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V;i,>','V.': 
 
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 IX-ALD. E. A. MAGDONALi), 
 
 .'9, 
 
 OF TORONTO. ONT. 
 
 DELIVERED IN 
 
 J 
 
 FANUEIL HALU BOSTON, MASS.. 
 
 UKDEK THE AUSPICE^ 
 
 OF 
 
 tl^e ttottb Hntetican Itnioit ^leasue^ 
 
 On FRItiAY, SEPTEMBER s^, 1892. 
 
 
 ', ft A 
 
 
 fj^ ,4 J?|IBSS of the 9UI>GBT, If ADIEI^DE STREET EAST- 
 
 
 .%, W 
 
ADDRESS. 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and (jbntlkmkn — 
 
 1 am fully awaro of tlio nature and importance 
 of the place I occupy to-night. I fully appreuiatc 
 the character and intelligence of the audience now 
 before me, and the momentous subjeot I am dealing 
 with ; but I have a still greater apprcL'iiitiun of the 
 larger audience represented by the American press. 
 And while the sense of my responsibility is great, 
 I feel that I have one great advantage, that while 
 my audience may be intelligent and critical, that 
 very intelligence will make them sympathize with 
 truth, progresa and the development of the human 
 race, however lamely advocated. 
 
 I would have you remember that I do not in any 
 official sense claim to represent the people of 
 Canada. I only claim to represent a political party 
 who believe not only in republican institutions in 
 their purity and simplicity, but we also believe in 
 the politicdl union, or rather re union, of that 
 portion of the North American Continent lying 
 north of the Rio Grande. 
 
 I have the honor to be the first, an:l as yet the 
 only man in Canada who has offered himself openly 
 for the highest position within the gift of my fellow 
 countrymen. I refer to membership in our parlia- 
 ment with political union as the sole plank of my 
 platform, I am therefore the only person regularly 
 authorized to speak on this subject in a represent- 
 ative capacity. 
 
 The iCestrictionist press declare that there is no 
 annexationist sentiment in Canada, but they seem 
 to be giving a great deal of attention to something 
 that they claim has no existence. " The fool hath 
 said in his heart there is no God," but that state- 
 ment does not affect the fact. I learn that some of 
 your people have abolished Hades with less diiii- 
 culty than the government abolished slavery ; how- 
 ever that maybe, our newspapers have not abolished 
 the union sentiment of that portion of this conti- 
 nent known as Canada. There is a great deal of 
 discussion of the question, and to use a vulgarism, 
 " there must be some fire where so much smoke 
 exists." 
 
 Speaking of Hades, you doubtless have heard 
 of the rancher out west who said : " IngersoU says 
 there is no Hell ; I kind of think as he doe8,*but 
 I would give that yoke of steers to be right down 
 sure of it." It is the same with a great many 
 newspaper men, ottice holders, militia colonels, 
 place men and monopolists who declare that annex- 
 ation sentiment is a myth, but still they would 
 give a great deal to be real sure that a majurity of 
 the people of Canada were not in favor of Conti- 
 nental union. 
 
 I am frei^ucntly asked by people on either side 
 of the lino how the public pulse throbs on the other 
 8i(ie with regard to union. I have' known many 
 citizens of the United States and some newspapers 
 say : *' We don't want Canada ; " that may b-i 
 partially true, but it is very misleading when ex- 
 pressed in those words. I want the ladies of this 
 city to know that I am a single man and of fancy 
 free, and I want a wife very much, but while that 
 is the case I am in just the same position as Uncle 
 Sam, I don't want anybody badly enough to take 
 one who would not be gla<l to accept me. 
 
 With regard to Canadian destiny, tiie United 
 States have adopted the only policy that would be 
 
 becoming a powerful, dignified and self-governing 
 nation.. I fully real!/,u that the first steps towards 
 union, or the symptoms of a desire for it, must 
 come from Canada. The United States is debarred 
 from doing anything that would have the appear- 
 ance of coercion or undue interference with the 
 autonomy of her weaker neiuhbor, and there would 
 not be wanting plenty ready to give even a fair 
 honorable advance on the part of this republic, a 
 false and malicious interpretation. 
 
 Hesides, international etiquette would not permit 
 the United States to approach one of thii depend- 
 encies of a foreign power wiih such ai end in 
 view ; hence I say Canada is thp only party perfect- 
 ly free to approach this country on this question 
 without being misunderstood or humiliated. She 
 alone could do it without loss of prestige or dignity, 
 in fact some such act is expected of us by Great 
 Britain and other nations, for everyone knows that 
 we are in an embryonic or chrysalis state. 
 
 I will quote the words of several members of the 
 British Parliament of world wide reputation. The 
 great John Bright said at Kochdale as long as 
 December 4th, 1S61 : 
 
 I should say tliat if a man had a great heart within 
 him ho would ralhor look forward to the day when 
 from that pohit of land which is habitable nearest the 
 pole to the shores of the groat gulf the whole of that 
 vast continent might heroine one great confo:ierat.ion 
 of statcH— without a groat army and a great navy— not 
 mixing itHolf up with the ontunglenients of Kuropcan 
 politics— without a custom house inside through the 
 whole length and breadth of its territory -and with 
 freedom everywhere, law everywhere, peace every- 
 where— such a confederation would afford at least 
 801IIL- tiopo that man is not forsaken of Heaven, and 
 that the future of our race may be better than the past. 
 
 At Hirmingham on December 18th, of the fol- 
 lowing year he said : 
 
 I see one vast confederation stretching from the 
 frozen north in unbroken line to the glowing south, and 
 from the wild billows of the Atl'.ntic westward totlie 
 calmer waters of the Paciflo m in, and I see on one 
 people, and one language, and on. '-^w, and one faith, 
 and over all that wide continent the home of freedom, 
 and a refuge for the opprsssed of every race and every 
 clime. 
 
 Then Mr. Henry Jjabuchcre, M.P., the famous 
 editor of London Truth, said : 
 
 If 1 was a Canadian I am inclined to think I should 
 cut the connection with England, but being an Knglish- 
 man, I have no wish that Canada should do so. I 
 would ruthnr '.)c master in my own house, even if it 
 wcroa cottage, than live in a sort of a bac'ic garden to 
 a nobleman's mansion. Tlie stronger and more power- 
 ful Canada becomes, the morn American it will become, 
 and the more anxious yon would become to cast adrift 
 from a Kuropean connection. Whether it will be an 
 independent republic or whether it joins the United 
 States will depend very much on the consenses of pop- 
 ular opinion .it the moment of separation. Where I a 
 (Canadian I should be in favor of union with the StAtes. 
 It Bconis to me a very grand idea that one continent 
 should have onegovununvnt not the despotism of an 
 individual, but the deliberate will of a nation. 
 
 In view of the foregoing one would think that 
 Canadians could reasonably consider any scheme 
 for the promotion of their own welfare. The words 
 of these broad-souled, broad-minded men are a 
 standing rebuke to our narrow-minded, small-souled 
 colonial jingos. 
 
 Ex-Ald. Henry W. Darling, Ex-President of the 
 Canadian Bank of Commerce, in his address to 
 " The Uuion League Club," of Chicago, was speak- 
 
a 
 
 "r 
 
 ing ill favor of Free Trade, but hia atatemonU »iiil 
 araiiments apply with atill greater force in favor of 
 uiuon. On that ocoation he atated : 
 
 '* I have laid that nature aceina to point moat unmia- 
 tukably to the boneflui of an arranRement of th<a kind. 
 For exaiitple, we And in the Maritime Provinoea, 
 which nature has placed within anch easy reach of your 
 mannfacturinK 8tate of New York, an almoat unlimited 
 aupply of coal, peculiarly auited for their purposes. A 
 similar atate of thing* exists in Hrltlah Colimibla, where 
 almost at the water's edge the coal can be pliiced In 
 ocean-going ships, and convoypd to 8an Francisco and 
 other porta on your I'aciflc Coast. The very articles 
 which at these points, nature has practically deprived 
 you of. 
 
 Then looking at the Province of Ontario, which 
 nature has dovetailed almost into the heart of your 
 country, we are short of the heat and steam-producing 
 fuel, which your mines in Pennsylvania and Ohio sedin 
 to have been placed by a benoflcent Providence to sup- 
 ply ; but the politicians stepped in and, for a time, 
 filnced the barriers of cuatonnouBe duties upon ihofreo 
 nterchange of these nouessaries of our commercial 
 life : and said in etfect, ' the Jew shall have no doallngs 
 with the Samaritans,' and so with other products. Our 
 Ontario barley, which is as necessary to your malsters 
 as your Indian corn is to our distillers and farmers, the 
 politicians have aaid ' wo shall only exchange by the 
 payment of a duty upon either side ; ' and so from one 
 end of this imaginary line to the other, the natural ten- 
 dencies of the people on either side are thwarted ; and 
 their industry deprived of its legitimate reward by 
 these artiflcial barriers which the politicians have im- 
 posed." 
 
 According to the greatest minds in both countries 
 and Europe, union ia our manifest destiny, and if 
 it is desirable and inevitable, why not have it iiow 
 and let ua, na well as posterity, enjoy its fruits. 
 What would you think of a man and woman of 
 twenty-five years of age making up their minds to 
 marry and waiting until they were old Iwfore con- 
 auminating the union ? 
 
 Let there be honest, open avowal, free and kindly 
 discussion on l>oth sides of the lino and you will 
 see how soon we will remove all causes of fric- 
 tion and ill-will and dwell together in unity, peace, 
 righteousness and prosperity. 
 
 Perhapa you would like to know juat how the 
 Canadian people feel on the question. I can 
 only estimate and approximate ; I will tell you 
 what I do know and you can estimate for youraelvea. 
 
 Itut I will fii-at briefly refer to our alternativea 
 that have of late engaged a large amount of public 
 attention in Canada ; and I could not put the 
 matter more tersely and directly than by quoting 
 the words of the Hon. J. VV. Longley, Attorney- 
 General for Nova Scotia : 
 
 " Speaking in general terms, it may be said that 
 Canadians have the choice of at least four alter- 
 natives :— 
 
 First — Remaining as we are, a colonial possession 
 of the Empire. 
 
 Second. — A direct political alliance with the 
 Empire, involving representation in the national 
 councils and a share in the responsibilities and 
 achievements of the whole nation. 
 
 Third. — Political union with the great English 
 nation lying beside us on this continent, with 
 whom we are intimately associated and connected 
 by geography, race, language, laws and civilization. 
 
 Fourth. — An independent nationality, with our 
 own flag and our own national responsibilities." 
 
 As to remaining as we are, a colonial dependency 
 of Great Britain ; that ia simply out of the ques- 
 tion, for the reasons given and to be given through- 
 out my address this evening, and innumerable other 
 reasons that need not be given, for the fact ia 
 generally, I might say universally, accepted. 
 
 The second alternative has been given the ahorter 
 name of " Imperial Federation," It ia the laat 
 deaperate fevered creation of a deceaaed Jingo 
 
 brain, and ita very name ia objectionable. W« 
 want nothing with the word " Imperial " in it, if 
 I miatake not the apirit of the new generation of 
 native Canadiana who have the aay in Canada. 
 
 That great thinker and inaater of Kugliah, 
 Goldwin Smith, has disposed of the Imperial 
 Federation craze with one brief argument. He 
 claims that no Federation is possible unleaa baaed 
 on the broad ground of individual political 
 equality. And ahould the present British Empire 
 federate on that basis '200,000,000 Hindoos would 
 outvote the rest of the Empire three to one, and 
 the capital of the Empire would naturally be Bom- 
 bay or Cnlcutta. I think that Professor Smith has 
 disposed of '* Imperial Federation." 
 
 The third course open to us ia my subject 
 tonight and I will for the present pass on to the 
 fourth, commonly called "Canadian Independence." 
 
 I will not trouble you with my viewa ao long as 
 I can compel my opponents to supply my argu- 
 ments, and I quote tne following from the pen of 
 the moving spirit among the Imperial Federation- 
 ists, a Mr. J. C. Hopkin, who, by the way, is a 
 native of North Dakota, U. S. He aaid : 
 
 " Independence is a daii<{erau8 dream. Inde- 
 pendence for Canada means dependence upon the 
 United States ; diplomatic weakness abroad ; 
 inability to protect our rights and privileges ; the 
 necessity of an enormous expenditure on defensive 
 armament ; increased debt anil a steadily growing 
 taxation as a consequence of added burdens ; loss 
 of possible trade preferences in the British market 
 or chance of a treaty with the United States short 
 of commercial annexation ; provincial difficulties 
 without any increased federal powers. It in- 
 volves a similar declaration of independence by 
 Australia ; the Iohs to England of her coaling 
 stations, harbors and fortresses and the command 
 of the sea ; the destruction of her prestige and 
 the pof.siblu loss of India ; in short the disruption 
 and destruction of the British Empire." 
 
