SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 
 
 _ 252 
 
 THE 
 
 M L L U S K S 
 
 OF 
 
 WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 
 
 BY 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 EMBKACIXO THE SKCOXD R1!PORT MADE TO THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION 
 
 ON THIS SUBJECT, WITH OTHER PAPERS ; REPRINTED BY 
 
 PERMISSION, WITH A GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
 
 DECEMBER, 1872. 
 
 i)^'; o3i 
 
 '^ LIBRARY 
 
 NATIONAL ..iUSEU; 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 The opportunity afforded by Mr. Carpenter's visit in 1859-60 
 to the United States, was embraced to secure his services in 
 naming and arranging the shells collected by the United States 
 Exploring Expedition and other parties on the Pacific Coast of 
 North America. Mr. Carpenter, having previoyisly presented to 
 the British Association a report on the state of knowledge in 
 regard to the mollusks of the west coast of North America, 
 embodied the additional information which he obtained, chiefly 
 through the Smithsonian Institution, in a second report to the 
 same Association ; and now, in order to facilitate the study of 
 this class of animals by the American student, this work is re- 
 published with supplementary papers, from stereotype copies of 
 the original pages. 
 
 JOSEPH HENRY, 
 
 Secretary S. I. 
 Smithsonian Institution, 
 Washixgton, November, 1S72. 
 
 phuabelphia: 
 ootLina, PBiHTim. 
 
TABLE OF CO^s'TENTS. 
 
 rAGK 
 
 Advertisement ...•••' 
 
 Introduction .•••***' 
 
 List of papers kepkisted in this volume . . . ■ 
 
 u " hot eepkisted is this vol0me . * • . »1 
 
 - 13 
 Alphabetical index of species . . • • 
 
 (iii) 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 After the publication of my first "Report on the present state 
 of our knowledge with regard to the Mollutsca of the West Coast 
 of North America," undertaken at the request of the Britii^h 
 Association for the Advancement of Science, and printed in their 
 Report for 185C, I visited America iu order to arrange tiie lirst 
 duplicate series of the great Reigea Collection of Mazatlan Shells 
 which I had presented to the New York State Museum at 
 Albany. It was one of the special objects of my visit to ex- 
 amine the types of previously described species in the United 
 States, that I might compare them with those known iu England. 
 Having visited Washington to examine the types of the United 
 States Exploring Expedition (Wilkes'), I was requested to spend 
 the winter of 1859-00 in unpacking and arranging the shells 
 belonging to the National Museum under its charge; and after 
 my return to England I received from time to time the various 
 collections sent to the Institution from the West Coast as they 
 arrived ; all of these were duly compared with the types in the 
 Cumiiigian and other British collections. 
 
 Being thus in a position to correct a large number of unavoid- 
 able errors in my first Report, and to add a great deal of fresh 
 information from American sources (chiefly obtained through the 
 Smithsonian Institution), I was requested by the British Asso- 
 ciation to embody the material in a "Supplementary Report" on 
 the same subject as the first. Knowing how difficult it is for 
 American students to obtain access to serial publications, I ob- 
 tained permission, in behalf of the Institution, to stereotype this 
 second report, and the papers connected with it, which appeared 
 in the "Proceedings of the Zoological Society," the "Annais and 
 Magazine of Natural History," and the "Journal de Conchy- 
 
 liologie. ' 
 
 (V) 
 
yi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Tilt' jircsciil volume consists, therefore, of a reprint from these 
 stereotype plates, with the original pjiging at the top, and the 
 Smithsonian paging at the bottom ; and of a general index of 
 species. 
 
 The index was prepared (at the expense of the Smithsonian 
 Institution) by Mr. E. Taylor, Student at McGill College. It 
 includes not only the present volume but all my previous English 
 publications on the subject, of which the principal are the First 
 British Association Report and the British Museum Mazatlau 
 Catalogue. All references to these works )wf repi'inted have 
 the page-number prefixed by a Roman Capital (O to X), by 
 which they can be at once distinguished from the simple num- 
 bers which refer to the foot-page in this volume. Students who 
 want an index to the First Report will fix the eye on the initial 
 O; to the Mazatlan Catalogue on 1*. 
 
 In an accompanying list will be found an enumeration of all 
 my papers published in European journals relative to American 
 conchology, and for the most part reprinted in the present col- 
 lection. In this, however, is not included any of the contribu- 
 tions to American serials, as the Journal of the Academy of 
 Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Proceedings of the Cali- 
 fornia Academy, or the American Journal of Conchology. 
 
 My principal object in the preparation of these works has been 
 to make out and compare the writings of previous naturalists, so 
 that it might be possible for succeeding students to begin where 
 I left oft", without being obliged to waste so large an amount of 
 time as I have been compelled to do in analyzing the (often inac- 
 curate) work of their predecessors. 
 
 As the work of previous writers, whether satisfactory or other- 
 wise, is duly tabulated in my Reports, so that others may judge 
 of its value as well as I, it is not fair (as is often done) to quote 
 from these Reports as on my authority. I was simply the his- 
 torian, not the original writer. In the First Report I was a 
 novice in the scientific world, and rarely ventured on criticisms ; 
 in the second, I allowed myself with more confidence to state 
 my own conclusions, because I found that others had not enjoyed 
 the remarkable facilities of comparing types which fell to my lot, 
 and which (in many instances) cannot be renewed. Since that 
 time, Nuttall, Gould, Rich, Judge Cooper, and especially ITugh 
 Cuming, have been called to another world ; their collections 
 
INTRODUCTION. VH 
 
 have changed haiuls, and fresh causes of error have crept in. The 
 present condition of the Cumingian Collection has been faithfully 
 described by Dr. Gray in the Proceedings of the Zoological So- 
 ciety; and those who will take the tnnible to compare his review 
 of the Calypfrxidae, after the destruction of original labels conse- 
 quent on Reeve's Monograph, with that which I gave in the 
 Mazatlan Catalogue, while these labels were still fixed to the 
 shells, will appreciate the advantages which I formerly enjoyed. 
 
 Readers who may discove; any uncorrected errors in this 
 volume, or in any of my other works, are urgently requested 
 to apprise rae of them (Box 193^ P. 0., Montreal, C. E.), in 
 order that they may be corrected in the Report of the Mollusca 
 which Prof. Whitney has requested me to prepare for the Cali- 
 fornia Geological Survey. 
 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER. 
 
 Montreal, July 17, 1S72. 
 
LIST OF PAPERS 
 
 ox 
 
 AMERICAN MOLLUSC A 
 
 PUBLI8UED IN EUliOPEAN WOUK8 BY 
 
 P. P. CARPENTER. 
 
 REPRINTED. 
 
 A. 
 
 Supplementary Report on the Present Ptate of onr Knowledge 
 with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of Xorth 
 America. Page L' 
 
 From the Report of the Britisli Association for the Advancement of 
 Science, for 18G3, pp. 517— C8G. Published in August, 1864. 
 Extra copies, with title-page, dated 1864. 
 
 B. 
 
 Review of Prof. C B. Adams' "Catalogue of the Shells of Pan- 
 ama," from the Type Specimens. Page 173. 
 
 From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, June 23, 
 1863, pp. 339—369. 
 
 c. 
 
 Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusks collected at Cape St. Lucas, 
 Lower California. By Mr. J. Xantus. Page 207. 
 
 From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, 
 Vol. XIII., pp. 311—315, April, 1864. Ibid. (Nos. 15— 36) pp. 
 474—479, June, 1864. Ibid. Vol. XIV. (Nos. 37—52), pp. 45— 
 49, July, 1864. 
 
 D. 
 
 Contributions towards a Monograph of the Pandoridae. Page 223. 
 
 From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 596 — 
 603, November 22, 1864. 
 
 ' The references are to the bottom paging. 
 
 (ix) 
 
X LIST OF PAPERS. 
 
 E. 
 
 Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver Dis- 
 trict. Page 233. 
 
 From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, 
 Vol. XIV. (Xos. 5—37), pp. 423—4-29, December, 18tJ4. Ibid. 
 "Vol. XV. (Nos. 37— 5t)), pp. 28—32, January, 1SG5. 
 
 F. 
 
 Diagnoses of Xew Forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver Dis- 
 trict. Page 247- 
 
 From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 201 — 
 204, February 14, 18G5. 
 
 G 
 
 Diagnoses of Xew Species and a Xew Genus of Mollusks, from 
 the lleigen Mazatlan Collection ; witli an Account of Addi- 
 tional Specimens presented to the British Museum. Page 253. 
 
 From the Proceedings of the Zoiilogical Society of Loudon, pp. 
 265-273, March 14, 18G5. 
 
 H. 
 
 Descriptions of Xew Species and Varieties of Chitonidte and 
 Acmyeidse, from ihe Panama Collection of the late Prof. C. B. 
 Adams. Page 203. 
 
 From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 
 274—277, March 14, 1865 
 
 I. 
 
 Diagnoses of Xew Species of Mollusks, from the West Tropical 
 Region of Xorth America, principally collected by the Kev. J. 
 Rowell, of San Francisco. Page 2G9 
 
 From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 
 278—282, March 14, 18U5. 
 
 K. 
 
 Diagnoses of Xew Forms of Mollusca, from the West coast of 
 Xorth America, first collected by Col. E. Jewett. Page 277. 
 
 From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. T^ird Series, 
 Vol. XV., pp. 177—182 (Nos. 373— 38«), March, 1865. Ibid, 
 pp. 394 — 399 {Mangelia variegata to end). May, 1865. 
 
LIST OF PAPERS. XI 
 
 L. 
 
 Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollnsca, collected by Col. E. Jewett, 
 on the West Tropical shores of North America. Page 291. 
 
 From the Annals <anil Magazine of Natural History. Third Series 
 Vol. XV., pp. 399—400, May, 1865. 
 
 M. 
 
 Diagnoses des Mollnsques nonveaux provenant de Californie et 
 
 faisant partie du Muste de I'Institutioa Smithsouienne. Page 
 
 297. 
 
 From the Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. XII. (Third Series, Vol. 
 V.) pp. 129—149, April, 18G5. 
 
 N. 
 
 On the Pleistocene Fossils collected by Col. E. Jewett, at Santa 
 Barbara, California ; with Descriptions of New Species. Page 
 319. 
 
 From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Third Series, 
 Vol. XVII., pp. 274—278, April, 18GG. 
 
 NOT REPRINTED. 
 
 o. 
 
 Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with Regard to 
 the Mollnsca of the West Coast of North America. 
 
 From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement o'l 
 Science, for 1850, pp. ir)9— 308. Published in 1S57. Extra copies 
 with title-page, list of plates with references to figures (4pages)i 
 dated 1857. Not reprinted, but referred to under "0" in the 
 general index. 
 
 P. 
 
 Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca iu the 
 British Museum. 
 
 Each sheet dated: July, 1855— June, 1857. The Bryozoa, by G. 
 Busk, Esq. Printed*by order of the Trustees at the Oberlin 
 Press, Warrington. 552 pp. First Edition, with Preface as 
 arranged by Dr. J. E. Gray, on sale at the British Museum, price 
 8». Second Edition, with Author's Preface, accompanying dupli- 
 cate collections of the shells, published simultaneously. 
 
Xll LIST OF PAPERS. 
 
 NOT REPRINTED {continued). 
 
 Q. 
 
 Descriptions of (supposed) New Species and A^arieties of Shells, 
 from the Californiun and West Mexicau Coasts, priucipallj ia 
 the Collection of H. Ciiminjr, Esq. 
 
 Proceedings Zoological Society, Part xxiii, 1855, pp. 228 — 235. 
 
 K. 
 
 Notes ou the Species of Hipponyx inhabiting the Americaa 
 Coasts, with Descriptions of New Species. 
 Ditto, Part xxiv, 185(3, pp. 3—5. 
 
 s. 
 
 Description of New Species of Shells collected by Mr. T. 
 Bridges in the Bay of Panama and its vicinity, in the Collec- 
 tion of Hugh Cuming, Esq. 
 Ditto, pp. 150 — 1G(3. 
 
 T. 
 
 Description of New Species and Varieties of CalyptrceideB, Tro- 
 chidce and PyramicleUidiE, principally in the Collection of Hugh 
 Cuming, Esq. [From American aud other seas.] 
 Ditto, pp. 1G6 — 171. 
 
 u. 
 
 Descriptions of Shells from the Gulf of California, and the Pa- 
 ciGc Coasts of Mexico and California. Part II. By A. A. 
 Gould, M.D., and Philip P. Carpenter. 
 Ditto, pp. 198—208. 
 
 V. 
 
 Monograph of the Shells collected by T. Nuttall, Esq., on the 
 Californian Coast, in the years 1834-5. 
 Ditto, pp. 209—229. 
 
 AV. 
 
 First Steps towards a Monograph of the Recent Species of Petalo- 
 conchus, a genus of VernietidcB. 
 
 Ditto, pp. 313—317. (With wood-cuts.) 
 
 X. 
 
 First Steps towards a Monog-'aph of the Ccecidce, a Family of the 
 Rostriferous Gasteropoda." [Chiefly from the American seas.] 
 Ditto, Part xxvi, 1S58, pp. 413 — 444. 
 
A. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT 
 
 OS THE 
 
 PRESENT STATE OF OUR KNOWLEDGE 
 
 WITH REGABD TO 
 
 THE MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 
 
 BY 
 
 PHILIP p. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 FroDi the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 
 for 1863, pp. 517—686. Published in August, 1864. Extra copies, with 
 title-page, dated 186-1. 
 
 (1) 
 
Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge mth 
 regard to the MoUusca of the West Coast of North Amei'ica. By 
 Philip P. Carpenter, B.A., Ph.D.* 
 
 The object of the present Report is (1) to correct the errors which have been 
 observed in the first Report (-'Report &c." 1856, pp. 159-368); and (2) to 
 point out the fresh sources of information which have been rendered avail- 
 able since that period. For convenience of comparison, the paragraph num- 
 bers refer to those of '.he first Report in the corrections, and are continued 
 from them in the addenda. In the bibliographical portion, the criticisms by 
 the writer of this Report are inserted in [ ] ; a di'^tinctioi: not always attended 
 to in the former volume, in consequence of which erroneous names and local- 
 ities have been attributed to the reviewer, instead of to the au*^hors quoted. 
 
 22. Introduction. — (Line 4 from bottom.) The river Willamette flows 
 northwards (Gld.). 
 
 23. Early Writers. — The only Californian shell described by Linnaeus is 
 Turbo san(/uineus,= T. coccineus, Desh. ; v. Hani. Ips. Linn. Conch, p. 334. 
 The types are too much worn to decide whether they came from the North 
 Pacific or (as is more probable) from the Mediterranean. In Gmelin's edition 
 of Linnaeus, Lipsi3e, 1788-1790, — which is, in great measure, a translation 
 from a German work published a few years in advancj [teste Hanley]. — the 
 following species are assigned to the " West Coast of America," probably on 
 the authority of Martyn : — page 3529, Murex foliatus : 3702, Patella pecten : 
 3712, Patella calyptra. The last two seem exotic. 
 
 Many West-coast species had found their way into English collections 
 during the last century, at a much earlier date than was expected at the time 
 of the first Report. They were mainly derived from the voyages of Capt. 
 Cook and other circumnavigators. Capt. Cook was accompanied by Solander, 
 as naturalist, at the instance of Sir Joseph Banks. His shells passed into 
 the hands of Mr. Humphrey, the dealer, at whose death the remainder, a 
 thousand boxes, became the property of the elder Sowerby, and (in part) of 
 Mawe [teste Hanley]. They took their chance of being figured or described 
 by the early conchologists. The localities are (as might be expected) often 
 interchanged, but have been quoted by later authors, who have not thought 
 fit to avail themselves of more correct sources of information. 
 
 The first accurate delineations are by Thomas Martyn, in his ' Universal 
 Conchologist London, 1784. Those who only know this book from Chenu's 
 reprint, Paris, 1845, can form but a poor idea of the exquisite beauty of the 
 original work. Of this, very few copies are accessible ; but it may be consulted 
 at the British Museum, the Royal Society, and the Royal College of Surgeons. 
 
 No. Plate. Fig. 
 
 16 5 3. Pa<e77a<ramoserjVnr, Mart. N.W.C. America, very rare. [N.Zealand.] 
 18 6 1. Patella adyptra, Mart. N.W. Coast of America, very rare. [Not 
 identified : resembles Crep. adunca. without deck. Hani, con- 
 siders it a IIippo7iyx, like avstrnlis.] 
 31 8 4. Trochus inaqunlis, Mart. Friendly Isles, common. [Does not 
 closely resemble the Japan and Vancouver species,=iiic/i^ponia 
 gihhei'osum, Cliemn,] 
 
 Trochus canaliculatus. Mart. N. Zealand, rare. 
 Trochus annulatus. Mart. N. Zealand, very rare. 
 Trochns costatuSy'MsLrt. St. George's Sound, rare. [= Call lost oma 
 filosmn, castaneum, ligatum, and modestum.^ 
 * In consequence of the expected arrival of fresh niaterialfi, this report has been 
 corrected and continued up to the period of going to press. 
 Warrington Free Museuvi and Library, Aug. 1st, 18(H. 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 10 
 
 1. 
 
 33 
 
 10 
 
 2. 
 
 34 
 
 10 
 
 3, 
 
Ko. 
 
 43 
 
 PiatP. 
 
 l:!,14 
 
 1^ 
 
 44 
 
 13 
 
 2. 
 
 46 
 
 15 
 
 1. 
 
 47 
 
 15 
 
 2, 
 
 62 
 
 20 
 
 2. 
 
 60 
 76 
 80 
 
 24 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 1. 
 4. 
 2. 
 
 518 REPORT— 1863. 
 
 JBiirct'nutn lirafmn, Mart. St. George's Po»nd, most rare. [ = ^. <^e- 
 
 Cfntcusfatiit (Say), Midd., =3Ii<IdimlorJfii, Cooper.] 
 Huccinum plicatum, Mart, [nou Linn.] !St. ( itoig'e's Sound, common. 
 
 '^=crispa(um, -i-coiupositutn, Chemn., =l(ictuca, &.C., Esch.j 
 Bucchmm limn, Mart. St. Georp-e's Sound, rare. [Probably /'. dtci'm- 
 
 costata, Midd. ; the variety with numerous ribs and ilattened spire.] 
 Huccinum saturu/n, Mart. St. George's Sound, most rare. [Like 
 
 Chr. lii'atug, with keels evanes<-ent.] 
 TIaliotis pulcherrima, Mart. St. George's Sound, most rare. [Pacific 
 
 Is.] 
 Purpura fohata, ISlart. North-west Coast of N. America, rare. 
 Trochus pulliffo, Mart. St. George's Sound, common. 
 Pectunculus corbis, Mart. Pulo-Condore, most rare. [ = Curdium Xut- 
 
 tallii, Conr., teste Desh. Cum. The figure is not so accurate as most 
 
 of the others; but the colouring is chai'act eristic] 
 153 53 1. Pecten rttbidus, Mart, [uon lids.] Newfoundland, rare. [_ = P- Islari' 
 
 dicus, Miill.] 
 
 Many of the figures of Martyn were reproduced by Chemnitz, in his com- 
 prehensive continuation of Martini's ' Conchylien Cabinet,' 17S0-17!'5. Un- 
 happily, though often quoted for generic and specific names, he did not adopt 
 the binomial nomenclature (except in vol. xi.), but described each shell in 
 two or more words, as it happened. For this reason he appears to have had 
 no scruple in altering previous designations, as follows : — 
 
 Fig. 
 
 1538, 1539. Murex Pur/mra a/afa, "IVIart. Conch. Un. vol. ii. f. 66, Leaved Purpura 
 
 foliata from N.W. coast of America." 
 1634 ., Murex Glomus cereu% "e" Cereus conglomeratus, "^lart. vol. ii. f 43, 
 
 Ridged Huccinum liratum from King George's Sound." 
 Vign. 21, f. A, B. Buccitntm comp<mtum, " Mart. I'u. Conch, vol. ii. f 44 ; Plaited 
 
 Huccinum from King George'.s Sound." 
 Vign. 23, f. A, B. Trochus gihberosus Novte Zclandiee. "Forster's Cat. no. l-'574; La 
 
 Raboteuse de la nouvelle Zelande. — Mart. Un. Conch, vol. i. i. 31 ; 
 
 Rugged Trochus inteipailis from Friendly Is."' 
 1579, 1580. Trochus doliarius, " Mart. vol. i. f. 32, Fluted J'rochtts camdiculatm from 
 
 N. Zealand." 
 1581, 1582. Trochus viryincus, "Favanne, Conch, pi. 79. f 1. vol. ii. p. 342 ; id. Cat. 
 
 Rais. no. 13r)2, p. 269; Le Sabot Magellanique.^ — Mart. Un. Conch. 
 
 vol. i. f. 33; Ringed Trochus anmdatus from N. Zealand. — Cab. Mus. 
 
 Portl. no. 1240; the Purpled-edged Trochus; item, no. 1970, a large 
 
 and tine specimen of the Purple-edged I'rochus from the N.A\'. roust 
 
 of America; rare." [=7". c<e/a/MJ), Aar. j3. Guiel., teste Dill w. vol. ii. 
 
 p. 800.] 
 1802,1803. Biwcinum crispatum. "The furbelowed "Whelk." [=i?. 2>licutuin, 
 
 Mart., non Ln.] 
 1841, 1842, Murex amplustre. N.W. coast of America. [This erroneous locality 
 
 is copied from tlie Portland Cat.. The species is quoted from Ihic- 
 
 cinum (Latirus) aplustre, Mart., no. 3. pi. 1. f. 3, where it is rightly 
 
 assigned to the Friendly Is. =M. argu^, var. y. Gmel., teste jjilhv. 
 
 vol. ii. p. 735.] 
 
 The assignment of West American species to New Zealand, begun by 
 Martyn, has continued a source of error to the present time. It occurs in 
 l)r. Gould's ' Exploring Expedition MoUusca,' in tlie Cumingian Collection, 
 and in the British Museum. 
 
 In the 'Travels in New Zealand,' by Ernest DiefFenbach, M.D., London, 
 1843, vol, i. pp. 228-264, is given a " Catalogue of the Species of Molliis( a 
 and their Shells, wliieh have bitliorto been roeorded as fi-imd at New Zealand. " 
 &c., by J. E. Gray. Tke auclior premises that some ot the s^ccea [_murLud *j 
 
 4 
 
OV MOTJ.T-srA OF THE vrvST COVST OF VOntn AMKRICA. 5l9 
 
 n^«ij:ncd by the older writer** may be found erroncouslj" placed. The foUow- 
 ing are probably from the West coast of Xorth America, with the synouymj 
 as imdcrstood by Dr. Gray : — 
 
 V's: Xo. 
 
 -22.} 8. Mnrex fnlintm, Gmel. ^.",29. = .If. purpura alata, Chomn. x. pi. IHO. f. l.-).^8- 
 9: Wood's Cat. f. 1:3. Purpura foUatn. .Mart. U. C. ii. i-A\.— IIah. X. 
 Zealand, Iluiiinhrci/s. Kinp: Geoi-jrt'S Sotind, Marhjn. \" = M. tripferus, 
 Kien. : non M triptcrus, Born et nuct. =frialtifui, Kieu." te.«ti? II.-uil.] 
 
 229 9. MurcT lyratus, G iiel. .'}o31. = .V/. (/hunus ccreuA, Chein. x. pi. iCi'.l. f. I(>.i4. 
 — Bucciman lyratum, Martyn, U. C. ii. f. 4:3. — Ilab. N. Zjalaud, King 
 George's Bay, Martyn. 
 
 233 43. Purpura lamiUosa. = liuccinum L, Gmd., Wood".« C:it. f. 00. — 7?w. pU- 
 cafum. Mart\Ti, U. C. ii. f. 41. = J5w. compoMtum. Chemn. x. 17!t, vijni. 
 21. f. A, Y>. = Buc. crtspatum, Chemn. xi. 84, pi. 187. f. Is02 :'.. Murex 
 cr., Lam. 174. — Hab. N. Zealand, King Georges Sonnd, Chemn., Mar- 
 tyn. Coa^t of Columbia. 
 
 237 *71. Ziziphinus canaliculatm. Trochus c, Martvn, U. C. pi. .32, = Tr. cloliarius, 
 Chemn. x. f. 1579-80 ; Wood's Cat. f. Qii.—IIab. X. Zealand, Martyn. 
 California, Capt. Belcher, R.N. 
 ♦72. Ziziphmus anmdatus. Trochu^ a., Mart\Ti, U. C. pi. 3-3.= T. virginnn^, 
 Chemn. x. f 1.581-2; Wood's Cat. f. 98,= Tr. Cfrlafm, fi., Gmel— JIab. 
 N. Zealand, Martyn. California, Capt. Belcher. 
 
 243 113. Bulla Quoyii, Gray, n. .«.=^. striata, Q. & G., ^■oy. Astr. ii. 3.54, pi. 20. 
 f. 8, 9, non Lam. — Hub. X. Zealand, Quoy, Sluuger. 
 
 But the first ai'thentic information on the molluscs of the Xorth-wcstem 
 coast 19 given in the ' Voyage Round the World, but more particularly to the 
 N.W. Coast of America,' by Capt. George Dixon, London, 1789: to which i3 
 added a Natural History Appendix. 
 Page .3-5.5, iig. 2. Solcn patulus*. Cook's River. [= 3Inc7irr>ra Xuttalli, Conr.] 
 
 In the ' Conchology, or Natural History of Shells,' by George Perry, Lon- 
 don, isll, a work of no little pretension, yet singularly inaccurate, are figured 
 the following species, but without authorities for the assigned localities : — 
 
 * As this extract is probably the first description on record of molluscs from the Pacific 
 shores of N. America, bv the original collector, and as the book is rarely to be met with, 
 it may bo interesting to quote the passage : — 
 
 "At the mouth of Cook's River [lat. 59°-61°] are many species of shell-fish, most of 
 them, I presume, nondescript ; and of all which I should have endeavoured to have got 
 specimens, had business permitted. Among the bivalves we noticed some of a large spe- 
 cies, of the Cardium or cockle-genus [^Cardium corbis, Mart.], half-a-dozen of which would 
 have afforded a good supper for one person ; but, for a repast of that kind, our men pre- 
 ferred a large species of the Solen genus, which they got in quantity, and were easily dis- 
 covered by their spouting up the water as the mi n walked over the sands where they in- 
 habited : as I suppose it to be a new kind, I have given a figure of it in the annexed plate 
 [So/era patulus ; accurate external and internal views, size of life]. 'Tis a thin brittle siiell, 
 smooth within and without : one valve is furnisln-d with two i'ront and two lateral teeth 
 [the 'laterals' are the nymphse for the ligament] ; the other has one front and one silo 
 tooth, which slip in between the others in tne opposite valve : from the teeth, in each valve, 
 proceeds a strong rib, which extends to above halfway across the shell, and gradually loses 
 itself towards the edge, which is smooth and sharp. The colour of the outride is white, 
 circularly, but faintly, zoned with violet, and is covered with a smooth yellowish-brown 
 epidermis, which appears darkest where the zones are : the inside is white, slightly zoned, 
 and tinted with violet and pink. The aniu.al, as in all species of this genus, protrudes 
 beyond the ends of the shell very much, and is exceeding good food. — A fine specimen of 
 this kind is in the Collection of John Swainson, Esq., of the Custom House, London. — We 
 saw al.HO, on this coast, a kind of muscle, in colour and shape much like the common eat- 
 able muscle of Europe, but differed in being circularly wrinkled, and a great deal larger 
 [^Mi/tilu.1 Californianus, Conr.]. One valve I saw at Queen Charlotte's Islands measureJ 
 above nine inches and a half in length.— With pieces of these muscles, sharpened to an ex- 
 quisite edge and point, the Indian* head their harpoons and other instruments for fislnng 
 iliey fasten them on with a kind of resinous substauee." — Dixon s ' f'o^cje.' 
 
520 REPORT— 1 803. 
 
 PI Pig. 
 9 4. Pi>7i/plf.r ffran'l'g[ = Trophon multtrostatMS,F^svh.'\. N. Zcalnnd. 
 
 S9 5. Mi'luniu Mrinta. New Ciililoriiia. [AH the tijrurcs of • J[/t'/««ia' on -his platd 
 
 represent larjre BuUini, perhaps from S. Anierica.] 
 
 85 4. Cerithiiiin rdiadutum. New California. 
 
 44 2. JIausinnn pi('tuiti\ = Purpura phmospiray East Indies. 
 
 44 3. Hamtrvm dvvJv.i ['=r. colHmellarij'\ N ootka .Sound : only 2 sp. known. 
 
 44 4. Hausirum tiiberctilaf inn [ = P. jxttula, jun.']. ? — 
 
 41 3. Olirn Lcreriiina \_=0. p(irpfi!/ri(i'\. ? — 
 
 47 2. TriKhtis decarin'atus[ = ('iiUi()st()ma canaUciilafiiyii]. N.Zealand. 
 
 58 2. J'l'Hus radiata 1= Cailista /upiiiarin]. N. Zealand. 
 
 The common Californian Haliotis was, it scorns, first described in the 
 'Zoological Miscellany,' by Dr. \V. E. Leach, vol. i. 1S14*. 
 Page 131, pi. 58. Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach. California. 
 
 Solander made use of the materials he had collected in Cook's Toyafj^e, in 
 compiling a work on Conchology of considerable merit. Dillwyn made a copy 
 of it, and used it in preparing his own, allowing priority to its specitic names ; 
 but it was never published. The types were lately partcd-with by the Lin- 
 nean Society, who had determined not to keep any colli itions exccjit those of 
 Ijnnaeus. The ' Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells,' &c., by L. \V. Dill- 
 wyn : London, 1817, is considered by Dr. Gray to be the best conchological 
 Work arranged according to the old system. The following are (quoted from 
 the West Coast: — 
 
 Vol. Page. 
 
 i. 301. Miftilusfrons, 1^11111. = Ostreafrons, Sol. Callone. Acapulco, J/ww/j^rfys; 
 
 West Indie.s, aucf. 
 i. 409. Ci/inrea pustidafa, Sol. Acapulco. 
 ii. G17. Buccinum jdiDiibeum, Chenin. California, [Monoceros, ?S. America.] 
 
 Following Dillwyn, and nearly eclip.sing his fame through the originality 
 and excellence of his classification, ajjpcared Lamarck's ' Animaux suns Ver- 
 tebres,' 1818-182iJ. Coordinate with or preceding this work are his Articles 
 in the ' Annales du Museam ' and the ' Encyclopedie.' The fresh sources of 
 his information are quoted in the first lleport, p. 109. 
 
 In Delessert's * Eecueil,' 1841, are figured 
 
 PI. 2, fig. 1. Solen amhifjmis, Lam. [_ = S. rudis, C. B. Ad.] "T.es mers d'Amoriquo." 
 PI. 19, fig. 2. Cytherea sentilamellosa, Gaiidiehaud [= C. lupiuaria^. China .^eas. 
 
 In Deshayes' invaluable edition of the 'An. s. Yert.,' Paris, 183.5-4.J, are 
 quoted a variety of West Coast species which have already appeared under 
 their original authorities. The following may be added : — 
 
 Vol. Page. 
 
 \\\\. 232. Bulimvs Mexicanvs, ham. = Helix rittafa, Yer. Mexico. 
 
 ix. 33. Haliotis CuUforniensis, Swains. = H. glabra, Desh. California. 
 
 ix. 357. PUurotonui tuhercidifera, Br. & Sby. California. 
 
 ix. 584. Murex radix, Gniel. = J'/. meUitwmathos (pars), Dillw. Acapulco. 
 
 ix. 005. Murex foliatm, (jirae\.= M. triptervs, \i.i^n. N.W.America. "P India." 
 
 The last of the early writers whose works should here he quoted, and whose 
 ideas on the relations of genera were considerably in advance of the age, though 
 eomewhat fanciful, is Swainson, in his 'Zoological Illustrations,' 1820-l8y;j; 
 * Appendix to the Sale Catalogue of Mrs. Bligh's Shells,' 1822 ; and ' Exoti't 
 Conchology,' 1821-1835, reissued by Hanley, 1841. These works contaiu 
 the foUowJng West Coast species : — 
 
 * This work has been translated into French, and republished, by Chenu; where iba 
 same spu::;-* i£ fuund on page 8, pi. 3. /, 2. 
 
 6 
 
ON MOLLl'SCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. C21 
 
 BliRhCatPaifp. 
 
 •2. JItiliotis nifcsrem, Swains. (Ditto in Exot. Conch, ed. ii. p. 34.) Galapagos [r j 
 and Caht'oi-nia. 
 
 4. Cams \_.Maifa' ringens. Swains. ? — 
 
 5. Vnmn onuijdla, i^vniMs. Native of the Galapagos. 
 5. Harpa crinata. Swains, 't — 
 
 8. titromhus yranulatug, Swains. ? — 
 
 Eiot, Conch. Plate. 
 
 efO. ConuK princeps, Ln.= C. regius, Martini, Lam. (C. P. var. ^., Ln.= C. ebraif^.) 
 
 Asiatic Ocean. 
 97 (middle figure). Marginella prunmn, Gmel., Martini = Valuta plumbea, Sol. MS. 
 
 Africa. [The pinched W. Indian forni.l 
 182. Cyprtea spadicea, Swains., Tilloch's Phil. Mag. vol. Ixi. p. 376. South Seas 
 
 {Matce). 
 80. Haliotis CaUfomiensis, Swains. [Fignred with 9 small holes.] 1821. 
 55. Sulen amhiguus, I..am. N. America, 1820. [This shell i.s con.<pecitic with tho 
 
 " S. mt'dius, Alashka," of the B. M. Coll. ; differinnr somewhat from the .V. 
 
 ambiguus as figured by Delessert. The B. M. locality is perhaps enoneous.] 
 
 24. Valenciennes' Memoir on Ilumh. and Bonj)!., 183.3. — Thf followin^j 
 notes are from a study of the complete copy in the Libr. Hoy. Coll. Suigeons. 
 
 Page. 
 
 221. Donax radiata [=var. of D. jmndaiostriatm, Ilanl. 1843]. 
 219. Vemis succincta [=CAi'w»« Californitn-sis, Brod. 1835]. 
 245. Bidimtis undntus. [The Cariboean, not the Mexican, type is here figured.] 
 207. Haliotis Californiana [ = H. rufescetis, Swains., not JI. t'tdifornicnuis, Swains. 1. 
 207. (Add) Haliotis interrupta, Val. Tropical America. [The description accords 
 with the young of //. Cracherodii, Leach.] 
 
 277. Ceritkium miisica. [Description accords with C. maculostitn, Kien.] 
 
 278. Cerithiujn gra7insHin\= Cerithidea varicom']. 
 
 279. Cerithium /ragaria [^=: JRhinoclavis getntnata, lids. J, 
 282. Cerithium varicosum [= Cerithidea varicosa, .Shy.]! 
 
 308. Strombtis cancellatus. Closely resembles Rostellaria fissurella, from Grignon. 
 
 [Probably E. Indian.] 
 838. Conus scalaris [= C. gradatiis (Mawe), "Wood's Suppl.]. 
 270. Solarium bicanalieulatum. Small species, like S. Herherti, De.«h. Enc. 
 205. Natica Bonplandi. [The figure exactly represents Neverita jMittUa, Shy.] 
 2ti6. (Add) Natica uber, val. Cumana. 
 317. Purpura semi-imhricata, Lam. [\n. s. Vert. vol. x. p. 84, no. 39 ; not since 
 
 identified from the brief descnption. Perhaps = Cuma costata, Blainv.] 
 287. Fusus turris \ = F. Ikipetithouarsii, Kien.]. 
 290. Fums Magelfanicm " =Buc. Geverstanum, Pallas^ —Murex Peruvianas, Enc. 
 
 Mdth." 
 
 295. Ficulajicoides [? =decttssata']. 
 
 296. Pynda spirata [? =Rapa, jun.]. 
 
 25. Coquille. — All the limpets quoted are South American. 
 
 HG. Eschscholtz. — The following observ ationa may be iiseful to the student : 
 
 Page. 
 
 10. Murex ferrugineus\ = Pirp. crispata, Chemn., var. ; varices few, scarcely frilled]. 
 
 11. Murex lactuca \^ = Purpura crispata, Chemn.]. 
 
 11. Murex multicostatus [is not Trophon clathratus, as supposed by Midd. ; but pro- 
 bably = T. Gunneri. It resembles T. laciniatvm. Mart. (Falkland Is.) on a 
 small scale ; varices coronated, without spiral sculpture]. 
 
 16. Acrntea. [Genusdescribedinthe Appendix to Kotzebue's Second Voyage, 18.3(1 
 p. 350; somewhat before Tectura, teste Woodward.] 
 
 18. Acmaa mamiUata. [The ' crowded tubercles ' were perhaps due to nuUipore. ] 
 
 19. Acmaa casMs\\i a northern shell, is perhaps the strongly ribbed var. of ])ek*i- 
 
 hut the figure accoi-ds best with the Cape Horn species, P. renm. Mart.]. 
 
 20. Acmmi digitalis [is perhaps distinct from the variable persona j but passes into 
 
 it by easy transitioas]. 
 
 7 
 
523 
 
 REPORT 18C3. 
 
 IGI 
 
 1U2 
 
 206 
 
 1203 
 i294 
 1690 
 
 1S42 
 
 ia-)5 
 
 1806 
 2240 
 22'.1 
 2:580 
 •2:',?,2 
 
 XTxn 
 
 ixxiii 
 
 xxxiv 
 
 "•age. 
 
 21. Fiii>iirclla atpfra [=nf>/phia Lineolni, Cimy, = rrnti'tia. OKI. 'Rut Ol. <{en.»icln- 
 Hiiata, Kve, is probably distinct; 8ta Jiaibiira, Jewitt, C'oui>er'j. 
 
 27. Tankerville Cat., 1825. — The foUowinj? species are also from the West 
 C'liMst. The prices are added from the British Museum copy, as a record of 
 their former rarity : — 
 
 Xo. App. page. Pri'?e. 
 70 10». Solen amhgmw. 
 
 15.S. Tellina operctdata. 
 5«. TeUina pttntcea. 
 £10 10«. Lurina Childreni [desoribed by Gray in Ann. Phil. 1824 : v. nlso 
 Zool. Joum. vol. i. 1825. pp. 221 -2. Therr- is no aiitliority 
 for the statement that it came from Brazil. The Br. Miia. 
 Bpecimens are from " Mus. Craehernde," and are probably 
 West Coast. The only known locality is Cope Su Lucas."j 
 80«. Tioclma annulatm. 
 20s. Trcrhtis doliariii9. 
 10«. Murex crtsjmttis. 
 los. Purpura patula. 
 20«. Purinira j)l<inospir€h 
 4o». JIarpa crenata. 
 los. Cijiircea spadicea. 
 2s. Ci/}treS(i alhtginosa. 
 15,?. O'ira splendidula. Hah. ? — 
 2s. (kl. Oliva bipUcnta. West Coast Xorth America, 
 2s. OUva colutnellaris. ? — 
 2.J47 £5 OS. Contis regius. 
 
 The „ in Rep., p. 174, should have been omitted, except at no. 808, p. vi. Jso. 
 1401 is described, on p. xii, as from Newfoundland. No. 1780 should have iM 
 pa^e-reference. 
 
