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^^hy I Joined the New Ci 
 
 I 4 PLEA FOli THP Pr i^r^r 
 
 I ^ ^ - /a PfUOmo OF TAXES ON 
 
 ; ^^^l) V ALU Ei^ ONLY 
 
 i^Y . 
 
 KTCIIAEI) T. LANCEFIKL 
 
 "The Faeh.rhood of (.'oj and r o -v. f > • ^ 
 
 TORONTO 
 
Why I Joined tl]e New Crusade 
 
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 .4 PLEA FOR THE PLACING OF TAKES ON 
 LAND VALUES ONLY 
 
 BY 
 
 RICHARD T. LANGEBIELD 
 
 " Th« Fatherhoocl of God and the Brotherhood of Man " 
 
 : 
 
 * TORONTO 
 
 (Jrip Printing and Publishing Company 
 
 1$88 
 
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 The address "' Why I joiyied the Neiv Crusade, ' 
 which was delivered recently be/ore the Anti-Poverty 
 Society, of Toronto, is, at the request of friends, 
 published in this form, with sojne additiojis. Single 
 copies may be had for W cents ; 12 copies for $1 ; 
 loO cojnc'tfor $/). Address the Publishers. ■ 
 
 • 
 
% 
 
WHY I JOINED THE NEW 
 
 CRUSADE. 
 
 THE CRUSADE8 ! What a Hood of 
 ineiiiories j iLslies before our mind's eyes 
 as we liear these words ! How they recall 
 iiieiiKjries of brave men who, Hlled with an 
 . lUKjuencliable enthusiasm and fired with a 
 holy zeal, left family, friends and fortune be- 
 hind, and went forward prepared to undertake 
 long and dreary marches, to undergo un- 
 known trials and dangers, and to overcome 
 seemingly insurmountable obstacles. And not 
 alone do they recall memories of brave men, 
 
 but, thank God, of brave and noble women 
 
 * 
 
 also — of the lowly serving woman who 
 brought her simple mite, and of the " dames 
 of high estate " who stripped their arms and 
 their bosoms of the jewels which bedecked 
 
6 Wli^i I Joined the New Gru^sade. 
 
 'm 
 
 them, and laid th'3ir costly olierings side \)y 
 side with those of their humbler sisters, so 
 that all might go to swell the funds for the 
 fui'thering of the one great object — that of 
 cleansing the land sacred to the memory of 
 the founder of our Christian dispensation, 
 from the polluting tread of the Saracen in- 
 vader. And now is it not a pertinent ques- 
 tion for us to ask, How comes it that more 
 than six hundred years after the last of those 
 old crusades — that after six centuries have 
 rolled along the pathway of time — a cry, a 
 bitter, wailing cry has gone forth for the; 
 preaching of a new crusade ; a cry that lias 
 echoed and re-echoed throughout the lands > 
 from mountain peak to fertile valley, from 
 ocean to ocean, from continent to continent, 
 until an answering cijy has arisen from the 
 commercial metropolis of this Western World 
 and a band of earnest, determined men have 
 raised the Cross of the New Crusade, and 
 have invited all lovers of their fellow-men j 
 irrespective of race, color, creed, sex, or nation- 
 ality, to enrol themselves under its banner. 
 
Why I Joined the New Crusade. 7 
 
 For over eighteen liundred years the Gospel 
 of Christ has been preached, and within the 
 hist few hundred years millions of copies of 
 God's Word have been circulated anion<r the 
 people, printed in almost every known tongue. 
 So deep rooted indeed is this reverence for the 
 Christianity of tlie New Testament, that im- 
 posing cathedrals and stately churches abound 
 in Christian lands, while hundreds of mission- 
 iiries have given, and are giving, the best years 
 of their lives in carrying the Gospel to be- 
 nighted heathens in far distant lands. But it 
 was the Master himself who said, " Bv their 
 fruits ye shall know them," and I propose to 
 inquire briefly into the result'^ of the teach- 
 ings of Christianity, and if those results are 
 found to fall lamentably short of what might 
 reasonably be looked for, then to extend our 
 inquiry further and seek for a reason for the. 
 failure, ^ 
 
 Within the covers of the Holy Bible, in 
 addition to its distinctly religious teachings, 
 we find many beautiful moral precepts, and 
 also many texts which, it would seem, were 
 
8 Why I Joined the New Critsade. 
 
 placed there to act as danger signals. for our 
 guidance as we journey along die highway of 
 life. Let us cull a few such froni the rich 
 granary in which they are stored. 
 
 Love thy neighbor as thyself. 
 
 Whatsoever ye would that men should do 
 unto you do you even so unto them. 
 
 And having food and raiment let us there- 
 with be content. 
 
 They that, will be rich fall into temptation 
 and a snare, for the love of monev is the root 
 of all evil. 
 
 Lay not up for yourseh es treasures upon 
 earth, wl.ere rust and moth doth corrupt and 
 where thieves break through and steal, but lay 
 up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where 
 neither rust nor moth doth corrupt, and where 
 thieves do not break through and steal. For 
 where our treasure is there will our heart be 
 also. ' 
 
 Labor not to be rich. 
 
 Give me neither poverty nor riches. 
 
 Nor must we forget to mention that beautiful 
 and simple, yet eloquent, Sermon on the Mour^t, 
 
Whv I Joined the New Crusade. 
 
 9 
 
 and that grandest of all poems in the whole 
 range of our literature, the Lord's Prayer, in 
 which Christ's command is to say Our Father 
 — thus emphasizing the universality of the 
 Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of 
 Man, in coutra-distinction to the narrow- 
 mindedness and selfishness of the personal 
 My Father. And now let us take a young 
 man who has attended Sunday school and has 
 learned these and many other texts breathing 
 love end charity alike to God and man. In 
 the course of a few years the time comes 
 when, in the natural course of events, he is 
 sent adrift on the ocean of ^business life. And 
 then, alas, how soon is he undeceived ! How 
 soon is he rudely awakened to the fact that 
 the teachings of his Sunday school days are 
 but a mockery, for he finds not alone men of 
 the world, but even professing Cliristians, 
 men belonging to the Cliristian churches, 
 living far distant from the simple teachings of 
 the Christian religion, and who, when taxed 
 with their seeming duplicity, meet one with 
 the answer that those are very good doctrines, 
 
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10 Why I Joined ike Nevo Grasade. 
 