 My opponent, though not regarded as a political 
 heavy-wei({ht, has proved conclusively that Caa- 
 ailian Independence is " a dangerous dream." 
 
 Goldwin Smith has proved that " Imperial 
 Federation " cannot even be discussed without 
 provoking laughter and pity ; and the commercial 
 and agricultural depression, together with the 
 depopulation of Canada, shows that colonialism 
 must cease or we will have to hand Canada over to 
 the public creditor and let her go back to a state 
 of nature, for we can no longer afford to maintain 
 Canada as a breeding ground to supply the United 
 States with her best citi2ens. 
 
 I have undertaken to tell you what I know of the 
 progress of union sentiment, so that you may be 
 able to form your own opinion. I could give you 
 the names of hundreds of public men who favor the 
 cause, but they do not wish to declare themselves 
 until they have a press and organized party to back 
 them, and they argue that to declare for union until 
 they have tliese auxiliaries, would only be depriv- 
 ing themselves of influence they now possess, with 
 no real advantage to the cause ; I differ with them 
 entirely, and muat and do reapect thoir opiniona. 
 I would be guilty of a breach of confidence were I 
 to make their names public, but we have some men 
 who hold the liberty of free thought and free 
 speech dearer even than their influence or position, 
 and the Chief J ustice of the Queen's Bench Diviaion 
 of the High Court of Juatice for Ontario ia one of 
 theae far-aeeing, fearleaa and upright men, and as 
 he makea no aecret of the fact, I feel that I am 
 guilty of no breach of confidence when I make it 
 known, particularly when he did not confide in me 
 the fact ia already common property. Of course 
 
tho poaition of Judge of a Supreme Conrt entirely 
 (lobars the Chief Juatioe from any active partiuipa- 
 tion in other than the Judicial and private affairs of 
 this life. But why cite this case when we have 
 hundreds and thousands of such mun ; nearly every 
 intelligent lawyer, I may say, every profound 
 thinker in the country is a unionist. 
 
 But more important than these, more iuipurtuiit 
 . than Chief Justice Armour's approval, is the fact 
 that we have the Chief Justice of the Universe on 
 our side. I verily believe that it is the design and 
 will of Omnipotence that the RnsUsh speaking 
 peoples of the world shall federate for the preser- 
 vation and advancement of the human race. Look 
 at the map and history of North America and tell 
 me what the Canadian Federation means. Tliere 
 we have welded together seven distinct colonies, 
 and now we only hnve two parties to bring tosether 
 and satisfy, instead of eight sets of men ancleiuht 
 sets of complications ; even now Newfoundland is 
 seriously diBcussinK the advisability of coming 
 into the union, and I and my friends are called 
 traitors and renegades for believins in thiv union 
 with all our hearts and souls, and acting accordingly. 
 But Lowell answers our narrow, bigoted perse- 
 cutors for us with these words : — 
 
 We owe alleKianco to tho State, but deeper, 
 
 truer, more. 
 To tho sympathies that God hath set within 
 
 oursplrit'score— 
 Our country claims our fealty ; wo grant It so, 
 
 but then 
 Before man made us citizens, Kroat nature 
 
 made us men. 
 
 Many of us believe in union, but we do not 
 admit it even to ourselves, and we certainly would 
 not call it annexation. There is often times more 
 prejudice against the label on au article tlian there 
 is against the thing itself. You could not induce 
 some persons to drink milk out of a certain shaped 
 bottle, and I must confess that I would examine 
 well and make diligent inquiry before 1 would 
 take even honuuopathic medicine out of a wine 
 gloss. 
 
 To illustrate this point, let me tell you of an 
 incident that actually took place in Toronto, 
 the cultured Boston of Canada. When Dalton 
 McCarthy introduced his now famous Uual Langu- 
 age measure in the House of Commons two years 
 ago, the country was thrown into a ferment, and 
 the burning question as to whether or not a dual 
 language system should be imposed upon the great 
 North- West Territories in perpetuity, was dis- 
 cussed in every home or place of meeting in the 
 country. One intelligent (?) elector, a great 
 defender of the altar and throne who did not seem 
 to have a complete grasp of the question at issue, 
 WM heard to say " I don't moind French, German, 
 
 English, or even Italian, but d d if we will 
 
 have dual language in this free country." That 
 sounds funny, but it is no more absurd than the 
 man who is willing to enter into a perpetual treaty 
 of peace and free trade, including a postal union 
 with the United States after having already 
 adopted your decimal currency system and two- 
 thirds of your domestic laws, butwhen it is called 
 " annexation" he will have none of it. 
 
 The Conservative party believed, or pretended to 
 believe, that the country would be made prosperous 
 by extravagance and high taxation. We believe 
 that we were going to rival this great republic and 
 have two great friendly English speaking nations 
 on this continent, but in 1891 when the census 
 returns were made public we made the discovery 
 that we had lost ground in one decade. We 
 expected a fifty per cent, increase in our popu- 
 lation, and had it not been for immigration we 
 
 would have had less people in the country than we 
 had ten yuars before. 
 
 The publication of the census returns caused 
 great discouragement and sorrow and it was the 
 signal for thousands tu leave the country, and in 
 consequence we have from 6,000 to 8,000 vacant 
 houHeo in Toronto. With the result that rents have 
 guue down, property has become almost entirely 
 unproductive, and our lands are just about as 
 available for buying the necessaries of life as 
 Turkish Bonds or Confederate Scrip. Much of our 
 wealth is wiped out and has now no existence 
 except in our imaginations, and the only comfort 
 we can take out of the situation is that we are 
 lauded proprietors in perpetuity, for no one will 
 take our land off our hands at any price. 
 
 I was one of the short-sighted ones ; but we have 
 men in Canada who foresaw the coming events, 
 and a friend laid the matter before ine ; I argued 
 the point with him, but he met every argument in 
 such a way that my eyes were opened, and in what- 
 ever quality I am lacking, I am not accused of 
 being deficient in courage, hence as soon as I got 
 light I was anxious to let others see. I was con- 
 trolling a weekly paper at that time and I 
 declared for union at once. I believe that mine 
 was the first journal to do so in express terms. 
 As soon as I declared myself I was privately hailed 
 with great joy by hundreds of friends who I did 
 not dream were so minded. I thought it advis- 
 able to call a public meeting to crystallize the 
 adherents of uniou into an organized party ; I then 
 found that men were willing to think and talk one 
 way and act another. I had but fifteen friends 
 out of about forty who were present. The meet- 
 ing broke up in great disorder. 
 
 A short time after this event I was in conver- 
 sation with several friends in the western part of 
 the Province. I claimed that open voting at 
 public meetings on this question would be greatly 
 to our disadvantage. One man said : " Why not 
 print and distribute a ballot and let the people 
 say wliat they want ; when they vote against 
 union now they only say what they don't want." 
 Last March I was invited to attend a meeting in a 
 small inland town called " Paris." I took charge 
 of all the arrangements, invited three other 
 speakers, and had ballots printed with five 
 questions on them. There was a small disturbing 
 element but we managed to submit the ballot, 
 with this result : 
 
 Remain as we are 69 
 
 Independent monarchy 2 
 
 Independent republic 6 
 
 Imperial federation 1 
 
 Political union with the United States. .109 
 
 Thus union had a majority of 31 over all other 
 shades of opinion. 
 
 It is well known that the people along the border 
 (smugglers excepted), feel the inconvenience of the 
 internatioiml line more directly than any others, 
 and they and the farmers are nearly all unionists; 
 their influence is discounted because it is said their 
 principles are based on personal interest, as if the 
 whole world were not actuated by similar motives ; 
 however we are more anxious about the inland 
 towns, for if restriction Uts have any stronghold it 
 is there. 
 
 We held several meetings, but Sir Oliver 
 Mowat's henchmen would not allow a vote to be 
 taken. Twenty or thirty men may not be able to 
 run a meeting their own way, but we have all 
 known meetings where one man prevented the 
 transaction of Dusinesa. I take the results of the 
 
 ?■( 
 
Paris niittitiiiK ai a fuir average expremiuii of 
 Caiiailian piibliu opinion, ami until our opponents 
 meet ua fairly and hold ineotinsa and get other 
 honest expressions of opinion it is but fair to assume 
 that they are afraid of the results. The. Paris vote 
 shows that over seven-thirteenths of the people are 
 straight unionists, against a divided residue. 
 
 The Hon. Mr. Longley, Attorney-General of 
 Nova Scotia, has practically declared for union, 
 and I believe that Ontario is tlie only province 
 that even has the appearance of being opposed 
 to it, but Ontario is the Empire Province and 
 the keystone of Confederation. 
 
 The greatest and most patent influence against 
 union in Ontario, is the Prime Minister of that 
 Province. He is the real head of the Government. 
 He is called the chief adviser of the Vice-Viceroy, 
 or Lieutenant-Governor, a mere appointed official 
 figure-head. Sir Oliver, before lie had the handle 
 to his name, as the Hon. Oliver Mowat, tirst 
 Minister and Attorney-General of Ontario, visited 
 the State of New York. He happened to be in 
 Albany when the Legislature was in session, and 
 some member of the Senate moved that he be in- 
 vited to take a seat on the floor of the Chamber of 
 that august body ; whereupon some over zealous 
 friend of Ireland rose and opposed the motion, 
 declaring in tragic and grandiloquent vote-catching 
 terms, that that sacred privilege would not be 
 accorded Victoria herself even though she stood 
 at the door a humble suppliant. Victoria has not 
 made the application as yet, at least I have not 
 been advised of the fact if she has. The result of 
 that little incident was to make Oliver Mowat a 
 most bitter and hostile monarchist. He was 
 formerly a great admirer of the United States, as 
 shown by a tendency on his part to introduce and 
 enact American laws, and when he was Judge lie 
 used to cite and follow American decisions ; and to 
 make the matter worse and more embarrassing, 
 Oliver was not a member of the Tory party like me, 
 he is the Provincial leader or boss of the Liberal 
 
 Carty, and that party have always been charged 
 y me and my fellow loyalists with being hated 
 annexationists and rebels. 
 
 This only goes to prove that more flies can be 
 caught with molasses than with vinegar. Whoever 
 that man is, he nia<)e Oliver a loyalist, or rather a 
 restriction ist, and Oliver has been rewarded by a 
 Knighthood, a questionable honor that does not 
 emanate from the people and which is repugnant 
 to true Liberals, as they seldom or never accept 
 such pot metal decorations, notwithstanding that 
 they are frequently tendered ; the acceptance of 
 such titles is now regarded as au infallible symp- 
 tom of senility. 
 
 Great. Qod on what a slender thread 
 Hangs everlasting things. 
 
 Sir Oliver Mowat, an alleged Liberal leader, now 
 out-tories the Tories, and this great change has 
 been brought about by one of Ireland's misguided 
 friends. ' 
 
 Sir Oliver has shown his hostility to political 
 union in every way possible, but like all narrow 
 extremists he has overreached himself ; for in- 
 stance when I was the unionist candidate for the 
 Legislature in Toronto, I was told by hundreds of 
 electors and all the newspapers that annexation or 
 political union was not a Provincial, but a Domin- 
 ion issue, and therefore thousands of unionists who 
 belong to the old parties refused to break from 
 old ties and party allegiance, simply on the objec- 
 tions taken as to its proper sphere or jurisdiction ; 
 in vain I pleaded that union was and is the most 
 important question either in Dominion, Provincial 
 or Municipal elections, and that we ought to force 
 
 a discussion and division at every opportuidty, but 
 the general verdict was against my view on that 
 question, but time speedily vindicated nie. 
 
 We have in the county of Duiferiii, Ontario, a 
 gentleman, learned in the law, a (jueeu's Counsel 
 and Kx-County Crown Attorney — who filled the 
 office of what you would call the Public Prosecutor ; 
 his name is Elgin Meyers. Sir Oliver is the Attor- 
 ney-General for the Province ; lie controls the ad- 
 ministration of justice, and Mr. Meyers was an 
 appointee holding office during the pleasure of Sir 
 Oliver. Mr. Meyers performed his public duties to 
 the satisfaction of his superiors and tiie general 
 public, but this officer of the Crown, while off duty 
 ac<|uired the pernicious and detestable habit of 
 thinking, and to aggravate this offence, he thought 
 aloud in the hearing of many people, and he grew 
 bolder and wrote his thoughts in relation to politi- 
 cal union and they reached the press over the 
 signature of the intrepid Queen's Counsel ; and he 
 even had the audacity to comment on some of Sir 
 Oliver's utterances, whereupon Sir Oliver wrote re- 
 
 Srimanding the offending official and asking him to 
 esist ; he would not desist, then Sir Oliver wrote 
 demanding his resignation ; he would not resign 
 and gave as a reason for not doing so that resigna- 
 tion would be tantamount to an admission of wrong- 
 doing, and that he (Meyers) would be no party to 
 his own condemnation ; whereupon Mr Meyers was 
 deprived of his office. 
 