 In the * Zoological Journal,' London, 1S24— 1829, appear descriptions of the 
 following species : — 
 
 Pag\ 
 
 00. Natica patula, iSbv. " Brought from S. America by 
 M. de Humboldt. 2 specimens only known.'"* 
 
 3G9. Cypraa suhro^trata, Gray. Nehoue (Mus. Sbv.). 
 [' Probably fossil ' {Graii) : a white, smooth spe- 
 cies, not to be confounded with Trivia stihm tni1a.'\ 
 
 510. Cypra>a albuginosa, Mawe, pi. 7. f. 2 ; pi. 12. f 2. Cali- 
 fornia. Named, without descripticm, in Mawe's 
 Cat. (=C. pnraria, var., Duel.: Z. .1. iv. p. 08.) 
 
 613. Ciipr<va pysftdatn, Sol. S. Coa-st of Mexico. China. 
 
 70. Hinnites (jiganteus (Shy.). F — \ = H. Poidoni,VouT. 
 
 Ca\\t.'\ = Iliimiia gigantea, Gray, Ann. Phil. Aug. 
 
 182(i. = Lima gtgantea, Id. inloc. cit. [non J. Shy.] 
 
 863. Cyprcea subrostrata, Gray [bis. Trivial. ? — 
 
 364. Cyprcea radians, Lam. = C oniscus, Dillw. = C. pedi- 
 culiis, j3., Gmel.4- C. costata, Dillw. W. Coast of 
 Mexico, ? Adriatic. 
 
 365. Cyprata Calif or niana, Gray [ Trivia]. California. 
 145-102. Monograph of Ovtdvm, by G. B. Sowerby, containing 
 
 the species afterwards figured in the Spec. Conch. 
 
 28. Beechey* Voyage. — Increased study has supplied the following cor- 
 rections : — 
 
 * At p. 511, note *, Dr. Gray states that the Xatica patula, Barnes, Ann. Lye. Nat. 
 Hist. N. Y., Sept. 1S24, i. 133, is " the shell described under tliat name by Sbv. As tlic-r* 
 is another N. patula [? ubi], must be called by Mr. Barnes's MS. name of A', helicoides.' 
 Also that DoUum dentatum, Barnes, loc.cit.=2>. ringens^ Sby. 
 
 8 
 
 Vol. i. March 1824, 
 „ Oct. 1824, 
 
 M 
 
 Jan. 1825, 
 
 Vol. iii. Jan. 1827, 
 
 n 
 
 Sept 1827, 
 
 Tol. iv. Jan. 1828, 
 
Oy MOLLCSCA OF THE WEST COAST Or NORTH AMERICA., 523 
 
 Z. J. 372. Xaf ion pall Ula \^=aLiinatia enurina, Cj\\\.,-\-soluta, Gld.]. 
 372. Nut ica Otis. [\ ar. = /W//<(V'M///vf(i, Cpr.j 
 372. Natira ckima [= A'. JUnr/ii, Ij-aih, Sl.S. in R. M.]. 
 
 378. Fu-fiis laj7il/ii^=2JHC. 'uhroitrafinti, (irav. [^lJi'.*t'iiihles the smootli, 
 
 stumpy form of Purjmra plieata, Mart. : " perfectly dwtiuct," 
 teste Hani.] 
 
 379. Contf^ arcinUus [o-s finriircd in Z. B. V., is a very differont 8liell from 
 
 that in Mus. Cum. and the monogniphs ; the latter id a lied to C. 
 
 tornatm^ 
 37n. Conus interniptto [resemVde.s the broad form of C. mdhoffunil. 
 Z.B.V. l:{0. (Add) Olivasemintriata, (Jray, pi. .'iti. f. 10. J/ab. I--— [^Pananiji, &c.] 
 1 19. Conns Ximenes [scarct>ly difler.s from C. nuihoyuni, var. in Mua. Cum.]. 
 132. [Should be] Aijuronia [et pa-sini]. 
 
 147. (Add) Mouretia Peruviana, Shy. (P. Z. S. 1835, p. G) pi. 39. f. 6, 0'. 
 
 [Also Margarita Bay, teste Pease.^ 
 
 148. Patella Mazatlandica. [This i.s the i^andwich I.«land.<t species, = P. 
 
 e.iarata, Nutt., te.ite Haul. The large specimens quoted are pro- 
 bably P. takosa, (J Id.] 
 
 150. Cliama echinata. [Further series of specimens nifike it doubtful 
 
 whether this be not a distinct species from C.froivlosa, var. Th© 
 original sculpture has not yet been detected.] 
 
 151. [Should be] Vytherea biradiata. 
 
 152. (Add) Caraitn borealis, Cour. (="Arcturus rudis, Ilumphr.") pi. 44. 
 
 f. 1. [Probably from near icy Cape. Mus. Belcher.] 
 
 The types of the species described from this iriportant Toyage have been 
 scattered. Some have been identified from Admual Sir E. Belcher's Collec- 
 tion, which he kindly allowed me to examine for that purpose ; others are 
 in the possession of Mr. Hanley ; but many appear hopelessly lost. 
 
 29. WoocFs Ind. Test. — In Hanley's Revised Edition of this important 
 ■work (London, 1856), several new localities are added from the writer's 
 varied experience, and the synonymy is most carefully elaborated. No other 
 book contains such a mass of trustworthy information on the old .species in so 
 small a compass. The following are quoted, either as original authorities, or 
 for locality or synonymy : — 
 
 Page. Fig. 
 
 2 10. Cfiifon tnnicatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. 2. f. 1 [ = Kat!icn'na 
 
 Dvuglasia, Grav]. Sitka. 
 8 18. Chiton lineatus, AVood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. ± f. 4, 5. Sitcha, 
 North Calif. [Mr. Ilanley believes that Sitka is the i.slautl in 
 lat. 58^, and that Sitcha is in the district now known as Wash- 
 ington Territor\', olim Oregon.] 
 
 3 20. Chiton sulcatm, W^ood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. .'?. f. 1. Galapagos. 
 19 IG. Solen maximus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. 31. f. 3 [ = <S. patulus, 
 
 Dixon. N.W. America]. Sandw. Is. 
 21 8. TcUina rugosa, Bom. Is. of Opara, New California. [Pacific Is.] 
 27 73. Ti'llina mtiricata, Chemn. = ZM«wa scabra, Kve. Mexico. 
 82 97. Conus jmsillus, Wood : non Chemn. nee Lam. [nee Gld.] = C. jmr.c- 
 
 ticulatus, var., Lam. (quasi Brug. ) Mexico. 
 88 31. Q//>rrt>rton?/x,Gray(qua-si Lin.)=C'.(frfM.'(/rt,Chemn. [Pacific Is. 1 he 
 San Diegan shell is closely allied, = iw/Jo«i'a spadicea.] ' Calif.' 
 ?*9 35. Valuta incrassata,D'il\vf. ; TpostenoT to 0.a»i/uhiia,hnm. Centr. Am. 
 183 14. Ilaliotis Cracherodii, Leacn=2f. glabra, Schub. 1829, non Cheriin. 
 et auct. Calif. 
 Suppl. 201 3. lellina lutea, Grav= T. altemidentata, Br. & Sbv.= 2'. GuilfordicR 
 Gray, in Grift". Cuv. pi. 19. f 2. Icy Cape. 
 202 1. Dmn.r sadpelhim, Grav, Ann. Tliil. l'*25, ix. ICGj =2>. elongata 
 Mawe, Conch, pi. 9."f. 6, 1823. Calif. 
 
 d 
 
524 KEPORT— 18G3. 
 
 Pige. F!?. 
 
 Suppl. '20J '2. Donn.r ftnlfnrum, ^fawe, 1. o. pi. 9. f. 7 ; = Trlgona st., Cray. Analyst, 
 
 ' Irt-'W. !' .S. America r = 7V. r»'rt»«a/«'//D/t/«'», jiin. Culit'.J. 
 
 204 5i Chiuna cniniiicoHtuta= I enenciiriliuv.,'Sh\.,'YM\\i. Cat. p. 4. = rVir- 
 
 </i/t4 rwriVr/, Uroil, P. Z. S. 18.52. = C. ^licht-lini, \a\. A.apiilio. 
 
 205 11. Arm fwcf itiifoniiiij imyi I'irtiiuciiliis), ui)n Lani. = P. i>(tf>y«(i/('«, SJby. 
 2'*^ 0. C'onm {/radatus, yinwii. CalU". [=(.'. scu/am, N'al.] Pau. 
 
 211 25, Voiuta letis, Mawe. Pan. 
 
 211 20. Volutn hitrpa, Mawe, Couch. Front, f. 2. 1823; = V, nucleus, Lam. 
 
 S. Pacific. 
 ■211 3.3. Volittunujr, B.yi. = Olioabiplicata, Shy., Tunk. Cat. Calif. 
 
 212 38. Voiuf" tencbrusa, yifiwo=0. iitiddtella, ])uc\. [L&ni.) Pan. 
 212 4. ^i<m«(/m ^rtiMe, Mawe= C«^s^v J/o,s««>««, Kieii. (ialapayos. 
 
 212 7. Buceinum diatortum, Swains., IJli^h's Cat. = Columbetla triumphalis. 
 
 Duel. [CVate//a]. W. Columbia. 
 
 213 10. Ducciunm brevidentatum, yitLVf*i = Purp. cornigera, Til&my. = P. oeel- 
 
 lata, Kien. W. Columbia, 
 213 11. Hucciuum denticuialuin, ^l&we i =Monoceros lugubre, Sby. Gen. 
 213 12. Huccinum armatum, Mawe f Calif. 
 
 213 13. Jiuceiman tectum, Mawe = i^/r;j. callosa, Sby. Gen., non Lam. = P. 
 
 a?igidifera, Kien. (Ducl.)= C'mhim sulcata, Swains. Mai. Pan. 
 S13 15. Buceinum planaxis, Mawe=P/. planicosta, Sljy. = P. catxilicn/atn, 
 Duval, Kev. Zool. 1840, p. 107. l*an. [Purp. canali'culaia. Duel., 
 is quite distinct.] 
 
 214 25. Buceinum elongatum, Mawe= Terebra strigata, Sby., Tank. Cat.a 
 
 T. zebra, Kien. Pan. 
 
 215 15, Strombiis bituberculntus, B.M., non auct. = iS<r. Peruciamis, Swains., 
 
 Phil. Mag. 62. W. Columb. 
 
 216 3. Murex rigidus, Ji.^\.=£uc. nodatum, Marty n = 3/wrex «., Gmel., 
 
 \)\\\w.= Turbinella rigida, (iray. Pan. [Probiibly the I'acitic sp.] 
 
 217 10. Murea: sangui7ieus, Mav,-e=TurbinelUi varicosa, live, (ialapairos. 
 
 217 14. Mure.r salino, Mawe = Fasciolaria granosa, Kien., as of Brod., P.Z. S. 
 
 1832. Panama. 
 
 218 1. Troehus undosus, Wood= T. uudntus, 5Iawe, Conch, no. 140 (not 
 described ); =T. hderiiarum, Val. Calif. 
 
 219 4. Troehii-spelfi.s-scrpenti.i, Mawe= Tee/ula e/rf/«H.s,Le89.,Ill.ZooI.pl.50; 
 
 "'" ■ ' ' 1. pl.2. f.9. Pj 
 
 225 45, Turbo saxosm, Mawe= J/«> morostoma unduhita, Swains., Zool. III. 
 
 = 2>. mtrigilatus, Phil, (quasi Anton) Abbild. pi. 2. f. 9. Pan. 
 
 8. 2. Pan. 
 233 6. Ilaliotis corruqata, Mawe, Conch, no. 181. ?=: H. nodosa, Phil. Abbil. 
 
 pi. 2. Calif. 
 233 3. Patella peziza, Gmy = Di.9potaa Bgronemis, Gray, Enc. Metr. MolL 
 
 pi. 4. f. 4 =[? Crucibtdum spmosum, var.]. Chili. 
 
 31, Vori. Beagle. — The Triton scaher is rightly assigned to S. America: 
 there is no satisfactory evidence for its appearance on the N.W. coa.st. The 
 shells so qtioted are probably either imported from the Magellan district, or 
 are Priene Oreyotiensis, jun., or Ocinebra, var. aspera. 
 
 .36. Duclos. — The original article is in the ' Annales Xat. So.,' May 1832, 
 and contains the following species : — 
 
 l-a^e. Plate. Fig. 
 
 104 1 1. Purpura canalicidata, Duel., resembles P. succincta on a small scale, 
 
 Cal.; very rare. [Figured with 10 principal and a few intercalary 
 ribs. = P. decemcodata, Midd.] 
 
 105 1 2. Purpura meloties, Duel. ? — [Panama.] 
 
 109 2 8. Purpura cerdiquadra, Val. MS. [Duel, states that Val. altered his 
 own name to speciosa while the sheet was passing through the 
 press. The latter, however, bears date 1833.J 
 
 111 2 10. Purpura sphteridia, Duel, Cal. [A well-known Sistrutn from th< 
 Facihc Is,] 
 
 10 
 
ON MOLLUSC.V OK THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5»5 
 
 The species quoted in the text from Gnerin, which appear in the Mapr. 
 Zoiil. J*>r \^-i-i, also appear here with the early date. fJlira pol/instcr, a .sutith- 
 eni form, from (luayaijuil, ic, is distinct from all varieties of the (liilf sjKcies, 
 0. Vuminjii; it bears date lUlid. In the same vol. are described and figured — « 
 
 pint.-. 
 
 '2. ('ah/ptr<fa ( Cali/peopsu) ruffota, Less. Payta, Peru. [ = C/*mc. inibricatntn, 
 
 witlioiit pits.] 
 23. Cuiiits hieruylijphua, DucL Probably CaL [A Pacific forai, like C. ahhre- 
 
 ridtii*,'] 
 27. C'l/praa efflttntina, T)nc\. Cal. [A starved var. of -4nWa «;•«///>«, Pacific Is.] 
 
 3S. Litilif DoKfjlas (afterwards known as Lady Wijjram). — Placunaaonua 
 tepio. [The type is an old shell, with taint ribs.j 
 
 I'hicHtmnomia alope. [The type is a young shell, with small sears and 
 faint ribs. The large series of specimens examined in the Smith.sonian col- 
 lections proves that these forms are among the many varieties of /'. macro- 
 schismn. The Indians have a superstitious dread of bundling it. Many more 
 species have since been detected in the Brit. Mus., from the late Lady 
 Wigram's valuable donations, including Mucoma inquhvita. Desh.. dcscribtu 
 from her specimens ; but, as they are evidently from mixed localities, it has 
 not been thought necessary to catalogue them. J 
 
 ;^y. NuttaJl. — The verification of Conrad's species l)eing of considerable 
 impDrtunce, I made diligent search for the original types during a recent 
 tour in the United States. The supposed collection at Harvard University, 
 Cambridge, Mass., has not been discovered by Professor Agassiz. Th» 
 inquiries which Professor Longfellow kindly made at my request resulted in 
 information that it was " in Dr. "NVyman's Mus. Xat. Hist., in the granite 
 buiiiding on Howard Street ; " but no op])ortunity has been afforded of col- 
 lating it, or even of verifying its existence. l)r. Jay rendered me every 
 assistance in studying the ty])es which he has catalogued in his coUpction, 
 now rearranging in his residence at Memironeck, near New York, and gave 
 euch dujjlicates as could be spared for the f-mithsonian Museum. Several 
 Bpccies, however, were not to be found, and some were clearlj- erroneous, as 
 e. g. Llirnna " exocpjra, Conr.," which proved to be C lobata, Brod. ; W. I., 
 teste Cuming ; China, Brit. Mus. The most satisfactory information waa 
 derived from an internew with Mr. Conrad himself at the Acad. Xat. Sci., 
 Philadelphia, where the honorary curator, Mr. "W. G. Binney, aftbrded us 
 all possible aid in eliminating types from the collections of the Academy and 
 of private conchologists in the city. Mr. Nuttall's death (the news of which 
 Was received soon after) prevented his revising the corrections thus obtained. 
 .As he had previously presented a duplicate series of his shells to the Brit, 
 llus.. which had been incorporated with the general collection, and had sig- 
 nified to me his intention to leave the unique specimens to the nation, 1 at 
 once cofhmunicated with the survivors and with Dr. Gray, who was fortunate 
 enough to stop the intended sale, and to secure the shcUs, which were kindly 
 presented by the executors. They are now mounted, and kept in draweis 
 adjoining the Reigen collection, the Vancouver collection, and the Stimp- 
 sonian typical collection of East Coast N. American shells. The foiloM ing 
 is a resume of corrections obtained from these different sources, numbered i^ 
 correspond with the list, Kep. pp. 194-201 : — 
 
 2. " Parapholas " penita [is a Flwladidea]. 
 
 .".. rhttyodon cancelUiius 1= Cn/ptodotUa myoides, Nutt. MS.]. 
 
 4. Cri/ptoilon Ntdtallii, ccnr. [The author, finding the generic name preoccupied 
 changed it to Srhizothanis N. : 18.52, teste Bin. liibl. ; 1854, .Iouiti. A. X. S 
 Phil. p. l'M = LiUrar-ia capiuc, Gld.=i. maxima, Midd., = !/ > tr*M» maximm, 
 
 11 
 
52G REPORT— 18G3, 
 
 Gray. Mr. Xuttall only bi'oii<rlit home yoiinp specimens of tliis extraordirarr 
 shell. In its adult state it a.«f!unie3 either a transvei,-e form ( ='"/«'.?; <>r 
 the elonfrated condition, redescribed in a fossil state as new. Betwet n 
 tht se there is every gradation, as cnn be traced in the magnificent series in 
 the Smiths. Mus. ; and a caskful of the animals in spirits, of various ages, 
 lias affiliated the large shells to the original Nuttallian specimens.] 
 
 10. Pandora punctata [is a Clidiophora. The series so named in the Nuttallian 
 
 collection belongs, however, to the Atlantic CI. trilimafa']. 
 
 11. Solcciiiius lucidus [is almost certainly the young of no. 12. The amount of 
 
 obliquity in the mtemal rib is e.^tremelv variable in the adult spei-inicns]. 
 
 12. Soh'cuiius Xuttallii [^ = Mach(era patida, \)\\on, = Aldus {/rnndig, Umel., teste 
 
 lids, in Mus. Cum. Mr. C.'s "grundis, var.," from Monterey, suits in its 
 proportions for the adult of S. lucidus. The shell has been widely distri- 
 Duted bv commerce, and appears to extend far in a northerly direction. Tlie 
 animal is very beautifully fringed]. 
 
 14. Solvciirtm CaUfornianus [_=S. Dombetji, tei^te Mus. Cuming: non Hani. MS.]. 
 
 15. P»ammolia lui-ijica [is a IL'tcrodana.v, probably identical with the W. Indian 
 
 JL hiinaculata, which is found abundantly in its niimy varieties at Aca- 
 pulco •, = Tellina vidua, C. B. Ad.]. 
 
 17. Sauf/uinolana Californiana [^ = JIacoma inconspicua, Brod. & Sby., and is a 
 
 northern snieciesj. 
 
 18. Sanf/uinulana ruhroradiata [is the young of a large species of Fsammoma']. 
 
 22. TilUiia altu [ = (froni types) ? Scrc^jictdaria hiangidafa, Cpr.]. 
 
 23. [ = Mdcoma edulis, Nutt. ; a northern variety of M. sccta, no. 25, and quite 
 
 distinct from M. cdentuh.~\ 
 20. Tlie locality is not continued, and is probably erroneous. 
 
 27. [Dr. Gould considers his D. ohestis a distinct species ; from a large series, it 
 
 appears identical.] 
 
 28, 29. [These species of Standella, described from young specimens, were tound 
 
 of very large size by Dr. Cooper, with what may prove a third sp'H-ies, 
 perhaps S. nnsuta, Gld., olirn.'j 
 
 "Ob. Tdricola carditoides [with P. arcnafn-^rylindracra, Desh., are varieties of P. 
 Cidifornica. The series preserved in the Smithsonian Museum connects all 
 the extreme fonns]. 
 
 32. Mf/sia tumida, Conr. 5lS. [ = I}{plod(mta orbrlla, Gld., and belongs to the section 
 Spharella, Conr. The label had been assigned by accident to a young valve 
 of a Chione, probably from the Sandwich Is.]. 
 
 83. Tajx's stammea. [This is the extreme southern form of a widely diffused and 
 very variable species, of which the nonnal condition is Saxidonnm Pet if it, 
 Desh.,= Venus rigida, (ild. piars. The principal varieties have been nnmed 
 Tapes diversa, Sby.= Venus mundtdus, Rve., and Venttsruderata, Desh.] 
 
 JJ4. [The Cal fomian Saxidomi divide themselves into three gi-oiips : the large, 
 southern, oval, grooved shells = 6'. aratus, Gld. ; the subquadrate, compara- 
 tively smooth, nortliem shells = <S'. sqtmlidus+ffigantei/s, Desh.; and an 
 intermediate fonn, which is the true S. Tiuttallii, Conr. Some of Mr. Nut- 
 tail's specitnens were, however, the young of S. aratus, of which the adult 
 w.as not known till very recently.] 
 
 85. [The young of this Pachydesma is " Trigona stultorum, Gray," Desh^MS. in 
 British Museum.] 
 
 30. Cyiherea callosa [ = C. nohilis, Eve. It is not a Dosinia, but the type of a new 
 subgi^nus, Aminntis, differing from CaUista as Mei-cenaria does from Venus']. 
 
 S7. Plate li», fig. It! (not 14 nor 15). [The true Venus NidtaUii of Conr. (teste 
 Conr. ips. and types in Mus. Phil. Ac. and Jay) is not the shell here cata- 
 logued, which generally goes by that name, but is a synonym for the V, 
 Californiensis, TjYod.,=:succincfti, Viil. The error was corrected in the Mus. 
 Cum. in time for the right shell to be figvired by Reeve in his recent mono- 
 graph. It is doubtful what name Conrad intended for the shell here cata- 
 logued, which belongs to the group oiStutchhuryi,Jlucfifraga, &c. Ifrenlly 
 distinct from the latter, it may stand as Chione callosa, Sby. jun. (nouConr.)] 
 
 S3. Venuii Californiana [(teste Conr. ips.) was intended for V. Californiensis, 
 Brod. Not having access to the type, it could hardly be recognized by the 
 
 12 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 627 
 
 brief diagnosis. The name should therefore be dropped. The shell, pi. 19, 
 fig. 15 {not l6)=Chioiie ftiniiUimn, iShy.,m}.S9; a good Lower Californian 
 species. It seems that the error was not in numbering of the figures, as 
 Mr. Nuttall supposed, hut i-i Conrad's identification of Broderip's species]. 
 
 ^.Chiinieexioriita (is closely related to Ch. mcciuda; the unique type, however, 
 in Brit. Mus. displays characteristic differences of sculpture. It is singu- 
 larly like the Vi. Indian Ch. aincdlata, and may prove exotic]. 
 
 Al.Cypricinih'aCalifoniicu [=(\ Gi<iiiiaca,ha.in.,= C. Dvpen-yiiUesa. Almost 
 certainly from the Sandwich Is. J. 
 
 45, 456. Cardiinn CuUfuruidtium i=V. NiittaUii, vnr. The species is named '" C, 
 corhis, Mart.," by Desh. MS. in Mus. Brit, and CuiuingJ. 
 
 4C. Cai dill III qiuuhagenai ium \_=C. hdeoUihrum, Gld.]. 
 
 51. 0. a.ih'ii, no. 32. 
 
 66. Jlodiolii redd. [Described fi-om very young specimens. The broad form 13 
 M.fabellafa, Gld.1 
 
 69. Mytiiiis bifiirratm. {The type is lost ; the fijjure and description wnuM suit 
 many speciv.'S. It is allocated, in Mus. Cum., to the Calitomian Sepiif^r^ 
 but by Pease to a Sandwich Island Mi/tilus.'] 
 
 CO. [None of Conrad's species of Isojin vion have been confirmed as from Califor- 
 nia. They are known to inhabit the Pacific Lslands.] 
 
 626. [Mr. Nuttall also broupht an oyster, which he named in 5IS. O. laftcniidafu, 
 = 0. liirida, var. ; and Hinnites yiijaideiis, Gray, = /f. Poidsnui, Coiu\ ] 
 
 64. [Dr. Gould states that //. Nichliniaua, Lea, = .ff. Cidiforniensis, Pfr., Chemn., 
 Rve. ; but that //. CalifiiniiensL, Lea. is distinct.] 
 
 69. Helix Townseiidiiina \ =11. <enigmosa, Gld. MS.]. 
 
 74. Chiton Xidtallii [is an IschiKcititon]. 
 
 lb. Chiton acutiis [is an abeirant fonn of Mopalia. '' Chiton connimilis" Nutt. ilH. 
 in Brit. Mus., appears to be Mopalia Iliiidm, var. " Chiton Califvrnicus '' 
 Nutt. yiS.,=" Aea/ithopleiira " scabra, live.]. 
 
 77. Patella muniiltata, Nutt. [(non Esch.) is now assigned in Mus. Cuming to 
 AciiKPa scabra, Nutt., var. liiiiafida^. 
 
 83. Fissuiella onuda, Nutt. [ = F. volcano, Rve."'. 
 
 Si. (iliiphia den idathrata, live. \_V. antea, p. 522. The shell has been lost.] 
 
 fil5. H. Call oniiensis, Swains, [(not Californiana, Val., = r?//escf».>t), is an •-xtrenie 
 var. of II. Cracherodii. The series in the Smithsonian Mus. have 5, (!, 7, 
 8, and 9 holes; as soon as it has 10 and 11, it passes into Californieii.sis, 
 which was figured in 1821 with 9 holes. When these are numerous, they 
 are generally small in proportion]. 
 
 91. Callio'stoina doliariiim [=C. canalicidatum, M^drt. This and C. annulatttvif 
 
 Mart., are quite distinct from C.Jilosum, which= C. costrtfiim, Mart.^. 
 
 92. Omphalius (iter [is the S. Amei-ican species. The common Californian shell is] 
 94. O. marginatum, Nutt. MS. [ = fiiiiebralis, A. Ad.]. 
 
 976. The collection contains one specimen of Crcpidida dorsata. 
 103. [Is a Serjndorbis, without operc, tt'Ste Cooper.] 
 
 100. Litorina tenebrata [slu)uld be patida, Gld. (non Jeffr.). Nuttall's MS. name 
 was published by Phil, in 1845]. 
 
 107. Natica ?marocca)ia, var. Californica. [The varietal name must be dropped. 
 
 The shell certainly came from the Sandwich Islands.] 
 
 108. [The shell is Vifulmia salebrosa, jun., and not] Ranvlla triqiicfra. 
 
 109. Mitra maura [Swaiu ., teste Rve. (?\x\i\)=M. orieiUalis, Gray, =M. " Chi- 
 
 lensi-i," Kien.J. 
 no. Olirella (/landinaria, Nutt. [ = 0. biplicata, Shy.]. 
 
 112, 113. Purpura aperta and F. harpa fare certainly from the Sandwich Islands!, 
 114. Purpura eniarginata [was described by Desh. from an immature specimen iij 
 
 which a half-formed knob caused an " emargination." The adult is one 
 
 very extreme form; P. ostrina, Gld., is another ; P. fmcata, IHjs., is a third. 
 
 The normal condition is P. lapilbis, Cooper (npn Linn.),=s«J"('co/a, \'al. 
 
 Mr. Nut'all's collection also contflins] T. criitpata, var. 
 lin. Monoceros brevidens [is an accidentally short-toothed form of M. InpiUoide^], 
 118. Cvrostoma Xuttallii .with C./oliaium and C.monoccros, Shy., belongs to ISit' 
 
 purida], 
 
 13 
 
528 REPORT— 1863. 
 
 The speoimens numbered 2, 5. 8, 9. 19, 21, 28-31, 36, 44, 4G, 49, oO, .^2-.-4, PC, 
 CO. (>4-(57, 70-72, 70, 84, 86-88, 98, 101, 103, 104, and 109 do not appear in the 
 Brit. ilus. Nuttallian collection. 
 
 41. Vo;/. Venus. — Rev. Zool. and Guer. Mag. 
 j4rcn trnpczia \^ = A.tuhercul'isa']. 
 
 Saxirava Icf/innen [ = S. pho/odis: Pfrom hole oi Lithophagus]. 
 Pctricola arcitdto [=the normal state of P. carditoirfe^ Conr.J. 
 Pvtricoln cylimlracea [ = a .«hort fomi of the same sp., developing ridges of growth, 
 
 like Tn/M'S nuivnita, Desh.]. 
 Veneriipis (ligantca [ = Sd.cidfmim sqi/alidits, Desh.l. 
 Cynricardia Ihiperreyi [_=C. Guinaiaca, Lam.,= t'. Calif nrnica, Coax. A Sandwich 
 
 Island species, twice quoted, hut not continued, from Cal.]. 
 Cardium Ldpernussii [is an Aphrodite, like Gra'tdandicum, but more transvers"^, and 
 
 with lateral teeth less developed. This verv" rare and probably boreal shell has 
 
 just been identified from Adm. SirE. Belcher's coll.]. 
 Cardium Californiense, Desh. [is not C. Calif oruiamtm (=Xi/ffalh'i), Conr. : 1)ut= C 
 
 pneiuhfas-tilc, live.. 1844. The name of Desh. is unfortunate, as his shell is the 
 
 Kamtschatkan form with strong ribs. The Californian form is smaller, with 
 
 fainter ribs,= C hhindum, Old.]. 
 Purpura Frei/cindii [is figured from a very extreme form of the Japanese specie* 
 
 P. ostrina pa.ssfs into similar varieties]. 
 Telutina Miillrri [probably = V. Jatrignta, which reaches Vancouver]. 
 Lucina m'stata [= Tellidora luriulata, Holmes; described from the Pleistocene of S. 
 
 Carolina, and lately dredged alive by Dr. Stimpson ; not T. Burneti\ 
 
 The following may be added to Deshaycs' list : — 
 
 PI. 81. TeUina liifamentina, Desh., 1843. Hab. ? — \^ = Macoma seda, Conr.] 
 
 Tellina Japoiiica, Desh., in Mus. Cum. [also appears to be M.sfcta. jun.]. 
 
 In Yalonciennes' plates to the Vo\-. Vcn. have been recognized tlie follow- 
 ing West Coa.st species and synonyms, in addition to those quoted in Hep. 
 pp. 20.'i-204:— 
 
 PUte. Fig. 
 
 3 2. Trochtis ditidmiafus, Val. [resembles Pomnulnx mulosux, jun.. but the sur- 
 
 face is faintly wrinkled all over; umbilical re<iion not chiseled: and 
 operc. not ridged. It is irobably intended for Pac/ij/ponia yibberosuml^. 
 
 4 1. Trocfius ruhiffiuosti,i, Yfil. [probably = F. a«««//rt/Ms, Mart.]. 
 
 2. Trochus pel/ucidus, \ii[. [resembles T. lima, Vanamnl. 
 3. Buccinii?n Prerostii, \a.\. lTpTohiih\y = I'isii»iiipaffodus]. 
 
 8 1. Purpura bufomdes, Val. [appears one of the many vars. of P. biserialis]. 
 
 9 1. Purjmra i-uprstris, YrI. [j^Toh&h\\ =: 3f»noceros luffubre, mn.]. 
 
 10 1. Murex acimliifer, Val. [^is represented with labral tooth and closed canal ; 
 but resembles C. festtvus. lids.]. 
 
 3. Mure.i' tortum (Brod.), Val. [resembles Ph. princeps, with a very poor 
 
 operc., badly drawn]. 
 
 16 1. Venu.$ Thmuirm, Val. [? =muUicostata, Shy. ; figured with very broad, 
 
 smooth, close ribs, scarcely indented, except in the middle]. 
 3. Venu-t pcrfutindoides, Val. [is probably T. grata, not histriontca]. 
 
 17 2. Cardiutn svhelongatum (live.), Val. [appearsssC. ;>roccrj//n, jun.]. 
 
 18 2. Pecten comatus, ^'al. (may he=ha}<tatu»,]\in. ; but, althoufrh figured with 
 
 out the red spot, it most resembles Hin. gigattteus, jun.]. 
 
 19 1. Pecten rrcavatm, Val. l=Janira dentata, Sby.l. 
 3. „ jwmatia, \'ii\.[nmy he = P.ventricomt8, jan.']. 
 
 4. 
 21 
 22 1. 
 
 „ rastellinnm, Val. [ = P. ha^atus, \\xn.\ 
 Ontrea gallus, Val. [" Acapulco," with large Y^d±es,=:0.megcdon, Ilan!.]. 
 Cardita arcella, Val. [?= Ven. radiata, Shy.]. 
 
 2. „ modulosa (\j»m.),\fi\. \^ = Lazaria ajfinis], 
 
 3. „ Umjida (Lam.), Val. [= Ven. laticostuta], 
 5. „ Michelini, \'al. [= V. Cuvieri]. 
 
 23 2, Kimda divaricatn, \'al. [probably = A^. cantrengis], 
 
 24 1. Penitella Couiadi, Val. lm&\ hn = Pholadidea oioideal, 
 
 u 
 
0\ MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 529 
 
 . Plate. Fig. 
 
 2. PmtteUa xilophnga, Yal. [may be the ndiilt of fipr. 4], 
 
 3. Penitel a tiihigera, Val. [may possibly be intended for Ph. penita], 
 
 4. Pholas rostrata, Val. [is probably = 3 etes^wno Daminii, 8by. jun.]. 
 
 6. Ungulina hdicola,\ fA. [may be an extremely bad Petricola robustaj. 
 . 6. Corhulu luticola, \.i\. [is \iTo\ia\AY = Sphceniafragilis]. 
 
 7. Bornia luticola, Val. \ — Kellia Laperoussii], 
 
 8. Saricava clava, Val. [ = >S'. legumen, Uesh., = S.pholadi«, var.]. 
 
 The identification of these species ia attended with great uncertainty, as 
 the types have not been seen, and the artist appears to have studied effect 
 rather than accuracy. 
 
 42. Voyage of Sulphur. — The tj^es of these species appear to have been 
 scattered. Only a part are now to be found in the vcrj- valuable collection 
 of Admiral Sir E. Belcher, in which most of the shells are, unfortunately, 
 destitute both of names and of locality-marks. 
 
 Mure.v Belcheri [belongs to Purpuridas, and may be considered the type of 
 the genus Chorus]. 
 
 Ranella Ccdifornica. [After comparing a series with the Cumingian speci- 
 mens of li. ventricosa, it appears that the diagnostic characters are not con- 
 stant.] 
 
 MarghulJa snpotilla. [The type in Mus. Cuming is much smaller than 
 the ordinary condition of M. p>>'unum=crerulescens. Lam., to which species 
 the common Panama shells were referred by Mr. Cuming. In his collection, 
 however, they stand thus : — Ordinary Panamic type " sapotiUa, Hds. : 5-13 
 fras., sandy mud, Panama, H.C." Another tablet of the true Panama shells 
 " Manjinella, n. sp., Panama," — " San Domingo " having been crossed out. 
 The small West Indian form, analogous to the tj-pical sapotiUa, is given as 
 *' qlnns, Mke." The large West Indian shells, with violet tinge behind the 
 labrnm, are " ctrrulescens, Lam., Panama," without authoritj". Another series 
 of the W. Indian type is given as " ccprulescens, var.. Lam., 10 fms., sandy 
 mud, Panama," without authority. Either habitat-errors have crept into the 
 Cumingian labels, or else Mr. lledpath's observation will not hold, viz. that 
 the Atlantic shells have a posterii r pinch on the labrum, which is not seen 
 in the Pacific. All the authentic series examined from the two coasts bear 
 out his view. There wiU be two opinions as to whether this be more than 
 a mere local distinction.] 
 
 Solarium quadriceps. [On comparing suites of S. granuhsum from the 
 Texan coast with series from the Gulf of California, it appeared that on each 
 side of the Peninsula the shells went through similar changes in strength of 
 sculpture, size of umbilicus, number of spiral granules, &c. ; nor could any 
 clue be obtained by which the coasts could be separated in a mixed collection. 
 Hinds's shell stands at the furthest extreme of removal from S. granulatum.'] 
 
 43. U. S. Exploring E.vpedition. — The shells of this collection M'ere depo- 
 sited in the Patent Office in Washington, D.C., where, notwithstanding the 
 great care of Mr. Varden, the curat6r, they were not a little tampered-with. 
 I)r. Gould laboured under great difficulties in his work of description ; he 
 had access only to that part of the collection which happened to be unpacked 
 and exposod to view during the brief period that his professional engagements 
 allowed of his visiting the capital ; and his request to be allowed to take 
 doubtful shells to Europe for identification was refused. The materials also 
 were of an unsatisfactory kind, a large proportion of the specimens being 
 much weathered, and many of the locality-marks being manifestly erroneous. 
 If occasional errors have been detected in his great work, they may fairly be 
 »et down to causes over which the author had no control. Many of these 
 
 18G3. U -.^ 
 
530 REPORT — 1863. 
 
 have been corrected by Dr. Gould himself, in his * Otia Conchologica,' 
 Boston, 1862, which contains the various papers in the 'Proceedings of tne 
 Boston Soc. of Xiit. Hist.,' with an appendix. After the organization of the 
 Smithsonian Institution, all the natural-history collections belonging to the 
 Federal Government were transferred to its keeping, with liberty to exchange 
 duplicates. The shells remained unopened, and the types not accessible, till, 
 at the request of Professor Henry, I undertook the arrangement of the col- 
 lections. Fortunately, a considerable part of the shells professing to be 
 the figured tj-pes of the new species were found together, with the artist's 
 marks corresponding with the plates and figures. The result of the exami- 
 nation, so far as the general collection is concerned, svUl shortly be prepared 
 for the press ; it is sufficient here to tabulate the observations on the N.W. 
 American species, which were, as it happened, the most satisfactorily pre- 
 served in the whole series. The following additional particulars include the 
 *' Rectifications " in the ' Otia,' the paging of which is continued from the 
 " Expedition Shells " quoted in Rep. p. 209. The quarto volume quoted ia 
 p. 210 is distinguished as " E. E. Mollusca." The folio atlas of plates bears 
 date on title 1856, but was not published till 18G1, teste Binn. Bibl. vol. i« 
 p. 504. The comparisons of types were made in 1860, from a proof copy. 
 
 Otia, Page. 
 
 3. Chiton lignoxiis^-l^Mopalict] 3Ierckii, Midd., test. Gld. E. E. Moll, [from 
 worn specimens := Ch. 3Iontereyensis, Cpr., from perfect shells.] 
 230. Chiton {ChfBtopleura) vespertiims. Perhaps =CA. liffnosus, \ar. [A 3/o- 
 palia, difiering slightly in the amount of posterior wave. The fig. in 
 E. E. Moll, is made-up from broken specimens.] 
 
 6, 242, Chiton (Onithochiton) dcntiens. [The shell sent as t}"pe of this species, 
 
 and all the others seen from the coast, agree in belonging to Ischnochiton, 
 and are not dentate, as would be presumed from the figures and dia<r- 
 nosis. As Dr. Gould's toothed Onithochiton may hereafter be foimd, the 
 Smithsonian shells have been named Isch. pseudodentienK.'\ 
 ♦, 242. Chiton (Chcftopleura) miiscosus. \^ = Acanthoplvura inuscosa, II. & A. Ad. 
 Gen.,= CA. omafm, Nutt. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 2S2, + Mopalia consiinilis, 
 Nutt. MS. in B. M. This beautiful species is a true Moj>alia.~\ 
 230. Chiton (Leptorhiton) interstindus. Resembles C. Sit/'hmsis, Midd. [=Cal- 
 lochiton i., H. & A. Ad., Gen. It is a true Ischnochiton. The genera of 
 Chitonidae cannot always be ascertained by external characters alone, as 
 indicated in Messrs. .Vdams's genera. All the species in the Smithsonian 
 Museum have been dissected.] 
 
