieo a so tiossaisir d iiiio Inn 1' ite o'talilio pur la (Jliarto il I'atil I. ot s^anofionnoo on quolqiio f'aoon par uiio possossion non oontostoo d'onvinui un quart do sioolo. La dito (Jliavte n'ayant point ctti ollieiolleiiient coiniiiiini([ia'0 dans lo toins aux Puissam os I'traiigoros, je no in'olistinorai point t'l smitonir (disai.s-jo) (^u'ollo constituHt un droit jiarf'ait. Mais qu'il n'(!'toit pas nioiiis vr;ii (|iio los Piiissanoos tJtra!i}j;oros no pouvoiont i^noror roxistonoo do oetto Cliarto, ot quo dopuis I'tqaapio de sa pulilioation on Uiissio, jusqu'a oello do I'lvlir du 4 So|)toiiibre, olio n'n donin; lieu a aiiouno roolaniatioii du lour part. Jo doiiiandois on suite au (liovalior J5a<;'ot s'il no rooonnoissait pas liii-im'nio quo oe seroit vouloir imjiosor un sacrifioo trop sensiVilo k la dif^nitij du 'Jouvornoiiiont Inini'-rial quo do prcjtoiidro qu'il diso aujiunriini k sis projiros sujots : '• Nous voiis mons laiss(''s oroiro dojniis vinj;t-dou.x ans quo los liniitos d(i uos possossions sur la oi'ite nord-ouost do I'.VnuMMipio s'l'-toii- doiont dopuis le jlotroit do Jiorin<^ jusqu'uii 5,i° do latitudo : oli bion,nous vous disons nuiintenant quo o otoit lino orrour ot (pie la liinito ineridionalc doit s'arrotor au 57^, paroo (pi'on vioiit di' nous (l(!'nioiitror quo lo torritoiro (pio dopasso ootto liniito no nous a jamais appartonu." Finaloniont jo jiriai lo (,'liovalior Hagot d'obscrvor, quo dans toiito (^otto afl'airc il no pouvoit etro quostioii, pour la Kiissio, que do eoiu.'ossions; qu'eii r(.'pla9ant les liinitoa do sos possossions 8ur 1(.' continent d'AiiR'iiqui' au .'15° (si toutofois Ic Guuvornoment Inipt'rial e'y doterminoit, oo quo jo no poiivois prondro sur iiioi do proSBontir) ct on modifiant siiniiltanomont son prinoipo de juridiotion inaritiine, la Kussio satisfosoit non Bculoniont aux diisirs raisoniiablos do tons los gons mod(!'i('s on Anjjflotorrc, mais (ju'cllo fermeroit aussi la bouclie aux dijclainateurs exag(!'ios du parti do I'opiio.sitioii, (pii no oossont d'entrotonir lo public, soit dans los nouvollos du jour. soit dans le.s seances du Parlemciit, de ce qu'ils appellcnt I'ambition demesurco do la Kus.si Car il seroit alors indubitable que Ics resultats inaterieli tons a I'avantago de I'Anglotono, inateriels ct moraux do la nugociation ecroient L Ambns.sadeur d'Anglcterie parut sentir le poids do cen considerations ct ne fit niemt. [437] I 30 aucinii' (lillitultr (rayoucr .|u'il Iim Innivtiit [iliuiHilili'H. 11 nic ri'poiKlit, «t)iilif'oiH. ii(rr(iiii (Ir dciix liciiicN ct dciiiif, inniH iidiiH MonmicM ri'iipnicpu'- iiiciil iiivilrH 11 ii'llc'cliir Hiir Icm (iliittH i\r iiiptrc diNcUHNinii. .lajinitai, I'li dt'Tiiiilil', (pic liicii ipi« iiiiim liiKsitJiiH liijii d'l'trr diiicmd hiir la ipirHtinn tirrilciriidi'. jc la Ni(iim u'^pcetivcH line t'ois etalilii s. ikhih NciioiiH parlaileiiiciit les iiiailroH (1 iiitre(liiire, daim Ic tirritoire (pii iieim k( la d(''V(i|ii, IcIh l\'''gleinciin ailniiniKtiiitil'M (pin niitre propria sa^fcNse iioim luiiii nii;;x'''<''*<— ''''Ht ii-dirc* (pi'il iioiis wora parFaitiineiit lilirti d'adiiii'ttrc daiiH imH parafj,cs la imvigatioii elraiij^ere, im liieii de iieiis en n'-Hcrver I'XeliiKi .•eineiit. ri'Xplditiition. I/AinliuHMadeiir d'Aiif^K'tcrre ine deelara do plus ipi'ii eet ('•,ij:ard khii (muivi'iih lie nl no eongt-ait a so ni(!'iiaf;(.r atieiiiie cxeepfioii en t'aveur dcH sujeirt l!rilanni(pieH. 'I'dut en iii'expli(piant le'i iiidtilH ipii Old engage le (loiiveriieinent liiitaiiiii(pie ii fairc. pour aiiisi dire, caiisd cdniinunu avee Km AiiH'iieniiiH, daiiH la (piesljon ilo la jniidietioii luiiritinie, iiidtiCs ipio le Clievalii I' Hngot (lit avoir eoiiiiniiiii(pi('s a votn^ I'.xeellence, il convenait avi c iiioi do la manierc la plus exiilicile (|iie la (pit ^^tidn tei rildiiale nc regardait nullcniciit lea AnierieaiiiK. Mais il pciiKait, coinnie iinii, ipn ees il( riiiera eherclioi'dnt ii olitenir de iintis la reediinoisKaiiri^ du ee (pi'iis pit'teiident ("tre nil aiK.'iin droil ii eiix apparteiiaiit, inii sculeinciil: de iiavigmr litircnieiit daiiH iioH para;;es, iiiais aiit^si de tralii[iier avee les iiatiirolH du pM\H. Ldi'Mipie j'dlisorvai an ('licvulicr iJagot ipie fo. ligiie tie di'iiuireatioii iidiis ciilevait. dU liv tdtalitu, du la laeilleiire inoitii' de I'ile de Sniiit-Ueorgcs, autreiiieiit Sitka (saiif erreiir). il nio )>arla d'liii dijildniiiiagcineiit pi'cniiiaire junir les peitcs que ikuis iionrrioiis y essuver. Jc ii'ai pas erii devoir ine perniettru iii ircueoiiia;ier, ni de njetttr cette insinuation : jo la passai done BtuiN Hileiiee, J,e Kiirlciuleinain de eetle entrcvuo. Sir Cliarlis iiagot est revenue eliez nioi dans la matiia'o })()ur uut dire (pie I'dlijet de sa visito (''tait iiin(pit>nieiit de rc(;ti(ier une eneiir iii\ HJdiitairo (pi'il 4ivoit eoinniiHu en piirliiiit du 137°, taiidis (pi'il eiiteiidait lo I'M)'. ri'ianslatidu.) f'mitit, S/. I'l'hishuriih, iWifeiiibcr i\, 1X2^. Iniinediately afl'r your Exeelleiiey lelt St. I'etcrsburgli, in the inoiitli of August limt, I ]aueeeded to tlits execution df the tirders which were given ine in tlio ]>epartnieiit en tlu; lt (d cDiitiiliulc, rvcii iiidiriMlly, to till' iciinival of tin- (lift'i'iriiciH I liml iirim'll l)i't\vri>?i (he (\mi ( iuVi'l'liliifhtH nii f Ih> hiiIiJi rt of till' iiH'MHintM tiiUi'ii liy UN tci iirnti'it the tliieufcni'il iulciiHtM ul'niir Aim lii'im ('iim|miiv. Mr, Midillrtnii n)ili('il. iidcr tlin timiiil (•(lurfcHicH, tliiit In' jjii iitly rrn'rctlrd llmt. lie coiiM nut, at tliiil liim', iiidiili^c lii-i to oiiti'i- ii|)>iii llic niiIiJi'iI, willi nm ut (iium-, iin Im liml no jiimitivi' iiiMtnii'liiiiiH finni liin (•nvcniiiiont on tliin iiii|iortMnt )« int; tliat lio wiin I'xpi'ctin^ tlirni ;'rn'.'rMl torm** upon the miittoi' whiili \v<' wcro to dinciiHH toj^ctliLT, lii.M lannnan'i' and tlio tom,' which ho iiKod cli'aily indicali'd tlio inost coii- t'iiiitoi'y HcntimcntH. Ho ijorrolioratcd what Mr. Middlilon had told mi' conrcrnin;;' tlicir jij^iccnicnt to net in concci't on tliu i|m'Ktion ofiliLi nimitimt' jmitMJictioii. Chi'Vaiii'i' I'>af;'ot |iost|ioiicd tho romnnaii'i'mi'iit of oiu' iii';;iitiatiiins in rc^'nlar fonu nnlil hiH ri'tmn to the rity, whicii wiiiihi Im wilhiii a foitnii^hl. Accoidinniy. two davH allrr hi.s icliun to tlic city, the Mn^iliMh AmliaNNiidor paid me a visit, which jiasHi'd in mcii' civilitii's, Imt ho intimated Ihiit aH Mr. .Middlcton'.s new iiisliiiciiiins had imt yi't arrived it wonld he rroper to \vnit snmc timo lon^jer. Somo dayH alterwiudH I iiad the honour to dine at the ISrilish AmhaNsadois. I poii ieavin);' tho tahle, ho took me aside lo tell iim' that, while awuitin;;- the in.stni 'tionH which Mr. Middletoii hail not yet received, thero wim nolhinj;' to pre\ent onr diKciis.'-inf'' tho teiiitorial i|ueHtiori. to which the Anien<'anN were, in a nieaHiire, stian;;ers. He thrrel'oi'i! jiropoMcd to nio that ho Hlmnld f^'o to my honse on some day that would Huit \\n hotli. All my elfortH to imlnco the Chev.'ilicr liai;'ot to receive me at his house were in vain. On the day lixed, the :.'iid (Jctoher last. Sir Charlis lia^'ct callid on me at ahoiit noon. Ho lici^an hy aKkin^- nu' whethrv. in the event that I onuiinnic.ited to nm any speeillt.' prop( silioii whatever relative to the te'.riterial (piestion, I wan aiilliori/ieil to tell him whether that proposilion would or would not ho aeeeptal le to the lm[)i rial (lovernment. I immediately riplied lo tlm J'ritisli Amliassador that my iijstruelioiis did not pirmit me to make any positive declaration on the sulijeet ; that they were sim|ily conilned to pi riiiittiii|j; mi' to discuss the njatter in (pieslion eoididentially either with him or with Mr. .Middleton, to furnish them with all the explaniitiouH that tho diKcussion mi;;;lit suf;',u;est to me; and this with a vie u- to lacilitatin;^ the direet. and formal iief;'otiatioim when they should eomo to ho instituted after the return of Hi.s Imperial Majesty ; that thoHo preliminary discunsionH which I had lieen authori/.ed to liej^in with him and Mr. Middloton, had appeared to the imperial {iovemment to he a suitahle iiie.ins of haHlcniiif;' tlu» direct nej;'otiationH and of shortening' tho Huhse«iiient discussiniis and the writin^i^s, in so l.-ir as they Would m.ike known liel'orehand the fj;encral views of the r(specti\e (lovermm'utH as to tho matter which was to he settled: that it followed, coniiecpmntly, i|i,'it ! enuld iml entertain any j)ro}ii'silion otherwise than liy lakin;;' it m/ rcfi'irinliim. This point having;' heen explained. Chevalier l>aj;(it reipiesleil me to inform him what, in tlm opinion of llu' Imperial (ii)V<'rnnjent, should ho tho line of separation hetweeii our |ios.-ii;ssio]i.s (.n the north-west coast of America and thoso which Mngland tliouj;lit herself I'ntltled to claim. I thon{!;ht that it wonld he hetter to meet tho (piestion frankly. ( 'onse(pi('ntly, avoiiHn;;; eircuiu- hicutioim (I said), that the Imperial tiovernment would think that it had made all tlie eonee.ssioiin reipiired hy its moderation and its earnest desire to maintain a >^inii\ nnderst.'indinf;; with all foreij^n Powers hy fixing' the honndary hetween the Itussian and ]'",nj;'li>li po.'ist'S.M.ms at the ."ilth deereo ot latitude, and hy ^'ivin;;' for the lon.^itiide siuli a Iim.' a.s in its iiioioi|H;ation in a strai^'ht lino towanl tho pole would leave the Mackenzie River outride of tho liussian fmnlii-r. Chevalier J>ai;ot, alter a moment's relleclion, replied that the jioint of demareatini which f liad ju.'-t desi^'nated was Very far from heinfj; that which his (lovernnienf wouhl have wished to lix. He then told me that, aceordinj;' to (di the researches which hud Lieen made in I'liii^'land, and the opinions expressed hy the most learnod lawyers, th(^ ri,i;lit of Russia to the ]>osse,ssioii of the north-west coast of America helow tho (idth de>.',reo of latitude wa.s anything hut well established ; llmt tho only lef>;itimate title to any territorial possession was, aoeonlinji,' to tho ojiinion of tho lMif:;lish puhlicists and that of tho lawyers who had been consulted, not tho first discovery, nor even tho taking possession in aecordunco with tln.i ancient fminalitios used by navigators, but tho aetu.'d occupation of the newly-discovered territories; that this proof of the rij;ljt was wanting in the evidence! produced up to the present time by Russia, with tho exception of tho establishment of \ovo-Archangolsk. which, liow(!Vir, only ilate.s from tho ye ir IS()L' or ISillJ. In support of what he had just told me, (,'hevalier IJagot read mo an o)'inion of the Kings Counsel, in i^iondon, drawn up in tho sense which ho had slated ; and, to )irove to me that the claims of Russia to tho possession of the points below tho llDlh degree of latitiulo on the said c.iast were of very recL-nt orij;in, tho British Andjiissador read lo me some portions of ttio eorrospondesice (which occurred in 171*0) between (,'ouiit Florida Blanca and jMr. Fitzherbert, afterwards Lord St. Helens, at the timo of tho difVerenco which had arisen Ijotween Spain and England with regard to N'ootka Hound fseo the "Annual Register"' for 17iM), pp. 292-1301). '.'his correspondence, siid Mr. Bagot, contained, iiceording to the assertions of the Court of Madrid, an explicit recognition on the part of liussia fir as I ccmld foresee the views of I lie Imperial Govermnent, I believed that I could take npon mysL-lf boMly to iissure liiiu that they were in jierfect agreement with those of the (Jabinct of London. I thru asked him to tell me the point of demarcation which, in the o}iinion of his (lovernmeut, ougiit to divide the resjjci^tive possessions on the north-west coast of America. Ciievalier Bagot then placed himself before the geographical map which we had at hand, and traced upon it with his iinger a line beginning at the .")7tli degree of latitude, the intersection of wliich designated the VM)ih ilegree of longitude west of Grsenwicii, jjrecisely at the point Avhere our establishment of Xovo-.Vrchangelsk appears to be. This demarcation would certairdy leavr a consideralilo space between tlie boimdariiis designated on both sidi.'s, even if the Imperial (Jovermnent should decide, in thi^ interests of conciliation, to bring tlu' line of demarcation up tr) the r).")tli d'.gree of latit\ide, as it had already been iixed in the act of incorporation granted to our American Company in 17'Ji) by His Imperial Majesty's august predecessor. I thouglit it my duty to tell Chevalier Bagot in reply that he l;ad good reason to say tiiat we were both greatly out in our reckoning; that for my ii;irt I regretted it the more because I could see no consideration that could induce tlu^ Imperial (Jovernment to draw back the boundaiy of its possessions on the north-wfst coast of ^\merica 2° beyond the point men+ioned in the Ciuirter of the Emperor Paul I, which has just been referred to. I rrinarked that if the Edict of 4th September, 1S21, had been detrimental to the colonial and maritime interests of any of the foreign Powers, we had hastv.'ned, at the first remonstrances which thoy had add'.essed to us, to suspeml the execution of the provisions of that Edict, especially those whlcii gave mf)st cause for tlmse remonstrances; that in the subsequent exi)lana- tions tlio Imperial (tovernment const'oitly manifested the most conciliatory intentioiis ; that it was disposed to make all the cimces-siiuis which justice requirc'l. both upon the question of the territorial boundaries and upon that of the maritinu^ jurisdiction ; but that it wonld naturally be very nnv.iiling to abandon a boundary ehtaVilis'icil by the Charter of Paul I and confirmed, to Bome extent, by an undisputed possession of about a quarter of a century. As the said (Jharter was not at that time officially communicated to the foreign l''^"'ers, I will not persist in maintaining, said I. that it constitntes a (A' farto right ; but that it was none the less true that the foreign Powers ctmld not have been ignorant of the existence of that Charter, and that from the time of its promulgation in Pussia to that of the Edict of the 4th September [1821], it had not occasioned tiuy jjrotest on their part. 1 then askeil Chevalier Bagot whether he did not himself admit that it would be attempting to impose too great a sacrifice upon the dignity cif the Inqierial (.iovevnnient to require it to say now to its own subjects : "■ Vo have .allowed yon to believe for twenty-two years past that the boundaries of our jiossessions on the north-west coast of America extended from Bering Strait to the 5.")th degree of latitude; well, we tell you now that it was a ml.-;ake, and that the sonthern boimdary must stop at the 57th degree, because it has just been proved to ns that that boundary never belonged to us." Lastly, I requester! Chevalier B.igot to take notice that in this whole matter, as far as Russia v/as coneerned, it could only be a (piestion of concessions ; that by replacing the boundary of her possessions on the continent of Anun-ica at the 5r)th degree (pr-vided .always that the Imperial (iov(;rmneut decided to do so, which I could not take upon myself to predict), an'l by modifying at the same time her the, ry of :iiaiitime jurisdiction Huesia not only complied with the reasonable wishes of all moderate |)eople in hhiglarid, but that she would also nilence the extravagant declaiiners of the opp:>=!''' jii party, who were incessantly haranguing the public, either in the daily p.i pels or in tlu; sessions of Parliament, about what they call the unbounded ambition of llussia. For there would then be no doubt that the material and moral results of the negotiationi* would all be to the adv.mtage of England. The l\nglij?h .Vmbassador seenieil t.j feel tlie weight of cheso arguments, and did not hesitate to admit that h<> thought them plausible. He leplied, however, that his instructions did :iot authorize him to agree to any other line of demarcation, and that consequently he 'ii.d no other course to take than to await further instructions from his tJovernment. Upon separating, afti.'ran interview of two hours and a-lialf, wo each requested the other to reflect on tlie subjects of onr discusfiion. I added, in subatanee. that although we were far from ngreeiiig upon the territorial qnestinn, I still thought that we had made some progress, and that it was susceTitible of an easy and speedy settlement, were it only owing to the candour which we had both disfilayed in our way of discussing it, and thr.t this lieginning was verA* promising. In the acconnt which I have just given your Excellency of my first conversation with the English Ambassador I have endeavoured especially to repeat with scrupulous accuracy all th.at was said between us concerning the territorial question, which I think that 1 ought to regar' as the most important point in the negotiations. Matters of secondary importance, but Avnich I cannot pass over in silence, were incidentally mentioned (furing the discussion. In this way Chevalier Bagot, after informing me of the plan of demareati.iive full liberty to permit foreign navigation in our waters or to reserve them exelnsively for our own use. 'J'lie EngliKli AnibaBsador dc(,'lar(d to mo, moreover, on this subjeet that his (lovernment was not tbinldng of proeming any exeej>tional privileges for Hritish subjeets. ^^'hil(■ explaining to me the reasons which induced tlic British (rovernnient to make common cause, so to sjicak. with the Americans in the (piestion of the mn.itime jurisdiction, which reasons Chevalier Hagot naid that he had c(imniunii"ilewage marque an crayon dans la Minute de votre reponse fi'it substitne ])ar rannonce " qUi; les nouvelles instructions donnees aux Commandants des troisieicH Rilsscb soiit concues duns I'intcntion de prevenir les voies de f lit entre les vaisseaux [4S7J K 34 RuRses et ceux des autrep iintioiis, ct qu'en geut-rnl ellee peuvent etre considert'es comiuo (le imture k fnire suspniicirc proviHoirement Vefiet de I'Ukai^o Imperial dii 4 .Stptembre 1821." Je crois que pai- ces expressions I'objot du tous serait egalement atteiiit. Veuill'.z, &L'. (Sign*:") LI EVEN. (Translrtt; 'ii ) (Private and Confidential.) My dear Mr. Canning, Aflthitrnhnin lli>iinr, Xoi;nnhi'r 20, 1823. I AM infinitely grateful to yon for tliu coinniunieation wliioli you have so kindly nuule to me. Ketiirning iurewitli the two inelosnres to your letter, and availing myself of the permis- pion that you liave had the goodness to grant me, I take the liberty of Haying it ■would be ilesirable that the passag.' marked in ])eiieil in tlio roiigli draft of your reply Ijo replaced by the notice "that the new ii'.structions givjn t) the ('crnniiinderM of the Kussian cruisers are drawn np with tlio idea of preventing euUi^ions betwei'ii the Itussiau sliips and those of other niitious, and that, in general, they n:av bo considered of such a nature as to provisionally suspend the effect of the Imperial Ukase of the -Ith Hepteniber, 1821." I believe that by this mode of expression the object of all would be equally attained. Pray accept, &c. (.Signed) LIEVEX. No. 28. Fonlijn ({l/ice to i;/iij)tiH')}crit' Siwif/}/. 8ir, Fun'Kjn Ojfio: Xinriiififr '2C>, 1823. I AM directed by Mr. Secretary Cainiing to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the I'Jth instant, expressing a hope that tiie Ukase of September 1821 had been annnlloc'. 5Ir. Canning cannot authorize mo to .state to you in distinct terms tliat the Ukase has been "anmdled," because the negotiation to which it gave rise is still pending, end)racing as it does many points of great intricacy as well as importance. But I am directed by Jlr. Canning to aecpiaint you that onlers have been sent out l>y the Court of St. Petersburgh to their naval Connnanders calculated to prevent anj' collision between Russian ships and those of other nations, and, in eft'ect, suspending the Ukase of Stqjtember 1821. I am, itc. (Signed) F. {'CNYNCIIAM. No. 29. Mr. (>'. (\inniit(j to S' ' C. Bwiot. Sir, Fori'Ujn t\(}^fi', .IdiiiKiri/ 1,'. 182-1. \ LONG period has ebipsed since I gave yonr Excellency reason to e.xpeet additional iiiiUiUctlons for yonr conduct in the negotiation respecting the IJuJ^sian I'kase of 1821. That ex]iectation was held out in the belief that 1 should have to iiistiuet you to combino yoxu' pr(rceediugs with those of the .\meric'in Mir.iatei and the framing such instructions was, of neceF.«ity, delayed until Jlr. Ihisii should ue in possession of the intentions of his (iovermueut upon the eid.iject. Upd to iMr. llnsh for inforniatio.i as to the tenonr of th-se insti'iietidUs. \ tiien found, what I iiad not before been led to suspe tt, that Mr. Kush b.:id himself aulli^rify to enter into negoiia- ti(Uis with US as to the respective claims of Great Ibitain and the United Sti'tes on the north- west coast of America, although he does not appear to have 1 een inatrueted to invite such negi'tiation here if ve should prefer leaving it to be <;ondueted at St. I'eter.sbiu-gh. It seemed, however, that it would greatly fiicilitate your l^xcelleney's ta.'-k at St. I'eter.sbnrgh if we coidd come to some satisfactory nuderstanding with ^Mr. b'\i,sli on the prinei[iles and leading points of the negotiation, and that, at all events, it w.is advisable to ascertain so nuich from Mr. Rush as might enable us to judge whether it would or would iu)t lie expedient to agree to the proposal of tlie United States for coiidiining our several uegotiations with Russia into one. Such a combination had, indeed, already been proposed ' y u> with respetit ^) so nuch of o ir respective discussions with Russia as turned upon the maritime jireteusion of the Ku; nan dkas •. 15ut that proposal had not been made in contemjdation of tiie territorial (pnsfion ij which itu pretensions of the United States have given a new and complicated character. The object in applying jointly to Russia for a disavowal or qualification of her maritimo pretension was at once to sinqjlify and to soften to Russia that act (-f qualification or disavowal by enabling Russia to satisfy both Powers at once, without special ami sepirate concession. But 35 "jip, in flie question of toriitorial iiinits, Kiipsia, at wliatovcr point licr j)rotonHi()iiH iiii^lit h& stopiH'd, could have but one of tlio t\vd from Mr. Push ot what his (Jovernment ,-o' 1(1 propose as a general settlement, it apjiears that Latitude .">V^ is the point which the United {St«t"s likewise have proposed for that same line of demarcation. I lii.-) coincidence certainly argues cither a foregone understanding between Ru.ssia and tiie ■ 'n;' :d States or a disposition on the part of the United States to c'otmtenance and promote what .'.j<-v I'ljo-.v to be the desire of Ri,.,sia. ""Vhen to this stal(Miit nt I add that the United States propose, according to the aforesaid Mem>',,ri.ium of Mr. Rush, to diaw the line of demarcation between tlninselves and (Jreat Britain at latitude ,')1° — the point at which the lUisna-i ])retension, as si't forth in the Ulcaso of 1S21, terminates — it docs not seem v< ry uncharitable uisn^ipose tha. the object of the United States in inal Ives, ai'Ll to gratify Russia at the expense of Great liiitain. Tliere is ol>viouslv no great temptail;". to call in t.uch an Aibiter. if the partition between ]{us»ia and ourselves can be settled, as no doubt it can. without arbitration. By admitting the United States to our negotiation with Russia, we should incur the necessity of discussing the Anu'rican claim to latitude ;')l" at the same time that we were settlinjf with Russia our respective limits to the northward. IV.it the question of the American claim is for the jueseut merged in the Convention of lbl8; and it would be a wanton increase of diflii'ulti"s to throw that Conv"ntion loose, and thus to I ii g fiu' ([uestiou which it has conchi(h d for a time into discussion precisely for the jjurpose of a f'oincidencc, as embarrassing as it is oliviously unnecessary. If liussia, being aware ot the disposition of the I'nited States to c(mjedc to her the limit of latitude '>f)°, should on that account be desirous of a joint negotiation, sle. must recollect that tin* jiroposal of the United States extends to a joint cccupancy also, for a limited time, of the whole territory belonging to the three Powers, and that the Convention now subsisting between us and the United States gives that joint occupancy reciprocally to us in the territory to which both Jay claim. To this principle it is understood the Russian (Jovernment object — not, so far as we are concerned, should avc be desirous of pressing it upon thcin, but as between ourselves and tho United States we are not prepared to abandon it, at least for the teini for which the (>onvenf j:)a M If ,1;'. m •of 1818 has to run. There Avouhl bn some awkwardness in a tripartite negotiation whioli was not to be conducted and conchidcd in all its jiarts upon a uniform jirinciple. These reasons had incUiced tis to liesitate very nuicli as to tiie expechenoy of aecedinp; to tiio proposition of the United States for a common ncji'otiation between the tlnce Powers, wlicn tiio arrival of the speech of tlje President of tlie United States at tlio opchini;- of the (Joii;;-ri'.sH supphcd another reason at once ili'cisive in itscU', and susceptible of bcinj^' stated tt) Mr. Uush with more exphcitness than those whieii 1 have now detailed to your Kxeellcncy. 1 refer to the princiiilt! declared in that speeeli, which prohibits any furl'"-'r attempt by European Poweis at colonization in America. Ui)on ap|)lying to Mr, Hush for an explanation of this extraordinary doctrine, I found him lUiprovided «ith any instructions upon it. He snid, imleed, that he hid not heard from his (Jovernment since the ojieuing of the Congress, and Ivul not even received oflici-dly a copy of the Presiilent's speech. His conviction, however, was, that against whatever Power the President's doetrino was directed, it could not be directed against us. lie appealed in sni)port of that conviction to the fxisteuee of tire (Convention of ISlH, l)y which Me and the United States hold for a time joint oecuj)ancv and eonnnon enjovment of all the tcrritorv on the north-west coast of .\merica above latitude 42°, It was obviously the impression on Mr. Rush's mind that this pretension on the part ot his (loveinment was intended ns a set-off against the maritim(? pretension of the Russian Ukase. I do not niCMU to authori/,i^ your K\{;elleiicy to report tliis constrnction at St. Peterslmrgh as that oi the American Minister, but you will have no difUculty in stating it as one to which we tliink the President's speech liable, as th:it indeed which appears tons to bo by far the most probal)le constrnction of it; as sucli, ■' 'uruishes a coiu-hisivo reason for our not mixing our- Helves in a negotiation between two ^ " ' • '\.jse opposite pretensions are st) extravagant in their several ways as to be subject n' nuch of practical adjustment as of reciprocal disavowal. Air. Rush is himself so sensible of the ne\. consideration whieh is introduced into the nego- tiation by this new principle of the President's that although he had hitherto urged v.'ith becoming pertinacity the adoption of tlie suggestion of his Government, he has, since the ari'ival of the President's speech, c(;i.'ed to cond>at my desire to ])nr,su(: the course already begun of a separate negotiation at St. Pitersbnrgli, and has promised to write by this messenger to Mr. -Middleton to prepare him for your E.Ncijllency'G continuing to act njion your former instructions. It rem;. ins. thcrefori', only for me to diiect your ICxcellency to resume your negotiation with the C;)urt of St. Pcter.sbm'gh at the point at which it was suspended in consequence of the expected accession of tlie United States, ai.,i to endeavour to firing it as speedily as possi'ule to an aniicMble and honourable conclusion. '1 he (piestions at issue betweei' Oreat liritain and Russia are short and simple. The Russian Ukase contains two objectionable pretensions: First, an extravagant as.sunijition of maritime su])reniacy ; secondly, iin unw.irranted claim of territorial dominion. As to th(! lirst, tlie disavowal of RiLsnia is. in snbstiuice, all that we could desire. Nothing remains tor negotiation on that head but to clothe that disavowal in precise and satisfactory terms. Wo wouhl much rather that those terms shtndd be suggested by Russia herself than have the air of pretending to dictate tlieni; ycni will tlierefoi-e urge (Jount Nosselrode to furnish you with his notion of such a declaration on tlii.-; point as may be satisfactory to your (joveniment. That declaration may be made the ]n'eamble of the Convention of Liinit.s. As to the territoriid question, I have already stated that the lino of demarcation the most Katisfactory to us would be one drjiwn through '•Chatham Strait," the channel separating the isliind on which Sitka is situated from tin; island to tin: t'astward of it, or if the Russians h.-ive «sliii)lishnunts on that island also, then through the channel called '■ Stephen's Pass^ige," which Kcparates the whoh; archipelago from the niaiidand. If one or the other of tbese channels cannot be obtained as the boundary, then the line must 1)0 drawn on the mainland to tln' north of the northernmost post of the North-west (^nnpany from east to west till it sti'ilces the coast, and thence may descend to whatever latitude may be necessary for talcing in the island on which Sitka stands. It does not ;ip|Kar from your Ivvocllency's despatch how f;;r the line propo.sed by Jf. Poletic-i to be drawn at latitude; .").')° was intendcil to run to the eastward. If to the Rocky Slount.iins it obviously would be wholly inadmissilile by us, inasmuch as the comninnication of the North- •west Company from Canada through those moimtains with the whole of the north-west country is in a higher latitude than ^)i>°. Neither has Russia any claim whatever to any inland territory approaching that latitude. She has no occupancy inland. Mr. Pclly's Report denies that .she has any even on the coast. And it is to the coast alone that discovery could, in the nature of things, give any title. It is absolutely essential, therefore', to gmird tigainst any unfounded pretension, or any vague oxpeotation of Russia to the eastward, and for this purjiose it is iK-cesaarv that whatever degree of latituih; be assumed, a definite y such an a(hninsioii we Rhoidd estalilish a direct and conipleto intcrrnplion hetwucn our territory to tlio soutlnvard of tiiat point and tlnit of which we are in p.ipsessii'u to tlio eastward of longitude 1.')")° ah)ng tlic course of th(! Mackenzie Hiver. As your KxceUency iiad aheady maih' po nmch avuv in previous discussion, it is to he iioped that, on resnniin;^' the iiej^-otiation, very h'ttle time need bo reijuircil to bring it to a conchisum. It is cxtreivieiy important to Cdnchuh; il as qnic-kiy >i» possible. It being once decided not to negotiate jointly with tlio rnited States, we must take c'are to be out o| file way wiiih' the discussion.s between Kussia and the United States are g"ing on ; and tJK^ example of having coim/ to agreement with us promptly and amicably on both point.-i of litigation would, pcrhajis, bo not less valuab]i> to Hu>;.->ia in her subserpieni discussions with the Uniti'd States than would have been the facility which we had in contemplation for Russia when we originally pro])osed that her disa\o\vnl of the maritime jirinciple shoidd be addressed simultaneously to us both. At that time onr claim to such disavowal and the claim of tlie United States Vfcrc preciRcly alike ; IJussia had nothing to plead against either of us as a compensation for those claims. The principle put forth by the President of the United States has introduced a dillerenco betwi'en the respective situations of tlie United States and (!reat Hritaiu with respect to l^ussia which did not exist before. In the lormor state of things it might have been expedient, both for ourselves and for the United States, as well a.^ less distasteful to Itussia, to return an answer ccnimon to us both ; but, as things stand now, Russia might naturally wish to ijualify her answer to the United States with some reciprocal demand of explanation. 'J'he oidy point of view in wliich the United States coidd now insist upon interfeiiug with, or even taking cognizance of — the negotiation between us and Russia — would be in order to see that the pretensions on the north-west const of Americ;a derived to the United States from Spain through the Treaty of 18UJ were not prejudiced l>y our separate Agreement. That object cannot be more etfectuah_\ • -ovided for than by inserting into our Convention with Russia, as a protection for the claims ot he UnitiMl States, that part of the Ilird Article of the Convention concluded by us with the United States in IHl.S which was inserted in that Conveidion for the protection of the claims of Spain herself in the rights which she had not then ceded. By that Article it is stijiulated that the Agreement betv.-cen the two (Contracting Parties " should not be taken to affect the claims of .any other Power or State in any part of the said country." Such a clause your ICxcellency will voluntarily propose to insert in the Convention which yon are to I'onclude with (,'ount Nessehode ; and you will apprise Mr. Middleton of your intention of proposing that insertion. I am, &c. (Signed) GEORGE CANNING. Inclosuro 1 in No. 2'.