 Sir Oliver Mowat has by the dismissal of Mr. 
 Meyers made annexation, and not only annexation, 
 but free speech and individual liberty, an issue in 
 Provincial politics. What would we do if there 
 were no fools in authority among our opponents ? 
 Now we can consistently force a discussion and div- 
 ision at every election in the land. 
 
 You have no conception of what this means te 
 our cause. Not only do Municipal and Provincial 
 elections come more frequently than Dominion 
 elections, but they are much cheaper, and in order 
 to make you fully undet stand this, I will have to 
 expound one or two features of our Dominion elec- 
 tion law. This country claims to be ahead of Can- 
 ada in every respect, but you are fully fifty years 
 behind us in political jugglery and rascality, and I 
 am sure that some of your politicians would gladly 
 steal a leaf out of our Statute book. If three men 
 wanted to form a party or force a discussion upon 
 any public question in former times, all that was 
 necessary was that Smith and Brown would go to 
 the hustings and nominate .Tones, and whosoever 
 thought proper could vote for Jones, and thus 
 public opinion was educated and moulded. We 
 had Prohibition parties, Peoples' parties, Paper- 
 money parties. Socialist parties. Single Tax parties, 
 and every conceivable kind of party. We had free 
 speech and open discussion and thus the people 
 could indulge themselves to the full and talk to 
 crowded halls or empty benches as the popularity 
 of the occasion would warrant. The little plans of 
 the old parties were often interfered with, much to 
 their disgust, by the election of new and independ- 
 ent men with radical ideas and the courage to ex- 
 press them without the concurrence of the boss. 
 The old party leaders got tired of this and they put 
 their heads together and concluded to sit on the 
 safety valve. They forgot that confined ideas, 
 principles, wrongs and grievances, like confined 
 steam and other powerful explosives, will find a 
 vent and the miscnief of the explosion that will 
 ensue will just proportion the repression. 
 
 The Grits and Tories passed an Act requiring the 
 signatures of at least twenty-five electors with end- 
 less technical forms before a nomination was legal ; 
 these forma cannot be properly filled without a 
 
lawyer or porson with Boine legal training, but for 
 fear th« poor people ahoultl haveauHluient influence 
 to Heoure the non)inating Hignaturea and autiicient 
 iutulligenue and knowledge to fill in the forma, it waa 
 enacted fur the more eltective auppreaaion of the 
 development of pultliu opinion that $200 ahould be 
 depoaifod with the returning officer to he forfeited to 
 the government if the cavKiidate ahould not poll at 
 least half the number of votes caat for the aucuesa- 
 ful candidate, no matter how great the grievance 
 or popular the cruse. The people who complained 
 that they had been robbed of tlieir means by 
 oppressive laws, could not uxpreaa their diacontent 
 or grievance unlesa prepared to run tlie risk of a 
 furtlier robbery and a deeper wrong ; for a failure 
 to receive a certain number of votea is an offence 
 aizainat our law punishable by a fine of $200. 
 
 This wicked, justice-throttling law does not apply 
 to Provincial and Municipal elections, hence our 
 joy when Sir Oliver made annexation an issue so 
 far as Ontario is concerned at every Provincial 
 election. 
 
 We lield several meetings throughout the country. 
 I held the first ever held in Toronto, as previously 
 stated. You have no conception what it means to 
 hold forth the doctrine of union in that modern 
 Mecca of monarchism and ba&swood loyalty. 
 
 [iike yourselves we have a government of the 
 ofHce-holder for the ofTioe-holder and by the odice- 
 holder. 
 
 The ofTice-holder flourishes in Toronto like a 
 green bay tree, planted near the great river of 
 public revenue at the base of Mount Sinecure. Hut 
 while we have innumerable sinecures, we have 
 multitudes of cynics, who are not cured. Mon- 
 archy is the parent of cynics. There are two kind.s 
 of monarchy, the absolute and the limited, and 
 there are two kinds of limited monarchy, the direct 
 and the indirect, we will call them the Imperial 
 and the (V>lonial. 
 
 Monarchy is vicious in principle and nuliversive 
 of the e(]iiality, dignity and liberty of man ; but if 
 you are ever called upon to choose between such 
 evils, I would counsel you to choose tlie direct, or 
 Imperial brand, as against the Colonial. 
 
 It is generally understood that we are the subjects 
 of the Queen fif (>reat Britain. There never wus a 
 more popular error. We occupy no such exalted 
 |)o8ition. We are the Bul>ject8 of the Queen's 
 subjects, and we are not proud of our statUH, 
 
 We have tlie same dilllculty in Canada that you 
 had here a hundred aixl twenty five years ago only 
 ill a lesser degree. We do not see, neither could 
 you, why a Itritain in Canada, or the then coloidcs, 
 should not be the ei|iial of a liriton in liritain. 
 We are not even on a par with poor Ireland, for 
 Irishmen in common with their opprebsors, have 
 an e((ual voice in the management of their own 
 affairs in proportion to their nuiiibers. Knglish- 
 men not only claim, but exercise the right to pub- 
 licly discuss the ubulition of the House of Lords, 
 the (lisestablishinent of the Church, and even the 
 abolition of the throne itself. Tliat is (juite legal 
 and constitutional in Kngland, if agitated in a 
 legal and constitutional way, l>ut many regard it 
 as high treason in Canada. I do not want you to 
 suppose for one moment that I complain of the 
 treatment meted out to us by Knglaiid- far from 
 it. The Canadian diffioolty is from within, for we 
 have a set of so-called loyalists (you wouhl call 
 them copperheads), that seek letters of tin-pot 
 knighthood and otiier Imperial favors, and the 
 loyalty and devotion, or rather the nauseating 
 imitation of it by a few of our politicians, make the 
 statesmen of the mother country sick. 
 
 I said tluit we have government by, for and of 
 
 the office holder. I wish to amend that atatement 
 for We have other intluencea at work. 
 
 Wo have government by office holdera. 
 
 (tove.-nmont by militia colonels. 
 
 Oovernment by contraotora. 
 
 (toverninent by ecclesiastica of every important 
 denomination. 
 
 And worat of all, we have government by the 
 Canadian Pacitlo Railway. And horror of horrora, 
 that gigantic corporation is presided over, controlled 
 and directed by a real live butch Yankee by the 
 name of Van Home, who still retains his citizenship 
 ill the United States. So we are iniliiectly the 
 subjects of an American citizen ; but we are not 
 governed by him in the interestaof Uncle Sam, but 
 in the interests of the greatest government fed rail- 
 way corporation in the world. Van Home can 
 govern 5,00<),000 people easily enough, but he doea 
 not see how lie could control 70,000,000, conse- 
 quently he is strongly opposed to political union, so 
 he shouts loyalty, waves the Union iJack of Old 
 Kngland, and declares that Britons never, never, 
 shall be slaves. 
 
 This Canadian Pacific Railway ia a great baatard 
 pro(luction~-a hybrid crosa between the octopua 
 and the vampire, and it haa the whole Dominion in 
 its deadly grasp. 
 
 I am preparing a somewhat comprehensive and 
 startling indictment against the C. P. R. which I 
 propose to make public in the near future, and also 
 one against that sacred (?), spotless (?), immacu- 
 late (?) and divine (?) institution known aa the 
 Canadian Judiciary, or at least some members of it ; 
 I would be sorry to include them all for we have 
 some of the grandest, broadest and noblest men 
 that over adorned the Bench of any country. For 
 the present however time will not permit me to 
 give you more than one exemplification of the enor- 
 mous power and influence of this leviathan mono- 
 poly called the C. I*. R., but it will serve as an 
 index of the whole. 
 
 We will suppose that I purchase a railway ticket 
 from here to .San Francisco, and before I reach 
 Butfilo I receive a telegram that my interests lie in 
 u totally dilTerent direction. Suppose, as is the 
 case with most of us, that the loss of my ticket ia 
 a matter of some moment to iiie, and as good fortune 
 or providence will have it, I ireet a friend at 
 Buffalo who wants to yo to San Francisco, and 
 naturally enough I offer him my ticket, and as half 
 a loaf is better than no bread, 1 sell my ticket at 
 half price. That transaction looks perfectly natural 
 and legitimate, but the Canadian Pacific Railway 
 have enacted by means of a subservient and out- 
 rageously corrupt parliament, each member of 
 which has a C. P. K. pass in his pocket, that the 
 transaction that I have described is a crime in that 
 portion of Her Britannic Majesty's Dominions 
 known as Canada. 
 
 Van Home now controls our liberties and we are 
 beginning to ask the question that troubled Saul 
 the first King of Israel " What more can he have 
 but the kingdom." 
 
 Among some of the narrow-minded and illiterate 
 of our people there is a genuine feeling of hostility 
 and bitterness against the United States. I have 
 read son>ewhat of your history and politics and I 
 conclude that you are made of pretty much the 
 same kind of clay as ourselves. 
 
 In former days when an elector asked an cmbar- 
 raesing question, the candidate in this country 
 would establish his purity and integrity beyond 
 question by vigorously denouncing the Mormons. 
 That question being practically settled, I am at 
 some loss to know how your public men will be 
 
able to divert nublio attention from ttieir own 
 niiscon<liu't and uurning national i|iieBtiona. Our 
 noiiticiana are not reduced to that extremity yet, 
 lor wlien aaked to explain wliat l)ecnme of a rail- 
 way au>)iidy or appropriation, they can at once 
 wave tlic old flag, shout treason and damn the 
 Vanliees. Of course if you throw pnougli dust in 
 theair vou will be sure to blind some one, more 
 particularly where there is more or less nodinient 
 or body in the dui't, and this fair-minded audience 
 will admit that the people of the Ihiitril Stateii 
 and its politicians have not reached that degree of 
 excellence which may be deemed |>erfection. 
 
 Perhaps you do not wish for my opinion on the 
 matter, but I cannot help taking advantage of thia 
 opportunity to say that the United States would 
 stand higher in the opinion of Canada and the 
 oivilixed world if she would refund to Great Kritian 
 the nuused and unclaimed portion of the " Ala- 
 bama Award." I may not be posseased of all the 
 facts, but I know the retention of that money has 
 been used to the detriment of this repulilin on 
 many oocaiiionB. 
 
 The abandonment of the alien labor law, at least 
 in so far r.s Canada is concerned, woubl go a long 
 way to promote a better feelina on the Canadian 
 half of ttiis continent. It would at least remove 
 every excuse for a hostile feeling and strengthen 
 the hands of the friends and advocates of union. 
 
 We have been laying down the doctrine that 
 forma, governmenta and inatitutiona were n)a(ie 
 for men, and not men for them. We hold that if 
 that Divine inatitution, the 8abl>ath, was made for 
 man, surely auch purely human institutions as 
 Haga and governmenta were also made for our con- 
 venience and advantage, to be clianged from time 
 to time to auit our purpoaes. 
 
 I have told you something about the ultra 
 loyaliata of our country, I am not licru to paSH 
 judgment upon my parents ; 1 am sure they taught 
 me to the beat of their ability ; I am forcoil, how 
 ever, to aay that although 1 was naturally liberal 
 in my viewa, I could not help thinking that my 
 heavenly Father made a mistake when He made 
 snch a diaparity between the niouarchi<:al, the 
 ariatocratic and the plebian portions of the Uni- 
 verse, for I never thought for one moment to 
 queation the divine right of llcr Moat (iraciniis 
 Majesty to call me her subject, n.y mother taught 
 me that error from my infancy ; however, thank 
 (Jod, there arose a power whi(;h knew not N'ictoria, 
 I might aay two powers, one was the school master, 
 the other was William Lyon Maokcn/.ic. The 
 former taught me to read, and I soon found out 
 the devices of Kings and Kingcraft, and the latter 
 took up arms against the tyrannical, oppreHsive 
 government of 1837. My father, bless his memory, 
 took up arma with Mackenzie for liberty or deatli ; 
 it reaulted in a great measure of liberty for Canada 
 and exile for my unhappy father, who had to 
 seek the hoapitable ahores of thia free country to 
 find a birthplace for his children ; but "there is a 
 Divinity that shapes our ends, rough hew them 
 how we may." 1 thus became (jualified for the 
 presidency of the United .States. I was taken 
 from Oswego, N.Y., my birthplace, in my mother's 
 arms, and I have never seen my native city since, 
 although I feel an affection for her that I cannot 
 
 fut into words. I have seen her harbor lights as 
 have passed up and down the great lake, but I will 
 make ample amends for my unfilial conduct in the 
 near future. 
 