 7, 242. Patella {T<'ctura)Jimhriata=P. ctni Rve. [^=:Acmeea pelfa, Each.]. 
 9, 242. Patella (Nacella) instahi/is. [Varies greatly in proportions. I 
 
 9, 242. Lottia (Tectura) jnntadina. [The types represent the normal condition of 
 Acnuea patina. One variety is A. eribraria, Gld. MS. The speci- 
 mens of A. fnesjkuca intermixed by Dr. G. in the Mexican War collec- 
 tions were, no doubt, affiliated by an oversight.] 
 
 10, 243. Patella {Tectura) teutilie is a var. of T. persona, Esch. [A well-marked 
 form of delicate growth, passing from A. persona into A. peltn, var. ; 
 from the young of which some specimens can hardly be distinguished, 
 except by the fretted pattern.] 
 
 10, 243. Patella ( Tectura^ scabra^spectntm (Nutt.), Rve., not scabra (Nutt.), Rve. 
 [The type-specimens belong to two species, f. 456, 466a, being A. spec- 
 trum, Xutt., while 450i represents the flattened variety of A. persona, 
 Escli. (approaching the form digitalis, Esch.). As the diagnosis best 
 accords with the latter shell, P. scabra, Gld., may stand as a synonym of 
 persona, var. ; the intermixed specimen, accidentallv figured as belonging 
 to the species, being removed to siwctrum, Nutt. Thus the name scabra, 
 not beinsr needed as first described, will remain for Nuttall's species, 
 described by live., but firet named in print by Jay.] 
 
 16 
 
ON MOtLUSCA OF THE WKST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 531 
 
 Jt'«. Page. 
 
 1<3. Crepidula lituftdata. [Described from a worn specimen. Perfect shells 
 
 cannot be separated from C. hilubata, Kve.,= C'. ? dorsata, var. bilubata, 
 Miiz. Cat., nor from the siippos d C. dormta in Mas. Cnni.] 
 is. Crepidula numtnaria. [Descrioed from an aberrant, worn, and rounded 
 
 specimen. The normal state is C. navicelloides, Niitt. "When gvowii 
 in hollow bivalves, it becomes nummana : the contrary extreme, irrown 
 in crj'pts of borers, with another shell or crab over it, is erphuiata, 
 Gld., = exuviata, ^ utt., =perforans, Val. The Les-ionoid form i.H ('. 
 fimhriata, Rve. The young appears to be V. minuta, Midd. But the 
 " C. numtnaria, Old.," of Mus. Cum., is quite a distinct species, not known 
 from the American coast.] 
 50, 244. Katicu (Lunatia) caurina+ | r r ii-j t> p eu t 
 OO, 244. Xafica (Lunatia) .oluta \ ^ = ^- P""''^"' ^'- * ^^y-^- 
 50, 244. Aatica (Lunntia) a/>/ida ; " R. Negro," E. E. Shells ; " Oregon," E. E. Mo'l. 
 [vere:=youngof L. Lew isii, did., July 1847, = 7y. herri)l(cu, y\kld., 184'Jl. 
 52. Lacuna carinata, Old., Nov. 1848 \L. soliduki, Lov., 184(?. Finmark]. 
 
 o2,24o. Litorina patula, Gld. [non Jetfr.], Mar. \SVd,—L.p!anaxis [Nutt.l, Phil., 
 
 1847. 
 LH, 53. Litorina lepida, scutulata, et 2)lena [are shown by lai-ge series to be varietita 
 
 of one species]. 
 09. Litorina cincta, Old., Aug. 1847, Puget Sd. [ = L. Sifrhann, Pliil., 1845. 
 
 This species appears to have been ovei-looked in the K. \L Moll.] 
 61. Cerithium irroratuni, Gld. [= C. ohesuni, Shy. sen., teste II. (Jiimiiig. Tho 
 
 type proves this to be an E. I. species, and not the Panamic C utercug- 
 mu-scanim, Val., as supposed bv Dr. (ild. : v. C. V'. Ad. in loeo^. 
 C2. Cerithium Jilomm, Old., May 1840 [= rurritel/a Eschrirhtii, Midd., 1849, 
 
 {Bittium). Comp. C.Jilosum, V\n\., Z. f. M. 1848, p. 84. California]. 
 04, 245. Fusus (liela)Jidicula. 
 
 (H, 245. Fubiis {Troj)hnn) Orphem [(non Raird.) = T. Fabricii, ^loll., in T5r. Mus.] 
 (J7, 245. Buccinum {Nansa, s. g. Tritia) fo»<atunt. Ctpsia in Ind. p. 253. [ = 3'. 
 
 elegans, Rve., 1842, non Dujardin : =Zaphon e., Add.1. 
 70,245. Kassn (Tritia) mendica=JV. Wooilwardi, Fbs., 1850 [^from types:-|-A"l 
 
 Gibbesii, Coop.]. 
 71, 245. Columbcllu (Aha) gaitmpafa. [Belongs to the Nassoid group, Ami/cln.] 
 75. ^-t!/" pracisa \_ = M. truncata. Scarcely even a variety j but approaches 
 
 the fomi Aldrovandi.] 
 7G, 245. Lutraria (Tresus) capax. [Dr. G. re%'ives his excellent name; L. maxima, 
 Jonas, 1844, being anterior to Midd. Conrad's name, Miizot/icerus 
 Kuttallii, is, however, very much earlier.] 
 77, 24G. Ostvodesma (Lyonsia) hrartmtum [+0. nifidum, Old., in different states 
 of preservation, = Z. Californica, Con'- The "golden niiere " of O. brac- 
 tcatunt is due to incipient decay, tis t:<nerally happens in .Anoniiads"!. 
 £3, 24G. Cardita (Actinobolus) ventricom. [Appears to be a local variety of the 
 ancient Miocene species, Venericardia borealiis;+C. occidentalis, Conr., 
 + C. subtenta, Conr. (fossil) probably.] 
 83. Cardium bfandum, 1850. [A finely grown ?vnr. of C C(difornienxr, Desh., 
 
 18.'i0, Midd. (non C. Californianutn, Conr., 1837, = coi-bis, var. ) = (\pset/dc>^ 
 fossile, Rve., 1844. The name is so like the preoccupied Californianum 
 that it may advantageously be dropped.] 
 8& Venus ritjida, 1850 [non DiUw. 1817. It is fortunate that the name is 
 
 not needed, as the author has joined two verj- different species, both 
 of which have other names. The original Latin diagnosis applies to the 
 rough northern fonn of Tapes staminea, Conr., which is the Sa.iidomi.s 
 Petitii of Desh., and includes V. rttderata, Desh. But the " specimen, 
 3^ in. long," which modified the description in the E. E. Moll., &rd is 
 figured at f. 538, proves to be the adult form of Tapes tcncrrima, ».'nr.- 
 P. Z. S. July 1856. which is a Califomian and not a Panamic species, 
 as had been supposed from Col. Jewett's label]. 
 PT, 24G. Anodonta cognatn — A. Oregonensis, Lea (prol)ably). 
 87. Aiwdonta feminalis [=..4. anr/ulata, var., teste Lea]. 
 
 2 n 
 
532 K^poBT— 18G3. 
 
 Otia, Page. 
 83. Mytihts (Mo(1iola')JI(ihellafus. [The nortlipni form o^ ^ro(lio'nrerfn,Cmt, 
 
 The *' specimens from the Gnil" of California " must have been M. lira- 
 
 zUii-nsis, intermixed by accident.] 
 94. Mt/tiltis trossu/us [is scarcely a variety of 3/. edidis, whicli is very abui.dnnt 
 
 along tlie coast, under its usual modifications of forau and colour; but 
 
 generally of small size]. 
 9o. Pecti'ti hericms, Gld. [=P- hasfntus, Sby. sen.]. 
 
 07, 24G. 7'ercbrafiila ( Wahlheimia) pnlvinata. 
 97, 241). Terebratula {Terebratella) caurina. 
 E. E. MolL 
 
 Pagp. 
 
 1 1.?. Ph)wrhis corpiilentm is of Say. 
 
 14-"<. Melanin plicifera is of Lea. 
 
 4^')l». Aitodonta wigulata is of I^ea. 
 
 2'JO. iScalaria Vnu-stralis [is abimdantly confirmed from tht Vancouver district. 
 
 It should be called Opulia borealix, Old.]. 
 244. Purjnira ostrina, Gld., 'Otia,' p. 225 [is an aberrant smooth var. of P. 
 
 lapillus, Coop., non Ln. ; the normal state boing P. saxicoht, Val.]. 
 
 The following species, described in the ' Otia ' and ' E. E. Moll.' as from * IS. 
 Zealand ' and an unknown locality, are really from Puget Sound. 
 
 Otia, Page. 
 
 60, 24o. Trochm pupillw), Gld., M.areh 1849: N. Zealand (Zizipln'nttx in Index) : = 
 Miirtptrita calodoma, A. Ad., 1851. Coiiip. T. iiiodesfus, Midd. [which 
 is, however, = //(/«/»«, Gld., = ros/ff^Ms, Mart. Tliis species is named in 
 the B. M. Col. "" M. costellala, Sby.," but is distinct, teste A. Ad. & 
 Mus. Cum.]. 
 64, 21.'>. Ftmis (^Xeptunted) iticmis, Gld., May 1840. Iliib. ? — [=Tn'tv7uitm 
 (^Fusus) Sitchense, Midd., \%\^, = Bitccinum dinim, Kve., 184(3.] 
 B. A. Rep. 
 I'age. 
 
 210. Veyitis calcarea Tis correctly described by Dr. G. as from N. Zealand; 
 
 although quoted by him as the (Jregon analogue of V. viercenariuj. 
 
 211. Tclliiia Ctdifoniica, Conr. \_ = 3Iacoma inconspicutt]. 
 
 211. Triton tiffr'num [is from Central America, nut] Puget Sd. 
 211. Pvcten Fabricii, Phil, [is the young of Isl'tndicus : Dr. G.'s shells are the 
 young of P. (" ritbidus, ?var.") Hindsii\ 
 
 211. Fustis cancellinus. [Ur. G.'s shells are Ocimbra, var. aspera.'\ 
 
 212. Purpura Uij/enn, Gld. [MS., is probably saricola, var.]. 
 
 213. Pecten Touiisendi [has not been identified]. 
 
 213. Venus ampliata [is believed by Dr. G. to have been first designated by him 
 as a species, afterwards proved = ri]y/rfa (Petitii), var.]. 
 
 44. Middendorff. — The synonymy given in Hep. pp. 214-222 is that of 
 the author, not of the writer of the Report, who is by no moans prepared to 
 accept the learned doctor's identification of species. The three Chitons quoted 
 with doubt from Tilesius have not been confirmed, as from Kamtschatka, by 
 any other writer. The Ch. (jifiantms has the aspect of the large Ischnochiton 
 Magdalensis ; the Ch. muricatits belongs to the Lophyrus group, which is not 
 known so far north ; and the Cli. setosus has also a S. American aspect. The 
 treatise " De Chitone Gif/anteo Camtschatico atlditamentum ad Zoographiam 
 llosso-Asiaticum, auctore Tilesio," was read March 19, 1S23, and published 
 in 1824. It contains a verj- vahiable and (for that period) remarkable account 
 of the anatomy of Chitons, but it docs not profess to name and describe species 
 in the modern sense. The names, therefore, had bettor bo dropped. Midden- 
 dorfTs new species were first described in the ' Bulletin de la Classe Physico- 
 Mathematique de I'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg,' a 
 work of which few complete copies are known in England, under the follow- 
 ing dates. 
 
 April 20, 1847: vol. vi. No. 8 (total number 123). 
 
 18 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 533 
 
 Column. 
 
 llti. CJiifon Steflcn'. n. 9.,= C. amiculatits, Sby., Rve., non Pallas. 
 
 117. Chiton Pa/lnsii, n. 8. 
 
 117. Chiton Brandtii, n. 8. 
 
 118. Chiton Mert4ntii, n. s. [Igchnochitonl. 
 
 118. Chiton Eschscholtzii, n. s. 
 
 119. Chiton WosnessenskiifXi.a. [A typical J/bw/w : mantle indented beliind.] 
 ll'O. Chiton Merckii, n. s. \_=Ch. liynosas, Uld., July 18Mi: = JIopiilia Montcrci/en- 
 
 sis, Cpr.]. 
 
 120. Chiton tivulm, n. s. 
 
 121. Chiton scrobictilntus, n. 8., California. 
 121. Chiton Sitchensis, n. s. 
 
 Nov. 1847 (read April 28): vol. vi. No. 20 (total number 140). 
 
 317. Patella (?Acmfpa) ancyloides, n. a. [Probably a delicately gi'own ymm<^ patitin : 
 
 the diagnosis, however, suits tt.vtifi.s. Name afterwards altered to jnr- 
 souoidfti, to distingnisli from Propilidiuin nnri/loide, ¥hs.\ 
 
 318. Pati'lla (?Acmfpa) (enxjinosa, w.s. [ Probably =<fjr<j7j«, Gld., 1846; but the 
 
 fifrure is more like scabra, Nutt.] 
 318. Patella (? AcmcBa) pileolus, n. a. [Probably the joim;? of A.pelta ; but assigned 
 in Mus. Cum. to a very ditierent shell, = .4. rosacea, Cpr.J 
 
 318. Patella (?Acni(ea) Asmi, n. s. [A specimen of A. pelta, in Dr. Cooper's col- 
 
 lection, began life as A. Asmt.] 
 311). Patella {?Acma:a) caca; genuiua, vertice erecto, Atlantic. 
 
 319. Patella (?Acm^a) ceeca, var. concentrica ; vertice subiuHexo ; with crowded 
 
 lamellpe of growth. 
 1849 ; read Oct. U, 1848 : vol. vii. No. IGO. " Vorlaiifige Anzeige einiger neuei 
 Konchylien aus den Gescblechtem : Litoriu ', &c., von Dr. A. Th. v. MidJendortf." 
 241no. 1. Litorina grandis. [The specimens in B. M. and Mus. Cum. appear to 
 
 represent a large var. of L. litorea.l 
 242 2. Litorina Kurila (like tenehrom). 
 
 24.i 3. Litorina subtenebrosa. [Probably an extreme var. of i. Sitchana.'\ 
 24^i 4. Tritonium { Vtisus) antiquum, Ln., var. Behringiana. 
 24^3 5. Tritonium (Fusus) Behringii. 
 24^3 6. Tritonium (Fusvs) Baerii. 
 244 7. Tritonium (Fusus) Sitchcnse [probably = CI%r. </tV«?, Rve., var. ; but stated 
 
 to be " e livido viridesceute ; columella sa?piu8 umbilicata"J. 
 244 8. Tritonium (Fusus) luridum [= Vituhiria as^Kra, Baird, smooth form]. 
 244 9. Tritimium (Bucrinum) simplex. 
 
 244 10. Tritonium (Burcinum) Ochotense. 
 
 24.5 11. Tritonium (Buccinum) vmlutum, Linn., var. Schantarica. 
 
 245 12. Tritonium (Buccinum) ooides. 
 
 245 13. Bullia ampullacea [is the genus Volutharpa of Fi.«cher]. 
 
 246 15. Natica hercuheu, N orth California [ = i. Leivisii, Gld., .luly 1847]. 
 240 16. Margarita arctica, Leach, var. major. 
 
 In the text of the 4to volumes, the following corrections are suggested, the 
 numbers referring to the page in the B. A. Report which contains the abstract. 
 
 Report, 215. Aanaa scutum, D'Orb. [is quite distinct from A. persona, Esch. The 
 latter, as figured by Midd., is. a very young shell, not certainly be- 
 longing to the species]. 
 
 216. Turritella Eschrichtii. [=J5//^«wm.;?/os?OH, Gld., May 1849. Thera 
 being no month-date to Midd. 's species, the excellent name of Gld., 
 which may also be of Phil. 1848, should be retained.] 
 
 216. Trochus ater and mcestus [are well-marked South American species. 
 Probably the shells intended are Chlorostoma funcbrah; A. Ad., 
 and its congeners.] 
 
 216. Trochus eurgomphalus [ = Phorrtts pidligo, Mart., teste Dohml. 
 
 216. Trochus modestus, Md. l=filosus,\\d., = Calliostoma costatum, Martyn"'. 
 
 21(». Trochus ( Turbo ^ Fokkesii [is from the peninsula of Lower Cal.]. 
 
 216. Natica flava, Gld. [" is entirely ditlereut from any of the synonyms 
 under it," teste Old.]. 
 
 19 
 
534 REPORT — 18G3. 
 
 ilypoit, 210. Scalarta Ochntenm's [appears an aberrant Opalla; but is the genus 
 Aeirta of Morch, closely allied to Mcntilia, teste A. Ad.]. 
 
 21 G. Crfjiidiila ^^itchatia [ia figured like the voud'T of i/ruudis ; but the 
 specimens in Mus. Cum., when compared with the similar st.ige of 
 v. excavittu, display no dillierences either inside, outside, or in the 
 nuclear whorls]. 
 
 SIT). C)<indula viinuta [appears the young of C. naricelhiiilvs, Xutt.] 
 
 210. Cniuihila f/randis [fossil at Sta. Barbai'a, = C. priiict-jhi, Com-. Can 
 hai-dly be distinguished from very fine specimens oi C furnkuta, 
 sent from Halifax, Xova Scotia, by Mr. Willes]. 
 
 217. Trichotrojm cancvUata, lids, [is quite distinct from T. borealis']. 
 
 217. Purpura decvmcostata, Midd. [ = 7*. c«^/a/jCM/a<a, Duel. Var. =P. aN 
 tenuata, live. Var. = P. analoya, Fbs.] 
 
 217. Tritonium (Trnphon) clathratum, Ln. [is distinct from the shouldered 
 3/. midticmfatus, Esch.,= 6'M«/im, Lov.]. 
 
 217. Triionitnn {Fuhuh) decemcostatum [=C%r. yiiddi-ndurffii, Cooper= 
 
 Chr. liratus, Martyn.] 
 
 218. Tritonium (Buccinitni) cancelhdum [Midd., non] Lam. \_ = l'riene 
 
 Orcffonensis, Kedf. P. cancilhda is the Cape Horn species. .Some 
 specimens in alcohol in Sir E. Belcher's collection, however, said 
 to be from Icy Cape, grestdy resemble the southern shelF. 
 218. Tritonium (I'ollia) scahrtah [is exclusively a S. American sliell. Dr. 
 M.'s shell may have been Ocituhrn, var. asperal. 
 
 218. Pecten rubiduSfllds. [non yi&vt\n, = P. Islandicui, Mull. Midd."8pl.l.3. 
 
 f. 1-3 are marked m expl. of plates " Miindicus, var. IMu-imjiana ; " 
 they are probably ('" rnhidiis, rvar.") Iliiidsii. But the fi^s. 4-G 
 are certainly the young of Hinnites yiijanteus]. 
 
 219. Venertipis f/if/antca. [Decorticated specimens of Sa.ridomus squ(didus.'\ 
 210. Pf'frico/a (jilhu. [Elongated iormoici/iindr<ice(i,D(iS>h.,=cardi(oidis,\ic: J 
 
 219. MacJucru costata. [The figures represent M. pidula, Dixon.] 
 
 220. Cinf/uhi viinuta [" is quite distinct from Ilydrohia ulcfe," teste Gld.], 
 220. J'thdina cri/ptospira. [Probably a LrnncKuria.'] 
 
 220. Purpura Frci/cincttii, Desli. [is quite distinct from attenuatn. Bve. It 
 
 is doubtful wliether Midd.'s shells belong to Desh.'s species]. 
 
 221. Ttri-hratuhi frontalis, Midd. 1851, named in 1849, [may be the young 
 
 of Waldhiimia Coreunica, Ad. & live., ISoO, =■ Terebratellu miniatu, 
 Old., 1800, teste A. Ad., Rve.]. 
 221. Antarte lactva, ( ild. [is distinct from A. Scotica, teste Gld.]. 
 
 221. TiUina fuscu. Say [is distinct from T. solidida, though it niay= T. hnl- 
 
 thica ; teste (ild. Macoma inconsjncua, Br. & Sbv., is distinct from 
 both]. 
 
 222. Li/onsia hyalina [is distinct from L. Norre(jica\ 
 
 222. Macheera costata, Say. [Dr. Gould does not believe that any of Midd.'s 
 synonyms belong to this species. iS ili-n nn-diits, in Br. Mus., appears 
 = 6'. unibiguus, Lam., as figured by Swains. It is not a Macheera.'] 
 
 45. Samarancj. — Litonna castanea, Ad. & Rve., 1850. " Eastern Seas," 
 p. 49, pi. 11. f. 8 [appears identical with L. SitcMna, Phil.]. 
 
 46. E. B. PhUlppi. — CohimbeUn tceniata, Phil., 1846 [is prohably identical 
 with Anachis Guskuinei, Cpr. But C tceniata, Ad. »fe Eve., 1850, is perhaps 
 a yitidella]. 
 
 47. The " Mexican War Naturalists.'" — These were Major Rich and Tiei;.t. 
 (ireen. Col. E. Jewctt was not connected with the war, as would be supposed 
 from the introduction to Dr. Gould's pamphlet. The following corrections 
 apply to the new species tabulated in Rep., pp. 226-228. The species of (iould 
 bear date April 1852 (teste Otia, p. 184) and Nov. 1851 (Otia, p. 210); the 
 others, July 1856. 
 
 No. 
 
 3. Corbuhi poh/chroma i = C. hiradiafa, var.]. 
 
 7. 2'ellina term \_= Mucouia misuta, jun. Cal., not Pan.]. 
 
 20 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST Oi NORTH AMERICA. 533 
 
 Vo. 
 8. TeUlna piira [sJf. Mnzatlanica, '^\m. T)esh., Mus. Cum.]. 
 
 11. iJoniu Jlextiosm [^ = D. Laniaickh, Defh., in B. M.]. 
 
 l.'{. finathodon metidicm [_=i(i. trit/ouuin, Pet., May 1853]. 
 
 15. Iliiefa unduhita [is distinct from Ilundla clci/rim], 
 
 liO. Cordium lufcotubriim [=6'. qriudragi'iiarimn, Cour.]. 
 
 L*l. CanUum crtientatum l = Liocardiiun mhstriatum, Conr.]. 
 
 "21. MwUola nitfus [ = A/. suhjttirpiirviis, >[u.->. Cum., Hud is not fromCal.]. 
 
 28. Auida f(dc(dn. [The locality of ^Ir. Cuming's specimens ha.s nut been con- 
 firmed. For " .species," in note, read " spfcinien-i.'' j 
 
 31. Lhna tetrica. [The specimens from the Mediterranean, VV. Indies, Gulf Cal., 
 and Pacific Islands were all named L. squamosa by Mr. Cuming.] 
 
 3-3. Balimus vcsicalis ( nom. prcoc. ) = 5. siiffltdiis, ' Otia,' p. 184. 
 
 40. Xdci'da pideacva. [Col. Jewett'.s specinifn.s appear distinct from X. dvpicta,\\A^.'\ 
 
 41. Tioc/iiis murcidus. [Thi.s shell was called Omphaliux I'fiiffcri by Mr. Ciiminy, 
 
 from the resemblance of the figure, in which the umlnliciis appears keeled ; 
 but the shell marked ' type,' answering to the diagnosis, along with ' Chloro- 
 stoma' niaculoston, A. Ad., are scarcely varieties of Phorcus pulliyo, Martyn. 
 The finest series is in the li. M.] 
 
 43. Lirnna picoidea [has been heard of, but not seen since the explorations of Col. J. 
 Dr. (tUL still considers the species distinct : among the very div^imilar varieties 
 from the W. Indies (vide suite in B. M.) it woidd probably not have beea 
 singled out as a species, but for the theory of the author]. 
 
 45. Cmcihulum Jeiccttii [should be rdrrtupitum, P. Z. !S.]. 
 
 47. Modulus dorsiiosus. [Col. J. now thinks that the supposed Acapulco specimens 
 are W. Indian, =/t'«<(Vj//am, Cheni. When dead, the forms from the two 
 oceans can hardly be distinguished ; but the aspect of his shells is Caribbean.] 
 
 54. Conus ravus [=C Califoniicus, lids.]. 
 
 5(». Coiim jnmllns, Gld. [non Chem. ^=nux, small var., teste Cuming]. 
 
 57. 0/«'//.-«M achates [ = 0. clavuhts, A. Ad., 1854]. 
 
 G5. ColumheUa Sta.-liarburoisis [so named to correct the statement that California 
 was above the limit of the genus, proves to be a Mexican shell, and was 
 probably obtained at Acapulco. Having been redescribed by IJeeve from 
 perfect specimens, it may stand as C. Beerei\ 
 
 60. Xitidtllu Gotddii. [Not to be confounded with Col. Gouldiana, Agass., -which 
 is probably Aim/cla.^ 
 
 67. Fusus ambustuH [is a Califomian species. The type stands in Miis. Cum. as 
 F.fragosus, Rve., but does not answer to the diagnosis. The typical frat/oaii.1 
 is marked fragosus, var. F- anibustm appears absolutely identical with F. 
 clavatits, Brocchi, Mediterr^vnean. Some of the diagnostic marks are not con- 
 stant in the specimens]. 
 
 Col. Jewett went to Panama, as a private collector, in January 1849, 
 spcmling ten weeks in that region, including Taboga. This was two years 
 hefore Prof. Adams's explorations. Thence he sailed to San Francisco, 
 where he spent four months in exploring the shore for about 50 miles 
 from the head of the bay. After labouring for a week at Monterey, he 
 spent ten weeks at Sta. Barbara and the neighbourhood, thoroughly exploring 
 the coast for fifteen miles as far as Sta. Bonadventura. It was here, at the 
 " Ilincon," after a violent southern storm, that he obtained the specimens of 
 Livona picoides, as well as many other rare species that have not been obtained 
 bj- any other explorer. *' The storm tore up the kelp to such a degree that 
 it formed a bank for many miles on the beach, from 10 to 20 feet broad, and 
 at least 4 feet deep. Jilany of the plants were more than 60 feet long and 5 
 inches in diameter, having the appearance of vast cables.'' Before his return 
 to the east, he also collected at Mazatlan (where he obtained some species 
 not included in the B. M. Catalogue) and at Acapulco. There can be no 
 doubt of the accuracy of the Colonel's observations at the time they were 
 made. Unsurpassed in America as a field-nala'oatolo2;ist. possessed of accurate 
 
 21 
 
 i^ATj/;i'^^^. 
 
536 KEPORT— 18C3. 
 
 discrimination, abundant carefulness, and unwearied diligence and patience, 
 no one Wiis better fitted to collect materials for a scientitie survey of the coast. 
 Uut.unfortunatelyfor his (as for the Nuttallian) .shells, he did not describe them 
 at the time himself. They were subjected to all the derangements caused by 
 frerpieiit changes of residence, and transmission to various naturalists for 
 identification. As we know what errors creep into the collections of the 
 most learned under such circumstances, it is not surprising that they should 
 now have lost much of their geographical value. After several days sj)eiit 
 in a verj- searching elimination of the west-coast shells from his general col- 
 lection, I was driven to the conclusion that several labels had become mis- 
 placed. This was so clearly the case as to certain Jf. f]ngland and W. Indian 
 species interchanged with Pacific specimens, that it might also affect (V. ;/.) 
 Sta. Barbara and Panama specimens as com])ared with each other. The kelp 
 driven up by the great storm may have travelled from remote localities ; which 
 will account for tropical shells having been found at Sta. Barbara, as W. 
 Indians occasionally are even on our own shores. It is possible also, as the 
 Califomian seas have as yet been but little dredged, that deep-water species 
 live there which as yet are known only in the tropical province. Already 
 some Gulf species have been thus obtained .at San Diego and Catalina Island 
 by Dr. Cooper, just as Mr. M'Andrew dredged Mediterranean species on the 
 coast of Norway. But facts of such importance should rest on better evidence 
 than chance shells picked on a beach, and subjected to dangers of altered 
 labels afterwards. "What was regarded by Dr. Gould as of authority is cata- 
 logued, according to his determinations of species, on pp. 226-231 of the first 
 Report. The following is a list of the species which I found in the collection", 
 divided simply into the temperate and the tropical faunas. 
 
 Species of the Temperate Fauna, collected hy Col. Jeivett*. 
 
 Pholadidea penifa, ovoidea. 
 
 Saxicnva pholadis. 
 
 Schizotlieirus NuttaMii. 
 
 Cryptoniya Califomica. 
 
 Lyonsia Califomica. 
 
 Solen Psicarius, var. rosaceua*t. 
 
 Machfera patula. 
 
 Solecurtus Califomianus, subteres. 
 
 Macoma nasuta, secta. 
 
 Lutricola alta. 
 
 Semele decisa, nibrolineata. 
 
 Donax Califomicus, Hexuosus*. 
 
 Standella PCalifornica. 
 
 Trigona crassatelloides. 
 
 Psephis tantilla*. 
 
 Amiantis callosa. 
 
 Chione succincta, fluctifraga, simillima. 
 
 * This collection belongs to his daughter, Mrs. Boyce, of Utica, N.Y. The Colonel's 
 invaluable collection of U. S. Palaeozoic fossils (probably the largest made by any iiiciivi- 
 dual's own hand) may be consulted at the State Museum in Albany, and will probably 
 find its ultimate destination at one of the principal colleges. A large number oi the 
 fossils described by Prof. Hall were from this collection, though often without acknow- 
 ledgment. Only a small proportion of the types of the celebrated ' Palaeontology ' are 
 to be found in the State Collection, which was subjected to disastrous and very extensive 
 curtailment before Col. J. entered on his present duties as curator. 
 
 * These species and marked varieties were first found by Col. J. 
 
 t Of these forms, either not seen or not distinguished by Dr. Gould, the diagnoses are 
 •written, and will probably be found in one of the scientific periodicals for 1864. 
 
 * Cnless otherwise stated in the list, Report, pp. 228-231, it may be presumed that 
 these species were fi:om the neighbourhood of Sta. Barbara. 
 
 22 
 
 Tapes staminea, tenerrima*. 
 
 Saxidomus squalidus. 
 
 Petricola earditoides. 
 
 Riipellaria lamellifera. 
 
 Lazaria subquadrata't- 
 
 Chama pellucida. 
 
 Lucina Califomica. 
 
 Diplodonta orbella. 
 
 Mytilus Californianup, eduli.s. 
 
 Modiola modiolus, recta, fomicata'f. * 
 
 Leda caelata. 
 
 Pecten hastatus, latiauritus, (Pventrico- 
 
 8U3, var.) aequi.«ulcatxi8*t, squairo- 
 
 sus't, paucicostatus*t. 
 Amusium caiiriuum, jim. 
 Hiniiites giganteus. 
 Bulla nebulosa. 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 537 
 
 Tumatina cercalis*, culriti'lla*. 
 
 Cvlielina (PcvInnlriutM, var.) attonsa't. 
 
 Volvula cylinilric'ii*+. 
 
 Cryptochitou Stelleri. 
 
 Mopalia imi.*c(»sa. 
 
 Nacella incp.-isa, paleacea*. 
 
 Acm.ea patina, pelta, persona, scabra, 
 
 spectrum, Asmi. 
 Sciirria mitra. 
 Fissurella volcano. 
 Glyphis densielathrata. 
 IIali()tisCr€iclierodii,riife.«cen9,splendpn9. 
 Plia9ianellu(!-'compta,vars.^puuctulata*t, 
 
 pulloides't, elatior't. 
 Poniaiilax iindosii-i. 
 Trochiscus NorriM.. convexus't. 
 Calliostoraa canaliculatum, costatum. 
 Jjivona picoides *. 
 Homalopoma sanrrnineum. 
 Chlorostonm funebrale, I'feifferi. 
 Cruuibulum spinosum. 
 Crepidiila adunca, doreata, rugosa. 
 Hipponyx tiiuiens *f. 
 Serpulorbis squamijrerus. 
 Bittium esuriens't, fastigiatum 'f. 
 Cerithidea J^acrita. 
 Litorina planaxis, sciitellata. 
 Ampliithalanuis inclusus *t. 
 l^acuua unifasciata*. 
 Radius variabili- 
 
 I^uponia spadict : Trivia Califomica. 
 Erato columbella, vitellina. 
 
 Drillia inerniis, nioi-ita't. 
 
 Daphiiellafilosa't. 
 
 Mangelia varieirata't, angulata'f. 
 
 Myurella simplex 'f. 
 
 Conus Calit'ornicus. 
 
 Odostomia gravida*, inflata't. 
 
 Chemnitzia tenuicula *, torquntn • (ct 
 ?var. styliua 't), vir;.'o 't, auraulia '!» 
 crebritilata 't, tridi'utata *j. 
 
 Duiikeria laininata *f, 
 
 Eulima Thersites "f. 
 
 Opalia bullata *f. 
 
 Lunatia L(!wisii. 
 
 Cerithiopsis ? tuberculata, fortior *f, 
 purpurea 't. 
 
 Mnrginella .lewettii *, Ppolita, regiila- 
 ris 't. subtrijrona't. 
 
 (Volvarina varia, senata ; perhaps im- 
 ported, or l.'ibel cban<red.) 
 
 Olivella biplicata, bfeticat [ = pet'olita, 
 Gld.,+anazora, (ild, MS. (uou Duel.) 
 = rufifasciata, teste Cum., by error]. 
 
 Purpura crispata, saxicola. 
 
 Nitidella Gouldii *. 
 
 Ocinebra Poulsoui. 
 
 Pteronotus fe.^tivus. 
 
 Columbella carinata, Hindsii. 
 
 Amycla P Californiana, gausnpata, tube- 
 rosa *t. 
 
 Nas.«a perpinguis, mendica. 
 
 PAiiachis penicillata *+. 
 
 Siphonalia fuscotincta 'f. 
 
 Specks of the Tropical Fauna, collected by Col. Jetvett ' 
 
 Pholas crucigera [ = lanceolata]. 
 
 Dactylina laqueata. 
 
 Corbula bicariuata, biradiata, nasuta, 
 tenuis, ovulata §, nucitbrmi.s §. 
 
 Sanguinolaria niiniata *§. 
 
 Psammobia casta. 
 
 Tellina felix, puella *, punicca, " ru- 
 bella." 
 
 Ileterodonax bimaculatus etvars. §. 
 
 Strigilla carnaria (white and red var3.)§ 
 pisiformi8§, sincera. 
 
 Semele pulchra §, venusta §. 
 
 Iphigenia altior. 
 
 Douax transversus, navicula, gracilis, 
 carinatus, rostratus §, puuctatoatvia- 
 tus §, I'. ciBlatus §. assimilis. 
 
 Mulinia angulata. 
 
 Ilarvella elegans. 
 
 Trigona planulata ||, Hindsii §. 
 
 Doiinia Jjuiikeri. 
 
 Callista aurantia, chionaea, circinata §, 
 tortuosa, lupinariajl, rosea||, i: puella§. 
 
 Chione amatnusia, sujrillala, neglecta. 
 
 Anomalocardia subimbricuta, subru<ro>a. 
 
 Tapes grata, + vara, discors, fuscolineata. 
 
 Petricola pholadiformis, var. 
 
 Crassatella gibbosa. 
 
 Venericardia laticostata, radiata. 
 
 Lazaria artinis. 
 
 Ciiama frondosa, spinosa. 
 
 Cardium consors §, senticosum, proce- 
 rum, obovale. 
 
 Ileniicardiumbiangiilatum §, graniferum. 
 
 Liocardium apicinum §. 
 
 Codakia tigerrina |lf . 
 
 Lucina ebumea §, excavata §, pectiuata. 
 
 Felania tellinoides §, var. 
 
 Modiola Binisiliensis, capax. 
 
 Lithophagus aristatus. 
 
 Area grandis, tuberculosa. 
 
 * Unless otherwise 8pecifi(»d, either by §, ||, or locality-marks in Rep. pp. 228-231, 
 th'.'se species may be presumed to have come from the Panama district. 
 
 § These species were probably from Aeapulco. *' ■ ' f - 
 
 II Probably from Muzatlan. 
 
 Tf Anothur specimen, 378 in. across, ia marked "Sta. Barbara" oa the shell, tj-, f-..^.' 
 
 23 
 
ess 
 
 HEP.lRT — 18G.3. 
 
 Scnpharca bifrons *, eniorglnata, labiata, 
 
 mix. 
 Koi-tia rever^a. 
 lly^iiarf-a Piu-ifica, miitabi]i<). 
 liarbiitia alttTiiata, a\ iculuides, gradata, 
 
 iilota, solida. 
 Peftiuiculus in:T?qualis, maculutus, p»r- 
 
 cipic-tus §, PpectiiioiJe;* §. 
 Leda F'^leiiensis, polita. 
 Pinna niauia, tuberculosa. 
 Avifula sterna. 
 Brvopbila seto-a *. 
 Isofrnoinon Cht-mnitzinnum. 
 Per-teu ventricosua, 8ubuoduHUS$. 
 Lima an<rulata §. 
 Spondvlus ralcifer. 
 O.itrea palnuila. 
 Anomia lanipe. 
 Bulla Adanisi, Quoyi §. 
 Siphonaria pi^'■as, lecanium § et vars. 
 
 maura, palmata §. 
 Patella ^'exicana. 
 
 AcmiBi. .e.«oleuca, mitella, vernicofla. 
 Fis'^urella rujjosa, uigropunctala, ?ma- 
 
 crotrema §. 
 Glypbis inffiqualis, alta. 
 Phasianella perforata. 
 Callopoma saxosum. 
 Senectu.s squaniigerus §. 
 U vanilla inemiis. 
 Calliostonia litna, Leanum §. 
 Tegula pellis-«erpenti3. 
 Oiiiphalius Panamensis, coronulatu3 *, 
 
 1 gulatiisjl, viridulus. 
 Nerita Berahardi, sc-abricorta. 
 Neiitina picta, fiuayaquilensis, interme- 
 dia [" =globosa, J?rorf."]. 
 Crucibulum imbric-atum, spinosum, um- 
 
 bnlla, radiatum, pectinatum*, corru- 
 
 gatum *. 
 Galeru8 conicus, mamillaris. 
 Crepidula aculeata §, excavata, incurva. 
 Ilippouyx barbatus, Grayanua. 
 Aletes centiqiiadrus. 
 Vermetus ebumeus. 
 Bivonia contorta, albida. 
 I'etaloconcbus macropln-agma. 
 Tun-itella goniostoma. 
 Ceritbium maculosum, uncinatum, me- 
 
 diobeve, interruptum, alboliratum. 
 Tlhinoclavis gemmata. 
 Cerithidea Montagnei, Tariro.<»a. 
 ]jitorina aspera, eonspersa, Pbilippii. 
 Modulus catenulatus, Pdisculus. 
 llissoina lirmata*, fortis*, expnn,sa*t||, 
 
 stricta §, Janus ♦, Woodwardii Ij. 
 Planaxis nigritella, plauicostata. 
 Radius avena§, similis. 
 Carinea emar<rinata, jun. 
 Arifia punetulata. 
 TrivLi pustulata, pulla, Paci(ica§. 
 
 Erato !"oabriu«rula 5, ^faiigprim. 
 