*. Hudson Udi/ ('uinpauy to Mr. (i. Can)ii"'j. Sir, f/iiil.ioji Inni IfoHur, Jiinnai't/ 8, 1824. IK reference to the conversation which I had the honour of having with you on Mondav last, I beg to call your attention to my letter of the 25th Sej)tember, 1822, on the subject ()f the trading stations of the Hudson Bay Company in the coimtries on the north-west coast of America. In addition to what is therein stated, I have to inform you that it appears?, by the intelli- gence received this last season, that our traders are extending their posts still farther to the northward in the country to the west ot the Rocky Mountains. It may lie proper for ine al.fo to mention that the JIudson Bay (Jompany have a chain of trading posts on the JIackenzie liiver as tar north as ••iliout 07^ north latitude, and that Indians trade at those posts who come from the c luntries lying to the west of that river and to the north of t)()° north latitude, and that our traders are ext(;ndiug their posts to the westward into that country. The Riissian station called " Sitka '' is an island, and can give no claim by occupation to any part of the continent. But even if they had stations on tlic sea coast of the continent, this could not be held to give to Russia a better claim to a southern boundary on a line of latitiule eastward than our stations in (iT"^ north latitude give to Great I'ritain to one on a line of latitude westward. From a want of accurate knowledge of the courses of tlie livers or r.uigcs of mountains, if is difficult to suggest any satisfactory boundary in the interim' of the country in (picstion, and (if consistent with your viewL) it might, perhaps, be snflicient at present to settle a boundary on the coast only and the country 50 or 100 miles inland, leaving the rest id' the country to the north of that point and to tlie west of the range of mountains which sejiarate the wc.ters whii '- fall into the Pacific from those which How to the east and north, ojicn to the traders of both nations. In this case I would suggest the northern end of the inlet called Chatham Straits as the most Houthern point at which the coast boundary ought to be lixed. Tliis is but a little (if [J 87 I L I at all) \o the north of tlic most iioithora 'radiug stalJoii in the country to the west of the Rocky Jlountnins. 'J'ho isliuids lying to the west of Chatiir.!?! Plraits may be given to Russia, but the Russians not to trade cither on the coast or in the interior south of the boundary, and the IJritiKh not to trade on the coaHl north of it. If it is considered proper to tix iit j)resent the interior boundary, T would suggest a lino iiij;' to tlic llndison liny Coiiipiuiy, tho " I'nihouclmrcH" of sni'li rivurs uh niif;'ht afhirdiiri diitltt I'or nur I'nr tnidu in tbu INnnfic, and I lie two banlvH (if tiu' AFaclcoii/.ie llivtT; that, in the hclic'l' that .suili wcrt' oin' I'cHpcctivi' ohjt.ts, 1 woidd propoKc aH diu' hoiindarv a line (hawu thnm^h (.'hatliani Straits In thi^ iicad of tiiu Lynn (Janal^ thoncc! nnrtii-wi'Ht to tlio llCth doj^ruf of longitude wckI of llrcenwieh, and thence alonj;' that dogroi) of lonf^itude to the Polar Sea. Tliiw priipoHal was made by niu verhally, and Avas taken for conHideration by the Russian JMeni[iotentiarieH, who at oiir next meeting offered a '■ eontre-projet," whieii 1 afterwards requested migiii he reiliieed to writinj;', and of whieli I ineloiio a eopy (Inelnsure 1). In oll'eriii;;' tliis "' cniitri -projet,'' Cnnnt NesHulrode seemed to intimate tiiat, hnwevef disjiosod tho ICmiieror niif;iit he to ictraet iiretenHionH advanced liy hiniKelf wliieh niii;ht he tliotijiht to conflict witli the intercstw of oliu'r 1'owci-k, it would he aslcini;' too nnicli of the Imperial di'^.'nity to recpiiic that jiretensions advanced twenty-five years ajio hy the I'lmperor I'aul, am! wliieh had heen hitherto undisputed, should he now renounced I thiiuf;ht it my dutj-, ujion an intim.itioii of tills kind hein;;' made, to declare at once that all considi'ratimis of such a natinc Mero incompavilile with the htipulated hasis of our neg'otiation, and that if the (juestion ot national difjjnity \\as to he touched, I, too, Kluaild have much to say upon that head, and shouhl prolahly iind it quite inipossihie to make those concessions which, u])on the simple juround of mutual convenience. I mif«'ht perhaps without diflicidty do. 'i'his exi)licit declaration had its desired effect, and the Russian I'lcnipotentiarics engaged not to introduce again argmneiits of this kind into our discussions. As the " eontre-projet " ollerod to mo appeared to ho. generally speaking, entirely inadmissihlc, I drew up such a modification of my original proposal as would. I tlunight, nu'ct thp only reasonahle objection made to it (an ohjection made in conversation hy tho Russian I'lcnipoten- tiarics), vi/., the inconvenience which Russia might experience by vessels of the United States, claiming a right, under their (.'(invention with (ireat liritain, to visit the waters lying l)etwcea King Cieorge's Archipehigo and the islands and continent to the eastM'ard of it, and which might, in this manner, seriously annoy the subjects of His Imperial Majesty in their imrsuits and occupations upon those shores. This modification of my 'irst proposal will be foimd in the inclosed paper (Inclosure 2), Avhich I delivered to the Russian I'lcin'potentiarics at (au' next confei-encc. You will observe that in making the proposal so modified, I. in fact, exceeded, in some degree, the strict letter of yoiu' instructions hy assigning to Russia the islands lying between Admiralty Island to tho north iind I>idie of Y(a-k and I'rinco of Wales Islands to the south, hut I entertained Btinguine expectations that such a proposal, e(aipled with the concession of a lino of coast, extending 10 marine leagues into the interior of the continent, would have been considered as amply sufficient for all the legitinnite objects which Russia coidd have in view, and quite as much fts she could jiretend to with any shadow of real claim or justice. So far, however, from this being the case, my ann?nded proposal was met at our next; <;onference by (^ibservations which I again requested might bo reduced to writing, and whieli wilt bo found m tin.' inclosed paper (Inclosure 3). As, in this papi?i-, parts of the main continent to ■which Russia camiot by possibility have over acquired any cl.iim. and of which flreat liritain is at this nionu'Ut actually in partial occu])atioii, are offered to llis JIajesty in the light of conctssion.s, it became necessary for me to reject any fiiich offer iis a boon in the most e.\]ilicit terms, and you will find that I have not failed to d(< so iit the inclos'.'d paper (Inclosure 4), with which 1 replied to the jjaper in ipiestion. As, however. I felt strongly the importance of adjiisting this business, if possible, at tho present moment, and as I felt also that, although tho Russian lMenii>otentiaries had, in consoquonce of my ioruK r remarks, agreed to waive altogether all (juestion of national dignity in d'scus.sing it^ His Imperial ^Majesty might yet possibly feel an invincible repugnanci^ to retract from tluv pretensions advancitl by the Enqieror Paul in the Charter given to the Russian-American (Jonqiany in ITU'.' (however ininckiKJwledged by other Powers such pretensions might have been), I thought that I shorild not act in ojiixisition to the spirit at least of my instructions if, in deferent:i> to such a sentiment on the part of the Ijnperor, and with a view to finish tho business quickly, [ ventured to make yet (au ther pio[)o.-iition, which, while it .saved this point of dignity to Russia by giving to her the o.")tli degree of latitude as her boundary upon the islands, might preserve also uninteirupted our access to the Pacific Ocean, and secure to His llajesty the 5GtIi degree of^ north latitude as the British boundary upon the coast. The proposition bj- which I had hoped to effect these olijects will also 1)0 fomid in the impsi" (Inclosure 4), in delivering which I gave it clearly to lie understood that it contained my ultimata proposition. It was not till the day before yesterday — that is, nearly ten days after I had given in this: paper — that I was invited to another c(>nferenoe, when I was informed that the Imperial (irovern- ment had. after anxious con.sideration, taken their final decision, and that they must continue to :infiist upon the demarcation as described by them in the first pajier (Inclosure 1). Finding this to bo the case, I repeated that I had already gone far beyond the utmost limit of my instructions, and that I war sorry to say that 1 must now consider our negotia-^ tions as necessarily suspended, so far at least as the question of territorial demarcation waa coneerncd. Count Nesselrode then inquired Avhether I should object to transmit to my Court the final decision of himself and M. Poletica as it is declared in the inclosed paper (Inclosure 5), and whether J did not think that His Majesty's Government, seeing how slight our disagreement was, )':",,,ht iiot hr (lisiKipod to fiiniiKh nic v,\\\\ siuli I'lirtlier iiiHfnicfidiis v.n wduld oiinbli' mo to meet llic views <.f ilic KiiKsiiiii (iovciiiinciit, iiif'oiiiiiiif;' nui nt fli(( kiiiiic time tliiit it wn.s iiiUiKU'd to acciuniiit t'oiuit Licvcii liy tlio ((lUiicr, who is to \n\ (liH|)iililiiil to-iiiglit to London, uitli tlio foui.so ■xvImcIi tlic negotiation had tnUen, and to inHlniet him to hold Homu conveiwvtiori witli you upon the wul)ject. I told Count Necselrodo that I kIiouM, of coursi'. (cil it to lie my duty to tniuHniit this and ail other ]iiijii I'M coiiiuM'tid witli the nej;dliation to you witiiout Io.^h of tiiii". Imt tliiit 1 tieven should In; again given clearly to nndersland that it is a point to which no slight importance is attaeheil by His Majesty, and that the pretension an it now stands will admit of no remedy but that of public, formal, and precise retractation in some shape or another. Such has been the course of my late negotiation upon this question, and such the grontidB upon which I have thought it my duty to susp(;nd it for the present. 1 know full well the incouvenienee of breaking oft" such a negotiation in such a stage and upon a point which, judging only by the map, might perhaps appear of so litth; real importance; to His Majesty's present intcrest.s, but when I consider by how much 1 huve already exceeded my iustructions, how more than doubti'ul is the i(;al right of this v!overnni(;nt to any part of the territory in most immediate dispute, and how much more exorbitant are their pretensions upon the north-W(st eontiuenl of America than J had before had reason tosnspi'(t, [ certainly could not venture to take upon myselt the heavy responsibility of making any further concessions of a territory the value and possible local advantages of whicii 1 had no means of estimating, and ■which J lielicve are as yet so imjicrfectly Icnowu. It is somewhat ri'inarkalilo that while the Russian jireteiision ^f maritime jurisdiction stands nnrecalU d among the ! kases of the Imperial rjdvcriiment. a note suih as that of which I herewith inclose a. copy should have been addresseil to me in the miilst of our ni'gotiations asking protec- tion for a Russian ship to navigate in safety those very seas and vi.sit those very s'.mcs wnich the Court of Russia has by such high-handed Decrees declared to ln' a part of her exclusive ilomiiiions — and a jiart, too, which the other Powers of the Avorld are forbidden to ap])roach. 1 iiave not yet answered this note, but if I am jire^sed to do so betore I can receive the instructions of His Majesty's (Jovernment in respect to it, I shall certainly grant the certificate required, as was done in a former and similar instance by Lord Catlu^irt. I have, ttc. (Signed) CHARLES BAGOT. Incilosure 1 in No. 31. Counter-draft hy Russian Fhnijiotcntiarics, LES propositions faitcs par les Plenipotentiaires de il'issic u Sir Charles Bagot, et quo son Excellence a etc price de fircndrc en miire ccnsideration, tendoient a faire adinettre le 5o'= degrc de latitude soptentrionale coinme ligno de demarcation eiitre k-s possessions respectives sur la cote nord-(mest de rAmericpie. Cette mciue limite a deja ete assignee aux possessions Russes par la Charto que feu TEmpereur Paul I accorda ti la (/ompagnie Americaine. Conime le piirallele du 5.";" degre coupe File du Prince do dalles dans son extremite meridionale, Jaiesant en dehors deux pointis do torre, les Plenipotentiaires de Russic out propose quo cos deux fi87l M 43 polntoH fiiHHi'iit comprisc'H daiiH Ioh liniitfs Riimsch, voulant uvittT par li'i une division de tiiiitoira Agidcniont iiK.'ominodi! mix di'iix I'urtioH intc'roHHrcH. I'uur C(>ini»l(!'tfr la IIkih' du drnmnatiun .-t Iiv vciidic iiUHHi distiiicto (juo poHMiblo leH I'lcMiipotentiiiiroH do UuHBio out oxpiiiiu' le tlcnic do lui t'uire sxiivio lo Portliuid Caiml jiisiiu'iiux iiioiitii;^m'H (pii liordont la cote. Do (!0 point, la liinito reinontcroit le loop; i;Mii' linNHc-Aint'ricaino n'auroit aiunm inoyen do RDUtenir les (•tabliHSuinens qui ncroicnt dcH lorH Haim point d'appui, et ijui no pourroient avoir ancune Holiditi-. Ell revanclio, la J{u8iiio ho foroit nn devoir d'ouviir nux HiijctH de Sa Majeste Hrit;\nniquo la lil)re navigation do tons lew flenvcH (pii aboiitiwHont h I'oL'ean dann eotto ineino lif.ioro. P(jur donner uno deinitro preuvo de Hon enipreHHcinont a idler an devant <1ch vumx du Gouvcrnenient Augloi*, olle ouvriroit aussi au coiiiineree dcH siijels do Sa Majesti; Uritannicpio ct h leurs vaisBcaux lo Port do Novo-Arcliaugoluk, dans le cas oil les propositions ci-dessus huroiont Hcceptees. (Translation.) (Date as shown by Russian Archives, February 12 (24), 1824.) The propoHals mado by the liussinn Plenipotentiaries to Sir C'harles Kagot, and which hia Excellency has been asked to take into eorefuf coiiKideratioii, aimed at having- the 55th degree of north latitude accepted as the line of demarcation between the reKpeetive poH.scwioten- tiaries of Russia have expressed the desire to mako it follow Portland t'hunnel up to tho mountains -which border the coast. From this point the boundary would ascend along those mountains, parallel to the sinuosities of tho coast, as far as the lil'Jth degree of longitude (meridian of London), the line of whicJi degree, prolonged northward, would form the ulterior limit between the iiussian and English possessions, to the north as well as to the east. The principal motive which constrains Russia to insist upon soveieignty over the above-- indicated "lisiere" (strip of territory) upon the mainland ("terre ferine") from Portland Chauuel to the point of intersection of ()0° latitude with lo\}° longitude is that, deprived of this territory, tho Russian-American (Jompany wotdd have no means of sustaining its establishments, which would, therefore, be without any support (" point d'appui ") and could have no solidity. In return, Russia would make it a duty to open to the subjects of His Rritanuic Majesty the free navigation of all the rivers which empty into the ocean through the said " lisiero." To give a final proof of her desire to anticipate the wishes (pf the English Government, sliu would also open to tho trade of the subjects of liis Rritannic Majesty and to their vessels the port of Novo-Arcuangelsk in case the above proposals are accepted. Inclosure 2 in No. 31. Amended Proposal by Sir C. Bagot. COMME il a et^ convenu de prendre ])our base de negociations les convenances mutuellcs des detix pays, il est a remarquer, en leponse a la proposition fuite par les Plenipotentiaires Russes, qu'uno ligne de demarcation tracee de rextremite meridioiiale de I'Jle du Prince do Galles jusqix'ii I'embouchure du Canal de Portland, de lu par le milieu de ce canal jusqu'a co qu'elle touche la ten-e ferine, de la jusqu'uux montagnes qui bordent la cote, ot de Ja le long do ceB montagnes jusqu'a la longitude du 139° degr6, ° et 54° 45', dont plusieurs (a ce qu'il y a tout lieu k croire) commuui(iuent directement aux etablisee- mens de la Compagnie de Hudson Bay, et seroient par consequent d'tine imi>ortauce essentielle pour Bon commerce, tandis que do I'aiitre cote la Compagnie Russe-Am^ricaine ne poss^de aucuu ^tablissement sur la terre ferme entre les deux paralleles susmeutiounes, ni meme eur I'lle tlu Prince de Qalles, ni sur les iles qui sont situees entre celle-ci et la terre ferrae. En acceptaut la proposition faite par Sir Charlea Bagot dans sa premiere (Jonftrenre »vmi I<'H PK'nipf'teiitiiiires Hurrch, il n'v iniroit (i\ co i\\\"\] jmidit) qn'nii Kful iiicoiivrniciit pour la Hiihhio, t'fliii t|iii poiiiToit, reHiiltcr dii drnit, (|iii' ri'-i li.iii'voitiit ))<'i;t-<'tro Iih KtiitM-I 'nis, en vcrtu ilr Irur ('(iiivi'iitiiiii MViT III finiii(lfhii'tii|j;ii(! do riinii(''' I^'IM. do imviniKi' lihnMiiriit diins tmis li's imnif^t'H tiiilro I'llo dii |{(ii (icorjfo ct la tcrri) iVnnc, vt dt> p'liur uiimi do iio d'Vori; do tcutoB Ioh iloH HituooH au iiord dis ditoH ilos juHiiu'ii oo nu'ollo * 1,.. 1.. *........ 4-. „ ' toucho la tei'fo I'onu^. T)o la so j:)r()l(iiigcaiit dauK la moine direction 8ur la tt'iTo foniiu juB(|u'a uii point diHtunt do la c'oto do 10 heuoR inariiu'H, la ligiio ronioiitoioit do co point voiw lo nord et lo nord-oucut, pandlolonient aux Hii.iun8itcn do la coto. ot toiijouvH a la diHtaiice do 10 liauiH marinoH du livaj^c, jusqu'au HO'' dcgvo do longitude (do (ireonwidi), dont oik) Huivroit alors du prolonyeniont JuHqu'ii la Alci- Poluiru. (TiHiislation.) Since it has been docidod to take nn ii hima of negotiation tlio nnitual advantage of the two counti'ioH, it hIiouUI lio noted, in answer to the proposal niado liy the HutiHian l'leni])otentiarion, that a line of deniurcation drawn from the Houtlurn extremity of I'rince of Wales iHlaiul to tho mouth of Portland Channel, thence uj) the middle of this channel until it touclioH the nuiinland (" terrt! fcrnio "), tlienco to tho mountains Iiiiv-siau- American ('(unpany possesses no ostablishmouts uu tlu' mainland ("terre fermo") between tiie two abovo-nientionetl parallels, or even en Piinco of Wales Island, or on the islands located between tho latter and tho nuiinland. In accepting the proposal made by Sir Charles I'.agol in his first Conference with the Russian Plenipotentiaries, Uussia would have iiad, it woidd si'Om, (^nly one dilHeidty, that whieh nn'ght ivsnlt from tho right wliich might pirhaps be elaimed by the United Slates, by virtue' of their Convention of LHlM v.'ith Croat llritain, to navigate freely in all the waters lu'tweon King (ieorgo'H Island and the mainland (" terre f'eriiio''j, and thus, in a way, endiarrass the trade of tiie subjeetH of His Imperial Majesty in these waters. In order to obviate this diflieulty and to insure to Russia the exclusive snvereignty of tliesw waters, as well as all the islands and coasts where there are really KuNsiiin establishments, rh'oat Jjiitain would offer to accept as the lino of demarcation botwei/n the territories of the two Poweis a lino traced from the west towards thi' i/ast along the middle of the chanuel whieh separates Prince of Whiles and Huko of York Islands, from all the islands situited to the north of the said islands, until it touches the mainland (''terre forme "). Thence, extending in the sanu' din^ction on the ip.ainland to a point 10 marine leagues from the coast, the lino would run from this point toward the north and north-west, ])arallel with tho flinuo.sities of the coast, and always at a distance of 1(1 marim; leagues from the shore as far as tho 140th degree of longitude (Grienwieh), tho prolongation of which it would then follow to tlui Polar iSea. Inclosure 3 in No. 31. Observations of liusslan Meinpoteiitiaries on Sir C. liagot's Aiiteiuf'-' P'oposal. LE motif qui a fait proposer radoption du priucipo des convenances mutuolles, et In premier nvantuge dc ce principo, c'est d'empecher que les etalilissemens respeetifs sur la cote nord-oucst lie piiisBcnt se nuirc les tins aux autres et entrer en collision. Lefi etablissemens Auglois de la Compagnie do la Haie de Hudson et du Xord-Ouest tendent SI 83 porter vers I'Duest par les 53'^ et 54'^ degrc do latitude septentriouale. Les etablissonieus Russes de la Compagnie Anu'-ricaine tendent a deseendre au .sud vers Ic f).')'^ parallele, et au delii, ear il est a remarquer que si la Compagnie Americaiue ii'a point oueoro foriue d'etablissemens fixes sur la ligne nuitheniati(jue du ;"i5'' degrc, il u'cn est pas moiiis vrai qu'en vertii do son privilege de 17!tS), privilege contre lequel aucuno Puissance n'a januiis reelanie, t'llo exploite la cliasso et la pcehe dans ces parages, et que regtdierement elle occupe les iles et les cotes avoisinautes dans la saison qui lui permet dy envoyer ses chasseurs et ses pechours. 11 etoit done de la eonvenance mutuellc des deux Empires d'a.ssigner do justes liinitos a oiirroi( nt coiiiiiiuiiiipKT aveo roct'aii, ko Hunt ciiipi'usseH d'ollVir, par ntie Htiinilctioii cvciitiielle, la lilii'c iiavif;ati(.n oiiit ici dcs dciix poinlcsi de I'llo dii Priiujo dc (iallcs. (jiii soiit KitiKJcM nii-dcfisoUH do la ligiio dii ,'i.V- dcgiv dc latitudo nonl. Cos (k'ux poiiit(.'H no piairroii'iit (*ti'o lo, is to prevent tlio lospootivc ostabliskinoiits (.Mi the iiorth-we8t coast from injuring;' caeii otki.r and entering; into collision. The Eng-lisli ostablisliinonts of tlio Hudson's Hay and North-A\'ost ('oinpaiiies have a toiidcncy to advance westward along the /ilird and altli degree of north latitude. 'J"ho Itussian cstab.'ishmonts of tlio Ainorican (,'ompany ha\'e a tendency to descend southward toward tilt: .').")! il parallel and bi\v"nd. lor it should bo noted that, if the .American (Jompany has not yet mado permanent ostablishineiits on the matheinalical lino of tho !)'>\\i degree, it is. iiovcrtholoss, true that, by virtue of its privilege of \~W. against which privilege no Power has ever protested, it is exploiting tlie hunting and the iishing in tliosi! ri'gions, and that it regularly oeoupies the islands nnd tho neighbouring coasts during the season Avhicli allowH it to solid its hunters and fisliornion there. It was, then, to the mutual advantago of the two Empires to assign just limits to this advance on both sid(fs, which, in time, could not fail to cause most unfortunate complications. It was also to their mutual advantage to lix these limits according to natural partitions, "which always coiiBtitntc the most distinct and certain frontiers. For these reasons, the Pionipotentiarics of Russia have proposed as limits upon the coast of the continent, to the south, Portland Channel, tho head of wliicli lies about (''par") tha 5()tli degree of north latitude, and to tho oast tlio chain of mountains which follows at a very short distaiioo tho sinuosities ol' tho coast. According to tho most recent and best maps published in England, tho ostablislimonts of the Hudson Hay Company approach the coast only along tho 53rd and o4th degrees, and it cannot b(^ proved that thej' reach the tirtat Oeoaii at any point. Nevertheless, governed by the principle of mutual accommodation, tho plan proposed by tho I'ltiiipotontiaries of Kussia loaves open to the future exjiansion of tho English Colonies — 1. .Xll that part of tho coast situated between the mouth of I'ortlaud Chamiel and tho 51st degree of north latitudo, which was regarded as the limit of the Russian possessions in the Ukase of the. 4 th (liith) Siiptombor, 1H21 ; 2. All the tonitory situated betwooii tho English ostablislimonts on the 54th parallel nnd the head of Portland Channel, which is at the 5Gth parallel ; 3. J. 11 the territory situated behind tho chain of mountains, in regard to which there has iiftii ilit.|niti' liitlinh), til llu' iiniiit of iiitivscclitui of tlic lllOtli ik'^roo of longitude, mt'ridiir y a (•oiitiiij;tnt Kti|iulutioii, tlii' iVio imvi>;iitioii of hih'Ii livirs '11 IIV hiivi' Anil lli'iti flirt ii ill li '1- ifovnii'il Im'h K llt'll to t||(! tllllil' ot Iciicy Sir Cliail'.H nngol, tliat tli(> I'oit of Novo- ilijci'tH ol IMh .MiijcHty till' Kiii^' of (ircat tliiit K (hi llli> lilhiT llllllll, till' I'll lli|Mitrlili;llil'H III' Nl lil witlioiit a liNii ivi- till' lioiioiii' to i'i'|iiat til liiiii ii)i< IISSIIIII cs tlllllisllllH'llts l.ll till' isia mil- liiit'iital coiiHt, starting Iroiii I'ortlaiiil Cliaiiiiil, tin III lllii virllllt\ wci ilil ivc no siipiiort (••|io|iit ra]il(iu '") ; tliaf tlu'y woillil Ih' at tin; liiircy of tlic cstaliiisliiniiitrt \\ liicli Ntiaiini'lN iiii^lil I'onii upon till' iimiiilanil, ami that any niiiIi arraiiKi'iix'iit, far iVom liclnn- foiimli'il upon the priiiiiph' of mutual a(u;oiiinioilation, woulil Imt oH'or (lan^LTs for one oi the I'aitioH ami oxi'IunIvc ailvaiitayt'K I'or till' other, \o ri'fcri'iico will bo niiulu hero to the two pointH of I'rini'o of NValfs iHlaiul, nitnati'il 1m;Iow the liiii' of 'iri" north liititinli'. 'riioKo two points can lie of no mrvici.' to (ircat Mritaii ■lif Jiinc-tciitliH of rriiK'c of WalcH IhIiiihI lielon^'s to HiiHKi'i, it is clearly to the interest of hotli I'ailieH that the eiitiri' iHlaml hIioiiIiI lielonu,' to her. This hrief Htatoiiieiit will hiiIKci- to viiidicato the ilraft which tliu I'lenipotciitiaricH of His Imperial MajeHty sunt to Sir (JharlcH Majj^ot, ami upon the tenoiir of which they are conipellod to iiiHwt. They further hope that the f.eiitinientH which orif;iiiateil this ilraft will be apprecinteil both liy the AnibaRHnilor of HIh Jiritiinnio JIaj'esty anil by hiw ( ioverniiient. I IneloBurc 4 in No. 31. licphi hi) Sir a. Ihiiiol to Ohservatlonx of liiiK-iim PUiiijiotciitkiylra, LA dccouverto on la Hiniple oceu|)atioii ilc qiieli|iicH li' ^ sitiiees wur la cote il'iiii contineiit iii> ])eut iloiiiior aiieiiii droit a la soiiverainete ile la terre ferine voiNine, prineipe qui n'est pas nioiiis foiiile Kiir I'opinioii reconnuo (b'.s juristes le.s plus celebres, que sur I'uHagc iiniverHelleiiieiit oliserve entre les nations. D'apres oe prinoipo, Sir (Charles iiaft'ot a constMinmont Koiiteiiii dans les Conferences qu'il a (ii I'honneur d'livoir avee lo8 I'lenipotontiaii'cs de llusnic, quo Sa Miijestc JSritannique lie wauroit adinettre que les droits de la Iliissie siir la cote nord-oiiest dii continent d'Aineriqiie puiKscnt H't'temlre vers Ic inidi mir ce continent an dela dii point on la liiissie aura aetuellenieiit lornn'' des ctublisseineiis. II n'a jamais etc aftirme par les IMuiiipoteutisnros de Sa Majeste Iniperiale que la ({iissie posHcde des etabliHscniens qii ieoiiqiies sur la tevre fernu! au sud dii li(t° on i>'y dej^ie ile latitude iiord, niaia ils out declare ijiie, privi'e iruiie lisiere sur la terri' fernie, la Coiiipagnie Iiusse-Aiiierieaiiie n'aiiroit aiicuu moyeii do sonteiiir sch etablisseiiieiis sur le.s lies, qui soroieiit des lors sans point d'appiii ct no poiirroiont avoir aiieune soliditc. Tout arji;uiiieiit t'oiide sur la consideration de la conveiiaiico pratiipio de la Kussie no pouvoit L'tre que du plus ftrand poiils, et le Plenipotentiaire de Sa Majeste Britanniqiie n'hcsita jias d'abaiid'jiiiier, on conse(|iiem'e do cette observation des i'lenipoteiitiaires de liussii', la lij^iie de demarcation qu'il avoit d'abord proposco, savoir. cello qui devoit jias.ser par le' milieu de (Jhalhaiu Straits jusipia rextrciuite septeiilrionale de I.yiiu (,'aiuil et do la a Mont Klias, ou a lintersectiou dii 1-1(1'' degre do longitude, et d'eii proposer uiie autre qui assiireroit a la liiissie noii soulement lino lisiere sur lo coiitiiu.nt, vis-a-vis de rctablisseiiieiit le plus meridional qu'elle )iossodc sur iun lies, mais qui liii assureroit aus,si la |)ossession de toiites les iles et ks eaiix qui liivoisiiient ou qui so trouvont placees eiitro cet etablissoiueiit et la torro forme, la jioRsossioii eiiliii de tout ce qui jiourroit doveiiir, par la suite, de qiielqiie utilite, oji pour sa solidito ou pour sa ]»rosp6rite. Mais le Plonipoteiitiairo do Sa Majeste Ihitanniquc lie pout pas adiiiettro quo la Hussie accorderoit ou assureroit a Sa ilajosto Britannique un uouvel avaiitago par s.i renonciiition a la pai'tio lie la cote situeo outre reiiibouchuro dii Portland (,'anal ot le degre de latitude envisage ooinme limite des jiossessions Uiisses dans I'tlukase de lH-21, iii memo par sa venonciatiou a toiite partio du continent au midi des otablissemens qui y out oto doja fornios; car, quaiul memo Sa JIajeste 15ritaiiiiiqiio out jamais roconuu cc degre do latitude commo formant la ligiie do demaroa- tion en autant qu'il regardo les iles, elle w. jiourroit, d'ajircs lo prineipe eiioncc ])lus haut, I'avoir Toconnu conime liniito sur le continent voisiii, sur kquel la (Jompagnie de la Bale do Ihnlsun avoit deja I'tabli plusiours de ses postcs les jilus importanfs. Celte Compagnie a ou effet dos otablissemens meiiie pros de la coto, au iiord du 5/>" dcgre ; Sa Majeste IJritannique no poiirroit done, sans sacrilier les interets de la Compagnie, roiioiicor a sea droits ii la souvorainote de la cote, ot dos iles qui on depeiidont immediatemeiit, jusqii'ii la hauteur do r)G° 30' de latitude uord, (|iiel quo soit lo degre de latitude quo Ton pourra dofinitivemeiit convenir do prendre pour limite entre les deux Puissauees, en autant qu'il coiicerno les iles situeos plus ii Toiiost. L'origino du Portland ('anal pout otre, commo il y a lieu de croirc, rembouchure do qiiclque flouve qui Qoulo par lo milieu du pays ocoupo par la Coiiipagnio de la Bale do liudsou, et il efct [487] N par consequent cl'ime jmpmtnucc niajemc a la Ciraiide-Hietngno dVn possuder hi souvciinetc dea deux lives, ('el'ut daus I'cspoir do ptnivoir concilier ecu objets indisponHublos a\ ec eeiix du (?onverne- meiit Iiiipc-nal, et. detenniiioi' sans nl-io do dolai iino qni'Htion, qu'il pnraiBsuit etre t-pilenicrt de I'intrirt iloH denx pavlius d'aiiangcr definitivenicnt uu luoment octuel quo lo ri('nipt)tentiairo do Sa MiijcBto Kritaniiiciuo oiit I'luinninir do piopoKii- dans na dorniuve Conlevonti avoc les IMeni- potoi'.tniii'os do Kussie, uno ligno do demarcation qui, tout on consorvant h la Rusfiiu pour liuiitu nieiidionale huv los ilea lo dogie ilo latitud'" d^signo par I'OukaHO do 17i(i*, assigneroit en mcnie tonm it la (irande-Hrotagno pour liinito kuv la toto do la torro t'onno la latitude ilo 5(i° oO' nord. 11 Boniblo qu'une ii'^iio tiac;o de I'extreinite nieridionalo du detruit nonime ''Duke of ittii degree of north latitude, but they have stated that, if do])rived of as trip (" lisiere "') on the mainland, the Russian-American Company w( uld have no means of maintaining its establishments on the islands, which would then bo without a support (" ))ohit d'apj-ui"), and could have no substantial footing. Any argmuont fouudid on the c(/nsideration of the practical advantage if Russia could not fail to have the greatest weight, and the Plenipotentiary of His Britannic jSlaji.'t^ty did not liositato to give up, in I'onsoipienco of this observation of the Russian Plenipotentiaries, tlie lino ot demrication whit h he had first proposed, to wit, one passing along tln' middle of Chatham Straits as far as the northern extremity of Lynn Channel, and thence to Moui.t P.lias, or to the inter- section of the ^ !i)th degree of longitude; and to offer another which would secure to Rustiia not only a sl'-ip on ' .ic» continent, opjtositc! the southoiiunost est.iblishment whic'i she ]iosses.ses on thi islands, but also vlie possession of all the islands and waters in its vicinity •, .• which are wituati d between that establiKinnent and the mainland (" torre fernio ") ; in short, possession of all that co' Id in future be of any service, cither +o its stability or its prosperity. B;it the Plenipotentiary of His liiitannie Majesty cannot admit that ]{ussia woulil grant or secure to Ilia Britannic Majesty a noAV ■vdvautage by her renunciation of that part oi' the coast located l)etwcen the month of i'ortland Channel and the degree of latitude rogMi'ded as the, boundary of the Russiii'. possessions in tlie Ukase of 1821, or even b; iier renunciation of all parts of the continent .^outh of the establishments which have already been formed there ; for, even if His Britannic Majest-, had ever recognized thai degi-ee oi latitude aa constituting the line of demarcation so far as the islands are concerned, ho could not, according to the jirinciplc above stated, have recognized it as the boundary on the neighbouring continent, on whicli the Hudson Bay Companj hacl already established several of its moat important posts. This jonipany liaM in tlo t establ'shinents even near the coast north of the 5Jth degree ; HIb Britannic Majesty can not, therefore, without sacrificing the interests of the Company, renounce his rights of scV'U'ei/rnty vivev the coast and the islands directly dependent thereon, as far as fit)" 30' of iiortli latitude, whatever degree of latitude it may lie linally decided to accept as the boundary between the two Powers in so far as relates to the islands located farther west. The head of the Portland Channel may be, as there is reason to believe, the mouth of s.mio river flowing thr(t importance to (ireat Britain to possess the sovereignty of iho two .slioroa thereof. It wa«; in the hope of being able to reconcile these indispensable oiijec*a with those of ♦he Imperial (lovernment, and to decide witiiout further deh.y a ipiestion which it appear':d to be e ns her southern boundary in the islands, wcnhl atsigii it the same time to Great Britain aa her botuidavy on the const of the mainland (" terre ferine ") tUo latitude of 56° iJO' north. It seems that a line drawn from the southeni extreir/ity of the strait called - Huke ot Clarence's Sound," throngh the middle of this strait to the middle of the strait which separatts 47 Prin< of WaloH aiul Duke of Tovlc IsLandH from all ilio iulandK lying noi'th of tliosn jhIuuiIh, tlioiico toward the east thvoiigh the middle of t'lii^ same Htrait to the; mainland, to lie prolmiged after\\'anlN in the direction and m. inner already j)rojioHcd by His liritanni.; Majopty'w Pljui- poteiiti irv aH far as Jlount EliaH or to the intia'sectioii of the 140th de^'rof^ of longitude, woulfl form a le of ilem:ir';ation wiiicli wo\ll(l gro(^ 01 longi conciliati^ the nnitua! eonvcuiem^e of the two Parties, and which wotdd perliiii)H satisfactorily assure the reciprocal interests, both present and future, <>( tlio two fhnpircB in that part of the glolio. laclosure 5 in No. 31. Fi/iiil JicciKioii i out poc'te ii la counoiesanco de TEmporenr, leur .Mail re, les dernieres propositions (pii leur out etc' faites par Sir Oharles Bagot, '-clativement a la ligno de demarcation ,jui separeroit li's poss<'ysions Husses des possessions Angloiscs sur la cote nord- ouest du continent de I'Amerique. Attentiveinent examinees par Sa Majeste Imperule, ees propositions no lui out point paru do nature k pouvoir aceeptees. L'Emperenr charge ses Plcnipotentiaires de declarer iterativement a II. rAmhassadeur d'Angleterre — Que la possession de I'lle du Prince de CJalles, sans line portion do territoire sur la cote situeo vis-a-vis de eette lie, no pourroitetro d'aucune ntilite a la liussie. Que tout etablissemont forme sur la dltc ilc, ou sur ccUck ipii I'environment, se trouvirait en quchiue sortc tourni; par les etaltlisscniens Anglois (le la terre ferme, et complcttcmeiit a la Tiicrci de ces dei'oiers. Qii'en consequence un arrangement semblable lie serait nulleinent eonfornie iui principe des coiiveiiiinces mutuelles. Qu'au reste. d'apres le teiiioignagi: des cartes les plus recentes publiees en Aiigleterre, il n'existe iUiCUii etablissement Anglais ni sur la cotcmemedu continent ni au iiord du54°de latitndu septeiitvioiiiiie. (i)u'aiiisi, (]uan(l les liiiiitcs fixees 'ux possessions Kusses iiar la Cliarte de 17'.I9 n'aiiraieut point en Icni- faveiir dopnis vingt-cinq aiis Ic coiisentemeiit tacite de toutes les Puissaiiees, encore la Riussie exorceroit-elle wm- eette partie de la cote prccisemeiit les niemes droits que la Grand -Hretagne, d'oii il resulte <[uo la (piestion devrait toujours etre resolue, noii d ajires les mt rels cxcliisifs d'uii des deux Empires, mais de iiiauiere :i concilier reciproqiii's. (^ii'eniiii. (juaiit a la navigation des tleuves, la Hustie croyait avoir otl^rt lircta.'pie tons les avaiitagi's et toutes concessions que celle-ci pvut desirer. Et que dans eet ctat de ehosi's les Pleiiipotentiaires de Sa Majrste Imperiale d'insistcr sur leurs propositions auterieures, propositions dont ils out aniplement develiqpe lew motifs a son Excellence Jl. le Chevalier l?agot. L'Enipereur espcrc quo ces motifs seront apprecies jiav le (jouverneiiieiit de fSii .Majesto Britannicpie, et que M. rAmbassaileur d'Angleterre les t'era valoir avce ce desir de rapprocher les opinions resjieetives (pi'il a iiKuiif\ste d;ins tout le eours de cettc iicgociation. Sa Majeste Imperiale est au regret de lie pas la voir teniiince des a present ; mais elle se tlattw que les lesulutions detiiiitives du (Cabinet de bondres empecheront sans doute ees pourparlers do demciu'ev steriles. leius inteiettt il la (Jraiide- ivoient ordio Saint-Felp.i-sbouriu le 17 (2il) Jfuix, 1821. 