 What you want to hear about, however, is not 
 myself, but Canada ; I will resume and promise 
 not to digress again unless my affairs or history 
 become an integral and indispensable part of the 
 subject. 
 
 Limited monarchy is an unnatural, hybrid system 
 of government, veiled in allegory and illustrated 
 by symbol. The history of the Kritish Monan^hy 
 is a history of a thousand years of oppreasion, the 
 people contending against the landed ariatocraoy 
 for their liberty and livca, and the boaated reault 
 ia a mongrel production aatiafiictory to no one. 
 
 The lirltish Kmpire ia in name only, governed by 
 the Queen, but lot the Queen even make a mere 
 auggestion and ahe ia firmly but reapectfully in- 
 formed by Mr. (iladatone that ahe ia there to reign 
 and heia there to rule, in her name but by the power 
 and ndght of the democracy of the United Kingdom. 
 
 Mr. (iladatone and hia cabinet are termed the 
 advisors of tiie Queen. Adviaora ia a veiled word, 
 aa they are the connnandera of Her Majesty. 
 Kveu in thia country you will And men who exalt 
 the altar above Him who aitteth between the 
 cheru!)ima, and with the illiterate, unlearned and 
 unthinking of our country it ia the aame ; the 
 Queen, who ia merely the overpaid servant of the 
 State, is exalted above the State itself 
 
 The system I have partially explained, prevails 
 in (jreat Hritain and in all self -governing colonies, 
 it is called. 
 
 RKsl'O.VSinLK fiOVK.RNMENT. 
 
 Allow me to explain the term and its origin ; it 
 requires a great deal of explanation, as these two 
 worils, when used in the narrow senne in which we 
 use them, have a special meaning. Kesponsible 
 government does not mean responsible to the people 
 it iiiaiMi<t responsible to t)ie peoples' allcgetl repre- 
 sentatives; It is a device of the landed aristocracy 
 whereby a small wealthy minority can control anil 
 rob the nation, in the name of, and with the seem- 
 ing consent of the majority. 
 
 Kesponsible government is the greatest' .ind most 
 invidious and most deceptive curse ever intlicted 
 upon a roble, generous and patient people. True 
 it has a grandilo(iuent sound as it rolls olf the 
 politican's tongue, but if we did ntit know its his- 
 tory wn would imagine that it was designed to 
 facilitiite robbery on u great natiimal scale. 
 
 In the time of Walpole, the only way that the 
 
 people of the Unitetl Kingdom could secure liberty 
 
 was to force the King to accept a set of advisors 
 
 elected by, or at least possessing the confidence of 
 
 the peoples' representatives, and coiiipcl him to act 
 
 upon their advice ; this was accomplished by the 
 
 HoiiM! refusing to vote money or supplies until the 
 
 King wasailviHcil as the ('oniinons thought proper, 
 
 and you can readily iiuagiue what kind of a figure 
 
 a King would cut without money. 'J'here was a 
 
 much shorter way out of the difliculty, and in a 
 
 former epoch that Divinely appointetl agent of 
 
 Heaven, Oliver Cromwell, adopted it. He took the 
 
 expeditious method of cutting off the King's head ; 
 
 but in order to do that Walpole would have had to 
 
 tight and perhaps abolish the power of the landed 
 
 aristocracy, and the peoples' leaders always looked 
 
 foward to a place for themaolves in thataacred and 
 
 charmed circle. So the compromise of responsible 
 
 government was agreed upon, whereby the King 
 
 was compelled to act upon the advice of men pos- 
 
 cssiiig the confidence of the peoples' representatives, 
 
 and this doctrine has been crystallised into short, 
 
 catchy election by-wonis or phrases such as, "The 
 
 Queen reigns, and the people rule," and " 'i'he 
 
 Queen can do no wrong " ; the latter is literally 
 
 true, for if the Queen be governed by the advice of 
 
 ministers responsible to parliament, she of course 
 
 can do. no wrong, for the wrong, if any, lies with 
 
 the administration and the house. 
 
 I have noticed that the President of tbe' United 
 States selects his cabinet, having regard only to 
 
porconal fltneu »nil territorial or lectional reprei- 
 eiitatlon. When a man {■ nientionod for a oaliinot 
 poiition the <iueRtion ia iiNually "In he an uasturn 
 man, a wu*tern man, a northern man, a ailver man, 
 a Kold man, &o. 
 
 Under ruiponsihin ^overnmunt the lir«t question 
 !■ "Is ho A Mflthociut," "la liu u I'reahyterhin," 
 " la he a Cathulia," " Ik hu a Congregationaliat," 
 " la he a (jnaker, or an Oriingeman." Theae ()iiua- 
 tiona are diaunaaed hy the oroaa roada |)olitiuiaiia 
 anil nowapapera who oontrol the FederaKiovern- 
 mnnt, aa if tliere were no othur object than boating 
 the air in a hopeleni I'lMleuvor to nnite in one 
 hurmouioiia whoin, tliu ruprutiuntativoa of ruliKioiia 
 and aoctarian hatred and bitternoaa ; when the only 
 trne, aafe an<l atrife-cjuollinK policy ia for thn atatu 
 to ignore completely the oxiatunue of all cruudn and 
 tieiiominationa and devote itself on l>ehalf of all the 
 people to the pnrely aooular alfaira of thia world. 
 
 Ueapnnaible government ia bad enongh in Kng- 
 land where abaolute aovereign legialative powura 
 cxiat. lint the evil ia intenaiHcd in Canada where 
 we are tied up to an ahaurdly defective written in- 
 atrnment for a conatitntion ; I refer to the Act of 
 C/onfedoration. called "The Hritiali North America 
 Act," paaaed by the Parliament <if Cireat Kritain. 
 The powera of the iJoininion I'lirliament anil all of 
 tho I'rovinciiil legialatiiruH are very vaguely deHnnd 
 and aet out in thiit Act. 
 
 Our conatitution ia auppoaed to be modelled upnn 
 ynnra, but we attempted the impoHHilile, aa oil and 
 water will maintain a aepuratu and complete exifit- 
 ence however much you may agitato or churn them 
 together ; ao we have founil that monarchy, nriuto- 
 cracy and democracy will not amalgamate, Cuwpur 
 realized thia long ago when he Mid ; 
 
 " Courtier and Patriot, onnnot mix 
 Tlicir hetoruKoncous iioliticti 
 Witliout Hn efTcrvcHconi'e 
 liike t.lintof sullH ami lemon ji<irn 
 W'liU'hdoca not yet like that produce 
 A friendly coalesconco." 
 
 And I have thought that the only defect in the 
 workinga of your inatitutinpfi ia aecn when you 
 attempt to ndx these elementa, for you have them 
 here in a leaaer degree under dilferent names, 
 " Privilege " dies hard." 
 
 I have aaid that the Canadian ditliculty ia from 
 within, and au it ia, for all we have to do is to agree 
 among ouraelves as tu what wc want, which is not 
 always an easy thing to ilo, and the Parliament of 
 (ireat Itiitain will amend tlie liritihh North 
 America Act in any direction we may desire ; but 
 yon know how hard it is to get an amendment to 
 the United States constitution when you are right 
 on the ground and have the enacting power 
 absolutely in your own hands ; there are so many 
 interests to consult and protect. It is far more 
 difficult with ns for that Act is twenty-five years 
 old this year and we have not had the first amend- 
 ment yet, unless to correct some self-evident 
 clerical error or omisaion, and I have no knowledge 
 of even that. What an unnatural instrument that 
 must be when it requires no amendment! 
 
 " f«ok abroad on natureVrango 
 Nature's ni!:^hty law is chaiiK«d." 
 
 and yet we have been in this one miserable rut for 
 a quarter of a century without deviation. 
 
 " It is not enough to win rittht^s from a King 
 
 And write ihein down in a book. 
 New men, new lighis and the father's code 
 
 The sons may never brook. 
 What ia liberty now were license then ; their 
 
 freedom onr yoko would be ; 
 And each new decade must have new men 
 
 to determine it^s liberty," 
 
 The pcditicians know a thing or two. They keep 
 ua busy with internal, external and ottirnai revenue 
 lawa. We elect men to put certain kimla of fruit 
 and other neoeaaariea of llfoon the free import Mat 
 and the broad aouled, high minded (?) atikteaman who 
 oontrol our ouatoma department thwart the spiritot 
 the law by taxing the baaknta that the fruit ia 
 ahipped in. 
 
 An old man in a plaoo whore I once lived waa 
 aakcd by an honeat, industrioua, worthy fellow for 
 a job shingling a barn; the. old ndscr replied: 
 " Yon can't ahingle the barn in the >rain," The 
 young man unaweretl : " No, Mr, Thomas, I will do 
 tlie work when the weather ia dry," The old man 
 hobbled oir aaying : "The barn don't need ahing- 
 ling when it'a dry," 
 
 And ao with our conatitution. We elect a House 
 fur the purpose of bringing about some great 
 reform ; after the election ia over and the Reform 
 Hill paaseil, the discovery ia made that there ia no 
 proviaion for auch legislation in tho Kritish North 
 America Act, The matter ia taken to the Supreme 
 C'ourt to teat ita validity and from there it almost 
 invariably goes to tlie Privy Council of Kngland, 
 thia ti>kes two or three years, and the measure is 
 eventually disallowed. By thia time the people 
 have had several bad crona and following that 
 (liaaster cornea comn'eroial ilepresaion and then the 
 atruggle for bread and the wherewith to pay taxca 
 drivua mure <|uestion8 of principle into the shade 
 for another decade and then we begin again and 
 repeat history for tho beiietit of a new generation, 
 riie conditiona of life have entirely changed 
 during the past few hundred vears, and a system 
 of government designed to hold a King in check 
 after having been shorn of all prerogative ii a very 
 inadequate and defective system to protect tha 
 people from tho abuses of their representatives. 
 Our watchword now ia "save us from our friends," 
 In all human governmonta there ia more or less 
 corruption. Imagine if you can the state of thiiiga 
 if the administration at Washington, instead of 
 being elscted fur a terir. of years aa it ia, were 
 dependent for its existence frpin hour to hour upon 
 the will and pleasure of a majority of the House of 
 Representatives, Suppose the administration pos- 
 sessed the conlidence of that House by a majority 
 of fifteen, quite a sufficient majority for all practi- 
 cal governmental purposes ; you see at once that 
 the fate of the administration would be in the 
 hands of any eight of its supportors, for the 
 desertion of eight to the opposition would obliter- 
 ate a majority of fifteen and leave the adminis- 
 tration in a minority of one, and in that event the 
 President and his cabinet under our Hystem would 
 he forced to resign. Just follow a little further. 
 Think of some small State, we will say New Jersey, 
 suppose her congressional delegation should wait 
 upon the Secretary of the Navy and say : " We 
 want a navy yard estiiblished in our State." The 
 Secretary wo'uiil probably inform the deputation 
 that the Federal authorities had more navy yards 
 now than it could use to advantage. Would the 
 depM*.-,''on meekly bow themselves out and quietly 
 acquiesce in the Secretary's remarks ? Not by any 
 means, Thoy would probably state, though not 
 in so many words: " We came here to secure 
 the establiahment of a navy yard in New Jersey, 
 and not to get your views on the aubject, if thia 
 administration does not see fit to establish it we 
 will mighty soon install one that will," Of course 
 which ever party happened to be out of office would 
 gladly pay that or any other price out of the public 
 cheat in order to occupy the treasury benches. 
 
 When New Jei-sey ia aatisfied Oregon makes a 
 demand for a land grant to some of her favored 
 
8 
 
 sons for railway purposes, and each State in turn 
 woulii make her (leinand and soon the pu)>lic lands 
 would be alienated in 20,000,000 aero blocks, and 
 the Secretary of the navy would bo kept building 
 battle ships enough to enforce the Mnnro doctrine 
 and extend its operations over the entire globe. 
 In every town you would have a school to train 
 military snobs to live in idleness and insnlt the 
 people by their very presence. You would bo 
 deluded with a saturnalia of corruption that would 
 make the late lioss Tweed turn green in hip yrave 
 with envy or very shame for the denunntiveneaa of 
 his nunny frauds ; and what will you think when 
 I tell you that Canada has l)ecn governed on that 
 principle ever since she has been governed atuil, 
 and the same system prevails in every Province. 
 I>o you wonder that eoiitiactors, nionopcdists, 
 office holders, the landed aristocracy and other 
 vampires are loyal, of course they are loyal. Why 
 wouldn't they be loyal ? 
 