 Stronibus galeatus, grat'ilior, granulatnsi 
 
 Ttrt'bra robusta. 
 
 Kuryta fulgurata, ariculata J. 
 
 I'lf 111 tonia t'uniculata. 
 
 Drilliii albovallosa, atenima, ?t>xnrata§, 
 
 incrassata, nigerrinia, rudis, hexagona, 
 
 ?^Ta<;illinia, var. 
 Mangt'lia subdiapb.ana §, hamata*!", 
 
 ctMva*!, i'puifliella. 
 Pitbai-a stroniboides§ [?=tritice8,Kien.]. 
 Dapbnella casta §. 
 Couus gladiator, mahogani, nux, pui-pu* 
 
 rasot'ns, ngulari*. 
 Solarium granulatum. 
 Torinia variegata. 
 Obeliscus ac'bales*||. " 
 Cbeninitz'a celata *t, 
 Scalaria IIind>ii*. 
 Alora Gouldii *. 
 Caucellaria bulbulus, clavatula, dpru«- 
 
 sata, goniostonia, tessellata, initritbr- 
 
 mis. 
 Natica marocoana et vara., Souleyetiana, 
 
 zonaria §. cat»>nata §. 
 Po'.inices otis, uber. 
 Nevirita patula §. 
 Ficula ventricosa. 
 Malea ringen^. 
 Bezoardica abbreviata. 
 Levenia coarctata. 
 Persona ridens [? = ] constrlctus. 
 Triton lignarius, tigriuus, Ppilcare, jun. 
 Priene nodosa. 
 Ranella caslata, nitida, triquetra. pyra- 
 
 niidalis [like aiiceps and proclmta, 
 
 live.]. 
 Fiisciolaria granosa, tulipa, jun. [? im- 
 ported]. 
 Latirus ca.staneu3, ccratus, rudis, tuber- 
 
 cubitus. 
 T^ucozonia cingulata. 
 Mitra lens, tuniculata, nucleola. 
 Strigatella tristis. 
 Lvna harpa. 
 
 >farginena caerulescens, polita f ?§). 
 Persicubi imbrieata §. 
 Volvarina triticea §, varia§, serrata§, fus- 
 
 ca § [some of tht se are aoigned to Sta. 
 
 Barbara. West Indian speL-iniens may 
 
 have been intemii d: vide Cape St. 
 
 Jjucas list, infn'i]. 
 Oliva angulata, porpb\Tia. 
 Olivflla anazora, gracilis §, inconspicua, 
 
 semistriata, tergina, volut«lla, zouajs, 
 
 Zauoeti. 
 Agaronia testacea. 
 Harpa crenata. 
 Purpura bioerialis, melo, patula, trian{ju» 
 
 laris, triserialis. 
 Cuma tectaj kios(^uirormia. 
 24 
 
ox MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF XORTH AMERICA. 
 
 533 
 
 P\ rula patiila. 
 
 Kii^ina Ueeviaim, rrnrostoniR. 
 
 Aiiachis Californica*^, corDiiata. rostfl- 
 
 hita, HiiftUHta, lynita. lli^rlil•aIl^', jiarva, 
 
 py^mia'a, diiniiiuta*, riif/osa, vaiia. 
 Stroinbina bicauulitera, gibberula, re- 
 
 curva. 
 Pi.'<niiia pommata, insignia, pag;()du8, 
 
 riii;r''ns, sanguiuoleutu. 
 Nor; bin pristis. 
 f 'lavi'Ua di-ttorta. 
 Miirt'x recurvirostris, [?=] nigrre<«cens 
 
 ( Ctim.). 
 Mmicidea alvpata§, dubia, vibex, "pin- 
 
 uif^er, Jirod." 
 
 T^hizochcilus mix. 
 
 ^'it^lltria siilcbrosa. 
 
 Ocinebr.i erinaccoido^. 
 
 ^lonorcro-i brevidfiitatura. 
 
 SiHtnini i-arbonariiuu §. 
 
 Kitidella ciibraria. 
 
 CcilumlK'lla festiva, fu^cata, lnbio«a, 
 
 ninjdr, Iteevii *§, uuciuuia §, i' milk— 
 
 punttiita, iY/r.§ 
 rDiifUa conifoinii.s. 
 Tnincaria modesta. 
 Ka.i«a c-oliaria*, corpulenta, crcbristri- 
 
 ala, hiteostonia, pagodu-*, scabrius- 
 
 cula, tfirula, vei-sitolor. coiuplauata, 
 
 8tini]).s()iiiaiia *, nudiciucta. 
 Phos ^iiudens. 
 
 This list, of about 13.3 species from the northern and 328 from the 
 Bouthorn fauna (nearly twice as large as that sent by Dr. (loiild and printed 
 in the first Report, and yet not cintaining several species there (juoted), is an 
 instructive instance of what may be accomplished in about three-ijuiirters of 
 a year, simply by picking up shore-shells. It contains about 4^ species in 
 the northern and 22 in the southern faunas not previously described. 
 
 Besides the recent shells, Col. Jewett brought home a very interesting 
 series of Pliocene fossils from the neighbourhood of ISta. Barbara. Almost all 
 of them are species known to inhabit neighbouring seas, and are chiefly 
 northern forms. Of some no recent specimens have yet been found in such 
 perfect condition. The following is a list of the species, which is of the more 
 value as they have not been intermixed with those of any other localitj', and 
 the spot does not seem to have been discovered by any succeeding geological 
 explorer. It was two miles from the coast, and 150 feet high. 
 
 Schizotheirus N'lttallii. 
 
 Mactra plainilat. . 
 
 Chione succincta *. 
 
 I'achydesnia cra<-'atelloides. 
 
 Psepfiis tantilla. .^salmonea. 
 
 Rupellaria lanicllifei-a. 
 
 Cardiuni gi-auit'erimi ♦. 
 
 Venericarilia r. ventricosaf. 
 
 Lucina Californica. 
 
 Pecten floridus *. 
 
 Ilinnites giganteus. 
 
 Planorbis, sp. 
 
 Calliostoma costatum. 
 
 Margarita pupilla f. 
 
 Oniphalius aureotinctus. 
 
 (Jalerus fastigiatus t. 
 
 Crepidiila grandisf [->!/»'(/</.,= princeps, 
 
 Corn:, .3-5 inches long], 
 Crepidula adunca. 
 
 „ navicelloide.^. 
 Turritella Jewettii, n. a. 
 Bittium rugatum, n. s. 
 „ anniliatum, n. 8. 
 „ lilosiun t. 
 Lacuna solidula f. 
 
 Chrvsallida, sp.* 
 
 Opalia (i'crenatoides, var.) insculpta*, 
 
 n. s. 
 Lunatia Lewisii. 
 Niitica clausat- 
 Prieue Oregonensis f. 
 Olivella biplicata. 
 Colunibella cai-inata. 
 Amycla gausapata. 
 
 „ tubero.*a, n. s, 
 PTruncaria coreugata. 
 Nasja fossata. 
 
 „ iii^ndica. 
 Pui-pura crispata. 
 Ocinebra liinda. 
 Trophon tenuisculptns t, ?n. s. [may 
 
 prove identical with T. Jimbnatula, 
 
 A. Ad., Japan]. 
 Trophon Orpheus f. 
 Fusus ambustus. 
 Pisania fortis *, n. s. 
 Chrvsodnmus carinatus t, Brit. Mua. 
 
 [probably = </i's;;<'r^?M, var.]. 
 Chrysodomus tabulatiis, jun.f, n. s. 
 „ dirus t. 
 
 * These species are of a sonthem tvpff. 
 
 t These forms rauk witJi the northern series. The rest belong to the present Cdlifornian 
 fauna. 
 
540 
 
 REPORT — 1863. 
 
 The followin;^ fo'sils were also col- 
 iech'd by Col. Jewett : — 
 ic'urpura erispata I San Francisco, 100 ft. 
 „ ostiina I above the Bay. 
 
 Tellina conposta, Canr. ^lonterey. 
 Scalaria : can scarcely be di^tinjruished 
 
 from phiiiirosffitn, Kien., in Brit. Mas. 
 
 {? != Grcelandica) : Panama, 
 
 The collections of M y'or Rich, having been tabulated by Dr. Gould simply 
 AS from Upper or Lower California, I had expected to find of but little geo- 
 graphical value. Thej' proved, however, to he of peeiiliur interest. Major 
 Kich had been one of the naturalists in the U. S. Expl. Exp., and his warlike 
 occupations did not prevent his remaining long enough at particular stations 
 to pay close attention to the Molluscs. Ilis forte lay in procuring shells in 
 the best possible condition ; and a study of them was very sernceable in 
 explaining the dead shore-shells usually obtained from other sources. For- 
 tunately, he was quite aware of the importance of geographical accuracy, and 
 arranged those obtained at different places in separate drawers. The " Upper 
 Californian " collections were made at Monterey, San Francisco, San Diego, 
 and San Pedro ; the '* Lower Californian," in the Gulf, principally at La 
 Paz, partly at San Jose and Mazatlan. At the latter place he met M. 
 lleigen, who had filled his house with decomposing molluscs to such an ex- 
 tent as to induce the neighbours to have recourse to the police. From him he 
 obtained many species not in the Brit. Mus. Cat., and probably sent to Europe 
 in the Havre collection. Major Rich's beautiful series may be consulted at 
 his residence, opposite the British Legation, Washington, D. C. ; and are 
 designed ultimately for one of the public museums in the neighbourhood. 
 The following is a list of the species : — 
 
 Shells collected by Major liich, from the Californian Fauna. 
 
 , edulis', ; 
 
 . glome- 
 
 Pholadidea ovoidea ' -. 
 
 Parapholas Californica^ (The young is 
 
 very acuminate, with imbricated cups, 
 
 as in P. calm. ) 
 Netastonia Darwinii ^ 
 Saxicava pholadi* ' ^. 
 Platyodon caucellatus*. 
 Schizotheinis Xuttalli*. 
 Cryptomya Calit'crnica K 
 Thracia curta '. 
 Ijvousia Californica ^. 
 My tiliineria Nuttalli '. 0''ery fine, with 
 
 ossicle. ) 
 Solen sicarius '. 
 Machaera patnla ^. 
 Solecurtiis Californianus*. 
 Sanguinolaria Nuttalli *. 
 Psannnobia rubroradiata *. 
 Maconia nasuta ', secta ' *, 
 Scrobicularia alta ■*. 
 Senieie decisa '. 
 Cumingia Californica *> 
 Donax Califoraicus '. 
 Mactra Californica *. 
 Paehydesnia crassatelloides ' *. 
 Amiaulis callosa *. 
 Chioue succincta*. 
 
 * Monterey. Fresh gpecimens of seven species from the soutliern fkuua were alao 
 obtained at Monterey, probably from coninierce. 
 
 Tapes staminea et vara. ' ^ ^, lacini- 
 ata ' *. 
 
 Petricola carditoides ^. 
 
 Rupellaria laniellifera '. 
 
 Chania Buddiana *. 
 
 Cardium Nuttalli *. 
 
 Lucina Californica *. 
 
 Diplodonta orbella ^ 
 
 Kellia Laperousii '. 
 
 Mytilus Californianus' 
 ratus •*. 
 
 Septifer bifnrcatus". 
 
 Modiola modiolus '. 
 
 Lithophagus attenuatus '. 
 
 Adula falcata'*. 
 
 Pecten v. requisulcatus *, monotimeris *. 
 
 Ilinnites giganteus '. 
 
 Placunanoniia macroschisma '. 
 
 Bulla nebulosa *. 
 
 Katherina tunicata *. 
 
 Mopalia muscosa ', Hindsii ', 
 
 Nacella incessa '■'. 
 
 Acmaea persona '^, pelta ^, spectrum^, sea- 
 bra ^, et var. liniatula t". 
 
 Lottia gigantea '. 
 
 Scurria niitra^. 
 
 Fissurella ornata * '. 
 
 '■' San Dit'go. 
 
 * Tlit'se species \\. 
 
 ' San Francisco, 
 re Cr;t found by Major Rich. 
 
 26 
 
 ^\>ar San Pedro. 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Gh-phis densielathrata ^. 
 
 Lucapiaa cremilata ' (one spec. Catalina 
 
 Is.). 
 Ilaliotia rufescens ' *, Cracherodii ' *, 
 
 Knmt.schatkana ' *. 
 Poiiiaiila.v undosus '. 
 Trocliiscus Norri.sii'^ (and Catalina T?.), 
 C'jtllio.-tonia 
 
 tuni ', co>t:itiuii '. 
 Oniphaliu-* fuscescens *. 
 Chli)rostoma fuuebmle *, 
 
 Pfeitfcii '. 
 Crucibulum spinosum ''. 
 
 caualiculatum ', aiinula- 
 
 brunneuni 
 
 Crepidula rugosa ^, adunca ^, explanata \ 
 
 Hippony.v Pantiqiiatus^, Ptuuifiid'. 
 
 Serpulorbis squaniigerus *. 
 
 Spirotrlyphus lituella ^ *. 
 
 Litorina planaxis '. 
 
 Trivia Californica '. 
 
 Couus Califomicus *, 
 
 Kauella Californica *, 
 
 O.ivella biplicata ', bietica'. 
 
 Purpura, vars. ostrina', eniarginata *. 
 
 Cerosronia Nuttalli^. 
 
 Nas?a meudica ', perpingius ', fossata'. 
 
 Helix, tbree sp. 
 
 Shells collected htj Major liich, near La Paz (west shore of the Gulf of Cal.), 
 
 (Thracia) Cvathodonta plicata, 
 Sangiiindlaria miiiiata. 
 Tellina Cumingii. 
 
 Strigilla carnaria. 
 
 Heterodonax biniaculatus. 
 
 Iphigenia altior. 
 
 Douax navicula, punctato-str., rostratus. 
 
 Standella frajrilis (common). 
 
 Mulinia antrulata. 
 
 Trigona argentina, radiata, planulata. 
 
 Dosinia ponderosa. 
 
 Callista concinna, chionrea. 
 
 Chione succincta, amathusia, gnidifv, 
 
 pulicaria, var. 
 AuomalocanUa subimbricata. 
 Tapi 8 grata, histrionica. 
 La'/aria Californica. 
 Cbaina spi,;osa, producti, comigata. 
 Cardium consors, biangulatum. 
 Liocardium elatum. 
 
 Codakia tigerrina (two tine specimens). 
 Cyrena olivacea, Mexici-V*^ 
 Anodonta glauea. 
 Mytilus multiformis. 
 Modiola capax. 
 Area niulticostata. 
 Barbatia Ueeviana, solida. 
 Pectuneulus gigauteus. 
 Pinna rugosa. ^ 
 
 Mai-garitophora fimbriata. 
 Jsognomon Cheninitziaiium. 
 Pecten ventricosus, subuodosus. 
 Lima tetrica *. 
 Janira dentata. 
 Ostrea aniava (Maz. Cat. 215. Is. Cres- 
 
 tona, entrance of Gulf), Mrginica 
 
 (more pearly than the Atlantic shells, 
 
 teste liich). 
 Anoniia lanipe. 
 
 Biilinius sufflatus *, excelsus *, pallidior. 
 Physa elata *, aurantia. 
 patella Mexicana. 
 Acniica atrata, mesoleuca. 
 Fissiirella rugosa, virescena. 
 Glvphis alta, iuiuijuulia. 
 
 ai 
 
 Haliotis splendens (three fresh specimens 
 from a resident at San JoseJ. 
 
 Callopoma fluctuosum. 
 
 (j vanilla olivacea. 
 
 Omphalius rugosus, coronulatus. 
 
 Nerita scabricosta, Beruhardi. 
 
 Neritina picta. 
 
 Crucibulum spinosum, imbricatum, pec- 
 tinatum, umbrella. 
 
 Galerus mamillaris, conicus. 
 
 Crepidula aculeata, onyx, uivea, ungui- 
 formis, arenata. 
 
 Hipponyx Grayanus, serratus, anti- 
 que tus. 
 
 Aletes centiqnadrus. 
 
 Spiroglyphu.s lituella (on Cr. umbrella). 
 
 Turriteila goniostoma, tigrina. 
 
 Cerithium maculosuni,stercus muscarum. 
 
 Cerithidea Montagnei. 
 
 Litorina fasciata, conspersa. 
 
 Modulus catenulatus, discidus. 
 
 Cypraja exanthema. 
 
 Aricia arabieula. 
 
 Luponia Sowerbii, albnginosa. 
 
 Trivia sanguiaea, radians, SJolandri, pus- 
 tulata, Pacitica. 
 
 Strombus gi-anulatus, gracilior. 
 
 Euryta fulgurata. 
 
 Pleurotoma funiculata, maculosa. 
 
 Drillia Pinennis. 
 
 Conus puneticulatus, gladiator, purpu- 
 rascens, i-egtilaris, arcuatus, nux. 
 
 Solarium gi'anulatiim, r. quadriieps. 
 
 Cancellaria obesa, cassidiforuiis, solida, 
 goniostoma, !-'candida. 
 
 Natica niai-occana, zonaria. 
 
 Polinices Hecluziana, bifasciala, ctis. 
 
 Neverita patula. 
 Sigaretus debilis. 
 Oniscia tuberculosa. 
 
 Levenia coarctata. 
 
 13ezoardica abbreviata. 
 
 Priene nodosa. 
 
 Turbinella caestus. ' 
 
 Fasciolaria priucepa. 
 
542 REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 Ijeucozonia cingrulata. I Nnssa luteostoma, scaLriusciila, corpu- 
 
 Mitra lena. lenta. 
 
 Oliva porphyria, Melcliersi, Cumingii, Pyrula patula. 
 
 siibaii<jrulata. I J\isus Dnpetithouarsii. 
 
 Olivella ter<ritia. gracilis, volutella (seve- 
 ral taken alive). 
 
 Afraronia testacca. 
 
 Purpura patula, biserialis, triangularis, 
 muricata, planospira J. 
 
 Nitidella cribmina. 
 
 Columbella fuscata, var. 
 
 Conella cedo-nulli. 
 
 Siphoiialia pallida. 
 
 Stronibina (P new, deep water, S.in 
 
 Jose). 
 Pisania sanguinolenta, insipnis, 
 Jlurex plieatus, recurvirostris. 
 Phyllonotiis nigritus, brassica, princeps, 
 
 bicolor. 
 iSIuricidea dubia. 
 
 Lieut. Green having been obliged to pack up his collection and leave homo 
 on professional duty, I was not able to make any criticfil examination of it. 
 Capt. DupoBt also, of Delaware, was one of the " Mexican-war naturalists," 
 and made a large collection of La Paz shells daring his campaign ; but I had 
 no opportunity of seeing them. 
 
 Dr. Gould notes the following corrections in Lieut. Green's list, pp. 231— 
 234:— 
 Scmvle Jlavicans should he Jlavescens. | Donax abrupfus should be obestts. 
 
 50. KeUett and Wood. — The locality-marks, on further study, display still 
 greater inaccuracies. 
 
 Nussa Woodicardii, Fbs., Sandwich Islands [is the adolescent state of a very abun- 
 dant Vancou%'er and Californian shell, = A". mcmUcii, (ild.]. 
 
 2\ii>^a Cooperi, Fbs., Sandwich Islands. [The type is immature and in poor con- 
 dition ; but it is a rare Californian species, since found by Ur. Cooper.] 
 
 Trochifa spirata [has not been conttrmed from Gulf Cal., but appears in Brit. M is. 
 from St. Vincent, Cape Verdls., on the excellent authority of Macgillivray, who 
 did not visit the Wt st Coast. The Cumingian specimens were from K. and W. ; 
 but the " spirata, var.," from Magellan and Peru, are simply turrited forms of T, 
 radians]. 
 
 Chlorostnmn aureotinda [=C nigerrima (Gmel.), Mua. Cum.; but it is unlikely 
 that (imelin knew the species. It is not quoted by Desh. (Lam. ix. 157) : but 
 tlie Trochus infuuce nigirrimus, Chemn. f. 1520, = T. melanostoinus, Gmel., is a 
 liise/la.] 
 
 Mdr/pirifa ptirpurata et HUlii [are South American shells]. 
 
 Purpura amdoga [is the rough in-egular form of P. cana1icitlafa=decemcnstata'^,. 
 „ fuscata, Fbs. [of which one brown and one whitish specimen (immature) 
 are preserved in the lirit. Mus. as tj-jies, is the large, smooth, rather elevated var. 
 of saxicula. It belongs to the Vancouver district]. 
 
 Pirpura, like dfcem-costatus and Fregriiu'tii [is the normal state of sn.ricohi. The 
 banded smooth var. is named in Brit. !Mus. " ? Jiuc. st.iatum, Martyn, Un. 
 Conch, no. 7,"' but does not agree with the figure]. 
 
 Tiifits Kellvttii. [This Sipfionalia, after long remaining unique in the Brit. Mus. 
 Col., has been twice condrmed from the San Dierran district by the Smitlisonian 
 collectors. Dr. Cooper's living specimen is ('y2') in. long ; and one specimen 
 was dredged by A. Ad. in the seas of South Japan.] 
 
 51. Jteif/en. — The type collection, presented to the Brit. Mus., contains 
 nbout 890U specimens. The first duplicate series, containing about 6000 
 shells, was presented to the State of New York at the urgent request of 
 Dr. Xewcomb (well known for his researches in Achatinelht, made during his 
 professional residence in the Sandwich Islands), and is arranged in the Albany 
 jMuseum. Three other typical series were prepared for the Museums of 
 Paris, Berlin, and St. Petersburg, and offered on the same terms, viz. that 
 they should be arranged bj' the author, and preserved intact for the free use 
 
 * Doa'l shells at La Paz J two fresh specimens in deep water liom SanJosej ditto, 
 Lieut. Ureeiu 
 
 28 
 
ON MOTXUSCA OF THE TTZST COAST OT NORTH AMERTCA. 543 
 
 of students ; but the donations were severally declined by the respective 
 govcrnmon'.s. They have since been offered to the Museums of Harvard 
 University, Cambndj.e, Mass. ; il'Gill University, Montreal, C. E. ; and the 
 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. ; and accepted on the same con- 
 ditions *. The writer of the Brit. Mus. Catalogue spared no pains in his 
 endeavours to verify the previously described species of Prof. C. B. Adams ; 
 yet a subsequent comparison of types has developed very unexpected coinci- 
 dences. Those who will take the trouble to compare the two diagnoses in the 
 synonyms now given will add one to the many proofs of the uncertainty of 
 the senses in observation, and the inaccuracy of language in description. The 
 following corrections and additions should be made to the list in the British 
 Association Report, pp. 243-264. 
 
 18. Paraplwlaa acuminata is united to P. calm by Tryon, Mon. Pliol. 
 
 23. The spt'cimins obta iied from Madagascar by Sir E. Belcher in the Voy. Sa- 
 
 niarang appear ab-oliitely ideulical. 
 
 24. Petncida robnsta. The West Indian form of this species is the Choristodon 
 
 fi/pician of Jonas ; Mus. Cum. 
 35. Sphcenia fra;/ilis is perhaps -S'. luticola, VaL 
 38. Solecurtus politus ? = <S'. Vaiyenteri, J)lir. 
 
 40. Should be Seinelejfarencetis, (ild. 
 
 41. Se7)ieh' ?renitsta should be S. bicolor, C B. Ad. Panama. C. S. Lucas. 
 40. .Should be Sanf/uinolaria niiniata, Gld., as in first Report. 
 
 A^. Should be TcUitta jmrpurea, Brod. & Sby., teste type in Mus. Hani. 
 
 40. = T. pura, Gld., nom. prior. 
 
 .54. Quite distinct from Tviltna altenwta, Say. 
 
 56. Tel/ina ?ebiir:iea proves to be tlie type of a new generic form, probably 
 
 belonging to Kciliadre, viz. Ciicladclla papyracea. \ perfect spt'cinien, siiice 
 
 found, is in Mr. Ilanlev's collection. 
 
 65. Tellidorn Bitrneti is not L. cristata : t: anteu, p. 528. 
 
 66. =: Stn(/illa fiicata, Gld. (not mmiafa). Specimens received from different 
 
 stations on the Pacific Coast vjuy very greatly in colour and markings. 
 
 68. The fragment of " ?? Paammohla " is perhaps part of a L(pas-\n\\e. 
 
 71 and 72. The names of these shells have bi'en altered and re-alttred in Mus. 
 Cuming, as will be seen by comparing Brit. Mus. Maz. Cat., p. 4-"?, with the 
 note, p. 548, and with the present arrangement. Mr. Ilanley states that 
 no. 72, D.odminatits, Cpr., is his true carinatiis ; therefore 71, D. carinatus, 
 Cpr., and of most collections, nuist stand as I), rostratus, C.B.Ad., te:<te type- 
 valve in Mus. Amherst. The two species uniformly retain their dis- 
 tinctive characters. 
 
 78. Should be MacfrcUa exolcta = Ltdrana ventricosa, Gld., from type. 
 
 81. Should be Gnathodon mettdicxs, Gld. 
 
 8'5. T. Hindsii is distmct, teste Haul. 
 
 85. T. argentatn, Sby., 18:55,= 7. cequilatcra, Desh., 1839. 
 
 92-99. The generic name should be Callista. 
 
 * A few of the duplicate sets having been sent in excliange to one of the principal 
 Bcientific dealers, he advertises a list of species in wliieli he not merely alters the iioiiien- 
 clature, giving " Monoceros" cingtdatum, " Pallia" insifltiis (with " Pisania " gemmata), 
 " Trochus" olivacetis (witii "■ Imperator" ti)igui.i), " Cerilhium " monfafftii (for Cerithidea 
 Montaffnei), Cytherea ^'dioite" {I'or Dioiie liipinaria), " Astarte" Diinkeri, " Cytk^rea" 
 Caltimhiensis, &c., but inserts Californian species (" Zhiphinvs Jllosus," " Cardium 
 Niifali ") as though from the Gulf, and adds others not known at all in the West Coast 
 faunas, as " Columbella Itrriqata" " Patella plumbea," and " Chiton reticulata." All 
 these, with such shells as Olica Cumiiiyii, which belorig to other regions on the Mexi« 
 can coast, would be accredited by the reader on the supiwsed authority of " Carpenter's 
 Catalogue." In these times it appears that naturalists nmst be content to resemble the 
 dealers in patent medicines, and guard the accuracy of their works! With ri'gard to tiie 
 Maziillan colUftions (now scarce), none can be trusted unless they present au uuLrol^a 
 leal, with the iuitiuk of the author. 
 
 29 
 
644 nEPoRT— 18G3. 
 
 93. Callisfa alternata has a very different aspect from the ordinary C. circinata : Tint 
 several of the Pacific s'.k-Us atiiliate more naturally to the West ludiantLTiu. 
 99. C. affinis, C. tortuosa, and C. cancinna appear to be one species. 
 
 100. Sir E. Belcher is confident that he dred^^ed C. pekchiulis, in deep water, ofi S. 
 Bla'9. He has the same confidence in regard to some of the East Indian 
 Circes. At this distance of time, a written locality-ticket would have had 
 more authority. 
 
 105. The hinge proves that this species is distinct from the true V. a-enifera, Sby. 
 It has been named V. siigilUda by Rve., Conch. Ic. sp. 43. It was also 
 brought by Kellett and Wood, and is allied to V. pulicaria. 
 
 110. Among the Panama varieties of this very variable species is Venus fiiscnlineata. 
 T. grata takes the place of the Califomian T. staminea, which is .sometimes 
 erroneously given as a synonym, and is not stramuiea, as often quoted. 
 
 113. It appears that GoulJia (^Thetis, C. B. Ad., olim, non Sby. nee II. & A. Ad.) is 
 congeneric with '■ Circe'' minimn, not with the Astartids. Prof. Adams's 
 frush specimens of his G. Pacifica prove to have the Crassatelloid internal 
 ligament, and represent one of the many remarkable forms of that group. 
 
 117. Fresh specimens of G. variam, from Cape St. Lucas, have also the internal 
 ligament, and must rank under Crassatella until that genus has been natrntdly 
 divided. 
 
 lis. Lazaria CaUfortiica. A well-marked group of species from the West Coast. 
 
 \2l. The purple and orange specimens, here treated as the adolescent state of Chuiua 
 3fexCcana, are certainly the Ch. echinata of collections, and may pos.-iibly 
 prove a distinct species. A large series sent from Socoro Is. by Mr. Xantus 
 confirms this view ; but all the specimens seen are decorticated or incrusted. 
 
 1216. This is the Chama Baddiana of C. B. Ad., and probably distinct. 
 
 1-34. The specimens of Cardium (jnmiferum in Mus. Cum., from St. Thomas, W. I., 
 appear exactly identical. 
 
 136. The specimens from the Pacific coast, some of which are of very large size, 
 
 have generally a red tinge round the inner margin ; as have also the Fiji 
 specimens brought by the U. S. Expl. Exp. In other respects they exactly 
 accord with the W. Indian. The Pacific shells are generally called C. 
 exasperata, Rve., a name first given to the rough Caribbean variety from 
 Honduras, &c. 
 
 137. Codaliia punctata. This shell also, brought by the U. S. Expl. Exp. from the 
 
 Fiji Is., is found sparingly along the American shores, and has the same 
 coloured margin. 
 
 142. May possibly prove identical with L. hella, Conr., S. Diego. 
 
 150. The Lucina orbella of Qio\AA, = Sphcerella tumida, Conr., MS., is the northern 
 form ; uniformly larger and smoother than Diplodonta semia.tpera. This 
 last is fully confirmed from both oceans. 
 
 152. " Felania" serricata appears congeneric with 31iltha, H. Sc A.. Ad., = Jlittrea, 
 Gray, the type of which (3/. CIdldrvni) is a (iulf species. 
 
 154. Lasea rubra. Mr. J. G. Jeflrevs does not consider tne Brit. Mus. specimen 
 identical with the British. The MediteiTanean specimens are much more 
 unlike. A colony of fre.sh shells from a buiTow at Cape St. Luciis, when 
 examined, under the microscope, side by side with Ilfraconibe .specimens, did 
 not present even varietal ditierence". The species also appears on the Cali- 
 fornian and Japan coasts. Similar and perhaps conspecific forms are 
 found on most coa.sts : among them is Poronia Petitiana, Chen. Conch. 111. 
 p. 2, pi. I. f. 2 ; Callao, not rare, Petit. 
 
 156. For this species, corbuloides, and other angular forms, the name Bornia may 
 
 be revived in a restricted sense. (A. Ad.) 
 
 157, 158. Mr. A. Adams, who is about to make the Kelliads a special study, thinks 
 
 that these intermediate forms would rank better with Montacuta or TvlUnnja 
 166. This is almost certainly = -4«0f/oH^rt glauca, Val. 
 168. Dr. Dunker renamed this shell M. Aduniiianm, P. Zi S. Nov. 1856. 
 
 177. The subgenus Adula may be enlarged to include this and other nestling 
 
 ? Lithophaf/i, which often adhere by byssus, like Mmliofa. 
 
 178. Liosolemi* u amXii dis inct from Mi/filiiiieria,w\i'w]\ appears simply an aber- 
 
 rant form of Lyonsia. Other " Lithophaiji" probably rank with it. 
 
 30 
 
ON MOLLrSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF XORTH AMERICA. 515 
 
 l80. Area semfis is from W. Africa ( not " E. Indies ") : oue of tlie mauj rejirestentativo 
 species between the two West Coasts. 
 
 ]f^5. Noetia reversa, Gray. 
 
 7 S(5. Argina hrcvifrons, Sby. 
 
 1*<S. This is the young oi Barhntia alternata. 
 
 liU-lOo belong to the group liarhatia. 
 
 \\Y?,. =Barbatia Taboijensis, from type. 
 
 208. The young of this shell is Avtcufa liheUa, Hve. Pr. ("lould protests ngainst 
 some of the interpretations here given to his views. 
 
 204. The \V. American pearl-oyster should stand as M. Jimbriata, Dkr. It has 
 been redescribed as M. barbata, live. 
 
 212. Dr. frould protests against the Pacific shells being regarded as O. VirffiDi'rn. 
 Mr. Ilanley adheres to his original opinion. Fossils sent from the Sand- 
 wich Is. by Mr. Pease (O. Snndwichensis, Pse.) appear scarcely to differ. 
 
 214ft. The O. pahmdn appears a distinct species. 
 
 215. This species is identical with O. no. 384 of C. B. Ad. It may take the name 
 of O. amara from its " bitter flavour." 
 
 224. Bulla Adamsi=B. punctulata, C. B. Ad., non A. Ad. 
 
 22'.). Haminea ci/mbiforniis is closely allied to JI. virvsri'iis, Sby. 
 
 239. Siphonaria lecanium. S. mattra, Sby., is one of the varieties of this species. 
 The aS. pa/mata may prove distinct. S. ferniyinea, live., is probably ae- 
 scribed from the intermediate form. 
 
 242. lanthiiw striulata. Xame given in ignorance oi striolaia. Ad. and Rve. ; anil 
 not needed, teste Rve. 
 
 245. The Denialhnn htfaUmtm of Phil, is probably the young of D. semipoUtum : 
 this species is distinct. 
 
 217. The Dent, pretiosum of Nutt. is a northern species ; this is most likely D. laa- 
 teiim, Phil. 
 
 248-250. This t\-pical group of Chitonids retains the Linnean name in Dr. Gray's 
 arrangement ; and as he first pointed out the generic distinctions in the 
 family, his judgment is to be prefeiTed. 
 
 252-254, 250. These species belong to Ischnocht'fon, Gray. 
 
 2do. Lepidnpleurus, Risso, has sculptured valves and scaly margin, and is probably 
 synonj'uious with Lophtinis, II. and A. Ad. The nam(> may be retained for 
 the " Lophyroid " Ischnochiton here described, the peculiarities of which have 
 been confirmed by adult specimens in Mus. Cuming, and by other species. 
 
 S')?. Chiton, II. and A. Ad., = Acanthoptetira ((Juild.), (4ray. 
 
 2(i2. =Nac('lhi pdtoides, n. s. (described from Cape St. Lucas specimens). 
 
 20.{. The true Lottia pintadina of Gld. (teste figured types) consists entirely of 
 varieties of A. patina. 
 
 2C5. The " large flat shell " referred-to is TedureUa grandis, Gray, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 
 1861, p. 137. TvctnrvUa is preoccupied by Stimp«. Gr. Manan Invert. It 
 being needful to di%-ide the old genus Acnteen, Lottia may be used for this 
 section. By reviving sjiionyms as sectional names, when a oenus is divided, 
 good names may be retained in a restricted sense, and the burden of a spu- 
 rious nomenclature lessened. Tiie species is Lottia giyantea (Sby. Gen.}. 
 
 200. ScKtcllina naviccUoides, C]')T.,= Crtpidulu oscidan.% C. B. Ad. 
 
 280. This should stand as Gadinia stellata, Sby., that name having been given to 
 the normal form, Rep. pi. 7. f. 3a, of which penteyoniostuma, f. 3/', is only 
 an accidental variety. 
 
 282. CuUopomn Fol\kesii=tes,wUatinn, Rve., is the Lower Califomian form, and 
 probably distinct. 
 
 ^'^'^•b. = Tarbo p/iasianr/ta, C. B. Ad., non .\filaraplir phasianr!/a, Phil. 
 
 281). The first name is T. eximiitu, Rve., P. Z. S. 1842, p. 185 ; Mke.'s shell bearing 
 date 18.50. It appears identical with " Javanicus, Lam.," in Mus. Cum., and 
 is extremely like '' speciosu,<i, Japan." Trochus being now generally retained 
 for the Nilotieua group, which contains the largest forms, it is best to revive 
 Swainson's excellent name Calliostoma for the " Ziziphinwi "group. A specitic 
 name should not be used for a jjeuus, where a distinctive name has already 
 been accurately described. 
 
 81 
 
546 REPORT— 1863. 
 
 290. Callio^toma M- Andrea is the normal state, of which C. Leanum is the pale 
 
 variety. 
 292. Mr. Pease considers that T. Byronianns represents a Pohjdonta from the Paciilc 
 
 Islands. 
 31-'?-.'^l(5. The non-pearly Liotite are Conradia, A. Ad. 
 «i22, 323. Mr. A. Adams thinks that the '' Ethalia^' amplecfam is probably the 
 
 youiijr of" Ttinosfonia" a., as suggested in Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 253. 
 3.38. Crepidula adunca, Cpr. (non Sby.,=so/jV/a, ild.s., = ros.'/v/brwis, Gld.). The 
 
 tropical shell is C. tincata, Mi£e.,= C rostrnta, C. B. Ad., Kve. 
 341. Should stand as C. squama : v. note on C. B. Ad. no. 351. 
 So-L Vermetus ehuniem, Rve ,= V. ?fflomerntm, C. B. Ad., non Lam. The note to 
 
 Cacum, Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 314. should read: — " Of a fourth group, Meinrvras, 
 
 three species are known from the Caribbean Sea, one of which is fos.'^il at 
 
 Grignon. The earliest Ca?cid is the Eocene genus Strebloceras." Vide 
 
 Mou. C.-Bcidffi in P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 41.3-444. 
 
 387. Cei-ithitnn irrofatmn, Gld. (teste type sp. in Mus. Smiths.), is a very distinct 
 
 Ea^t Indian species, = C. ohesum, Shy. sen. 
 
 388. This is not tlie C. iutcrruptum of C.B. Ad., Sby., and Mus. Cum. (Jiodi'r), 
 
 which latter is the roughened form of C. sterciis muscanim, Val. C. GaUa- 
 paf/i'nis is the rough form of C. inferriiptum, Mke. 
 
 389. Vertaiiiis should be changed into Rhinoclaxis, Swains. ; v. note to 289. 
 301-393. The genus Triforis should be removed to Cerithiopsidce. The ti-ue 
 
 " TriforW'' infrequens of C. B. Ad. is a dextral shell, = CVriV/d'o/wis tuher- 
 
 ctdoidex, no. 557. The shell here doubtfully affiliated is probably a variety 
 
 of T. inconspicmis. 
 398. Liturina Ph'Up2ni=L. ?panula, C. B. Ad., non Phil., = i. dubiosa, C. B. Ad., 
 
 nom. prov. 
 309. = Litonna pullata, Cpr. ; described from Cape St. Luca"* sp "imens. 
 40i). VrohdhXs = Rissoina Jinnata, C. B. Ad., + i?. scalarifonnii, C. B. Ad. 
 
 411. " Not a Barleeia,'' teste Jeffr. MS. It seems, however, too clcsely allied tc 
 
 B. rubra to create a fresh genus for it, unless the animal should display difl'er- 
 ences. 
 
 412, 413. Belong to Fenella, A. Ad.* F. excurvata=? Missoa incompicua, C. B. Ad., 
 
 non Alder. 
 
 417. Fresh specimens prove this to be not a dead II>/drobia idva, but a Burhua, 
 
 It appears on the Californian coast, as B. siibteuuis. 
 
 418, 421. Are very similar, and possibly conspecitic forms of Cythna, A. Ad. 
 422. Is a GvmeUii, "teste A. Ad. 
 
 420, 427. Belong to StyUferina, A. Ad. 
 
 430 1'< scq. Some of these forms may rank with Gottoina, A. Ad.,' and thus approach 
 Fossarus. 
 
 437. Lupom'a spvrca. This shell is quite distinct from L. aJbuymnsa, to which it 
 
 was supposed to belong by Dr. Newcomb. It is probably a ballast .specimen. 
 