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 and that whikvthey believe in all of them and 
 live up to some of them, others a>'e totally im- 
 practicable in this intensely practical age ! 
 And no doubt in one sense their excuse may 
 be valid enough ; for let us but look around 
 and see the intensity of competition on every 
 hand — in every profession, in k^^vevy line of 
 business, in every branch of trade — a struggle 
 and a competition so keen, and becoming 
 more and more so unscrupulous, as to force 
 — yes, absolutely f )rce — men to look out fur 
 themselves, and take no heed of who falls l)y 
 the wayside, or who is trampled uprm, or who 
 suffers, or who lives, or wdio dies, so long as 
 ihey mount the ladder and get beyond the 
 fear of poverty. 
 
 And not only is the business worl<l affected 
 by this insensate race for w^ealth, by this con- 
 stant struggle against poverty, but even the 
 sacred altars of God's temples are profaned. 
 A clever minister is discovered in a small citv, 
 and straightway an offer of a largely in- 
 creased salary causes that minister to an- 
 nounce that God has called him to a larirer 
 
Why 1 Joined the New Crusade. 11 
 
 field of labor — though, strangely enough, that 
 larger field of labor is invariably found to be 
 among a wealthy congregation, rather than 
 among the poverty-stricken and the oppressed. 
 And how many can bear witness to the scan- 
 dal and reptoach to religion that has resulted 
 from such conduct as this ! Again, leaving 
 out of consideration for the present the fact 
 that some of the clergy in the old lands are in 
 receipt of princely incomes, we find that in 
 this Western World the rector of Trinitv 
 Church, in New York cit}^ has an income of 
 $15,000 a year ; other Protestant ministers in 
 that same city have incomes of $10,000, some 
 $15,000, and some even $20,000 a year. 
 Thousands upon thousands of dollars have 
 been expended in the erection and beautifying 
 of the magnificent marble cathedral on Fiftli 
 avenue, while the Konian Catholic Archbishop 
 lives in a beautiful marble palace behind it. 
 And yet, within gunshot of all these evidences 
 •of wealth on the part of God's ministers — 
 while these ministers of Christ are living in 
 the midst of plent}^, and surrounded by in- 
 
 
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 Why I Joined the New Crusade. 
 
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 fluences that are elevating, ennobling and 
 purifying — thousands of God's children — 
 strong men, weak women and innocent little 
 ones — are living in the midst of a poverty 
 that is bitter and cruel, of a degradation and 
 vice that is absolutely appalling to contem- 
 plate, and surrounded by influences that are 
 debasing and degrading in every sense. - 
 
 The wise Solomon has said, " By the fear of 
 the Lord men depart from evil," but does not 
 our experience teach us that we may alter 
 that text and make it read, " Bv the fear of 
 poverty men depart from the Lord " ? For 
 aside from what many of us know from our 
 own personal experience, are not the papers 
 daily recording innumerable instances of men 
 who, in their haste to be rich, by their fear of 
 poverty, are drawn into evil just as surely as 
 the needle is attracted by the magnet ? * In- 
 deed, it is not too much to say that there is an 
 universal spirit of mistrust abroad. There 
 was a good old saying that a man's word w^as 
 as good as his bond, but in these degenerate 
 days men think a groat deal more of a man's 
 
Why I Joined the New Crusade, 1*] 
 
 bond than they do of his word — not that they 
 doubt the word, but nevertheless tliey take 
 good care to secure the signature as well as 
 the word ! 
 
 \Now, considering the thousands of noble 
 men who have given their energies and intel- 
 lects to the service of the Church ; consider- 
 ing tlie millions of money that have been 
 spent in Church work ; jconside ring the in- 
 numerable churches and charitable, temper- 
 ance, benevolent, prohibition, moral reform, 
 and other societies and institutions— alHvork- 
 ing in behalf of the spiritual, moral, or tem- 
 poral interests of humanity — considering all 
 these things, surely, unless there is something 
 radically wrong, we should with all these 
 agencies at work begin to see society getting 
 better year by year. And yet, what are the 
 facts ? People who have given this subject 
 attention, who have made personal investiga- 
 tions, tell us candidly and soberly that instead 
 of getting better things are going from bad to 
 worse. Referring to Great Britain, we are 
 told " that seething in the very centre of our 
 
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14 Why I Joined ike New Crusade. 
 
 great cities, concealed by the thinnest crust of 
 civilization and decency, is a vast mass of 
 moral corruption, of heart-breaking misery 
 and absolute godlessness. 
 
 " Whilst we have been building our churches 
 and solacing ourselves with our religion and 
 dreaming that the millennium was coming, the 
 poor have been growing poorer, the wretched 
 more miserable, and the immoral more corrupt. 
 The gulf has been daily widening which sepa- 
 rates the lowest classes of the community from 
 our Churches and from all decency and civiliz- 
 ation. 
 
 "We must face the facts, and these compel 
 the conviction, that this terrible flood of sin 
 and misery is gaining on us. This statement 
 is made as the result of a long, patient and 
 sober inquiry, undertaken for the purpose of 
 discovering the actual state of the case. 
 
 " So far from making the worst of our facts 
 for the purpose of appealing to the emotion, 
 we have been compelled to tone down every- 
 thing, and wholly to omit what most needs to 
 be known, or the ears and eyes of our readers 
 would have been insufferably outraged." ^ 
 
Why I Joined the Ne-w Crusade. 15 
 
 Who tliat has ever lived in London — and 
 has visited the Slums of that <?r^t citv or 
 even read of how tens of thousands live there 
 — of the pestilential dens of filth and immor- 
 ality to which our system of society condemns 
 them, can ever cease to pray and work for 
 some plan which shall do away with such an 
 awful blot on our civilization. 
 