 The eflTect of this responsible government so 
 called has been to make our capital city of Ottawa 
 a great political ulcer, that through its endless rami- 
 fications has poisoned the blood of the whole body 
 politic, until the entire Confederation is sick, and 
 incapable of healthy public opinion ; constituency 
 after constituency has been openly and shamelessly 
 debauched with public money, until anything 
 approaching public spirit or national honor only 
 asserts itself under excessive stimulants and high 
 pressure, and we are under extremely high pressure 
 just now. Poverty is a great educatf)r, an<l the 
 people are quite alive to anything that promises a 
 solution of their increasing ditliculties and C.l'.R 
 thraldom. 
 
 Of the absent and the dead I would speak no evil ; 
 but in speaking of loyalty I must refer to the 
 man who le<l the conservative party in Caniida 
 ever since Confederation, the later Sir ,John A. 
 Macdonald, who died a year ago last .Tune, and 
 just to show the hollowness of this loyalty 
 cloak which is put on and off to suit party 
 and individual exigencies I will tell you what this 
 great man said at a general election. I'his man, 
 who confessedly for material con8i<leration was 
 willing to endanger ISritish connection when an 
 anti- British trade iM>licy was popular, said in my 
 
 Sresence liefore a vast iiudience, " I was born a 
 ritish subject, I will die a Hritish subject,' and 
 immediately the election campaign poet ininiortal- 
 izod the sentiment by this doggerel : 
 
 The patriot raised liis okciI nrin. 
 Anil ileavcnwanl tfazi'd with reverent eye, 
 
 A British siilijecl I was born, 
 A liritisli subject I will die." 
 
 It was easy to prophesy in his then state of 
 health, for he died within four montiis from that 
 time at a very advanced age, and bis end was said 
 to have been hastened by the publicity given to the 
 proven charges of wholesale corruption that existed 
 aniong his colleagues and subordinates, and that 
 threatened the destruction and annihilation of tlie 
 powerful Conservative party ; and of which he 
 ought not to have been ignorant; but whether he 
 was or not it is not proKtablc to eii((uire, now that 
 the man is dead, except for the purpose of demon- 
 strating the rottonncss ami hollowness of this 
 absurd loyalty cry which is used for purposes of 
 personal preferment and aggramlizement. It is 
 
 LOYALTV FOR RkvKNI'E ONI.y. 
 
 and like every fraud it had its ilay, a long day, but 
 the people are now asking who is going to pay the 
 butcher, the baker and the grocer, and who will 
 meet and satisfy the publie creditor. 
 
 Uiulnr responsible government a mere handful 
 an infinitesmal minority, sometimes a single family, 
 controls the State and its vast resources and 
 revenues. 
 
 One would think that an appeal to the Court of 
 Last Resort of the sovereign people wonld practi- 
 cally settle a question, but you have a case in point 
 where the popular verdict is only one small step 
 towards the solution of a great national issue. 
 
 In the recent English elections Mr. Gladstone 
 was returned by an immense popular vote, but has 
 he a free hand to carry out and execute his promis- 
 ed reforms ? No, so far from that being the case, 
 his adndidstratiim has no guarantee of seven days 
 existence, although the people have said in express 
 terms that they want him to govern for seven years. 
 I could not give you a better illustration uf the 
 effects of responsible government than by referring; 
 you to the Irish Home Rule (piestion that now 
 occupies so much of the attention of the world. 
 This case, thank just Heaven, is an illustration of 
 the landed aristocracy falling into their own trap. 
 Here are 71 Irish members forcing a measure of 
 Home Hule through a hostile House of about 6iM) 
 mend)ers. 
 
 This is the only case within my ken where the 
 good end justifies the bad means, and the means 
 are very bad and vicious for it is government by 
 minority. 
 
 lint to everything earthly, there is an end, 
 Canada has been governed on that basis until the 
 grandest country on the face of the (ilobe, with 
 such native wealth that the fabulous resources of 
 the Indies are thrown in the shade, has become 
 crippled and restricted and lags in the race for 
 national suprenuicy. We had exceptionally good 
 credit, but the public creditor is now knocking at 
 the treasury door of the once proud and wealthy 
 Province of (Quebec, and our fair Dominion will 
 soon have the same experience unless we at once do 
 away with responsible government and adopt a 
 a policy of fixity of tenure, economy and retrench- 
 ment. 
 
 Hut wliile we are thus reduced to this ileplorable 
 condition I would not have you think that political 
 union with this great country is our only way out. 
 I am free to adndt that it is the most natural and 
 tdtiuiately the best way out. I think it was Lord 
 Macaulay who said that "such was the creative 
 power of man that the individuals of Kurope and 
 particularly the Hritish portion of Kurope, could 
 create and Huoiimnlate wealth faster than the 
 arndes of Kurope could destroy it." And I would 
 impress n|M>ir yovi the fact that the recuperative 
 power of Canada is immense, inexhaustible and im- 
 mensureable. We have all the known ndneruls in 
 abunilance and a practical monopoly of some of the 
 rarest and mo.it valuable kinds. Our natural 
 reservoirs of wealth are such that all we have to 
 do is to abolish rcspoUHible government and all 
 manner of customs, duties and taxes on industry 
 and the products of labor, and resort to a single 
 tax on land and the natural resources of wealth. 
 
 The proclamation of democracy, the abolition of 
 responsible government, and the removal of all 
 shackles from capitiil, labor and industry, wonld 
 attract the eyes of the world to Canada as the right- 
 ful and literal home of the free in name and sub- 
 stance. Our powers of production woidd then be 
 such that we coulil undersell your numufacturers 
 in your home maikets, notwithstanding your sixty 
 per cent, tariff, or rather because of It. And 
 further, we could force you to adopt our policy, for 
 hundreds of millions of dollars worth of our goods 
 would reach your markets free of duty via the 
 secret under ground railway used only by smug- 
 
 ¥' 
 
9 
 
 glera. Under the conditions I mention you could 
 not prevent the use of that rnilway unless you 
 ■liould place customs house olKuers one hundred 
 feet apart night and day, over aa<l along that inter- 
 national line of nearly four thousand miles, and 
 that would take an army of about four hundred 
 thousand men. 
 
 Kuough of wliat we might do to injure one 
 another. We have been "righting like devils for 
 conciliation and hating one anotiier for the love of 
 God " long enough. 
 
 We are one people in very deed. We have a 
 common origin and I believe a common destiny. 
 Let me give you an illustration of our oneness. 
 According to your census returns y<m have over 
 800,000 native horn Canadians in this repui)lic who 
 have acknowledged their nationality, and goodness 
 knows how many who have not, and counting their 
 children born here, you might say there are almost 
 if not <|uite as many Canadians in this country as 
 there are in Canada. Canadian influence if united 
 could easily turn the suule of any Congressional or 
 I'rcsidential election. 
 
 On one occasion a party of men met in a store or 
 blacksmith shop at one of onr inland cross-roads ; 
 the conversation as usual turned upon England's 
 foreign policy and Canada's future ; the question 
 at issue for the moment was which was the greater 
 power, England or the United States ; one Jingo 
 went so far as to say that the liritish navy could 
 bombard and destroy New York City in forty-eight 
 hours ; whereupon one excitable old gentleman 
 
 broke in "You d fool what do you want to 
 
 bombard New York for, I have four sons in 
 New York." 
 
 Canada comprises forty per cent, of the area of 
 the British Empire, and the union of Canada with 
 the United States would hs the signal for the 
 breaking up of that Empire, that was sarved out by 
 the sword and maintained by force and repression. 
 Australia, New Zealand and the other colonies 
 would follow the lead of Canada as nearly as may 
 be, as they have always done in the past, but such 
 a union would also be the signal for the recon- 
 struction of that greater Empire under our pro- 
 tectorate, founded not on a seldsli, social and 
 political basis, but founded on love and natural 
 atfoction and maintained by the pure milk of 
 human kindness, for we would all love humanity 
 more if we had greater knowledge anil intercourse 
 and less cruel artiticial restriction and misunder- 
 standing. There can be true federation around a 
 principle, but there can be no true federation 
 around a person or family. Wo have too many 
 goixl persons and good families for any one of 
 either to be helil sacred or superior to all others. 
 1 will now refer to the necessity for union iind a 
 few of the direct and material advantages that 
 would How to all concerned, viz.: Britain, Canada 
 and this country. But owing to the length of time 
 consumed already, I can only menti(m a very few 
 points, but the material advantages are so many 
 and apparent that it is sheer waste of time and an 
 unfair tax upon your patience to go into tigures at 
 this late hour. But I have a inanifesto or leatlct 
 issued by "The Continental Union ('lub " of the 
 City of Windsor, Ontario. I will give any one 
 who may desire it a copy upon application.* I have 
 read it carefully and I endorse every statement 
 contained in it, so far as my knowledge of the sub- 
 ject goes. 
 
 I know there are a great many people in this 
 country who hold feelings akin to hatred and 
 enmity to Great Britain, and not entirely without 
 cause, for she proved a most unnatural mother to 
 
 * See Appendix. 
 
 you, but that would have been forgotten and for- 
 given long ago, were it not that the smouldering 
 embers are fanned into flame and fresh fuel sup- 
 plied in the persons of the children of Ireland, who 
 have been driven from their homes by conditions of 
 life that are simply unbearable ; but that cause of 
 friction is fast being removed. 
 
 I have observed two ways of getting rid of an 
 enemy, one is to kill him, and the other is to make 
 a friend of him ; the latter is the course I would 
 advise in this case. ^'((U cannot lay anything to 
 the charge of the British people they are a noble, 
 generous and chivalrous race. Your grievaiice is 
 against a class — the aristocracy, who rule and 
 oppress not only Ireland but England through the 
 supineness and l<'tliart;y of the masses in the riame 
 of the nation, and I am sorry to say your own 
 laud is not altogether free from that evil, for 1 
 wouhl be sorry indeed to hold the people of the 
 United States morally responsible for some of the 
 acts of their representatives, although, of course, 
 the people of every country must assume the legal 
 responsibility for the actions of men whom they 
 authorise or permit to act for them. 
 
 We now tax British goods as freely as we tax 
 yours, and when the imposition of that tax was 
 "first suggested the Liberal or opposition party 
 raised the cry that such a course would endanger 
 British connection. Our leading Tory statesman, 
 through his organ, promptly replied: "So much 
 the worse for British connection," and that loyal 
 sentiment was applauded fronj ocean to ocean. 
 And that is just how loyal we can be when it suits 
 our purpose. 
 
 This country and Britain must never measure 
 swords, except verbally, and that is pardonable on 
 bt>th sides at election times. But speaking serious- 
 ly, a war between these two great powers would be 
 the most disastrous to human life and civili/.ation 
 that the world has ever known. 
 
 It is only through a complication of Canadian 
 interests that the probable, 1 might say the only 
 possible cause of war between the two countries 
 could arise. Unite these countries under one tlag, 
 with a bond of common interests, and tliiit dread- 
 ful possibility, war between this country aiul 
 Britain would be forever averted ; and not only so, 
 but there would be a far more friendly feeling 
 between all parties than exists at present. Britain 
 can only claim our fealty and friendship now, as 
 vassals, not equals. She would have our frieiid- 
 sliip then and of an entirely disinterested quality, 
 without her present burdensome responsibilities, 
 which she assumes with no hope of direct tinancial 
 reward. 
 
 As for Canada -We would have our piililiu debts 
 assumed. We would have an influx of millions of 
 enterprising, energetic Anierioan men, and untold 
 millions of American money to develop our limit- 
 less resources. VVe would enjoy the riglits of 
 citizenship over this entire continent. We would 
 have unrestricted trade and conunerce with seventy 
 udllions of people. The last will and testament of 
 Peter the (ireat would he a nidtity, a mere histori- 
 cal curiosity for the dmninent power of this earth, 
 subject to our Creator's will, would be North 
 America. We would be the sole and unquestioned 
 arbiter auH)ng the mitions of the earth, and the 
 armies of the Russian autocrat or the hair-liruiued 
 Cernuin Kaiser would cease forever to menace the 
 peace, development and freedom of our race. 
 
 The great American eagle would soieivm and 
 soar nloft and survey the universe from an altitude 
 heretofore unreached. The great American press 
 would brag of the new acquisition of population, 
 wealth and territory, and thus advertise Canada 
 
10 
 
 over the whole worhl. The emiRration that now 
 shuns our shores on account of the obnoxious name 
 of nionarchy, would seek homes in our great North- 
 West and otlier Provinces. We cannot make 
 emigrants believe, in fact I almost despair of 
 making you believe, that we are quite as free and 
 democratic as y<m are, but such is the case ; and so 
 far as governmental abuses are concerned, we hold 
 the remedy almost entirely in our own hands. 
 And not the least of the advantages that would 
 accrue, Canada would be at once and forever freed 
 from that monstrosity known as responsible gov- 
 eniniLMit. 
 