 438. Quite distinct from the Panamic A. puncUdata. 
 
 445, 410. Cancellariadcp should be removed to Proboscidifera, teste A. Ad. 
 
 450-452. Mr. Reeve unites all these spi cies, with several othei-s, to M. varicyata ; 
 which is certainly the easiest way of meeting the dillicult}-. 
 
 453. Myurella rufoeinerea = T. ritdis, Gray, teste live. 
 
 477. Cunus reyahtatis= V. piirpurascens, var. Most Cones vary in the snme manner. 
 
 484. Tormia varieyuta. Mr. Hanley restores to this shell the uncomfortable name 
 of Cheran. (perspectiviunctda), and unites to it areola, Desh. A careful com- 
 parison wath shells from the Pacific Islands (teste Pease's specimens) proves 
 them to be completely identical. The "specific" names of Chemn., when 
 simply the second word of the diagnosis, can hardly claim precedence. 
 
 486. The genera in this famil}' have lately been revised by Mr. A. Adams. A 
 large number of his Japanese groups are here represented. This species 
 
 • The generic names here given were assigned by Mr. A. Adams, who kindly examined 
 the figures of the minute Mazatlau shells, aU of which have been dj-awn under the u.icro- 
 scope. 
 
 33 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMEF.ICA. 5i7 
 
 fjarees with Pfirdmidella, sp. ind., C. B. Ad., no. 293 (not 294j, and mav l.'fi 
 
 quoted as OhvlUcua Adumsii. 
 4^7, 488. Belong to l.vaka, A. Ad. 
 4"0. Is a St/nio/a, A. Ad. 
 i'J'J. Tlie jiecidiar appearance of the apex is dne to dernllation, as proved by the 
 
 discovery of an adolescent and several adult specimens. It ; robably b.'^oii^jS 
 
 to Dmln, A. Ad., a.ni\= Cinffula jxaiptrcit/a, C. B. Ad., no. :i ,.* 
 403-500. Belong to Miralda, A. Ad. Parlhenia quinqiu:ciHvta='t CinifiUu Cu.rUii, 
 
 C. B. Ad., + Pas-soa notuhilis, C. B. Ad. 
 501, .'»02. Belong toOsciUa, A. Ad. Pwilunia ernrata=? Cingula tereh('llum,C.Ji. Ad. 
 .5(>.'i-o06. The " Odostomoid Ckn/sa/lidce " probably rank best witli Muinida, A. Ad. 
 512. ChnjHallida oiuliim = ? Cinffula incon»picua, C. B. Ad. ; non ?Jimoa incvmpicua, 
 
 C. B. Ad. nee Alder. 
 513-515. Are Pyrgtdina, teste A. Ad. The Japanese species, however, seem more 
 
 like Parthenia, no. 497. 
 517. Is a Styloptiffpna, A. Ad. 
 5i.'0. This is not the Chemnitzia stmtlis of C. B. Ad. ; and is probably a variety of 
 
 Ch. Panamensis. 
 ,123. = ChenDiitzia affinis, C. B. Ad., pars : par8= Ch. undata, no. 531. 
 5l.'5. I>! perhaps a Monnula, A. Ad. 
 645. The various shells grouped under Aclis require revision. Comp. Onoba, A. Ad., 
 
 and Ebala, Gray, which is figured as Aclis in Add. Gen. 
 540. Ranks best with Etdimelki. 
 5.")0. This is not Leiostraca recta, C. B. Ad., and maybe called Mtic onalia involuia. 
 
 551. This is not L. soli f aria, C. B. Ad., and may be called L. producta. 
 
 552. :=MucronaUa solitaria, C. B. Ad. 
 5."i.3. Ranlis be.st with Eulima, teste A. Ad. 
 55.'5. L. refcra ; distinct from L. iota, C. B. Ad. 
 550. Should be Eulima, teste A. Ad. 
 
 557. Vide note to 393. 
 
 5(»3. Belongs to the subgenus Seila, A. Ad. 
 
 5(^>8. Scalaria rancosta is perhaps the young of S. Elenensts. 
 
 509. S. funictdata and S. diadema, Avith their congeners, should be removed from 
 Cirsotreina to Opalia. 
 
 670. Dr. Gould dissents from the affiliation of this shell to the "West .Vfrican species 
 on the ground that "he can separate the African from the Pacific shells us fust 
 as we can hand them to him." So easily can any ordinary natural st separate 
 conspecific British and McditeiTanean specimens, or Mazatlan and Panama 
 specimens. It is not found in the West Temperate fauna ; the "var. Ca!i- 
 furnica " being the ordinary type from the Pacific Islands, which is much 
 more entitled to be regarded as distinct than are the West American forms. 
 
 572. Is shown by perfect Cape St. Lucas specimens to belong to a natural group 
 of species, resembling flattened, perforated Phasiunellce, to which the name 
 Eucosmia may be given. 
 
 6S0. Appears under genus " Lagena, Klein,"* in Mus. Cuming; the Argobuccinit 
 cancellatum, Oregonense, &c., having received a new name, Pricne, 11. & A.Ad. 
 
 CS9. This belongs to Closia, Gray, = Voltdella, Swains., non D'Orb. 
 
 * The names of Klein in his 'Tentamen' and ' Lucubratiuncula,' 1773, are not entitled 
 to precedence (according to the Brit. Assoc, rules), because he evidently did not adopt the 
 Liiuiean mode of binomial nomenclature. Wliat he calls a " genus " answers more to tlie 
 modern idea of chapter or section. By chance, some of his name* are allowable ; but, if 
 used, the genus must be regarded as that of Adams, Gray, Mbrch, or other writer who 
 di'fines it. The following will serve as illustrations of Klein's " genera" — " Sol, Luna, 
 Stella, &c. ; Auris, Anas, Tigris, Pes-anserintis, Tuha-phonurgica, Coohlea-lunaris, 
 Cochlea-eeelata, &e. ; Buccinum-lacerum, Buccinunt-muricatun. Thema-musicvm, &c.; 
 Ost reum-imbricatum, Ostreum-muricatum, &c. ; Musculus-latus, Musculus-mammarivs, 
 &.C.; Tellina-arcinata, Tellina-virgata, Ac.; Concha- longa-bijar is, Concha-longa-unijoris; 
 Conrha-TpiXojio'i ; " and, in p. 167, " Musculus-polylepto-ginglgmus," under which re- 
 markable .^ewer/c name is given as the first species " Arca-No<B." According to the now 
 fashionable transformation of nialai'ologioal nomenclature into a branch of archteological 
 rcieai'ch, under pretence of justicij to ancient writers, the L'theito uuivciially understood 
 
 3 33 
 
548 REPORT— 1803. 
 
 C02. Oliva tnferHnrfa is very close to the rouig of O. xuhantjvla'n, but differs in ih-i 
 
 clie.-itnut stiiin on tlie columella. I have not beeu able to coiupare ii wiia 
 
 the yt)iiii;< of O. Cuminijii. 
 594. Is nn abundant species in the Eastern Islands, occasionally seen in West 
 
 Coast collections. 
 BO.j. Belongs to Aimzola, Gray. The remaining Mazatlan species of Olkella ara 
 
 now- called Olirina, (iray. 
 ens. Ohrvlla aunociiicta= Olira pelliicidu, C. B. Ad., non Kve. 
 599. Olivella {nconspicua, C. B. Ad., is probably the younjr of the rolonrless rar. of 
 
 O. gracilis, which mu~t be excluded from the synonymy of O. ddiiia, no. CiTK). 
 006. The fiorure of Purpura biserialis, jun., lirit. Mus. tablet '22'V2, is stated by Mr. 
 
 A. Ad. to represent the genus Siniiiiiffera,D'Orh., = Chelicrupis, l*"bs. ; just as 
 
 Maci/iUivrayia is the young of Dolium. 
 
 611. Ithizochvihis ntir-\-R. distnns, Cpr. 
 
 612. Tli»' young of Vitularia s(tIehrosa is named /';«?/.« himcllosm, lids., in Brit. Mus., 
 
 and is also the " Ranelln triquetra " of NuttuH's collection. 
 
 618. Is probably C baccata, Gask., in Mus. Cum., though Mr. (Jaskoin regarded it 
 as new. The var. ohsoleta, 6186, is probably ('. (/alaiias, 1{\ e. 
 
 619-622. These shells may perhaps be better studied under Daphnella. 
 
 0."51. Certainly = A'! gemmulma, C. B. Ad. 
 
 6.3;3. Nassa crebristriata ma}' rank as a var. under proxima, C. B. Ad., which is pro- 
 bably itself a var. of lersicolor. 
 
 039. This aberrant group of ft)rms is now transferred to Canthanis in Mus. Cuming. 
 Perhaps they rank better with Sit}hotialia, A. Ad. 
 
 Gu.3. A)iarhis mfotincta (" new," teste Gaskoin) is probnbly = Co?, diminufa, C. B. 
 Ad., in Mus. Cum., but scarcely agrees with the diagnosis, nor was the ac- 
 cordance noticed in the Amherst types. 
 
 659. =P. elegans, Gray, in Griti". Cuv. pi' 2o. f. 2. (1^34.) 
 
 Tho following species, since found, must be added to the catalogue of the 
 Reigen Collection. The specimens are deposited in the British Mnseum; 
 The descriptions of nos. 693-695 appear in the appendix to the Brit. Mus. 
 Cat. ; the remainder are ready for the press. 
 
 704. Ci'Uvpora areolata, Busk. On Oviphalius ligttlatus. 
 
 705. Membranipora ?Flemingii, Busk. „ „ 
 
 707. Dttdylina—G. B. Ad., Pan. no. 516. Obtained from M. Reigen, at Mazatlan, 
 
 by Major Rich. 
 09.3. Lyonsia, sp. ind., 1 sp. 
 
 694. ?Monfacuta chalcedonica, 1 sp. 
 
 706. ?Montacuta obtiisa, n. s., 2 sp. Congeneric with 157, 158. 
 
 695. Crenel/a, sp. ind., 1 sp. 
 69(5. Pecftmcidm, sp. ind., 1 sp. 
 
 697. Cglichna Carpenteri, Ilanl., P. Z. S. 1858, p. 543, 1 sp. P= C. luticola, jun. 
 
 698. Scissurella rimidoides, n. s., 1 sp. 
 
 699. Vitritu'Ua ornata, n. s., 1 sp. 
 
 700. Vitrini'Ua temiisculpta, n. 8., 1 sp, 
 
 701. ? Vitrinella, sp. ind., fragment. 
 
 702. Mangilia sulcata, n. s., 1 sp. 
 70.3. ??Torinia, sp. ind., 2 sp. 
 
 708. Malea ringens. Obtained from M. Reigen, at Mazatlan, by Major Rich. 
 
 .5.3. Jai/s Catalogue. — ilr. Hanley states that after the return of Prof. 
 NTittall, his duplicates were bought by the elder Sowerby, who sold part to 
 
 designations of Lamarck, &c., must give way to such names as the above ; and if some 
 _ other ' Attempt ' or ' Little Lucubration ' of a year's earlier date should be disinterred 
 from now-fortunate concealment, the most modern 'Guides' and 'Books of Genera' will have 
 to be re-written. Klein's idea of Argohucdnum appears to have been that of a " Spotted 
 Whelk," probably Ranella argvs. Argobucciniim, H. and A. Ad., may ftand as defini''! in 
 their ' Genera' for the thin ventricose Triton*. 'I'liey have, however, divided thefpecits 
 between I'riene and Lagena, 
 
 34 
 
ON MOLI.rsCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 549 
 
 Dr. Jay, and part to Mr. Stainforth. The spocimons in Mns. Cum. wore rr- 
 ceived from Dr. Jay ; those in Mas. H;inloy from Mr. Stainforth. In the 
 third edition of Dr. Jay's Catahtu;uc, lS:i9, appear the following .species whiuU 
 have not been identified, and localities not confirmed. 
 
 14. Tellina rosea. Lam. California. [Perhap'* SauijuinolarUi miniataJ\ 
 
 ;{.{. Ptctt'n tiiniifho. lirod. Upper California. 
 
 87. Chiton incarnaim, Nutt. „ 
 
 „ Chiton textilis, Conr. „ 
 
 3i^. Patella plirata, Xutt. „ 
 
 40. FtJisiirel/a pica, ^ixtt. „ 
 
 41. Crepidula squamosa, ^TcA. „ 
 ., Bulla Californica, Nutt. „ 
 
 68. Natica variolaris. California. 
 
 70. Tmchm Californicus, Nutt. Upper Cc ifomia, 
 
 72. Monodtinta fti-sca, Nutt. ,, 
 
 73. Marmorostnma planospira, Nutt. „ 
 „ Litorina iostoma, Nutt. „ 
 „ Litorina mandata, Nutt. „ 
 
 79. Melongena occidentalii, Nutt. „ 
 
 80. Murex sexcostatus, Bruu*. „ 
 8<>. yionoceros plumheum, Kien. „ 
 87. Bucnnum. Boysii, Nutt. y^ 
 
 .54. C. B. Adams. — After arranp:inw the duplicate Keigen Collection in the 
 State Museum at Albany, New York, I proceeded to Amherst, Mass., to 
 fctudy the type-collection from which Prof. Adams's book was written. The 
 result is embodied in a " Review of Prof. 0. B. Adams's ' Catalogue of the 
 Shells of Panama,' from the Type Specimens," written for the Zool. Soo. in 
 Jan., and published in the Proceedings for July 1863, pp. 339-369. In this 
 paper the synonymy between the Mazatlan find Panama Catalogues is pointed 
 out, and the species assigned to the modern genera. The following»are the 
 principal corrections needed in the list. Rep. pp. 267-280. The results in 
 the succeeding paragraphs, pp. 280, 281, should be altered accordingly. 
 (M.=Brit. Mus. Maz. Cat.) 
 
 3. Ovida neglecta= arena, var. 
 
 8. Cyprcca punctidata ; quite distinct from C. arahicula, 
 11. Ci/preea rnbencens. C. B. Ad., = T. sanguinea, dead. 
 
 15. Marijinella sapofilla, C. B. Ad., is perhaps a large form of sapotilla, Hds. It 
 is destitute of the sharp posterior labral angle seen in the West Indian 
 specimens of c(Pndescens. 
 S3. Oliva araneosa, C. B. Ad.,= 0. Melchersi, M. 591. 
 3.5. Oliva pellncida^ C. B. Ad., = O. aureocincta, M. 598, dead. 
 40. Oliva venulata, C. B. Ad.,s= C'. angidata, jun. 
 4.'{. Xassa canescens=iend sp. of X. pagodus. 
 
 50. Katsa pagodu-t, C. B. Ad., =dcctmsata, Kien. [ ? non. Lam.]=rt«//a, M. 625. 
 
 51. Xaxsa Pananiensis has the operculum of Phos and Northia, — erilis, Pws. 
 
 52. Na<sa proxima + oi X. striata, C. B. Ad. [non Mus. Cum. = X.paupera, Gld.], 
 
 -I- X. crebristriata, M. 63'}, are probably vars. of X. versicolor. 
 
 53. Xassa scabriuscula, C. B. Ad., +66 N. Wilsoni^X. complanata, Pws. 
 70. Piirpu. -'/oi-eo/ato, probably = worn sp. of Cuma costata, M. 610. 
 
 74. Purpura osculans+Eh. Californicus +Ith. distans, are probably vars. of Iihiso~ 
 
 cheiluji mix. 
 81. Coliimhella cosfellata, CB. Ai.,= Atiaehis sealarina. Shy. ^^1 
 
 98. Coliimbella parva, C. B. Ad., = dead sp. ot Anaehis pygmeea. 
 
 103. CnhimMla tessellata, C. B. Ad. (non Ga8k.), = ^4. Gnntrnialensix, Rve. 
 
 110. Cassis ahhreviata can scarcely be distinguished, in some of its manv varietiog 
 from the Texan Bezoardica inflata. 
 
 104. Cancellaria affinis scai-cely differs from C. urceolata, M. 445. . - 
 
 35 
 
550 REPORT — 18G3. 
 
 300 Cnvrfllnrin pvflm/pn= C f^muostoma, jun., no. 157, =M. 440. 
 
 lt>4. I'll III-: tiihiu utrior = l)riltia v. MfUher»i. M.4('il. 
 
 lO'J. I'/iiirotoniu discors, C B. Ad., is probably a finely developed var. of D, 
 
 aifiriina. 
 lf^2. Phinotnttia rusti'cn, C. B. Ad., = worn spefimen.s of Z). Melchersi, no. 1G4. 
 I'.il. JLiiij/f/ia npglecta, probably = 3/. ucuticwtata, M. 47^. 
 ]'.'4, 11)."). 201 belong to Cerithiopsis. 
 lS)(i. Cerithitim fameliciim must stand for the West Coast Uncinoids, M. 380; the 
 
 Cuniiugian shell, and two out of ten in the tvpe-series, belong to C. me- 
 
 (Uolave, M. 382. 
 193, W9, 200 are various forms of C. sferctts musranim, Val. ; quite distinct from 
 
 C. interniptum, Mke., and C. irroratnm, Cild. 
 203. Does not correspond with the diagnosis, and must stand as Chrysallida pern- 
 
 percida, a very distinct species. 
 
 208. Is scarcely a variety of Triforis alfernatus, no. 207. 
 
 20!). lioth the specimens are dcxtTal,=i CWilhiopfiig titberculoides, M. «).')7. 
 210. Twritella Banksii, C. B. Ad. (non Itie.) = T. t/onionfonia, jun., M. 379. 
 217. A dead, stunted specimen of Cacum undatum, M. 371. 
 
 220. Chtmnitzia acuminata is a very broad but typical .«pecies ; not Chn/sallida. 
 
 221. Chemnitzia affinis, Mus. Cum. and M. 52.3, has sufficient correspondence with 
 
 the diagnosis; but the type=C%. tindufa, M. ry.]l. 
 
 222. Chomnitzia clathrattda. The type-series contains Chrysallida clathratida, 
 
 M. 513 and Mus. Cum.,+ CAr. communis -^-C'hr. effusa, M. 510, + I>uHkeria 
 subantfulafa, M. 537. 
 
 223. Chemnitzia communis, the tvpe of Chrysallida, M. .507, Cpr. (vix A. Ad.). 
 
 The type-series also contains Chr. effma-\- Chr. tclescopium, M. 508,-h2>m»- 
 keria subanyulata, + ?do. var. 
 225. Chemrutzia major ranks with Dtmkeria. 
 
 227. Chtmnitzia Panamensis contains also Ch. Adamsii, M. 519, -fC%. ? graciUima, 
 
 M. 5:50. 
 
 228. Chemnitzia similis, like actdeus ; differs from Ch. ?similis, M. 520, which per- 
 
 l\fips=Prtnrtni«iSM, var. 
 230. Chniinitzia tui'rita=2ol, " Eissoa, sp. ind." 
 2.31, 23."), 237, 2:i8. These species of " fLitorina " belong to Fo*sarus. 
 233. Litnj-inaatrata-\-{tiA\\\t) 257, fAdeorbis ahjecta, are the same (variable) species 
 
 of Fossarina, A. Ad. 
 219. Litorina panula, C. B. Ad. (non Phil.), = Z. Philippii, M. 398. 
 244. Hissoajirmata+C^wn.) 2.50, R. scaliformis= liissoina, sp. M. 409. 
 246. ?Ilis.<oa inconspicua, C. B. Ad. (non Aid.), does not accord with the diagnosis, 
 
 but is identical with Aliania tumida, M. 414. 
 249. Rissna notabilis-\-Cingula ?ttirrita belongs (with 252 and 254} to another 
 
 suborder, = iVo-^AfHirt quinquerincta, M. 498. 
 2.")2. ?Ci)ifiula inconspicua= Chrysallida ovidttm, M. 512. 
 2.'^3. Cinyula patipercula = ? Odostomia mamillata, M. 492, = JJiala. 
 2-^4. Ciiifftda terebellum = Parthenia exaruta, M. 501. 
 2(51. VitrimUa minuta. The original type accords better with Ethalia, 
 20(5. Vitrinella reyulans is also an Ethaha. 
 
 209. VitrimUa valvatoides. Probably an Ethalia. 
 270, 271. Are appai'entlv vars. of Solarium granulatum. 
 
 272. May be distinguished as lorinia rotundata, from its great superficial resem- 
 blance to Helix rotundata. 
 
 275. Trochufi Leanus is a pale var. of CaUiostoma ifAndrere. 
 
 276. Trochus lima can scarcely be distinguished from C. Antonii, Mus. Cum., 
 
 dredged in the .Japan seas bv Mr. A. Adams. 
 
 277. Trochus liridus, C. B. Ad.,=.Modulu8 disculus. M. 403. 
 
 280. Trochus ret ictdatus= Omphalius viridulns, M. 292. 
 
 281. Turbo Buschii, C. B. Ad., = Uvanilla inermis, M. 287, = T. variegafus, Gray, MS. 
 
 in Brit. Mus. The true U. Eu^chii is coloured outside like U. oticacea, but 
 with a white base like U. inermis. St. Elena, lids, in Brit. Mus. 
 
 282. Turbo phasiaiiellUf C. B. Ad., is probably the perfect form of Puasianella^ ?vai. 
 
 36 
 
OS MOLLTTSCV OF THE WEST COAST OF VORTH AMERICA. 551 
 
 striulafn, M. SS^Ji. Its opemilura proves it to be a true PhananeUa, and 
 
 ni)t Mflnraphe phanianilla, Pliil., of Add. Gen. 
 28-1. Tnrhn rtttilitu, the worn remains oi what purhaps was once Poinaulax widosua, 
 
 hnmirht in baUa-it tVom Lower Ciilitbnna. 
 :?-f» Sriilnria. sp. r,= Opn/ia funiculata.'yin., -M. 509. 
 1»'.K). KitUma •Li-iodriicn] iota appeal's di-ttinct from L. retorta, M. 555. 
 •J.\y2. Emima \ Mucrona/ia] .lo i'tun'a = Leiostnica, sp. a, M. 5.52. 
 2!t{. PjirumideUa, 8p., = 06^/j<r«« Adatmii, M. 480. 
 I'.Kj. N'ltica lurrla, C. li. Ad., = pale var. of iV! maroccuna. 
 ■207. ?>\tticfi ntis, C. B. Ad. (aou I3r. and Siby.J, = Poliiiices " Salangotiemis,'' C. B. Ad., 
 
 no. 298. 
 2(X). Natica SonJeyetiana, C. B. Ad., closely resembles JV! tnaroccana, with larger 
 
 umbilifiis. 
 .300. Xiitira viryinea, C. B. Ad.,-f-.'',02, N., sp. ind. b, = Poliruces ubei; M. 576. 
 oOl. Ka*ica, sp. a, = maroccnna, var. unifa^ciata. 
 318. frTruncahU'i dithiim is probablv a Paludinella, 
 
 321. liuUa punctu1ntn = It. Aduimii, M. 224. 
 
 322. Pul/u, »'p.=2Torn(ifiiia carinnfa, M. 22."5. 
 
 .')2.{. Vermctim 'fi/lomendits. V. W. Ad.,= f'. ehurnem, Rve., M. .354. 
 
 324. Vcniietus Panamemiis, C. B. Ad.,=.<4/t'<e^ ceiitiquadnis, M. 352. 
 
 32"). Sfomidetla injlata is a Lnmellaria. 
 
 32(5. Jlipponyx Ymbrufa, C. B. Ad.,= //. (?/-aya;H*s, jun., M. 350, + ?ftar6rt<iM, jun. 
 
 327. Hippomjx '^bnrhata, C. B. Ad. The type-series contjiins if. barbatus, M. 349, 
 
 4-JEf. Grayanus+ I)i<cina Ctimitiyn, M. 14 (valve). 
 330. Ca/yptro'a aberrans is a valve of Anomia. 
 3^31. Cah/ptrcpa aspersa= Gulerus coMiCiw, broken, worn, and young; one sp. may be 
 
 mamilktri<. 
 S33. Calyptreca conica. Most of the specimens are (?. mamiHa ris,= 5i0, G. regit- 
 
 Inris: but a few may be tlie true G. conicus, worn, M. 332. 
 338. Calyptrrea planulafa is a young flat C. cepacea. 
 342. Calyptraa 'f?unyim, C. B. Ad., = CructbidHm s/nnosum, jun. 
 34^3. Crepidula cffithicda^C. o«yx, jun., M. .'{40,4-6'. incur ca.'^xxn., M. 3.39. 
 349. Crepidtda squama. Some of the young shells belong to C onyx ; one perhaps 
 
 to C. inciirva. 
 850. Crepidula unguiformis. Some of the specimens belong to this species ; others 
 
 to C. nicea. 
 351. Crepidida nicea. The t_%'pe-specimens are small, poor, and rough, of the var. 
 
 striolata, passing into Lessonii. Perhaps, therefore, the first name squama 
 
 should be retained for the species (nos. 348, 349, 350, part, and 351j, leaving 
 
 striolata and Less'mii for the vars. 
 S52. Crepidula osctduns belongs to another order, = SciUeUina navicelloides, M. 269. 
 353. Crepidula rostrata, C. B. Ad., llve.,= C. uncata, Mke., M. 338 ; and is perhaps 
 
 distinct from C. adunca, i>hy., =solida, lids. , = ro.striformi8, Gld. 
 
 357. Fissurelh mierotretna. Dead shells, of which part= F. rugosa, var. M. 273. 
 
 358. Fismrella mm. Intermediate between Glyphis in&qualis, M. 279, and var. 
 
 pica. 
 361. FissurfUa virescens. Intermediate between F. v., M. 271, and F. nigropunctata, 
 no. 359. 
 
 366. Siphonaria ?pica, C. B. Ad. Young dead limpets \?Acmaa']. 
 
 367. Lottia fpatina, C. B. .\d. [non Esch.], may stand, until more specimens have 
 
 been collated, as Acmaa (?Jloceata, xar.) Jilosa. 
 
 368. Lottta, sp. ind. a, may be quoted as Acmaa {?Jloccata, var.) subrotundata. 
 
 369. Lottia, sp. ind. 6, may rank, for the present, as Acmaa (?vegpertina, var.) 
 
 rernicosa. 
 371. fPatella, sp. ind., resembles P. ttdgata, but may be an Aemeea. 
 372-37G. There was no opportmiity of dissecting the' Amherst Chitons ; but among 
 
 the remaining duplicates o{ the collection (all of which were obtained and 
 
 brought to England) were the following : — 
 C73. Chiton div^fir. C. B. Ad. {? non Sby.), including Zepidoplewus Adamsii and 
 
 var. and L. teiiuiscul^ius. 
 
 37 
 
552 »EroRT— 18C3. 
 
 .'<7.'. Ctifm piiJrhilluK, nlon<r with Isrhnochitnn Elennma, and ?var. exjrressua. 
 
 .".7(5. Chiton Stokeaii. t^eiit as T. /Wm/jm by Mr. ( 'uuiiiif,'. 
 
 377— "^70. Probably vars. of An miii tenuia (mm iam/>e). 
 
 IM), 'Ml. Osfna, j»p. iml. u aud i, a peculiar corrugated species, which may stand 
 
 as O. I'lintinifnsi/i. 
 382. O.^/zva, 3^>. iud. c, resembles O. r«/a, Gld., MS, (not Lam. in Deless.), not 
 
 ( 'o/unihu-mti.t. 
 38.3. Ostrea, sp. ind. d, more like the Gulf Mex. shells than O. Vir</inica, M. 212. 
 384. Ostrea, sp. ind. i; may stand as O. amara. The " small var."' ia O. concha- 
 
 phila, M. 214. 
 38(5. Spoiuh/lm, ^\\, = riicatula peniciUata, M. 210. 
 393, 304. A;v(a, sp. «, 6,= /. Chemnitzianum. The Jamaica conspecific shells are 
 
 labelled " birolor, Ad." 
 30(». P(////« tuhirculiKia, C. H. Ad., probably = P. maura, jun. 
 
 308. Lithixhmm, .«p., includes Z. aristatua, M. 1713, Z. attenuatus, M. 173, and 
 
 Z. 'fplamula, j{m., M. 175. 
 
 309. Modiolti Kvmifitsca, C. B. Ad., = .V: i?ra=j7»en«s, M. 171. More like the Atlantic 
 
 shells than are those from Gulf Cal. A specimen, undoubtedly from N. 
 
 Zealand, is pronounced con.specific by Mr. Cuminp. 
 400-404. M(>(fii>/a, sp. ind , contains M. caj'jojc, M. 170, Mi/t.nmltifonnis[=:Adatn~ 
 
 slaniiJi, Dkr.l, M. KW, several vars., and AduUi cinnumomea, var. M. 177. 
 405. Chdnia liuddiuna (in poor condition j = C'A. {'rfrondosa, var.) fomicata, 
 
 M. 121 h. 
 40ft. Clutmu ?corni!/at(i, small valve; larjre one ?= Ch. Mexicana, reversed. 
 407. Chama ichinata, C. B. Ad., 'i = Mexicana, j\in.,-\-Jiuddiana, ^uu 
 414. Area ?avicidoides, C. B. Ad., appears a young Scaphurca. 
 410. Area phohidifornm=. Barb) it ia ijradata, var. 
 422. Area similis, scarcely a variety of ^. tuherndosa, no. 425. 
 432. C'ardiuni planicoMutum, V. B. Ad., may be a worn valve of Hemicardia hian- 
 
 ffulata, but more resembles a ballast specimen of the W. Indian 7/. media, 
 435. Venus 'famatfiwfia, C. B. Ad., = Anomalocardia suhimbricata, M. 113 
 43ft. Venus discors= Tapes f/rata, ^I. 110, var., + 71 histrionica, M. 100. 
 442. Venus, sp. b,= Chii>ne suf/dlafa, live. (,=?crenifera, M. 105). 
 
 450. Gmddia Pacijica, M. 110^ does not belong to the Professor's genus, but is a 
 
 form of Crassatella. 
 
 451. Cxfrena maritima. " The discoverv of Cyrente in brackish water is a fact of 
 
 some importance to geologists, wliich was duly appreciated by D'Orb." (T. 
 
 Prime, in Ann. Lye. N. Y. 18(31, p. 314.) 
 457. Donax rostratus, C. B. Ad. (non Gld., MS., and from it Cpr. in M. Appendix, 
 
 p. 549), teste type-valve=Z>. carinatm, Mus. Cum. dim, and trom it M. 71 ; 
 
 non li. carinatus, Mus. Cum. hodie, and type, teste Hanl., = Z>. cidminaius, 
 
 M. 72. 
 459. Telfina coffnata = Psammobia casta, Rve., teste Cuming. 
 466. Teliina felix. The affiliation of this shell to Striyilla fucata, Gld., ]\IS., was 
 
 doubtless due to an accidental eiTor in labelling. No. 47(3 is the same 
 
 species, dead. 
 468. Teliina pudla. Resembles T. felix, not ??puella, M. 59. 
 471. Teliina simulans. The type valve exactly accords with the Professor's W- 
 
 Indian specimens. 
 473. Teliina vicina, CR. AA.,=versicolor, C. B. Ad., MS. on label. Larger than 
 
 most W. Indian specimens, which exactly accord with the Acapulcans, and 
 
 are varieties of lletcrodonax bimaadatus. The Panamic shells resemble 
 
 the Lower Califomian, which are Psainviubia Pacifica, Conr. 
 
 477. Petricola cognata. Perfect specimens are P. pholadiformis, teste Cum. 
 
 478. Saxicara tenuis, Shy., C. B. Ad., H. and A. Ad., = 'Petncola tenuis, H. and A. 
 
 Ad. Gen. pp. 349-411, and better accords with the latter genus. 
 470,482. Cundnyia coarctata = lameUma, var. M. 42. 
 480, 481. Cumingia triyonularis, M. 43. 
 
 483. Cuminyia, sp. c, = M. 45, and, if not described, may stand as C. Adamsiu 
 
 484. Cuminyia, sp. d, = ^. tablet 107, p. 31. 
 
ON Moii.rsrA or the west toa'st of north America. 5C3 
 
 4^''). AmpJiiilrsma birolor^Stmtli' ?ri'niisffi. M. 41 fnoii A. Ad. \ 
 
 4"^'. Aniphiiltsittu proxiiiiiiiii, j)robiil)lv =■<>'♦$. vllipticum, \ar. : aot Simele projrima, 
 
 M. 40. = .V/«(v,sr«/i.i. (ild.. M.'p. r;4S. 
 4'"*!*. Auiphitlmntn strinmim, roeiiiMcTi Srfnrlr piilrhrn, no. 4)*8. 
 4'Jl. .Impfiulfftiiin vvntriroMiiH. Scurccly p'rfcct eiiouijh to distinguish the genus. 
 
 The valve outside ri'-itnd)lfs Mncumii suluhiln. 
 4^7. Analinu alta. A valve of PtrliilnniH ; probably one of the Gulf ppeeies. 
 
 498. I'antlora coniuta, iinnied uiid described from a fractured growth ; rcsi niblos 
 
 Vltditjphora clnvirtdnta. 
 
 499, 500 are varieties of the same species oi Azara, of which perhaps no. 501 is an 
 
 extreme form. 
 60G. Corbula nibra= C. hinuliata, jun., no. 503, M. 31. No. 509 are dead valves 
 
 of the 8ame,= ('. po/i/chroma, Cpr. 
 508. Corbula, sp. a, resenib.es ('. pustiilosa, M. .32. 
 
 610. iSiilentrtun affinis, probably =& Ciiribhfritn=.Sifiqiian'a f/ibba, Spengl., S.I. 
 
 Check-List, no. 222. The W. African specimens are attiiiuted to the same 
 species by Mr. Cuming. The Mazatlun shells, M. 37, have a ditilreut 
 aspect, but closely resemble the Ariquibo specimens in Mus. Amherst. 
 
 611. So/en nulis is named Saleiia ohliqua, Spengl., in Mus. Cum. It appears iden- 
 
 tical with EitsuteUa awhit/ua. Lam., as figured by Deless. ; but 'S'. amli>t;iia 
 (I^m.), Swains., is slightly difi'erent, and better agrees with the dead vu.vcs 
 of *' & mediux, Aliitska," in Brit. Mus. These may, however, be only bnlhist- 
 valves. As <S'. atttbiijna. Lam., was described from America, and the form 
 is not known elsewliere, it probably represents the I'anamic shell. 
 
 515. Pholas, sp. a, = laqmaftt, teste Cum. 
 
 610. Pholas, sp. b, closely resembles Dactylina dactylus; also La Paz, teste Kich. 
 
 The following species were collected by Prof. Adams, but do not iippo; r 
 in his Catalogue ; they were found either mixed with others in the Amherst 
 lluseum or in the shell-washings of his duplicates*. 
 
 518. Muniiola ovata. 
 
 519. Chi-ysiillida effusa. 
 
 520. Chrvsallida telescopium. 
 
 521. Chrvsallida fasciata, 
 
 522. Chrvsallida, n. s. 
 525. Leiostraca retexta. 
 
 524. Eulima yod. 
 
 525. Volutella margaiitula. 
 520. Caecum semilseve. 
 527. Caecum subquadratum. 
 
 528. Caecum clathratum. 
 
 529. Lepidopleurus tenu scnlptuai 
 
 5.30. Iscnnochiton Eleueusis. 
 
 5.31. Cerithiop-sis, n. s. 
 
 532. Lucina capMX. 
 
 533. Kellia suborbicularia» 
 
 534. Sphoenla fragilis. 
 
 535. Tellina laminala. 
 
 536. Crenella intlata. 
 
 55. Bnfish Museum Catalogues. — To the list of Deshaycs, Cat. VeneriJce, 
 n-jy be added — 
 
 7. Dositiia ponderosa, GTaj,= Ci/th, gigantea, Sby,,= F<?nM5 cydoides, DOrb. 
 
 [Gulf] California. 
 135, Cf^ione callosa [Desh. et auct. Iint.,= Ch. Jluctt/raga, var., quite distinct from 
 
 Callista (Atnian(is) callosa^, Conr. 
 147. CVitone a*rfrt/-<(«W<'«, Beck, Greenland. [1849. = Tapes fitictuosa, CAd., 1841; 
 
 teste Gld., Otia, p. 181. Midd.'s figures more resemble V. Keimefleyi, juu.] 
 
 The authorities are rarely given for localities quoted in this elaborate 
 •work. The same species often occur under different names. The Veneridce 
 
 * With regard to the species which have received different designations in the Eeigen 
 and Adameiau catalogues, whether those names be retained of which the specimens exist, 
 and liave been widely distributed, in accordance with the diagnoses, or whether the prior 
 ones be adopted of wliich the unique types do not represent the descriptions, is a matter 
 of little moment to the writer of the Brit. Mus. Cat. He spared no pains in makintr-out 
 his jiredecessor's species before describmg his own, and has offered the best sttaiuabie 
 hit of the parallel forms in the review here quoted. 
 
r>54 urpoRT— 1SG3. 
 
 in the Brit. "Mns. Coll. have received Deshayes' auto:»raph names, in accord, 
 anee with this Catalogue, generally on the back of the taiilets. 
 
 In the Urit. Mus. Catalogue of Volutidce*, 1855, Dr. Gray arranges tha 
 W. Coast species thu.s : — 
 
 Page. Ifo. 
 
 17 7. L>/nn (Erxpfa) H.irpn, Adams. 167: Gray, P. Z. S. 1855. p. 61 ; Hnh. Peru, 
 
 = Voluta Hai-pa, Harnes. Sby., Conch." Thes. [= Valuta liarnedi, Gray, 
 Zool. .loiim. vol. i. p. 51 1, note.] 
 
 18 10. Lijria (EiKsta) C'umingii, Brod. (loc.ctt). Central America, S. Salvador, 
 
 GulfFouseca. 
 
 56. Sailors Coll. — Peden Isenaforius may be a form of sericeus, Hds. 
 
 57. GoiihVs Collections. — " Planorhis ammott, = TrasIi'ei, Lea. P. (jrnci- 
 lentus '? =z Liehmanni, Dkr.. or Huldemanni," teste Gld. MS. The collec- 
 tions of Mr. Blake and others will be found under the " Pacific Railway 
 Explorations," v. posteci, par. 98. 
 
 58. Brithjes. — Some of the species described as new on Mr. Cuming's 
 authority appear, on further comparison, to be identical with those before 
 known. 
 
 ?Scrobicutan(i pro(1urfa = Lutricola\ Domhei/i, Lam. 
 
 Strigilia (Usjinicta nppears to the author identical with S. stncera, Hani. [" Quite 
 distinct.'' H. Cuminj^.j 
 
 LyoDsia d{<iph(ina=iL. injlata, Conr. 
 
 Callioittomn M^Audrece^novmsX state of C. Lemwm, C. B. Ad. 
 
 Natica erc'ivata + X. Hiineti, Reel., appear varieties of N. EletKP, Reel., the 
 analogue oi lincotn, ( hemn. 
 
 Add Atom (" Tnchotropis") Gotikiii, II. and A. Ad., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 309; 1861, 
 p. 272. 
 
 59. Pror. Zool. Soc. — The following additional synonyms have been ob- 
 served in the list. Rep. pp. 285-288 : — 
 
 Page. 
 
 1835 43. I'l mis leucodon-\- Califomien.«ts [=Chione succtncta,\a\. 1833]. 
 „ 110. P<-rfen circtd^iri.s [? = venfricosii$, mn.^. 
 
 1850 24. PI. 8. f. 4. (Add) Vtanim/ia similis, A. Ad. N.W. coast of America. 
 