0\ I (Translation.) ♦ho o be eni- the 50 of .11 it tUo 'Die Plenipotentiaries of Russia have brought ti the knowledge of the Enqicror, their Master, the last proposals which Mere made to them by Sir Charles Hagot in regard t.) the line of demaication which should separate the It'issian possessions from the English possessions on the nortli-west coast of the American continent. After being carefully examined by His Imperial Majesty, these proposals do not seem to him to be of such a nature th;it they can be accepted. The Emperor charges ins Plenipott'iitinries to repeat to the Ambassador of England — That the possession of Prince of Walts Island without a slice (portion) of territiir\ upon tlio ooast situated m front of that island could be of no utility >vliatever to Russia. That any establishment formed ujion said island or upon the surrounding islands would find itself, as it were. Hanked by the English establislimentH on tlu mainland and completely at the mercy of these latter. That, in consequehce, such an arrangement could not in any wise conform to the principle ^)f mutu!".! .'.cccmiinodation. Tl'.at besides, according to the testimony of the most rei^ent ma]iR piddislied in England, no English eotablishmei.t exists either on the coast of the eontinent itself or north of the r)4th degretv of n(,L-th latitude. '.''hat thus, even if the boundaries fixed for the lliw^i.-.n possewiions by the Charter of 48 179!' Imd not in their favour the tadt consent of all the Powers for the past twenty-five years, Russia would yet exei'cise, on this part of the coast, precisely the s-'inie rights as Great Britain, from which it results that the question would always have to bo decided, not according to the exclusive interests of one of the two Empires, but in such a way as to reconcile tiicir mutual inlciests. That finally, as to the navigation of the rivers, llussia believed tiiat she had offered to Great Uritnin all tiic advantages and concessions that the latter could desire. And tliat, in view of tiiis state of tilings, the Plenipotentiaries of His Imperial Alajesty iiad received orders to insist upon their previous proposals, tiie reasons for which proposals tiiey had fully exjtlained to his Excellency Sir Ha got. Tlie Emperor hopes tiiat these reasons will bo appreciated by the Government of Ili.^ IJritamiic Jlaj'.'sty, and tliat the Andiassador of lingland will give them tlieir pr>)per weight, •with that desire to reconcile the respective opinions wliieii he has displayed tl'ii:ughout the course of those m'gotiations. His Imperial Majesty regrets not to see them termiiinted at the present time, but he is pleased to believe that the final decisions of the London Cabinet will prevent these discussions from being barren of result. St. rrteivhnrgh, M,ur/i 17 (2!l), 1824. Inclosure t! in No. 31. M('iiionm Count JAereii. M. Ic roiiite, Saint- Pvter.-!ig'ot, vcliitives in x i'l'diilit'ice (jui ddivcnt Ki'parcr If.s J)os■f;f■^■Hi(lnK Russos des po.«so^i(iiis Aiij;loinc.s pnr l;i cotu i;(ii'd-(iiufit di.' r.'uni'rirpR'. Auj'niu'd'liui, I\[. lo Couito, jc vdUR dovt'l-.ppciai Ics iiuitiik qui uu iidus did pas pcniiis ilncccptcr les propositions de rAiiibat--KMdt'nr d'Anglcttrrc. Pour no pas cntror sans iiocL'Ssito daii.s do Irop long-n d.'lails, je mo bornorai ii diiicnti r ici lo Doint do la qnestion sur loqnol nons n'avons pu tonibcr d'aci ord. L'Oukaso du 4 (10) Soptend)ro, 1H21, avoit porte jusqn'an 51° do latitude fioptontrionalc les litnites des doniaines de la Kussie sur la cote noi-d-ouost du continent Aniericain. Ccpondiuit, I'Knipereur s'etant convaincu fpio presquo a la nionio cpcxiuo la Coinpagiiio Angloiso do la liaio d'Hudbon avoit f'onno des ctablisnoniens par les i)n° et .")4° do latitude soptcntrionale, et quo ce.s t'tablissomcns n'otoient nionic plus tres eloi}j;nes do la cote, nous autori^a h donnor, dos Tonverturo dos ncgoeiatioiiH, une pre-ivo do ses intentions coiiciliantes, en declarant a Sir Charles IJagot quo ncus nous ticndnoiis aux liniitea assif^iiees a nos possessions Ann'ricaines par la Cliarto do rEnqiero.ir Paul, qu'en conseqiuneo la ligni' du ").")<■ dej:;re le latitude septentrionalo eonstitueroit an midi la iVontiere des Ktats de Sa JIajeste liiiperiale, quo sur le continer.t et vers I'cst, cetto IVontiere pourroit courir lo long- des niontagnc* qui Kuivent les sinnositi's de la cote ju.sipi'au llont Klie, ot quo do ce point jus(]u'a la Mer Glaeialo nous fixerions los bornos des possessions rcspeetivos d'aprcs la ligiio du l^O"^ deg:i'o do longitude ouost nieridien I'o Greenwieli. Afin de no pas coiqior I'llo du Prince do Galks, qui selon cet arrangenient devoit roster a la Hussio, nous pioposions do porter la frontiere meridionale do nos doniaines an i>-i° 40' tie latitudi' et dc la fairo aboutir sur lo continent au Portlai. 1 Canal, dont reinlxucliure duns I'ocean est a la iiauteur do 1 'Ic du P'ince de Galles et I'origino dans los torres entre le ao^ ot od^ do latitude. Cetto proposition lu nous assuroit qu'une etroito lisiere sur la cote nieiiio, et olio laissoit aux etablisseniens Anglois to'it i'espaec neeess.uro pour so multiplier et seti-ndre. ^'ons verrez, M. lo Comte, par les pieces ci-jointes, qii'e:i outrc^ nmis annoneions IVnivorturo du Pt)rt do Novo-Arcliangelsk et que nous pronH;ttions In libro navigation des tieuvcH qui so trouveroient sur notro territoire. Apres quel(pu;s discussions, les dernicrcs contrc-propositions de Sir Charles Bagot furent do comprendre touto I'llo du Prince dc Gallos dans les possessinns dc la Russie. mais de stipider que notro iVontiere suivroit do cetto lie la passe dite'Dukc of Clarence's Sound," et qu'ello ii'aboutiroit h la coto qu'au-dessns du oCP de latitude septcntri. nalc. [Cetto difFercnco, si on la considcro sur la ,?arte, jvnnit JMsigiiilianlo au premier ciiip dVeil ; elle est neanmoins si csseiitielle pour nous qu'il nous • ibHohnuont inqiossiblo d'adliercr au ))lan de demarcation trace par lo Plenipotcntiaire de Sa ^laj i! Hiitaiiiiiquc] Nons lui avons expose, dans notro reponso a sa secoh le note vcrlcde ot dans notro i('']'iiqi;i' du 18 Mars, des ctnisiderations quo nons no pouvons perdrc d' vuc el (jui nous senil'lent decisives. L'Enipcrenr vous charge, 51. lo Comte, d'inviter le Cabiip t di' Saint-Jnmes a les poser aveo la plus inure attention, et Sa Majeste so flatto ([u'a la suite '''nn I'xameii npartial il s'enipressera lui-meme do roconiioitre coinbicu nos raisons sont graves et legitimes, En premier lieu, aucun Ktat n"a reclame contre la Charte do I'lMupereur P.nil, et ee mI' iico imiversel pent ot doit ctro envisage coanne une reconnaissance de nos droits. On nous objecto (jue nous n'avons pas forme d'ctablisscnient etabli sur la cote iiord- ouest au-dessous du ■")7° de latitude, f.'ela est vrai, mais dans la saison de I i elmsse et de lii pctlie la cote ec le.s eaux avoisinantes sont exploitees par notre Conqiagnie \niericaine bien au d'la du itb'^ et du ;")4° paiallelo. Ce genre (l'oceu])ation est le soul dcuit cos parages soient Busccjitibles, ou du nioins lo soul qui suit neccssaire lorsqu'uu pen plus an nord on a l'ond6 et organise des Colonies. Nous sommes done pleinement on droit d'insister sur la coni 'luatioii d'nn benelice quj notre commereo s'csr assure des rannee 171t'.>, taiidis quo les '■umpagnios Angloises do la iiaie d'liudson ot du \ord-( )uost out ti peine atteint depuis Irois ,i voisinago de ces latitudes, tandis qu'ollos n'occnpenr encore aui/nn point qui toucho ti 1 ocean, et qu'il est notoiro que e'est ])our ra"-enir sculement ou'olles cliorc'lient ii s'y moiiager hs profits de la chasse et de la peclie. Aiiisi nous voulons c')n>'ervi'i; ot les (.'omjiagnios Angloises veident acijiit'rii: Cetto senle eircoiKstunco suflit pour juslifier nos projiositions. Elles no sont pas nioins oonl'ormi s au principo des coiivonancos mntnelles, qui devoit servir de base a la ncgociation. Si rile du Prince do (ialles nous demeure, il taut qn'elle puissi! nous etro de quelque utilit(''. Or, d'apres lo plan do rAmbassndenr d'Angleterro, olio no seroit pour ii'jiis qn'uiie charge et prestpie un inconvenient. Cetto ilc, en eilbt. et les etablisseinens quo nons y foriiierions so trouveroieu:: entiereinent isoles. ju'ives de tout soutien, cnveloppcs par les domaines de la Grande- IJretagne et ii la inen'i des establissoinens Angkiis de la cote. Nons nous epuisorions on fiais dc garde et do Riirveillance dont aucune compensation n'allcgeroit le I'ardeuu. Un arrangenient pureil reposeroit-il sur lo prineipe des convenances niutuelles ! 1'^ * This (lcs|i;\teli is wrongly il;i(c(l 182:? nnd piiblislio.i out of its order in the ISi'itiHh poiiipilation ("Knr-foal Arbitration," vol. iv, p. ;ti)'.)). In tlie KnsRiiin nroliiv 's it bonra dato 1824, ami its (-oiitcntN sliow it relates to tlio Banic nofrotialions as are narrated in Sir C. Bagofs (U ^/atoli of Miiroli 17 (2i)), 1824. (See No. 31.) [487] O 50 Nous invoqtioiiH toutefois ce principo aveo (rautant plus do justice que rAugletevro cUo- mC'ine a piouve ■\):n- nu aeto autlujutiquo cju'cUi! n'}:;anloit ciimino douteux ses droits K.ur lo territoiro dont elle dcinando raljamlmi. Li', Convoiitiou passui' lo 20 OctoLve, 1818, ontro la (^jui' do Loiidre.s ot Ioh Etats-Uiiis diiciavo propi-iiitu comiuune des deux Puissances ])our dix nn'i toute I'eteudue do pays eouqn-ise eutro les Hoeky Mouutaius, I'Oceau Paeitiqiie, et les jiosstssions Kusses. Les titrcs des Etats-Uuis a la ssoiivcraiuete do eo pays sout done aussi valalilfs quo ceux do rAngletene. Cepoi\dant, lo Cabinot do AVasliinf;;ton a roeonnu quo uos liniites dovoient deseondre jusqu'au 51" 40'. II I'a reeonuu par luie transaetion ibrnu'llo quo nous venous do paraplier avic son Plenipotentiaire, et ('(.tto reeonnoissance n'a point pour eonsu|uenei^ unique de Ibi-tifier uos ar^'uniens; clle nous procure d'autres rosultats auxipiels nous attaeliions, avee raison, lo plus liaut interet. Trainpiillis de ce cote, nous n'avons niaintenant aueune crainte a nourrir, et le Cabinet de Londres eonviondra sans douto qu'nn tel etat do. elioses nugineuto lo prix des saerifiees que nous Ini fiflVons. l^eja il existo uno dillerenco de pros de i" ontro la deiiiarcation do I'OukaBO dn •} (10) Septenibre, 182L et eollo quo nous indiquons aujourd'lnii. Los etablisseinens des Conipaynies Augbricies peuveut oecuper (x't intervaile. A Test ils jieuvent luiir les deux eotes de rAuieriquo ; an niidi rien n'enipeelie (juils n'acquioreiit uno '.xtension eoii.sidorable. Pour ncuis, nous bornons nos doniandes a cello d'unc simple lisicro du contiuuit, et aliii do lover touto olijoetion. nous gavantissons la iibro navigation des lleuves, wn aunon(^ons I'lniverture du Port de Novo-Arohangelsk. La I'ussio no sanroit ponsscr plus loin sos concessions. I'lle nVn fera pas d'autres, el clle est atitoriseo a en attendre do la part do rAn^lctcrro : niais oncove une ibis, clle no roelanie (pie des coneessions negatives. On no pout eflectivonicnt assez le rcpctcr, d'apves lo tenioignagc dcs cartes les plus rcccntos, rAnglcterro no possolo auciui otablisscmont, ni a la hauteur du Portland Canal, ni an bord inemc do I'oecan, ot la Russie, quand olio insisto snr la conservation d'uii medioero espaec do torro forme, u'insisto au fond quo sur lo moycn do fairo valoir; nous dirons jjIus, de ne pas perdre les lies cnviniinnntes. C'est la position dont nous parlions tout ii I'laeure ; nous no reclierclions aueun avantago; nous voulons eviter do graves incjDnveiii-.'ns. Eu resume, iL le Conite, si Ton consiilte le (b-oit dans cetto negoeiation, la Russie ii celui qu'assure, d"unc part, \\i\ eonsentenicnt tacite, mais incontestable, de I'autre, une explfiitatiou ])aisible depuis viiigt-eiuq ans et qui pout etrc considerco connuo ecpiivaleuto h inio oeeupatiou continue. Si Ton invocpie lo priiicipo des conveiuuiccs mutuelles, la Russie laissc au devcloji^'cmcnt ])rogressif lies etabjissemens Anglois xuie vaste otcnduo do coto ct do territoire; olio leur assure do libres dobouclies; elle pourvoit aux intercts de Icur commerce, ct pour componser taut d'fiffros dietecs par lo plus sincere esprit de conciliation, clle so reserve imiquemont un point d'appui sans lecpiel il lui seroit impossible de garder luio inoitic do ses domaint'S. De tolles \ lies n ont lu'soin quo d'etre presentees dans leur vrai jour poiu- qu'un Couvernenu'iit oomme celui do la Urande-llretagno saelio les apprceior. Douter de s )n adhesion dans cetto eireonstance, ce seroit douter de sa justice; ct il vous sera facile, TEmpereur se plait ii lo croire, d"obtenir le cousentement definitif de I'Anglet'n-ro a uue trnnsaetiou ipii renq;liroit uos vttux ct nos osperanets, en prcvonai't toutc discussion ultericuro. Recevez, &c. (Signed) NESSELRODE. (Translation.) Jly Lord, ."?<. Petershimjh. April 17, 1824. By my despatelies of the ITtii of this month* 1 have made known to your iCxcellency the unsatisfucttu'v rt'SuUs of our negotiations -with Sir C. Bagot in regard to the boundary lines ■which are to separati^ the Russian possessions fr(uii the English poss.>;sions along the nort'i-west coast of Anuniea. To-day, my Lord, I will explain to yoii the nujtives which have in' vented us from accepting tlio proposids of the English Ambassador. Not to enter Iinther than is necessary into too long details, I will limit myself to discussiug hero that point of the question on which wo ^v•ere not able to agree. The Ukaso ot 4th (l(Jth) Scptend)er, 1821, carri<;d the domains of Russia on tiie north-west <'oa8t of the Anieiican continent down to the 51st degree of uortli latitude. Nevertheless, the Enqioror, being convitu'od that at almost the same epoch the English Hudson's Ray (Jompany had formed OBtablishmcnts about ,W" and ;')4° north latitude, and that these establishments were not very far removed from the coast, has authorized us to give at the outset of the negotiations a proof of his conciliat6° of latitude. This proposal will assure to uk merely a narrow "lisiere" (strip of fenitory) upon tlie coast itself, and will leave to the Knglii-li establishnients all the needful i^paee for inercase and extension. You will see, my Liml, by the annexed documents, that we further announced the opeiiinj; of the Tort of Xovo-Arehangelsk, and that we promised free navigation of the rivers which nn'ght bo within f)ur tt'rritory. After some discus.sion the last counter-propositions of Sir Charles Bagfit were to include all of Prince of W'aks Island within the Kussian ti^rritory, but to stipuhite that stablislnuents ot tho English Companies could occupy the intervening .space. (.>n the east, they could unite tlie two coasts of America; on the .south, nothing prevents their Avide extension. For ourselves, Ave limit our demands to a mere strip cf the continent, and in order to remove all cause for objection avo guarantee tlie free navigation of tho rivers and announce the opening of ti.e Port of Novo-Archangelsk. llussia cannot stretch her concessions further. Siie will make no olb.er.s and she is aniiiorized to expect some coneessions on the part of England: but once again, she demands only negative concessiouH. It cannot be reiterated with sulHcient pesiliveinss that, aeenrdin.g to the most recent charts, England possesses no establishment, either uj) to the latitude of Portland (Jhannel K 52 So far as the principle of mutual expediency is concerned, Russia leaves an enormous stietcl* . of const and land to tlio progressive devoloiiincnt of the English establishments; siio injures them freo outlets ; she provides for the interests of their connnerce, and, in compensation for all thcso benefits, which the most sincere spirit of conciliation has impelled her to oflfer, she reserves for herself only one point of support, -without which it would be impossible for her to keep half of her tlomnins. It is only necessary tluit these views be presented in a proper light to insuro their apprecia- tion on the jiart of a (xovcrnment lilco tiiat ipf (ireat Ih'itain. To doubt its (•omplianeo in this matter Wdidd bo to doubt its justice, and the Emperor is plcaseil to believr that it will bo easy for you to obtain the deiiiiitivo eonsi-'ut of England to a eompioniise wliieii, by preventing all future discussion, would satisfy our dtsires and our hopes. Receive, &c. (Signed) NESSELRODE. No. 33. -1/;'. G. CanniiKj tu Sir C. Bngot. (No. 18.) Sir, Forelijn Office, April 24, 1824. YOTTR despatches to No. 23, inclusive, received here on the 14th instant liy the messenger Draflen (alter an unusually expeditions journey), have been laid before the King. Tlie courier whom your Ivxeellency mentioned as being dispatched to (.'otuit Lievon at the Bame time with Draften has not yet arrived — at hast so I learn from Count Lieven, who denies having yet received the instructions which he is promised. I take advantage of the departure of Sir Alexander Jhdet, whom His JIajesty has been pleased to allow to be attached to your Excellency's Endtassy (Mr. I'doomfield, whose a.ssistnnce 1 had so long ago promised, not being yet able to leave England), to acknowledge tliu recf.'ipt (17).) M. IrC.n.to, Lo,rJn:«, !>' H) .^f il croji'' quo celles-ci sent iinpartaitos, ot quo les inontagnes dovant scivir de frontiere pourraient, en s'oeartant do la cote au dela de la ligne indiquee, onelaver uno eteiulue do torritoiro considerable, il de'siro que cello epic nous reoianu)ns S(jit jilus preeisement designee, alin de ne point coder on voalit^ au delii de ce quo notro Cour domande. et do co que I'Angleterre est disposoo a accorder. (li.) "Dans la fixation d'un degro do longitude plus occidental (pu; la li'nite designee pai' notre Cour an nord dn Mont Elie." Le Cabinet Imperial a propose quo cette limite soit forme par uno ligne de pndougntion tracee vers lo nord, a partir du l;i'J° de longitude (nieridion do ( ireenwich). En suivant cetto oirection, la frontiere Uu.-^se aboutiruit, sehm le (Touverncnient Anglais, a renibouehurc supposeo de la lliviere do I\Iaekenzio, qu'uno expedition onvoyee tout reeeniment par oo tiouvernoniont vient encore d'etre eliargeo d'explorer plus on detail. La fixation do cette limite pourrait done, a son avis, amener uno t'ollision ontre los possessions des deux (iouverniniens, (pi'il est dans rinteret et lintention do tons les deux d'cviter. Pom itteindre ce but, lo Cabinet do Londres propose que la ligne de demarcation, en partant du Mont Klie, au lieu do Suivre la jirolongation du l;?!l° de longitmle, prenue uue direction jjIus oeeidenlale suflisanto pour reeartor de !'( uiboiU'huro do la Itivioro Mackenzie. Mr. Camiing in 'a assxu'e qu'il a rencontre los plus grandes ette piece serait sou.aiiso a la Cliainbre, et le mottre ii nieaie de prcniver que, si le Oouverneinent Anglais faisait un abandon do droits a la llussio, il n'en stipulait jias iiioins en nienio temps uno juste leeiproeitc de concessions. L'arriere-peuKee de I'eflot quo ses actes publics pourront produire au Parlenient peroe dans toutes. [4 87] r ';* V ri4 IcR piicoM (jiii ('iNnnciit du Sicn'fniro (VKtiit, ft ^i jo n'nvitiH (i(/()H, A/in/ 20 (./((/ic 1), 1824. .lust (If I \Vi\H aliont to srud y(\nr l'',xcollon."y my licportK ol' to-day, nndcv Xos. Hl-'.lf), I roccivod tlio dosiiatcli wliicli y(.u did nu; tlus lioiioui- to address nx; under date of the /iih (17th) April, and which contains the last projiositionsi of oiu' riovennnont with ro;:;ard to the lino f it, gave mc the assui'ance that ho would enable mo to give perfectly satisfac- tory reasons for this tlelay. Nevertheless, an increase of Parliamentary labour's, the arrival of the reply of the (^abinot of JIadrid upcni the question of tho (\)lonies, and tlio subsequent news from Lisbon, absorbed all the leisure of tho Secretniy of State to such a degree that it was not until yesterday that I obtained, by dint of urgent solicitation the reply which j-our Excellency will find inclosed, in the original and in translation. As Jlr. ( !aniiing has united the two subjects in the same document, I shall follow tho order which he has observed, and shall first take up tho question of the negotiations relating to tho settlement of tho Ixmndaries on the north-west coast of America. J. Y'our Excellency will notice by Mr. Canning's desiiatch that tho English (iovernment agrees to accept the terms last proposed by our Court, and that Sir (Charles l>ag;;t is about to receive authority to sign, upon these bases, the Convention wliicii will permanently settle tho state of our frontiers in America. Tlie conditions placed at the discretion of the Rritisli Ambas- sador on this point will probably not appear to the Imperial Ministry of a nature to diminisli tho value of this concession. They consist — (((.) " Of a more d(!finitc description of the limits within which the portion of territory obtained by Kussia on the eoiitinout is to be inclosed." Tho proposition of our Court was to make this frontier run along the mountains which follow the windings of the coast to JIouii*' Elias. The English Government fully accepts this line as it is laid off on tho maps ; but, as it thinks that the maps are defective, and that the mountains which ar(> to serve as a frontier mij,'lit, by leaving the coast beyond the line designated, inclose a ciiiiBiderablo extent of territory, it wishes the lino claimed by us to be described with more exactness, so us not to cede, in reality, more than our Court asks and more than England is dispo.sed to grant. (i.) '• Of tlie selection of a degree of longitude farther to the west than tlie line designated by our Court north of Mount Ehas." The Imperial Cabinet proposed that this boundary should be i'ornieJ by a line of prolongation drawn towards the north, beginning at the liJOtli degree of longitude west of Greenwich. My following this direction tho llussian frontier would end, according to the English (iovernment, at the supposed mouth of tlie Jlackenzie Kiver, which an expedition sent very recently by tiiat Government has just been again ordered to explore more in detail. The establishment of that boundary might, consequently, produce a collision between the possessions of tho two (ioverii- meiits, which it is in the interests and intentions of both to avoid. In order to attain this end, the Cabinet of London proposes that the line of demarcation, starting from Mount Elias, instead of following the prolongation of the 13i>th degree of longitude, shall take a more western course, siifficient to divert it from the mouth of the Mackenzie River. Ml'. Canning assured me that he had found the greatest difficulty in gaining the consent of the Hudson Bay and Norih-West Companies to the plan of demarcation proposed by our Court, and that they regard, especially the cession of the whole of Prince of Wales Island, as of much greater importance than it appears to Russia. To the remarks which 1 made to the Secretary of State as to the uselessness of the demands inserted in his reply on the subject of the free use of the rivers inclosed in the Ituseian possessi(JB8, and of the neighbouring seas, and with respect to the rights asserted in the Ukase of the 5'e«r 1821, concerning the exclusive navigation of the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, as t!»e first of these points had been expressly granted by our Court, and the other was settled by 8S the Convention ('(iiicludod M-ifli tlio United StafiM, Mr. ('annirijj; rcpliiil tluit tlicso two (k-inaiiJii liftd not bijon ionniilitti'd liy him t'ortlioir wci^'iit in the ovuh of om' (iovi^rnnit'iit, Imt only to liu'iiinh iiini with iii'^'tnicMf') iipiinsi liiH udvcrsaricH in I'lirlianitiit in i'iihc this ihicinncnt should ho «uhinitt(Ml to tho IIkuhc, iiml to t'nubio iiini to provo tinit, it' tlic Kii(j;nNh (invi'rnnu'nt iihiin- (hnied any rights to IfuHsia, it none tho h'SH stipnhiteda juHt rociprncity of (Joiici'SHioiiM. 'I'hu Hcorot tiionftlit of tho ctrcct wiiic'li IiIm pubho actn may produeo in l*Mrlianii;iit diMplays itHuU" in all tlio dociimcntM cmaniitinf!; from tlic Sucri'tary of State, and if I had not bucn ))artic!uii;rly (h'HiroiiK on tin's occasion to avoid tlio inconveniences wliich I hiivc! more tlian once found in trn;;tinf;; to merely oral expIanatidiiH, 1 would not have iusinteil us I did Ujion a written declaration, in wiiicli 1 expected that the Secretiiry of State would endeavour to conceal his reHponsibility under all tho rcKer^'ationH (hat the mdyect adinilti'd, (Here l'oll lie drawn jiarallel with the coast, as far as Jloiint tSt. I'llias, is not carried too i'lir iidaiid. 'i'his is done hy a jimvis;) that that line sheuld in no I'liso (i.r., not in that of the mountains, ■which ajijiear by the map almost to liorder tlie coast, turning out to he far removed from it) bo carried further in the I'ast than a specilicd nnmlicr of leagues I'rom the sea. 'I'iie utninst extent ■which His Majesty's (lovcrnnient would lie dis|iosed to concede would be a distance of 10 leagues; but it would ln' desiiabU* if your Kxeelleiicy were enabled to obtain a still more narrow limitation. 2. Article V of the "projet " is copied from Article IV of tlii; (Convention between Russia and the I'niti'd States of Ainericti. I5y the AnieiicMU Article the right of visiting resiicctively and resorting to each other's p(issessions is limited to ten years. Tint; limitation is left in blank in the "orejet." u'e shduld have 111) objection to agree to the Article without any liniitatinn of time. AVo Klionld ju'efer a longer period (say tweiily years) to that stipulatiil by the Americans. Y(jur Excellency will obtain either of these extensions if vou can, but you must not agree to a shorter term than ten years. Your Kxcellency will be careful to make it understood that this limitation of time cannot in liny case extend to the use by (Ireat JJritain of the Harbour of New Areluiiigc'l, still less of the livers, creeks, iiie., on the continent, the us(> of all which is in the nature of a compensation for tlio perpetual right of territory granted to ]{ussia, and, therefore, iniisl; be alike jierpetnal. If your Excellency shall, as I cannot doubt, conclude and sign this (Jonvention hefoio your departuri', you ■will make it a point to bring with you tlu; ratiiieation of the Russian tlovcrnment to be exchanged liy Count Jjieven against that of His Majesty. I have, &e. (Signed) UEOllGE CANNIXG. Inclosure in No. 38. Draft Convt'nt'toii, HIS jMajesty the King of the United King- «l(nn of (ireat liritain and Ireland, and His l\Iajesty the' Emperor of all the Hussias, being desirous of draxving still closer the ties of tVieiid- sliip and good iinderstanding wliieh unite tiieiu, hy means of an Agreeiiu'iit which shall settle, upon the basis of recijiroeal convenience, the different points connected with the eornmercc, navigation, and iisheries of their Hubjecls on the Pacific Ocean, as well as the limits of their ,po8S touclie 11 la (('ite de la terre fianie sitlldo an /it)'' degr(!' de latitude iiord. De ce point ello suivra cc'tte vdtv paralleleineiit ii ses simiosites, et ROUS oil dans hi base vers la mor des niontagnes (-[ui la bordent, jusiju'au 1 .'Jil'' dogre de longitude ouest du dit nu'^ridieii. l''t de lii, la snsdiie ligne nH''ridionale du 1 ll'.t'' d('gr('' de longitude (iiiest, en sa iirolnngation j'usipra la Mer Glaciale. forniera la liiiiite des p.issessidiis riritanni(pi('.-i ct Hiisses, sur le dit Continent de I'AiiH'riipie du iKU'd-duust. AirncLE III. ARTICLE III. ■ It is. nevertheless, understood, with regard to the stipulations ot the preceding Article: — 1. That the said line of coast on the Continent ot America, ■which forms the boundary of tlie Russian possessions, shall not, in any case. (^xtend more than marine leagues in breadth from the sea towards the interior, at whatever distance the aforesaid mountains may be. 2. That liritish subjects shall for over freely navigate and travel along the said line of coast, and along the neighbouring islands. 3. That, the navigation and eommerco of those rivers lA' tlie continent wdiieh cross this line of coast shall be o])en t(j Itritish subjects, as well to those inhabiting or visiting the interior of this continent, as to those coining from the Pacific Ocean, who shall touch at these latitudes. 11 est convenn, ii(''annio!ns, par rapport anx stipulations d'j rArlicle prt'ci^'deiit : — 1. (}\u: la susilite lisier',' de c(')te sur le C'Hi- tineiit de rAiiRTique, formant la liniite des possessions Riisses, ne doit, en aucnii (.'as. s etoiidre en largeur dej)nis la mer vers rintih'ieur, an dela de la distance de lieiies inaritinus, a (piehple distance (pie seroiit les inisditcs niontagnes, 2. (^iie les sujets I'.iitaniiirpies iiavigueront ot comnierceront libreiiunt a perpiHiiite sur la dite lisiere de ei"ite, et sur idle des iles ipii I'avoisinent, 3. t^ue la navigation et le .'oinraerce des tleuves du continent tra versa nt cette lisie.e seront libres aux suj'ets Hritanni()ues, tant a ec'ux habitant oil fril'ipieiitant riiiti'riein' de ee continent, qii'ii eeux qui aborderont ces panges du c(')te de rOd'au Paci(i(pie. AIITICLE IV, ARTICLE IV, The Port of Sitka or N(n-o-Archaiigelsk .shall be, and shall for ever remain, open to the com- merce of the subjects of His Britannic llajest\', [487J Le Port de Sitka on Novo Avclumgelsk sera, et restera ii jamais, ouvert au conuiierce de.i sujets de Sa Majeste Britinni(][ue. Q 58 AUTICr.E V. ARTKT.K V. With regaiil to tho (itliir partH of tl»o iKJitli- avc'hI coaHt of AiiH'i'icii, ami of llir ixlaiiclH ndjacoiit tliurolo, lu'ldnj^in^ lo ciflur cif tlic two Jli^li ('oiitiacting I'artitK, it j.s af;it'C(l liiat, ioi- fill' H|iai'(' iif yuaiH IVoiii llin Ainii, 1H2I, tlifir nH]u'cfivo vohhcIh, ami tlioHo of tlioir Miliji'c'irt, Nliail rfci|ii»>caliy iii.joy llio iil)cit_v of visitiii)^, witiidiit iiimli'aiioj, the guIfH, liavt'iic, uml ci't oii.s (it tliu Naiil coaMt, in |ila<'('H doI alri'aily occuiiicil, for tlic |)iir|ioHc.-( of IIhIk ry ami of coiii- Jncn.'i' with tiii) iiativcH (jf tiiu (■oimtry. It liciiig iimli'i'Htooil : 1. 'I'lint tlic Hiiliji-'ctM of cilliiT of till' lli>j,li i'ontrac'liii;;' i'aitii'rf shall not laml at any Hpot whirc thuro may liu an cHtMliliMJinn.'nt of tiiu other, withont tho pt'i'misKion of thu (iovcinor ill' other authority of the place, nriless they shoiilil he driven thitiur liy streNs of weather or other nceiilents. 2. Tliat the iitai-iny not to permit the above-mentioned artielen to be sold or tvans- ferrtd, in any matter whatever, to the natives of the eountry. I'ar raji|>ort mix iuitro8 partieM deM coteM dti Continent do I'Ameriipie du mird-om'st, et den ilcH (pii ravoisiiient, appartenantcM I'l I'lme et a I'untre di'H deiix llanteH Parties ( lonliaetanteH, il est eonvenu (pie pendant Tespaee de dix inm ii ( i)n)i(t(!r (In Avril, 1H24, lenrs vaisseaiix respeetifs, et eenx de leurs snjets, pourront r(''ei- pro([nement fn'^qnenter, sans entrave, lesjjfolphes, lliivr(.'d, et ('ri(pK'H des dites eotes, daim des eii- droitn noii d(ijtt oeeuiM''s, aiin d'y faire la peeliu it le eonnnere(- aveeles naturels dn pays. Hien entendn : I. t^iU! ]>artont oil il se tronver.t im (!'lab!isse- nielit de I'line des Mantes Parties ( 'ontraetniites. les siiji'ts de I'antre ne poiniont y aborder, saiiH la permission dii 'JiMumamlant on autre prepos(5 do eet eielroit, a nioins ijn'ils n'y si ront forces par temi)etes(Mi (pn'liine antr(^ accident. 