 And if this is the " Bitter Cry of Outcast 
 London," is it any better in this newer world ? 
 Let us cross on the bosom of the broad Atlan- 
 tic, and as we sail up the harbor to New York 
 we shall pass a gigantic statue — Liberty en- 
 lightening the world—the Goddess of Liberty 
 holding aloft the flaming torch of truth and 
 justice. Justice, did 1 say ? Ah, no, for what 
 a mockery of justice it is, which will tolerate 
 such industrial slavery as is found in free 
 America to-day ! Men condemned to slave day 
 after day at the hardest toil for a pittance 
 barely sufficient to keep body and soul to- 
 gether—w^omen condemned to stitch, stitch at 
 the sewing machine for twelve and fourteen 
 hours out of the twenty -four; and no matter 
 
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 III 
 
 1 6 Why I Joined the Nerv Crusade. 
 
 how deep a reverence these people may have 
 had in the existence, in the power, and in the 
 justice of an Ahnighty God, can we wonder at 
 them, as the long dreary hours go by day after 
 day and lindo them still at their thankless 
 tasks, with no hope of relief in the present or 
 in the future, crying out in bitterness and 
 sorrow : 
 
 God in Heaven, can it be ! 
 Canst thou look down and such things see ? 
 Why dost thou not thy power put forth, 
 And smite our oppressors in thy wrath? 
 
 But it is not alone from the abject poor that 
 this bitter cry goes forth. Men in every stage 
 of society are crying out to be relieved from 
 the pressure put upon them by the fierce and 
 terri})le competition which is engendered by 
 our present system of society. And is it not 
 a pitiful thing to contemplate that, living as 
 we are in the full sunlight of this glorious 
 nineteenth century, with its many wonderful 
 labor-saving inventions and still more wonder- 
 ful discoveries in the arts and sciences, we find 
 that while the rich are growing richer the poor 
 
Why 1 Joined the New Crusade. 17 
 
 are growiDg poorer— the ver}^ thing that Christ 
 warned us to guard against— and that side by 
 ^ide with the colossal fortunes of New York, 
 Chicago or London we see such cruel poverty 
 and absolute want ? 
 
 Now, why is this ? What is the reason ? 
 Some people say it is on account of tlie "smart- 
 ness " of some and the intemperance of the 
 poor. But think a moment and see if this is 
 really »k\ After describing the frightful hov- 
 els which the landlords of London allow theii- 
 unfortunate tenants to occupy, the author of 
 'The Bitter Cry of (Jutcist London" savs : 
 " That people condemned to exist under such 
 circumstances take to drink and fall into sin 
 is surely a matter for little surprise." Yes, 
 yes, intemperance is a great evil, but it does 
 not go to the root of the question. - Sweep the 
 liquor traffic entirely out of existence, if that 
 were possible, and, under existing conditions, 
 you would play directly into the hands of the 
 landowners, as they never fail to raise rents 
 the moment they see the tenants becoming 
 more prosperous ; while with land still locked 
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 18 Why I Joivcil fhr New Criimide. 
 
 up in tlie haixlsof private owners, competition 
 would b< even keener than it is at "present. 
 What, then, is tlie reason ? Other people will 
 say : Oh, it is the laziness and improvidence 
 of the poor. Ah, yes, this is one of the prin- 
 cipal arguments of a large class of honest- 
 minded people. But let us see if it is true. 
 When people have gone into the places where 
 these poor people exist — for they cannot' be 
 called homes in which they live — they have, as 
 an actual fact, found women in London work- 
 ing seventeen hours, and receiving therefor the 
 princely sum of 7d. — 14 cents — and children 
 have been found making match boxes, work- 
 ing fourteen hours and earning 4d. — 8 cents — 
 while a comparative state of starvation pay 
 for long weary hours of labor exists in New 
 York. What a cruel mockery it is then, to 
 talk of laziness and improvidence in the face 
 of such facts as these ! 
 
 And because we are trying to put an end 
 to such a crying injustice as this, and to pre- 
 vent such a state of affairs from ever cursing 
 this fair Dominion of ours, men sneer and scoff 
 at us. But we know that right must event- 
 
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Why I Joined the New Crusade. 19 
 
 ually triuiiipli over might, and therotore, to 
 (juote one of Sankey's beautiful hymns, we 
 
 shall — ^ , ,. . , 
 
 Dare to be a Daniel, 
 
 Dare to stand alone, 
 
 Dare to have a purpose firm, ' " ' 
 
 Dare to make it knowft*. 
 
 But again then we ask, what is the reason ? 
 Was Christ an impracticable dreamer ? Is 
 it impossibk^ to carry the Golden Rule into 
 <'very-day life ? We who have joined the 
 New Crusade send back an answer in thun- 
 der tones and say, No, ten thousand times, 
 No ! Christ was no mere idle dreamer, and 
 it is possible to bring the Golden Rule 
 within the regime of daily life. But hovf? 
 We answer: primarily,* by freeing nWnaiv- 
 
 * The governmental ownership of railways and tele- 
 giai)hs, and the municipal ownership of street railways, 
 gas, and other similar public enterprises, that are in their 
 uature monopolies, and that are dependent on the use of 
 j_)ublid highways and streets, are secondary reforms which 
 the people are agitating for, and which will no doubt soon 
 be conceded. The Government now own and work the 
 telegraph lines in England, and there is no reason why the 
 Canadian Government should not own the telegraph lines 
 in Canada. Similarly, the municipality of Toronto now 
 supplies the citizens with water, and the sooner it acquires 
 (jontrol of the street car lines and the supply of gas, the 
 better, for the citizens will then be supplied with an equal 
 and even a better service at a less cost. 
 
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 20 Why J Joined the Npav Cruf^adf. 
 
 ral opportunities, and tliis will hv done hy 
 raising all taxes from land values instead 
 of taxing improvements and personalty, as we 
 do at present. 1 am quite aware that the 
 present system of land holding has a strong 
 hold on the minds of the people, largely on 
 account of tlie sacredness which is imparted to 
 it by thinking it has been in vogue for such a 
 long period ; and yet I venture to assert that 
 any one who studies the history of land-hold- 
 ing in Englard will be very forcibly struck 
 with the fact that the present system is not 
 nearly so ancient as is commonly supposed. 
 We claim, again, that the present terrible army 
 of paupers, whose numbers are so great as to 
 wring nearly $80,000,000 yearly for their sup- 
 port from the pockets of tlje English people, 
 is an outcome and a result of the present 
 method of land -holding.* 
 
 *The following statistics are taken from Whittaker'ss 
 
 Almanac for 1887, and may be relied upon as accurate : — 
 
 No. of J 'am- rate 
 
 Paupers. let- led. 
 