 You would be amused if you would not be pained 
 t<i see the real alarm with which some look upon 
 the proposed Union. The usual exclamation of the 
 Ivcstriotionist is, " What, be swallowed up by the 
 Yiiiikees ; loose our identity an<l nationality ? " 
 About the last thing we would lose would be our 
 identity, ut least so long as we liave votes. I think 
 it WHS Kmerson who said, " Liberty only exists 
 where the snow falls." That may not be literally 
 correct, but it is based on a great truth, as those 
 know who are familiar with the history of the 
 liardy race of Norsemen, Sea-Kings and other 
 northern peoples. The idea of absorption is ridic- 
 ulous. We can J! d our own with any people, and 
 as a part of this Union we would have an influence 
 out of ail proportion to our numbers. We are an 
 ambitio\is, enterprising and aggressive people, as 
 you would find were our unnatural restrictions 
 removed. 
 
 " What will it profit a man if he gain the whole 
 worhl and lose his own soul, or what would a man 
 give in exchange for bis soul?" Let me put the 
 (juostion in this way : What would the United 
 States gain if she keep her great markets an<l ciher 
 advantages, and have her grand institutions which 
 are the pride and boast of the liberty loving world, 
 subverted or destroyed by the preponderance of a 
 foreign uneducated pf»pulation, unfit for self-gov- 
 ernment, which you are unable to resist or divert 
 from your shores, and still retain the glorious and 
 honored name of the asylum and refuge of the poor 
 and oppressed of all nations, the Chinese excepted. 
 Unite the two countries and you add seven prov- 
 inces and three immense territories, sill ready for 
 Statehood, the whole containing about 5,006,0<)0 
 souls, eighty per cent, of whom are native to the 
 soil ; who have adopted institutions and laws sim- 
 ilar to your own, some of which we consider 
 superior to yours, and which we intend to foster 
 and maintain, union or no nnitm. 
 
 I have re.id with tlie deepest concern the words 
 of your most able thinkers and writers, of the 
 dangers to your institutions from the cause I have 
 mentioned. 
 
 Apai't from the bnsswood loyalty of a few flag 
 waverers and officeholdtrH, Canada would hail 
 with loud acclaim the advent of such a grand 
 union of the Knglish speaking peoples of this con- 
 tinent ; the greatest union of free, self-governing 
 mm and women that this world has ever seen, and 
 let me assure you that Canada would prove to be 
 no cypher in the development of this wonderful 
 awe inspiring federation. We would be the salt 
 and I enieiit of it. 
 
 When that Koyiil Scapegrace, Henry V of 
 Fngland, went through the form of courting the 
 daughter of the crushed and conouered King of 
 Fta'ice, Henry propounded the old, old rjiiestion, 
 " Do you love me Kate ' " The Princess overcome 
 by patriotic indignation replied : " My hand is at 
 the disposal of my lloyal father and in obedience 
 to him I will become your wife, but is it possible 
 that 1 should /lyiv' the enemy of I'ramre?" Henry 
 
 answered : " No Kate, but in loving me you would 
 be loving the friend of France, for I love France 
 so well that I will not part with a single village 
 of it." 
 
 We love Canada so well that we are anxious that 
 she cease to be a dependency of a foreign power 
 and a mere make weight to a great empire, and 
 that she should become the greatest part of the 
 greatest federation of free or self governing states 
 nations ever knew or ever contemplated. 
 
 Did you ever contemplate what a power we 
 would then be ? At our mere fiat (without firing 
 a gun or drawing a sword, by virtue of our unlimit- 
 ed wealth, latent strength and honorable spirit), 
 the suffering nations of the world would disband 
 their inhumanizing military systems and dwell 
 together in peace, plenty, love and security, and 
 each citixen of this great union would feel that he 
 was a joint reigning sovereign in the universal 
 empire of love and brotherhood. 
 
 When the Munroe doctrine was first enunciated 
 by the famous president of that name, it was hailed 
 as the summit and acme of broad American states- 
 manship, but it is as far behind the age now as is 
 steam as a means of conveying news and intelligence. 
 
 All honor to Munroe ; seen with his light and 
 from his standpoint his idea was great, grand and 
 far-reaching ; but seen from our elevation with the 
 noonday light of to-day it is narrow, contracted 
 and small. 
 
 I do not believe in the policy of non-interference. 
 True, we belong to this C(mtinent, but we also be- 
 long to this world, to which we owe a duty that 
 we ought not to shirk. We are our brother's 
 keeper, and our brethern are all mankind. 
 
 Another immense advantage that would accrue 
 to Canada and this country as a result of union, 
 would be that we could then turn our attention to 
 our much needed domestic legislation. No think- 
 ing person supposes that the industrial and social 
 institutions that were established thousands of 
 years ag<i for a semi-barbarous people, are such 
 that they cannot be amended ; and most people 
 will agree with me when I state that the best way 
 to repair a very old and badly worn garment is to 
 make a new one ; and that is the way some of our 
 advanced thinkers say that many of our institu- 
 tions require to be amended. Let us get rid of 
 custom houses, at least the internal ones. Let us 
 get rid of the Hehring Sea controversy. Let us 
 get rid of petty international jealousies of every 
 nature, and you may be sure that the energies of 
 this great people will vent itself in industrial and 
 social reforms and national and individual develop- 
 ment. There is room enough, wealth enough and 
 happiness for all if this world's resources were only 
 wisely developed, husbanded and distributed. 
 
 It has been said by a very distinguished Canad- 
 ian, Mr. J<>astus Wiman, who resides in this 
 country, that there are only three ways of bring- 
 ing about the contemplated union, an<l he pro- 
 pounded his theory of ways and means and in the 
 same breath declared euch to be impracticable and 
 impossible ; but the history of the world shows 
 that great men make great mistakes ; I might say 
 that it is only a great man who is capable of 
 making a great mistake. 
 
 The first way suggested is by revolution. Suc- 
 cessful revolution is said to be patriotism ; and un- 
 successful revolution is unquestionably treason. 
 
 The union party of Canada are patriots, and if our 
 loyalty were called in question we do not wish to 
 establish our reputation for patriotism by even a 
 successful revolution, and to become traitors and 
 rebels is out of the question, particularly when the 
 resources of o\ir constitution, though very meagre, 
 are sufficient for all purposes 
 
 . 
 
11 
 
 The second proposition is tliat we l)ecome inde- 
 pendent und enter into this union ns a federation of 
 tree sovereign states. Of course tlie aci{uisition 
 of independence is fraught with all the difficul- 
 ties of the first plan and might involve revolution. 
 
 The third is that the union bo consummated by 
 friendly negotiations between Canada, the United 
 States and Ureat Britain, and I freely give my 
 
 E reference and endorsation to the latter sclienie as 
 eing more conducive to future peace, goodwill and 
 friendliness. It is the only course I would advise or 
 countenance at present. 
 
 Mr Wiman advises closer trade relations. 
 Some advocate unrestricted reciprocity in trade 
 and coniniercH. Some claim that a commercial 
 union would bring about such happy results that 
 political union would be sure to follow in the im- 
 mediate future. Do not believe it ! Any of these 
 would bring al)out a temporary measure of pros- 
 purity to Canada, but political union would never 
 take place if we could be prosperous without it, 
 and I look upon our present agricultural and in- 
 dustrial depression as the direct working of the 
 Hand of the Most High. 
 
 I look upon Quebec's $R5,000,000 debt as a veri- 
 table Godseud, for through that debt and by that 
 means only, the perplexing Quebec problem can be 
 solved. 
 
 Union would never take place so long as the 
 office holding, governing class, who would rather 
 reign in Hell tlian serve in Heaven, can prevent it ; 
 and so long as the condition of the Canadian people 
 will compare favorably with yours, you may be 
 sure that the newspapers and the classes I liave 
 mentioned will be able to engender and maintain a 
 feeling of false pride, rivalry and hostility, but you 
 hold the key to the position and I implore you not 
 to throw it away, but use it for the licncflt of all 
 concerned. 
 
 Do you suppose that I would be hear to-night if 
 I were making i\hy to a hundred and fifty thousand 
 dollars a ytar, as I was <loing up to about 
 three or four years ago ; I would have had sufficient 
 sense to leave well enough alone, and I would have 
 accepted the newspaper version of our destiny ask- 
 ing no questions for conscience' sake. 
 
 Christianity does not hesitate to hold forth the 
 eternal glories of the Crystal City with walls of 
 janper, gates of pearl and gold-paved streets, a.s a 
 reward to those who will come under her li^iit, 
 burden and easy yoke ; so f am not ashamed to 
 say that I was primarily interested in this cause 
 because of the great bcnefit.s that I was persuadeil 
 would accrue to me and mine ; hut since I have 
 given the matter study, 1 feel spurred on and 
 enthused by the real grandeur, sublimity, nobility 
 and holiness of the work and I feel myself rising to 
 a hiifher plane every day. 
 
 We want union complete and entire, and no com- 
 promise. The broad unassailable and unanswer- 
 able arguments that are and can be advanced in 
 favor of union are not available for any half measure 
 or temporary expedient. 
 
 Vou can do much as individuals and societies to 
 promote this union. True, you are debarred as a 
 nation or as a people in a collective capacity from 
 taking any action that could be interpretuted or 
 readily misinterpretated into a design against 
 Uritain or any of her dependencies ; but surely you 
 are as free as I am to discuss the matter and pro- 
 mote an interest in the cause ; such action as I am 
 taking does not in any way commit or embarrass 
 the 8tate. This is purely legitimate and consti- 
 tutional agitation. 
 
 It lies in yourpower to remove the only semManoe 
 of an argument that tl)i- restrictionist fulls buck 
 
 upon as a last resort. Ho says : — " What, go to 
 tlie United .States with our bats in our hands beg- 
 ging to be admitted to the union as ol)ject8 of 
 charity ; the Yankees don't want us, and our seek- 
 ing an entrance to the union would be an admission 
 that we are a huge failure. No, we will starve 
 first." 
 
 It devolves upon the people of this country to 
 evidence such a desire for union and such an interest 
 in the Canadian people as will relieve Canada from 
 the very natural embarrassments that she would 
 otherwise feel in taking the initiative. 
 
 Most of us know that love making can always be 
 done much better by two than one. Help us in our 
 struggle against ignorance, bigotry and prejudice 
 by taking a stronger, deeper and continued interest 
 in tlie unification of the North American Continent. 
 I know you are interested ; your presence is con- 
 clusive upon that point, and I would ask you to 
 eschew false notions of delicacy and help us in the 
 way indicated, and in every other honorable way. 
 The American citizen who says "We do not want 
 Canada," is an enemy to this republic, this conti- 
 nent and his race. 
 
 I would much prefer to see Great Britain one of 
 the high contracting parties to this proposed per- 
 petual treaty and solemn league and covenant for 
 the betterment of the human race by means of the 
 firmer and final establishment on this continent of 
 democratic institutions, and the inculcation of the 
 principles of liberty ; and when Britain sees the 
 happy results of her handiwork,, she will doubtless 
 grant the prayer of Burns, who said : 
 
 " And then we'll pray, Auld Kiiglandnmy 
 Soon plant this far-famed tree, man. 
 And blithe we'll aiuK and hail theday 
 That Kives us libertie, man." 
 
 I venerate and respect (J reat l!ritain,'but I 'ove 
 and adore this "(Jrea-.er Britain," this cradle of 
 liberty, my own and my father's land. 
 
 But sjwaking of ways and means. I feel guilty 
 of hiiviiig tiikon up so much of your time with 
 vvliMt is after all a mere detail. 
 
 Mr. D.irling on the jiccasion formerly referred to 
 .siiid : " The tie that binds Canada to the mother- 
 land is a silver thread that can be broken practically 
 at will." 
 
 The great Carlyle tells an anuising story of a 
 Queen of one of the South Sea Islands who bad 
 been converted to Christianity. In her zeal to en- 
 lighten her people and turn them from the way of 
 darkness and error, she walked up to the volcano 
 that the i^ople wc>rship|ied as a <iod and she boldly 
 emptied her washbasin in the mouth of the great 
 crater and threw her sandal in also, and , heaped 
 other indignities upon the false God in the 
 presence of the nation. The people waited for the 
 great consuming fire and destructive explosion that 
 never came, and thus their eyes were opened. 
 
 In like manner a few of us have openly expressed 
 our contempt for and unbelief in the twin phantom 
 Deities of Royalty and so-called loyalty, that have 
 long ruled our fair Dominion by promoting and 
 engendering sectional and secterian hatred, and 
 the people have looked to see us smitten with the 
 leprosy of treason and other plagues, but their 
 phantom (iods are asleep, or too weak to assert 
 themselves, and we still live, move and have a very 
 healthy being ; and the people themselves are now 
 putting forth their hands and testing the texture of 
 the gorgeous Royal ermine and the old flag, and 
 they have come to the conclusion that they are 
 very good and useful for covering the pervertions 
 of justice, the robbery of the nation and general 
 w'ckediiesK in high places. They are of no use bow- 
 evt r for promoting tlui development and interests 
 
12 
 
 of the people, ftnd they have totally failed to pro- 
 mote national and individual proBpurity and happi- 
 
 I)C8S. 
 