'J. t^ne la dile liberie de connneree ne c'oni- jircndra point eeliii des liipieurs si>iritneUHes, ni des armes a feu, des armes bjanclu's, de la jioiidre a (.'anon, on d'autrex especes de innni- tions do gnerre. Tons les(pielH articles les deiix l'nissan(,'es H'eng'a).;ent reeiproqnement de no point laisser vi'ndre ni transferer, en mani(''ro (pieleon(^ne, aux iudigeues de ees pnys. ARTICLK VI. ARTICLE VI. No establislimcnt shall, in fntnre, be formed by Mritish snbjects, either upon the coast or upon tho borders of tlic (;i)ntiiieut I'omprised within the limits; of the Unssian possessions de- signated in Article II ; and, in lilce manner, no siieli cstablisliments shall be formed by Russian Hubjeots beyond the said limitfi. Dorenavant il ne pourra etro forme par les snjets Britanniiiues ancnn (jtablissement, ni sur les elites ni sur la iisiere dn continent compriseH dans les liinites des pos.'''Ssions I'liHses di'sif^'mjes par I'Article II ; et de menie, il n'en pourra j)as etre fornu; auenn par des snjets lUisties liors dea dites limitcB. ARTICLE VIL Sueli British and Russian vessels navigating these seas, as may be compelled by stress of weather, or by any other accident, to tak(! shelter in the respective ports, shall be at liberty to rctit therein, to provide themselves with all necessary stores, and to put to sea again, with- out tho payment of any duties except port and lighthouse dues, not exceeding thos3 paid by national vessels. In case, however, the master of such ship should be obliged to dispose of some of his merchandise in order to defray his oxpeuses, he shall conform himself to the Regu- lations and Tarifis of the place where he may liave lauded. ARTICLE VIL Les vaisseaux Hritanniques et Russes navi- guant dans ces mers, qui seront fiu'c(-'s par des tempeti'S, ou par (juehpie autre accident, k su r(ifugier dans les ports res[iectifs, pourront s'y radouber e*' s'y pourvoir de toutes elioses iieces- saires, et so remettre eu mer librenient, sans payer au(niu droit hors eenx de port et de« fauaux, qui n'exci^deront pas ce que payeut les navires indigenes. A moiiis que le patron d'uii tel navire no hs trouveroit dans la neeessittj do veiidre quelque marchandise pour defrayer se» (U'ipenses ; auquel cab, il sera tenu do .se coii- former aux Ordoimances et Tarifs de I'endroit oil il auiu aburdc. ARTICLE VIII. ARTICLE Vin. In every case of complaint on account of an infraction of the Articles of the present Conveu- tiou, the officers employed on either side, with- out previously engaging themselves in any violent or forcible measures, shall make an exact and circumstantial report of the matter to their respective Courts, who will arrange the same, according to justice, in a friendly manner. Dans tons les eas de plainte par rapport ii I'infraetion des Articles du prd-seiit Accord, les officiers et employes de part et d'autre, sans so permettre au prealal)le aucuno violence ni voyo de fait, seront tenus do rendre un rapport exact de I'affaire et de ses circonstancee,. aux Cours respccitives, les(pielle8 la termiuerout solon la justice etti I'amiable. ARTICLE IX. AUTHMC IX. Tlic ln'cHciit ('(iiivcntiiiii hIiiiII lie i'ntiflo<1, (uul I.ii jnrHciiti' rniivcntiDii Hcni nififli'c, I't !tii tlic iiititicatiiiiiH hliiill |j<^ i'X( liiiiigcd lit iiitiliciitioiiH I'ti ni lont I'rliiiii^ri-H I'l ilium within lliu f>i>nc'c of HHHitliH, or Hdoncr, if i'lKjmcc ilc iiiciin, ()ii(' lit tliii (liiv ul , ill tile Knit a li' , I'liii dc (IrAct! 1?^JI. yi'iir ot Oiir Lord 1H2I. Xo. :ts». Mr. (i . CiniiiiiKi til Si'f C, lUnHit, (No. -Jit.) .sir, l'\>n'iiiii i>il!,e,JiiliiU.\X2-i. TIIK " pidj'i't " "it a Com tidiiiii wliicli is iiitld.scd in my No. 2() liaviii;^ liccn rimmmiiiiati'il liy niu til Count Licvi'ii, with a iciinust tliat liis Lxii Ik-iiry woiild iiotr any points in it upon wliieli ho conceived any dilKcnlty likely to urisf, or any explanation to lie ncjcKsary, I iiave iveeived IVoin liis Kxci'llcncy tliu ^ti'mmandnni a copy ol wliicli Ih hero incloseil. Yoiii' Hxuellencv will oliMcrve that (hero are hut two poinlH which have struck (Jount Licvcii as rtUBceptible of any ipicstimi. 'i'lic first, thu .•iMMiinplion of tlie Iiasd of the nidnntaiim iiiHtead of the Hiininiit iih the line of lidiindary; (lie sei dud, tlie exteiisimi of (lie rij^'hf nf the iia\ i};atidn di' the I'aiilie to the sen hcydiid Herin^' Straits. As to tlie thst, no {;;reat incon\'enieiice can arisi' from yoiir Lxerlleiicy , if prcsseil fur that alliTatjoii) coiiseiiting' to biihstitnte the sinnniit of tin' niduntains instead o' the seuward liawc, provided always that the stipulatidii as to the extrenie distance from the coast tii wliicli the "lisii'ii?" 18 in any case to run, lie adojitcd (which distunee I have to repeat to yoiir ICxcelluiicy should lieiiiadc iiH short as possililo), and provided a stipulation lie added that no i'oiis shall he estahlishcd or fortiliciilions erected hy either party on the ^unllllit or in the passes ol the inonntains. Ah to the second point, it is perhaps, as Count Lioveii reniarks. nuw. Hut it is to ho reniuvkud, in return, that the circiniiKtanccH under which this additional '-ccurity is reipiired will lie new also. r«y the territorial deniureatiou a^'reed to in tills "projet," Uussii' will hccoiiKi possessed, in •icknowled!,'ed soven i;;,nty of lioth sides, of liering Sfriiits. The Power which coidd tliiiik of niakiiij;:; the I'acitic a iiinir v!aii,'ijours la rime de cos montagnes qui forme la ligne de demarcation. Dans le cas dont il s'ngit ici le mot de hase par k- seua iudefini qu'il presente, et le plus on moins d'extonsiou qu'ou pout lui donner, no parait gncre [iropre a, mettre la delimitation ii I'abri de toutes contestations nlterieures, car il ne serait point impossible, vn Ic pen de certitude des notions geographiqnes ([ue I'on possede encore snr ce« parages, que les montagnes designees pour limite s'eteudisseut par une pente insensible jusqn'au.t Ijords ineme de la cote. Quniit i\ la flauso du mr-int " projot," nyant pour Imt d'assnicv mix \ai«i«caux Aiiglai Ventr(''(> liliro dans la Slor (Uacialc par jc ]>(''triiit dv Horitig. il soiiililc on jjrcniicr licit q"K' cottc^ .t'oii(li1ion, ontii'n'iiR'iit iiouvoUo, est par f^a iiataro I'traiigiiiv a I'lilijot sjn'cial il" I'l iit'f;'i)ciati(iii ; ot Ics tcriuiN geiioraux dans lonipu'ls cUo est coik^mu' fewnt i)cut-r'tiv lu'-Bllcr io (lOiivcMMcmotit TiDpi'iial il radint'ttro sans on ni(idili','r Tondiico aotuol poiu' no point ocposor los coiow ile won jMissossidnw Ai?iati(iuos daiis la ^lor Claoialo aux incdnvoiiioiiK (p:i poiirraiont naitro do la visito doB liatinioiis etramrors. (Traiislaii )ii.) >\. 41. CoKiil LiiCin III Coiift j\V.v.i( //•t(/<'. — { A'lvr/ •(■(/ Aiuntyt "^ (10).) JI. Ir Conito. Loru'n'.i, I'l: V,\ (-J')) . '',',! ,S:i4. V.\\i nu. dopoolio do 20 ]\lai (1"' .Iiiin). Xc iH>. j'avaifs Vluinnour d'inloiinor xot' '•:. .ollonoo do I'oxpoditioii praH.inot Iniporial ot oohii do Wa,vliinf.>;tipn. j'.ii roniarqiio avoc piai.sir ipic lo <«oiivori!oiiif>nt Anglai.s ronon^ait ontiorc'iiioiit a la protonlinn iiu'il avuit or.n'so on dornior liru, rclativonvnt a la tixation il'un dof;'iv dc; lungiiiido jiliiH uooiiloiital quo la. liinilo doyif;iioo par iioiro Coiir, il ])artir du .Mont IClio, ot (pi'il admit anjourd'hui, f mih losd'iotidu, quo coUe liniito siia. tornioo ])ar U!;i' li.iinc dv pri'!iiiij;ati(in iraooo vovs lo nord. on suivaut l;i din otiou duo l")",!'' di .;ro- .1.. I ..■ ...1.. Idllg lUdr. (^)ua'it il la t'roiitioro dcs po.'iso.'^sidn.s rosjiorliv i.« an siid dn .Mont l-ilio. oV-.-^t do loiiji; df la li.'isi- i'ont los .«iiiuo.-;ito.'< du livaj;-o (plo Mr. ( 'annini;- la fait tea n'. .I'm doH nion^a^'ius cpii suivi .■11 cr'i devoir li,i voprosi'utor quo Iimviju on lait ^or^'ir luio /(( ciiiK' do ocs ii.ontaii'iios qui forinr la, Tgrio (U liniito (p,t. . }.{. lo Co. tc, tout 11 oiniiio do numtagiios ii I.i I'xation d'lim loniarcillon : nioin t igatioi! ivoi))roqurs dfx 1)11 ro>t.. }.\. lo Co.. to, tout I'l' qui rogardo Irs droits do ..Vigatioi! ivoi))roqurs (!<'.s deux i*uiss;iu((.s d.Miis cos par.igiR in'a somblo (•(Mnpli.'toiiiont d'ac-.'ovd avoo oi> jui a dojii c'tc ivglo oiiiro notro ( 'oo.r ot los Ktat.'<-l'nis. Mr. {'Miining a sonlomoiit ajouto la oomlition do la liln ' ontroo dos vaissi lai.v Anglais dans la Mor (dacialo par lo I'otroit do Ho.ing. .I'ai ubjooto an Soorotairi' d l']tat ipio .otto olati.so, outioromout nouvollo, ost, par sa mituro, otrangi-ro ii Tolijct, ^;pooial lo la i\og..oi.i*ioii, ot quo Ion tuiuos gonoraiix dans Icsqiiols I'llo ost oom;iio (oiont noiit-o'..o lu'sitor lo ;iiuu',inomont Imp'M'i.il ii radmoitn sans on nioililior Toiionoi' aotnoi. imur 110 point ox]iosor los ootos ili; sos jiosstssions .\siatiqiios aiix iiiooiiv.'iiions (|ni pouri'aiont naitro d" hi visito dos lialiiiions otrangois. Mi. Canning in'a ropondu quo d.'U.^ mot'f's I'avaiont onga"-e il on lain nio..tion : (1) Alin ijuo los oxpoditious ;iirig''".'- vors 1(.' pdL" puissont obtonir iiiio iNsiio libro do la Iior (ilaoinle ii la ['aoili(|iio, si jamais lo passago, objot to taut do reohcrchoH, voiiait. u olre eidiu (' couvort, ot (:i) pour quo la IJuKsio no puisso, dans la suite doH totiips, bo provaloir do la posst isiiin dos d-iix rivos qui I'oriuoiit lo Dotioit do Moring, p>iir on dofondro rcntroe. ooiipno out lait aiitrol'oiH los l)aiiois an Siind. ot aiiio'ird'iiui los 'Turoa aux DardaiiolKs. Tolliij soiit. .M. lo Coiito, ies o.Nplii atioi.., (pii out on lica ii co sujot ontn^ lo St(iot,.iiO d'l'itat ot m.'i: ot >'> Canning ayaut ]nis o" oonsidoratlon los >)bjeotioiis (in'inio iict'iro lapidc du projet do Coiivo iu>>ii '.u'a suggi'roos, il iii'a jnomis du inottio .Sir Cliarlos Hagot ii iiiOnm Ay 61 ir la .■ If III II, >'..t of rn'AV iiiHti'iictioiis for tlio (U'tiiiitiv(( ooiicliisioii of the ( 'onvi'utioii mIiicIi is to nettle tin status ot 'ur fro'i'iitis in Ainc-riea. I liavo II nv till' satisfaction of iiifonniiifj; yoii, ]\1. Ic ( 'ointc. tliat Mr. t 'anniiif;- is ii'oiiij;' to take ailvaiita;;-o of tlw (Icpaituvo of Mr. W'ari! to traiisniit t) tlio I'rilish Ainliassador the autliority to si,i;-ii that Act. The Secretary of iStatc has even i;diic finlher. lie has drawn up Ixforcliand ;i draft of a Convention, which ho has pCMiiiitted nic to read. Ill this draft, the [ilaii of which is, in i!,reat iiieaMirc, liased u]ioii the ('oiivention already tunicluded, upon the same suliji'ct, hctwci'ii the Imperial Caliinet ami that of Washington, I noticed with ])leasur(' that tlu I'aiglish Ciovcriimciit entirely riiionnced the demand which it hail made recently with regard to lixing upiui a degree of longitude farther to the wctst than the liouiulary (Icsigiiatcd hy our Court, lieginniiig at Mount Klias, and that il now agrees, without rcs'rviitinii, that that lioiind.iiy shall he farmed liy .a line of prolongation ihawn toward the liorrh, following the direction of the i;i!)th degree ot haigitiide. As rtgards the Irontier of the respective possessions imam1ain.s that forms the line ef demarcation : and that, in iliis case, the word " hase," Irom the vague inciiiin.g attaciied to it, and the ypeatcr or less e.vtension which may lie given to it. did not jippear to me adapted to ]>rotecfiiig the delimitation in (juisiion from all controversy. As to the rest, Jl. lo Cointc, all that relates to the mutual right;) (it navigation of the two I'owi IS ill those waters apjieared to me to lie in perfect agreement with what iias already l)e('ii arranged betweni our (.'unit and the I'nitcd States. Mr. ('anniiig only added the condition that trie entranee shall he allowed to Knglit'i vessels into the Arctic Ocean throiigii liciiiig Strait, i olijccted to the Secretary of State that tlii.s clause, which is an (.'iitirely inw uiie, \». from its natnre. foreign *o the sjiecial suliject of the iie.i;'otiati()iis, and that the gt'iieral tel'iiiH in which it is couched will perhaj'S cause the Imperial (Jovcrninent to hesitate to accept it ■without amending its present lan;',iiage, in order not to expose the coasts of its Asiatic pussesslons to the inconveinenccs wliic!i iiijiviit arise horn the vi,sits of foreign vessels. Mr. ('anniiitv ri'iilicd lliiii he had heen induced to mention it fur two roafioiis : first, in order "TTIar expeditions sent towards the I'ole may ohtain ii frci^ pa.ssagc from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific, if the jia.ssagc which has been the olijcH't of so many explorations should ever be discnvi red; and second, in order that K'ussia may not, in the course of time, take advantage of their possession of both coasts foiiniiig liering Strait to prohibit [fonigii ve.ssi'lsj from cnterui.g it, as was tormcrly done by the l>aiies in the Sound, and as is now done by the 'I'lirki* in the I)ardaiielles. Such, M. le ("oiute, are llie explanations which took ]ilac<> on this subject between tile iSecretary of State and myself; and Mr. Canning, after considering the olijectioiis which a riiuid reading of the draft of Conveiiti; n suggested to me, promised me that he would eiuible yii Charles Hagot to satisfy our (.'our cop pletely, in case it should think proper to reproduce my arguments. 1 have. iVie. CCS a etc le la. jeete ibjet ■rout I>o. \1. }Fl\ Atlilill'/ld}) III }fv. d'. CdlDlilHI. {/{I'lviirJ Si'I'li'lllfiCr ><.) ^No. ;mi.) Sir, ir,is/iiii,iiiiii. .liii/iisf 2, 1S24. A CONVENTION coiielinled between this (Mivcrnmeiit and that of iJussia i'or the settle- ment of the respective claims of tlu; two nations to the interconiic with the iiorth-wi'stern coast of Anicriiii reached the l)e)iartment of State a tew diiyri since. The main points deterniincd by this iiistrunient are, as far as I can collect from the American Secretary of State, ( 1) the enjoyment of a free and unrestricted intercourse by each nation with all t'i(^ settlements of the other on the luirth-wst coast of America , and (2) a stipulation tli.it no !iew settleiiieiits shall be formed b\- Uiissia south, or bv the I'liited States north, of latitude 5(»° 4(>'. The ijiie; tioii of the iiiiiv clini-iiiiii, tin- sovcnigiity over which was asserted by the Kmiieror of Hussia in bis celebrated I'kase of iML'i, but virtiiidly. if ii> t exiiress'y, renouiieed by a subseipiciit declaration of that Sovereign, has, Mr. Ailams assures nu'. not lieen touched u|ion in the above- mentioned Treaty. Mr. Adams seemed to consider any formal slipiilation recording that rcnnnciatioii as unnccH- tiury and supererogatory. I liav(\ i*ic, (Signed) II. V. AI)IMN(iTO.\. •187 11 mmmm No. 43. Sir C. Bagot to Mr. G. CanniiKj. — (Received September 9.) (No. 41.) Sir, _ _ St. PetimlnmjJu AiuiHxt ]'2. 1S24. YOU Avill certainly k-arn with coiiMdeniblc surprise tliat, no tar tVom having it in my power, U8 I liiifl confidently lio])e(l tiiat I shonld Imve, to b)iiig wiih mo on my return to England a 'J'roaty signed and ratified by tlie Ki\ssian (Joveriunent. upon tlic fiuhji-cjt of tlio noi'tii-west coasts of Auu'ri(;a, I am already enabled to acquaint you that, after only two ineetingB with the Russian Plenipotentiaries, 1 have ascevtained that it in totally impossible to conclude with them any arrangement upon the subject which is at all reconcilable with the ''])rojet " transmitted to me in your despatch No. 2(> of the 12th (.f last month, even it I Wiiro to take upon myself to exercise, upon several points of it, a discretion which is not given to mo by your instructions. To satisfy His ilajesty's tiovernment upcm this Eiibject. it seems only necessary that I should transmit to yoii the inclosed copy of a " contre-projet" otfered tome bj- the Imperial Plenipo- tentiai-ies on the day after our first meeting, viz., r.n .Saturday last, the 21st instant. The differences between this '•contrc-prqjot ' and the "projet" which I had given in are, in many respects, unimportant, consisting either in nnnecessary changes in the expressions, or in the order of the articles, or in other jninor poii?iS, none of which, as I have reason to think, woidd have been tenaciously adhered to. and of ■'vliich some might have been safely admitted. But there are three points upon Avhich the differences appear to be almost, if not altogether, irreconcilable. These points are : •1. As to the ojieni'ig for ever to the commerce of Ihitish svibjectR of the port of Novo Archangelsk. 2. As to the liberty to be granted to British subjects to navigate and trade /b/' ever along the coast of the lisiere Avhich it is proposed to cede to Rushia, from the Portland Channel to the tiOth degree of north latitude, and tlio islands adjacent. ;j. As to the liberty to be given reciprocally to each l^o\ver to visit for a term of years the other parts of the north-west coasts of America. As to the first of these points, the Russian Plenijiotentiaries declare that, however disposed they might and probably should be to renew this liberty to His Majesty's subjects at the expiration of ten years, they can under no circvinstances consent to divest themselves for ever of a discretionary power in this respect by grin! ng such a privilege in perpetuity. Upon this point I reminded the Plenipot'iiitiaries that the trtodom of the port of Novo Archangelsk was originally oifered to Cireat Britain by themselves, unsolicited and unsuggestid by mo, in the first '• contrt^projet " which they gave to me in our former Confere .cos ; that the same oft'er had been repeated by Cdunt Nesselrodo in his despatch to Count Lieven of the Stli Ajjril last, and that upon neither oeeaaion had it been accompanied by any restriction as to any period of time. It is admitted to me that no period of time was speeilied upon those occasions, but that it was never intended to declare 'hat the freedom should be perpetual, and that they could never be iiulii"ed to gv""^ - -ipon s ,ch terms. As to the secv.nd point: The l~us rtcede from tlieir pretensions so far as tboy rogtirJ the three points which I have particularly speoifit d. In closing- yesterday tlie Conference, M'hieh assured me that all fnrtlier chance of negotiation was, for t!ie present at least, terminated, I thought it my duty to remind the Russian PlenipotentiarieH that the maritiiiie jurisdiction assumed by Russia in the Pacific, which he hucl hoped to see revoked in the simplest and least unpleasant manner by mixing it with a general adjustment of otiier points, remained, by breaking ofl" our negotiations, still unretraeted ; and that my Government woidd probably be of opinion that upon that part of tlie question somo arrangement must yet be entered into. It may be proper to add (hat, in n^forence to the 6th ArticK' i>f the •• contre-projot," I gave the Rur-siau I'lenipotentiaries distinctly to understand tliat neither His Majesty's (lovernment noi- tliose of the other maritime Powers of the world would, as 1 thought, bo likely to accept ths IVco navigation of IJering Straits as a concession on the part of Russia. I have, &e. (Signed) CHARLES RAGOT, ^ Jnclosnro in No. 4.1. Couuter-Dfift of the Russutn PlenipvtentMrics. SA Slajesto rEmpereur de Toutcs les liussies et Sa ^lajeste le Roi du Royaunie-Uni deladrande- liretagne ct de I'Trlande voulant resseirer les liens d'anutie et de bonne intelligence ([ui les unissent, nioyeunant un accord (jui reglerait d'a]nvs le prin(ii>e des convenances reeiproques, less linlite^ do leurs possessions et etn1)lisseniens sur la cote nord-ouest de rAnu'riipie, ainsi que differens points relatifs au connnerce, ;'i la navigation, ct aux peeheries de lenrs sujets sur I'Ocean Pacilii|ue, out noiiune des Plenipotentiaires pour rondure une (.'ouveniion a eel effet, savoir, itc, les([uels, apres setic conmnuiiqui', &c., out arrete et signe les Articles suivans: — ARTICLE I. La limine cki deniareatiou cntre les possessions des deux ITautes Parties Coatractautes snr la cote uord-ouest de TAmericpie et les lies adjacentes sera traeee ainsi (pi'il suit: — A partir des deux points ritamn(,ues reniontera au nord i)ar la passe, Jite le Portland Ciiamiel, jusipiau j)oint on cette pa. <■ o terniiiie dans rinieiieur de la terre fernie au ."lO' ilo latitude nord. lie ce point, elle suivra cette >.'ote parallelement a .ses sinuositus jusqu'au ],'!!»'' do longitude ouest (meme UK^ridien) et de l!\, la frontiere entre les possessions respeelivos sur hi continent Anu'rieain sera formee jiar la lignc du susdit degre de longitude dans .sa prolongation jusqu'i\ la Jler Glaciale. ARTICLE II. La lisicH! (le la cote nord-ouest appartenant a l:i IJussie depuis li' I'orllaml Channel j'usipi'au point d'interseetiou du 139° de longitude ouest (nieridien de (!reeii\vicli> n'auia point en largeur sur lo continent jilus de 10 lieues marines a partir du bord de la nier. ARTICLE HI. II est convenu — 1. Que dans le? possessions des deux Puissances, telles qu'elles sont lU'siguiJes aux Articles precL'dens et nonnnement jusqua la har.teiu- dn ."lO" 30' d(^ latitude nord, mais ])oint au dela, leura. vaisseaux ros])ectifs et ceux de leurs sujets am'ont pendant dix ans a compter dn 5 (17) Avril, 1.S24, la l'a(ult('' reciproque de frequenter lilu'euient les f.iilp'ies, Iiavres, eriipies. ilaiis les parties des lies et dirituetises, id les amies a feu et amies blanches, ni la poudre a canon et autres nnmitions de guerre : tons articles quo les Ilautos Puissances Contrnctantes s'engagent ivciproqiieiuent k ne pas laisser vcndre ]iar leurs sujets respectif's aux naturols de la ciite et des iles nord-ouest de rAineriqne. 4. Que sur la lisiere de la dite cote iiidi(piee en I'Article 11 de la pn'sente Convention conime ap]iartonant a la Rnssic les sujets de Sa MajeHte nritannique jouiront a iicrpetnite dela libre naviga- tion des fleuves, soit qii'ils habitent rint(''rieur du continent, soit qn'ilH veulcnt y arriver de I'OceHU I'acifique au nioyeii de ces meiiies tIeuvcB. 64 5. Que le port ile Sitka ou Novo-Archnngelsk sera ouvert, pendant dix aiis, an eommerc&- ^traii<{ftr, et qu'ii I'expiration de ee terme cette franchise sera renouvelee suivant Ics convenances de la ItuHsie. ARTICLE IV. A I'avenir il nc pourra etro foriiK' nuciiii elublisseniunt par les .siijets do P.i ^lajesti' I'ritan- iii(|Uo dans les limitos des possessions IJiisses dusij^nKJes aux Aitiolvs 1 et II et do nionio il ii'eu pourni «ti-e fornio aiicun par les sujets de Sa Majeslo I'luupercur de Toiites los IJussies liors des dites Jiniites. ARTICLE V. Les Halites I'ltissances Contraotantes stipulont en outre que leurs sujets respectifs navigueront lil)i-(Mii('iit, sur touto I't'tondiie de rOccan I'aeil'ciue, taut au uord (pi'au sud, sans eiitra\o (luoleonnuc, et «ju'ils juuironi du droit do prclio on liauto nior, iiiais (pie co droit no jiomTa jamais otio exorco ipi'u la distauco de 2 liouos uiarinos dos ootos ou possessions, soit Ku.ssos, soit Eritnnniipios. ARTKJLE VI. Sa !Majesto rEnii)ereur de Toutos los I'lissios, vdulant nionie donnor ".ii'c ]>rcuve paiticuliore de BBS eL;ards [lour les intorots des sujets do Sa ]Majesto Ijiitaiinique et rendro jihis utile Ic succos des entieiirises, (pii atiraient pour rosultat do dooouvrir uii passage au nord du oontinent Anu'ricaiii, consent fl ec que la libevto de navigation nientionuoe on rAitiole iirooedent s otende, sous les monies conditions,. au Detroit do lieliring et h la mer situt'e au nonl do ce dotioii. ARTICLE VIL Les vaisseaux Russes et Ijritanniques iiaviguaiit sur I'Ocoan racifiquo et la inor ci-dessus iudiquoo, qui soroicnt forces par les teiiipotes ou par (juolcpio avario, do so refugier dans les ])orts resj)eotifs dos Hautes I'artios Contractantes, jio.iuont s'y ra ot de ses oirconstancos a lours Cours respeotivos, losquollos torniineront le diHoroud ii raniiablo, et soloii los principos d'une niutuelle justice. ARTICLE iX. La piosonte Convention sera ratifiee et les ratifications en seront (''changiios dans I'ospace de jHoia, ou plus ti'it si faire s(> pout. En foi do quoi les rk'iiipotentittires respectifs I'ont signije, et y out appos(3 le cachet de lours. anncs. Pait a Saint-IMteisbonrg, le ,1824. (Translation.) His jMajosty the Einpoior of .Ml fiio Kussias and His iAIajosty tho King of the rnitod ■oat liritain ami of Ivoland, dosiring to draw still closer tho ties of friendsliip mid if an Af!;rooiiiont which shall settle, upon eae ('5 ARTICLE 1. Tlio line of doninrciitioii between the iidsscssidns of tlic two Iligli Contrncting Pavtii's on till" nortli-wi'st coast of America and tlic adjacent islands sliall lie diawn in tiie following niHjinci-: I'x'f^inniiit;' at the two points which tovni the sonthei'n extremity of the island called "I'rinco of AN'alcs Island," which latter shall hclonn- wlmlly to Hussia, the jioints hcin^ sitiiateil in Iho parallel of ")4°l(l' of north 1,'ititnde aid lietwren the liilst dej;Tce ."ml liliird decree of west luntiitndi^ (meridian of ( ircenwicli), the line of frontier hetwcen the Hassian jiossessions and the Knylish possessions shall ascend northerly along- the channel called I'ortland (Jhannel as far as the point •where this channel terminates in the interior of the mainland (••terro ferme ") at the otith dei^ri'c of north latitude. From this point it sliali he carried along the coast, in a direction parallel to its sinuosities, as far as the lii^lth degree of west longitude (Bame meridian) ; and liom there the ))oundary-line between the respective ])ossessions on the American continent shall be formed by the line of the said degree of longitude in its <'.\tension as far as the Arctic Ocean. I AUTICLE II. The '"lisiere'' (strip of territory) on the north-west coast belonging to Russia, from I'ortland Chamiel to the point ot intersection of the llS'.Uh degree of west hiiigitudo tmeridian of (ireenwicli)> siudl not be wider on the continent than 10 marine leafiues from the shore of the sea. 2 ARTICLE III. It is agreed- L That in the po.»f storm. ;>. That the above-named liberty of connnerce shall not inchule the trade in sjiiritnous liipiors, in tire-arms, side-arms, g'.mpowder, or other warlike stores; all which articles the High Conti'acting Powers reciprocally engage not to permit to be sold by their respective snt'jocts to the natives of tlu' n(n'th-west coast or islands of America. 4. That on the strip of the said coast indicated in Article II of the [iresent Convention as belonging to Russia the subjects of His Britannic Majesty shall for (/ver enjoy the free navigation of the rivers, Mhether they inhabit the interii>r of the continent or whether they wish to reach the same from the Pacific Ocean by means of tlieK( rivers. ."). That the Port of Sitka or Novo-Archangelsk shall be opeiu'd cluring ten years to foreign commerce, and that at the expiration of tliis period this privilege shall be renewed according to the convenience of Russia. ARTICLE 1\'. No establishment shall, in future, be formed by tlio subjects of His l$ritanni(.' JIajesty M'ithin the limits of the Russian possessions designated in Articles I and 11, and, in the same way, none shall be formed by the subject!! of His Majesty tin' Emperor of All the Russias onti-ide of the said limits. ARTICLE V. 'J'he High Contracting Parties stipulate furtlnr that their respective subjects shall freely navigate on all the extent of the Pacilic Ocean, as well in the north as in the south, without any hindrance whatever, and that they shall enjoy the right of fishing on the high seas, but that inch i^ight shall never be exercised except at the tiistance of 2 marine leagues from either the British or Russian coasts or possessions. ARTICLE VL' His JIajcsty the Emperor of All the Russias, wishing to give a special jiroof of his regard for the interests of the subjects fif His Pritaimic Majesty, and to make more ert'ective the suci'ess of the enterprises Avhich may result in discovering a passage north of the American continent, consents to extend the freedom of navigation mentioned in the preceding Article, luider the same oondition.«, to Beiing Strait and the sea Iving north of that strait. [4S7] ' ' S 66 ARTICLE VII. ]iu(s.':.iim ami Britisli nliips iiiivigiitinj^ tlie Pacifii; Ocean ami the al)i)vo-meiitiiiiioil .sea, wliich may be forcud flimnyli stress of woatlua' ov on aueouiit of ilamago to taki; i-efuge in tliu reHpoctivo ports of tho Higli Contracting Parties, shall l)e at liberty to refit therein, provide tlietii^ Ives with all tlie mces.siirv stores, ami put to si.-a again witliout tho payment of any duties • •xcept port and lightlumse dues, which, sliall ho fixed for then), at liie same amounts as those paid J)y national vessels. Oil sucii occasions the masters of the ships, wjietlier liussian or Uritisli, sliall he under tho necessity of contoriuiiig to the laws, Ordinances, and Tarill's in force in tho port whci'e they may have landed. ARTICLK VIII. In all cases of (omplaint as to iidVactions of the Articles of the present Agreement, tlio jiu'ilic officc'rs and functional its on hoth sides shall refi'ain from all violence and furcilpje mi'asuros, and siiall render an exact ixcount of the affair and tile circumstances thiTeof to their respectivo < 'ourts, which shall arrangi; the matter in a friendly way and according to tlie principles of mutual justice. AllTICLl": IX. The present Convention shall lie ratified and the ratificaficjus shall he exchanged within tho period of months, or sooner, if possible. In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same and have affi.xed thereto the seal ot their arms. Done at St. Potershurgh, the 1M24. Xo. 44. CoKiit A't'fii'Iroih' to Coinit Lieren. — (Sent Si'ptemlicr 13, 1825.) F<',i:,i, Ic'M Avnt, 1.S24. I'Ali sa depeche Xo, 90, votro Excellence m'avait transiiiis un olfice (pio lui a\nit ailresse Jlr. ('amiiiig aprus avoir discuti; avec elle les (|iiestioiis de limiles et de juriiliction niaril inie ([ii'il s'flgissait de resoudre entre la J'ussie ct I'Aiiijleterre sur la cote nurd-ouest do rAmerifpie. Dans cet oflico Mr. ('annin.u', ,i)>iireeiant Ics deiiiicres propositions (pie nous avions faites a Sir (/liavles I'an'ot. vous amioii(;ait, ]\I. le Comto, ipiVllcs seraieiit aecej)tees. sauf i|uel(jues nuances et pays i\ fier]i('tuitt5 suv '■ nto cetto pnrtio de la (ole qui foiuic le f^iiii'l do la discussion ct qui s»'toinl du r)!(° do iMtitudo uoid uu .".4° 40'. -. J,;i lilieitu {lotir Ics hnj(>lx Aii}jlais do fiiiro la diasso, lu im'cIu', it lo tiiiiinii'ico iivoc los nnturolH dii payn iioudimt dix aiis siir uiio autre paitio do um cotes ct do iius IIch dopuif; lo .J!)° do latitude luiul ju,s(|\i'aii Dotiditdo lloliiiiij,'. .">. L'dUM'itiire a loijit'iMiitc du Port do Silka on Xovo-Aicliaiij;olHk. All 1 : 1,0 jirojot do Couvcnliou du CaUiuet do LuudroH no .s'oxpiinio pas iivec uno pn'oisidii ]iarfaito snr cot Avticlo ot co soiit nos explications veihalcs avto Sir Charles liajiot rpii nos ont ajijiris <[\\v rAiiiilutorro r/claniait lo droit do cliafrse, dc jioclie, et do coniniorco a perpt'tuito dans oetle portimi ih'^i iloniaiuos do la K'ussio, niais cos ox]dications out etc si ])ositi\'os ipi'olks no mais ont laisso aucnu douto s\n' los (k'sirs du Cabinet JJritanniiiuo. I'our savoir si nous n'avlons pas lion d'en ctro etonia's ol s'il nous est ]ii ssililu d'y condosccndro, il sulFit lie roliro d'un cold le passage do rotlice do Mr. Cannin;^:, (pio j'ai citd plus Imut, et do jetor les yeux do I'lMilro sur .lotre C'oiivontion av(\c les Etats-I'nis. l.i' l'iin( ipal Sccrotairo d'Ktiit do Sa JIajosto l)ritanni(|ue vous a declare ofllciellonient et par ccrit • pio r.\iinU'torri' n'clanierait do notro part ilcs privileges do connnorce sonddalilos a ceux ipu^ iujuh accorderions a d'atitres Puissances. Or, les l''tats-Unis sont la soulo Puissance a huiuello nous on ayons jamais ac( nrdo ot coux f|Uo nous lour avons j^arantis jiar la (.'onvcntion du .'5 (17) Avril do I'tinnco courante no doivent durer (|ne dix ana. Nous satisferious done aux deniandof! ipio rAngletorrc oUo-niouio muis a annoncces, on Ini gnrantis.=ant poiu' lo memo cs])aco do tonis les memos privileges. Conniient pourrions-nous d'ailloura consontir, sous co ra])port on favour des sujets liritanniqnes, a des prerogatives quo nous venous ilo rei'user aux sujets Anu'ricaius. Les sujots I'lritanniipu's, nous uo saurions trop lo repoter. n'out januiisiiousso ni lours elahlissemons id lours opi'ratioiis (!(■ comniorco jusipia la eoto nord-ouost. Lo tcmoignage des cartes los ]ilus recontos publices en Angh^terro ii'Volo et dcmontro ci; fait. Si los Couqiagnios do la ]!aio d'II\idson ot du Nord-Ouost api)roeliont do la coti\ co n'est (pie do|Mds trois ans a peine, tandiH que les siijots Ann'ricains ont oonstannnent fro(|iu'ute (as parages, et co sont leurs ontrojirises ([ui ont fait naitro los discussions quo nous travaillons a torminor. Nous foiait-il ))ossiblo ai)res coin, quand nicnie nos interets nous lo pormettraiont, do lour donucr pour dix ans co ([UO nous doinierions a lierpotuiti' aux sujets Hritanniipics ? Nous avons l>ion voidu sujiposer t[\u\ nialgro uno prise do posicssinu formollo, uno loiiguc i)ccu]iatiou dos points jirincipaux, uno exploitation paisiblo des sources do revenu et d(,' rieliosst! qn'oU'reut les controes doiil il s'agit les droits do souvcraini'tc do la Jiussie jus(pi'au .')l° d(! latitudo nord ]iou\aient ctre la matiero s itnforiucos dans son Jirojot do Coiivontioi' toucbinit les pii\iicges do oommerco, aux ternies do sos declarations antcriouves. Aif 2: (Jutro la f'aculte do lain; la cliasso, la lu'ehi', ot lo ('ommoiic a ]ioriiLtuito sur la ]iaitio do In cote iiord-ouest (pii nous ajijiaitioiidrait dopuis lo o4 ' 40' iU^ latitudo nord Jusiprau 5!)''. lo Cabinet do St. d rinios, seloii le sons que Sir CJiaries ISagot atta(diait a sos ]Mii]i(isitioiis, loclania la mi'Miie faculti'; pour ilix ans sur la cote ot les ilos ipii s'etoiidont du oO" an Detroit do liehring. Ici nous citorons encore rollico (pie Mr. Canning vous a adresse. .M. lo ('(Jiute, en date du L'O Mai.* 11 y est dit (pio rAiigleterro deiiiandorait lo libro u.sage do tons los tlouves ([iii tiaver.soraieiit la lisii'^ro do votti appartenant a lii liussio, ot do loutos les mors, di'troits, baies, i<:c., (pii so trouveraient dans sos s (pii so suivunt ik' si pivs ot (|ui s'ex|iiiipi';nt ot so eiinqdcttoiit pom ainsi diio, I'line par raiitre, il est dilHcilo d'y tuaiver autre clio.se (pu' la libio, navigation (U's eaux ot des mors (pii baij.nonuont los jiossessions do la liussio. Or. cotte liliorte, nous nous somines toujfairs niontix's pivts ,'i la garaiilir. Dos nrdros dillcreiis do la tciiour ik." !'( )uka.so du 4 (10) Scptembro, 18J1,ont('to expcdios a nos eroisii'ies des louverluro des pourparlers, ot nout* nous engagerions volontiers par dos stipulations i'(nnioll(?s a laissor desoiniais los vaisseaux ('tiangor.s naviguor sans oniraves sur touto retenduo do rOccan l'ai'iii(iuo Septentrional, on ciiconscrivaiit rexorcico do nos droits do juridiction niaritimo d la distance do '2 lioucs marines do nos (jtaldissc- inens ot do nos C(''ites jusipie et y compris lo Detroit 'U' iSeiiring, oomiuo lo ]iroposo lo projot do Convention oiivoyd par le Caiunot de St. James, mais (plant a la ciias.so. a la p(^e!ie, et an comniorco uvee los naturels du pays, nous no pouvons nous onip("'cbcr detablir luie distinction importante. Los titros do somorainotij de la Ilussie sur la (ote iKjnl-ouest lui out ('■u' (iisput(!'s a paitir du .'lO" do latitudo nord. En consi'ipioncc, dopuis co dogri' jiis(|u'au parallele (|iii I'ormerait notro liinito nu'ridiouale, nous nous somines ouipressi's d'ollVir dos avantagos ]iarticuliers aux Puissances aveo les(|uelles nous etions en discu.ssion. Nno. av(ais accordi' pour dix ans aux .