 „ 37. Gena raria, A. Ad. Mindoro, 9 fms., 6'«»ij«.9; Australia; Acapulco, 
 on the sands, M<>ff<U. [Clearly imported.] 
 
 1851 153. Infnudibtdum Californiann [is a Pacific 8hell = J. cJdoromphalus, var.]. 
 „ 168. Ziziphimis CaUfornictts [= Culliostoma eximitim, Rve.]. 
 
 „ 190. Man/arita calustoma [ = 31. pupilla, G\d., =costellat(t, Brit, Mus. Col., 
 non Sbv.]. 
 
 1853 185. Pdi'udolii'a KeUettii, A. Ad. [ — Marron (Zemira) Kellettit, Mu«. Cum. : 
 
 = Piisio trochlea, Gray, MS. in Brit. Mu.s. Cerros Is., Ay res]. 
 
 1854 316. Chlorostoma fmiebrale [ = 2V. marginatus, Nutt. (non Rve.); = T. mocstus, 
 
 aiict. noiinul. ; non .Jonas]. 
 „ 359. Tellina Mazatlanica [ = T. pura, Gld., 1851]. 
 
 1855 231. Chiton Motdereyeusis \^ = Mopalia llgnosa, Gld., 1840: = 3/e»"cAj»^Midd., 
 
 18471. 
 „ 231, 232. Ch. Hartioegii and regtdaris belong to Ischnochiton. 
 
 * In Donovan's ' Naturalist's Repository,' vol. ii. 1834, p. 61, appears (without 
 authority) " Voluta Dufre.tnii, Don., California, S. America." 
 
 t This belongs to a group of sjiecies in which the cartilago is semi-internal, intermediate 
 hot ween Scrohicvlaria { = Lufrii ola) and Macoma. They are arranged under the fornicp 
 group in Add. Gen. ii. 409, as " subgen. Capua, Bosc." That Lamarokian name being in 
 common use for Iphigcnia, Schum., and being also employed for Afaphis and Gasfravo. it 
 adds to the confusion to use it for a fourth group. The bulk of Blainville's old gnius 
 liaving migi'ated to Lutraria and Scrobicuiaria, his name may be revived lor this grouu 
 not otherwise provided-for. The S})ecie8 was redescribed in cousti^ueuce of UumU^i hmiu^ 
 beeu left among the true Ttlknn in Mus. Cum. 
 
 4d 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, oDJ? 
 
 Pitgo. 
 
 1855 214. Callnpoma drpressum l_ = SenecfusfumcuIatus,K\cn.: not American]. 
 The following species appear in later numbers of the Proceedings : — 
 
 1856 360. Mi/tilm A/lamnianui, Dkr. [ = M. multiformis]. Panama, Cumin j, 
 „ 365. Volsella splendida, Dkr. California. 
 
 Dr. Gray, in his elaborate article on the Olnidce, 1858, pp. 38 et seq., 
 gives 0. jidieta, Duel., 0. araneosa, Lam., and 0. venulata. Lam., as syno- 
 nyms of Strephona reticularis. Lam. ; and quotes as "species (?) more or less 
 allied to it," 0. polpasUi, Duel., 0. splendiduhi. Duel., " O.jaspidia, Ducl.,= 
 0. Dm-Iosii, live." [?], 0. A:(//fOH^')ur, Duel. (Gallapagos), 0. Cuuiinjii, live., 
 and OUva Schumacheriana, Beck, " California : front of pillar-lip brown " 
 [?=0. Cumingii, var.]. 
 
 For 0. volutella, Lam. (including 0. razamola, DucL), he constitutes tho 
 genus liamola. 
 
 For 0. undatella, Lam. (including 0. ?hieroffJijphica, Rve., 0. nodidina, 
 Duel., and 0. ozodlna, Duel.), and similar species, he forms the genus 
 Anazola. 
 
 The restricted genus Olivella is altered to Oliviiui, and includes (from the 
 "West Coast) 0, gracilis, Shy., 0. aw/rora, Duel., 0. teryina, Duel., 0. lineolata 
 =dama, Goodall* ; and, in a section, 0. columellaris, Sby., 0. semisidcata, 
 Gray, and 0. zonalis. Lam. 
 
 The Califomian species, 0. hiplicata, Sby..= 0. nu.T, Goodall, in Wood, is 
 placed in the genus Scaplnda. This is constituted for an animal, " OlivannllA 
 aitrictdaria," D'Orb., on which, in his work on S. America, he figures the 
 shell of 0. hiplicata (teste Gray). The shell might in some way have become 
 mixed with S. American specimens ; but as D"Orb. could not possibly have 
 there observed the living animal, the genus should be restricted to the latter. 
 The shell of 0. hiplicata is very peculiar, and has not been found south of 
 San Diego. D'Orbigny's genus is Olivancillaria. 
 
 Page. 
 
 1859 2aO. Te/'eftra s<n/7ff<rt, Sbv.. Tank. Cat. Panama, Real Lejos. =Biicp!num 
 elongatum, Gray, Wood, = 2'e/-f6;-a zebra, Kien.,= Ttrebra Jlu>)uiaj 
 Less. 
 287. Terebra Salleana, Desh. Mexico [?ubi], Salle. 
 
 302. Terebra Petiveriana, Desh. (Pet. Gaz. pi. 75. f. 5). Panama. >Iu^. Cum. 
 
 303. Terebra ■<pecill(Ua, Hds. " Probably two species here tigul^'d." l:*an 
 Bias, Mexico. 
 
 303. Terebra larviformis, lids. " Probably two species here figured." St, 
 
 Elena, Monte Cluisti. 
 307. Terebra formosa, Desh. Panama. Mas. Cum. 
 
 307. Terebra iucomparahilis, Desh. [ = T. flamtiiea, Lam., teste Rve., P. Z. S. 
 ]8<')0, p. 4501. Panama. Mus. Cum. 
 
 308. Terebra insiynis, Desh. Panama. Mus. Cum. 
 
 428. Spundylm IVrfonV/', Sby., pi. 40. fig. 8. Gulf of Califoniia. Mus. Cum. 
 428. 3/«//rx ^<p«8«^M», Sby., pi. 4s». fig. 3. Gulf of California. Mus. Cum. 
 
 1800 370. Leda Tai/lori, Ilanl.' Guatemala. Mus. Cum., Taylor. 
 „ 440. Leda Hiudsii, Ilanl. ? Gulf of Nicoya. Mus. Cum., Ilanl., Mete. 
 „ 4(Q_iL->n ] Review of Deshayes' ' Monograph of the Terebridw,' 18o!t, by Mr. 
 I Reeve. His synonvms are quoted under par. 62, ' Conch. Ic' 
 1862 239 5 Bursa fmc.o-co!*tato, Dkr. Calitomia, Mus. Cum. [No autho- 
 rity.] Like IS. bitubercularis, Lam. 
 
 • Many of the names given to the shells in Wood's Suppl. vrcrc arbitrarily altered by 
 I)r. Goodall, as the work passed tlu'ougli the press (ti-ste Urtt\ j. However, il the lu'«t 
 j)u6^*Ae(/, they will be allotted the right of preeecleuco, 
 
 41 
 
 » 
 
 » 
 
 »1 
 
Pago. 
 
 Sp. 
 
 1-i 
 
 4. 
 
 1-2 
 
 
 lo3 
 
 5.' 
 
 556 REPORT — 18G3. 
 
 In the P. Z. S. 18G1, pp. 145-lSl, is the first part of the lonp-expecfea 
 *' lie view of the VennetUUe,"^ by Otto A. L. iloieh. The species of the 
 AVest Coast are arranged us follows : — 
 
 Stcphopomn peiinafum, ^llkch, pi. 25. f. P>~8. | Eealt jo. on Callop-.via 
 Stcphopoma p<-uiui(u)H, !-'vsr.ii'.s/y//«w(/,pl.:?5.f.9,10. | and ('nicihu/iiin. 
 aiphiDiiiim (Ih'udn poma) mri/dniastuin, Mcireh, pi. 25. f. 12, 1^. "rCflli- 
 foruia ; burrowing iu Huliotis nudosus, live." \)\{iX, a Califoruiim 
 species.] 
 ,, SiphoHiutn {Dendropoma) megamashnn, var. centiqi/adra, Moroh. 
 
 '■ =Aletes ccHtiquddnis, var. inibn'cafiis. !Muz. Cat. p. oU2," Morch fnon 
 Cpr.]. California, burrowing in ILdiotk xplcndens [a strictly Callfor- 
 niau species, not found on the Me.xican coa<t"j. 
 154 6. Siphonium (Dcndn/poma) litiieHa. yiiJrch. California; deeply imbedded 
 in Haliotia splemhns; Mus. Ciini. 
 ? = .Stoa ammonitiformis, M. de SeiTes. 
 
 ssS/)irotf/i/pftus, sp., Cpr., B. A. Report, p. .124. . [Found on shells from 
 AVashington Ter. to Cape St. Lucas (also S(X'oro Is., Xanfii^) : but it 
 has not been observed on the Mexican or Central American coast.] 
 1G4 20. Siphonium 7)tfi)\t/anf(irinn,\ ill. I'anama, J'id.; Mazatlan, i?t'jV/^7(. 
 
 177 36. f 
 
 " =iAletes mar<i(inturum, Maz. Cat. p. .30.'}," [teste Morch, uon Cpr.*], 
 Wtiiicidus pe/litridiif, lirod. and Shy., pi. 25. f. 17-20. 
 Var. a. pUinorboides = fk-rpiita reyuluris, Chenu. Huh. ? — ^ on fMarffuri- 
 tifera. Miis. Cum. 
 ,, \ax. aa. hiquearis. W. Columbia. Oo/iw//. 
 173 .. Xar. ^. ciniKDiiomina. W. Cohunbia, CtDning. 
 ,, ,, Var. -y. vdluhilis, Miinh, pi. 25. f. 18, 19.= Veniiefus ehurneus, Iive.,= 
 
 V. lumhrirnlis. Knight. Hab. ? — . Mus. Cum. 
 ti •• Var. S. vohibilis {iididtd) picta, Miirch, = Verm, ebumriis, Alaz. Cat. 
 p. ;5()4. W. Columbia, Vumiiig ; Puntarenas, Oersted, Jourii. 
 Conch, viii. p. 80. 
 t« It Var. (. craMd, Morch, = Ser]). Pannmoisis, Chen. 111. pi. 10. fijr. 5 = 
 Vermicidus ehurneus, Miiivh, Joiu'u. Conch, viii. ."50. I'uniareiuii, 
 Oersted. " Fos-il at Newburn, N.C.," Xuttall |_te-te Miirch]. 
 
 179 .. \&T. ^. ti(irina,yVovd\\. W. Columbia, CwHfi"////. 
 
 . . t . Var. r). castanea, Miirch. On Murex melanoleucus, Morch. 
 . , . . Operculum : W. Columbia, Cumiiuj. 
 
 .. Var. 1, from var. h.= Vermetus Ilindsii, Gray, Add. Gen. fig. ?8, a, h, 
 Puntarenas, Oer.ited. 
 
 180 . . Var. 2, di^rifer, from var. 8. Puntarenas, Oersted. 
 , , . , Var. .'{, from var. t. PI. 25. f. 17. 
 
 Var. 4, imbqrano^a, from var. r). Puntarenas, Oersted. 
 
 181 38. Vermiculm efusns, Vid., = " Vit-metus e., Val." Chen. 111. pl. 5. fig. 4, 
 
 ac. =iiipho)iium e., Chen. Man. fig. 2801. " Fig. 4 of Chen, t is 
 from specimen figured in Voy. Ven. as V. ceiitiqiiadrKS." 
 In the second part of Miirch's " lleview of the Vermttidie,'^ lS(il, pp. 
 326-305, occur the following. A portion of the genus Bivonia is united to 
 Spiroyhjphus. Petaloconchiis, AJetes, and part of Bivonia are united to V>-r- 
 vietiis, Mcirch (non auct.). " e name Aletes appears to he used in a varietal 
 sense, in no respect according with the subgenus as jribed by the author. 
 
 * I was perhaps wrong in referring the Mazatlan shells to Val.'s species ; but if Jlr. 
 Morch is right in liis own determination, the Mazatlan synonyniy and localitv must be 
 expunged. There was no evidence of a typical Siphonium whenttie Reigen Catalogue was 
 publislied, nor have I st>en such from the whole coast, unless ^h' minute operculinn h, 
 Brit. Mus. Col., tablet 2537, be supposed the young. M6rch says, " the lid is unknown.' 
 The operculum of tlie similar Mazatlan species, on wliich the subgenus Aletes was 
 founded, is deijcribed in Maz. Cat. p. 302. 
 
 t " Cpr.'s observations n^specting Chenu'g plates (Maz. Cat. p. 306. hn. IS) are in part 
 erroneous, it being overlooked that Chenu has two plates marked ' V.' ;" note *, p. ^w, . 
 
 42 
 
ON MOLLTTSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF J.'ORTH AMERICA. 537 
 
 P";e. Sp. 
 
 I,j2 8. Sj)ir '</li/j)iiu^ (ilUdun, ?C^T. yiA7.At\a.n, Eeigen. Operculum ^r et ?/, Maz. 
 Cat. p. •'>l\.=I}ii:niiut alhifla. Cpr., Maz. Cat. p. ;307. Operc. y is with- 
 out doubt ijf lS/)iruff'i/p/ius, and not of liivotiia, var. indentata. Uperc. / 
 is truly coufrfne'.-ic, and perhaps conspt'citic. 
 344 4. Vertni'fus (^'I'/tj/luciKlii-:) roiitortits, Cpr* Gulf Calif. Mus. Cum. 
 ., .. Var. (1. repfii<(Tn!ihicodii-i). GulfCa'.if., on Mar i/arif if era, ^lus. Cum, 
 " This .species is perliap.s a state of V. (Petalocoiichus) nutcrophray- 
 mn." [Morch : uon Cpr.jt 
 S45 ., \&r.lii. favosa (Thylacoduf). C?i\.\i., an Ontcibidum. Mus. Cum. 
 . , , , Var. y. coiitortidn { T/i;//acodui). Gulf of California. 
 ,, ., Forniii 1. 'rT/ti/lucttdus contortm, var. indent af a, Cpr. '•Corre- 
 
 sponds to forma \,tli'ctriint. of Vermetus cariaiis, IVOrb." 
 
 • . •• Var. 8. )'//f/<'w^<//« ( rM-wjc^M*), [Morch,non Cpr.]. Sonsouate, on <^;on- 
 
 dylus limbntus, live., iion Sby. Oersted. 
 346 . . Var. *. orrodens ( Vermttus). Is. Sibo (PQuibo), Spengler, on Ptii' 
 
 pura Uneata. 
 359 20. Vermdm (Yr Strehlnre^-as) anelhim, Morch. California, on Haliotis tuher- 
 adatu^, li\e. [Not a Californian JLdiotis. The diafj;nosi.s, howevt"*, 
 exactly accords with a Californian shell, which is perhaps the young of 
 S. sqiiaviiz/erifs. It has no resemblance to Slrebloceras, Cpr., P. Z. S, 
 1858, p. 440, wliich is a p^enuine Ciecid.] 
 860 21. Vermetus (Mucrophrai/nta) maen>phragina. Mazatlan, Szc.=iPelaloconchi.8 
 
 in., Cpr. Itealejo, Oersted. 
 362 24. Vermetus (Ah-tes) centiqitadrus, Val. Puntarenas, Oersted -\-V. effusus, 
 Val. (the ."^ame .specimen). 
 ,. ,. Var. u. miixima=\'. l\inamensis,C\iexi.^\.?).i.\. Panama, C. .B. -4rf. ; 
 Mazat'an. Melchers. 
 ,, Var. (i. Piinctis impressis destiluta,s=V. Peronii,\fi\.X 
 303 .. Var. y. siphonuta. Puntarenas, Oersted=V. Peronii, ..ouss. 
 
 Var. 8. tii'ipn. tiulf of California, on piece of black Pinna, Mus. Cum* 
 [The Pinna niijrina is from the E. !•]= V. ttdipa, Kuuss. 
 • . . . Var. €. liiidyesii. Panama, on Margaritifera, Mus. Cum. 
 
 The conclusion of the paper is in P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 54-83. 
 
 58 4. Bivoniu suHlis, Miirch. Central America, on Anomalocardia subimhrirata, 
 
 Mus. Cum. 
 ,. . . Var. at. 'miiijir. On Pinna, probably Central America, ^fu?. Dunker. 
 ,. ,. Var. /3. triquetra. Mazatlan, on valve oi Placuuunomia, Mus. Semper. 
 
 Like B. triquetra, " var. ti/pica." 
 70 8. Thyhtcodes crueiformis, Moi'ch. California, on Crueihdum ? umbrella, 
 
 Desh., var. Mus. Cum. Analogue of 7, T. Riisei, Miirch, from the 
 
 east coast. 
 , , , . Var. «. lumbriceUa. Voy. Ven. pi. 11. f. 2. California, crowded on 
 
 Maryaritifera. Mus. Cum. 
 
 • • •• Var. ji. eryfhosclera. Cal., on young Margaritifera. IMus. Cun\ 
 
 ^Vrv like Jiir. Quoyi, var. variegata. [This species is on shells iron 
 tiie Mexican, not the "Californian" fauua.l 
 76 16. Thylaeixles squnmiyera, CpT.,=^Aletessq.,Q'pv.,V.Z.^.\^^,^.22fj. Sta. 
 Biu'bara, Nutt. [Serpulurbis, not Aletes, teste Cooperl. 
 
 * Mr. Miirch has not seen any lamince inside, but, from the 3-5 spiral lirae on the 
 cohunella, believes tliey will be toimd. The opercula supposed to belong to this sipeci s 
 (Maz. Cat. p. 311) Mr. M. thinks more probably those of Spiroglyphus allidwi. lie 
 staies (erroneou: ly) that the shell was not opened by the describer. 
 
 t Miirch supposes that Bivonia contorta, Cpr., may be the adult of Petaloconclms 
 fnaerophrayma, and that both may be forms of Aletes ceniiquadrus. The nuclear por- 
 tions are, however, quite distinct, and the three shells appear, from beginning to end, as 
 far removed as any ordinary Vernietids can be from eaeh other. 
 
 X The writer doubts respectunj this species, and thinks tlie shell on whieh it is para- 
 sitical to be a Melo, and ujt UliQiiibus galea, simply bcuause uaiued after J^erou, wito 
 did not ribit this distnul. 
 
 43 
 
558 KtroKT— 18G3. 
 
 P»Ke. Sp. . . , ' 
 
 76 IG Var. a. ponnnfa.=i V. mnrgarifanim, Val. Vcn. pi. 11. f. 2. Cfic". Tnin.\ 
 Cal. MiK^. Cum. [AiKliated to the Calit'oniiaii .'•pci.lt.-s on >uj)[iii.-i- 
 titioiis evidence, and probably di-^tinot. Tlie.se appear to be fmin the 
 tropical fauna.] Analogue of the W. Indian T. iivciissnfits, (iiu 1. 
 
 79 21. ?Thiil(U(xIes oryznta, ^liirch. Probably W. Central America, from tii9 
 adhesions; but "China: " Mus. Cum. 
 
 • . . . Var. «. annulatu. Panama. Mus. Cum.* 
 
 In P.Z.S.1861,pp. 229-233, is pven a "Catalogue of a Collection of Trtres- 
 trial and Fluviatile Molluscs, made by 0. Salvin. Esq., M.A.. in Guatemala; 
 oy the Ilev. H. B. Tristram." But few of the 49 species occur in Mexican 
 collections ; none are identical with W. Indian species, except such as 
 are of universal occurrence in tropical America ; and the IG new species 
 show close gt leric affinities with the shells of the northern regions of S. 
 America. The shells ha^ icen identified from the Cumingian celiectioii. 
 The new species are descnuod, and some of them figured. 
 
 Page. No. PL Fig; 
 
 230 1 . . . . Helix Ghiesbrerjhti, Nyst. The largest Helve in the New World. 
 
 2 . . . . Hiix eximia, Pfr. 
 
 . . 3 . . . . Helix La/liana, Pfr., var. 
 
 . . 4 . . . . Helix euniomphala, Pfr. Closely allied to the S. American 
 
 H. Icixata. 
 
 . . 5 . . . . Helix coactiliata, F<?r. 
 
 , . G . . . . liuUmtm Pazianm, D'Orb. 
 
 , . 7 . . . . Uulimus Morirandi. Pfr. 
 
 , . 8 . . . . Ihiliniua Houdiiratiantis, Pfr. 
 
 9 . . . . Ihi/i»)us Di/«)ni, Pfr. 
 
 10 2G 8. IJ II limns semipeUucidtts, n. s. Allied to B. discrepans, Sby. 
 
 , . 11 . . . . Succinea ?piUris, Ln. 
 
 ,. 12 .. .. Ghindina Ghieshreghti,Vh. 
 
 , , 1.3 . . . . Glandiiia Carminensis, Morelet. Described from Costa Rica. 
 
 . . 14 . . . . Ach(dina, sp. ind. 
 
 ., l.'j ., .. AcMtina ocfona,'iATa.. 
 
 16 . . . . Snnixis lAittni, Pfr. 
 
 17 .. .. Sinraxis Shi'lflewoiihii, Vft. 
 2-51 18 . . . . Sinraxis Cobanensis, n. s. 
 
 10 . . . . Spiraxis, sp. ind. 
 
 20 . . . . Leptinaria Emmclina, n. a. 
 
 . . 21 . , . . Lejitinaria Elisa; n. s. 
 
 . . 22 . . . . Ci/lindrella Ghieshreghti, Pfr 
 
 . . 2.'{ . . . . Ci/lindrella S(dpinx, n. s. 
 
 , . 24 . . . . Plii/sa Sotcerhyana , D'Orb. 
 
 . . 2.') . . . . I'hysa purpiirostoma, n. s. Lake of Duenas. 
 
 2(j . . . . Pliiiwrbis corpuhtdus, Say. 
 
 2.]2 27 .. .. iY«;(o;-6M^«w»W(M, Pfr. 'rComp. P. <H;n«w, Maz. Cat. 2.38.] 
 
 28 . . . . Planorbis Wyhli, n. sp. Lake of Duenas. 
 
 29 . . . . Planorbis Duenasianus, n. s. Lake of Duenas. 
 . . 30 . , . . Planorbis, sp. nov., in Mus. Cum. 
 
 .. 31 ., .. Seyrnentina Donbilli, n. a. Lake of Duenas. 
 
 .. 32 .. .. Melampm fasciatiui, Chem. Salt-marshes on coast. 
 
 , . 33 . . . . AdamsieUa Osberti, n. s. 
 
 • The present posture of binomial nomenclature is well illustrated in this most rlabo* 
 rnte paper, which few naturalists have professed to understand. The shell of which th« 
 0])iM-culura-spine is figured in plate 25. f. 16, is quoted as " Siphonium (Sloa) tt(bcre' 
 natum, V. spinosa." The shell described in Maz. Cat. p. 307 is quoted as " fermetun 
 {Thylacodus) contortus, var. y. contortula (Thyhi odus), forma 1, Thylocodu* (?) com 
 tortus, var. indentata, Cpr." Perhaps the sentences of Klein and the early writers are 
 more easy to undert,*und and remember. Xbe Chduiiida of Middcjidorll' (v. i'irst llcport, 
 p. 214) are iimple in couiparisou* 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF XORTH AMERICA. 559 
 
 Page. No. PI. Fjg. 
 
 34 . . . . Cisfula trnchlearu. Pfr. 
 
 , . 3P . , , . Chtmdriipiimd riihiooi'Iinn, Morelet. 
 
 3o .. .. J'/''//rt/'»Jrt.«!^o;Hrt,si«iM/rtrrMm,Morelet. DescribedfromCostaRica. 
 
 37 .. .. C'l/c/uphorus po>u/ero.sHs, V(r. 
 
 38 . . . . Ci/cloj)horus transJncidun, Sby. 
 2^33 39 26 11. Mncrocefumus polt/streptus, n. 3. 
 
 40 20 9, 10. Helicina Sulrini, n. s. Like H. turhinata, Wiegm. Mexico. 
 , . 41 . . . . JJfh'ciiia amaena, Pfr. 
 
 42 . . . . HelicDia Oireinana, Pfr. 
 . , 4-'J . . . . Hfiicina merdiffera, Salle. Described from Nicaragua. 
 , . 44 , . . . Hfiicina Lindeni, Pfr. 
 
 45 . . . . Helicina chn/seis, n. 8. Mountain forests of Vera Paz. 
 ,.46,47,48. . .. Paludinella, 3 species apparently undescribed. 
 . . 49 . . . . Fachycheiliis corvinus, Morelet. Lai'ger than in previously 
 noted habitats. 
 
 The vol. for 1863 contains Dr. Baird's descriptions of now species from 
 the Vancouver collections of Lord and Lyall, which will be tabulated, injrii, 
 par. 103 ; and the Review of Prof. Adams's Panama shells, which has already 
 been quoted. 
 
 60. Sowerhy, ' Conchological Jlltistratiom,' 1841. — The following are addi- 
 tional localities or synonyms : — 
 
 Ko. Fig. 
 
 2 46. Cardittm Indictim [is exotic ; closely allied to C. cosiattiml. 
 
 56 18. Cardium niaculattim, Sby. Cal., &c. = C. maculosum, Sby. (preoc ). 
 
 90 .. Murex imperiaiis, Sw&ms. Cal. =3/. ;}o»jw?«, var. Gmel. [Peiliaps dis- 
 
 tinct ; may be the W. I. analogue of bicolor.] 
 
 91 38. Murex erythrostoma, Swains. Acapulco. \y = bicolor, var.] 
 
 45 102. Cypraa albxiginosa, Gray. Mexico, Ceylon. [The Ceylon shell is pro- 
 bably /JornnVi, sp. 44.] 
 1 45. Erato scabriasnda,GT&\. Acapulco. =Marfftnella cyprfpola, Shy. 
 
 62 40. Fissurella Liucolni, Gray, MS. [An extremely tine specimen i supposed 
 " unique ") of Gli/phis aspera, Escb. Mr. Lincoln is also quoted for 
 the " finest of the four known specimens " of Lucapiua cretudata, sp. 19, 
 f. 31,38: "Monterey."] 
 
 54 [Erase this line in the former Report, and substitute as follows : — ] 
 
 55 Bulimm unifasciatus, Sby. Galapagos. 
 
 * Thesaurus Conch ifliorum,' G. B. Sowerby, &c. To the list in Rep. pp. 
 288, 289, may be added :— 
 
 Page. PI. Fig. 
 61 12 23. Pecten circularis, Sby. Cal., St. Vincents. [The name may 
 
 stand for the W. Indian shell, the Califomian being P. len- 
 
 tricostis, ^ua.] 
 r>7 12 20,21. Pecteti laiiatiritm, Conr. Cal. +" P. viesotimo-is, Conr." 
 261 59 144. Tcllifia sincera, llenA. N.W. Coast America. [ = Panama."] 
 769 165 36-38. Vencrupiscylindracea, Dtsh. CaI., = Pcfricoia Califuniiea,Co'^r,f 
 
 + P. arcuata, Uesh., + P. sulylubosa, Sbv. 
 865 179 bQ-77. Cerithiumocellatmn,\\ru^. (Ju'.f Cal, &c. =C. irroratmn[C. 
 
 B. Ad. (Gld. MS.) ; non] Gld. E. E.,= C. interrujdum [C. B. 
 
 Ad. : non Mke, nee] Gld. 
 
 Bp. Fig. 
 
 47 43,44. Conus* interruptm, Mawe, Wood. [Slender, coronated sp.] non 
 Br. and Sby. Hab. ?— 
 
 * Mr. Sowerby remarks, " As the collector's great object is to know the shells, I have 
 preferred, in most cases, giving the species as they stand, stating the alleged differences, 
 and leaving the final decision to individual taste." He further state?, with regard to some 
 groups, that "the characters of the shells are very imcertain, and the intentions of the 
 authors still moi-e so." The names, references, and locahties are given on lists to face the 
 plates, and the diagnoses separately, with a copious index. An attempt also u itiade to 
 
 45 
 
SCO EEPORT — 18C3. 
 
 8p. Fig. 
 
 G4 80. Conns (I'arahts, Brod. Galapaeos. 
 
 79 128,129. Conm punrtirnlntus, Jirug. .Salango, St. Elena, W. Col., Ct<»<rt9« 
 • « 130. Conns puncticulatus, \M..=p<ipill(>sus,\\.i^n. 
 
 .. 301. Conus puncticulattis. [Mazatlan.] 
 
 .. 392. Conus puncdculatus, yaT.,=piistn/'jncs, "Kien. :?+3finerifianus, T.atn. 
 
 h33 190. Coniis riryatns, I{\e.,=zebra, Sbj\, non Lam. [Resembles nyularU 
 
 var.] Salango, W. Col., Cuming. 
 , . Conus virgntus, \».r.,=Lorenziamis, Rve., non Chem. 
 193. Coiitis firgatus,\&T.,= Cumtngii. 
 106 192. Conus scalark, Val., =gra(fatus, Rve. Salango, W. Col., Cuming. 
 
 127 194. Cowws incMri'Ms, Brod. [Resembles specimens from La Paz. j Mouta 
 
 Christi, W. Col., Cuming. 
 180 285, 402. Conns Ximenes, Gray, = intemtptus, Brod., non Mawe. [Like puncti- 
 
 culutus, var.] Mazatlan, W. Columbia, Cuming. 
 157 324. Conus perplexus, Shy. Gulf Cal., W. Col., t'KWiiw^r. 
 
 84 384. Conns arcuatns, Br. and Shy. Mazatlan, I'acitic [?]. 
 
 15 26-28. Fissurella Mexicana, Sbv. Real Llejos, Mexico. | rT> ^i. i v^- 
 78. FissureUa Mexicana, Sbv. Porto Praya. } L^"^^ localities 
 
 are probably incorrect ; it belongs to the Chilian fauna.] 
 
 41 46, 47. FissureUa rtigosa, Sby. W. Indies [ = W. Mexico]. 
 S-2 88, 89. Fissurella alba, Cpr. ' [Gulf ofl California. 
 
 65 64, 65. Fissurella nigrocincta, Cpr. [Gulf of] California. 
 
 66 67. J'/ssM/r/Za /cweftrosff, Sbv., jun. [PGulf of] California. Like the last. 
 54 80. FissureUa obscura, Sbv. 'Real Llejos, Cum. [" Gal." in P.Z.S. l8.!4.] 
 68 154-156. Fissurella excelsa, Rve., + F. alta, C. B. Ad. 
 
 8tJ 123. Fissurella Panamensit, Sbv. " In Conch. 111., this very distinci' 
 
 shell is united to that since named F. excelsa, Rve." 
 115 187-189. FissureUa cancellata, Soland. St. Vincent's, Honduras Bay, Guada- 
 loup, California. [No authority for the latter.] 
 
 7 12,13. Ha)-pa Hivoliana, hesB., = II. crenata,Sv;a,m9. Acapulco. 
 1860. 
 
 2 57. Dentalium pretiosmn, Nutt. " =striolatnm, Stn. Massachusetts. 
 
 Less curved and tapering near apex than D. enfale, more cylin- 
 drical throughout, but a doubtful species." [The type-speci- 
 mens are not striated.] Califoniia. 
 43 10. Dentalium hexagonum, iWA. N. America: China, Singapore. 
 
 42 34. Dentaliu7n pseudosexagonum, Desh. Masbate, Philippines : W« 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 8 41. Dentalium. splendidum, Sby. Xipi W. Col. 
 
 29 32. Dentalium liratum, C^Y. '" Ma'g.iti. ' [Maz. Cat. 244] 
 
 48 31. Dentalintn quadrangulare, Sby. Xipixapi, \V. Col. [Like tetra- 
 
 gonum, but striated, and much smaller.J 
 
 49 21, 22. Dentalium tetragomim, Sby. W. Col. [Young shell square, adult 
 
 round ] 
 
 In the very elaborate monograph of the Nucididie, by S. Hanlcy, Esq., tha 
 following species, quoted as from the W. Coast, are minutely described : — 
 
 2 33. Leda SoicerUana, D'Orb. Xipixapi. 
 
 = N. elongata, Val. 
 
 =N. laneeolata, G. Sbv., non J. Sby., nee Lam. 
 7 85. Zeda Taylori, Hani., = A''. Imiceolata, Lam., non G. nee J. Sby. 
 
 Guatemala. (P. Z. S. 1800, p. 370.) 
 29 70-72. Leda Elenensis, Sby. Panama. 
 33 90. Leda eburnea,Shy.,=lyrata,\\diS. Panama: Bay of Caraccas. 
 
 classify the forms according to their natural afTinities. It is rarely tliat monographers 
 ind artists take such laudable pains to supply the wants of students. In the monograph 
 of Oaleomma and Scintilla, however, the locality-marks have not been observed to a 
 single species, except the " British O. Turtoni " and its " Philippine analogue, O. macro' 
 tcliiima, Desh." This is the more remarkable, as most of the species we- lescribed by 
 Desh., with localities, in P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 167-181. 
 
 46 
 
ON* MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5G1 
 
 In the ' Malacological and Conchological Magazine,' hy G. B. Sf>wf>rV>y, 
 London, 1S38, is a monograph of Leach's genus Mdnjnritti. The fdlowiug 
 probably belong to the N. W. Coast, and are figured iu the Conch. 111. : — 
 
 i?"). Margarita striata, Brod. and Sby. Boreid Ocean. 
 
 i!l). Marr/arita undulata, Sby. Arctic Ocean. 
 
 2'>. Mitnjarita costelMa, Sby. [Non Brit. Mu«. Cn\. = M. pupilla, Old.; differs in 
 
 liaving; the interspaces of the spiral ribs decussated. Arctic Oceau. J 
 2(1. Maryarita acuminata, Sby. Arctic Ocean. 
 iJO. Aphrodite columba, Lea, = Cardium Granlandicum. 
 
 Several West Coast species were named and figured in the elder Sovrerby's 
 'Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,' London, 1820-1824 ; a work of singular 
 merit for its time, but left unfinished*. The stock was j^nrchased by a dealer. 
 With a view to completion ; but newer works have occupied its place, and 
 the valuable plates and text remain useless in his hands. As no dates appear 
 ill the bound copy of the work, it cannot be stated whether the species here 
 named bj- Mr. Sowerby had been before published. The loss of the original 
 work has been in some respects supplied by the completion of the extremely 
 similar ' Conchologia Systematica,' by L. lleevc, vol. i. 1S41, vol. ii. 1842. 
 It might almost be considered a second edition of the ' Genera,' of which 
 some of the plates occur in the quarto form. References are here given to 
 the species reproduced from Sowerby's unfinished work, which is often quctcd 
 by Mr. Reeve according to the " Numbers " in which it appeared : — 
 
 Bve. I Sby. 
 
 Fig. ' Fig. Sowerby's Genera. 
 
 2. I 2. Cumiiif/ia trigomdaris. 
 
 3. 3. Cumingia lanwllosa. 
 
 4. : 4. Cumingia cnardata. 
 
 L I 1. Tellina opercu1uri'i\'^-T.omrr^ihta,Gm(A.,= T. ruf('xcens,Cheva,,-''V,,\-&.\ 
 
 1. I \. Luciua punctata \lAmi.,^^=TjeTiiilaria p., ^dinm.''' li\ti.C.^.']. 
 
 2. i 2,5. V mis suhrugosa, 
 
 5. I 7. Vt v.s' gnidia. 
 
 2. I 2. Cgt/wrea planulata. 
 3. Cgtherea aurantiacn. 
 
 4 [non 3]. Lithodomus caudigerta [LAm,,=aristatus, Dillw.]. 
 3. [.\ppears to represent attcmiaius, Dt'sh.l 
 6. Modiola semifusca [inside view ; exactly accords with Braziliensis, Maz, 
 
 Cat., but is not Lamarck's species, teste Ilanl.]. 
 2. Lima squainosa [Lam.]. 
 
 2. Ostrea Virginica [Lam.]. 
 1. Placunannmin Cumingii. "Brought by Mr. Henry Cuming from the 
 
 Gulf of Dulce, in Costa Rico." 
 
 1. Lottia gigantea, Gray. Genus named in Phil. Tmns. = Pafclloidcs, Quoy 
 and Gaim. ? South America. [The U. S. E. E. specimens were la- 
 belled " Valparaiso.'' It comes to us from many parts of the world, 
 but is only known to live in Middle and Lower California. = TvcturtUa 
 grandis, Cpr., B. A. Re^). 1861, p. 137. 
 
 3. Siphonaria Trisfen.sii. [The figure is singularly like the Vancouver 
 species, S. thersites.'] 
 
 2. Cnpidula omji. 
 
 4. Crcpidula acuknta : "=P. auricula, Gmel." 
 
 3. Calgptrcea ? extinctorium. [Sby., non Lam. Tlie non-pitted form of 
 imhricata.'\ 
 
 I 4. Cahjptrcca gpinosa, 
 
 • The laet Part (no. 34) appeared " March 31, 1831," many years after the prcTioui 
 issues ; teste Uanl. 
 
 1803. Am 
 
 a 
 4. 
 
562 REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 Bve. 
 
 4. 
 
 4. 
 5. 
 9. 
 1. 
 
 1. 
 
 T. 
 
 c. 
 n.« 
 
 4. 
 
 Kig. Bowi-rby's Oenera. 
 
 5. Cuhfittrmi imhrivata. [The pitted fonn. Appears in C. S., f. 1, us ••'* C, 
 
 nifjma, Less."] 
 7. Citlyptrcfa ?8pinosa, var. [The flat, smooth form of itpinosa. Appears in 
 
 C'. S., tiff. 4, as " C. cinrrea, live., T. Z. S. l84:J,"' p. 50. On a log of 
 
 •wood floatinjj oil" Cape Horn.] 
 2. Bulla viresccns. 
 
 1. Nerita ornata [=scabrirosta, Lam.]. 
 
 2, 3. Litnrina pulchra,=: Turbo p., .'^waing. 
 
 4. Litorina I'un'a. Panama. 
 
 5. Verithium vnricosinn. 
 
 9. Verithium I'aci/icuin. [Clof^ely resembles Pofnmi.i ebeninffs."] 
 
 1. Fasciolaria aurantiaca [with operc. (non \^am.) = F. priiicipx.\jKm.,VvXc.\ 
 
 6. Murex phyllopterm and operc. rAppeais= C'wo«<o«<a Joliatutn. The 
 
 operc. seems to have been rubbea outside.] 
 
 1. Columhella strombiformix. Lam. 
 
 2. Columbella labiosa. " California" [t. c, Panani.i. &c.l. 
 
 1. Purpura pafula [Linn. "= Pirdlcea nodosa, I'etiver, = Ci,'Vibium tuberosum 
 
 pafulum, Martini." live. C. S.]. 
 6. Puipuru plauospirata. 
 9. Pupura callosa [=Cuma tectum^. 
 
 3. Mitnoceros luyubre \_-=c}jnHitmn, Tank. Cat.]. 
 
 4. 3Ionoceros ciiit/ulafum [Lam.: Leucozonia^. 
 
 1. Trichotropi.1 bicarinata, and [Na>soid] operculum 
 
 y 
 
 •] 
 
 1. Olioa porphyria [Linn., "= Ci/linder porphi/reticus, D'Arg.,= Castra Tur- 
 cica. Martini.' live. C. S.]. 
 
 5. Cyprcea pustulata [Lam.]. 
 
 The following additional West Coast species, figured in the 'Conch. Sjst.,' 
 mny be quoted for their synon^'my. The authoiilies for all the species are 
 given, but no localities : — 
 
 ?\ Fis. 
 