 In Eug'and : ; v^PvrV; . . . . 813,014 £14 501,841 
 
 In Scotland 92,813 838,03o 
 
 In Ireland 442,289 1, 104,802 
 
 1,348.116 £16,444,681 
 
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Why I Joined the New Gvumde. 21 
 
 Bufc in spite ol' the growth of tlie idea of 
 private ownership of land, from which only a 
 ))(>rtion of the taxes are derived, the State has 
 never abandoned its right of eminent domain 
 a8 the real owner over land in possession of 
 tlie people ; and acting on the idea that no 
 man or pretended owner of the land is moi-e 
 than a tenant at will, the State to this day 
 takes the land froin the owner, and not at his 
 own price, ])ut at an assessed value, and gives 
 it to a railway or other coi'poration, the niem- 
 )»ers of whicli are supposed to be acting for the 
 general good. ' ' '-' ■ ''^^' • •' '"•' ■'"''■ ■^■'-' ' '■'"••'" ''■•■' *''^■'■ 
 
 But you may ask — why tell us of the vice 
 ind poverty of other countries, when we have 
 nothing of the same nature here ? I answer, 
 Ijecause we have the same conditions at work 
 liere which have hrouo^ht about this state of 
 aifairs elsewhere — the private ownership of 
 land. 
 
 Are not these figures a terrible commentary upon our 
 advancing Christian civilization? And the allowing of one 
 portion of the community to appropriate certain portions 
 of the Und of this planet, and to say that they " own " 
 that land is unquestionably the prime factor in the pro- 
 duction of the professional paupers of the Old and the 
 professional tramps of the New World. 
 
L..^^mmmmmim 
 
 22 Why I Joined the New Orusade. 
 
 H! I 
 
 I, 
 
 H 
 
 : . 
 
 And l'3t us see now if the same conditions 
 have not already pi-oduced similar results here 
 in proportion to population. See how in cei* 
 tain portions of this city people are packed 
 close together — too close for religion, virtue 
 and sobriety to flourish, and the consequence 
 is that just as rents rise and the people are 
 packed in closer quarters, crime and pauper- 
 ism increase. Mayor Howland, of this city, is 
 not known as an advocate of the land tax 
 theory, iiiid yet he sees the gross injustice and 
 cruel w^'ongs of the present system — may he 
 soon see that we are offerinp' the onlv true 
 solution of the problem ! On November ^0, 
 1887, Mayor Howland appeared before the 
 Eoyal Labor Commission to give evidence, and 
 in the course of his remarks he said, talking 
 of sewing women (I quote from the report of 
 the Toronto Mail, of Decomber 1st,) : " He had 
 seen cases which would make a man's blootl 
 boil — women struggling to support life by 
 working till all hours at night. Unless we 
 have Government protection things would 
 work out here as they had done in East 
 London." 
 
 Ml i< 
 
Why I Joined the New Crusade. 23 
 
 
 God forbid, say I, that it should be so, and 
 yet under existing conditions, such a state of 
 things will come, as surely as light follows 
 the darkness 1 But fortunately Mayor How- 
 land himself supplies the key which will, I 
 trust,, open his eyes and let in such a flood of 
 light that the truth will be sent home with a 
 force which will be irresistible. Listen now to 
 another statement Mayor Howland made : 
 " The practice of putting dwellings on the 
 front and rear of lots should be stopped." Ah, 
 yes, there is the secret. By levying only a 
 portion df the taxes on the land, we encour- 
 age people to '' hold " land, even near the cen- 
 tj'es of cities and towns. This creates a seem- 
 ing scarcity of land, and causes grasping land- 
 lords to build on the back as well as the front 
 of lots, and as cities grow they even improve 
 on this and build the cursed tenement houses ; 
 and the moment this is done, the moment these 
 poor people are herded together as though 
 land was scarce, that moment you lay the 
 foundation for the superstructure of misery, 
 vice and crime which is giving society so 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 f 
 
^T" 
 
 24 
 
 Why I Joined the New Grusade, 
 
 m 
 
 If 
 
 M ! 
 
 i! 
 
 • much trouble to-day ; and that moment yon 
 prepare the way for the arising of cases which, 
 as Mayor Rowland so graphically and truth- 
 fully puts it, " would make a man's blood 
 boil." Wonder not, then, that our blood doei< 
 boil; and that, believing we have the key to 
 the proVjlem, we are determined to leave no 
 stone unturned until thi . injustice shall be 
 swept away. 
 
 Again, to show that we are fast laying the 
 foundation for a state of pauperism, which will 
 under existing conditions steadily increase as 
 our population increases, I will cite a report of 
 a recent meeting (held on December 6, 1887,) 
 of the Toronto Relief Society, at which we 
 read : " Many distressing cases were reported, 
 and help voted for their relief." It may be 
 . true that no poor rate is levied in Canada, but 
 "the same conditions being at work here as 
 where a poor rate is levied, the same results 
 are found, and many thousands of dollars are 
 collected and distributed yearly by the various 
 benevolent associations for the relief of the 
 poor, even in this our good city of Toronto, 
 which is pointed at with pride by so many as 
 
Why I Joined the New Crusade, 25 
 
 ii pattern and a model among the many cities 
 of this western world. 
 
 If, then, all taxes were placed on land values, 
 more land would be brought into cultivation 
 and use ; men could not then afford, as they 
 do now, to hold vacant lands in populous 
 centres, — letting them lie fallow^y^waiting for a 
 rise in price, — but they would have to put 
 them to good use ; so that putting all taxes on 
 land values would vastly stimulate the building 
 of houses, and would do away almost entirely 
 with the present tonement-house system, where 
 the poor are cooped up and live worse even 
 than the savages of Africa. A competent wit- 
 ness, who made personal investigation of th« 
 facts, states that : " On one point there can be 
 no doubt. Not Africa in its most pestilential 
 and savage aspect holds surer disease or more 
 
 determined barbarians than nest together under 
 many a roof within hearing of the rush and roar 
 
 of the busy streets where men come and go, eager 
 for no knowledge or wisdom save the know- 
 ledge that will make them better bargainers." * 
 
 * Mrs. Helen Campbell in Prisoners of Poverty. Published 
 by Roberts Bros., Bostorn. 
 