\nu'ricaiiis le dioit do jH^clic, do cliasse, ct de cominerce avec les natunds du i)ays, et nous souscrions la nienie Concession eii iiiveur des sujets do S;i Majesto IJritanniipio, mais il doit ("'tri^ bion ontendu que cotte Concession no coniprendra quo rospacc ienform(3 entro le .50° et la iimite nu'ridiouale do notre territoire, c'est-a-diro, le' i34° 40', car an nord du 5i)° les titles do aouveraiuetij de Sa JIajeste Inipcriale n'ont jamais cte mis on ♦ See Note B. C8 4louto, lion Hoiilemcnt dans nuciin I'crit (ifTiciel, inaiH enoove dans aucun tics ntticles quo U'h fcuillL'* «rAiiyl('teiro ct irAiiu'iiciue imt jmhliL'S lur tctte qiu'sticui. I'our yan (lu'oii voiiilK! \\i'>>vv 11110 ciicim- Htiiiicu aucHi ilrpisiv(i jiii'tuiulia-t-nii ijiu' lums i>lac'ii)ii8 si la iiii'iUL' ligiic Ioh (loiuaiiios cliH]mlij.s et t't'iix i|ui no Ic sijiil i)ii,s, (pie iioiih iiouh Kuunit'ttioiis jiour k's niis et k's aulrcH mix inriiicH sa('riti('OH,(nu) iKius excitidiiH Ics jiislOH iilaiim's di' iintri; ('(iiiipiijiiiic Anu'iitiiiiio, ct quVn ouvraiit lii clia.ssc, la im'cIii', I't lis I'oimiicicc avi'c k's iiatiiit'ls dii \m\H \)i)\\v dix mis, ikuih cxpusidim a uiic niiiic totalc duK t'talilisNciiiciiH ddiit Ic hdiuIho aui'iui'iilt' do j(iiir en jciiir dans dcs contn/CH ([ui nous a|)])aiti('niioiit a touH k'S litioM, qiniKsiuoiil 11110 pioniioiedoinuvoito, iiiio ncoiqiatioii iniuiodiato ot ri'ollo qui coiuplo jjiom (i'lin sioolo, ot lino iiiisws.siiin iiiiisiMo ooiitio la([uolk' aiauiio ruissanco n'a jaiuais ivolaiiio. Coitis, thniH ootto ]iaitio do nos doiiiaiuoH la Iiiiasio a l)ion le droit do no inoiidro iituir j;uido do 00s Ik'oJt.iiK.iis ^U- ooiunioroo (|no sos |ini]ii-os ho.snius ot sos ]ii(i]iros oonvonaiiooH. EUo a liion lo dinit d'y rrouoillir liliroiiioiit tolls los )ir(i(its do la cliiisso ot do la pr'clio, ot sauf a icsiioolor ot h ulisorvor los ]iiiii(:i|ii's Hoiioiaiix doH Idi.s qui iirnnniioont siii' los laiqioits iooi)iri)(|Ui.'s do.s nations, olio osi niaiticsso d'y adoplor toutos los niosuros iiu'ollo jiiiio utiles 011 nooossairos. Cost niiisi i|u\'ik' 110 sauiiiit oohsoiitii' a y adiuottro la oonciiircnoo dos ooiiiiiicii;ans cliiissouis oil ]tooliouis oliannois, iiiais (|u'oii iiitordisant lo ooinnioroi\ la oliasso, otla jjoolio olio n'iiiloidiia iiiillcnioiit. ]a iiaviijatioii ot qu'ollo lioinoia I'oxoioico do .sa juridiotioii luaritiuio a '2 iiouos inaiinos do sos ootos ct do ses iles. ..ido: La troisioiiio olauso a la(|Uollo luais no sauiions oouscntir dans lo ]ii(iJot do ('(iiivoiiliuii l{i'itaiiiii((ue oonoeino roiivoi'turo a }ioi])otuito du I'oit do Sitka mi Novo-AiolianL;olsk. ("est noiisinonios (|iii, dans IK s noi^ooiatinns avoo Sir Cliailos ISaj^'ot, avons nnnoiico ([uo lo I'liit- «le Sitka serait oiivoit aiix vaisscaux ot mi ooiiiiiioroq otraiii;ois. Nous jiorsistons dans iios intonliiais ii cot o^'ard, niais il nous est iiiipossililo i\o i-oiitiaotor 1111 oiiL;a,i,'i^iiiont indofiiii, tlo iiniis lior Ics mains ])miv 1111 avoiiir sans lii]iositioiis do la C'oiiv do Londros out oto aeccptoos, ot nous aviJiis loinis a Sir Charles Uauot le coiilro-jirojct oi-joint. Sos instnictioiis ctaiont lro]i proeiscs )iour (|i,'il ])ut oouscntir a dcs nu lilioatioiis. La soiilo dont il nous ail ]iailc sc rc'diiisail a stipuler rouvorluro du I'ort du Sitka pom \ iuLj;t aiis, tcriiiu ijiii est encore tioji km^. II no nous est done resit' que la voic dos explications direclcs, ot nous nous jilaisons a osjpciir qu'ollcs no seioiit jias iufruotiutuscs. Notre oonlre-iudjet reporti' iios liniitcs du fil'^ do latitude nord an .'4^ 40'. 11 laisso aux «?tnl)lissoiiioiis ((UO los t'oiujiaijnios An^jlaisos ]H]urront iornier un jour sur la cote nord-ouost tout le tonitoire situc au inidi du rortland (!'lianncl. 11 suppriine la dc'si;;iiatioii dos nioiitiij,'nos pour liniitcs do la lisioi'o de tone forme (pie la liussio jiossoderait sur lo ooiitiiiont Amoricain, ot liorno la largeur do cetto lisicro a 10 luues marines d'ajircs le dcsir do rAn<,dotoiTO. D'apres son dcsir encore, il ouvre aux Mijots riritaniii(pies la na\ i;4atioii do tons Ics ilou\os (pii tin' 'isoraiont ootto lisicro: enfin il lour assure dcs avanlaj;es cjiaiix a ooux (pi'ont olileiiiis los sujets dc:^ its-Uiiis, et il iinnulk! do fait I'Oukaso du 4 (Id) SeiJtemliro, iHiil, en declarant d'une part que nous u'exereoroiis do juridiotioii niarilimo ipi'a '2 lioues do nos coles ot de nos ilcs sur touto IVtonduo do 110s jiossossioiis, ot on (•tijiiilaiit d'uiio autre, (praucuiio ontravo no sera niiso ni a la liliio naviiialion do rOccaii racitiipie, III nioiuo au likro ]iassai.'o du Ik'troit do JSoliriug. Dans line iioi^ociaticai qui dovait avoir jiour base le priiioipo des ooiiveuancos ro'.'ipro pies iiou.S. noyons ipi'il ctait ditlioilo do respooler plus scriqiuleusoinont loutes cellos de rAiiglctorro. Yotre Ivxcollenco auia soiii do fairo apiacoior u Air. C'anninj,' nos vofs ot noire constiinto moderation. Elle lui ro]iic.sontora avoc ijucl emiiressciiient nous avous adiiiis tonics les domandcs ile la (Irande- JSivta^ne qii'il nous ctait jios.'iiklo d'admottio; condiion nous avons lieu do nous atloiidro nuiinlonaiil a line juste rc'cipiocito, coiiiliicii iiotri' ]irojot est coiilornio mix dcolaralions renfernicos dans I'Dtlice du IVincipfd Scerotairo d'lCtat do Sa Majcsle JSritannitiuo on date du '2'.) Mai, ot combion il serait utile, on jidojitant (o contro-projct (car nous no saurioiis ]!ousser plus loin nos sacriticos), do terminer outre les deux (iouvoriiomonts dos discussions toujouis facheuses ot dont 011 otoufl'orait jusqu'au dernier geniio. A'otie Excellence est autoiist'o h doiiner lecture ot cnpie dc la prosoiite dopcclie a Mr. Caiiiiin<.% ct dans vcs entretioiis avoc eo Ministrc voii.s poiiriez, 11. le Conite, ajouter robservation cjuo j)ar nolle Traito avec les Etals-Uiiis en date du 5 (17) Avril, nous n'avons jamais onteiiilu lour accorder lo droit do cliassc, do pcelie, ot de ocunmcroe avoc les indigenes jiiair dix ans, que dans eollos do nos possessions (|ue nous avait etc conicstcos oil en d'autros tonnes dans I'ospaco conipiis outre le 54° 40' et le 51)° ;iO^ do latitude .soptcntrionale. I'Cote A. — At this pcjiiit is the following marginal note : — " It oan hardly be expooted that we should not also put in our claim for the We pvir'deije.f vf trade wt (ire or mail fie Hipidatcil with Riiiisia by ani/ other nation." (Office do Jlv. Canning an it tor j^rniittMl tlmt tlu^ cxclnsivL' <'liiiniH of iMivif^jitidii aiKt jiiriHclictioii over tliu North l'a('i(i(; Oi'i-aii, wliicli wwo jnit t'orwanl in the I'IvHso , vunr Kxcc^llincv sent niu a .Mtinorandnni wliicli .Mr. ( 'iitihinj; witli' ■ In yonr di'Mpatch X( liad addri.'S8(,'d to yon, af'tur diHcusninK witli you llii; (iiK'Mtions of lioiwidary and niaritinii' J)n'iK(li('lion wliicli wvw to lie wctt'.cd lirtwecn Uupnia and Kngiand on tlu' nnrlli-wost ciast (■!' Anii'vica, In tliat .M( luorandnni. Mr. ranninj^-, in discussinj;- tlr; last jiroiiosilions wliicli wo had niiuli' to Sir Charhs liaf^'ot. inforincd you, .M. ic Cointe, that tliiy \v(juld he acccjiti'd. willi thr cxn jitimi of sonic shades of diOerenci' and some additional clauses, which wmdd not clianj;c in tlic Iciist tho tinlit;tanci^ of our draft of Hettienient. These clauses were to consist of a more e.xact description of tlie strip whieli we were to posHi'ss on tin; American continent, tiie seh.'etion of a def;'rci^ of longitude more to the west, hesinning' at Jlount St. Mlias, and tho free navipition ot tlie rivers, sens, straits, ami hays w liicli the dominions cl' His Imperial Majesty miglit contain. Ah n-c have already declared previously that the I'kase of Soptemlier 4 (!(!). lS21,woidd not he executed so far ns related to the sea limit of 100 n-.ik'S within which it prohibited the navigation of foreign vessels; as, on the other iiaiul. we ourselves liad hastened ti> oiler to llic subjectH of His Hritiinnic .Majesty, in our negotiations with Sir (,'iiarles I'ag'ot, liberty to descend and to ascend all the river.s which might cross our territoiy on the north-west coast, it ^eeme(i to us that flu; modifications de.siretl bv Mr. ('auning would not involve any dillieulty. and Ave flattered oiu'selves that so soon as tho Knglish .Vndiassador should re<'eive linal instriu tions we could conclude witii him an arrangement e(pmlly conducive to the rights and tlu; interests of both Powers. Our confidence seemed the better founded in that Sir Charles Hagot had declai d to us on Hcveral oeeasions, and Mr. duty of making, in this dispatch, the most important oljservations, those concerning clauses which it is utterly impossible for us to accept. They are three ill mnnber : 1. Liberty to ICnglish subjects to hunt, to fislu and to trade with the ,iativcs of the country, perpetually, on the whole of that ])art of the coast which constitutes the subject of the discission, and which extends from ')ll^ of lau'tli latitude to ,")4° 40', 2. Liberty to ICnglish subjects to hiinl, to fish, and to tiade with the natives of the country for ten years on another part of our coasts and islands, from .V.r north latitude to Bering ytrait. ;>. The permanent opening of the Port of Sitka or Novo-Archangelsk. As to the first: 'J'he draft of (,'onvention of tho Cabinet of London d(;es not express itself with perfect precision upon this Article and it wu.s only througli our oral conversations with Sir Charles Hagot that we learned that England demanded the rij^ht to hunt, to fish, and to trade, for ever in that jiart of the dominion of Russia ; but those e:cplanitions were so positive that they left us in no (huibt as to the wishes of the Ihitish (Jabinet. In order to know whether we had no reason to be surprised at it, ami whether it is possible* for us to grant it, it sutlices to read again, on the one iiaiid, the passage from Mr. Canning's Aleniorandum which I cited above, and, on the other hand, to glance at our Convention with the Uiiiteil States. Tho Chief Secretary oi Stale of ilis Iiritannie Majesty has declared to you otlicially ami in writing that England would ask of us comniercia! privileges similar to those which we might grant to other I'owers. Now, the United States is the only Power to which we have m-er granted any, and those which we have guavatdeed to her jjy the Convention of the 5th (ITtli) April of the jiresent year, are to last only ten years.' We would, theiefore, satisfy the demands which England herself has [)resented to us by guaranteeing- the san)e privileges to her for the same space of time. Pn'sides, how could Ave American subjects. The Ihitish subjects, and wo can not repeat this too often, have never pushed either their establishment*! lu' their commercial operations as far as the north-Avest coast. The evidence of the latest maps published in iMigland reveals and -proves this fact. If tlio Hudson liay and the Nortli-Avest (Jom])anies have approaeheil the coast it is only within the last throe years, whereas tliC American subjects have constantly frequented these waters, and it 18 their enterprises that hiive given rise to the discussions Avhieh Ave arc labouring to terminate. [487] * See Noto A. 'Would It li" |iiiHHilile for uh, aflfr thiH, even il' our iiitfriHtH jmniiitti'il it, to give tlit'in for ten vcani [oiilyj wlmt wu would f^ivi- for over to thu hritiKli subjects. W'v linvc lici'M willing to kii]i]i(isc llmt, in Njiitc tjf u fonniil tidutig poHsoMKiou, a lon/i occiipii- tioii of tlic inincijial poiiitM, lunl a innrcfnl I'XjiloilMlioii ot tlio nouiccm of revi'MUo and wealth' ]il'eHi||t(Ml liy tile louiltrieH ill i illistioli. UllHWa'H riglltM of novoreiguty to the .'ilHt degree of iioltll latitll'le niiglit lie tile Hulijiet of a do'.ilit, \Ve have, eiiIine(|Uelitly, eoiifilied llielii to liie .lO^ |()', and, (o prevent any new diNjiute from iiriHing on this imint, we liiive ]ieiniitted ono of the I'owerw with wliie!' we W( 'c in litigation to Kliiire for ten veins, on the vviiole extent of tli(» !■ lasl where our rightH iiad lieeii diuputed, the jirofit'i of Ininling, fiKhing, and trading with tho iiiitiveN, We offer the hiiiiiu adviintageH to i'lnglaiid, l>ut to grant them for ever would lio to olitain the recognition of our rights of sovereignty only to ubaudon the exereiso of thoiii. It •would 1)0 conHenting to pnssesx hereafter only in name what we now poHsess in liict. The Knglish Minintrv will he struelc by tlune argmiieiitH, and we venture to believe timt it will then bring iiacl; to tlie teinis of its jirevioiiH dee!:iratioiis the demanilH contained in its draft of < 'onvention with regard to eoiiimercial privilegis. Ah to '2 : Hesidi's the right to hunt, to tisli, and to trade I'or ever on that jiait (>f the north- west coast wliieh wonld belong to us from hi" •!(»' of noith latitude to .'i'J", the Cabinet of St. Janies. according to the nieaning which Sir Charles Hagot attached to its piMpositions, demanded the same right for ten Vears on the coast and islands extending from W" to liering Strait. Here we Avill again cite the ]\Iemoranduni which ^Ir. ( '.inning adilressed to you, M. le Conite, under date ot the idth May.* It is there stated that England would demand tlii' free use of all the rivers which might cross the strip of coast belonging to Uus-^ia, and of all the seas, strait.-', liays, &.(.:.. which might be within her dominions A few lines farthi'r down, the .Meino- radum of the Chief Secretary of State iidds that he considers it to be understood and agriid upon that Russia will withdraw all the excluijive claims which she had set up in the Ukase of 1821 with respect to the navigation and j'urisdicticju of the North I'acitic Ocean. AVhen we comimie these two demands, which follow each other ko closely, and whii h, so to sjxak, ex))lain ami completo each other, with each other, it is dillieult to find anything more in them than the free navigation 'lioul(l not In' dowtl f< till veins (n coiiie, iinil at tlii' ((Xiiinitiori nl' llut ten \fiUH it in prol hM<' thai \\v would alio ii. !. ...I..: 1.: 1 1. .. 1 :. ».. 1 i •! ». ..' ..i: ii i.i i .* .,r :•..•.■■ iliid iiitidiliwi'd llii ro to I'tcd ColltlHUC. :loW'd for w ... . ^ it' woiiid lie an act ot iinprii- di'iHi- on our jiart (o go any fnrtliir. riuxjiei'ti'd coiijcclnri's niij^lit coiiijicl \\h to ri'Voko or t oiiilV MicJL iirivi!(f,n's. Tliis is a IVi'tHloiii of action that cviiy ( iovcnniiciit oiiglit to re hltvc to ilHcir under NJiiiilar circnniHtanccN. Wo ^rc no olplijj;ation on our part to I'cnouncc it, and \vc could not renounce it witlKJiit cxpoKin^ onrnch cs to HiriouN cnibarraNMnioutH, We cannot, tin I't?- i'ore, Hi^-n any iierpctiud ntiiiulation on tiiiH point. Sueli. M'. le Conite. are the three points in tho RritiNli draft Convention tliat tlio Knipertir liuH found inailnn'ssililc. All the othe: propositions of the Coiu't of l,eriiig Strait. Ill a negotiation whicli should have as its basis the accommodation of hotli I'arties, we think that it would be dilHcult t > show greater respect to the wi.shes of England. Your Excellency will he careful to impress u])oii .Mr. Canning our views and mir constant, moderation. You will icprtsciit to him with whiit alacrity we have granted all tlio.se deniaiids of (.Ireat Ihitain that it was poh ible for us to grant, what good reason we have to expect a fair return froin her now, how ixactly our draft agrei s with the declarations coiitaiiieil in the Memorainlum ol' the Chief Secretary of State of Ills JSritannic 'Majesty, dated the 2'.'th .May. and how expedient it would be to put an end. by the adoption of this cuuntcr-draft (as we c.iiinot carry oiu' .sacrilii.'es any liirthur), to discussions lietween the two tiovi riiiiieiits, which are alwayH «lisagreeable, and the very last gi'rm of which would tlieri'by he desti^ ^ d. Your E.xcellency is authori/eil to read this despatuh to .Mr. Canning, and to give him a copy of it, and in yotu- conversalioim with that Minister you may add, M. le Coiiile, the remark that, in our Treaty of the .")tli (ITth) .\i)vil with the United States, we only iiieant to grant ler the right. of iishing. hunting, and trading with the natives for ten years in those of our jmssi .>ions lliiit had been disputed, or. in otlnr words, in the spate comprised latwecn latitude ,')4^ -lO' and 5!)° ;M)' north. \(ilf \. — At this point is the following marginal note : — "It can hardly lie expected that we should not alsi jait in our claim for the /ik- /iririlcii,:i i,f tvtnli' ii.-< lire or )iiiiii hr ulijuiliilci/ irith JiiiKsia /n/ itiii/ itln'r Hitlitm." (Me;ni'niii(luni of .Mr. ( 'anniiig to Count Lieveii.'dated the 2!lth .May, IS;.'.!,) ' Xole J5. — At thi.^ point is the following marginal jiote: — •• In precise and positive stipulation tor tlie free use of all rivers which may be found to em)>ty themselves into the sea witiiiu the ItuHsian Ironti'i', and of all seas M-hidi the limits assigned lo liussiii may comprehend and we take it for granted that tic exchmivo claims of navigation and .jurisdiction over the .\orth Pacific Ocean which were put f award in tho rkase of September, 1821, are to be altogether withdrawn.'" (Mr. Canning's Memorandiim to Count Lieveii, dated the 2tlth ilav, \&>A.) J£,vplanaliona icilh refjavd to " Ciuitre-projet." cerre persisie a exiger ae la nuftsic les concessions Buivantes : — )re navigation des tiaies, anses. itc. et /c droit tie pe'che et ile rhusfe ninni ijuc le commerce iiaturelx ihi jmi/x ,V perpi'ttiiti' sur toute cette partie do la cote nord-ouest qui forme le teste depnis le ,")4° ;W' jusqu'au 00° de latitude, sauf la restriction mentionnee duns li'Angletorre persisto a exiger de la Ruftsie les concessions suivantes: 1. La lihrt direct (tree lea tcrritoire conteste _ iiotre Convention du ,") (17) Avril avec les Etats-l'iiis relativement aux armes a la poudre et aur liqueurs spiritueuses. 2. L"ouverture du Port de Nooo-Archangehk a perpi'tuitt'. 3. Le droit pour le ferine de div ans de uaviguer dans les eaux qui haignent la nieine cote depnis le (!()" degru de latitude tiord jumjuau Detroit de Behriiuj, d'y faire la pcche, et de trafiqner (irre les ncUurels du pays. La Beule modification que Sir Charles Bagot semblat autorise h, adniettre dan.s rcuseiuble de n ccH prutfiitiotiii HO ivduiMuil iV limitor rtuivtrturo (>\ siiKjcL't, to tic nsliictioiis iDintiniicd in (Jiir ♦Jonvciiticiii lit' tile .'itii (I7tli) April witli tlic I'liidil StiituM ooiit'oniiii;;' uiidk, ^^iiiiiiowiKt, ami Hpit'itiioiis liipioiH, '2. 'I'lio opi'iiiiii;' lit' (he pull of .\iii' liiivi^iitc tlic wati'lu liatliilif;' tln' said cua.-it I'rain fill' t'lOlli ili'ijrri- of imi'lli lii/ihiili' In llci'iiii/ Slrnll, tii lisii IIk re, and In Iraili' lin'n' ii'illi tin' ikiIIi'i'm of tin' tiiiiiiln/. 'I 111' only niiidificnlioii tliiit Sir ClmricH l5a.i;-ot apix'arcd to ho authorized tn adiiiil in tlio Avliojc of tliiHi^ dt'iiiamls wan conllncd to iimitiii;;- thi^ opening? of tlio I'ort of Silkii to (Im term cf twenty yoai-H, pmviili'd, liowcviM-, that that leiin hIhiiiIiI he Kjiiger for tlio Eiij^liMJi than it waw i'ei- tlio AiiiorieiiiiH, Eirplanat'ion.i irilli vi'iianl lo '• ( 'olitn'-lirojet." (1.) Avtiolo I. — DaiiH I'Articlo correKpondant Ich I'lonipotoutiaires do HumhIo out HUpprime Ion inotn on exerc;ant lour commorco, paroe (pi'il h'Ur ii ))nrii (pie oi't Articlo no rapportait juiroipalo- iiioiit ii la navijuation en hanti,' uior ot (pTeii liaiito mer 11 u'y a pas do coiiimoroo possihlo. D'aillouis tout eo ([ni coneorne les relations eommoreiidos se trciuxc regie par d'aulres ArtielcN. (2.) Artielo II. — Cit Artielo cut lo premier dn cdiilri'-projet Unsso. • .'i)iiitne des I'liuverture di's no^'ueiations Texeentiiin do I'Oiihaso do 1821 avail ote suspondii t'li 00 (lui rcgardo rexoreieo do la jnridiiitioii maritime, la ([iiostiim territnriah' otait la phis t'Ksi iitiollo ((lie les deiix I'liissMiioeH ousseiit a rosondre. Cost done par dotinir les possessidiis respeetives (pio nous eommeiK ii'iis dans iiotre ooiitro- I.os posNoHsions 11110 fois dofiiiioH vieuiioiit uaturolloinoiit los stipulations rolativos mix droits qui s'y rattaelu.'iit ot aiix privile^ijcs (jui jiourroiit y otn^ exorcos do part ot d'autro. A oes olauses siiooodi'iit oeiles (pii out rapport ii la uavig'ation do I'Oooan Paoitiquo ot tiui so ranf;'eiit touten sous lo memo ohof. L'ordre des inatiores ,u;aj;'iio a eo systonio de redaotion, et il nmis seiiihle en gonorid (puj roooiioiiiie do iiotre contro-projet olfrirait plus do olarto. Nous avuiiH, dn teste, on elian,!j,oant lours plaoes, conservo touH les Arlieles du projot Uritanniipie. (.{.) l>ans le premier ])aragraphe do oet Artiole, oomme dans TArtiele II, nous avonssupinimo toute mention des moiitag'iies qui suiveut les hiuucisites de la cote. Eiie devemiit inutile du moment oil lun fixait en lioiies marines la largour do la lisioro do terro luiiio qui appartieiidrait H III UuHsie. (4, T), ot (i.) Notre dopoehe an Comto de Lii'Veii reuforme toiites les explioations nooessairos (plant mix passages soulign(''H dans eos divers .iVrtiohjs. Tons les autres n'out subi dans notre eniitrc-projot que des h'gers chaiigomeiis de lodaotioii (pii avaieiit jiour hut d'y roudro los stipulations onooro plus jiieoisis ot plus laeiks a saisir chins, lour vrai sens. (Traufilatioii.) (1.) Artielo I. — In tlio oorrospoiidiug Artiolo tho Knssian Pleniiiotentiarios have sujipressed (lie -Nvori's " in carrying on thoir oommeroo"' (" i^i exor(;ant lour eomuioroo "), boeauso it iippoared to them that this Artielo rolutod oliioHy to navigation on tho high seas, ami that no commeroc is possible on tho high seas. Ih'sides, all that relates to eommercial relations is settled in other Artiolos. (2.) Artielo II. — This is Artiolo 1 of tho I'nssian counter-draft. As at tho vory opening of tho negotiations tho oxooutinn of the Ukast' ef 1S2I was suspended as to tho oxoroiso of tho maritimo jurisdiotioii, the territorial ()Uostiou was tho most inqxirtaut that tho two Powers had to Bottle. Heiioe, ill our oounter-draft wo began by defining tho rospec'tivo possessions. Tho possessions having boon oiioo dotinod, tlu' stipulatiouH with regard to the rights attaohod to them, and tho privileges M-hioh may bo oxoroisod in them by both parties, naturally conio next. Those clauses arc suoooodod by those relating to tho navigation of tho Paoitio Ocean, and which all fall under tin; same head. The order of subjoets gains by this method of arrangeniout, and it seems to us in gi noral that the plan of our oounter-draft would present more oloarness. V.'o have, however, while ehanging their pla-ies, retained all tho Artiolos of tho British draft. (3.) In tho tirst paragraph of this Article, as in Artiole 11, we have suppressed all mention of tho mountains wliieh f(jllow the sinuosities of the ooasi. It became useless from the a?eieont 7.1 that (iiio [iif till! Articlt'g] fixi d tlio wiiltli of tliu Mtii^i of iniiinlaiKl wIiIlIi would bclotig to ll tllu JIIIHHilf;'('H IIIkIi'I'NI'HI'I'iI ill tiK'HC ililVcl'rilt i\lli('io.i, .Ml till' iitliorN liiivr uiiili'i'^Diu'. ill 11)11' roiiiili r-ili'iil'l, im rely nliglit cliniiKiH of liiiiguugt% wliicli well' iiiti'iiilril to rciiilci' till) Hti]iulatii>iiH I'liiiliiiinil in iIriii '-itili iii<>r<.' (u'c'ciNi' ami iiini'u uuny to uiiili'istiiinl i:i tlii'ii' trin.' hi iikc. No. I'l. .1//'. 'i', Ciiiniiiiij III Cuiiiit J.inrni, BI. |p Coiiifc, /■ori'i.iii Oj)!ri\ S,'j,l,'iii/^, r [-J. iMl't. IT JM will) ;^i'('iit ri')j,ri't, himI, I ('(iiil'i'ss, with sniiii' Hiif|irisi', tli.it I liiivc Icnnit fVniu Sir ( 'iiarli's |la;;'iit tli.it yniir ('mirt li:i\i' ilci'lilit'd tn i'i)u<'lilii(' tln' 'I'ii'iiIn. tin |ii'.iji'('t nf wliicli was sciii out liv tile "llfiald." TIiIm I'l'l'iisai in tile iiidfc iMirx|ii'('ti'il, iiH till! cliicl' alti ratii'iis iuadi> in tlic miniiial •'iirnji't 1' iiilriMJiici'd lic'i'c fas y IMi'iiiiiiiti'iitiarji M tliciiiNflvcM. wci'i' iiilriMliici'd lic'i'c Cas your I'.xr •Ijiiii'v can lirir witiii-ss) at tli:' Nii;;-;;'i'.sti(iu of III ••i,r,,|(.' t! Ullssii III I liavc iKit ji't laid tiiiii' to j^iv( Nnlliciciif coiiNidi raljnu I'l tli'' " I'liiilri'-priiicct " iinw lircsiiiti'd nil till' part ot'tlioHc I'k'iiiiiutriitiai'ii'H tn Ixj ciiiilili'd to say |niNif ivrly wliitlicr it csiii l>(.> accc'iitt'd ill ail U<* jmrlH. Hut I woulil lain liopi- that the Litli'i'i'iiccH lictwt'i'ii iis may md ho insmniciimtaldi'. And f dn niowt earnestly (.'iitrcat your Kxeelleiu'V to Hiihniit tu yniir ( 'durt, l>y yoiH' Hrst iiiesMiio'er, the exiiediency of Keiidinj^ to your Kxcelli'iiey instiiictioiiK and full piiweiM to ocmeliide and si^'n the 'I'naly here. 'I'liis will save three liKMltllH. It will eiialile lis to conclude hrj'oi'c tile llleetill;j; of I'ai iialiient. And I do assure your Kxcellency that, ai'tei- the exju'ctatioiis which liav(» lieen ko often held out to I'ai'iianieiii ot' a speedy ami satisl'actoiy tennination of tin' discussions i'es|)ectin^' the I'kase of IHiM. I cannot look forward without iineasincss to the disappointineiit of tiiose exiiectations. I know that the Ukase is [niK'tieally siisjiciided; hiit we lun'e' no iloruinent to show (hat it i.s that the Niilijecit of the I'kaHe Would bo mcrgeil NO ; anil we have, as yoiir I'.xcellcncy knows, purpo.Hciy uhstaiiicMl tV'-■/./.'/»/.;•,• (1" thtohre), 1824. LA veiile de son di'iiait {Kiiu' rirlamle, Jlr. ('aiinine; ni'a adressce la note ei-joiii|o. dai's laijuelh* il expose- les niolit's (|ui font di'sirer au (iouvirnenient Britanniipie le transfert a Londr<.'s de la ii(''p;oeiatioii relative aux poHsessions des deux Ktats sur la cote nord-ouust do r.Aincriipie. J'ln transnu'ttant cette piece en orieinal a votre Excelk'nce, je lie saiu'ais, M. le (.'oiute, qu'eii rcfcrer I'olijet ii la eonsiilL'ration du Jlinistcre Imperial. .I'ai, itc. (Translation.) Count. L„ml,„i. S,j,f,;iil>,r V.) (Or/ol,rr 1), 1824, It. J.oiiiliiii. '^I'jiti'iiilifr r.» {ih-iolu'f i), Jf<24. TIk' day before his do(iarture for Trel.ind, Mr. Canniiij^- .idih'essed me tlio inclosed note, in which he states liie reasons which cause the I'ritisli (iovernment to desire the transfer to London of the nen;otiations relating to the po.ssussiouH of the two States on the north-W(?st coast of .Vmeiicii. In traiisiiiitting this docunK'nt in the original to your Excellency, I can only, M, Ic Comte, refer the subject to the consideration of the Imperial Ministry. 1 have Iko. ion of DiLiunt No. 47. Mr. G. Cdiinimj to Mr. Ward. (No. a.) Sir, Foreinn Office, Sept-imhev 1.3, 1824. SIR CHARLES RAOOT'S despatches of the 2Gth August weic' received hero on the !)th ir.Btont. and have been laid before the King. [4b7] U 74 Thv Diilv point (111 wliich I liavo to instruct you, in coiiReijuoncc i>f' their arrival, i.s tliat of the rc'iisnl of the Court of St. Pcteisburgh to conchido and nigu the Treaty respecting the north- west c(.ast of America. Nothing could lie Iokm expected tluit tliiw rrfiesal, and tiie y these UK'au,-, it will ill ln' possible to bring it to a (•onchHi>)n before the meeting of ''.ii'lianient. And you vill assiac the ]{uKsian ^Minister that this consiih'ratiou weighs with us nu.st particularly, because the hope and promise of some amicable and satisfactory arr.'in :;emeut tourhiiig the Ukase of 1S21 has been so often coidiileutly held out to Parliament that we look forward with great anxiety to the discussions which might arise upon a tVesli disappointnieut ot those exjiectatious. 1 am, &c. vSigne.l) GEORGE CANNINCr. No. -IS. I Mr. G. (.\ nniiui to Mr S. Canitiiiii. (No. 1.) Sir, Fcri'iiin Ojirc, Ikcei.ili-r S, 1S21. UIS ^rajosty having b;,,i gracituisly pleasoil to name you h's l'l<;nii)otc'itiary for concluding and signing with the h'nssian G^'vernmint a Convention for ti-rminating tln' di.sci'ssions which have aiisen out of the piromi:';'; itii'u of the Russian I'kasi' of 1821, and for settling thj respectivo territorial claims of Cireat Ibitain and i^ussia on tlio north-west coast of .Vnieiica, 1 have received His ^bijestv's conunands to direct you to repair t( St. Petersburgli lor that purjKise, ano to fuinish you with tile necessary instructions for terminating this long protracted negotiation. The correspondence which has already passed upon this subject has been submitted to your perusal, and I iniloso *o you a copy — J. Of the "priijit" whieh Sir Charles I'agot was authori/.ed to couclude and sign s'ime months ago, and which we had every reasnn to cxiiect would have been entirely satisliu'tory to the Kussiaii Cn.vcri.ment. 2. Of a " contre-projet " drawn iiji by the Russian IMenipotentiaries, and presented to S'v Charl agot at their last mi'cting before Sir (^'harles J)ag<:t's deiiarture irem St. l^■ter^^bnrgh. transniis-^ion ol the " (.i.ntre- ;5. (i . despatch fi'oni Count N'esse'rode. acciimpanying- 1h pr(jj it" to (Jount Lieven. In that (hspatch, and in certain tna'giial aunotaticiw upon the copy of the"proiei." ajsigneil tlu^ reasons of the altei'atioris pi'.ipiisod liy tin; Russian rienijMilentiaries. In coiisidei'inji- the rxpedieiiey .f admitting or rejecting the projiosed alterations, it tl le artie the Treatv in the order in which (lav stand in the be con' nient to English " projf t " You will observe, in the iirst place, that it is proposed by the Russian I'hiiipotenliarii'H entirely to change that order, ami to transfer to the latter part of the instrument the Artich; whic 1 has hitherto pti od first in the " projet." 'i'o that tnuapo ,it'oi. wc cannot agree, for the voy reason whieh Count Nesselrode alh'ges ill iiivour of it, vii.., that (he "economic'" or arrangement of the 'i'leaty ought to have refi i-iiue to the history of tne negotiation. The whole negotiation ;;;ows ont of the Vkase of 1821. So I ntirely and i.bsolutely true is this pnipositioii that the settknieiit of the limits of (he respective p ssessions oi' (ireat Rritain and Russia on the north-west coast of America vas jiroposed by ns only as a mode ot facilitating the adjustment of the dilferei./',- ari-ung fVou ihc I'kase by eiialiliiig the Court of Russia, under cover of the mm'e compi'elKn.ulafi(>n stands in tlie front ni' tlie (,'onvention ('oncbided betwee;? IJuswia and tlio United ;-.ates of America, and we see no reason why upon similar claims we should not .^bfaiii t'.\.actly the like satisfaction. ¥or reasons of the same nature wo cannot consent that tlu; liberty of navigation thrnugli Ikring Straits should be stated in the Treaty as a boon from Russia. The tendency of such a statement would be to give countenaiico to those claims of oxclesive jurisdiction against which we, on onr own behalf and on tliat of the wlioh; (•ivilizeil world, protest. No sjH'cilication of this sort is found in tli' f^'onveiition with the Tnited States of America, and yet it cannot be doubted that the America'. s consider themselves as secured in the right of navigating Pierii,g Straits and the sea beyond them. it cannot be expected tiiat I'lngland should receive as a Ikmhi that which tlv I'liitid Statc.s hold as a right so unqucstiiinable as not to be worth recording. Perhaps the simplest comso alter all wil'. be to substitute, for all that part of the •' projet " and '' coiitre-]iroji't " which ndates to maritime rights and to navigation, tlie lirst two Artictles of the ' 'onveiition already con(du(le pni)iose, \ i/., the eummit of the niouiitaiiis which run parallel to the coast, and which appear, according to the map. to folKiw its sinuosities, and lo substitute generally that which we only suggested as a coricctive of their lirst propos tion. Wv cannot agree to this change. It is (piite obvious that the boandary of nioiintaiiis. whi'ro they exi.st, is the most natiival and etVectual boundary. The iiicoiivenR..ce against which wo wisiied to guard was that \\liic|i ymi know and can thoroughly explain to the Russi.iii Plenipotentiaries to have existi.'d on the other side of tiie American ( 'ontineiit, wlien mountains laid down in a map as in a certain given po.sition. aiul assumed in faith of the accuracy of that ma[) as a boundary betv.ein the posse.'^sions (.f England and the United States turned uut to be quite dilferently sitviated, a discovi'ry whi('h has given rise to the most perplexing discnssion«. Should the maps b" no iiinre accurate as to the western than as to the eUKterii mountains, wo might be assigning to Rus.sia immensi Irai'ts (jf inhind teiritoiy, where we (Uily intend( d i . ,give, iind Ihi'y only intended to ask, a strip of sea-eoa.>i(, To avoid the '.nance of this inconveiiienct! we jiroposiJ to ipialif) the general pi > po.^ilioii ''that the mountain^< should be (he Itoundarv, with the nonditioii if those mountains sh:»ild not be found to extend beyond 10 leagues from the ciiast." The Russian I'lenipoteiitiaries now proj)ose to t.ike the distance invariably as the rule. IJut wc cannot consent to this change, Tliu mountains, as I have said, are a more eligible boundary than any iiuaginary line of demarcation, and. t\m being their own original prop.isitidii, the Russiari Plenipotentiaries can not reasdiiably refuse to adhere to it. AVhere the mountains are the boundary, wi- are coulent to take the summit instead of the "seaward base" as the Hue of deinarc.-, >n. I omitted in my la-t instructions to Sir > arles ilagot. though I liad signified to ( 'omit f.ieven, that 1 intended to reijnire a small (.'Xti'iision of the line of demarcation from the jioint whei-e tiio '■ lisiere " ou the coast terminates in latitude iV.I to the northward. The e.KtciiHion rj(|uired is fioiii lilO" to 141'^ we.st longitude, the latter being the parallel which I'alls luoro dii'eetly on .Mount EliaH. With regard to the Port of Sitka, or New Archangel, the offir cunu' (aigiiially Uussi.a, but wo are not dispoNcd to objet^t to the restrict inn which she now .qiplies to it. Wo are content that the port sluill be open to im for ten years, provided only that i otliiT uatiou obtains a more extended teiin. the like term shall lie extemled to us also. Ill f any w W'a i\ro cfiiitiiit iiIko tfi nFinipn tln^ jioriod of fen ycjirK fm- flin n'f'i|)rn''fil liberty nf iifcoKH nmT roiniiicrco witli cucli otliciH ti'nitorics, wliicli stipiiliifioii iiiiiy Ik; b^Kt Kliilcil jui'ciKcly -ii flirt<'rii)S of Article IV (if flic AiiiiTican (JDiivciitioii. riicsc, I fliiiik, arc till- (inly [Kiints in wliicli alt( latidnH arc i((iiiir(il by Russia. Ami \\n liavo no other to j)ropoHc. A " |ir(ij('t " HUcli as it will stand accordinj^ to tlic (.l)scr\ati(inK of tliis (Icspatcli is inclnscd, wliich you will nu(|( istand as fnrniHlicd to ymi as a ^iiidf; for the drawinj;' np of tlio T'diiviMitioM, but not as jircKcribing- the jnecisjt form 'A' words nor fcttm'inp^' your discretion as to any aileralioiis not Varying- from the snbHtiiiiec of thcKc instnictionH. It will, of coMrnr', striken the lindnian I'Icnijxitcntiaiics that by the a(l(i|ition of tha|^'()t was anthori/cil to sij^n tli(r •'. I'>l>f«l'iiireta,i,'ne et il'lrliiiide, et Ka Majesli' I'lMiijiereiM' de tollies Ics ItiiHsicH , l('nf|iiels I'li'iiipolent iaires, apii' s s'l'tre ^uiniiiiiiniiiiii'' leiir.s pleiiis poiivoir.s respcelitV troiivi'.s en Imiiiiic et due ronin', out ain'le et nij^iie les .Artieles siii\alils : — AUTKJl.K r. II chI eoiivi'iiii (|U(> diili^i aueiiiic piulir dil ;jlaiid, uec'ali, appeli' roiiiliiiilii'liiclil Oim'hii i'aeilii|iie, li'S Riijets rcsjicelif.s des Mantes riiissanres (.'oiitraelantrs lie seiunt iii troiilili's, iii •^''■nrs, soit dans la navi;,'atinn, suit dans I'exiilnital ion i]f la prelK^, suil dans la faniUi- d'aliorilei' an\ cnlcs siir di'S ))oinls (pli lie Hi'ioient pas di'Ja oi eiipi's, aliii d'y faire le eoinnieree avee les iiidi;,'rnLS, saiif toiilclois les riislrietioiis el (oudition ■ deleniiiiiu'S par les Artieles ipii siiivenl: — AKTKI.K II. l)ans 1,1 vile d'l'liipeejier iple les droits de navigation d de prclie cxi-Iim's slir le j^lalid oei'an ]i(U' les snjetH des llaiites ''iirlies {'oiiliaclaiites iie devienmiil Ic pi('lr\(e il'iin loniiiieree illieite, il est convenu ipie |.'s Hiijets de Sa Majesli' l)rilaiini(|iii' il'alionli'ioiil a ain'iin point on il se trmive nil •'•talilisseiiiciii Wiisse sans la iieriiiissinn dii (ioiaei iii'iir nu ( .'niiiniandaiil ; d ipic recipiiM|iic:iienl lt^s siijils Kiis.scH no poiiriciii( aliorder sans ]iernii>sioii a amiin elalijis.seinenl i'iritaiiiiii|iie siii la eole Jiord-uuesl. AliTK'LK III. I II IS h I (iiil lia- \(<\V Ihci- ItllO I,a '' .lie d(! dc'iniir'alioii iMilie li-; possessions des llaiitrs I'lirties Coiil lactaiiles silin'es siii' 1.' contiiieiM, et li'S iles de r.