 It is the boast of Rritain that alio h.iM given 
 pai'liainentitry govrrniiiunt and representative in- 
 8titutioi\s to the world ; and she ulaiina tiiat she 
 lias a iK'xihle unwritten conatitution tiiat she is not 
 tied up to a pieot! of parchment however reniaik 
 able and j^reat it I'lay be, as you are. 
 
 Hi'itain elainia tliat a lindted monarchy is the 
 best, most expeditions and speedy nieaiiS conceiv- 
 able of rejjistering the popular will. I do not agree 
 witl) her, luit if you, or any section of our people 
 have any concern on that score yon may disniiMS it 
 from your ndnds, for two reasons. In the first 
 place : It is folly to be crossing bridges before you 
 eouie to them, or going to nieetdiirieulties half-way. 
 And in tlie secoiul place : You can rest assured that 
 if the people of Canada express at the polls a pre- 
 ference for continental political union, the leaders, 
 or rather followers of the people will soon be 
 deprived of their power shoulil they confess their 
 inability to speedily and elTectually register the 
 decree of the people. 
 
 (iive IIS the decree and we will see to its registr- 
 ation. 
 
 With your concurrence and assistance, union 
 will take place within .seven years, I believe much 
 sooner, some say within two or three years and I 
 think it ([iiite possible ; anil when that great event 
 takes place we will move on toward greater things ; 
 for after all the condition of the masses of the 
 people, as families and individuals, is of far greater 
 moment than any aiiioiiiit of collective national 
 grandeur, and there is much to be iloiie that we 
 can do if we unite and work together with single- 
 ness of purpose. 
 
 There is (Uie thing more, the discussion of which 
 is perhaps (juite periiiature at this stage, but it can 
 do no harm an<l it may do much good. I refer to 
 Tkkms ok Union. 
 
 The direct annual saving of |:W,000,()00 (a most 
 moderate estimate) that would accrue to the union 
 as a result of lessening the cost of government of 
 Canada, would, if capitalized at '2 percent.,* be 
 ei|ual to .'*l,r)O(l.n()O,00O. It will thn.s be seen that 
 the union woiilil bi! )>ro(itable to this country at 
 any cost not exceeding that amount; 1 am speak- 
 ing now in a culil calculating spirit from the 
 standpoint of dollars and cents. Our Dominion 
 debt in r<»uiid ligiircs amounts to .*!'J."iO,0(i(),0()0 ; 
 our various Provincial debts to about .$.')(), (K)0,< (00 
 more ; ami our various Municipal debts, say 
 $•200, 000,01 K), or a tutal of $r>00,000,0()0 Then 
 in the interests of tlu; interior of the continent, we 
 must construct an 'ii\U:v lake ojcaii canal system 
 that would admit any or all ocean vessels up to 
 Chicago and to every port on the great lakes. 
 This wonderous water way would be the greatest 
 of its kind in the world, and I would like to 
 enlarge upon this vast theme, but time presses. 
 
 This highw ly to the .seas woubl cost in the 
 neighborhood of .'?'.>00.000,000, making the total 
 outlay to Caiiiola .'S7r)(),000,(M)0, leaving a net profit 
 to the union of .<7.'i(»,000,(K)0. 
 
 1 nave received letters taking strong ground 
 against the as-inmption by the union of the Pro- 
 vincial ami .Municipal incl<'btei1iiess claiming that 
 they were similar to your Slate and .Municipal 
 delits tnat you havt; to pay its such. 'J'hose who 
 take that ground must do so through ttrror regard- 
 ing the facts. Oar position is rntirely ditl'erent 
 from yours. While our Dominion lias been modeled 
 as a federation more or less upon tliis republic, 
 
 ■ The Lfniled States renewed lioiids to the extent of 
 Ju'.i.fHKl.lKN) Ht 2 pi-r cent., and tlie union now has a 
 credit never liefore ei|iiallcd by any people. 
 
 there are many points of difTerence. For instance, 
 your States derive their revenue by direct taxation, 
 which is the only natural and honest way, but as 
 yet none of our Provinces have resorted to it. Our 
 I'rovineial (ioverninents are maintained principally 
 through a subsidy of eighty cents per capita that 
 we receive from the Dominion (Jovernment ; if we 
 are to relimpiish that great revenue it is not unfair 
 or unreasonable to ask that we be relieved of all 
 existing liabilities that were incurred on the 
 strength or credit of the subsidies. Again, thus 
 far the cities, counties and other municipalities 
 have not been called upon to support and maintain 
 Stite (Governments by direct taxation, and if our 
 municipalities are to assume that burden, we very 
 naturally ask to be relieved of present burdens. 
 
 As to the canal system, it would be to the 
 interests of all, and now is a favorable opportunity 
 to have the matter considered and made part 
 of the proposed terms of union. 
 
 The union of Canada and the United States 
 would be of advantage to this country as well as to 
 Canada, but you would have a special advantage 
 in the preservation of your national banking system 
 which is the envy and admiration of the world. 
 Your bank note currency is secured by Government 
 guarantee, and in order to. save the government 
 from loss the banks are required to deposit (lOvern- 
 inent bonds in the United States treasury e({ual in 
 amount to the currency issued. The present 
 United States debt is fast being wiped out ; when 
 it is paid, as it soon must be, where will the banks 
 get bonds to put up, unless you create a further 
 indebtedness at once you will have to overhaul and 
 revolutionize your banking system ; as to whether 
 tl'.ut would be wise or prudent you are in the best 
 position to say. 
 
 As to the terms of union, 1 would not presume 
 to dictate them. I only th-row out these sugges- 
 tions to set people thinking and talking. One 
 tiling I am assured of if we can take the terms that 
 this country gave the liepnblic of Texas as a fair 
 index ef American generosity and fairness, we will 
 be more than satistied. Only let the high con- 
 tracting parties get together and 1 have no fear 
 but that the terms of ttie union will be speedily 
 and honorably adjusted to the satisfaction and 
 advantage of both countries. 
 
 Mr. (.'hairman,- I have said a great deal, but for 
 want of time and ability I could not give to such 
 a vast and boundless suliject, anything like justice. 
 1 expect that my words will be analy/.ed, criti<:i/.ed 
 ami pulled to pieces generally. If some of my 
 arguments and deductions are found defective, it 
 will only prove that I am a mere man, subject to 
 like inlirmities as other men ; but if 1 only succeed 
 in provoking a discussion of this great (inestion I 
 will be happy, for other aii<l abler men will then 
 su]>ply the arguments to the enlightenment of all 
 concerned. Of one tiling I am convinced, that is, 
 there is not one valid argument against union, at 
 least I have not heard of it ; if. there is one it has 
 been kept for future use by those who know of it, 
 but if that arguinent is to do any good to the 
 cause of restriction, someone will have to speak 
 soon or f<never after hold his peace. 
 
 I have a wimderful vista of the future. The way 
 I regard this moveiiient can be illustrated by sup- 
 posing a man is on a mountain top ; he endeavors 
 to move a huge boulder, and for days, weeks, 
 months, perhaps years, he builds derricks, fulcums, 
 and other scieiititic and mechanical appliances ; 
 and all this time he can see no perceptible progress, 
 but bye-andbye, after the most desperate and 
 exhaustive struggle, away the huge rock goes roll- 
 ing down the mountain side with irresistible and 
 ev4;r- increasing force. 
 

 13 
 
 Let u« u()ii8iiiiunate tliiv ^raixl, great and 
 glorious union and the nations of the earth will fx- 
 claim : " liehold how great a matter a little tire 
 kindleth." Tlie spirit of union and brotherhood 
 would become epidemic and sweep everything be- 
 fore it ; the nations of the earth would draw closer 
 together and the day would soon dawn when "men 
 would brothers be, and a that " ; and men would 
 beat their swords into plough shares, and their 
 spears into pruning hooks, nation will not lift up 
 sword against nation, neither shall they learn war 
 any more. 
 
 The twentieth century is about to dawn and 
 burst upon us with a flood of light and love. With 
 it will come great things for the sons of earth, and 
 to me it appears that we (the people of this contin- 
 ent), are tlie chosen vessels of honor through which 
 these great blessings are to come. 
 
 You are already bone of our bone, flesh of our 
 flesh and blood of our blood . Why keep apart any 
 longer? liut the paramount practical ({uestion is, 
 what are you and I going to do to bring this scheme 
 to a full fruition, for it lies with the people them- 
 selves. In past ages when the masses were kept 
 in darkness, ignorance and poverty, they had real 
 leaders and the people were the followers; now 
 the case is reversed, the pulitiuuns arc the followers, 
 and they will not move in advance of popular 
 opinion, and they take very little part in making 
 it. And my chief aim here to-night has been to 
 make each of my hearers and all who may read 
 these words as individuals, ask his or her con- 
 science " What is my duty in relation to the pro- 
 posed unification of this marvelous people." 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Manifesto issued by "The Continental Union Club," of the City of Wind- 
 sor, Ont., referred to by Mr. Macdonald in the foregoing address. 
 
 During the past few years a desultory sort of 
 discussion has been going on regarding the future 
 of Canada, but until the recent publication of the 
 census returns the question was considered in a 
 speculative manner, rather than with any idea that 
 the present generation would be called upon to 
 settle it in a practical way. But opinions which 
 iiave heretofore been held more or less as theories 
 have now become the firm and well-grounded con- 
 viction of a large and rapidly increasing number 
 of Canadians that political union with the United 
 States is the inevitable and desirable destiny of 
 Canada. 
 
 In presenting for public consideration this appeal 
 in behalf of political union, the Continental Union 
 Club is actuated by a desire to see an all-engrossing 
 question, that cannot now be ignored, discussed on 
 its merits, witliout prejudice, free from personal re- 
 criminations and undeterred by Imseless charges 
 of treason made by mock loyalists, and by that 
 section of thcGovernment press subsidized l)y manu- 
 facturers and ottice-holdcrs, against all who have 
 the courage to hold aloft the torchlight of truth 
 for the guidance of the Canadian taxpayer. To do 
 what the press would be found doing if free from 
 the influence of that moral terrorisn) which is 
 exercised by the self-styled loyalist, who ordinarily 
 has, or expects to have, his arm up to the ell)ow 
 in tiie public chest, is the purpose of an organization 
 which is based on the belief that political union 
 is the rational solution of the dilliculties which 
 binder our national advancement. 
 
 Confederation was a British rather than a Canad- 
 ian idea. Old Canada was drifting steadily towards 
 political -union, when our rulers, who possessed in- 
 herited prejudices against the American people, 
 conceived the iilea of confederating all the provinces 
 in the hope of building up a country strong enough 
 not only to resist the absorbing influence of the 
 greater force, but also to offer a menance to the 
 stability of American Republicanism. Its founders 
 were animated by an old, rather than by a new 
 world spirit. It was with them as it is now with 
 many of us — " what can we do to help England?" 
 
 instead of "will this be to the advantage of Canada 
 and her people '!" Confederation was the final 
 effort to prevent political union. But time and 
 events have softened our asperities. We have im- 
 bibed the spirit of the Democratic institutions of 
 our neighbors and we are now a.sking ourselves, 
 why should the schism which divided our race 100 
 years ago, be perpetuated? Why should not the 
 old wounds be allowed to heal, antl a lasting union 
 founded on mutual interest, be elfected between 
 two branches of the same family ? What do we 
 gain by remaining apart ? What would we lose by 
 the uidon ? 
 
 The importance of these queries is inhanced at 
 this crisis by the fact that our attempt to overcome 
 the forces of nature has bfen a very costly experi- 
 ment and has produced u ^ery unsatisfactory result. 
 To-day we are Jarthtr hchind our yrtat coiii/ietitor 
 in the race of national development and greatness 
 tha7i we were when the foiijulalions of Confederation 
 were laid. Every reasonable man will admit that 
 if we cannot become self-sustaining, and a people 
 able to defend ourselves, our national existence 
 cannot be made permanent, and our patriotism, for 
 the want of satisfactory food, will famish and die. 
 What progress have we matie in building such a 
 nation? We have been twenty-five years engaged 
 in the work, and with the census before us us the 
 balance sheet, the time is opportune for making a 
 thorough exandnation of our aO'iiirs. Let us show, 
 l)y figures that cannot be disputed, what sacrifices 
 we have made and how futile those sacrifices have 
 been. 
 