 I 
 
 »» 
 
 I'? 
 
 i (. 
 
 t 1 
 
26 Why I Joined the New Crusade. 
 
 We spend thousands of dollars in sending 
 missionaries to carry the Gospel of Salvation 
 to heathen lands, while at home, through our 
 present conditions of society, men are turning 
 their backs on that religion in thousands, 
 hirgejy because they see that under these con- 
 ditions it is simply impossible for men to live 
 up to that religion, and" we have only to look 
 around us to have evidence that men are not 
 doing so. 
 
 And now see how in the past landlords have 
 had everything their own way. Note the safe- 
 guards that have been thrown around tlie most 
 valuable of all commodities. You want to buy 
 a horse — you go to a dealer, pay your money, 
 get your horse, and the l)argain is closed. But 
 if you want to buy some land, you will find it 
 is not to be settled in such a simple manner. 
 Your legal friend steps in, and there are ever 
 so many formalities to be observed before the 
 »sale is closed. Whichever way you look at it, 
 you are confronted with the fact that the land 
 is absolutely the only thing that is sure and 
 ceroain of all kinds of property. Banks are 
 
 ' :' 
 
 I i 
 
Why I Joined the New Crusade. 27 
 
 •Si 
 
 1 
 
 liable to " burst "—gas stocks "inay explode — 
 dry ^oods depreciate by reason of a freak of 
 fashion — but the man who has lost money on 
 a first mortgage on land is so rare a bird that 
 I verily believe Barnum would pay him a gooj 
 round salary to go on exhibition as a curiosity ! 
 
 And while speaking of mortgages, think of 
 the millions of money which are invested in 
 real property in Canada alone, very much of 
 it being sent from abroad for this purpose. 
 
 Now we hear a good deal of talk these days 
 about the "loyalty" cry, and the cry of Canada 
 for the Canadians is often heard. For myself* 
 I strongly believe in that cry, but I go further 
 than many, and say it is high time that we 
 awoke to the true meaning of the expression. 
 Let us see that Canada is kept for Canadians, 
 and with this idea in mind, let us brush aside 
 with as little delay as may be any laws which, 
 in the future at least, will allow a foreigner, 
 or even a non-resident, — be he English, Scotch, 
 Irish or French, — to say he ownn one foot of 
 land in our fair Dominion, or to derive any 
 revenue therefrom. 
 
 i^r 
 
 
 ! 1 
 
 i ( 
 
w 
 
 iiii 
 
 iiilHi i 
 
 i f 
 
 ;l I I 
 
 ! I i 
 
 M i 
 
 ii ! ( 
 
 28 Why I Joined lite New Crusade. 
 
 I repeat that it is our present system of 
 putting only a portion of the taxes on land 
 that encourages men to " hold " it, to the de- 
 triment of the community ; and this holding 
 of God's natural opportunities is the primary 
 cause of the. foolish race for wealth and con- 
 sequent unrest in society to-day. 
 
 This, then, is why I joined the New Crusade. 
 Because the object of that Crusade is the free- 
 ing of God's natural opportunities from the 
 grasp of men who will not, or can not, or do 
 not use them properly. These natural oppor- 
 tunities once freed, we believe an immense im- 
 petus will be given to business in every legiti- 
 mate line. What cruelty to have people in our 
 large cities half -starving in the midst of plenty ! 
 What folly to hear of wlieat and potatoes be- 
 ing scarce, with millions of acres of virgin 
 soil yet untouched by the plough, and only 
 waiting to yield the harvest to the husband- 
 man ! What worse than folly to talk of coal 
 being scarce or high priced, or of the possibili- 
 ties of a coal famine, with millions of tons of 
 the dusky diamonds lying in the bosom of 
 
IW'J 
 
 Why I Joined the New Crusade. 29 
 
 niDther earth, and strong men, with brawny 
 arms bared to the elbow, leaning on pick and 
 shovel, waiting and even begging to be allowed 
 to dig them up, but who are held back by a 
 tew " coal barons," who, ensconsed in their 
 cosily furnished offices in the city, have, for- 
 sooth, decided to " limit production," or to 
 offer the men such a miserable pittance in re- 
 turn for their toil, that their self-respect causes 
 them to rebel against such a manifest injustice.* 
 Give men but the opportunity to get at these 
 natural opportunities, and peace and plenty 
 will reign, where now discord and scarcity 
 hold high carnival ; then there will be no need 
 for men to scheme and plot to secure an advan- 
 tage one over the other ; then men willing to 
 work will get a fair day s pay foi' a fair day's 
 work ; no longer will weeping women — the 
 bright and shining stars of our social |irmament 
 — be forced to long and dreary hours of toil 
 no longer will innocent children — the future 
 hope of our nation — be done to death or stunted 
 in physical, moral and spiritual growth by 
 
 * See appendix V What about Canadian Coal Lands ? " 
 
 Ui' 
 
 f ! 
 
^ 
 
 I 1 
 
 :! i i! 
 
 ! I 
 
 !!! 
 
 i 
 
 1 ! 
 
 III n 
 
 I ! 
 
 ill; 
 
 30 Why I Joined the Neiv Crusade. 
 
 « 
 overwork, hardship or privation — but plenty, 
 
 peace and happiness will reign, and the dawn 
 of the long-Jooked-for millennium will have ap- 
 peared. Thousands who have lost, and other 
 thousands who are fast losing, all faith in God 
 or man, wnll ask: Is this the dream of an en- 
 thusiast ? To such we answer : No, it is no 
 dream ; ai|d to' Christian, doubter and disbe- 
 liever alike we say : With your iH.^lp it may 
 'become an actual reality. We all know that 
 Christian, Moral Reformer and Philanthropist 
 have tried their best under present conditions 
 and disheartening failure meets them at every 
 turn. Why not, then, come with us ? instead 
 of scoffing at our plan, study it and then argue 
 it with us. 
 