\nii'iii|iie noiil-oiusl sera irai'iV ainsi ipi'il suit : - Coniiiieiuiinl (III )ioiiil le |iliis ini'iidioiial di' I'ile lii;neile di'niarcalioi, ne sera ifii aiicuin' paitii! ii ))lns de !0 lienes de la cote. 11 e-l de ]ilns eonvemi (jiie mil I'lalilisseiiieiit no ,-eia I'oiiik' jiai I'liiie des denx jiailics dans les liiiiitt(s iissi;j;ni'cs par cet Artieli! a Taulii^ : les siijets ISritanniipies ne loinieront aiieiin I'talili'-seiiieiil , noil siir la eote, .soil siir la lisiere de u>viv. luriiie e .nipri.su daiii le.s liinites des posscsHioii.s Kusses tidies ((iiVlli'i' .soni designees |iar eet .Artielu; et, de iiieiiie, mil ctulili-iseineiil pared iic seia foriuo jrar des mtjels Itiisses an dela des diles liinites. ' as to ivo in ■■■Ic. ART.ICLE IV. Fl e.'-l ( iilciidii (piP les Ml jets ile Sii Majesli' riiilanniipliw. soit venanl d" rinli'iieiir ilu coiitiliciil , NHi arriviilit do I'dec'aii i'afiljipie. joiiiimii a jieipcl iiiti' (III droit di' iiavieiier liliieiiieiit el suns tnoli'xlalioo rpieleoi ,ne t.oules les rivieres on tli'iives, ipli dans leiiis idiiis :'i la Mer I'aeiliipie (raM-'I'i(,Ml la li'^iie dt- dijn.iri.ation an loiij.; de la lisieie dela ( 'ile ilidiipiee dans I'Allielu preeedeiil. [4^71 !f ■ 7fi ARTICLE V. ]1 osl, m'aiinidiiis, oiiU'iiilu ([iic ]i()ur IVspace iitaHnii|Uc on iiussi' naviiiuant !'< Ici'au racitic|nc (jui seva force jjav des tcni]ieteH, ou par iincli|u'autrc acciilent. a sc vcfngier dans Ics ))oils dcs [)artics respectivcs, aura la lilierte i\v. s'y ratlonlier ct s'y jinurvnir de (outc chose lieccssaire et se reniettre en nier sans jiaycr d'antrcs dioits (|ne, coiix de jiorl et ilo fanaux, (]\ii t His JIajcsty the King of th(; United Kingdom of (Jrcat Hritaiu and Irilaiid and His Maj'csly the Eii?peri)r of all the Rnssias, desiring to draw closer the ties of jrooil iiiidcrst;(ns, or in the riL^lit to lanil on tlio c'oaKts at i)oiiits not already occupied in order to trade there with the natives, bubject, liowever, to the restrictions and conditions provided in the following Articles : — AHTFCLE II. U'ith a vi(!w to prevent the ri.nlits ( subjects of the llie-h Contracting; 1 navi,i;;ir:Mn (nid (ishinp; exei'cised in the ^reat ocean by arties freii t'lC' pussessions of the lliLi'h f 'onfi-ai- tiny Parties siliiafed on parallel to tlu' sinuosities of the coast, so that the line of demarcation shall not lie anywhere moro than 10 leagues from tlie coast. it is agreed, moreover, that "o establiflmieiit shall be formed by eithtr of the tw.i l'artit condition? delerniiiu'es par les Articles rpii suisent ; — ARTICLE v.. Dans la \ ue d'emiiceher que les droits de n.avigation et de peche exerees sur le grand ocean par les sujets des Hautes Parties Contraetantes ue devieniient. le pretexto d'un counnerce illicite, il est convenu ipie les sujets de Sa Majeste l)ritaniiii;ue n'aborderont a aueun point ou il .se trouve uu ('•lablissi'miMit liusse sans la ]iermissioii de C.- verneur ou Connnandanl : ct que reciproquenient les Kujets Rmsscs ne pournail alionlcr s.ius pei mission a aueun ctablisseiiicnt llritanuiipie sui' la cote iiord-ouest. . ARTICLE Hi. I.a ligiie de demarcation eiilie leu po.sHessioiis des Ibmles Parties (Jeutraclantes sur le contiuent et les lies de r.\inrii(pie iiord-oue.st seiii tvacee aiuni ipi'il s\ut : — A i)artir sou.'i le piiinllele (111 ."i4 ' 40' de latiweic nurd, et enin- !e |;il° et le Vi'if de longitude om'st (ineridien de HitM'iiwieh), la (lite Jigiie reiiioiileni nil nord Ic long de la passe ilite '■ I'ortland < laimel " jus(|u'a I'eiKboit oil I etie passe ^:e teiiuiliedans I'inti'iiciir de la turre ferine an .')()° de latitude nord ; depui.s cu «iernier jioiiit, la ligne de deinai ation snivia la iieu des montiignes duns une direction iiaiallele a la cote, jusqu'au point d'iiilcrsectioii de 1-11" de longitude ouest (lueiiui ineiidien). 81 ARTICLE IV. II est entondu — 1. Quo I'ilc ilite " rriiicc of AViilca" ti]i[inrli(.Mulrii totiti; cutii'ie a lii liussio. 2. iie 111 lisiiTo (le cAtti inciiliniiiK't' ci-clcssiiH, ([iii (li)il iiiiimrtonir ii cfiUf nn'mc I'uissaiici) ft rciiunitcr (In iiaiallt'lc :lu HG'' (lu,4iv tk; latituilo uoiil au jiuiiil iriuti'iycctidii ilu 141°(l(' lniioitinlc iiuust, aura pour liniitcs la civte des iuoutai,'ii('s, aiusi iju'll a ('ti'' dil plus liaut.iuai.s (pic pavtoiit oi'i la distance entio la cn'tc dos luontagiR'S i-l la incrso trouvt'i-ail do plusdu 10 liiMU.-s marines la limile du celt.^ menie lisiere sera l'oini('e par uue lij,'iie ])arallelo aux siuuoi-ites de la eote, et qui no pomra Jamais s't'loiuuer de la nier ipic de lO lieu(!s maiiues. ;>. QuiX ]iarlir du iminl d'iiiterseetiou du 1-U' degiv de loniiitude (juesl, la ll^iiu di' ce memi.' dej,'n' I'ormera dans son prolon^ement vers la Mer tijaeiale la I'ronliere enlie les possessions resperlives des llautcs rartios (.'onlructautes. ARTICLE V. II est ennvenu, en outre, (p.o iiul L-tablisseinent ne si'ra forme pur I'une dej deux I'arties dans les limitcs iissi,;^m'es jiar eet Article" a I'autre : les su jets liritanniques ne t'urnieronl nueuii etaMissemenl, boit siir la cute, soil siir la lisiere de terro ferine comprise dans les liniiles des jiossessious Itusses telles qii'elles sont designees ])ar eet Article ; et, do meine, mil etablissonient pareil ne sera I'onuu par des snjets Jiusses au delii des dites liiuites. ARTICLE VI. Les sn.jet« do Sa ^lajeste liritanniifae (pii viendroul, de I'iuti'rieur du emilinent, arri\'er a TOcean I'aeitiipie ou de I'Oci'au J'aeifHpu' so renijre dans I'interieur ilu continent, Joiiiront a jierjietuiti' ilu didit do iiavii^uer li'irement et. sans entrave ([ueleonipie siir t(ais les tlcuves et rivieres fpii dans letirs eours vers la JMor racili([ue traverserout les limites de territaire Itusse sur la lisiere do la eote indiipiee dans TArtielo priicedeiit. ,et Sa apres Ulli; les ARTICLE VII. Pendant I'espace dc; dix ans, a daler de la si<;iiature de eetii» i 'oiivontion, les vaisseaux des Hautes Puissances, ou cenx appaitonan ; a lours .sujets respectifs, auroni enalement la lilierle dc frcnuenter sans enirav(< id empeidiemeiits ((uelcon(|Ues, toutes les mors interionres, les noliilies, liavres, et criipies dans les jiarties do la cote mentionnees dans I'Artielo 7" ouur exerccr la peelio el traliipier avee les indigenes. AKTICLI': VIII. itii|Ue, ans la liim IS Ic- Le Port do Sitka ou Xovn-Archangelsk sera ouverl au cnnimerce et aux vaisseaux des snjets Britanni(pies durant I'espaee do dix ans a (later de leeliange des ratiHcations de eetto Convontion. An cas qu'uno ])roIouL;ation de ec termo de dix ans soit accorde a (picjqu'aulre Puissance, la nu'mti prolongation sera egalenient accoiMlije a la (Irande-llretaune. ARTICLE IX. lar il est uu nt les cote cut et sous Ml do ,S(pr;k lis CO a la La SI sdite lilierte de coinmeiie ne ^'appliquera point au trafic des li(|iieurs s]jiiitiieiiscs, des arine a feu, dc amies lilaiielies, de la poudre i\ canon, ou d'autres munitions de uuorre. ks llaittes Partie Coiitrac*. antes s'engageaut iveiproepu aient i\ no laissor, iii vendro, ni livrer ile qiudque iiianiere ipioce puisse Ctiv, aiix indigenes dn pays, les articles ci-tlessus nientionnc'S. ARTICLE X. Tout vaisseau P)rita'ini(pie ou Russe naviguant sur I'Oe-caii Pacili(pie ipii sera force par des teiiqx'fes, ou par (|Uel([Ue aecidont do s(> n!'fugier dans les ports des parties lespeetives, aura la lilierte tie s'y radoiilier el s'y pourvoir do tons les objots (pii lui scront lu'cessairos et se remettro on mer sans payer d'autres droits (pie cenx de port et de fanaiix, les([ueis serimt pour oux les iik'hioh que pour les liatimens nationaux. .Si, eependant, le jiatroii du naxire a\aric se Ir.jiivorait dans la lu'eessili'' de se (k'faire d'niie jiarlio de ses niaicliandises [Jour subvenir a ses dcjieuscs, il sera tenu de .se contormor aux Ordoiinances et aux Tarifs de rondroit ou il aura alionk'. ARTICLE XL Dans tons les cas de plaiiites relatives a rinfraction des Articles de la preseute Convention, le-t autorites ci\ iles et militaires des deux llantos Parties Contractautes sans so pormettre, au invalable, 82 ni voio (It! fuit, iii luesuic de force, M-roiit tciiiiH dc fiiirc un iJiiijiovt exact do I'liffairc et lU ciicoiista ■ cs, u luurs Cimis ifsiieclivcH, leHquelk-s bViigngeut i'. iiv rugler iV I'limiable et il'iii>re; ]>iincipeH a une parfaite justice. lo ses s lea AKTICLK XII. I.ii i>ic.seiitu t'oiiveiilidii «i!ia nitiliuc, el Ics latilicatioiis eu sennit ecliaiij/ues i\ ilaim J'cspaee do iiioi.s, ou jiIum tot si fuire se jieiit. En Ibi de ((uui, i^c. (Tiaiislatidii.) I His Miijcsty tlie K\]\'^ (if the rnit(d Kiii^doui of (Ircat Jirilaiii and tii land and Jlin Majci-.ty tlic J'lnipeVdr (if all the Itiixsias, desiring' tn draw eleser flic IIi^h ol'gdiid imderNtanding and fricnd- sliip wliicli unite tluiii, liy meutis of an agicemcnt wliich Hliall settle, in aecurdanee -with the lirincijile dl' niiidial aeednmiddatidns, vavidns jioinls relating td the coinnievee, the navigatidn, and the iisheries of their sulijcets in the Pacific Ocean, as well as the houiidaries (if their respeetivo possessions on the ndvth-west coast of America, have appointed I'lenipotcntiaries to eoiicludo ti CouventidU for that jnirpdse, to wit : His Majesty the King of the I'liited Kingddin of Great l^ritnin and fr(lan(h , and His Majesty the Emperor of all tlio Hussias, , which Plenipotentiaries, after idnunnnicating to each otiier their respective full powers, fdun(.l in good and diKj form, have agreed upon and signed the fdllowing Arti(des: AirncLK I. Tt is agreed tli.tf the n spective snlijects (if the High fiintracting Parties shall not he troubled dV anni^iyed in any jiart df the great ocean, eonnuonly called the Paeilie Ocean, eitlier in naviga- tion or in the exiilditatiiin df the fisheries, (ir in the right to land on the coasts at points not alreadv occupied, in order to trade tiiere witli the natives, snliject, however, to the restrictions and eoudituins provided in the following Articles: AirricLE II. With a view to prevent the rights of navigation and fishing exercised in the great ocean liy the subjects of the High Contracting Partii s from becoming the juetext for an illicit commerce, it is agreed tliat the subjects of His ISritannie Majesty sliall not land at any jioint where tlior(! is a Russian establishment without the permissioh of the (idVernor or ( din- mandant, and tliat. in return, Kussian subjects shall not laud without permission at any IJritisli establishm.ut on the north-west coast. ARTICLE III. The line of demarcatidii between the pessessions di' the High f^iiitraeting Parties on tlio continent and the islands of Xorth-west Aintriea shall be drawn as fdllows : — " " ■ at the most southern point of the island calkd Prince of Wales, which puint is en the l;Ust and IS.'ird (iegrces of west ARTICLE IV. It is understood : 1. That the island 2. That the strip ol from the 5(>th degixu,' ■ illeil tlie Prince of Wales shall belong entirely to 1 issia. oast mentioned above, Mdiieli is to belong to this same Pin\ er. and to aHCeiid t north latitude to the point of interseetioii of the II 1st dej^iee of Avest Idi'gitude, shall liave as its boundary the cre^t of the mountains, as has been said aliove, but that, wherever the distance lietween the crest of the nmunlains and the sea i-ihall be more +lian 10 marine leagues, the boundary of this saun^ strip shall be fdrmeil by a line parallel to tho sinuosities of tlie coast, and which shall Mowhere be more than 10 marine huigues fr(>ni the sen. 3. That, beginning at the point of intersection of tlie lUst degree of west longitude, Mio line of that same di^gree shall form, in Its prolongation towards the Arctic Ocean, the fVonlier between the respective possessions of the High Contracting Parties. 83 AirricLE V. It iH ngri'i'd. nuiiidvcr, tliat IK) t'stiiMifiliniLiit hIiuII bo fonnrd liy oitlur of tlic two l*aifir« vitliiii flic liiiiitH iisKi};ii((l in this Arficlo lo tlio hHilt. I'litisli KuhJecfH sliall luit I'miii ajiy CHtabliHliiiuiit oitlifv mi tlic cnaKt or (ui tliu titiip tit' iiiaiiilaiid iiicludcd ill tlic limits nf tlio Hiissiaii ]Miss(SKiiiiis as tlicy aic dcHcrilnil in tliiw Article: and, in liko manner, no niidi I'staliliBli- iiiciit hiiiall I)c lormcd hy UusHiaii piilijcctK beyond tliu t-aid liniitn. ARTICLK VI. The fiiiLjccts of His ISritainiic Jlajcwty who may ('(jmo I'lom tlie iiitoiior of the continent to the Pacific Ocean, or who may jj,d IVom fiie Pacific Ocean to the interior of tlie continent, shall enjoy for ever tli(^ right to navigate, freely and without any olistacle, all the rivers and fitrcamH that, in their course towards the Pacific Ocean, may cross the limits of Itussian territory on the strip of the coast dcscrihcd in tlic jireccding Article. AUTFCLE VII. During the jieriod of ton years, to date iVom liie signing of this (.'oiiveiitioii, the vessels of th(,' High PtjWers, or those heionging to their respective suhjcets. shall have equally tho right to fretpieiit, without any let or himlranco wliatever, all the interior seas, the gulfn, havens, and creeks in tliosts parts of the coast mentioned in .V.rticlc HI, in order to carry on fishing and to trade with the natives. AUTICLK VIIF. The Port of Sitka, or Novo-Archangelsk, shall lie open to the commerce and vessels of British subjects for the periocl often years, to date from the exchange of the ratifications of this Conxcii- fioii. In the event that a jiroloiigatinn of this term nf ten yeara should be granted to any other Power, the same prolongation shall be likewise granted to (ireat ISrituin. ARTICLE rX. Tho above freedom of comnierce shall not a|)[ily in the tialiic in spirituous liipKirs, lirc- nrins, side-arms, gunpowder, or other munitions of war, the High ( 'uiitracting Parties biiuhiifj themselves mutually not to allow to be sold, (U' to be furnished in any manner whatever, to tho natives of the country the articles above mentioned. i^ IS X'st go at ha Ist AllTK'LK X. Every ]?ritish or Itussiai; vessel navigating tiie Pacific Ocean that may be (Mjinpclh'd by stornis or by any accident to take refuge in the junts of t!ie respective Parties shall lie at liberty to refit and to provide itseU' there Avitli everything that it may need and to put to sea again without paying any duos except port and lighthouse dues, which shall be the same for theiii aK for the Vessels of the c(umtry. If, however, thi> master of the damaged vissel should lind liiinself <'onijielled to dispose" of a portion of his goods in order to meet his expenses, ho shall be reipiired to t'unf >rm to the Ordinances and Tarill's of the place at whii'h he has touched. ARTICLE XL In all cases of comiilaint with regard to tho violation of tln^ Artieios of the pressat (.'onveiition, the civil and military authorities of the two High Contracting Parties, Avithout permitting themselves, beforehand, any ai't of violence or omployinent of force, shall be required to make a detailed report of the matter ami its attendant eircumstanees to their respeetivu < 'uurts, which bind themselves to settle it amicably and in uecordanee with tho priiieiplos of perfeci. justice. ARTICLE XH. The present Convcniion shall bo ratified an 1 the ratifications shall be exchanged at within the period of months, or sooner, if possible. In witness whereof, &c. M No. 52. ^fr, G. Caiiiiiiiii to Mr. S, Canning, (No. 6.) ' Kir, Fdri'iiiii Oflliv, Miiifh IT), If^io. Y<1I'|{ (l('M|)Mtcli(K t" No. 1.1, iiK'lnsivc, liiivn licrii rircivcil uiid l:iiil lulorc tlio Kinj;-, I iiicliiHc til villi II I'lijiy of II ilispatcli vi'ccivcil Iroiii Mr. Aililini^toii, liy wliicli you will wo tlint tlic Oovirimu'iit ami Seiiiito iit tlui riiituil Statt'H liitvr riitiliril tlir Tri'iity of Nortli- Wt'Ht Aiiicrii-an lioiiiidariiH ami Navigation, wliicli wiih iifi^otiutcil at St. I'l tiislmrf;;!! last year. It in liiinlly lu'ccHsary to jioiiit out to yciu fiii- inlilitional forci' wliicii lliu coiiehision of thin fraiiKactioii ^ixts to that jiart of your instructions on tiic same sulijcrt, wliicii prcHirilirs tho •Icniand for this country of tirnis as favoiuaiilc as tlioso wiiicli luivu liccn ol)taincd |jy tiu; United SStatos. I am, &c. (Signed) (iEOROK CANNING. No. 53. Mv, S. ('itHiiliHj to Mr. (i. C'ii)iiiin(/,~( /\'ireivt'd March I'l.) (No. 15.) Sir, St. Petem/jiniili, FchriHir;/ 17 (.]r liii |ii'iiiic'Uiiiiiil \im (raiciii-iljlr li'i \,in\ (|iii' iimiH In! tiximiM cxpriiui'H soiim <•(■ mii|i(prt, IFiiipiiciii, piaii dninicr uiu! tlciiii(''ri' |iii'ini' (ir x's ilisjidsilidiiM aiiiiciilrH a Sii !\Iiiji'«!i' llrihiiiiiii|ii(', iiuiis aiildiita a .-ijiici' i'.u li' cii i|m'slinii icl i|iii' j'lii riidiiiKMir ill' Ic iiaiisiiifltrc u vntii' i'ixi'i'Uciii e. •U' liii en I'livi-rnii iiii'i'ssaiiiiuciil la fitilicalimis, el Jo iiroiilc do icttc iicca.sinii )iiiiir lui inriiHcr lt'i'C|iliiiii do M's di'lpi'difs dil ■'Id Mar-. (12 l''i'\ liii ', (|iio y: iiir ^ui:^ i'lii|ilrs.>t'' di' i^oiicr a la : 1.. I'l.'.... loiiiiai.'^suiK.L' do rKiiipi'iciii-. (Jount, ('i'laiiMliuitai.) I'iccvi/. >.vic. wuu, .'^^ J'ft,rxf>i(r //, Fr/>nnn-i/ -JO (.lA/r-// ;(), iMlT). I ciiii^jiatiiliitc iiiyscir (III IxiiiL;- ulil<- In iiit'diia viuir I'lxccllciicy tliat ii.y iH'f;'dtiatidtis .•itli Mr. Slrall'drd Caiiniiin' witji rci;'ai'(l (o tli^' iidilli-weKt ('(la.-^t of AiiKiica have hccii ci'dWiKMl Mill 1..|I.,..,.0., ith siicccw. ^V(■ iiiivi,' just Hijiiu'd tlic ('(invention, ii cdiiy dt' wliicti is iiicioHi'd. 'I'lic diily point tlint iiuH j;ivfii vise to any diHiiiiltii h in oni' disciiHsidiiM with tlid British IMciii- pdtcntiiny related to the limits of th(! Hti'iji (it coast wjiich Hiissiii is to iiosscsh on the Ainevican cdiitinent iVdiii tlie rilltli dc.i,'i-cu df north latitude Id tiie point lA' iiiterseetidn (d' the Mist (le;j,i\'o dl' west Idliuitllde. The Kiiipeidi- would have fdiiiid it more nintnaliy just, niore eipially advantaj;'ediis, it' the natural linntier I'ornicd liy the nidiintains liordcriiifi; dii tlie coast were add)ite(l hy hoth jiarlies as the invaiialile line of (leniiM'catidii. I';nf;iand Wdidd have ji'aiiied thendpy wherever those nioiiii- <,,;..o „•,„■.. I..UL. fi..... Id ;.... I ..,,,... I'. 1... ...... If.....:.. ...i. ...... ...... ti.'.t .i.v.i ,. .^.i^ <>'i'('(il(.'v ■ iiic invaiiaoie line dl (leiniMcaudii. raif^iaiui WdiiKi iiiixc ji.iiiied uiereoy wiKMcver iiiose iiioiiii- taiiis were less than 10 marine lea(;Mics I'roiii tlie sea, Hiissia win rcver that (listaiie(; was ^^'rcater : and, ill view of tiic want of accmacy of the j^(Oj;rapliical iiotidiis which we jiosscss as to these countries, Mich an i'rranj^emeiit W(jul(l liav(i ofiercd an entire eijiiality of fiiVdiiralilc (dianccs to the two ( 'oiitractinj,',- Parties. However, Mr. l^tr.itlord Canning' ha\iiig' d(-H'hired that his iiistruetidiis did not permit hiiu to (!iitortain the wi.-^lies which w.' had > xpressed to liini on this point, the I'liiiperdi'. in order t" f^ive His ]?ritaiinie Maji'sty a last proof of his friendly feelini;'s, aiithorii'.ed lis ;i) si^n the act in ((Uestion, such as 1 have the heiioiir to transmit it to year Ivxcelicncy. 1 hliall shdi'tly send y(;ii the ratHicatidiis, and I avail myself ef this o|)pd''tiinity to ackuowl'il !.■,■(' tho reeeijit of your despatchcH of tiie ilOlii March (1:2th I-'eliniary ). whieli 1 hastened t("» eriliitnlMili-:i ti. In tin. I'^iiim.iv^i' Ixcceivo, (.sic. Xe. .v.. Ci/Uiil Xi-fiiclrcdc lo (.'vHiil Liei-i'u.—( I'i'Cfiviil Mmrli i'.i (Aj'ii! l(l|) JI. lu r'ointe. S,iiiit-I'i'ln.^/aiiir:l, /,■ l.'i Mm-, ISlM. \'()T1{1C r.xt'cdlcncc tr(aivciii ci-jnint lu latiticalioii dc la ( 'dineiiiidn (pic iidi;s avoii- coiicluc avce Mr. Slrali'drd (.'aimiii;;' au siijcl ilc-s pcLSsc-sidii-; ic^[ic(.tiv('s dc la j;u--sie ei i\r h ( Iraiide-I'ireta^nc siir la (otc iiord-diicsl dc l'Aiii('ri(pie. V.n ('chaii^eaiit c(;t iiisliiiniciit coiitre cclui (pii (lull voiis ('tie rcmis par la ('(Piir dc jjnidrcs, ]'Kiii]ii.'rcur ik'sirc, ]\[. Ic Ceiiite, (pic n'ous oliscrvicz a ilr. CanniiiL,' iiu'ii cut I'li' plus cdiil'dniic, d'apri's rd]iiiiidii dc Sa ^laj('st(' I'.iipi'iialc, ct aux prineipcs d'luie iiiiiluclk; justice el a ccux dcs cdiivenaiiccs rccipieipics, lie ddiiiier jidiir li(iiiti(^'ii^ ii la lisicrc dc ( otc ipic la IJiissii^ ddit ]ioss;'dcv dcpiiis Ic 56^ dc latitude iidiil iiis(pi'aii jioint d'iiitcrst'ctidii do 141" dc lonyiiudc oiicst, la cietc dcs nioiiliij^iK's (pii .suivcnt les siimositLS dc la ci'ile. Ccttu sliinil'itioti. iii effct, eilt assuii' aux dciix l'iiis.«auccs unc ]iarfaile '.'((aliti' d'avantagcs ef uiic liuiitc uatuKdlc. I, Aic^lci'irc y oftt trouvi; .son ]ivi)i\i jiavtout oil les montagiies soiit a iiioiiis de 10 liciies niarincs dc la lucr, ci la Kus.sie, i)avtout ou la distance (jui Ics en siiparc est [dus graudc II Udus scmlile (pic, to 'cli mt (Ics contn'cs dinit la .ui'o^raphii! est encore ]h ii coiunic. on lie ]iiiuvdil ])rd]Miscr de sti|mlali ;i ])li.s (!'(piilalilc. \'dtre Ivxccllcncc ajoutcra ipic Ic rii'iiipetentiaiic i|" .^a Majcst(' r>:itaiiiii(pic ayar.i (u'clarc (pi'il so treuvuit dans riiiijiessihilitc d'accrcillcr Ics vu'iix que uoiw liii axons cx[iiiiii('s siuis cc rapjiort, c'est uiii(|ucn!ciil peur doiiiier au lioi d'Aii;deteiie iinc prcuve dc H(;s disiidsitidiis aiuicalcs, ipic iKitic auguslc ^laitrc lums a pcrniis do sii^iier eel Arti'le Icl ipi'il existe dans la ('(Jiiventidii ai.-luclle. I/Kmiicrciu so ilatlc ipie Sa Maje-'tc IJritaiiniipie nppn'Ljiera uu aussi siiu^'re te'iiidignagc du dcfsir qui Udiis aiiiiudit dc terminer des di.scussidiis laclicus(.'s et d'eii pivveiiir Ic retoiir par une transaction it. dofliiitivo. Votre Kxcellcncc est luitorisije a (haiiier lecture de la prc.scnte a Jlr. (.'aniiiiij^ el a Iiii en laisser uue cojiie, avee p-'ii've de la uiettre sous Ics yeux du lioi. lieCi.VCZ, &c. [■[•87] Z 4^. Va ^ /a ^> '5> •> %^% '/ ///. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 u: Hi 112.2 t US. 1120 |||i8 U III 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation i^ /. ^/^^^4\.. ^3 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y 1 4580 (716) 872-4503 ilp ) l/j ^ 8fi (Tiiuislatlon.) ■Count, St. rihr."/'!!,-,!/,, Mairh VA,l»jr>. Yoiiit of intcr- Fcctiou of the Hist degn c of west longitude the crest y of a htter aihlre.ssed by you to his Exeelleucy I'rince de I'oligiiac, on the sulijeet of -ji'rtain oyster fisheries lying between the Island of .lersey and the adjacent coast of France, and the other iiulesiiii!; a desiiatch from Mr. Adilington to you, announcing the ratiiication (■!' the Convention i'on as sutlicient, in all probability, to answer every national purjiose. Referring to the American Treaty, I aiu assured, as well by ('onnt Nesyelrode as by Mr. Middloton, that the ratification of that iustruinent was not accompanied w ith any explanations (jalculatod to modify or aflrct in any way the force and n. caning of its Articles. Hut I under- stand that, nt the close of the negotiation of that 'i'reaty, a I'rotoeol, intemled by the Uussiaus to fix nu)ro specifically the limitations of the right of y tlio Hiihmuu IMt'iiipotentiurioH in tlitf «-(iuinc ( f my iicpotiiition with lluin ; and yoi gtiiciai a('( I'jitatiouut'llio teriiiH in which tlii-y are cxprcsHeil. I hnvo, tic. (SigiK-.l; STliATKOKl) CANNING. (No. 7.) i'l'iiiil hiiri'tt III Ciiinil jYefS/'frOifc. M. !.■ r,,intc, /..-)i,/»Y.v, /,. 8 (20) .}f«!, if<2r>. ('<.)NFUliMKMl*".NT mix nnlri's ilc vcitic Kxti'llcncc. jc me suis ciiiincsmMlc iloimiTa Mr. (iiiinin}; Icctuvt' t'l ('n)iiL di' 111 (li'iirclic ii(f.si(iiis icspcclivi'.s di.' la Itu.ssii' el ilc la (iiainlc-riit'ta,i,'ii(; Hur ia c'fitc n<.rd-mi('st lii- !'A;aeiiinii'. Aviiiit, iin'iiu' la i('(iiptiiiii di' cl'IIc )iii'cf, jc iii'i'tni.s fail iiii iliVdir d'lili.siivcr an Scfu'taiii' d'Htat (■•piuMiii li' icl'us (111 (IcmvcrniMiiviit Aiii^luis dc i nu.si'iitir a la fixalinii di- la I'lunlirK" au iinpyt'ii de iu cn'to dis iiuiila;,'tR'S (|iii .•-tii\i'iit Ics .•Li(ii)iaticm dc niu'li|iU'S lii'Ucs di" tciio dc |p|iis cm ilc ninim, ft <|u'iiiic iiiiiiH'iist' ctciidiic dc i>ayH dcscii iioiis .'^('■|iaif cmorc dcs- |ii)ss( ssimis Aiii,'Iciisc.-;. .Taiijiclai ('j^alciiieiit son atlcntiun. snr riiilliifiicc iin'v italilc i)nc la iiriilciir ([iic iion.s aviouH I'lirouv/ij .'HIV nil iioiiitanssi j)cn iin]iiiilMiit en liii-niriiic, I'.xciccioil. .'iur la cciiidnitcdcs iii-picialiiins dc la 111C1IK3 imtmc i[uc Ic (ionvtrncMicnt Aii<,diiis alloil I'lic daii.s Ic cas d'ciilrciirciidic iiicrs.saiiiiiiciil avcu Ics l^tats-l'ni.s, anxfiiicls ccttc (•iicnii.staiicc iic iiiaiii|iicr(pil ccitaiiicna'nt pas do donnor la iiicsiiio drs difliciilU'H et des inctention.s iju'il.s aiiiont a cdiidialtrc. Jlr. (."ainiiiii;. en icndanl )ilciiic jiislicc au.\ iiitciiticns c|iii out di'tcnniiic Ics ('onccssioii.s consciitceH ]mr iiotrc ('mir, doiit la inarclic cii cctlc occasicai a jioilc inconlcsialileiiicnt rcmiirciidc dcs di.sjHisition.s ainicale^ dc Sa Jlajcslc rKniiicicnr vis-a-vi.s dc rAii;,dctciic, a clicr<'lic a jiistilioi' rinsi.sl.iiicc du (!onvciiiciii''iit l>rit«niii([uc, en ni'a.xsnrant nncllc dtrivnit nnii|iiciiicnt dii cli'sii- siiiccn! do jjivvcnii' Ic ictuiiv dt.' tontc discnssimi i'aclicti.sc a I'aMiiir, ct inm d'uiu! iiilciitiiiii i|iiclcoii(jnc d'i\<<|iicfir un ac(■|■(li^sclllcllt dc IcM'itoilc mi dc limitci rc.\tcii.>idi'ialilciiicnt en ii'aliti' ilc la direction (jiii Iciir ctoit dcsiinu'c dins Ics carles jiivMiiiiccs Ics |p1iis euncctcs ct Ics jiliis di'taillccs : i|ii(^ ccl ineonvi'iiicnt s'ctant prwcnlc loisiju'il s'aj^issoit lie c'lntrces donl la Lri'iiuraiiliie est liicii pins coniinc i(iic ccllc dis ii'i.^ioiis aiixiiiicllcs wj icI'iTciit IcH stipnlalions dc la • 'mivi iilioii dn 1(1 {'2X) l'\'\ ricr dcinier. Ic ( Jmn ciic'iiicnt Aii.^lois, on insistaiil aiijoiiiiriini siir la lixatioii d'nnc liinite iiiniiis iiiilcliiiic, avoit crn dniiiicr nnc piciive du IH'ix ijii'il attaelic a jircvenir jiisiina la ]iossil)ilitlish (Jovernment to consent to (he estaMiKhniciit of (he I'roiitier liy meaiis of the eivst of tlc^ ninnntaiiis whieii follow tlio .•sinuosities of the coast. I'liist appear to the Imperial ('aliiiiet when it was merely a ipiestioii ■ f th • oeeiipatioii of a few Ica^iicH of land more or less, and wlnii an immense extoiif id' desert country still Hcpanites us from tlio I'iiiglisli posKcssioiis. I likewise calietl his attention to the intliii nee wliieh tic stifl'nesH which we had exporioiiced upon a point of ho little importance in itself would inevilahly exorcise iipini the maiiaj^-cmciit, o|' the iiegotiatioiiH of the same natnu^ which the Mnu'lish (iovernment would shortly he eoinpellol to nndertake with the I'niti d States, to whom tliis eireiimstaiicc would c'ertainly not fad to givo some idea of tlic diiiieullies and eiainiH which she will have to eoniliat. Mr. Cnniiing, while renderiiii!; full j'ustieo t.' the iiiti ntions which detiiniined the ( 'onecKKioiis j;raiited ly our Court, whose eondiict on this occasion has home indispiitalply the stamp of the frii'iidly feclinj;H of Ills .Majesty tiie Mniperia' toward i'."nf:;laiid. attempted to jiisiify tlio pcisi:;tCiiCo of the ISiitish (iovernmeiit by as>-iiriiif^ me that it aroso solely from a sincere desire to incvciit the recuireiice of any disagreeahle diseiisHio': in future, and not from any intention of acquiriiifj; tin inercase of territory or of limitiiifj; the extension of the KiisHian poHNc.ssioiiH ; lliat the disputes in which thu Knglish (lovcrnnient iindH itHclf eiigayed at this moment with tho S8 l^nitoil StiitoM' (lovonimcnt, oi< nrcfjuiit ivoii llu'iii oil till' maps whicli wi-ro tlioii<.vlit to In; the most corriTt and tliu must dotaili'il ; tlmt tlim ini'xpedieiiry liavi'i;; prosciitcd itself in tlio case of (uiuiitrii's w1ioh(> j^cograpliy is nnR'li oottiM- known than that of tin' rcj^iins to which tho Ktipulations of the Convention of l'''el)niary Ifl (2M) last relate, the Kn-^lish (lovcrnment, in now insistiii^^ n|>on the iixiiifi; of n less vagno boHMilary. thoUj;ht that it gave a proof of the value which it attaches to the ])reveidion ol even tho possihiiity of a diseus'sion tw t'> the tenmu' of the tninsnetion concluded hidween the two (JnluuetK. Having t'Xfhaugfd with ^[r. (banning, on (he '.ith Aiiril. t!ie ratitieation of this act liy oiu' Court for that of His Uritannie JIajesty. I have tin' honour to transmit that document to your Kxct'llency inc'losed, accompanied hy tho cuHtomary certificate serving to cst;dilisli tiie fact of tho exchange which han taken place between the Secretary of State and myself. 1 have, iSn: 80 APPENDIX ir. TKKATIKS nKTWKEN lU'SSlA AM* THK UNITK!) STATKS, 18:Jt; (iHKAT HUITAIX, lH2-y: AND TlIK UNITKl) STATES. 18G7. ('oiimitliiii hitireen the Viiifi'd Siali'* of Amerim oud f/li Mii}t'!i'iiL;iic, de St. rer- diliaiid ct dil Mi'iit ' d • \ iples, di- rivli'']i!ia!it dc' Daiieniare, de I'Mtnilc I'oliiiie d.e Suede, de la CdiMiiiiiie de AViMlemheij,', dcs (!iicl]ihes de Haiicivre, ilii Linn I'cl.ne, de la Fidi'litc de Uade, et de St. Coiistaiiliii il(> I'ariuc ; ct I'icrre de I'oletiea, Coiiseiller d'Mtat actiul. Chevalier de i'Onlu^ de St. Anne de la I'reniicrc Cla-^se el tirand Cioix de I'Ordre de St. Wladiniir de la Seconde : I.es(iiiels. ajiri's avnir ecliiii!_L;e Iciiit! ]pleins iptmvciiis, tniuves uii Imiiue et due turnie, out iirrete et si.^uii les wtipnlations sui\ antes: — In the name (if the Most Holy and Indivisihle Tiinity. THK I'resident '<( the United Stales .>f .Vnicrica. ami His Majesty the Kniiierer tit' all the liiissias. wishiiijx tu i.enicnt the Imnds nC aniily wliieli unite Ilu ni aiitl tiiscciue lietwecn iheni the in\arialile niaintinanee nl a iieilect ennciird, hy means nl' the iircsent CniiNciititiii, have naniitl a« their I'leniimtenliai ics tu this elleet. to wit : The I'resident of the I'nitcd Stales ef .\nierica, Henry Mii'.illetun, a rili/en nf saiil States, antl their KiiMiy Mxliainilinary and Miniitter Plenii'ii- tentiary near Mis Ini|icrial Majesty: And His Majesty the luniierdi ef all the .' ussias, his lieltived and faithful Chailes IJuljert Ciiimt (if Nessclnidc, actual I'rivy ('(lu.'iselhir, ^lenilier uf the Cdiineil nf State, Sifretary uf Stale ilirectinij; the Adniiiiistialidii (if Fnreinn Affaiin, aet'ial Chandiellaili, Knight df the Older df St. Alexander Nevsky, (Irand Ci'dss of the (inler tif .Si. W'ladindr df the Kirst Class, Knij^lil of that df the White Ka;;le df rolniid, (irand Criiss df the Order uf St. .'^Icjihen of Htiniiar>', Kni,i;lit (if the Orders df the ilnly (Ihdsi and (if St. Michael, and (irand Cniss tif the l,ej,'iiii! uf Hdiiniir (if Fian.e, Kliij.;ht (irand ('r'i.>is tif the Orders df the ISIack and uf the I.'dl Ka!,de df I'lns^^ia, (if the Annuiuialidii df S.irdinia, of Cjiailcs ill nf Spain, uf St. I'crdinand and df ^Iciit nf .\aiiies, df the l^lcphaiil lit l)einimrk, nf the I'dlar Star nf Sweden, nf the Crtjwu • !" Wirtctnliei'L.', nf tlu^ (inelplis nf Hamiver, ni t r.cljiic l.idii, nf I'ideiity of l'ad(;n, and df St. Cdnslantine nf I'arnia, and rierre dc I'nletiea, actual CdUiisellnr nf Slate, Kni^'ht nf the Order nf St. Anne nf the I'irsi Cla.ss.and (irand Crnss df th(M)rdcrnf St. Wladiiidr nf the Second ; Wild, after having exehanj^'cd their full pnweis, I'dund in j_'ddd and due f.'rni, lia\e agreed upon, and .sif,'ne(l, tlu! fdlldwitij^ stipulations: — ARTICLK r. II est ?()nvenu nwo dans aiiciine paitie dii (jrand tici'an, appeli' ei)niniui)t'incnt Oet'aii J'aciliiiue nil Mer dii Sud, les cilnvciis tni sujets [4H7.I AHXrCLK r. It is mjreed that in any part t)f the ureat dceaii, Cdiuintiiily eallcti the I'aeitic Ocean nr Sdiith Sea, the res])cetive citizens or sulijccts nf 2 A 90 ivspiclifs aeriint iii troulili's, iii ^^t'livs, Hoit dims lii iiaviga- ticiii, Hiiit iliiiiH lV\|)liiit:itiiiii (li- 111 |)(M'lii', soil duns hi I'liculli' d'aliiirdcr mix >'('ili's siir itcs ]ii(iiits •(iii lU! Hcriiii'iit )i,H ili'ja iici'iii>i's, iitiii d'y I'liirt' li; riiiir.ncnii iivcu Ich indip'iics, hiiuI' tuiilcfois Ii'.s ii'wi lilt inns I't (oiiditiiiiis di'ti'rmiiu'o.s pur Ioh -\rtirli's ((iii suiveiit: — tlio llinl Citiiliiutiiig I'dwi'is sliall oe mntlier dislurlied nor i'i>slraini>il I'illn!!' in navi<{utiiin, or in tisliinj,', or in tin? powur ol' ri'suiiinn to Hio roiislH niicm pnintH wliicli may noi already liavo liivn iti'cu|iicd, f(ir tlio iturpn.'O oi liwlia^,' witli till' nalixcs, savin;,' alwayn tlif iviiUii'linns and (.•DiidiUciiis di'ierniiiii'd liy tliu following .