 At the formation of Confederation the national 
 debt was seventy-seven nuliion dollars, or ;J2I per 
 head of our population. To-duy that debt is 
 practically two hundred and fifty nuliion dollars, 
 or over $.30 per head ; tlie interest on the debt 
 alone representing a sum which would be almost 
 sulficent, with prudent management, to carry on 
 the affairs of five million people on this con- 
 tinent, were we homogeneous and in a compact 
 territory instead of being strung along a narrow 
 strip four thousand miles long and divided into 
 
14 
 
 ft(iver»l •eutiona eaoli of which hai little ornothin^d 
 either in lentiiiient or intereat, in common with the 
 rust. The people of Canada have cheerfully con- 
 Hented to this vaat au^rmentation of their national 
 hurden in the hope tliat the population would in. 
 crease and the country develop into a powerful 
 community. Hut "man proposes anddod disposes." 
 We shall conline our analysis of the census to the 
 results of the last ten years, Iwcause it was at the 
 end of that decade, particularly, that the best 
 results should have been shown. A supreme eflbrt 
 was put forth to develop the country, and attract 
 population as the munmum bonum of national 
 
 Prosperity. In 1881 the population was 4, .'{24, 810. 
 n 1891 it is 4,839,411. The incroase is but 
 ">(X),UOO, or 11.06 per cent., notwithstanding that 
 in the tiaiiie time — showing the value we place 
 upon population — we paid three million dollars to 
 bring 900,000 immigrants to the country, facts that 
 simply show that had no immigrants arrived the 
 population would be nearly 400,000 less than in 
 1881 '. But to comprehend the full signiiicancc of 
 this deplorable result we must again consider the 
 relation of these tigures to the d3bt and annual 
 expenditure. As we have shown the debt has 
 increased since Federation over 200 per cent. The 
 annual expenditure has risen to nearly forty 
 millions, or from $.'< to $8 per head of the popu- 
 lation. This huge debt lias been pileil up and this 
 vast expenditure made to Ht the country for the 
 reception and maintenance of a large population. 
 And yet with all our development, and this expen- 
 diture, we have not been able to hold one-half our 
 natural increase, besides losing all our immigrants. 
 If a merchant, in examining liis books, should find 
 a similar result, would he not conchnle a change 
 in his business to be necessary ? 
 
 To understand to what extent we have fallen 
 behind our neighbors, a comparison between their 
 progresa and our own is in place. From 1880 to 
 1890 Minnesota alone gained 520,000, or more than 
 the entire gain of the Dominion of Canada. The 
 two Dakotas, whici, started even with Manitoba 
 in 1870, have increased from KiS.OOO to 510,000, 
 nearly 300 per cent., as against Manitoba's increase 
 from 37,000 to 154,000 or 14ti per cent. ; and the 
 Dakotas do not compare with Manitoba in soil or 
 climate. Wasiiington State, recently admitted to 
 the Union, and nothing like as good a country as 
 British Columbia, increased from 75,000 to 349,000 
 —a rate of 365 per cent. Kansas increased 431,- 
 000, Arkansas 325,000, Wisconsin 371,000, and 
 Michigan, which possesses less natural wealth than 
 Ontiirio, 457,000 or almost as much as the increase 
 in the entire Dominion. 
 
 Hut unfortunately there is no reason to expect 
 any improvement in Canada's future under present 
 conditions. The census returns have shewn that 
 the rural population of the older provinces, as well 
 as many of the principle towns has diminished. 
 The leading cities have grown, but as they must 
 depend upon the rural districts for support, they 
 cannot grow much more, for they cannot find an 
 increase of consumers for Jiieir productions among 
 tlie wealth producing element, themselves at a 
 standstill. Financial experts recognize this as true 
 and already some of the most important of them 
 have refused to lend more than forty per cent, upon 
 the present values of city property, and they insist 
 upon gold clauses in their m^'tgagea — which simply 
 meana that they understand the national situation 
 fully and fear a iufiation of the national currency, 
 in the effort to tide over our diflioultiea until our 
 long delayed period of national proaperity seta in. 
 
 It is perhaps nnneceasary to point out how poli- 
 tical union wouUI benetit the country. Our national 
 
 debt would be aaaumed by the union at large, our 
 aaauta in public worka and mineral reaourcea being 
 accepted as an equivalent ; the then national debt 
 would be but 910 per head inatead of ffiO ; our en- 
 ormoua Dominion expenditure of nearly forty 
 inilliona per annum would ceaae ; the ainaller pro- 
 vincea could reorganize with cheaper soverinental 
 machinery. So much for the direct nnancial ad- 
 vantagea. Aa for the development of the country, 
 Manitoba would undoubtedly increaae in popula- 
 tion aa faat aa any of the preaent Northern Statea, 
 and her oitiea would grow in a like proportion ; the 
 vaat mineral reaourcea of northern Ontario and 
 Quebec, the richest on the continent, would attract 
 the capitaliata of the world and a large influx of 
 settlers would follow ; our aecuritiea being enhanc- 
 ed, Britiah gold would be inveated in Canada aa it 
 ia at present in the United Statea ; the McKinley 
 Bill and its hoatile proviaions being done away 
 with by the fusion of the twocouutriea, our farmers 
 would find a market in America for nearly all their 
 produce without going 3,000 miles acroaa the aeaa. 
 Britiah Columbia would aimply outatr<p all pro- 
 vinces in development. The towua and citiea of 
 Canada would feel the impetua of new life reaulting 
 from increased population in the provinces ; manu- 
 factures, which could be carried on more success- 
 fully in the east than in the west, would spring up 
 ill ticlda naturally adapted for them ; our railwaya 
 would receive their rightful share of traffic ; our 
 waterways to the sea would command the commerce 
 of the continent. We would be part and parcel of 
 a nation of sixty-Hve millions who are our brothers 
 ami sisters, liavtj laws and institutions similar to 
 ours ; we would have the whole continent to trade 
 ill for all time to come inatead of being contined to 
 Canadiv ; we would no longer be a aoUrce of irrita- 
 tion to our great neighbor by compelling them to 
 guard a, four thousand mile frontier. 
 
 All complications an<l possibilities of war between 
 Kiigland and the United States being at an end, we 
 would be relieved of that expensive burlesque, the 
 militia ; our tiiial destiny would be fixed perman- 
 ently on a firm and satisfactory basis. There 
 would bo great economy in government expendi- 
 ture ; our provinces would really acquire iiulepen- 
 dencc, instead of all their acts being subject to 
 Federal revision as at present ; trade would increase 
 many fold ; there would be a large flow of capital 
 and immigration into our country and real estate 
 would increase in value and that great and intoler- 
 able nuisance, the custom house, would be swept 
 out of existence. In fact, we would get what in a 
 new country is the real source of prosperity — pop- 
 ulation, and without which population cannot pro- 
 fitably proceed. 
 
 Prosperity is universally the foundation of 
 loyalty. Contentment rests on prosperity, and 
 loyalty and prosperity go hand in hand. Our duty 
 is first to ourselves. 
 
 Were a union effected between Canada and the 
 United States, England would be a gainer. It 
 would remove forever all causes of friction between 
 herself and the States ; and everyone knows that, 
 in the event of trouble between Canada and Eng- 
 land, under present conditions, Canada would bie 
 the battle ground in a war which, result aa it 
 might, would not rebound to Kngland's glory or in- 
 crease her wealth. Union would be the meana of 
 ultimately cementing the Anglo-Saxon race through- 
 out the world. Then let ua join handa with our 
 neighbora, and in all friendlineaa to England, let ua 
 build up on thia continent the greateat nation in 
 the world. Upon the conaumniation of thia grand 
 purjiose we can honestly boaat that " a whole con- 
 tinent ia oura." 
 
15 
 
 Present Costorfivvernnient per 
 
 Capita In the United »tateH §3 00 
 
 Present Cost of Government per 
 Capita In Canada 8 00 
 
 Estimated Cost Under Proposed 
 
 Political Union « 00 
 
 WHAT SIR JOHN J. C. ABBOTT, PRESENT 
 
 PRIME MINISTER OF CANADA, 
 
 SAID IN 1849. 
 
 " The proposed (political) union (between Canada 
 and the United States) would render Canada a 
 field for American capital, with which it would 
 enter as freely for the prosecution of public works 
 and private enterprise as any of the present states. 
 It would ecjualizo the value of real estate upon 
 both sides of the boundary, thereby probably 
 doubling at once the entire value of property.in 
 Canada, whilst by giving stability to our insti- 
 tutions and introducing prosperity it would rise 
 our public, private and corporate credit. It would 
 increase our commerce, both with the United 
 States and foreign countries, and would not 
 necessarly dcniinish to any great extent our inter- 
 course with Great Britain, into which our products 
 would for the most part enter on the same terms 
 as at present. It would render our rivers and 
 canals the highway for the immigration to and the 
 exports from the west, to the invaluable bentit of 
 our country. It would also induce manufactnrers 
 into Canada as rapidly as they liavo been intro- 
 duced into the Northern States ; and to Lower 
 Canada especially, where water privileges and 
 labor are abundant and cheap, it would attract 
 manufacturing capital, enhancing the value of 
 property and agricultural produce, and giving 
 remunerative employment to what is at present a 
 comparatively non-supporting population. Nor 
 would the United States merely furnish the capital 
 for our manufacturers. They would also supply 
 for them the most extensive market in the world 
 without the intervention of custom house oilicers. 
 Railways would forthwith be constructed by 
 America as feeders for all the great lines now 
 approaching our frontiers, and railway enterprise 
 in general would doubtless be as active and pros- 
 peroub as among our neighbors. The value of our 
 agricultural impliments and many of the neces- 
 saries of life, such as tea, coffee and sugar, would 
 be greately reduced in price. The value of our 
 timber would also be greately enhanced by the 
 access to the American market, where it bears a 
 high price, but is subjected to an enormous duty." 
 
 Every thoughtful Canadian #ho has given the 
 question intelligent consideration cannot fail to 
 see the causes which made political union desirable 
 wb n Premier Abbott joined in singing the above 
 manifesto exists with aggravating intensity to-day. 
 
 For signing the above and for their active pro- 
 motion of political union, Sir (then Mr.) J. J. C. 
 
 Abbott; Sir (then Mr.) I>. L. Macpherson and a 
 number of other prominent young men were in 1840 
 deprived of their commissions as officers of the 
 volunteer militia and dismissed from the service. 
 
 But it is a very significant fact that .Sir John J. 
 C. Abbott never recanted or repudiated these state 
 nients. 
 
 Mr. W, R. Meredith, Q.C., M.P.P., leader of 
 the Majesty's loyal opposition, was also disndssed 
 at a later date, not for advocating political union, 
 but for declining to be a sub-servient time server. 
 
 Lieut. E. A. Macdonald was dismissed from the 
 militia service October 2nd, 189'J, for delivering 
 the foregoing address at Boston. 
 
 And is this the kind of liberty our fathers fougiit 
 and died for ? The friends of liberty demand and 
 tvill exerciae freedom of speech not only when they 
 take a popular side, but when they take any side 
 they see tit provided they do not transgress the 
 law. 
 
 IIf. Appkal.s into C.v.sar. 
 
 Mr. Maodonuld isabout to test the much vaunted 
 Brititili justice, as the following letter will show : — 
 
 TouoNTO, 3rd Nov., 1892. 
 
 Ca/ilaiii Geo. l''euneU, Xo, 1 Company, l,i liatt : — 
 
 SiK, — I am in receipt of an fe.\tract from the 
 Cana la Uazelte of Satuiday, October 29th, 1892, 
 and therein I find the following : — 
 
 " I2th Battalion of Infantry, York Rangers, O., 
 " No. 1 Company, Riverside. Lieutenant Ernest 
 " Albert Macdonald is dismissed from the service." 
 
 I appeal from the d«cree thus promulgated direct 
 to Her Majesty tlirougii her immedialt constitut- 
 ional advisers, on the ground that no cause existed 
 that would warrant such action, and upon the 
 ground that I am not subject to <lisini8sal except 
 for cause. No cause existed for my dismissal and 
 if any charge has been laiil against me I demand a 
 hearing and trial by court-iaartial. And I respect- 
 fully recjuest that you forward this communication 
 to Her Majesty's Home Government through tlie 
 proper channel ; and I would further ask that you 
 make no recommendation with a view to tilling the 
 alleged vacancy caused by my being illegally 
 deprived of my rank and conunand, pending the 
 final determination of the appeal . 
 
 Mr. Daltoii McCarthy, M.P., is out of the city 
 at present, and I wish to consult with him as 
 counsel in the matter. After further advising I 
 will take further and more formal procedure, 
 should any be necessary. 
 
 I have the honor to he. 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 E. A. Maodonai.I), 
 Lieut., No. I Co., Pith Batt. 
 
 N.B. — Mr. Macdonald claims that fully one- 
 third of the militia otticers are unionists including 
 persons of all ranks, and he claims that the only 
 effect of dragging politics into the militia will 
 be to totally demoralize it.