 Knowing, as we do, that our plan is founded 
 on the God-given and eternal principles of truth 
 and justice, we believe it must and will pre- 
 vail ; then men will see that the teachings of 
 Christ were no dreams, but simple and beau- 
 tiful realities. And is not this somethino- to 
 work for, something to light for ? Do you 
 wonder that we are enthusiastic — that our 
 
 * ! 
 
Why I Joined the New CriMade. 31 
 
 souls are tilled with a lire that will not let us 
 rest until our object is attained. Like the 
 Crusaders of old, our watchword and our war- 
 cry may well be : Deu,s Vnlt — God wills it ! 
 But, unlike those old Ci'usaders, we need no 
 helmet of steel, or coat of mail, or trusty sword . 
 or lance : for we are clothed with that which 
 is more impenetrable even than steel — the con- 
 sciousness of working in a righteous cause ; 
 while for weapon we have the ballot, a weapon 
 which, when properly used, will strike as deep 
 and deadly a blow against wrong and oppres- 
 sion of every kind as was ever dealt at an 
 o[)ponent by sword or lance in the hands of 
 visored warrior or plumed knight. Nor, unlike 
 tliose old Crusaders, is it a memory only that 
 we are struggling for, but, as I have already 
 stated, it is for the relief of our brethren in the 
 rtesh — of the men, women and children who, 
 by reason of unjust laws, are condemned to 
 lives of slavery worse even than the chattel 
 slavery of by -gone days. Our fathers knocked 
 the chains from otf the limbs of those unfortu- 
 nates — shall we not do our utmost to loose the 
 shackles which confine society to-day ? 
 
 
 l! / 
 
,12 
 
 Why T Joined the Nev) Crfu^ade. 
 
 -, ! 
 
 
 i! * 
 
 'I ! 
 
 1! 
 
 I I 
 
 I I 
 
 Lik,e a noble ship which has put to sea and 
 finds after leaving port that some part of its 
 machinery is displaced, and through this dis- 
 placement the vessel is pitched and tossed 
 about at the mercy of the wind and waves, 
 until she puts back or reaches another port 
 and has the deficiencies set right, so it is with 
 our society to-day. This planet of ours is 
 sailing through the illimitable ocean of space, 
 but though the weather is fair, we are in deep 
 distress and we know^ tliere is Honieiliinij 
 wrong. See you not that nature rebels be- 
 cause we have allowed natural opportunities 
 to \)(i' appropriated by private individuals at 
 the expense of their fellows ! Put an end to 
 this injustice and society will right itself. We 
 ask not nor do w^e look for any favors ; but , 
 what we do want — what we are working for, 
 and wh'at, w^th the aid of God and man, and 
 woman too, w^e know^ will yet come — is this, n 
 fair field for all and favors for none. 
 
 In our churches we shall soon be singing oui* 
 beautiful Christmas chants and hymns. 
 
 1 1 
 
 ! ! 
 
Why I Joined the Neiv Crusade. 3.^ 
 
 Hark the herald angels sing 
 Glory to the uew-born King ! 
 Peace on earth and mercy mild, 
 (irod and sinners reconciled. 
 
 Ah, yes, we sliall sing of " Peace on earth," 
 but well we know there is a feeling of unrest 
 abroad such as there never was before. See 
 to it, brethren, that we stand united, shoulder 
 to shoulder, foot to foot, working to bring 
 aboob such a chan«:e in society that all men 
 may then join in the joyous anthem, be- 
 cause then there will be peace on earth such as 
 men can only dream of at present, but which 
 may and must become an assured fact ! 
 
 A.nd though there have been mai'tyrs in this 
 as in every good cause — though selfishness, 
 cupidity, ignorance, love of riches and other 
 similar interests may seem to block our path- 
 way and retard our work, let us not falter oj- 
 become weak-hearted ; but rather let us push 
 forward with renewed energy, renewing our 
 strength by recalling the words of a well 
 known writer of sacred song : . , 
 
 And when the strife is fierce, the warfare long, - -r' - 
 Steals on the ear the distant triumph song, 
 And hearts are brave again, and anns are strong. 
 
 —Alleluia ! 
 
 \<'t 
 
 I 
 
M 
 
 Appetidix. 
 
 i • 
 
 1 
 
 iii 
 
 ! In 
 
 WHAT ABOUT CANADIAN COAL LANDS? 
 
 The following extracts are from au articl<" 
 by Henry George in the Standard of Nov. 19, 
 1887:— 
 
 The strike in the Lehigh Valley coal region still continues. 
 The miners are asking for a pitiful increase of eight per cent, 
 upon a scale of wages whi'jh just barely enables them to live. 
 Any one who visits the Lehign valley, even in ordinary; times, 
 will see that the higiily protected American laborer, in this 
 part of Pennsylvania at least, is hardly, if at all, better off 
 than the poorest class in western Ireland. And now, witli 
 fifteen thousand men out of employment, the region is as 
 though swept by the abomination of desolation, 
 
 Labor of 
 
 itself is perfectly helpless in these Pennsylvania coal fields, 
 because the laborer has no legal right whatever to the use of 
 land, the indispensable natural element of human life and 
 human production. There is enough unused coal land in this 
 region to give employment to a far greater number than the 
 men who are now standing idle because they cannot agree on 
 a matter of wages with their employers. But this land, 
 though unused, is all held in private ownership, and although 
 neither the miners themselves nor any one who wanted to em 
 ploy them in mining coal could get 'permission to use this land 
 witliout paying for it a very high price, it is taxed at purely 
 nominal rates— land worth thousands of dollars per acre pay- 
 ing taxes at the rate of seventeen cents per acre. 
 
 , . . . In this 
 
 region one rnay hear just such stories of individual tyranny 
 find oppression as may, or perhaps, rather, could some year^ 
 
Appendix. 
 