 2<» 1. Solfcurtm Dombeyt, Lam. [appears intermediate between S. Dombeyi, 
 Mus. Cum., and S. (t»ihit/iais, Lani.l. 
 
 £23 7. Twrfco S9?/rtw»>r, live. !».■ Z. 8. I84i'^ p. 180 [whhout locality. 'Gab.- 
 pagos, i'uminy,' in Conch. Ic. Also Acapuico, Jcwrff, Sec.]. 
 
 270 2. TurbinvUus ocuminatus, Wood, Kien. [closely re-senibles Latirus caatamus]. 
 
 iiui 3. liuccinum eleyans, live., P. Z. S. l^*42, from Hinds's Col. [is the southtrn, 
 highlv developed form of /i. /(mwi^mwj, Gld. The name is preocciipii d 
 by a ^fouraiue fossil, li. eltyans, Duj., in Desh. An. s. Vert. x. p. 219, 
 no. 22. As live.'s species is a Aw w?, and there is another Ihn: eJcijav.; 
 Kien., Coq. Viv. p. oO, pi. 24. f. Q~,= Nassa e., live. Conch. Ic, i; will 
 save confusion to allow Gld.'s later name to stand]. 
 
 CC*? 5,0. Burcinum serratum, Dufr., = A'i3Si'a NorthicB, Gray \_ = Northia pristis, 
 Desh.]. 
 
 62. Reeve, ' Concholorjia Iconicn.' — The following corrections should be 
 irade in the abstract, Rep. pp. 289-293. 
 
 20. \_Semele flavieans should be flavescens, et passim.l 
 
 33. Siphonaria amara [is a Sandwich Is. species, quite distinct from C. lecamuin]. 
 
 38. Patella clypeastcr Tis a S. American species, having no connexion with A, 
 
 patina, or with Monterey]. 
 60. Patella cinis [ = vl. pelta, not patina, var.]. 
 
 07. Patella vespertina. [P. stipulafa, sp. 117, is probably a var. of this species.] 
 C9 Patella toreuma ["var." in Mus. Cum., "Mazatlan,'^ probably =/jic,scc;(.s'. No 
 
 shell of this (N. Zealand^ type haa been found on the coast by any of the 
 
 American collectors]. 
 
 * Sowerby's (corr'-'^t') name appears on Eeeve's plate j but in the text of C. S., f. 9 is 
 CallcU "a species ot Tuiliiielliu iuseiU'd iiiadrertentiy." 
 
 48 
 
ox MOLLirSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMEUICA. ijGj 
 
 81. PiiMla Xutfalliana. [Mus. Cum., =-4. ^e/<a, typical. The figure looks more 
 
 like patina.l 
 l40. Patella mamiilata, Nutt. [non Esch., ia an elevated, stunted form of the black 
 ? var. of scabra, Nutt. The name being preoccupied, this distiuct form majr 
 stand as limatula], 
 
 64. Fissurella dimichithrata [is distinct from G. aspera. Sta. Barbara, Jeicetf\. 
 
 57. Turbo man/hmtus [Rve., no"'' "Nutt." [is a PaciHc species, quoted by Messrs. 
 Adams as the Cullonia ni inata of Gray ; but that is a Grlpnon fo.-i.sil, olim 
 Delphiiiula (testa type ii it. Mus.). The Nuttallian slieil, published in 
 Jay's Cat., was described i . A. Ad. a-i Chlorostoma funebrale=L'hl. mastum, 
 auct. (non Jonas, the true T. mcestus being S. American, tcs.e A. Ad. ami 
 Mus. Cum.)]. 
 . 89. Cyprcea onyx [is the E. Indian, C. spadicea the similar S. Diegan species]. 
 
 The following species, either quoted from the W. Coast, or known to in- 
 habit it, or connected with it by synonymy, have been observed in Kceve's 
 'Conch. Ic' since the date of the last Report. The number of the .species also 
 refers to the figure. For the remarks eiicl>sed in [ ] the writer of this Re- 
 port, here as elsewhere, is alone resiicnsibie. 
 
 50. Fumx turbineUoidex, Rve., Jan. 1848. ?.\frica, Mus. Cum. \^ = Siphotuilia 
 pallida, Br. and Sby. ; spines somewhat angulnr]. 
 
 02. Ftisu^ canceUatus, Lam. " Unalaska, Kanitschatkn, Mus. Cum." [Doubtless 
 the origin of the prevalent locality-error]. 
 
 '/o. Fuiim Xovce-Holhtiulia, Rve., Jan."l84.S. "S.YIqX., Metcalfe. [As Mr. Met- 
 calfe gave numerous West Coast shells to Brit. Mus. und t locality " N.H.," 
 this shell also was probably from W. Mexico, = /•'. Dunetifhaitarfiii, Kien.] 
 
 91. Fii.im Gunneri, \jO\. , {Tritoniiim),lnA. Suec. p. 12. Greenland. \^=Tro' 
 phon midticostattf^, Esch. The tig. should be 90, b ; f. 01 = l{ninffiuj<.] 
 
 52. Cardium pseudofomle, Rve. " P. Z. S. 1844." Hab. ?— [Not found in 
 P. Z. S.,= C. Californiense, Desh., 18."}0, non C. Calif ornianum, Conr., 
 1837. This is the Eastern form; the Ca!ifornian ?var.= C. blundnm^Gldk.'] 
 
 67. Buccinum modificatuin, live., Dec. 184o. Hub. ? — [Agrees sufficiently we!l 
 with worn specimens from La Paz, Mus. Smiths., = <Si/>Ao««/f«, closely 
 allied to pallida.'] 
 
 62. Buccinum dinitn, Rve., Dec. 1846. Hab. ? — Mm. Cum. [Worn specimen 
 
 of Chrysodomus Sitchenti^, Midd., 1849,= P. incims, (rid.. May 1849.] 
 110. Buccinum cornigatum, Rve., Feb. 1847. Hab. ? — [" Inmcnna," Cuming, 
 MS. " Pisania,'' H. Adams. Vancouver, most abundant.] 
 2. Sanguindaria oralis, Rve., March 18o7. Cent. Am. [? = iS'. mimnta, jim. 
 3. S. tellinoides, A. Ad., is the same, adole.scent; 5. S. purpurea. Desh., adult.] 
 4. Psammobia maxima, ]3esh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 317. Panama. [Closely resem- 
 bling Ps. rubroradiuta, Nutt. Puget Sound.] 
 
 19. Mytilus palliopunctatus, Dkr. Cal. and Mazatlan. [No authority for Cal.] 
 
 41. Mytilus bifurcatus. Conr., J.A.N. S. Phil. Hab. '^ [Conr. assigns his Nuttallian 
 species to Califoruia ; but it is the common bandw. Is. species, teste Pse. 
 The Califomian shell, with the same sculpture, is a &ptifer, and is the 
 S. bifurcatus of Mus. Cum.] 
 
 44. Mytilus Sallei (Dreissina), Reel. Central America. [? On which slope.] 
 
 52. Mytilus Cumingiamis, Reel. Panama. \_Se}rtifer.'\ 
 
 60. Mytilus glonuratus, GId. Hab. ? — * [Gould's species is from California, but 
 the name is attiiched to a very diifeient shell in Mus. Cum.] 
 
 * Several species occur in the recent monographs without locality, which are well 
 linown to inhabit the W. Coast. This is partly due to the writer not thinking it neces- 
 sary to refer to published books for information, and partly to the changes which have of 
 late years been made in the principal authority, viz. the Cumingian collection. By the 
 redistribution of species into the modern genera, the student is greatly aided in his search 
 for special forms ; but, for the sake of uniformity, the autograph labels of collectors or 
 tlescribers of species are generally rejected, the names being either in tlie handwriting of 
 the clerk or from the printed index in the monograph, and representing only the judg- 
 uient of the latest v^orker, wluch may or may not be correct, isynunyuis, whether real 
 
 4 49 * . 
 
0^4 REPUKT — 18C3. 
 
 r. 
 
 11. Modiola capax, Conr. Galapagos, Cuming. [Lower] California, NuffaV. 
 
 MazatliUi, Carpenier. [^lieiytn is the authority fur the shells described 
 
 in the Maz. Cat., not Cpr.] 
 17. Modiohi BrazilienKis, Chem. " Brazil." [At f. 31, which appears the true 
 
 Brazilian sh-ll, we are informed that this specimen is a " variety troa 
 
 Guayaquil."] 
 .. Modiola nUenx, "Cpr. Cat. Reifren Col. Brit. Mus. California." [The .'•hell 
 
 was erroneously de.<»cribed as from " California " in P. Z. 8., and does not 
 
 Spear in the Keip^en Mazatlan Cat. : = •!/. subjmrpunus, Mus. Cum.J 
 >mus cinnamominus, Chem. Philippine Is. and St. Thomas, W. I. \_ = L. 
 cintuimomeus, Maz. Cat. 177. Probably an AdiiJa.'] 
 
 8. Lithodomm Cumingianus, Ukr., MS. " North Australia and Mazatlan." [The 
 
 species is Jiytired from the Mazatlan specimen, which may probably be 
 the adult form of L. calycidutus, Cpr.* The cup is not distinct, but ' 
 shows a tendency to the peculiar formal ion described in Maz. Cat. no. 174. 
 Rve.'s diaj^nosis, however, appears written from Dkr.'s Australian fipeci- 
 mens, so labelled in Mus. Cum. — a very distinct species, without incrus- 
 tations. The name wa« riven bv Mr. Cuming to a large Chilian species 
 brought by the U. S. Expl. E.\n. j 
 13. Lithodomm Gruneri, Phil. MS. in Mus. Cum. "N. Zealand." [The species 
 =i L. falcatus, Gld., and is certainly from California, where ii is found in 
 the rocks with Pholadidea petiUaA 
 
 13. Lithodomvs teres, Phil. "Mazatlan. [The specimens in Mus. Cum. are 
 
 labelled " Cagayan, PhU."] 
 
 14. Lith()doinuscoarctata,\ykr. Galapa<ros, Cwwi'x.^. [=0"«'h*'//« c.,Maz. Cat. 172.] 
 IG. Lithodomus caudigerus, Lam. " West Indies " [without authority]. " Tiie 
 
 calcareous incrustation produced beyond the ant. extremity is no specific 
 characteristic." [^Vide reasons for contrary opinion, Maz. Cat. no. 170: 
 = L. aristatiis. Dr. Stimpson has seen Lithophagus arranging its peculiar 
 incrustation with its foot.] 
 
 24. Lithodomus pessulatm, Rve. (Oct. 1857). Hab. ? — [The unique sp. figured is 
 labelled " Mazatlan " in Mus. Cum. It resembles plumulu, with ventral 
 transverse rugae.] 
 
 26. Lithodomus sttbula, Rve. Hab. ? — [=L. plumuJa, var.J 
 
 6. Avicula Cumingii, Rve., March 1857. " Ld. Hood's Is., Pacific Ocean, 
 
 attached to rocks, 10 fms., Cuming." \j=Maryaritipho)a Jimbriata, 
 Dkr., var.] 
 
 9. Avicida barbata, Rve. Panama, under stones at low water, Cuming. [=3/. 
 
 Jimbriata, J)\iT.,=: 3L Mazatlanica, Hani.] " DiHers from Ctimimjii iu 
 regular sequence of scales, developed only at margin, and yellowish tone 
 of colour." 
 67. Avicula heteroptera, Lam. N. Holland. " =:A. sterna, Gld." [Gould's species 
 is from Gulf Cal. ; but in Mus. Cum. it is marked inside " semisugitfn. '] 
 4. PlacH iHinotnia foliata, Brod. Is. Muerte, Bay Guayaquil. " May = ec/«'«a<a, 
 AV. I., but has very much larger orifice." 
 
 7. Flucuiianomia niacroschisnta, Desh. " Onalaska, Cuming" [who never was 
 
 there]. Kamtschatka, Desh, [Vancouver district, abundant.] 
 7. thracia pUcata, Desh. " Mr. Cuming has specimens from California and St. 
 Thomas, W. I." [Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.] 
 Melimia. [Various species are described from " Central America," &c., which 
 
 or supposed, are rejected altogether. Thus shells sent to Mr. Cuming, with authentic 
 name and locality attached, may appear soon after ■without any, or ^vifh erroneous, 
 quotation. The error is rendered graver by appearing with the weighty authority of 
 " Mus. Cum." 
 
 * The specie? dejcribed in the Brit. Mus. Cat. seldom appear in the monographs, 
 unless there happen to be a specimen in Mu.s. Cum. Some of the monographers often 
 content themselves with figuring the shells that come most easily to hand ; and do not 
 eeem to consider it a part of their work to pas? juds^nient on previously described 
 Bpeoies, or to concern themselves tilth, what are imall or difCcult. 
 
 50 
 
ON MOLLtJSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5Gj 
 
 may or may not belong to the Pacific slope. They .ahonld be studied 
 
 in connexion with U. S. forms, but are not liere tabulated. 1 
 60. Melania Buschiana, live. "California." [No authority. Very like the 
 
 young of M. scipio, Gld.] 
 S67. Melania nigrina, Lea, MS. in Mus. Cum. " Shaofa, California." 
 68. Cnncellaria funicvlata, Hd9.,= C. lyrata. Ad. and Kve. (Julf Mafrdalena. 
 60. Litorina irrorata, Say. "Sitcha." [The "Sitcha" shell ia L. mwlesta, Phil. 
 
 Say's species is the well-known form from the Gulf of Mexico.] 
 
 5. Terebra strigata, Shy. , + efon(;a(ii,Wood.,=flammea, I>e.s9.,=:<7jrfl, Kien. "Pa- 
 
 nama, Galapagos, and Philippines, Cuming; Moluccas, &c." [Painting 
 in stripes.] 
 
 10. Terebra robttsta, Hds. Panama, &c. [ = T. Loroisi, Guer., teste Rve. P. Z. S. 
 18C0, p. 450. Painting splashed. J 
 
 12. Terebra rariegata, Gray. " Mouth of the Gambia, Senegal, Mazatlan. Co- 
 lumbia. It is well known to those who have studied the geu^^iapliical 
 distribution of animal life, that the fauna of the West African seas, 
 north of Sierra Leone, is in part identical with the fauna of the seas of 
 California and the W. Indies ; and geologists, among whom was the late 
 Prof. E. Forbes, have laboured, not unsuccessfully, to account for this 
 phenomenon." [ Vide Maz. Cat. p. 157, B. A. Rep. p. 305. In the pre- 
 sent instance, however, there will be more than one opinion as to the 
 identity of the species here quoted.] + T. africana, Gray, + T. Hupci, Lorois, 
 -f- T. intertincta, Hds.,+ T. marginata, Desh., + T. albocincta, Cpr., + T. 
 llindm, Cpr.,-1- T. subnodosa, Cpr. 
 
 72. Terebra armillata, Hds. " Panama, Galapagos. Somewhat doubtful whether 
 this is not a var. of T. variegata." [If the others are, probably this is. 
 Those species of Hinds, which Mr. Keeve has not altered, are not here 
 repeated.] 
 
 82. Terebra dislocata [as CeritJiiuni], Say. " Southern U. S. and California." [No 
 authority given for Cal.] 
 
 84. Terebra rtidis, Gray, " = M. rufocinerca, Cpr. S. Carolina, Jay. Somewhat 
 
 doubtful whether this is not a var. of dislocata." [The T. rufocinerva is 
 one of the difficult Mazatlan shells, and should share the fate of T. Hindsii 
 and T. subnodosa.'] 
 
 85. Terebra cinerea, Bom. " W. Africa, Hennah ; Japan, Hds. ; Philippines, 
 
 Cuming; W. I., C. B. Adams; Mazatlan, Cpr." [i. e. Beigen. The same 
 remarks apply to this group as to rariegata, &c.]+ T. castanea, Kien., non 
 Hds.,+ T. laurina, Hds.,+ T. /Mc<Mosa,Hds.,+ T. stylata, Hds.,+ 1\ Jamai- 
 censis, C. B. Ad. 
 40. Teiebra aspera, Hds.,+ 7*. Petiveriana, Desh. Panama, S. A., Cumittg, Bridges* 
 
 2. Caiyptreea torttlis, Rve. Galapagos, Cuming. 
 
 8. Calyptrcpa alveolata, A. Ad., MS. Galapagos, Cuming. 
 
 4. Crepidula excavata, Brod. Chilif?], Cuming. 
 
 6. Crepidula nautiloides* , Less., MS. in Mus. Cum. "New York." [=Ci 
 
 dilatata.'] 
 8. Crepidula marginalis, Brod. Panama, Cuming. [V. Maz. Cat. p. 202, note.] 
 
 10. Crepidula rugosa, Nutt. Upper Cal. [An accidentally ribbed specimen, 
 
 figured from Mus. Taylor.j 
 
 11. Crepidula Jimbriata, Rve. (June 1860). Vancouver's Straits. [This is to 
 
 navicelloides, Nutt., no. 97, as Lessonii is to squama ; simply an accidentally 
 frilled var. ] 
 
 12. Crepidula adnnca, Sby. [Not] Panama. =C. solida,Y{Aa.,=:rostinformis, 
 
 Gld. [This is the northern species from Vancouver and Cal., and is not] 
 =uncata, Mke. 
 
 13. Crepidula arenata, Brod. St. Elena (not Helena, Desh.), Cuming. 
 
 22. Crepidula aadeata, Gmel. Lobos le., Peru, Cvming; Califoniia, iVi/?^., Cpr, 
 [t. e. Mazatlan, Beigen] ; Honduras, Dyson ; Sandw. Is., Austr., Kur- 
 
 • Several S. American forms are here quoted for the synonymy ; because in Calyptraidm 
 the speeies often have a wide range, and should be studied in conneiion with, tlieir 
 neighbours. 
 
566 REPORT— 1803. 
 
 raohee, mouth of Indus. + C hystryz, Brod.,4- C. wAj/jms, Bn id ,+ C. CaU- 
 /(iriitca, Xiitt. 
 24 Crrpiilit/ti rostrata, C.B. Ad. Panama. [=C t«ica<«, Mke., noin. prior. Thi« 
 tropical form presents distinetive marks.] 
 
 28. Cicpiduia exuviata, Niitt. Monterey. [=0. ejplanata, G\d.,= C. perfnrarUf 
 
 \h\. An abnormal form of C. tutvicelloides, Nutt. : C. numviaria, tild., is 
 the opposite extreme.] 
 
 29. Crepidula bihhata. Gray [i.e. Cpr.], MS. in Miis. Cum. r=C dorsata, Brod. 
 
 Vide Ma/.. Cat. no. '>:50, where the origin of the M!§. name would have 
 been found explniiit-d. It .appears to be principally a northern species 
 =-C. lingtdata, GId.] 
 
 30. Crepidula lirata, Rve. [Gulf of] California. [Intermediate form between 
 
 C. inciirva and C, oni/x, described in Maz. Cat. p. 277.] 
 2. Crucibidum sadellatiim, Gray. "=C rugosa, I>e83.,= C. imhricata, Sby., non 
 Brod." Payta, Le»8. ; Punta St. Elena, Ciimiug. [ Vide Maz. Cat. no. .'{43.] 
 
 4. Crucibulum ruffomm," Desh., non Less., = C. /iV//mm/, Brod., ? \a,r. = C. yem- 
 
 macea, Val." Island of Chiloe, Cuming. [ Vide Maz. Cat. p. 290.] 
 
 5. Crucibidum fernigineum, Rve. Bay of Conception. Chili, Cuming. [=C. 
 
 quiriquina, Less.. D'Orb., = C. Bgronensis, Gray, in Brit. Mus. Like a 
 rough degraded form of C. spinosum.] 
 
 6. Crucibulum umbrella, De8h.= C rudis, Brod. Panama and Real Llejos. 
 
 8. „ corrugatum, Ct^t. " Cal." [Mazatlan, JeHv^/, P.Z. S. 18')(;,p.204.] 
 0. „ tmorica^Mwi, Brod. Panama. [=C. imbricatum, Sby., = Cse««- 
 
 tellatum, Gray, no. 2, varj 
 
 10. Crucibidum spinomm, Sby. Seas of Central America. [E.xtends northwards 
 
 to California; southwards it degenerates into C. quiriquina.'\=C. pi-zizti, 
 Gray,+ C. hisjnda, Brod.,+ 1*. wjacw/a^a, ^rod..,-\- C. tubifera, Less., + 6'. 
 cinerea, Rve. 
 
 11. Crucibulum pectiruitum, Cpr., P. Z. S. 18.56,0. 168. Peru. [TtinsimR, Jetrett.l 
 17. „ «Mn<»/w, Rve.,= C «<riato, Broa., nonSay. Valparaiso, CMw//«y. 
 
 [Passes into Galerus.'] 
 
 21. Crucibulum serratum, Brod. Real Llejos and Muerte, Cuming. [Tike 
 
 young of C. pectinafinn ; nearly transpareut; white, with pui-ple ray.] 
 
 22. Crucibidum sordidiim, Brod.,+ C. unguis, Brod. Valparaiso and Pauanm, Cum» 
 
 ing. [ = Galerus ; v. Maz. Cat. p. 292, note. The author distributes tho 
 species of this genus between Trochita and Crucibulum.^ 
 4. Trochita aspera [Rve. as of] C. B. Ad. Panama. [The small var. of Galerua 
 conicus. Probably = C. aspersa, C. B. Ad., no. .331.] 
 
 7. Trochita subrejlexa, C^T.j'SlS. in^lxis. Cum. Gulf of California. [= Galerua 
 
 mbrejlexits, Cpr. in P. Z. S. 1855, p. 233.] 
 
 9. Trochita corrvgata [Pcujus. Comp. Calyptrtea corrugata, Brod.]. Callao, Cuming, 
 
 8. Trochita spirata, Fhs. "?=:P.trochi/ormis,Cheni." Gulf California. [J7</« 
 
 anfea, p. 542.1 
 
 10. Trochita solida [?Rve.'\. Conchngua, Mus. Cum. \? = Galerus fnattiillaris.] 
 
 11. Perna anomioides, Rve. March 1858. California, Mus. Cum. [No autho- 
 
 rity; appears=P. costellata, Conr., Sandwich Islands.] 
 13. Perna Californica [Rve., non] Conr. California, Conr. [i. e. Nutt.'] Honduras, 
 
 Dyson. " Distinguished by the Pedum-\\\ie form and clouded, livid 
 
 purple colouring. [This is the well-known large Hat West Indian species ; 
 
 not known in California.] 
 8. Umbrella oralis, Cpr. Mouth of Chiriqui River, Bay of Panama, [not] Cuming 
 
 [but Bridges. The species was also found at Cape St. Lucas by 
 
 Jiantus.] 
 6. lanthina fragilis, I^m., = J. striulata, Cpr. West Indies, Mazatlan, California. 
 
 [ Vitte Maz. Cat. no. 242 : non /. striolata, Ad. and Rve.] 
 19. lanthina decollata, Cpr. Probably = 7. globosa, var. [Maz. Cat. no. 243. Of 
 
 the two Maz. forms, provisionally named, this appears the least entitled 
 
 to specific rank.] 
 40. Columbella Brilgesii, Rve. April 1858. Panama, Bridges. [Appears the 
 
 small var. of C. major.] 
 43. Columbella Boivini [^—Boivimi, Kien.]. Gulf Nicoyia, Iliudt, 
 
 m 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 507 
 
 4Ct. Colniiihella aciculn, Rve. California. [No authority.! 
 
 56. CohtniMlit ettcfiintirn, Itve. (iiill" ("alitoniia, Luiit. Shipley, Mii.9. Cum. 
 
 57. Colninlifl/arexi/lum, live. fJiiU" California. [No »iu liority.] 
 
 i. e. Lam.] = ( '. ;/uUuf(t, Sby. Panatn.i, 
 No other localities iriveu. V. yili- 
 
 C2. CoiumMla cribrarxa, Qiioy and (Juiui. 
 common under stones, Vuniing. 
 lUlla crihrarin, Maz. Cat. no. til3.] 
 72. ColnmhfUii electriiide^, Kve. Hay of (luayaquil. 
 74. Coluinhi-Ua Pacifica, (.task. (taiiipiif.'os. 
 lOU. Columbelia ptmlla. Sby. Island of St. Vincent, W. T. "=K{tideUa Gouldii, 
 
 Cpr." [The Xitidilla is a distinct I'pper Califominn species."! 
 120. Culumhella Uidea, live. Gulf Calif., Mr. Ituhh, R.N. [A Mtidella, so tnji- 
 sparent that the axis can be seen throu<rhout.] 
 
 122. Coluuibella Sta-Iiarbarensk, Cpr. Sta. liarbara. " Not merely faintly striated, 
 
 teste Cpr., but unusually irrooved." [Described from a worn specimen 
 in Jewett's Col., and named to mark a more northtni limit to the jrenus 
 than had been as.sifrned by Forbes. The labi'l was probably incorrect, as the 
 shell livts in the tropical fauna, C. S. Lucas, Xantwi: Acapulco, New- 
 berry; Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths. The name (as expressing error) should 
 tlierefore be altered to C. Reevei, Cpr] 
 
 123. Columbelia spadicea, Phil., MS. in Mus. Cum. Mazatlan. [Described by 
 
 Phil, in Zeit. f. Mai. 1«4(; : B. A. Uep. p. 225.] 
 130. Columbelia venmfa, Rve. [Mazatlan, £. Philippi.] = C. teeniata, Phil, [in 
 
 Zeit. f. Mai. lf<40], not Ad. and Rve., [Voy. Samar. 1850; therefore Phil. 
 
 has precedence. ? = Aiiachis Gaskoinei, Maz. Cat. no. 652. The Sama- 
 
 rang shell is probably a Nitidel/a.~\ 
 132. Colambflla .vdcosa, Sby. Annaa and Ld. Hood's Islands *. Cuming. 
 135. Columbelia Gouldii, Agass., MS. in Mus. Cum., Nov. 1858. [ = Atnycla Gmd- 
 
 diana, Agass., Atlantic ; non Nitidella Gouldii, Cpr.] 
 142. Columbelia uneinata, Sby. Is. Muerte, Ray Guayaquil. [Acapulco, Jeicett.'\ 
 105. Columbelia Califoniica, Rve. April 1859. California. [No authority. 
 
 Like Anachis lirata.^ 
 17G. Columbelia rorida, Rve. Lord Hood's Inland*, Cuming. [Tran.sparent, 
 
 glossy, with necklace of opake white dots.] 
 Genua J/e/rt[ = Cwee//fl, Swains, eliminated by Rve. from Columbelia; hwi Anachis, 
 
 Slrombina, Amycia (pars), and Nitidella, which do not even belong to 
 
 the same family, if the opercula are to be trusted, are left in the old place. 
 
 Of the six species, the autnor only knew the locality for one], M. Ihipontice, 
 
 Kien. — Ichaboe, South Africa; [but that of] M. omdoides, " C. B. Ad., 
 
 MS." [is shown by his published works to be Jamaica; and the following 
 
 are from the West Coast]. 
 8. Mcta cedonuUi, Rve. [La Paz, Mus. Smiths. ; C. S. Lucas, Xantua ; Panama, 
 
 Jetcett.^ 
 4. Meta coniformis, Sby. [? Panama, Jewett.'\ 
 
 24. Z?":t)>Ai"w«s /MnVfjw, Nutt., MS. in Mus. Cum. California. [Is not known from 
 
 the American coast; comp. Sandwich Islands.] 
 
 25. Ziziphinus eximius, Rve., P. Z. S. 1842. Panama, sandy mud, 10 fms. 
 
 \=T. versicolor, Mke., 1850, = Z. Californicus, A. Ad., 1851. Scarcely 
 aift'ers from " Javanicus, Lam.," in Mus. Cum. The form was dredged by 
 Mr. A. Adams in the eastei'u seas.] 
 31. Ziziphinus AtUonii, Koch, in Phil. Abbild. pi. 1. f. 4. Australia. [Scarcely 
 differs from the shouldered var. of Calliostoma lima (Phil.) C-. D. Ad., 
 which is called eximiu-, live., in Brit. Mus. Col.] 
 
 23. Trochus Jnponicus, Dkr., [represents Pomatdax undosus on the east side]. 
 
 24. Trochus digitatus, Desh. Distinct from unguis, with base like gibbeioms. 
 
 Central America. [Mr. Reeve's distinct shell is perhaps not that of Df-eh.. 
 and not from the West Coast.] 
 
 26. Trochus ttndosus, \yood.= T. gigas, Anton. California f. 
 
 • Fide Report, 1856, p. 168, note §§. 
 
 t Mr. Kwve states that, aUhooifh thin species is most like gibheraivs, "Messrs. Grsv unj 
 A.daias contrive to place the: diflcicut gener«." It i» still moi-e remarkable that, wiule 
 
 d3 
 
5C8 REPORT— 18C3. 
 
 39. Jrochvs nuripiffmeiifiim, Jonas. Panama. [Probably not from W, America.] 
 17. FhaaiatieUa iH'rforata,Vh\\. Mazatlan, Panama +7%. ronjy^^a, Gld.* Kather 
 out of place t ; has neither form nor texture of Phadanella. [The aberrant 
 form is due to the figured specimen being quite young; the adults in 
 Brit. Mus. Col. prove the texture, colouring, and operc. to be normal.] 
 Genus Simpiefopm. This group, intermediate between Vitrina and Siicciiiea, ia 
 stated to be peculiar to Brazil and Mexico, where Vitrina is not known. 
 
 In the Monograph of TerehratuUdce, which is prepared with unusual care, 
 and tlie general introduction to which is well worth attentive perusal by all 
 students, occur the following species which bear upon the West Coast fauna 
 or synonymy : — 
 
 2. Terehraiiila (T'uldlieitnia) dilatata, Lam. ,= 71 Gaudichaudi, Blainv. "Str. 
 Magellan," teste Gray, in Brit. Mus. Cat, without authority. [The E. E. 
 specimens varied considerably in outline ; and according to Darwin, and 
 what we know of the variations of fossil species, it is quite possible to 
 believe that this and the next species had a common origin. The great 
 development of this most interesting form in the cold regions of South 
 America is extraordinary.] 
 
 S. Terebrafiila ( Wuldheiinia) t/lobo^a (\'al.). Lam., from type. = T. Californica, 
 Koch. "California, Coquimbo. Califomian form well known; small 
 specimen in Mus. Taylor, marked ' de Coquimbo.' " [There appears no 
 authority for the general belief that this line species is Califomian. It was 
 taken in abundance by the naturalists of the XT. S. E. E. at Orange Bay, 
 Magellan. The Califomian shell, which is probably the original (V/A- 
 foniica, Koch, (not of authors) is a distinct species, teste Rve. from Dr. 
 Cooper's specimens.] 
 
 7. Ttrchratula {TerchnituUna) radiata, live., Mus. Cum. ? Straits of Corea, 
 
 Belcher. [Very like the adult of T. caurina, Old.] 
 
 11. Terehratiila tiva, Brod. Bay of Tehuautepec, Guatemala; 10-12 fms. sandy 
 
 mud, on dead bi\alve, Copt. Dare. Mus. Cum. and De Burgh. [The 
 
 analogue of T. vitrea, Med.] 
 
 16. Ttrebratida {T(rebratuUna) Jtiponica, Sby., = T. angusta, Ad. and live. Corea, 
 
 Japan. "Represents T. capid-serpentis, and probably the same." 
 23. Tertbrutida physe»ia, Val., MS. (unique), Coquimbo. Gaudichitud, 1S33. 
 May be a colossal, broadly inflated var. oi ylobosa. 
 
 C. Orbimla Cumitigii, Brod. [Besides information in Kep. pp. 183, 244, is given] 
 Is. Cana, Guatemala ; sometimes 6-18 fms., Cumittif. O. strii/(d(i,iinnl., 
 is a less-worn state of this species. [The type-specimens of JJiscinu stri- 
 gata in Brit. Mus., on Pecten ventricosus, appear very distinct, and aie 
 unusually shell}- for the genus.] 
 
 excluding Ziziphinus {=CalHostoma),Mr.'ReeYe"contTiveBto\t\&ce" in TVoc^m* animals 
 shown by the opercula to belong to different subfamilies, as though we knew no more tliuu 
 ill Lamarck's days j his motley group containing Imperator { = Stella, H. and A. Ad.)4- 
 Lithopoma -\- Gnildfordia + Chri/soxtoma -\- Bolma -f- Modelia -}- Polydonta -\- Tectut-\- 
 Pomatdax-\-Astralium-\-Pachifpoma-\- Uvanilla. Also in a family the genera and species 
 of which are mainly recognized by the base and mouth, most of the shells are only figured 
 on the back. Very often the characters of the aperture are not even stated. Remarkable 
 liberties are, moreover, sometimes taken with geographical facts, to the great astonishment 
 of' Americans, who expect even their schoolboys to avoid such statements as at sp. 57, Tr. 
 diminidiviis, Rve., " Oahu Islands;" and at sp. 1, Lingula ovalis, Rve., "from W. II. 
 pease, Esq., residing at Honolulu, one of the Sandwich Islands." 
 
 * P. conipta is a distinct Califomian species ; its Pvarieties pass into pulla. If Mr. 
 Reeve cau be followed in uniting topulla, ptdchella. Reel. •,-\-affinis-\-tesseUata-\-pulchena 
 -^concinna, C. B. Ad. ;-l-/ei»uV*, ¥h\\. ; + intermedia, 9iCHCc\n;-\-Capensis, Dkr. ;4-«'/o«- 
 gata, Krauss, Gould's species should join this goodly company, rather than perforata. 
 The same standard of union followed among the large shells would greatly lessen the size 
 of this costly work. 
 
 t So is Phasianella rubra. Pease MS., sp. 18, which belongs to Alcyra, A. Ad. ; allied 
 to Euvliclutt 
 
 54 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5C9 
 
 7. Orhktda osfreuides, Lain.,= O. Norvegica, Sby. (non Lam. )+ O. striata, Sby.+ • 
 Crania radiosa, Gld. + O. \^Discina] Evansii, Dav. F N. W. Africa. " The 
 locality, ' Budeiras, Cal.,' given by Mr. D. with O. Evamii, on Mr. Cuniiujr's 
 authority, nuist, I think, l)e a mistake." [The genus has not been found 
 on the Califomian coast by any American collector.] 
 
 8 Vetim* grata, Sby.,+ 'xWor, Sby. Gulf of Mexico, Mus. Cum. [=Tapea 
 grata. Say, Panama. The locality-labels have probably been misplactd. 
 These sprcimens are undoubtedly from the W est Coast, nor has any 
 authority appeared for the species in the Atlantic. The Gulf of Mexican 
 " analogue ' is T. granulata. \ he forms are intermediate between Chione 
 and Tit pes. ~\ 
 
 9. Venus multirostnta. Sby. Bay of Panama, in coarse sand at low water, Cuming. 
 "Probably= T''.Z*'s/('/-/.var.,with ribs more tumidly thickenod androundtd." 
 [The West Coast shells are distinguished by the very slight ci-enulation 
 of the ribs at the sides.] 
 19. Venus asperrima, Sby. Guacomayo, Centr. Am., sandy mud, 1.3 fms., Cuming. 
 "A form oi pi'ciorina ; shAl of lighter substance, broader and more de- 
 pressed ; scidpture more elevately and definitely latticed." [This is the 
 shell named by Mr. Cuming V. cardioidcs, Lan\, and should take that 
 name, as prior to Sby."s, if really distinct from pectorina. Also from 
 I'anama. Mus. Smiths.] 
 22. Venus du<cors, Sby.. jun. St. Elena and Guacomayo, Centr. Am., sandy mud, 
 6-9 fms., Cuming. "Concentric decussating ridge.s cease abruptly at the 
 posterior third." [Character very variable, even in the type-.speciniens ; 
 = T. grata, Say, var.] 
 
 25. Venus pectorina, Lam., p. 344,+ V. cardioides. Lam. Centr. Am., Mus. Cum, 
 
 [Probably Atlantic : much heavier and stumpy ; sculpture coarser ; tetth 
 more like casina, whereas cardioides, no. 19, has a long anterior tooth 
 like sugillata f.] 
 
 26. Venus cingu/ata, ].am.,=pulicaria, Brod. W. Columbia, Cuming. [=V. 
 
 Pinaciifensis, Sloat, MS. in Mus. Smiths. Guaymas. The peculiar 
 smoothing-otl" of the central sculpture in the adidt may be varietal. It 
 is iuiprobnble that Lam. was acquainted with the species.] 
 
 33. Venus crenuhda, Ch^'va.,■=crennta, (Jmel. W. L = V. eximia,'V\\\[.,-^ V. ere- 
 nifera, i^hy.,+ J'. Portesiana, D'Orb. [\ot to be confounded with the 
 P". creniferu, Maz. Cat. : has a small Cyprinoid lateral tooth, but no 
 radiating ribs near lutiule, nor long anterior tootht.] 
 
 85. Venus CulifurHien4s, Brod.,= V. h-ucodon, Sby. Guavnia.s, Gulf Cal., sandy 
 mud, low water, [teste] Cuming. Mus. Cum. [= V. crassa, Sloat, MS. in 
 Mus. Smiths. Not V. Califontitma, Conr.,= V. simillitna. Sby. This 
 species, with V. neglecta, compta, &c., having the mantle-bend nearly 
 ODSolete, approach Annmalorardia subimhricata, and with that species 
 form a natural group, ditiering from the typical Vemts as Lioconcha dots 
 from CuUista : = V. suvcincta, \'al.] 
 
 41. Venus Kennerleyi, Cpr., MS. % in Mus. Cum. Hob. — ? [Puget Sound, 
 Kennerh'y.~\ 
 
 43. Venus sugillata, Rve. California, Mu.s. Cum. Characterized by the shining 
 purple umbos, finely latticed sculpture, dark-stained hmu'e and liga- 
 mentary aria. [ = " V. crenifera, Sby., teste Rve.," Maz. Cat. no. I't.'i, 
 in all essential characteis. jjiliers in the long anterior tooth being still 
 
 • Through the kindness of Mr. Eeeve, with a view to the complrtion of this Eeport, 
 I was enabled to compare the figui-ed specimens in this genus with the text, and witli 
 the shells of the vSuiithsonian coUectioji, before they were distributed. The bracketed notes 
 in the text are based on this cxaniination. They are given with miusual detail, because 
 of the unique opportunity of throwing some light on a confessedly difficult family. 
 
 + The characters of the teeth and pallial line frequently aflford satisfactory daagnostio 
 marks between critical species, which are often oTerlooked by monographers. 
 
 X The descriptions of Dr. Kennerley's shells had long bct>n written, and would hare 
 boon ))ublished but for the Anierinan war. The localities of all the West Coast shells sent 
 from the SmitLs. Col. to All'. Cuming nere dul^ mai'kcd in the accompanying catalogues, 
 
 6&-' 
 
070 REPORT— 1863. 
 
 loncrer, and in the purple colour. This, however, in the firriired speci- 
 men, has been broiipit-out by the free use of acid, and the markings have 
 been considerably obliterated by the " beautifying'- " proces." 
 4^ Venm simillima, Sby. San Dieoro, Cal. "Resembles I. cornpta in detail of 
 sculpture " [but perfectly distinct, belongiuir to the amathmia proup. 
 It shows the evil of the very brief diafrnoses of tl;e earlier conch()log-i>t3 
 that so discriminatin<r an author as Mr. Conrad should have taken this 
 shell for the V. Cal!fornien!<i<. Brod. ; and, quoting it {lapsu) as V. Culi- 
 forniana, redescribed the true V. Californieiuiis aa V, NuttuUii. It is 
 known by the great closeness of the tine sharp ribs.] 
 