\rUuk'3 : — AI.'TICLK II. A1;TI(I,K If. l)tins la vile dVnip("'ilii;r (|m.' les droits dc iiaviLriiiion ct dc )irclic cxi'ici's siir Ic ;;rand oi'i'aii |iar U'm litoycnt! ct sujcls dos Xaiili's riiissaiiiU'H Coiitrnctanlcs nc diAicnni'iit Ic piv- l(.'xt(' d'liii coiiiiiK'ni! illiciti', 11 L'st convcnu (juc li's citoyi'iis dt'H Ktats-rnis n'liliordfroiit a mu'un jMiint on 11 SI' ti'oiivo iin I'talilissi'iiiont Iiiikhc, sans la perniis.sion du (Joiivcnieiir on Com- niandant : ct qui'. n'-cijiioipR'nienl, leH Biijcts liiissuK no poiirront alKUtlor sans ]ii>nnission a auc'un tl'talilissL'iiR'iit lies Klats-l'nis siir la cole nord-ouest. AN'illi till' viiiw of pvcwntin;,' the ii>;htH of na\i^;ation and of tisliiiij,', cxcrcisii! upon tho f^roiil oL'i'an hv llic citizens and siilijecls of tlio Hifili ('ontualini,' rowers, from lmoiiiinj.c the liret(!Xl for an illicit trade, it is ii;,'ieed that ihe eitizens of the I'nited Stales shall not rcMirt l<» any jioint where there is a Iiussian estallishtiient, wiiliont the |ieniiission of the ( iovt-rnor or Coni- inander: aiul (hat, recipi-oeally, the Hiihjects of KuHsiii shall not rissort, willapiil iieiniission, to any estalilishnieid of the I'niled States npon the nortii-west coast. AliTK'LK III. AltTKJLE III. II est eon'^'onii, en outre, (pie dorenavant il ne ponrra etre forme par les eitoyeus des Ktats-Unis, on sous rautorite des dits Ktats, auenn ^tahlisse- nient siir la eote iiord-onest d'Anieriipie, ni dans aueune des iles adjiieentes lut non/ du 54" 40' dc latitude septentrioiiale ; et ijiM? do meiiie il n'en jMnirru etre tornie aiieun jiar des sijets lUisses, on sous laiilorite de la llussie, an mu/ du memo piiwUele. It is, nioK'over, ajfieod that hereafter there slinll not lie formed liy the citizens of the I'niteil .States, or under the authority of the said States, any establinhnient iijHin tiie iiorih-west coast ol" America, nor in any of the islands adjarent, /a l/ir lutilh of r)4° 40' of north latitude: an<' that, in the same manner, there shall he none formed hy liussian suhjccts, la' under the authoiity of Jlii.ssia, Hiiiith of the same pai-allel. AirncLE IV. AIITICLK IV. II est, neanmoins, entendu que jiendant nn terme de dix annees a eoni]iter de hi siniiiitiiie du la ]>n'sente Convention, les \aissenux de deux I'uisaani'es, on ipii a]>i)artiendroient a leurs ciloyen.s on si.jets resiicclifs, pourront reciproque- nient freqiR'n^or sans entrave (|ueleon(pte, les mers inli'rii'iires, les ^^olfes, havres, et eri(pies sur la cote meiitioniu'e dans I'Artiek^ precedent, afin d'y I'aire la pcche ut le commerce ave<- les naturels dii pavs. It is, nevertheless, nnderstoed that during a tenii of ten years, counting; from the signature of the present ('(invention, the ships of lioth l'o\ cicceding Article, and tho two Powers eiiguge, reciprocally, neither to .sell, nov Hull'er tliem to he sold to the natives hy their respective citizens and snhjects, nor by any iierson who may lie under their authority. It is likewise stipulated that this restriction shall never all'ord a. jiretext, nor he advanced, in any case, to autlKjrizo either search or detention of the vessels, seizure of the merchandise, or, in line, any niiasnres of constraint v.hatever towards the nierchants or tins crews who may carry on this commerce, the High Contracting Powers r'>ci]ir(ically reserving to themselves to determine ujion the jienalties to be incurred, and to inllict the ]iunislimcnts, in caw; of tho contravention of this Article, by llieir respective citizens or subjects. 01 ARTKXK VI. I-tiiwmo i-ellc CinnciitiMii auni ('ti' (luiiu'iil ratilii'c |)iii' If I'li'si.lc'iil iIcm Ktats-l'Mis dc I'uvis <.l llu CllllHlMltclllCIlt (III Si'lUlt, (rmiC )lilll, I't (lu raiitic jKir Sii Miijcsli' rKiiijicicur (Ic 'I'laili's Ich Jiiissii's, Ic.H latilii iitiiiiis en wniiil i'(luiii},'i'i'.s a \Vasliiiij,rtoi) (hum le dt'lai do d'x uunn i\v la date •'i-dt'ssims, on plus l('>t si I'aire no jii'iit. Kn fol do "jtiui k'N l'luiii]HiUMiliaiiv8 ii'siK-ctifH Tout siKiit'O, I't y out fait aiijiDHcr Ics eai'liots do leurs urines. Kail a Saiiit-IV'tcrslhUir;,', le .' 07) Avril, dc I'aii d(j enii' of All the Itiissias, the lalilications siiall lie exchanged at Wasliini;toii in the sjiace of t»!U nionths fi'oiii the dale lielou, ur Houner if |Hissil>le. In faith whereof the respective I'lenipotentiariijH have Hij{iied this (,'oiiveiition, uiid thereto allixed the seals of their arms. I>one al .St. IVtcrslniij^h, thti .".th (^ITth) Ajinl, of the year of (Jraee \^2-i. (L.S.) IIKXUV MIDDLKTON. (LS.) l.i: CoMiK (UlAKLKS DK NKSSKMMDK. (L.S.) I'lKKKK UK PULKTU'A. Coiu'eiilwn lii'tweeu Ureal lintuiii itml /{iifKi'a, (Sifriiod at St. PeterHbuif^h, February K! (28), 182." ; picsented to rarliaiuent. May ICi, 1825.) Ill \h(! Name of the Most Holy and I'ndividcd Trinitv. Au uom de la Tivs Saiiite et Indivisible Trinite. (Translation.) HIS JIajesty llu' Kiiij,' of IIk; llnitei] Kinj,'doiii of (livat lliilaiii and Ireland, and lli-i Majesty the luiipcror of all the Iiiissias, boin;^' desirous of drawin;,' still closer the ties of good uiideistanding and fiic'iidshiji wiiich unite them, by means of an Agreement which may settle, upon .i liasis of reci- procal (;ijnvenieuee, (lilVeient points connected with the commerce, navigation, and tishories of their subjects on the Pacific Ocean, as well as the limits of their icspective jiosse.ssioiis on the north- west coast of America, have iianu'il i'lenipnten- tiari(>s to concbidij a Convention for this purpo.se, that is to say : His ^lajesty the King of llie I'liit-ed Kingdiaii of (Ireat liritaiu and Ireland, the liiglit Ibuiour- able Stri'.lbrd (,'aniiiug, a Member of His said ^lajesiys Most Honourable I'rivy ('(Muk il,&c..and [l\y JIajesty the Emperor of all tlie liussias, the .Siora' (,'harles Itoljiut Count de Ne-iselrode, His Iiajerial Majesty's Privy Couucilloi. a Member of ilie Council of the Emi)ire, Secretary o| State for the I)epartineiit of I-'orcign Atl'airs , \-e.. and the Sieur I'ienc de Poletica, His Imperial Majesty's Councillor (.'f .'^tate, Ac. WIks after having coinmuiiieat(!il to each other theirrespe'jlive full lowers, found ingooil and due form, have agreed uiioii and signed the following Articles : — S.V ;\Iajeste le lioi du I'oyaumc-riii de la (irandc-liietagne et de I'lrlande, et Sa Majest(' rEmiierctir de loiites les Itussies. dc.sirant rc.^S'iTer les li(Mis de lionne intelligeiKM; el d'amilit' (pii les unis3ent, au inoyeii d'un accord (pii ri'glcroit, d'apii'H le principe des coiiveiiances rccipi-o(|ues, divers points iclnlil's au commerce, a la naviga- tii'll, et aiix ii('cherics de leurs siijels siu I't >( ('a>! Paciti(iue, aiiisi .pic les limiles (h; leurs ]ios.sessions rcspeclives sur la cote nord-oiu'^t de r.\in»'ii(|Ue, out iioiiiiik' des I'lcniiiolenliaires pour coiiebire une Couveiilioii a cet ellet, savoir : Sa Jtajeste le IJoi dii Koyauuie-rni de la ( Jiande- liivlague et de I'lrlande. le Ties Iloiioralile Strat- I'ortl Canning, Cunseillcr de Sa .Maj(^sti' t!ii son Conseil I'livi', I'ce. : et Sa Majestc rKiii]iereur de toutes les Pussies, le Sieur Charles Polierl Cointe di^ Xessjlrode, .sou Con.seiller Prive actuel, Meiiibre du ( 'oiiseil dc rKinpire, Seeivtaire d'Htat dirigeant li' Jfinisti'ie lies Atl'.ures f'lrangeres, iVie. : et le Sieur Pierre ili» Pulelica, son Ciniseiller d'Ktat actuel. S:i\; Lesi|uels Pk'ni]iolenliaircs, apn's s'("'tre coni- miiiii(|Uc leurs pleiiis puuvoirs resiiectif.s, tronvcn en bonne et duo forme, out arrete et sigmj le.s Articles siiivans : — APTICLE I. It is agreed that tlie rcsjKjctive subjects of the High Contracting Parties shall not be tronblud or molested, in any part of the ocean, commonly railed the Pacific Ocean, either in navigating tile same, in fishing therein, or in landing at such jiarts of the (soast as shall not have been already C('an Paci- ti(|ue. les sujets respcclifs des Iliuites Piii.s.sances Contractantes ne scront ni troubles, ni genes, soit dans la navigation, .soit dans rexjiloitation de la ix'che, soit dans la faciilte d'aborder aux cot(!S, sur des ))oints ipii ne seroient pas deja occupies, utin d'y faire le commeice ovec les indigenes, saut" toutefoisles resliiction.i et conditions ileteriuiiieeH par les Articles iiui suivent : — 02 AltTK'LE II. AllTlUI.K II. Ill (udor to jircvLMit l\w i ij^ht of iiiivif>alinn nml liHliiii},', t'xt-iciHcd u|Miii till' (iLM'iin liy th • siibjcirts •if tlic Hij^li ('iiiitrai'liiij,' I'lUtirH, fnnii liccoiiiiii).' tlu' ]>ii't('xt Inv ail illi( it (■nimiicKc, it Ih iijjk'imI that till' Hulijt'cts of IIJH Ilritaiiiiir Majcnty Hliall not laiiil nt any [ilaci! wlierc tlicn- may I'o a ItiisMiaii i>Ntal)liHliiiinil, witlioiit lln' ix'Tiiiissinn nf tile (Ikvi'iikpI' (If ('iiiniiuniilaiil : ami mi tlicnlla-r liniid, lliat Itiissiaii hiiltjt'ctH sliall imt land, with- out pfiniission, at any nritisii t>Htal>lisliiiioiil 'tii lhi> north- wt'st coiwt. Iian.t III vui> d'ciiiiH'clK'r i|U(' Ic.h droits dc navi- gation el dt' |n'clu' I'xcnvs n\\v Ic urand oct'iin par IcH HiiJftH licH llaiitcs i'artii'H ( 'ontiactanti's no dcvicniK'nl li> |pivtcxtc d'nn coiiiinon'o iliicito, il OHt convcmi i[iii' Ics siiji'ts do Sa MiijoHli' Hri- tiinnii|iio iraliordoriiiit a anciiii |>'iiiil oi'i ij ho troiivo nil ('tiililissoinont ItnsHo, sans la |ioriiiiH.sioii (III (lonvorncur on ('oniniandanl, ut i|iie, ri'oi- ]iionuoiiionl, Ics siijcls iiii.sHi's no |ioiirroi,t al)oi'dor, HuiiH |iorinisKi'>n, a aiiriiii otaiilisHoiiiont liritaii- iii from the southernmost point of the island called " I'linoe of Wales f.sland," which point lies in the ]iar!illel of 54' 4(1' north Inliliido. mid lietween tlio TUst and l.'I.'Ird dej;icc of west loiiiiiluile (nioridian of (irconwich), the said line shall ascend to the north aloim the cli;iiiii(4 «Mlleil ■• Portland Channel. "as faias the ipoinl of Ihr ••ontiiioiit where it sliikcs the "pCith de;^reoof iicirtli latitude: Ironi this last nietitioiied point the line «if demarcatinii shall i'ollnw tlio summit of the iiionntaiiis situated iiaialii 1 to the coast, as far as |H>iiit (if iiiterseeti'ili of the 141st de;,'ree of west loiiiiitude (iif the same meridian): aiil, liiially. from the said point of inter.seelion, the said incri- diaii line of the 141st ilej,ree, in its ](rolon!,'ation iiH far a.s the Frozen Ocean, sliall fnini the limit Itelween the ]!us>iaii and Uritish ]iossessioin on the Continent of Anieiica to the noith-west. Li lij;ne do dcniiircation entro leu possesHioUf* lies Hant(>.s Parties ContractanteH siir la cote dii I'ontineiit ot Ics lies do rAiiu'riiiue iiord-ouost .seiii traceo iiinsi (|u'il suit : — A jiartir dii point le jiliis meridional do I'ilo dilu " I'riiiee of Wales," loiniol puint .s(> ticiiive sous le jiarallcle dii ,"i4' 40' de latitude iinrd, et outre le 1:!1'' et le lo:>'' dej,'r('' de lonxi'iido oiiest (meridien de (Ircenwich), la dite lij^iio leiiionteia aiinord le lonj; de hi passu dile '■I'oithind Channel," jusiprau jioint de la terre ferine ofi elle at'.iint le ."i()' dej^iv de latitude iioid: de ce dernier point la lij^ne d- demarcatiiai suivra la elvle dcs iiiipiitajiins .'■itin'es iiaialleleliieiit ;'i la eoie, jusi|u'aii point d'iiiler.-^ection dii 141' dof,'!!- (U' Iciiiijitnde oncst (nieiiie nn'ridien) : c^t, linale- iiieiit, do. (lit point d'intersectioii, la iin'me liijiie iii('ridioiino du 141'' di'^n; fornierii, dans .son piol(iii;;einent ju.s(|ira la Mer (llaciale, la liniito outre les ]>(issi'.ssioin Ilns-cs el ISritanni(|ues sur le (.'outinent de IWiiU'rinue iiord-oue.st. Ain'ICI.E IV. AliTICLK IV. AVIth rorerence to the liiK! of deniaicatidii laid down in the ]ireeiMliiii,' Article it is niidorstood : (1.1 That the island culled '• I'l iuce of Wales " Isl.ind shall hclonii wholly to Itussia ; (2.) That wlieri'\er ll;e siipimil <<[ the mouii- tiiins which extend in a directimi ].aiallel to the «'ci:st, IVoiii the ."idtli dejiiec of north latitude tu the ])oiiit of interseetioii of the 141st de}j;rce of v.esl loujiitiide, shall prove to ho at the distance of more than 10 marine hayucs fiom the ocean, tiic limit lietween the I'.iilisli pos.^cssions and the lino of ecast; w hi( h is to l'cloii'4 tu llnssia. as ahove iiieii- tioned, shall he foiliicdliy a line ]ai,illcl to the vindii'gs of the coast, and whii'li shall never exceed the distance of 10 niaiine l(ii;.,'ues tlicic- flUIII. II est enteiidii, par rapport a la li^'iie de di'iiiar- catioii di'termiiicedaiiN I'Arlicle jiieei'deiit — (1.) (Jneliledile •• I'rince of Wales "appartiendia tonti^ eiiti("'ie a l.i l.'iissie : (2.) >}w partdiit (111 la (■i('le des monta^jnes (pii s'i'tciide:it dans uiio diicclioii jiariillele a la cote depiiis le ."i()'' de;,'r(' de liititude iiord an point d'iii- terseetion (111 I -I I 'de^^'n' de loni^'itudi! onest.se trou- vcroila la ('istancede jiliisde 10 lieiies marines de Toccaii, la limiteeiitre les |n)s.sessions liritaiiniinie.s et la lisicie di' (I'ltc mciitioiilK'e ci-dessns comiiie devaiit apparleiiir a la I'ussie, sera forinee ])ar line lif^iic paralh'le aux siiniositi's de la cc'ite, et (pii no jionrra jamais en ctre eloigiiee ipie de 10 lieues marines. Al.TlClE V. AI;TI( I.E V. It is nil leovcr ii;iU'i'd, that no cstalili.'4inieiit hliall he formed hy either of the two parties Avilhin till- limits assigned hy the twd piecediii},' Articles to the j oss( ssioiis of the other. Con- hcipicnlly, J'riiish siilijecis j-hall not form any «'Ktahlislimei ! either upon lie eiast, or u) on the holder (4" tl,' ((iitiiienl (oin|(iised within the limits of the ^^:^si:ln po>ses.'-ioiis, as desiyiialed in II est coiivciiu, en outre, ipie mil ('tahlissejueiit lie .sera forme juir I'line dcs deux jtarties I'aiis les liinites (pie les deux Aiticles pieeedeiit.s assiijiient aiix jiossessioiis do I'ant't'. Kn coiise([iienee, les Mijels riritaniiiipie?-. no formeront aiictin etahlisso- inent soil .siir la (ole. soit sur la lisiere do teiTj fciiiie comiirise dans les liinites des pos.sessioim Iiiisscs, telles (piVlles .soiit desiijnees dans leu deux tlu! two iii'icliiit.' Aitkli's; nml, in like i.miiiuT. ArluU-s iin'ri'ili'iiH : et, y KiiMwiaii iiu'iil m^ win I'miui' imr tlfs suji-U liiwBi'n iiu ilulii Buhjfcts liiy.iinl tlif Muiil liiiiitH. (Wh dilcH liiiiiU'H. AIITICLK VI. AI.Tfcr.F VI. It i- uiiili'iHliioil that till- Hiilijcct.H dl' His Itiitiiiiric ^lail•^ty, from wlinti'wr (|uartt'r tli<;y may anivc. wild lii'i- from IIh' ocean, or from tin- iiilorior of the contiiii'Mt, shall for ever "'iijoy thf rijiht of nM\ i;,'atinj; freely, ami withoiii any himlraiK I' whatever, all the rivers anil streanis which, in tlicii course lowanls the I'aeil'e Ocean, may cross the line of ileinarcalion ii|iiiii the line of (Mto.-'t (Ifiirilii'il ill Ariiclu III of the ineseiit Convt'iilioii. II est oiitendn (jvie its su.jets tie Su Mujexti) ItritaiiiiiiiiiO, de iiuehnie coti' nii'ils nrrivent, soit (le roc('an,soit (Ic rinterieiir ihi continent, joniroiit a ]ieriictiiito (In droit de iiavijiiu'r lihremeiil, et. sans entrave i|iielconi|n(>, snr lims l(>s ilciivcs el ri\ ii'ies. ipii, dans leiilsc'iulH vers la Mer l'acilii|ne, tiaverseronl la Ijom' de di'-niarcatii ii snr la lisicie de la cole indii|iii''edanH I'Articlu III do liiiiivmMile lAiiiventioii. AirricLK VII, AinitLK VII. It is til.sii Miiderstood, thai, for the sjiace of ten yonis from the siiiuature of the )ire.sunt Conven- tion, the ves-els of the two Towers, or tho.se heloiijiiiiji to their rpsjiectivc suh.jeels, shall innlnally lie at lil>erty to fit'(iuent, without any hindrance whatever, all the inland seas, the fiulfs, havens, and creeks on the coast mentioned in Artide III for the imrposes of fishing and of trad ill'' with the natives. II est aus.artenans a lenrs snjets resiiectifn, jHiiirroiit rcciiiro([nement fiviineiiter, sans cntrav(^ (|iielcoii(ine, toiitcH les mers inti'rienres, les ^olfes, havrea, et critines siir la cote incntionnOe dans I'Article III afin d'y fniru la peche et le coinnieico iivoc It'H iiidi (i]ien lu the commerce and ves.sels of liiiti.sli snlijc'^ts fi'i' till! .space of ten years from the date of tlie exchan;^c of the ratilications of the jjicscnt Convention. In the event of an extension of this term of ten years JKiini: ;;raiited to any other Power, the like extension shall hu <;rante ce tcrme de dix ans soit aicordce a i|nel.|ne antre I'ui.s.sanci', la memo prolongation si-ra cgalement atcordco a la (irande- Ihetugne, AltTICLE I\'. AirriCf.K IX. The aliove-mentioned lilK-rty of commerce shall not apply to the trade in spiritnons Ijinior.^, in tiitvarins, or other arms, ;,'an]iowdcr or other war- like stores; the lli,i,di Contracliii!,' I'aities reciprocally engaging not to permit the almve- mentioiied articles to he siM (r delivevd, in ^my manner whatever, to the natives of the country. La snsdile lihcrli' de commerce lie s'aiipliipiera point an trafic des liipienrs s])iritiieiises, des arnics a fen, des amies hlanches, de la poiidre a canon, on d'antres nniiiitions de guerre, les Ifaiites Tarties Coiiti'actanles s'eegageaiit ri'idpriMjiicment a ne liiij'S'.^!' ni veiidir.ni livver, de (|neliiiie nianicru(]ii(! se piiisse utre, aiix indigenes dn pays, les articles ci-de88UH mentioniics. AIITICLE X. AimcLK X. Every I'ritish or Iiiis.«ian vessel navigaiiiig the I'acilic Ocean, which may he coiii])L'lleil liy storms or hy accident, to take shelii'i- in the ports of the it>Biiecti\e parties, phall hi' at lilierty to retit therein, to provide itself with all necessary stores, and to i)nt to sea again, without ])ayiiig any other than jiwrt and lighthouse dues, which shall lie the wime as tl'.ose jiaid hy national vessels. In ca.se, however, the master of such vessel should he under the necessity of disposing of a part of his merchandiser in order to defray his exjiensea, he shall conform himself to the Hegulatioiis and TnriH'H of the jilace where he may have landed. 14S7] Tout vaissoaii Ihitaniiiinie on Kiisse imvignant snr I'Oceaii I'aciliipie, ipii .sera forc(5 par des teinpetes, (ai par i|uclipie accident, de .so n'fugioi' dans les ports de< ))aities respcctives, aura la liherte de s'y ladoiilicr, de s'y jionrvoir de tons les ohjets (|ui Iiii seront lu'ccs.saires, et de se remettre en iiier. sans payer d'antres droits ijiie ceiix de port et do fananx, lesipiels seront j>iiur lui les niciiics i|ue pour lea hatiniens iialioiianx. Si, eeiiondani, le jmtron d'nn tel iiavire se troiivoit dans la necessite de se defnire d'nne partic d'.> sea niarchandises pour snhvenir a sos dcpenscs, ii sera tenu do so eonfornier aux Orflonuances et aux Tarifs de rendroit on il aura abordt'. 2 B Ui Ain'U'i.K xr. AitTici.H xr. [ii u'Vfiy ciiMc of ((iiiiiiliiiiit on inccniiit nf iiii HaiiH toUM li-s caH (li'|iliiiiiti'H I'-liilivisn riiifriic- iiirractiKii (>r tlio Aiticlt's nl tin- in'chcnt <'iiiivcii- linn di-H ArticlcM dc la |pi«5M'iiti! ('niivciition, \vn tiiMi, llii> civil ami iiiililiMV aiitlioritlLH nf tjic lliuli ( 'out I ail ill:; I'ailiii-. williniu, |iiiliall make t;ii I'xarl and (.'irciiiiislanliu! ii'imii i>t' ili(> niattci' III tln'ir ii"<|ii'(tiv( ("iiiiils. wliii cn^iau"' tn Holllt; till' Millie ill a IViiMiilly niaiiiK'i, and ai'i'iiidiiig tn till' iiiiiirijilrs of justice. aiiloiitcH civili.-i el iiiiiiiaircs iics deux llaiitc.^ I'aitics ('iiiiliMilaiitcs, HaiiH Mc iiciiiicli ic an |iri'a- laiilc iii \(iic dc flit, ni nichiiic d(! I'oicc, hciimt Icniic.iiL' liiirc iiii iMiipurt exact dcrallnin'cl dcccs circiniMlanccM a Icin.s (ums u'spci livi ^, 1chi|ii(>11ch Hcn^ancnt i'l la u'ulcr I'l I'ainialilc, ct d'mnvs leu luiiiciiii's diiiic iiarliiito j;mticc'. AlfTICI-K XII. ai;ti(!,1'; \ii. Tl'i' |pic,scnl ('onvcnlinii sliall In- latilid, and I,a ]iii'scnti' <'i>iiVL'!ition sera ratilii'c d Kh till! latiliciiliniis sliiill lie i'xcliani,'fd at London nitificalion!. en hovoiit ccliani^i'i's a l.nndrcs, duns within tlic ■^]iacc of hIx weeks, or mMUur it res|ini;c tie six .seiiiaiiie<, mi jiIiim lot, si faire so l>ossilili'. pent. In witncBS wlieroof the rcsjioclive I'leiiiiioteii- Kn fui de inioi le-- i'lt'iii|ioteiitiiiiri'H resiiectifK tiavies lin\e signed llie siinie, and liave atli-xed I'ont .•*i;;ni'e. et \ mil aiiiio";!' le (aviiet de liiiiH thereto the seal of their arms. amies. Done at St. I't'lerslmrgli, the 28lh (Mtloday Kail ii Saiiit-retersliniiii,', le L'H (If,; IVvrier, <.if PVlinuiry in the yar of our I,ord lMi"». de I'ai' de (iraee, l.Sl'.'i. (i..S.) ST!!ATI'OI!l» CAXXIX;'.. (L.S.) STJ.'ATI'Oj;!) ('AXXIX(i. (L.S.) TiiK CiUNT IK Xi;ssK!,l((>I>K. (LS.) I.i: Cumti; \>y. XKS.sHi.lioiiK. (1,.'^.) i'IKl!l!i: i.i; roLKTlCA. (i,.S.) riHIII!!'; in: IMiLKriCA. '/ n'uli/ rn,u'('riiliiif tin' ('i'skIhh nf llif /{ufniiiii /'i».i.li/ ihc l:'injirri)i' of nil till' Hnnsiaa tu tin' United Stutes aj' Ainericn. (CVimiiideil March ;iO, lf<(>7 ; liatiiicatioiis cxehunged, .liiuc :iO, l(<(i7 ; inouhiiiiieil .liiiiu I'O, lH(i7.) Till'l I'uited States of Aiiieiica ami Jlis .s.\ Majesli' rKiiiiieieiir de Imitcs Ics JJussies I't Majesty the I'hinieror of all the llussias, huinj^ les htuts-l'nis d'Aiiieiiiiiie, de^iraiil lalleriiiir, s'il ritanni([ues dans rAnie- riiiue du Xord,ainHi quelle est etiiblio jiar la Con- vention conclue entro la iJussie et la OraiHlc- IJrelagne le 10 (28) Fevrier, 1825, et delinie dans les termes suivans des Articles III et IV de In dite Convention : — 95 " ('(iiiiinciiciii^ from llii' suiitlicriiiinmt |iniiil cif llii' iMliiiiil iiillfil ' i'lincc (if Willi's IhIuihI,' wliiili ]>i>int lii'.'4 ill iIk! )iiinillir (iircMwii li). llii' F'liiil liiii' sliiill iiMi'i'ii'l III llic iiiii'tli iilmi'.' till' cliiiiiiii'l '4'llllril ' I'l III III III I ( iNllllli'l.'ili ill nis I III' I mi III III' I ho rniitiiii'iil wliriii it striKis till' "ii'iili i|i'L,'ii'('iil' iiiiitli liiiiliili'. Fi'iiiii tliii lii-4-iiiriilii>iii'il |iniii;, tin' lilii' iif ili'liiiii'ialiiili sliall I'lilliiw till' Miiiiiiiit iif tllf liliiillltllilis Mi|il:lti'il |iillilll('l III III " ('ii;l-'t :IH I'lir lis llii' ]iiiiiit Iif iiitiTMci'tiiiii (if till' in St. il('i,'r('i' of wt'Ht Ioiii;iUi(lo (iif till' Kiniic iiu'riiliiui) ; iiinl iiiiiilly, finiii tiiii Hiiiil |ioiiil of iiilcrsi'ctiiiii, tliti Kiiid ini'iiiliiiii liin* of llii> itiHt il('<;i'('(', in its |iiiil(iii;,'iitiiiii IIS fiir MS till' Kkizcii ( Icciiii. " IN'. AVitli icIi'ii'iHc In llic line i.f ilciiiiiiciilinii liiiil ilnwii ill the iiri'i'cdiiij; Aiticli' it is iiiidcr- stood — "I. Tlial the island calliii • Prince iif Wales' island .sliidl lielnni,' wholly In lliissia " (miw, liy this cessimi, to the I'niled States). " ■_'. That wlipiii'vcr the .siuniiiil of the iiiniiii- t liiH which extend in a diieetioii ]iaiallel In the coaHt I'roiii the ."iCilii denno of noiili latitude lo the ]iiiilit 111' intelsectioii of the lllsl lie^rce of west liili'^itlliji' shall )iroVe to lie at the distance of more than 10 maiiiie leagues from the ocean, the limit liclwecii the llritish |iossessi(ins aid the line of eoasl wliich is to heloiij; lo Itiissia, as aliiAC mentioncil (that is lo say, the limit to the imsscs- sioiis ccdeil liy this Convention) shall he formed liy a line iiandhd to the winding; of the coast, and which shall iicvci exceed the dislaiic ■ of 10 niarine lenjiiies ihercl'iom. ' The weslcni limil within which llie tenitoiics and doiiiiiiioiis coiiN-eyed are coniaiiied )iasses throiinh a ]iiiint. in lii lin;,' Slr.iit; mi I he [laiallel of i'i,'i' ;'iO' iiiiilh latitude, at its inlciseiiion liy the meridian which passes midwav lietweeii the Islands of Knis'.'iistern, or I;,'iia|ii ik, and the island of liitmanolV, or N'nonarliook, and ino- ceeds due iiortli, williout liniilalion ii lo th(> same Frozen Dceaii. 'I'lic saiiiu wi'slern limit, bei^inniiiij; at llie Willie initial jioint, iiioc(-'t'ils lliuiice in a i.(an',se nearly soiith-wesl, tiiroiyh I'leriiij,' Straits and ISeriii;^ Sea, so as to )iass midway hetweeii the north-west iioinl of the- island of St. Lawrence and the south-east ]iiiiiil of Cap:' Ciioiikolski. to Ui(! meridian of 17-' west Kuiijituile ; thence, fiiiiii the intersection of that meridian, in a smilli- weslerly direction, so as to jiass niidway hetween tilt! islaiiil of Alton and the Cii|iiier Island of liii.' Kormandorski eou|ilei, or .i;ri)U[i in the Ncrtli i'liciiie Ocean, to the meridian of I'.i:'.^ west loiiiii- inde, so as lo include in the territoi'j' conveyed the whole of the Aleutian islands east of that meridian. " .\ parlir dii iioiiit le plus meriiliiiiiiil de I'll* dite ' I'riiicc of Wales,' lci|uel imiiil «e tioiivn sous le jKiralleh) dii 'i4" 40' d' latitude nord, et eiilre le ll'il' I't le l;t;V' (le;;ri'' de Inii^itnde oiii'Mt (ini'lidien de ( !ieeliwicli>, la dile limine n'lnoiileiil ail Hold le loiiode la |iaH.sedile ' rorlland < haniifl,' jll.si|ii'all liiiint de la tcrre fernie oil elle atlcilit 1" ,'i(j'' denit' de latitude liold ; de ee deinier Imint III lij^lie de di'ni.iK .ili Ml ;ai\l.i III clctedcs liliinlii;;ni'H sit'.'a'es 1 arallcleiiieiil a la cole j\isi|u'aii iioiiit d'inlersedii 11 dll 111'' dcnn' de loli;,'itUite oiu'hL (m(''m(> nn'riilieii), et tinalenicnt, dii dit |ioiiiL d'iiitc'iHi'clion la iiii'me liyiie mciidienim du 141'' decile foiinera, dans son ]ir(iloii){cniciil jiisiiu'i'i la Mer lilaciale, la liniite eiitre IcH |iossessiiins IfiiHsis el l>iilaiiiii(|iies siir It! ciiii- lineiit de r.\mi'rii|iic N'oid-I >iii'st. •' I\'. II esl eiilcndii, par lapport a la li;ine do di'marealiiiii di'lcliniin'e d.ilis I'Artiile piceedelit — "!'■'. U(' rile dile ' I'rinci' of Wnle.-^' ajipar- tieiidia toute erticie a la Jfussie ; " i^niais ilc.'i ce joiir, ('II veilii de eelte cession, aii.x Ktats-l'iiis) ; '' '2. Que jiartout on la ciete des moiilaj^iu's i|ni s'(''tend('iit dans line direction |iariilh''li3 a la lott-, depuis le ,'li'' de^ri'e de laliliide noid an poiiil d'inleisi'clinn dil 141' deuie de loiijiitllde oilest, tie llouvciait a la dislaiiic de phis de 10 lieiics maiines de locean. hi limile elille les possessions I'll itannii|Ue< et la lisii''re de lole meiitionin'n .'i-iles>iis coinme devaiit ajip.il teliir a la Itussio " (i 'est a-(lire. la limile des possessinns ci'dccs par ((•tie (.'oiivcntioii) ".sera foriiiee ]iar iiiie li;,'iu! ]iarallelo mix siniiositi's de In cole et ipii no l"iiirra jamais en I'tre i'Ii'ij,'nei' ipie de 10 lieiies niarines." La limile niiidentale des territoiivs ced's p:isso par uii point .iii l>i'iroii (!,• r.erini,' sous lo jiaral- lile (111 'i'l ' .'lO' lie laliliiile noi'd a soil iiiteisi it ion par le nii'iidien ipii si'paic a distance i't,'al(' les lies Krusi'iistcin, ou l;:iialiiiik, ct llie IJiimauoir, on Nooiiai linok, el rcuioiite cii li^'iie (lirccte, saim limit, ition, vers le iionl, jilsiiu'a Ce n\i'elle se perd dans hi M"r (llaiiale. Coiiiiiien(;aiit aii nii'iin! piiini lie lii'pait, cette limile occideiitaje suit du ill (in (durs )iies(jU(! siid-oucst, a travels l« |).'tioit lie lleiiii;_' el 1,1 Mer de lieiini.',ile maniiTO a jiassei a di^t.iiiic I'Liale enlre le point lionl-ouesL de rile Saint-Laurent el le Jioinl sud-i'st du Cap Clioukiitski jusi|ii'au nijiidien IT- de hin;.;itu(|i! oiicst : lie ce point, a paitir de I'lMtMso lion de co mi'riiiien, cette limile suit uiie i irection siid-oiiest (le niaiiii'ic a passer a distance >'^al(' cntre I'lit! d'Alloii et rile Cdpper (111 yroiipi' iTilois Kor- mandorski dans rOit'an l'acili(pie .'^eiiteiitrioiial jiiHiiu'au nii'iiiiieii de lli;i° dt! lonu'ilnde oiiest, du manii're a enclaver, dans le terriloire c('d(', UaittJ.s les lies Aleoiitos sitiu'es ii Test de ce iiu'ridien. AllTICLK 11. AliTICLI') ir In the cession of territory and doniininn made Iiv the prccedinj; Arlicl(> are included the li'jlit of property in all pulilic lots and s(|iiarcs, viuaiit lands, and all puhlic liuildin^'s, fortilications, liarracks, and other ediliees which are not private individual property. It is, however, understood jiiid ajiived that the churches which have heeii Iniilt in the ceded territory hy the Jdissiaii Ciovernineiit .shall reiimin the proiierty of such Mieinlier.s of the CJreek Oriental Cliiireli resident ill the territory as may choose to worship therein. Iians le t'lritoire ei'di' ]iar I'Artiile ])iee('deiiL a la souviiaineU' des Ktats-Unis sunt coinpriH it; droit de lUdprii'te siir tons les terrains et jiliiceH l>iililics, lerres inoccii]ices, tons les constructions ]iulili([iies, foil iticat ions, (Nisernes, et autres ('difjies ([Ili lie sunt pas jiropii(''ie ]iriv(''c individiielle. 11 est toutefois elitendil el eonveiiue ()ue les I'l^lises construites jiar le (loiivernenieiil IJiisse snr io territoire ei'di' resteront la iii(ipri(''t(' dos meiiihres de I'Kj^lise (!rec(iue Orientab residant daim <;o territoire et ai>i)arteiiaut a ce culte. Tons les All} (lovi'ii.iiicnt uK^liivfH, |>u|Kni*, ami iluciiiiiPiitM ii-liilixc to lliu toiritdiy iiml ilniiijiiiiiii iiroirraiiil, wliirli limy )»' iiiiw fxitliiii; tliric, will lie Irft in llu> |iii r*-i|nirfil will lir, at nil liiiii'N, ^ivni liy llic Uiiilol ."^tali'H to \\\i! lIiiHNiaii (iovi'iiiiiii'iit, or to Hiicli Itii^xiaii otIicL'iH or nuIiji'cIh as llicy may u)i|i1y for. AHTICI.K III. anliivcN. |in|ii('ii<, et (lociniii'iitH ilii (intivt>iriotui>ii(. a}iiiit tiiiit III! Niimlit tcniloirc, ct i|iii y Noiit iiiiiiiitt'naiit (li''|il 11 y aiiia lieu, iIch cojiicH li'j^iilimVs (If Ni'H (loc'iiiiciitM ail I ioiiM'iiic- iiiriit KiiKMc, aiix ollicicrH oii riiijvtM ltim!<<'i4 (^ui |Miurroiii fii fiiiif la (Icniaiide. AUTICLi: III Till- iiilialiitinilH of tlio (i*iit it they shoiiM |ii'efer to riiiiiiin in the ••rih'il territory, they, with the cxeeiilioii of iiii- «'ivili/iil native tiil>eN, hIiuII he mlniitteil to the 4'lijoyiiient of all the ri^htn, nilvantn^es, all tree •Mijoynieiit of their liherty, iPio]ierty, iiml leiijiion. The inicivili/.L'd Irihes will lie siilijet t to mieli liiws mid rei,MdationH uh the United States iiiny from time to time adopt in ie<{aril to aliori^'iniil trilie.s of thiit ((niiitrv. II eHl ivHervi' anx hahitans ihi territoire cede lo ehoix (III ;^aider leiii natioiuditi' el dti rentier en {'n.-xie diiliH I'e.spaee dil troii* iiiih ; nillis hWh piv- feieiil. : ster dailH le teriitoile ci'dt' '\U >elolit. adiiiiM, a rexeejitioii tontefois diH tiilmi HMiiva|;eH, i\ joiiir de tons h'H droits, avaiita;,'es i>t imiiiiiniti'H des eitoyeiiH des Ktats-UliiH, el ils seioiit nmin- teiills et ]irotej;eH dans le jilein exeleiee de lelir lilierte, dinil lit! pro|niele et lelj^ifii. I.en Irilnis ."Miivaj^es rciont ll.s^ujt'tieH anx Ini-i et U';;e of ralilicalioiiH without waiting lor such formal delivery. Sa JfajoHlt' rKm|ioienr tie tontes le.s I!ns>ieH iiomiMera, ausMilot niie powtihle, un A(;enl on ties AjjeiitH eharjji'H de ivmetire ftirmelleinent a rAj,'cnt on anx AneiiLs nomnicH par les l-.talK-Unis le territoire, la sonverainete, Ick prtpprit'ti'H, tlepeii- dantes et a)ipartenanci'H ainsi ct'tles et tli; tlrcHner tout antic nctt! ipii wera m'eesKaire a raecomplisM'- meiit tie cello transaetioii. Mais hi ces.'^ion, avce le tlioit lie iHiHsci-Kion immi'iliate, doit timltfoi.s i'lre consitlen'c t.'omiilelc et aliBoluc a I'lVhanj,'!) tics ralilicaliuns nans alleiitlK' In reniise forinelle. ARTICLE V. A1!TK;I.E V. i Inimetliiitely after the pxchanj,'e of ratifiealions of this riinvention any forlitieatioiis or military lH).stH which may he in the ceded territory .shall lie delivered to the Agent of the Iniletl States, and any h'ussian troops which n.ay he in the territory, sliidl ho wilhdiawn as soot! us may he rcii.'joiialily ami ctuiveiiieiitly practieaMe. ImmciliatemenI apics IVchani;!' dcs ratificatioim do cello Convention, lis ftirtilications el les poslen mililaircs ijiii se troiiveront siir lo territoire et'-tii- .seroiit remis a rA;,rent ties Ktats-l'iiis ct les troupes liiipscs ipii soiit slalionnecH tlans le ilit territoire .sennit retirees dans un termo praticahic et ijiii piiisse coiiveiiir anx deux parties. AliTlCLE VI. AKTICLK VI. In eonsiderntinn of the ecHsion aforesaiil, the Fiiited Slates aj;rce to p:iy at the Treasury in "Wrtshinnton, within ten iiioiithH alter the exchaiii,'e of the ratiticatioiis of this Convention, to the 1)i|ihiinalii' Iteiireseiitative or other Aj,'ent of His Majesty the Kni]ieror l.,iiKiiiL' fi. UiiNHin in III.- Mii.l l.Tiiloiv .') |iiirti'Miiiir<'s llii'ivtn. •TNMi.,.. aiiixi fail.. tiaiiMi;.!.. t..iiH !.■« ,|i„itM, frnii- 'iiNfH, il linvilr-rNa|.iparti'imiitm(ii.lI(.|ii.iit a la IJllHHI.' y Ih.' I'lr.si,|,.||l ..)■ till' liiii,.,! SiMi,;. 1».V mill with ll,,. a.l\i.v iiii.i .uiivciil nt Ih,. S,-iin|i. on III,.,,!,.. |,ni|.aii.i nn lh.. „t|„., |,v ||m .Mai,.siv I •'• hMi|,.T„r „| ail ,|h. iJ.HHias, (l„. iatill.„li„„'s Hliiill 1„. .•x,|,aiio..,l Ml \Vnsliiii^r|,,i, wiihii, tliivn """illis lien, il„. ,|at,. |„.,,,„,> „, ^^, j. ]MMS|I)|(.. Ill laiih wh.TiM.f t|„. ,iM|„.,.,i\,. i'|,,,ii|,ol,.n. tmn..H hav .m^;„.m1 Hum (•Hiiv,.nli„ii, ami ih.ivt,, ullixcl I he seals ,,i llM-ir ariii.s. Dia III ''"'"• '" Wii«liiii.i.'l the lidth day. if Maich the yw of ,,ni l.i.r.l 1807. (I.S.) yVIMJAM ir. SKWAIM* (L.S.) KKoUAliJ) i.K STOKCKI.. •MfTIi |.|.; VII l.<>rsiniL' ivii,. ('<,iiv,'iiii,,|i aura .^l,' .luin.'iil '••tilii.' |mi .Sa .Maj,.MU'. Ij.;,,,,,,.,,.,,, ,|.. |,a,t,M h's '."ssi..s.|im,. |,a,|,,.i ,,a, |,. i',vsi,l,.n| ,|., |.;i„ts. I Ills, av,.,. ravis..| I,. .■,,i,*.,i|,.|,ii.|il ,1,1 S.Mial (li< lauii.;, I..S miili.ali.ihs ,.|i K,.|,.iit ,'.,.|iai,..,Vs I'l y iislim^.t,.i, ,laiiM I.. i,,.,im,,|,. m.ii- iiiois, ,'u„i,i|,|,., "'" .l"ii' 'I'' la si>;imliiiv, ,,u plus t.'.t xi fair., s,. pi'iil. Kii f-.i .l(. .|,H.i |..s l'l.:iii|,..