 35 
 
 n this 
 yraiiny 
 yeai^ 
 
 ago have been heard m western Ireland, with th»^- addition of 
 stories of robbery by .the pluck-nie Htores, at which, in de 
 fiance of the Pennsylvania law designed to prevent this a>»UHO, 
 tlu- miners on some of the coal estatew an? yet cfmipelled to 
 trade. Under tliis t<tate of tliinjfs labor combinatiourf are the 
 only means by which the coal miner can prevent himself from 
 being utterly crowded to the wall and strikes his only weai)on. 
 He has not yet learned to use the ballot, and is only in some 
 canes waking up to the fact that a man without any right to 
 une land is as unnatural a thing as a Hsh without water. 
 
 The 
 work of the coal mmer is exceedingly hard and dangerous, 
 and as it is carried on makes men old and broken tlown long 
 hefore their time. Yet the average pay in the anthracite coal 
 rcdons of the much- pro tt^cted state of Pennsvlvania, which 
 cnght to be a paradise for workingmen if high tariffs could 
 really i)rotect labor, only amount, according t() tho report of 
 tix' Pennsylvania bureau of industrial statistics for 1885, to 
 S().()7 per week. The wages, for an eight per cent, increase 
 on which the Lehigh miners have afcruck, amount to about 
 thirty-nine cents for the mining of a cubic ton of coal, while 
 the royalty paid to the owners of the coal in this district, 
 wnen mines are worked or leased from the owner, will aver- 
 ROT nearly if not quite fifty cents per market ton. The bulk 
 of the coal increases with the breaking, and thus, while the 
 miner who works in danger and darkness under the surface 
 of the earth gets thirty-nine cents for mining a certain quan- 
 tity of coal, the mere owner — not the operator, who fuvnishei 
 capital and machinery, but the mere owner, who as owner 
 does nothing whatever to aid in the production of coal— gets 
 Hoine sixty-two and a half cents for giving his gracious per- 
 miission to break that much coal out of the vein in whicn il 
 v,u8 implanted ages before man camej^^on the earth. 
 
 \<t 
 
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 /.. 
 
 >• " 
 
i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 ! 
 
 
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 mimii 
 
 
 li i 
 
 ii'iii 
 
 hj 
 
 I 
 
 36 
 
 A >^'pendix. 
 
 The Lund Question in a NutshelL 
 
 Itev. H. 0. Pentecost in New Jermy Uniorist. 
 
 Who made the land ? The Creator. Then it belongs to 
 flim, and since we find it here and it is necessary to human 
 life, it muat be here for the use of all, and not a few. 
 
 Who made the hor.se, the waggon, the watch, the shovel, 
 and other products of industry ? An individual man either 
 made them or exchanged other products of industry for them. 
 Then they are his. They constitute property. Tney should 
 not be taxed. The state did not produce them, does not own 
 them, and should not have them or any part of them. 
 
 Who made the value of land ? No one individual, but 
 everybody in general. The presence of population —the com- 
 munity — produces land values. Then land values belong to 
 no otie in particular, but to everybody in general — the com- 
 munity — and should go into the public treasury to defray 
 public expenses. 
 
 The land belongs to God. It may be used bv him who 
 needs it. 
 
 Products of industry belong to him who produces them or 
 exchanges olhe»" j)roducts for them. 
 
 Land values belong to the community. 
 
 Were the land left free to the use of all, were the }>roduct8 
 of industry left untaxed, were land values turned into the 
 public treasury, we should have a just social system, govern 
 raent without taxation, poverty abolished, because with the 
 opportunity opened to him to go upon the land if he chose no 
 man would vork for less than he could make for himself by 
 working land. 
 
 Land would be free, capital would be free, labor would be 
 free. 
 
 There would be no millionaires and no tramps. 
 There svould be a full general treasury in town county, 
 state, nation, out of which money could be freelv spent in all 
 manner of public improvements, which, of itself, would em- 
 ploy the millions who are now idle. 
 
 This can all be brought about by making laws to relieve all 
 products of industry from taxation, place taxes on land values 
 alonej and then raise them until the full rencal value of th« 
 land i« tak«n. 
 
 ^li! 
 
 Mi! ; 
 
 !|IM 
 
 i I i! f 
 
Appendin'. 
 
 87 
 
 ' in 
 
 SUGGESTIVE PARAGRAPHS. 
 
 The farmer who is told that the single tax on land values 
 is designed to increase his burdens while lightening those of 
 the bloated monopolists and aristocrats, ought to stop and ask 
 why in thunder the bloated monopolists and aristocrats are 
 not now howling for it. It is not the fashion for them to fight 
 things that increase their power or lighten their burdens.— 
 Vincennes, Ind., News. 
 
 "Mr. Georije is fortunate in havmg discovered the Crea- 
 tor's intentions," says the Sun, and adds : " Weak, credulous 
 people who still put faith in the Bible, suppose that the Crea- 
 tor mtended that man should eat bread in the sweat of his 
 brow." But the amount of sweat that some people, the 
 Astors, for example, have to shed in order to eat biead will 
 never seriously weaken their constitutions. —iSoston Globe. 
 
 ^ho are the patrons of the saloons, if not the poor ? Why 
 is it that the poor frequent them and the rich do not, except 
 that poverty dej)rives its subjects of the creature comforts and 
 surroundings which the rich find in their homes. The society 
 and companionship which the rich find in their parlors, too 
 many of the poor seek in front of the bar. This, of course, 
 does not show that intemperance does not produce poverty 
 and misery, but ic does show that were the poor prosperous, 
 tlie saloons would suffer. —Auburn Bulletin. 
 
 A reporter of the New York Sun has been making a trip 
 over the Lehigh Valley Railroad to Mauch Chunk and Glen 
 Onoko. From one of the firm of Mumford Bros., who run the 
 celebrated Switchback Railroad, he obtained the following 
 Information : ** Where was the first coal discovered ?" '* Right 
 over there. Philip Ginter, a regular Rip Van Winkle Ger- 
 man, picked it up five minutes' walk from here in 1791. In 
 1812 the Senator from Schuykill prone unced the co:'l worth- 
 less. In 1817 the land was leased for an ear of corn. Now 
 800,000,000 tons of coal lie untouched here. They are the 
 property of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. One 
 vein, 160 feet wide, just found, is 400 feet deep, and extend « 
 half a mile at least." 
 