|,..iiiiaiivs ii.siM.ctils '"It •'IKIm; ;ne(l. Envoy I'lxlnionlinary and ^linistcv I'lcnipotentiary of His ^[ajesty tliii Emperor of all tlio HnssiaH, lias tlie liononr t" address tlie followinf;; (•oninmnication to Mr. Dickins. wlio IniH c'liarye of' tlu' Dcjjartnicnt of Forcij^ii lii'lalicnis during' the absence of the Secretary of State. The Convention conclnded lietween Knssia and lln^ rniied States on the 'ttli (I7tli) April, lSi>4, regulated varions )i;)in(s respecting tlie '■iiiiuncrce and navigation of the vessels of eaeji nation along the north-west coast of America. Tiie iVth Article of thiti Convention grants to AnK'i'ican vessels for ten years after the date of tin; signature tliereof the right of frecjnenting, withont any hindrance whatever, tin' interior seas, gulfs, harbours, and ereoks comprised within the limits of the lUiHsian possessions on the aforesaid coast, aiul especially northward of .'d' 10' of north latitude. Tiiis j)eriod of ten years expired on the ")th (I7th) April, ]8:)4, notwithstanding which two American captains. Snow and Allen, who were then in the port of Xovo-Areliangelsk, declared their intention to visit the anchoring places on the coast belonging tr) l{n8sia. as Ixdbre, on tin-, ]>lea that they had received no notice of the cessation of this privilege from their Oovernment. This declaration imluced Captain Maron de W'rangel, (Jovernor of the Ivnfsian-American (Colonies, to state formally to ('ajitains Snow and Allen, by a cirenlar addressed to thi'm mnler date of tho -'7th A])ril, that by the terms of tht' Convention of April, lS:i4, Anu-rican vessels had lu) longer the right of landing at their discretion at all the landing-places of the said possewsions in Americn. In conse(pience of what is here exposed tln' ^linistry of His ^lajesty the Eini)eror of all the Hussias has ordered the I'ndersigned to call the attention of the American (Jovernment to the fact that the IVtli Article of the Treaty of ."tth (17lli) April, 1824, by which indelinite and indi-icriminate liberty (" nne liberte imlefinie ct indistinete ") of fre(|uonting the respective possessions of each party on the north-west coast was granted to the vessels of each, has expired. The new state of things brought on by the terms of the Treaty, since the expiration of tin! said ten years, not having been snlticiently appreciated by the navigators of the I'niteil States, who have latterly frecpiented the llussian j)0S8essions on the north-west coast of North America, it appears to be necessary that the Anuuican public should l)e informed of the aetua' state of the relations on this s(d)ject, and the Undersigned has been ortlered to invite the Goveru'nent of the Unitt'il States to take the most suitable measures with regard to it. The llndorsigned, Ac, (Signed) W. KUUi'ENEll, Extracts from the " Globe" Xcirnpuju-r of Jnli/ 23, 1835. IT will be recollected that a Convention was conclnded between the United States and HuFsia in April 1824, regulating various nnitters connected with the commerce' and navigation of the two nations on the north-west coast of America. By the IVth Article it was stipuluted that the ships of both nations might, during a term of ten years, frequent without hiinlrance tho interior seas, gulfs, harbours, and creeks of each nation on that coast for the purpose of tishing and trading with the natives of the country. The ten yeani expired in April 1834, and we under- stand that iormal notice has been given by the (iovernor of the Russian Colonies to the niustem of the American ships then trading therethat they could m) longer claim, under the (Jonvention, the right of landing at all the landing-places, without distinction, belonging to Hnssiiv on that eoUBt. Those interested in the trade will not fail to observe that under the Ilnd Article of the m I'ouveiition it is noceNsary for all Ainericaii vcshcIh ri'sortinfif to luiy point on tliiil coast where tlicro iH a Ru88iiin esttibliHiitneiit to obtain tin- perniisHioi) of tlu^ (lovornor or ('uininundor. [Ao^'. — The notice of termination of tlie privilege to American vcsni'In to vi«it the interior seas, gnlfs, liarboin's, anil crocks of tlic coawt of North America north of .'i-i" 40', an Htipuhttfil in Articlr iV of the Uussi.in American Treaty, was foUowcil l)y a corrc8])onih'nce l)ct\vecn the American and i'nsisian (io\ ernments extending from lM;i"i to 18;iX. In l flth instant the <'onniiunicatiou of whii'ii I annex ;i <'opy was received from (.'onnt Xesselrode in rej)ly Ic my request midev dat.' of tin! 2llth March last to \w furnished with infor- mation as to the measiM'es ado)ited, or pro]iose(l to be adopted, by this ( iovermnent respecting the admission of Ameri<'an vessels into tlie Hussian estabiislmients on the north-west const. It will be perceived tluit the substiince of (, 'omit Xe..siiine(l in the cas« of the •■ Loriot," Cai)taiti liliiin, to wit, that sinc<' April is;)t, our right to lieinieiit the interior «eas, gulfs, harbours, and creeks north of ."14° 40" north latitude, whether actually occupied or not, has ceased. The consistent brevity, indeed, with which the effect of tiie ten years' limitation is unilornily invoki'd, satislles \nr that it is estceined a juiiiit (I'd/piii \\\ relation to our rights anctfullv, &c. (Signed) (j". .M. DALLAS. ('(Hint \c!(ill(i.i. (Translation.) St. IVtrrshuroh, Apr!! i'7, 18;1X. !MI{. D.\LLAS. I'hivoy FiXtraor <-omitrier. The ('udersigned, hastening to reply to an oxerture aeeompam'ed by an assurance so satis- factory for the Imperial (iovermnent. makes it his duty to observe to .Mr. Dallas tiiat, as tho l\'th Article of the Convention of tin" .")th (17tli) .Aiiril, 1S24. has only granted for ten years (o the vessels of th(> two I'owers, or tiiose belonging to fin'ir ciii/.ens or siibjeetw respectively, the right of freqnenting. reciprocally, tlii^ interior sens, gulfs, harbouvs, iind creeks on the coast mentioned in the llird .\rticle of tlu" sami! Convention, for the ]iurposo oi' iisliing and trading with the natives of tho coimtry, .and as this term of ten years expired i; the month of .\piil IHlii, the iiuthorilies of the Russian establishments on the s.'.id mast are reipiiied to see that Amciicraii vessels no longer frequent the interior seas, gul's. Iiariiouis, and creeks situated north of the lati- tude of a4° 40' north, as Russian vess, Is are, in like manner, forbidden to visit places of the samo norl south of that parallel ; i,-«il to niai'itain this prohibition it is the duty ot the said authiuMtet* to adopt the necessary measures, with the view of keeping up relations of harmony between fh(» two (jovcmnents. Tho «.!overnor of the Rnssiau Coliuiics on the north-west coast, having made ujiou thin unbject a publication which lun been submitted to the knowledge ot the tlovernnicnt of thi 100 Lortll:!::.' / P^™ ^/'^ r ""*;r^T^ •;•. .connncul t.. i,s .„tl.„uti..s on ,1.,. by Hussia at tlK. ox Lt T tl. V ? T;^; r\/'"^ nmintainin^ (h,. nj^lu. a,,,,,! I ..Ivvays ,l,..i,.. ^..(l■c.n^•.la. a JL/ and win. . t|„. I,,,,,,,;,] , .,,',i,„.t „,•„ citiV.c;nHan,lxnl.i..c(s. ' •'"" •^"C^' ""oic c1..n<. i,„' (ho Mintnal .nh-.vsfs (,f tlioir ivsi.c.tivo Tho undc'isio-nod Hoizos, iV:c. (S:gnod> N1;SSKI,1{()1)|.;, 101 APPENDIX IV. THE Hi'DSOX BAY COMPANY AM) ITS liKLATION TO TliK IIUSSIAN-AMEIUCAN TKKHITOUY. (Report from tlie Select Committee on the Hudson Kay Conipnny. Ordered l>y tlie IIouso of Coinnioiis to be iirintcd, lUst Jtdy and 11th August, l.Si57. 2->4. 2(!(). — Sess. '2. 0.109.— 1858.) Miiintff of KviiJencc taken hefort the Select Cuiiiinittee on the Ifiiihon Dai/ Company. February 2(i, 1857. Sir George Simpson, culled in and examined. n mistration of tlio 702. Chdirniiin. I l)elievc you hold an important situation in the territories of tlie Hudson's Hay Company ' — I do. 703. What is it ? — 1 have lieen Governor of their territories for many years. 704. How long have you held that situation :' — Thirty-seven years I have heen their principal representative. 705. Mr. J:\liriinl Elllre. As Governor the whole time ^ — Yes; I have held the situation of Governor the wliolo time. 714. Of course, having administered the affairs of the Hudson's iiay Company during so long a period, you are well acquainted with eveiy part of their territories? — 1 have travelled through the greater part of the country. I have not visited what are usually known as the IJaiTen grounds. 715. You are well accpuiinted with tiic western "portion as well as the eastern ? — Yes; T have not heen in Mackenzie IJiver, liut 1 have been in nearly all the other parts of the country. 31y nsind routi^ in going np the country is from Montreal by 1! liiiy J..ake and Lake AVinnipeg to Ked liiver. I have crossed tin; Itocky Jbnintains at three difi'erent points to Oregon. liV.]. Are yon acqtiainted with the coast near Vancouver I,;|nnd and above it'/ — Yes; I have gone along the coast from I'uget Soinul to the Jfussian princijial establishmont at Sitka. 73,'). l)o you know (^tueen Charlotte It-land'? — 1 have not been on Queen (Charlotte Island. I'iG. Mr. Kihrurd F.Uiee. You confine ycjur observation to the mainland'? — Yes. lOl!^. In what way is justice administerer oflences, what proceedings do you adopt pr.o'tically ? — The Indian is rc}>ri- nianded and held in (disfavour for some time. ll)(i(l. Mr. < lortlim. — 1 suppose this can hardly be considered as administi'.itioii of ju ice. I find that in .Mr. .Vhxander Simpson's l.,ife of Mr. Thomas Simpson, at page 427, it is stated that the Conipany has tlio invarial)lc rule of avenging the nun-der i)y IndiiUis of any of its servants by blood for blood, without trial of any kind. Is that the ca.sc ? — A\'e are obliged to imm'sh Indians us u measun; of st'lf-prescrvution in some parts of the ccuintry. lOtil. \nd without any Ibrm of trial >. — We seldom get hohl ot them for the purj-ose of trial, and the_ re usindly i)unished by their own tribe. I sc.urceiy know a case — fhero may have been, pernaps, a few ea.'es — in which our own servants have retaliated; but the Indians arc usually punishi'd liy tlie tribe to which thoy belong. •AS7J 2 D 102 If tl n-y iidiiiiniKlur ii porlioii of tlic ton'itovy wliicli IJiissinii ( 'diiiihiiiv V — Tlu'i'o is ii inai'ftin of 1 ('ri)H8 Sdiiiul winch mi' Iimvc rented from II.IS. As regnrds tlio govcrnnunit of the trnitovv, liow is it govovned ? I am now speaking' not of trade, Imt of the general jiovcrnnient of tlic territory. — In tlie Red Hiver Settlement, in tlie distiiet of Af wniljoin, tlie pretent Itectrdcr is tin; Governor of tlio district. ll.'il. Ho liastiie oxeeritive jxiwer as well as tlic judieiid :* — Yes. IIT)?. What there is to be done ho does? — Yes; our gaols are almost always empty ; seaieely ever have sin inmate. ll.'JM. As to the rest of the territory, how is that gviversied '•— Hy myself and the C'oimeil. 11. v.). Have ytui any legislative pcnverV — No. lOifi. Hesides your own territory, I think yon i)elongs to Hnssia, under some arrangemeMt with the coast, marked yellow in the ma]), from iiV 1(1' up ti the Hussian-American Company fir a term of years 1027. Is that the whole of that strip f — Tlie strip goes on to Mount St. Klias. 1()2'<. AVhere does it liegin ? — Near Fiit Simiison. in lntiltide af\ it inns I'.j) to Mount St. Klias, which is farther north. lOi'.l. Is it the whole of that strip whic.'h is iiiehided between the liritish territory and ♦ho sea? — \\\: have only rented the |)art between Fort Simpson and Cross .Sound. l(>;i(). What is the date of that arrangement f — That arrangement, I think, was entered into about ISail. 1031. AVbat are the terms upon ■which it was made; do you pay a rent for that land?— 'I'ho British territory runs along inland from the coast about iio miles; the IJussian territory riuis along the coast; wi> have the right of navigation through the rivers to hunt the interior country. A miBunderstanding existed upon tliat point in the first instane.;; we weie about to establish ii post upon one of the rivers, whicli led to very serious difliculties between the Iiussian-Aineriean Company and ourselves. We had a long correspondence, and to guard against the reciu'renee of these difticulties it was agreed that we should leasi' this margin of coast and pay (liem a rent. Thereat was, in the first instance, in (;tters-I liiiiik we gave J, 000 otters a-year; it is now converted into money. We give, I think, l,.")()(i/. a-vear. 10;)2. Mr. C/tiirki) /It^williiiiiK — AVliat otter is that? --The land otter from th" east side of tlu' mountains. We now jiay l,."iOO/. a year for the use of this niariiin of coast. 1033. C/i(iiriiiaii. — Is it a lease for a term of years:' — I think the term was orgiiially ten years. March 2. t.s57. Sir fieorgc Simpson, called :i and further examined. 1732. ('Itairman. — 1 think you made an arrangement with tin.' liiis^:ian (^)nlpally by which you hold mider lease a portion of their territery '. — Yes. 1733. I believe that arrangement is that ynii huld that strip of country which intervenes )>etween your territory and the sea, and that y(.ii give tliem 1,")00/. a year for it '. — Yes. 1734. ^^'llat Were your objects in making tli:tt arrangement '. — To prevent difficulties existing hetivoen the ixussians and ourselves — as a ]iau'e offering'. 173.'). What was *\\q nature of those difliculties '. — We were desirous of passing thr(.>ugh their territory, which is inland from the coast about 30 miles. There is a margin of 30 miles if coast belonging to the Russians. We had the right of navigating the rivers tailing into the ocean and of settling the interior comilry. l>ifliculties arose between us in regard to the trade of the country, and to remove all tliose difliculties mc iigreed to give them an annual allowance. I think, in Iht! first instance, 2,000 otter skins, and afterwards of ],,")00/. a year. 1735. During the lat" war which existed between Russia ami Knglaml, I believe that soino arrangement was made between you and the Russians by which you agreed not to molest one another? — Yes; such an arrangement was made. 17J>il. By the two Comjianies? — Ye.s ; and (Tovernmeiit confirmed the arrangement. 1740. You agreed that on neither side sho\ili| there be any molestation or interference with. the trade of the different i)arti(s ? — Yes. 1741. And I be'.ieve that that was strictly observed during the whole war ? — Yes, 1742. Mr. Bell. Which Government confii'med the arrangement, the Russian or the Fiiiglish, or both ? — Both Governments. Powers of the Hudson's Bay Company. (Appendix to Report, p. 408.) Copy of- Letter from the Governor of the llmhonn Bay Compaiiy to Lord Stanley. i\Iy Lord, IlwhotCs Bay House, London, .Txine 8, 1842, I have the honour to aeknoAvledgo receipt of Mr. G. W. Hope's letter of the 4th instant, inclosing, by direction of yoiu" Lordship, copy of an address of the House of Connnons for .•ertnin papers relating to the Hudson's Bay Company, and requesting that you may be furnished, for presentation to the House, with a copy of the existing Charter or grant by the (."rown to the Company, together with a list of the dates of all former Charters oi' grants to them. 103 111 complianoo with youv L(irilHlii|i'H rtijucsl. T li rowilli liaiid a iirintcil cfipy of tin- first and only CliarttT for iiicdiiKinitiii);' tlic IIiuImu's liiiy ('diiiiiaiiy, panted \>y His MajcBty Kinp; CliailoH the Si'oond, in tlio year liiVO. tipjjjrtlnr witli cnjiy cil' the liccnci' j^'ivi'n tn thf Coiiipaiiy hy Hit JIajfBty on tiio HOtli May. lH;iS (undoi' tiif jn'iivisiiins of tin' Ait 1 i<: "i (leu, 1\', caj). (!(5) of tin* exclusive Iradi' witli tin' Indians in such jiails cf North Ann ric.i :,s aii' nut part of tin; landH or tonitorii's f;rantiMl to the Company hy tlnir ( 'hartir, and not lornn'nj;' any of lluv ^lajisty's jirovinc'cs in Xialli Anu'viia oi' nf miy lamU or territorii's lielonj^in;^ to the United Stati'H of Anuiica or other fi'reip;n I'ower. 'I"h(! f^rant of cxchisive tni'lc was first made on tin; (ith I>euembur, \X1\, to -'the (iovrnor aTid (.'ompany ot Advcntiners of Kiigland trading;- to Ilndsun's Hay,"' in cunjnni'tion with " W'illiaiii .M'< liilivi-iy, ot'Muntnal. in tlie I'rovim'c of I.owir ( "anada, l]s([uiri', Simon .M'Ciillivray, of Snlfollc Lane, in llie Cit_\ of London, mon-liant, and Kdward Kilii'c, of Sprin;;' (Jardtns, in the <,'ounty of Middlesex, Esipiin'." 'j'hese ^'endi'nien snhse(pniitly sniT'iideri'l tin ir infrrcst to (he Ilmlson's Ihiy ( 'omiiaiiy, to whom Her iShijesty was pleased to make the grant of 1H;(H. I have, i<:i'. (Signed) J. II. I'Kl.LY, ^lotynwr. E.rtnu't fruiii tlie lioiial Cfmrfi'r j'lr fiu-orporatimi llw ffiid'un'i ISnii CfiiijKinn. (Appendix to Report, p. 411.) And f'urthoi', our will and pleasure' is. and tiy these presents, for us, our heirs and suecessors, Ave (hi fi'raut unto the said Governor and Company, and to their suecessors. that it shall and may he lawful to and for tlie said (Jovevnor and ('omjiaiiy. and their suecessors, from tinn' to tmie, tu ;issemlile themselves, for or about any the matt< is. eai'.ses, ali'airs, or laisinesses of ^n\i\ tr.ade, in any place or places for the same convenient, within our dominions or elsewhere, and there to hold coiu't for tin; said Company and the affairs tie reof: and that, also, it .•«hall and may In: lawful t(» and for them, and the j^-reater jiait of them, iH-ini;- so a.--send)led, ai^l th.it shall then and there ho present, in any such place or place-:, wlnTeof the (iovenior or his deputy for the time hein;;' to ho one, to midve. tadain, and constitute such and ^o many nasonahle laws, const itution.s lavlers, ami ordinances as to them, or the greater jiavt of them, h(any' tinii and there present, shall seem necessary and eonvenieiit for the ^ood niivernment of thi' said (^iiupany, atid of all (lovcrnore of Colonies, forts, and jiiantatioiis, factors, masters, mariner,^, and otlier ollieers employed or to h-j employed in any of the territories and lands aforesaid, ami in any of their voyages; and for tho better advanciinent and continuance of the said Irade or tratlic and pl.iiitations, and the naiiio laws, i.'onstitutiuns, oi'ders, and ordinam'es so made, to [Mit in, use, and execute accordinely. and lit their pleasure to revo]ce and alter the same or any of them, as the o<'c,isi(in shall nqiiire ; .\ml that the .same (loveriior and Company, so often .as tliey shiiil m.dce, orihiiii, or establish any sueii laws, constitutions, orders, and onlinanecs. in such form as al'oresaid. shall and may lawfully impone. ordain, limit, and proviile sin'li pains, jienalties. and pimishuK'nts upon all oU'ender.s, (■ontrary to such laws, constitutions, orikas, and ordinaneis, or any of them, as to the said Governor and Company for the time being, or the gre.iter jiart of them, then ami there bein;; present, the said (ioverm)r or his deputy b(;ing ;dw,iys one. shall seem necessary. riMpiisite, or convenient for the observation of the .same laws, eoiistitntions, ordevs. and ordinances : and thn same fines ami amerci.iments shall and may, by tl'.eir (IKcers ami servants from time to time to ho ap])oiutcd for that pur]iost'. levy, take, and liave, to the usi' fjf the said (Jovernor ami Company, and their successors, witlmiit the impediment ol us. dur heirs or nucc( ssors. or of any the ottieerH , p. !.')(!, iJ^Tii)). Portland Inlet, through the centre of whieli riuiH tlic bunndary lietweeu the Ih-itisli aiul lately-ii('(iiiire(l territory ot llie United States, hnH been .surveyed and found to extend 11 uiileM fartiier north than sjiuwii on tiie old eiiartN. Several now anchorages have also licun found and surveyed on the main route between N'aneouver Island and Fort Simpson, the northern boundary. (From Vol. XI. No. m\, p. JT.) Krtrart j'rom Lfller of Mi: Jiinfice (riiiy, (f Vivtoria, lintinh Coliitiihla, duleil \6lh Octolici; lH7(i, addrenKfd to the lloti. Ale.vaudev Mackf)i;ic, I have the honour to inclose the substance of some oijservations resulting from the late Cassiar Assizes held by me, whie-h, as affecting the interests of the Dominion, on my return I addressed to Mr. Itieliards, tho Lieutenant-Ciovornor of this province, for information of th(? (lovermnent at Ottawa; but whieli, after consideration, he thought it advisable I .should send direct to yourself. They arisi' entirely out of tin; question of international right in tho Alaska territory. Tin,' iirst as to the neciessity of some arrangenmit by which criminals may be transported from Cassiar through that territory to tiie jienitentiary or other [daces of imprisomnent at Vietoritt, "Westminster, or elsewhere. Hxeept by the Stikeen, 1") miles of wliieh, near the mouth, M'ill undoubtedly be in American territory, even after the settlement of tho boundary-line, but '•>{) miles of which is now treated a.s within the Colonial line, there is at jiresent no mode of connnnnication other than througli (iO miles of unbroken forest, rendering the transportation of a erinn'nal almost an impossibility. A qiiestion has already arisen from an attempt at escape, and a nnirderous assault made on the constable having been in charge, by a juisoner sentenced at the late assi/e, wliile in. Ininsiln within the .^0 mih.'S near the mouth, upon the gi-ound of its being Ameiiean territory and he being an American citizen. Many desperate American charaetirs eolluet at the nn'nes. They arc thoroughly aware that they cannot hv sent to a plai'c of }>unishment e.\ee])t by jiansing through this territory, and tlie adniini.'ifration of justice will jmictically cease in tiiat gold-producing district unless the right of transit is maintaineil or secured. The original right of free navigation nnder the I^u.^'sian Ciinveiition, 18:^"), may perhaps be considered as restricted by the terms used in the Alal)ama Treaty, limiting the navigation to tlii' j)Hrpose8 of commerce only. I express no ojiinion en tin's poJTit, as it will come up on the prisonir's trial in Novend); r next f(n' the as.sault before mentioned. (From Vol. XI, No. 12.>, pp. l.Jl-15i>.) Case of I'l'lcr Martin. H\v, I'irtorid, n.t'., Jiini: ,1877. I have the honour to acknowledgt; receipt of your instructions (No. ()UI)4) dated the ;5rd .March last, directnig me to mark on the maj) of the Stikeen Kivt'r, to he returned with my report, tiie place where the assiult was connnitted in Septend)er last by Peter Martin on the policeman Frank Meegan, and si tting forth generally the circumstances f>f tho case. The point marked (15) on the tracing herewi'i) submitted was pointed (Hit to mo by Frank Beegan, at>ove-named. who formed one of my party on the survey of the Stikeen IMver, as bein.i;- very near the i)iace whi're the assault referred to was committed. The precise spot where the a.ssinilt took ))lace could not be identified, as some of the tretn in the locality had becMi cut down subsequent to Septend)er last, and as the ground at the time of the survey was covered with sm)w; the spot (H) pointed out by lleegan, if not correct, is believed to be within 100 yards of the actual spot where the a.ssault was connnitted. [487J 2 E 100 ThiH point (D) k lit iiiilcH from tlu> iiioiith < f the Stikteii, and 8} niilcn witliiii tin- llnituil fttiitis' tci-ritdiy i)t' AluHkii. iis iU'fiii(.(l ]'y tlif' humidiiiy-lini' an hIiowii on the traciii);^ abova rctened to, '. • 1 hivvi', Ac. ' ' (Sigi.od) .lUS. lirXTKH. .). S. Dennis, Kh(|., , . .Survevoi'-'ieneral, Ottawa, Canada. '/'/((' /:''ii/ of ('.irnatruii la t/n: il.irl of Diif/erln. y\y l<(ilil, Doinihiii She,'!, Ainjn^t 1 Ci, iH77. Witli I'tferince to my doniiateh ul" tlie ilwt MaK'li and to pievidus eiin'('K|ii>nileni'i' cm Ihn Maine Huliject, I have now the hunnni' t" euumnmieate to ymi tlie views i.i' Her .Majestv"** Goveinment, adopted atter consiihatien witii the l^aw OJlii'erH of the Crown, in reference to Iho <'ase (if Peter Ahirtin, tor wliose release an iippiiealion iia« hei'ii made liV the tloverniiii nt of the I'nitcd States. Her Majesty 'h (Jovernment are advised that the ih'mand of the I'nited States lor the ivhaso cji(i)i)ni'itl, W'liMiiiiloii, Si'/ilfmlier )4, IHW, IN answer to your iiKpiiry [ liuvc the lionoiir to Htutc tliat Fort 'I'oii^iii-i, AliiHkn Terri- tory, Hitiinti! lii'twccii 54° 10' mid T);)'^ north lalitiiilc, wiik occtipii'd liy a (litacliiuciit ot ''nitcd Statos' troops from tlie 2i)tli April, IHOS, to tin; 7tli Octiplxr. 1H7(). So" tar .is the n'oords of tliis Dt'piirtiiiiiit disclose, no objuctioii to tiiis occiijiatioii was made liy any iJritish or ('iinadian autlio- ritv. Tho Secrotary oi Statf. Very rt'spoctfullv, (Sij-iud) (;. iV. MKIKI.KJOIIN, ActiiKj Sirretorii cf U'tir. SI 7/a' Stcrelari/ of the Treasiirji to the Sccnini')/ of State, Treasttni Departniciit. Of/icf of thi; fSi'vvetKrii, ]\'iii>(!'.', and was maintained until ISHS; at 'Mary Island, in Aiifi;uKt 1H',)2, and still continued; at \\ lanfivl. in ISTO, a eustoiuM station, now hciiift' maintained at the internatiomd KotrndaiT-line on the Stikecn Kiver. ahout 10 leaj;iu.'s front its morith, at .luiieau, March, ISX.'i ; at Chilcot, August IH'JO; one at Dyca. wi*h a customs station at the international boundary. In addition, I have to report that tho steamers of the lievtnne Service have made annual visits to till; const in question since 1K(!7, under the instrnctims of this I »eparlmen1. enterine- all tho inlets and arms of tho sea to the head of navi.n'ation. for the purposes of protecting the United States" laws, and presi-rviii"' pence and order among the the revenui uutives. entoreuii Tho Secretary of State. HespcctfuUy yomv. (Signed) li. .1. e O(hication of children in Alaska since 1.S84. Then^ ari' also transmitted herewith for yom- information copie.s of the reports of the special agi'ut of this Department charged with the tid;ing of the census of .Vlaska in IM.SO and IS'.IO, with accompanying maps of that territory and a .Memorandum .showing the executive documents ])id)Iished by this ( Jovernment bmching the district of Alaska ai'd the boundaries between the United States and Gri'at Britain from \^-2i>, to l.S7(), inclusive. In this conm^ction attention is directed to Senate Ex. Doc. No. 17i>, Forty-si.Kth Congress, Second Session (Senate Ex. Docs., vol. iv, lH7il-H0), which contains a detailed report from the Socndary of the Treasury to tho Senate conet'rning matters comiected with Alaska territory and tin; transfer of jurisdiction over the territory ii-oni tiic War L»epartment to the Tr.^asury Department. 1-1871 ■ 2 F 10« rri'nrK that im Ainiv jxiNt wdh cstabliHliod nt Sitka, AlaHkil, ns curly iiH I'^iiT. ami KKiiii atti'i wai'ilr. I'l'iir otlit r inihtiiiy | ohtN wiit' cNtalilinhcd, vi/., Koiliak, 'I'lUigUM, Kfimy, ami Wrungul. N'ery icMpertt'iilly, (Sipicfl) ('. N" lll.l.SS, .Sirn7<(c//. Till' Si iTitnrv tit' State. I)f j.iii Inn III I'f tlir lull rlnr. liiirinii o/' J'jiiiratioii, Sir. U'ii.i/ii'ii.itnii, If.r., S,i,lniihir'\:>, 1«!W. Itrt'crriii^' III Mill' \'i I'lial iiihtiiictiniiH ut' tix' l.llli ini-tant, I Iuim' tiic htinmii' to ihtkoiiI; liort'with Ml liricf tniiii tiio uartiiMilniH rchitivc to the cMtahiiKhiiii'iit of moIiiioIh Iiv thin Jiiirciiu inidt r tlic (lircctinii of tlic lldiiminiliir the Scnctaiy of lln' liiti rior, the Kanic liciiij^' Htationcd along the Hoiitli coaMt ol' Alaska. Ill IHH I ( 'oiigicHH. ill till' orgiiiiii' Act iToaliiig the iliHliid cil' Aliiska, ciiai'tcil tiial liic Scii'itary ol' tlic Interior hIkmiIiI make nci ill'iii niiil !oIei|iiiite ]iroviHioHH lor lliu eiliieatioii ol' the ihildrcii of lliiit KcL'tiiiii wilhoiil ciiHtiiietioii ol' liiee. Ill iieeonlaiiee with wliieli Act, vii the 2iid March, lfiS,"i, the Sccrctaiy ol the Interior asHigmd tliiH work to the United StafcH' liiiroiiii of I'ldiicatioii, Mild ill'. Sheldon .liickHoii \\;\h a|i]ioiiited (ieiieriil Agent lit' the lliircau to the work. I'lillic HL'lmols were at once I'MtaliliKlinl at Sitka, .liineaii, Fort Wraiigi I, JaekHmi, and llaiiUK, in Soiith- Kast AhiHka, and in I'lialttHka in the Aleutian IhIiiikIh. The Hchool at Haines is on I'ortagu May. at tliu head of l.ynii Canal ; aii|iriixiiiiate latitudo ■'(7° 15' north, longitude l.'l.'i" iS' wc-st. The |)ulilic hcIiooI wuh opened in ISM,"), and liaseontinncd in operation to the jircHtnt time. Ill the fall of IKHi; a puMic sihool w is esfahlishcil at l.nriiig, Nalia Day, Uvliiii Canal, with latitude a]i]ii'o.\iniatcly ."i.'i 10' north, iiiid longitude I'MP •I,')' wewt, with Saniiiei A. Saxmaii, of I'l niiHylvania. aHleaciier. In Ndveiiilier ISMi; I'riifissur Saxnian was removed to ToiigiiH. Ill IH.S.'i a Hcliool was o|Miie 1 at l'"ort 'J'oiigas. on TlekhoiiNitl llarlioiir. in alioilt latitude Ti-l' •!.') north, and longitude lllu^ I,")' west. 'J'iie scliool was opened in tlic I'liited States' Military I'larraeks, which had lieeii erected in lH(i7. with l.oiiis I'aiii, teaeiier. In Noveinlnr. IHMll, rrofessor A. Saxnian was t.laccd in cliiirge. Diiriiijv the winter Mr. Saxnian and Mr. I'aiil were drowned at sea, and the hcIiooI was discoiitiinied in the siiriiig of 1S8V. In .Inly, 1H,S8, u public school was opened at Jlotlakahtla, Aniictt.' Islami, in latitude ."i.j It)' north, and longitude l."il° iJ.")' v.est, set apart for the purpose by Act ol Congress ajiproved t\w ;Wd March, iK'.ll (an Act to repiial tinibei'-culture laws. iX-c., see. 1,")). The school was taught by ^Ir, ^\ illiani Uuiican, assisted by one or two native teachers. That Kihool has been in operation to the present tin. i', some years under the charge of the liurean of I'lducation, and other years sustained by the Coluliy itself. In IS'.l,") a jinblic scliocil was opencl at Saxnian, on Tongas Narrows, approximato latilude .'i.".° 2f}' north, and longitude ]:ir .^0' west, with two teacheVH. 'i lie school is still in operation. All of which is respectfully submitted. (Signed) W. T. lIAb'HIS, I'oiiimlxKhuci: The Secretary ot the Interior. J)i-jiiirliiii'iil of llw hiUfioi; IliinHui of Ediioitioii, Alii'.('., Sjileiii/wr l"), 1S!1K. In re.sponse to your inquiry of the liUIi instant with regard to my connection and the work of Missions in South-East Alaska, I have the honour to state that I went to Alaska as Superin- tendent of Presbyterian Jlissions in IHll. I have spent, between that date and tiie present, three winters and nearly every Kumincr ; have visited repeatedly parts of the territory south ot" Jlouiit St. I'llias, as well as largo portions to the north and to the west. In the sjiring of 1H8."> 1 was appointi'd (ceneral Agent of the Department of the Interior of the United States' (iovernment for the purpose of establishing schools. In establishing Presbyterian Missions in Soiith-Kast Alaska, it was always nnderstood that it was a part of the Uniti'il States, as tlu' Home Dopartniont with which 1 Avas connected had no authority for the establishment of Missions outside of the jurisdiction of the Unitoil States. In 1S81 1 established a Presbyterian Mission Station on Portage Bay, nt the licad of Lynn <^nnal, which was named Haines. The Reverend Eugjne Willard and family were placed in chai'ge, and their work has grown at that point into a nourishing chin-ch of native member.'^. The missionary nov,- in charge is the Reverend W. AV, ^^'arne. In 1885 1 sent Mr. anil Jlrs. Lewis Paul as missionaries of the American Presbyterian Church to Fort Tongas, on Tlekhonsiti Harbour, at the extreme soutli-easteni point of Alaska, wliei'O they remained for several years. In 1895 this Jlission was transfeiTed to Saxnian, on Tongas Narrows, where Mr. .lames W. Young and the Reverend Edward Marsden are in charge. In 1887 Mr. William Duncan, at the head of a prosperous Mis.sion at Metlfikahtla, in Ihitish Columbia, moved his colony nortJi to Annette Island, in order to get within ' the jrtrisdictioii of the United States. In 1897 the Jlission Society of the Protestant Episcopal Chuix-Ii of the United States established a Mission at Ketchikan, on Tongas Narrows, .South-East Alaska. 100 III IHHl tliri I'liitid Stiit(iim\v()k, iiikI oIIii'I' Icmliii^' CliiitM dl'tlic ( liiliiit liiljc, niid ('N|ilaiiic(l to llii'in tlii' cplijcil nf the iniHHioiiui'ii'H liratiii^ iiiiiDiig tlu'iii iiiul c'liaifring' tliciii Ui ni'c that tli<'y wire imt, molcHtiil, anil annimlly tlicrcni'ti'i' the I'cii'iiidny was ii'iifatiMl ii]( t(i fhi; year iHHl't, ami iiitir. lictacliincntM nl' tlie IJnitiil SfatrN' miiiiv IhuI lunl cainiiN at KavaH Htati.med at Sitkii. eriiiKiiif;- aH eireiiniHlanceH re(|iiired, tit iiruferve order among the iiativeM IVdiii Fort ToiignH in all • he inlets, 1(1 the head of 1-ynii Canal. I Imve. iSie. (Signed) SIIKI.DOX J.VCKSUN, I inn rill Ai/i'itf. JIoii. \V. 1! Kay. Se.ietary nf Stale, Washington, l>.<'. lirjiiirl Ok lilt' I'mlliiini < 'nmil, (I'" rum Senate Doe. Nu. lit, Fifty-f'uurth Congress, Second Session.) (Kxtiiict lioiii lUport of Captain I >. I). (Jiiilhiid, Ciii|im of I'.iif^iiM iis; I'liited Stiitow' Army, to llio Kecretaiy ot AVar. Noveiiilier 11, IS'.Hi. y. 1.) In tlintpait of Soiith-East .Maskii adjacent to Portland Canal, /.''..the area incinded lietweeii nixoii's Kntiai ( 'larenee Strait, the Wist. Liiuieh of ISehni Canal. I'mII ,\rni, the ."illth jiarallel of north latitude, a Kiiiall [lart of I'xar Uivc r. and Portland Canal, the I'liiled States has istalili.shed three poHt-olliees — one at each of the followiM^' points : I 'lilted Slates' eiistoni lioiise, .Mary Island ; l\et(.'li-i-Kau, Tongas Narrows; and Loriiig, Nalia Pay, Itelun Canal, .\iiotlier is soon to Im c'stalilished at .Metlakahtla, Annilte Islaiiil. 'I'lio Unileil Stales' eusloiu-hcuise, which w.is estahlishcd at Tongas. Tongas Island, in 18(>(», wasaliolished toward the close of the year IHSM.and hy .\cl of Congress, approved .'1th .March. I Hit I, Mary Island wa.s constituted a siiKpoit of delixery. On 2',)th .Viuil, 1!S(1S, a military post, Fort Toiigas, was established at Tongas and garrisoned \>y ahoiit three couiinissioned ollicers and lifty enlisted men of P.ittery H, Second Ueginieiit oi' .\rtillery, until 7th Octoher, 1S70, when lliu post was ahandoned. The largest Settleiiienl in the regicui under discussion is at. New Metlakahtla (Port ClnstLr), wlurc there is a store, a cannery, a sawmill, and alioiit s.'in Christian Indians, who, in 1.S,S7, to obtain greater religiuus liberty, abandoned their village in Ibitish ("olimdiia and followed their devoted missionary, MriAVilliaui l>uncan, to their pns.-nt aboile, iipou arrival at which it is said that they hoisted the Ciiited States' ilag and formally transi'erreil tlnir allegiance from Canada to the riiitcd States. J'y Act of Congress, approved .'ird .March, IS'.H, the body of lands known an Annette Islands was set apart as a reservation " for the ns(> of the Mt'tlakahtia IndiauH and tliosu persons known as Motlakahtlans who have recently emigrated from ISritish {Jolumbia to .\laskii, and such other Alaskan iuitives as may join I hem," v\ie. ^\cl of < 'oiHjri sK of Morc/i '■>, IMM, ri-lutliiij to Aniiitlu Inland. (rnited States' Statute, vol. ill, p. IIUI.) Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Kepresentalives of the United States of Anieriea in (Jongress assembled : — «* • * » * • * See. 1"). That luitil otherwise provided by law the body of lands known as Annette IslanilH, tiituated in Alexander Avcliipelago m Soutli-IOastern Alaska, on the north side of Dixon's Entrunoe, be, and the same is hereby, set ajiart as a reservation for the use of the Metlakahtla Indians, and tiiose people known as Metlakahtlaiis who liavo recently emigrated from IJritish Cohinibia to Ala.ska, and such other Alaskan natives as may join tlieni, to be held and nsed by them iii common, under such rules and regulations, and subject to such restrictions, as may bo prescribed. i'rom time to time by the Secretary of the biterior. « * ♦'• » • » m Approved, the 3rd March, ]8!)1.