 
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 , V 
 
 \; 
 
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 ^ 
 
 ^1 ■■ A- 
 
 t. . ; 
 
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I i 
 
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 88 " Appendix. 
 
 Canadians I Don't be Guilty of this "Burning Shame." 
 
 The following editorial appeared in the 
 Toronto J^ews of July 28th, 1887 :— 
 
 Sir Donald Smith, who has just returned trom Enj^land, 
 statefi that the Infperial liovernment is considering' a scheme 
 for aiding the immigration of distressed Scottish Crofters to 
 the Canadian North-Weat. It is proposed to transplant 
 about twenty thousand of them at a cost of $2,000,000, the 
 
 ^money to Vje repaid in ten years by the settlers with interest. 
 
 mThis sounds very nice and iihilanthropic, but on looking into 
 it a little closer it is obvious that, as with most of these 
 wholesale immigration schemes, the welfare of the settlers is 
 of secondary consideration to the interests of the promoters. 
 The objectionable feature is the i^roposal to have the North- 
 west Land Company, or some other corporation of like char- 
 acter, act as intermediaries, receive the subsidy from the 
 Imperial Government, and take mortgages from the crofters 
 for tVie amounts advanced them. "The benefit to accrue 
 to the land company,'" says the report, ** would be in the 
 enhanced value of their lands contiguous to the homesteads 
 settled upon.'' Just so The landlords of the old country 
 having squeezed these x>oor people to the last extremity for 
 generations, now propose to turn them over to the land and 
 railway schemers of Canada, so that they may in turn rob 
 them of the fruits of their labors on a virgin soil. 
 
 The crofters would make good settlers, but it will be a 
 burning shame if they are allowed to fall into the clutches of 
 these grasping middle men. 
 
 The George System Must be Applied to Canadian Coal 
 
 Lands Also. 
 
 There is a coal monopoly in the United States. The 
 anthracite fields and the railways leading from them are 
 controlled by a ring which restricts production and increases 
 prices at will. The ring owns many coal properties which are 
 not worked. We believe the only practicable plan to break 
 up the ring is to apply Henry George's system of taxation, 
 when the owners of ooal laud« have to pay to the state the 
 
mm 
 
 Appendix, 
 
 .^9 
 
 .^i 
 
 annual rental value of the properties they cannot afford to 
 keep the mines idle— more coal will be mined and the prices 
 will come down. But Canadians cannot settle that question. 
 So long as they choose to Journ anthracite, they must pay 
 whatever the Pennsylvania mine owners choose to demand 
 from them. — Hamilton Evening Times. 
 
 Come and Help us to Remove This "Strange De- 
 pression." 
 
 The Rev. Wm. Cuthbertson, B.A., in the 
 Christmas number of the Woodstock Sentinel- ' 
 Review, writes thus : — » 
 
 If the mottoes prevalent on our Christmas cards were a 
 true index of national feeling we should all agree that life in 
 our day was still sweet and sacred, and that to f^njoy the pure 
 and simple delight of family re-unions and innocent home 
 gaities was not a forgotten art in the great Empire of which 
 we form a part. But students of the times are one in the juder 
 inent that in the heart of our literature, our art, our social life, 
 and even our politics there lies a strange depression. 
 
 It is Neither Free Trade nor Protection, tout Land 
 Monopoly that is the Cause. 
 
 Mr. Robert Porter, who is now in England engaged in 
 writing letters, illustrated by pencil, portraying the poverty 
 <)f the working people, need not have travelled so far to find 
 food for his pen or subjects of art. It is the height of absur- 
 dity to ascribe the condition of the working classes of England 
 to free trade- If poverty were found alone there, such a con- 
 clusion would remain unquestioned, but while the same scenes 
 of misery are to be found in every nook and corner of 
 America's soil under a protective tariff, the inference he would 
 enforce falls un.sustained to the ground The writer has in 
 two hours seen more of degradation and misery in tlie city of 
 New York than Mr. Porter has found in all London. And 
 here in the city of Philadelphia the same squalor, the same 
 degree of n^isery pervade the center of the city, spreading its 
 lamifications in every quarter. — Joitrnal of United Labor, 
 
 
 ,r>- 
 
 In. 
 
f- 
 
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 i 1 
 
 i 
 
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 1 
 
 
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 - ' 
 
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 In^l: 
 
 ill! ill ^ 
 
 i|!|i 
 
 
 40 ' • Appendix. 
 
 ANTI-POVERTY SOCIETY, TORONTO. 
 
 The aim of this Society is to try and effect such changes 
 in our laws as will result in a better distribution of the pro- 
 ducts of labor. To attain this object it is guided mainly by 
 this consideration : — . 
 
 There are certain natural advantages (the chief of wliich 
 is land) which were provided by the Creator for the susten- 
 ance of the human race. These advantages are, by our pre- 
 sent laws, given up to the absolute possession of one part of 
 society, with the power of couipletely excluding the other 
 part. The result of this arrangement is that many of the 
 holders of these advantages are thus enabled to escape all 
 toil and to compel the toilers to yield up so much of the pro- 
 duct of their labor that many of the latter are inevitabl;^ 
 kept in a condition of almost hopeless poverty. The evil 
 effects of this unfortunate and unjust arrangement, we be- 
 lieve can be largely remedied by shifting the taxes from the 
 ]>rodiicts of toil to the natural advantages, such as land. 
 
 Should you desire to obtain further information we will 
 furnish tracts bearing on the subject. If you concur in these 
 views we should be glad to have you become a member of 
 the Society — the subscription being $1 per annum. 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 S. T. WOOD, 
 
 Secretary, 85 Shuter St., Toi'onto, 
 JAMES E. DAY, 
 
 Pr^ident. 
 
 iSf The Society meets every Fridav evening at 8 o'clock 
 in the upper lecture hall in the new Y. M. 0. A. building, 
 corner of Yonge and Magill streets. Friends of the cause are 
 cordially invited to attend and to bring other friends with 
 them, 
 
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