 46. F(?/!M.« = c/w»//rt^?, no. .'W, very distinct var. GulfCJal. ; more globose, interior 
 
 purple rose. [This was sent as " Cape St. Lucas, Xanttu.'^ It appeal's 
 truly distinct from the W. I. cnnulata, and to be the normal t'onu 
 of which pulicaiia, no. 20, is an extreme var. Inside, and outride in 
 the adolescent state, they agree exactly ; ditleiing out>iide, in the adult, 
 in snioothed-ott' ribs and more distinct V-markings. Mr. Reeve, however, 
 still thinks it more like creuifera. It may stand a^ " ? vaj*. lilaciita."] 
 
 47. Venm gihbosuhi, Desh., MS. in Mus. Cmn. Hah. ? — [Guaymfls := V. Cortezij 
 
 Sloat. This is the more rounded and porcellanous form of V.Jlndifraga, 
 = V. Ntittiilli of Jirit. Assoc. Report, and Nuttallian paper in P. Z. S. 
 1850, p. 21 ; but not the true V. NuttalU, Conr., v. infra, no. 49. Interior 
 margin very finely crenated on both sides of the liinee.] 
 
 48. Vetiti^ compta, Brod. Bay of Sechura, Peru, coarse sa:id and mud, 7 fnis., 
 
 Cinniiiy. [This rare species seems to represent V. Ciilifornitttsts in ihe 
 South American fauna. It is well distinguished by its shouldered form, 
 prixiuced ventrally, and by the Circoid pallial line, far removed fri>iii the 
 margin. Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths.] 
 
 49. Venus Nidtalli, Conr. California. [Named from type, teste Conr. ip«., v. 
 
 antea,-^. 52(). This is the northern form of V. succiiicfa, as ////c^'- 
 
 fraga is o( gibbosula, the sp appearing nearly in the same parnllt'ls in 
 
 the Gulf and on the Pacihc i ist, but not found in the '.ivirpool Riigeu 
 Col. ; nor at Cape St. Lucas. In all essential characteis, X«//(;//m though 
 pointed) and Ca/ifonne/isls (though rounded) appear the same ; but Mr. 
 Reeve still thinks otherwise. The figured specimen has been altertd with 
 acid. The V. ercavata is not noticed by Mr. R. j 
 
 51. Venus mtnuhilus, Rve. Hah. ? — [This shell was obtained by Dr. Stimpson 
 in the N. P. Expl. Exp., and bears the Smiths. Cat. number " 1845. San 
 Franci.sco, very conmion at low water," = Jfyx's r/jVpr.sff, Sby. jim. This 
 is the highly painted, finely sculptured state of T. staminen, Conr. (not 
 " T. straminea, Conr." Sby.,= T. grata, var.) The abnormally ridged form 
 is V. ruderafn, Desh. Conch. Ic. sp. 130. By its large pallial sinus and 
 bifid teeth it is a true Tapt's.'\ 
 
 £2. Venus intcrseota, Sby. Puerto Puero [FPortrero], Centr. Am., Cuming. 
 [The shell 'S exactly identical with no. 19, asperrima=.cardioides ; but the 
 figure might mislead, the colour-lines appearing as ribs.] 
 
 M. Venm subrostrata. Lfini.* vi. p. ;{4-"^, = V. ne^flecta, [Gray] Sby. Hah.^l&zntlun 
 and West Indies. " Lam. having cited a figure of the China species, F. irt- 
 tnarckit, the species was lost sight of till Sby. renamed it," [TheLamarck- 
 inn species was probably West Indian. V. neylecta closely resembles 
 the young of V. Califtirnicnsis, but has the ligamental area smooth only 
 on one valve, instead of both.] 
 
 69. Venm Stutchburgi (Gray), Wood, Sandwich Is. Comes very near to the 
 Californian V. callosa, [Sby., non] Conr., of which specimens have been 
 found also at the Sandwich Is. [V. Stutehhurgi is the New Zealand 
 species, which may easily be confounded with the Californian. Althougli 
 both may be obtained at the Sandwich Is., there is no evidence that eitlier 
 
 • In critical species, when it is impossible to be positive which of two or mo-P was 
 intended by an old author, it ai)pe8rs best to retain the name of the first (ii»<'riinitia/or. 
 The old uHnie bt-longs to the general form: the discriminator ought to relaiii it lor k 
 pui'ti but if that lias not bcuu douu, it avoids confusioa to drop it. 
 
 66 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 571 
 
 lives there. The shell here fiorured is beaked like NuttuUi, no. 49 ; In- 
 nule very faint : conceutrie ridf^es very laint, but sharp; radiating' ribs 
 very coai-se. Inside deeply stained ; margin not creriated on the sharp 
 anterior edge, thougli faintly on the luniile ; hinge-teeth stumpy.] 
 
 60. Venus muscaria, live. Ilab. ? — [Has the aspect of a West Coast species, 
 between cardioides and hne var. of staminea ; sinus large ; teeth strong, 
 not bitid ; lunule with radiating ribs.] 
 
 68. Vemis utuluteUa, Sby. Gulf Calif. [Not a satisfactory species, the type 
 having the a-»pect of a poor specimen altered for cabinet. The " sculpture 
 much changing in its development towards the margin " is an accident 
 often seen in the cancellated species. Similar "pecimens of V. neylneta, 
 no. 54, collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xantus, agree ■v\-ith undati-l/a 
 in all respects, except that this is violet \vithin, tuj/Ucta being white. 
 Ligament-area (a.s in twglecta) smooth in one valve only.] 
 
 77. Venus Adamsii, live. Japan. [Closely related to Tapes laci'niata, San Diego, 
 in size, aspect, hinge, &c. Differs in mantle-bend being not so long or 
 pointed, and the radiating sculpture much finer := V. rigida, Gld., MS., in 
 Stimpson's list; non Gld. in ' Otia.'] 
 
 80. V&ms ornatkswm, livoA. Panama, sandy mud, 10 fms., 0/»iwy. Still unique. 
 [Like F. .9««/t«, jun., but radiating ribs coarser and more distant; con- 
 centric frills not palmated ; lunule pale, laminated.] 
 
 87. Venus cullosa [Sby., non] Conr. Sandwich Is. and Calif. [ f'*<^e note to no. 
 51). This IS the V. XuttaUii of the Brit. Assoc. Report. Those who regard 
 it as distinct from Jluctifraga, of which gUtbomln, no. 47, is the extreme 
 form, may retain the name callosa of Sby., but nut of Conr. Conrad's 
 species =t'. nohi/h, live.; diflering from the true Callista, w^ Mercrnaria 
 does from Venus, in having the ligament-plate rugose.] = V.Jiuctifraga, 
 Sby., teste Rve. in errata. 
 105. Venus biliiwata, live. Gulf Calif Partakes of the characters of c&tnpta 
 and subimbricata: all three may indeed be ditferent states of one and the 
 same species. [The shell figured at 1056 has all the peculiar featiu-es of 
 compta, which are clearly marked within ; only the concentric waves are 
 closer than usual. The shell Kgured at 105rt appeal's to be the true un- 
 datella, only in fine condition, the type being rubbed. It has exactly the 
 same internal characters, including colour ; only the colour-lines outside 
 are arranged in rays instead of V s. Mr. Reeve, however, retains his dill'er- 
 ent opinion.] 
 IIG. Venus Ci/pria, Sby., P. Z. S. 1852. Is. Plata, West Columbia. [From same 
 district, teste Schott in JIus. Smiths.] Has all the appearance of bfiug 
 an attenuately produced fonn of the West Indian V. paphia [which is 
 also from Cape \'erd Is., teste Macgillivray in Brit. Mas.]. 
 
 11. Dione* macuhif a, List. West Indies ; Brazil ; Pacific Ocean. Wii'ly distri- 
 buted in both hemispheres. [No authority for the Old World ; i' e Pacific 
 shells are Cullixfa chioneea, var.] 
 
 15. Dione nobilis, Rve 1H4U. Cal. \_=C. callosa, Conr., 18-37. The original 
 name, from type, had been communicated to Mr. 11., but is not quotid.] 
 
 20. Dione semilamellosa ■f,(im\d., = C. lu/mnaria, Less. Centr. Am. [=/upiiiiiria, 
 
 Maz. Cat., no. 95. Vide Deless. llec. Coq. pi. 19. f. 2 : " China Seas," no 
 authority.] 
 
 21. Dione breviymnfa, Hve., = brevispiua, Shy. [Gulf of ] California. [Scarcely 
 
 differs from C. ivwtrt, jun.] 
 
 22. Dione inuUispinosa, Sby. I'eru. Concentric ridges thinly laminated ; spines 
 
 slender and numerous. [An extreme form of the Pacific C. Dione (teste 
 Hani.) ; distinct from semilamellosa.^ 
 21. Dione Veneris, D'Arg. Concii. pi. 21. f. 1,= V. Dione, Ln. West Ind. and 
 
 * The figured types of this genus had been accidentally mislaid ; and might alter ihe 
 jiuli;ment8 given in tlie text. 
 
 t " Foe obvious reasons, I tliink it b^st to abandon the foul name given to this lovely 
 epoeies hy Lesson," Rve. ( fide Maz. Ciit. p. 70, note.) ? W'c uld not the same reaeona 
 lead to tile alteration of meretrix, im^udira, &c'. 
 
 57 
 
573 REPORT— 1863. 
 
 Ccntr. Am. [The Pacific shells should rank with species 22, if sup- 
 posed distinct. The Hg. is 24, not 23.] 
 
 24. JDione exspiuata, Rve. Ceutr. Am. Distinct, if the others are ; like semilu- 
 
 nif'llosH, without spines. [Appears to be C. rosea, jun. The tig. is 23, 
 not 24.] 
 
 25. I Diotie circinata, Bom. Mazatlan, Mus. Cum. [without authority.] = V. 
 
 28, a, b. I rubra, Gniel.,+ V. Guineensis, Gmel.,+ C. alternata, Brod. [f. 28 repre 
 sents alternata; the other figrures appear to be from West Indian spe- 
 cimen.", thoujrh that ancient locality is not mentioned. Several of the 
 reputed West Coast shells are, however, of the typical form and colour.] 
 33. Dione univolor, Sby., = Chione badiu, Gray, = Cyth. lii/iila, Anton. ^V. Columbia. 
 38. Dione prora, Conr. "Cape St. Lucas, Xautus, California; Carpenter.' 
 [A ^ery distinct form among: the thin inflated species ; only yet found at 
 the Sandwich Is., v. no. 45.] 
 
 45. "(Mus. Smithsonian Institute of N. America.) This shell, from Cape St. 
 
 Lucas, Xantus, California, proves to be the Dione prora (Ci/therea prora, 
 Conr.) of our preceding: plate." [Mr. Sowerby's ligure well represents 
 the unique specimen from Cape St. Lucas, which was taken alive by Mr, 
 Xantus. The quotations in Conch. Ic. would lead to the inference that 
 " Xantus " wius regarded as that part of " California " in which Cape St. 
 Lucas is situated. Both the external and internal character require 
 that a separate name be given to the shell, which stands as Callista pol- 
 licaris, Annals Xat. Hist. vol. xiii. p. 312.] 
 
 46. Cytherea consaiu/iiinea, C. B. Ad. Mus. Cum. Apparently a small spe- 
 
 cimen of a variety of C. Iceta. [Panama. Diffei-s from C. Iceta in inter- 
 nal chiiracters.J 
 
 62. Dione pannosa, iihy.,= Cytherea Mea, 'Koch,+ Callista pucHa, Cpr. Chili, 
 Peru, Mazatlan. [No authoiityfor Mazatlan. The name puvHa girt a 
 to the Cape St. Luca.s specimens was intended as varietal ; although 
 Mr. Cuming regards tlu? Peruvian and Peninsular forms as dstinct. It 
 is not known along the Central American coast.] 
 
 25. Circe nummiilina. Lam. " Central America." [Probably not from the 
 American seas. Admiral Sir E. Belcher is, however, conlident tliat he 
 dredged many well-known E. Indian forms in deep water, oil' San Bia-^.] 
 
 27. Cytherea. In this genus are grouped the Triyonee ; besides the typical species, 
 = Meretr{x, (iray. 
 3. Cytherea crassatvVoides, Conr. " Bay of California." [Not known geogra- 
 phically. The shell is not found in the Gulf, bein^ a most characteristic 
 Californian species. San Francisco, S. Diego, i.*cc.] 
 
 27. Cytherea radiata, Sby., + C. yrnrilior, Sby.,= V. Salanyensis, D'Orb. = T. By- 
 ronensis, (iray. Salango and Xipixapi, 9 fms. sandy mud, Cinniny. 
 
 45. Cytherea nitidula, Lam. Mediterranean. [The figures and descriptions of 
 Sby. and IJve. well represent specimens from Cape St. Lucas, Xatdm. 
 Perhaps not identical with Lam.'s species.] 
 9. Tapes ynitu, Desh. I'hilippines. [May stand as T. Deshayesii, if it be con- 
 ceded that Say's F. yrata ranks best with Ta}yes.'\ 
 
 7. Solarium yraindatum, Lam. Mexico. 
 
 8. ISotarium rerrueosum.VhW. W. Indies. ?z=S. gramdattnn,\RT. 
 
 13. Solarium pforenfida, [live. z= phwentaleAHds. Bay Magdalena, 7 this., Belrhrr. 
 
 19. Solarium qundrir(ps,lli:*. Panama. Young state of same type an sp. 7 and 8, 
 " from same locality (Pan., Mex., W. I.)," but grows much larger. [Tlie 
 Texan shells in Mus. Smiths, are as large as those from Cape St. Lucas : 
 the variations on each coaat are coordinate.] 
 
 63. Klener.- — Tlie following species may be added to the list quoted from 
 « Coquilles Vivuntes," in Hep. pp. 293, 294:— 
 
 Pige. PI. FiR. 
 
 13 2 1 
 15. <-V /> Con»M re<7J»M, Chem.,=sC pnWqM, Ln., W. Mexico. 
 
 100 1 1* I ^"""' Laryilliertiy Kien. Mexico. [Coast not stated.] 
 
 58 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 573 
 
 Page. 
 
 PI. Fig. 
 
 213. 
 
 98. 2. 
 
 65. 
 
 27. 3. 
 
 ContiJi Phlltppii, Kien. Mexico. [Coast not stated.] 
 
 Pleurotomu triticea, Kien. Indian Ocean. [Probably Cithara 
 stvomhoides, Val. ; Cupe St. Lucas.] 
 
 45. 9. 2. Culumbella suturalis, (jmy {Gn«. ^\. A\.i. 2)= C.costata,'D\xc\. 
 
 Mon. pi. 12. f. 1, 2. Pacitic, Coasts of Peru \_ = Anachis Jluc- 
 tiiata, ahy.^. 
 
 46. 16. 4. Cvlumbiiln bicolor, Kien. Hah, ? — [ = -4. rtiyosa.'] 
 
 64, 65. {German Authors.) Pfeiffer. — Everj'thing relating to the land- 
 shells of North America will bo found so thoroughly collated in the wurks 
 of Mr. liinuey (v. infra), that it is only judged needful to present here tlie 
 most important references to the writings of the great authority on tho 
 Pahnonata. The student must necessarily consult the ' Symbolic ad Histo- 
 riam Heliceoruih, Cassel, 1841 ' et scj., which contains the following ori- 
 ginal authorities : — 
 
 1840. p. 89. Achatina CaUfnrnica, Pfr. Monterey, Cal. 
 
 91. Achatina ( Ghtndina) furri.-., I'fr. ILih. ? — [Genus altered to Olcacinn, 
 Mon. llel. iv. p. U40. Maz. Cat. 2;}1.] 
 
 In the same author's great woi'k, ' Monographia Heliceorum Vivcntium,' 
 lipsiaD, 1847-8, occur — 
 
 PiiSe. 
 
 Vol. I, 1847. 324. Helix Sagrainna, D'Orb. Cuba, California. [Sowerby's 
 
 error, copit'd by succeeding writers. The specits is ei- 
 cliisivelv Cuban.] 
 3.18. Hvlix Jid'lis, (Iray. Oregon. = ^. Nuttalliana, Lea. 
 33'J. Helix Califo niensis, Lea. California. + H. Xirh/iniana, 
 Lea. [Quoted as a distinct species in Vol. IV. p. 209.] 
 (Vol.3. 229. =H.arboretonnn,\&\.) 
 
 341. Helix Townsendiana, Lea. Califrtmia, 
 (Vol. 3. 220. = H pedesfris, GU., + ruida, Gld.) 
 
 428. Helix Oref/onenm, Lea. Oreirou. 
 ('Vol.4. 227. =H. Jjiuiiefitkouursii, testa Vt'r.) 
 Vol. II. 1848. 101. Bidinuis Mexicanus, Lam. Tabasco, Me.xico. = if. (CocA/o- 
 
 yena) rittata, Fer. 
 (Vol. 4. 4'^2. = (hthnlicus M., Cpr.) 
 
 143. Uulimiis zebra, Miill.* Mexico, &c = Zebra MiiUeri, Cheni. 
 = liulinam undatus, Uru^. * = Orthaliciis livena, Beck', 
 + li. priiirepit, UroA. + B. melanocheilas, Val. 
 231. Bidimas {Cochhxjena) melania, Fer. California. = 3/t-/(///ta 
 striata, VevT\ = B. borinus, Briior. 
 Vol. nr. 18.53. 127. Helix Paadorep, Fbs. St. Juau del Fuaco. 
 (Vol. 4. 347. =//. JJamaKPenus, Old.) 
 
 415. Biilinufi Hinnboldti, Rve. = .B. Mexicanus, Val. [? nor; Lam.] 
 
 Me.xico. 
 422. Biiliinas Califnrnicus, Rve. Califomia. 
 Vol. IV. 1859. 89. Helix Mazatlanica,¥h.,n.s. (Mai. Blatt., Apr. 1850, ^». 43.) 
 
 Mazatliin. 
 208. Helix exarata. Pfr., n. s. California. 
 270. Helix re'ieidnta, Pfr. (Mai. 151att. May 1857. p. 87). Cal. 
 270. Helix Jllonnomim, Pfr. Mormon Island, California. 
 347. Hilix cidtellata, Thomson. Contra Costa Co., C^alif<nTiia. 
 3.")0. Helix arrnsa,( ihl. Hab.? — [California.]4-fi"'"'"/''«'>«',< ^M. 
 420. Bidima,s chordatm,. Pfr. (Mai. Blatt., April ISoG, p. 40.) 
 
 Miizatlaii. 
 472. Bulimas Zieijleri. Pfr. (INIal. Bltitt., Dec. 1856, p. 232.) 
 Mexico. = Orthalictts Z., Cpr. 
 
 • These appear as three rli-Hnct species in Vol. IV. p. 588-9, with the addition of U* 
 longus, Pfr. (= Orthalkas I., AlaL Bliilt., Oct. 1856, p. 187.) ( 
 
 59 
 
574. EEPORT— 1863. 
 
 In the ' Monographia Pnenmonopomorum Tiventinm, itc, CassrlUs, 1352/ 
 by the same learned author, the following is the onlj- species wliich occurs :-- • 
 Suppl. 1858, Vol. II. p. 7. Truncatella Californica, Pfr. San Diego. 
 
 In Wiegmann's * Archives fiir Nat.,' 1837, vol. i. p. 285, occurs the fol- 
 lowing species, also without authority : — 
 
 Perna qttadrata, Anton. California. 
 
 In Troschel's ' Archives fiir "Natur ' are quoted the following : — 
 
 184.3. Vol. II. p. 140. FuBciolarin sulcnfn. Less. Acapulco. 
 1849. „ p. 90. Terebratula Californica, Linsley. 
 
 In the 'Abbildungen und Beschreibungcn neuer oder wenig gekanntor 
 Conchylien, herausgegeben von Dr. R. A. Philippi,' C'assel, 1H45-51, are 
 figured the following, which must be quoted as being original descriptions, or 
 for the synonymy: — 
 
 [Et. 
 
 Cyrena solida, Phil. California, &c. 
 
 TeUitut pisiformis, Ln. Mazatlan, tS:c.=i. pulchella, Ad. 
 ? = Cardium discors, Mont. 
 
 Ojfherea Dioikcri, Phil. W. C. Mexico. = C Paci/ica, 
 Mus. Berol., non Dilhv. 
 
 Cytherea (Artetnii) ijit/antea, Sby. California. ?= Ar- 
 temis ponderosa. Gray. 
 
 Murex niifvitus, I'hil. ? W. C. Mexico. 
 
 Ilaliotis ftdijens, Phil. ? California. = H. splendem, Rve. 
 
 Tttrbo Fokkesii, Jonas. Gulf of California. 
 
 Trochtis strigilatm, Ant. California. = T. pellis-serpentis, 
 Wood. 
 
 Patella (Acmtea) discors, Phil. Mexico. 
 
 Lucina obliqua, Phil. ? \V. C. America. 
 
 Lticinu pisum, Phil. Mazatlan. 
 
 Pecten tunica, Phil. " Sandwich Islands *. E. B. 
 Philippi."' Jan. 1844. [=i*. latiauritus, Conr., teste 
 Hani. S. Diego, &c.] 
 
 Pecten Fabricii, Phil. Greenland. [ = P- Islcindictis, 
 jun. Non P. Fabricii, Gld., = P. Hiiidsii, jnn.] 
 
 Litorina aberrans, Phil., P. Z. S. 1845, p. 142. Pa- 
 nama, on rocks. [ = Tall var. of Z. conspersa.~\ 
 
 In Dr. L. Pfeiffer's ' Xovitates Conchologica;,' Series II., Marine Shells, by 
 Dr. W. Danker, Cassel, 1858, occur the folloAving species from Sitka : — 
 
 Page. PI. Fig. 
 
 1. 1. 3, 4. Tritonium carinatum, Dkr. Sitka. [Should be pi. 2. f 3, 4.] 
 [ = 7". angulosiim, Morch, on plate.] 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1846. 
 184G. 
 
 Page 
 
 4. 
 24. 
 
 . PL 
 1. 
 
 4. 
 
 7. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1844. 
 
 4. 
 
 • • 
 
 • ■ 
 
 Apr. 
 
 1847. 
 
 33. 
 
 7. 
 
 1. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 April 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1845. 
 
 1847. 
 1846. 
 
 1. 
 
 11. 
 
 5. 
 
 8. 
 
 1. 
 
 7,8 
 
 2. 
 
 2. 
 
 1. 
 . 1. 
 1,10 
 
 9. 
 
 Julv 1844. 
 April 1850. 
 
 7. 
 9. 
 9. 
 2, 
 
 2. 
 2. 
 
 2. 
 l! 
 
 5. 
 8. 
 9. 
 3. 
 
 
 
 6. 
 
 1. 
 
 5. 
 
 
 
 11. 
 
 6. 
 
 9. 
 
 2. 
 
 1. 
 
 s! 
 
 2. 
 
 4. 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 2. 
 
 7. 
 
 2. 
 
 35. 
 
 10 
 
 89. 
 
 12 
 
 Should be pi. 2. f. 1, 2. 
 
 Should be pi. 1. I 5, 6. 
 'Should be pi. 2. i. 5, 6. 
 "Should be pi. 1. f. 3, 4 
 "Should be pi. 1. f. 1, 2.] 
 
 1, 2. Tritonium Mnrchianum, Dkr. Sitka. 
 
 5, 6. Tritmiium rtitilum, Miirch. „ 
 
 6, 6. Tritonium Pombcrr/i, Dkr. „ 
 3, 4. Neptvnea harpa, Mcirch. „ 
 1, 2. Nepttmea ca«tanea, Morch. „ 
 
 \_=zN. badia, on plate.] 
 6, 7. Murex ( Hemifusm) Bel^heri, Ilds., var. ? — [= Chorus B., L. Cal.] 
 7-9. Cytherea (Tivela) argtita, Rom. Isthmas of Panama. Resembles 
 
 C. {Trigona) mactroides, Rom. [Probably Caribbean.] 
 
 66. British Museum Collection. — " Lutmtia ravida, Souleyet, Panama," 
 
 • A large number of Califomiau ghells hare been assigned to the Sandwich Is., in con* 
 Bequence of the abundant trade between the two localities. They may often have beet 
 obtained at Honolulu by naturalists, who had no reason to doubt their having livi-d ther» 
 All that is known of the genuine Hawaian faoua Will shortly be jfubiisbed by Mr. Sow- 
 erbv, for W. H. Tease. Esq., of Hoaoiuiu. 
 
 60 
 
» 
 
 
 >» 
 
 
 rt 
 
 &c 
 
 ff 
 
 &c 
 
 N. 
 
 America. 
 
 ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5"^ 
 
 is given without authority; and the locality is probably erroneous. Various 
 other shells are scattered in the national collection, assigned either generally 
 to the West Coast or to special localities, which it has not been considered 
 needful to tabulate without confirmation. 
 
 68. Various sources. — Under this head may he firrangcd gleanings from 
 European authors not consulted in preparing the first llei)ort. 
 
 In the ' Histoire Naturelle des Cocjuilles,' by L. A. G. Bosc, Paris, 1830, 
 the following species, not previously quoted, are assigned to the "NVest Coast, 
 but without authority : — 
 
 Tol. Page. 
 
 in. 44. Vemis pophia. W. America. 
 
 280. Nerita fiLynram, Bosc. W. C. America. 
 
 290. Natica nit/osa, Chem. 
 
 IV. 60. Helix ^ I iijrina. Island on 
 
 152. Trnchus solarix. 
 
 156. Trochus radiatus. 
 
 219. Murex lima. W. C. 
 
 In Lesson's ' Illustrations de Zoologie,' Paris, 1831-2, appear — 
 
 Plate. 
 
 2. Cah/p<enpsis tuhifera, Less. \_=:Crucihulum s]7!)iosiim\ 
 
 41. (1832.) Trirhotropus Soicerbien^is, Lesson. .Seas of New World. = Trichotri/ptt 
 
 bicarinnta, Br. & Shy. = Turbo bicnrinatui, Sby. 
 48. Terebra Jlammea, Less. [?= T. striffom], Antilles ; Isth. Panama. 
 
 5L Tegula eleyans, Less. l^= T. pellis-serpentis]. Isth. Panama. 
 
 The following West Coast shells are named and figured by Dr. Gray in 
 •Griffith's Edition of Cuvier's Animal Kingdom,' London, 1834. In some 
 instances there are also a few words of description : — 
 
 Plate. Fig. 
 
 1. 3. Litorina pulchra. 
 41. 5. TnrbeneUa ceratus [? Turhinelltt.i']. 
 41. 6. Volumbella siduralis [Kiener figures this shell for Anachisjluctuata, Sby.| 
 
 18;32. The original might stand for many species]. 
 36. 2. Nas<a Nortkia \_ = Xorthio serrata, Kien.]. 
 
 36. 3. Turbinella tubercularis [ = La finis tubcrculatus ( = ceratus, C. B. Ad.)]. 
 23. 5. Terebra Africana. [The (tuIF Cal. shell, = i'rtriVY/rt^a.l 
 
 25. 2. Triton (Puaio) elegam [^ = Pisania iiisit/nis. IJvo., 1846]. 
 
 37. 2. Columbella harpaformis l=harpiformis, Sbv.]. 
 
 37.6. Clavatula Griffifhii. [VTohahh = PI. funiciilata. The shells in this plato 
 are reversed, but are repeated correctly in pi. 37 *.] 
 
 19. 1. Cytherea Dronea, var. \_= C. semilamellosa, ija\xi. ; perhaps intended fcr 
 C. dione, var.]. 
 
 In Woodward's most valuable' ^fanual of the Molhisca,' London, 1851-6, 
 the following species are quoted as from " California " : — 
 
 P»ge. PI. Fig. 
 
 108. 5. 5. Cancellaria retindata, Dillw. [?W. Indies.] 
 171. Phifsa Mauqera. [? Ecuador.] 
 
 329. 23. 22. Paraphola^himlcata, Conr. [r. Rep. p. 265. Not laiown from the 
 Califomian or AV. Mexican coasts. Resembles P. caha]. 
 
 In the very valuable handbook of bivalves, ' Recent Shells, by S. Hanley, 
 London, 1842-56,' will be found either quoted or original diagnoses of all 
 West Coast species known to the learned, patient, and minutely exact com- 
 piler. As the locality-marks are simply transcripts, they are not here repeated, 
 especially as " CaUfomia " is used for both the temperate and the tropical 
 faunas. The following synonyms will be serviceable to the student ; — 
 
 PilRe. 
 
 16. Solen sttbteres, Com.,? =S. Dombe%,?+Caltfomia7ius. Upper Cal. 
 28. Lftti-aria Uneata Sfi^ ,— {Cryptodon) Xttttallii [teste Hani, non] Conr, 
 
07Q REPOBT— 1 SG**. 
 
 72. TelUna inronspicva, Br. and Sby., ? = Sanffuinolaria [^Califvmiana, Conr., nonl 
 fmca, Conr. [=the Eastern species]. 
 
 In the Appendix are the following species, of which small figures are ^ivco 
 t.i correspond with those in Wood's Ind. Test: — 
 
 Page. PI. Fie. 
 
 .'vS'.t. 13. 60. Periphma obtiisa, Ilanl. W. America. 
 
 .*!41. 12. b. Amphidesma irroximum, CR. AA., = A. corruffatiim, KA^. Mexico. 
 
 373. 18, 51. Area Meett ana, D'Orh. W. America. = .1. syfwwosa, var., DOrb. 
 
 = A. Helbitif/ii, live. 
 SS8. 24. ^. Meleagi-ina Mazatlanicn,l\»xA, Mazatlan [ = 3/. ^wfirta/a, Dkr.]. 
 
 The following are extracted from the • Journal de Conchyliologie,' Paris, 
 1850:— 
 
 Page. PI. Fig. 
 No. 1. Feb. 18.50. 67. 3. 4. Cohmhella Hancti, Petit. ? Mazatlan. 
 
 4. Uec. 1850. 410. Obsenations on Xerita scabricosta, Lam., by 
 
 Petit. West Coast of N. America. 
 Vol. 3. 18.52. 57. 2. 11. Mitm Ilnneti, Petit. Mazatlan. 
 
 4. 18.5:?. 53. 2. 11,12. Kutica Taslei, Reel. Mazatlan. 
 
 4. 1853.84,160.0. l^\b. GnathodonM(jonum,VQt\t. Mazatlan [ = 3/. 
 
 metidica, Old., 1851]. 
 4. 1863. 119. 6. 12. Eecluzi'a Rolhmdiana, Reel. [Genus de- 
 
 scribed.] Mazatlan. 
 4. 1863. 154. 5. 9,10. Natica Moquitiiana, Reel. PWest Coast of 
 
 America. 
 Paries II. 
 
 Vol.2. Oct. 1857. 171. AdeorbisVe7-rauTit\Tbcher.) f^^^.^^^^^ 
 
 285. 6. Skenca Verraiixii, Fischer, f 
 
 292. Review of the IJrit. Assoc. Report and Brit. 
 
 Mus. Reifren Catalojrue, by Fischer. 
 Vol. 9. 209. Review of the Smithsonian Check Lists, by 
 
 Fischer. 
 The following species are figured in Chenu's ' Illustrations Conchyliolo- 
 giques ' ; but no authority is given for the localities, nor etymology for the 
 remarkable names : — 
 
 Olira selwiia, Dud. Acapulco. 
 Oliva caldania, Uucl. California. 
 Oliva razamola, Dud. California. 
 
 Olivia azevnda, Duel. California. 
 
 Oliva mantichora, Duel. California. 
 
 Oliva pindarina, Duel. California. 
 
 Oliva todosina, Duel. California. 
 
 An excellent commentary on the above species, and on the difficult genns 
 to which they belong, is supplied in the ' llevue Critique du genre OHva,' by 
 M. Ducros de St. Germain, Clermont, 1857. It was written, not from the 
 well-known London collections, but from a very large series containing all 
 the types figured by Duclos. The following is the author's arrangement of 
 the West Coast forms, excluding citations of weU-known species. 
 
 Iso. Page. 
 
 25, 49. Oliva angnlafa does not include azemula, Duel., as Rve. says ; that being 
 
 a var. ot ponderosa-\-erf/throsto7tia. 
 2G. 50. Oliva Maria, n.s., pi. 2. f. 26, a, b ; intermediate between Juliftta and an- 
 
 gidain. California, teste Duclos. [Appears to be one of the vars. of 
 
 Cuminqii.'] 
 28. 52. Olira retiadarix. To the tj-pical W. Indian shells are united those from 
 
 California, Panama, Madagascar, Japan, N. Holland, K. Zealand, &c. 
 
 62 
 
 Page. 
 
 PL 
 
 Fig. 
 
 8. 
 
 2. 
 
 19, 20. 
 
 1.3. 
 
 7. 
 
 3, 4, 21, 22. 
 
 13. 
 
 7. 
 
 5, 9, 2.3, 24 
 
 1 ■* 
 
 114. 
 15. 
 
 7. 
 
 1/. 
 
 1, 2, 10, 11 
 
 19. 
 
 16. 
 
 7,8. 
 
 19. 
 
 112. 
 17. 
 
 10, 11. 1 
 
 7,8. ( 
 
 28. 
 
 27. 
 
 9,10, 
 
ox MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST CO.KSf OF \ORTH AMKRICA. 577 
 
 The synonymy includes venulafn-^-rtrfini'Ofa-^-Cunn'iif/n-i-rTtoh rPiul. 
 
 nnn Lam.) + pindarina -{-fu.siformi- -\- timnrla + obr-iinn 4- tisiphima + 
 
 viemmmia-\-aldinia-\-oni<ka-\-cal<Iaiiin-\-har!nilaria-\-caHdidii-\-ustiilata. 
 01 83. 0/»Va Steerup, Rve. Mazatlan, iW. Vvrreaiu: = ^te Uwa, var. ] 
 Ur. 80. Oliva Deshayesiana, n. s. Atlixa, pi. •'>. f. 07, a, h : iiiteriiUMliate betweou 
 
 BrazUienxis and auriculaiia, Califoruia. teste Duclod. [Certainly not 
 
 from the West Coast.] 
 0^. 87. Olira volntella, ham. +razamnla, Duel. 
 71. 89. Oliva tmdatella, haim.-\-nedulina, Duel. ; but not ozodona, Duel., ai Rve. 
 
 say3. 
 7-3. 89. Olica Uncolata, Gray in Wood's Tnd. Test. =/»wrp?/rff'rt. Swain s.=r7rt/Mrt, 
 
 Duel. [i. e. dama, Goodall in Wood, = Uneolata, Gray MS. in B. M., 
 
 Zool. Beech. Voy.] 
 I'y. 91. Olim selasi'a, Duel. Acapulco ; teste Duel. " We know nothing of this 
 
 remnrkaljle shell but the specimen fiij:iired by the autlior." 
 8-5. 90. Olira mntica, Say -\-ritJifasciata, Rve. [assigned by eiTor to the Califoraian 
 
 0. batica, var.]+^'«6'"*«te, Rve. 
 
 In the most recent and among the most valuable of the contributions to 
 onr knowledge of local faunas, ' ilollusques de Tile de la Reunion, par M. 
 G. P. Deshayes,' Paris, 1803, occur very unexpectedly the following species 
 cmnccted with the West Coast, either by name or by identity. The list of 
 o'iO species from this little island, which the researches of M. ^tiiillard has 
 brouilht to light, contains several West Indian forms and a large number 
 tnown in the Central Pacific and even t le Sandwich Islands. 
 
 >'o. 
 
 38. 10. Chama imbricata, Brod. 
 
 47. 19. Liicina tiqeritm, Ln. " Common on sands, with Capm drjlorata, as at 
 
 the Antilles." 
 65. 2:1. Modiola cinnainomea, Chem. [Bntula, Miirch, teste A. Ad.] 
 110. 40. Chiton sanguineus, Desh. pi. 0. f. 4-7. [Xon Ch. sanr/uinem. Eve. As 
 
 the West Coast %\\&\\= Ischiwchiton timacifornm, Sby., the Bourbon 
 
 species may retain its name, especially if, as is pi'obable, it belongs to 
 
 another genus.] 
 107. 03. Solarium [Torinial ran'eqatum, Lam. 
 210. 74. Turhn phanianellu-s, Desh. Minute edition of T. petholatus ; nacreous. 
 
 [Not congeneric with T. phasiamlla (Phil.), C. B. Ad., Panama .shells, 
 
 no. 282.] 
 203. 79. Natica Marocchiensis, Lam., Q. and G. Astr. pi. GO. f. 10-19. \?=ma- 
 
 roccana, Chem.] 
 307. 95. Cvrithium tmciiiatum, Gmel. Thes. Conch, pi. 180. f. 78, 79. [?= C. un- 
 
 cinatum (Gmel.), Sby.] 
 303. 114. Purpura patida. Lam. [Lmn.]. 
 403. 115. Pur)yura?ochrostoma (\M.),\i\e. \^SiMntm']. 
 405. 115. Purpura (Coralliophila) madirpurartim, ^hy. [? Rhizocheilus. =Lepto- 
 
 conchus monodonfa, Quoy, teste Gld. Otia, p. 215.] 
 440. 132. Terefn-a luctuosa, lids. 
 600. 140. Cerithium fiallfipaiiiiii (X. Ad.), Sby. Thes. [Sbv.'s species = inter" 
 
 ruptum, Mke., non C. B. Ad., no. 198, rough var.] * 
 
 93. Smithsonian Institution. — At the time of the first Report, the tempe- 
 rate fauna of the West Coast was only known through sources liable to error, 
 the collectors having visited other regions besides Oregon and California, and 
 the species described by American authors being but imperfectly understood 
 in this country. The large accession to the number of authentic species, the 
 important elimination of synonyms?, and the assignment of ascertained loca- 
 
 * The review of the remainder of the first Report, nos. 00-02. will be postponed till after 
 the production of the new materials, wliich are almost entirely from Americau sources. 
 IS03. 
 
 DO 
 
5r3 BtPQRT— 1863. 
 
 lities, which are placed on record in Uiis Keport, are due almost entirely to 
 the stimulus atForded to science in general, and to this branch especially, hy 
 the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, B.C. The fund bcijiieathed \j 
 Mr. Smithson, " for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men, ' 
 having been declined by the Universities to which it was offered in the Old 
 World, is held (in tnist only) by the U. S. Government *. It is administered 
 by a permanent body of Regents, according to a constitution drawn-out at 
 their instance by the Secretary, Prof. J. Heniy, LL.D. It may be safely 
 stated that to his unswerving consistency, cautious judgment, and catholic 
 impartiality it is mainly owing that, during various political and social 
 changes, the Institution has not only steered clear of all party bias in the 
 United States, but has distributed its advantages with e(iual hand on both 
 sides of the Atlantic. The Natural History department is under the special 
 superintendence of the Assistant-Secretarj-, Prof. Spencer Baird, M.D., whose 
 indefatigable zeal, fertility of resource, and thorough knowltdge of the re- 
 quirements of the science have enabled the Institution, by a comparatively 
 small outlay, not only to amass in a few years an enormous store of accurate 
 materials, but also to eliminate from them a series of publications on various 
 important branches cf American zoology. The contributions of the Smith- 
 sonian Institution to our knowledge of the West Coast fauna may be consi- 
 dered under [A] its collections and [Bj its publications. 
 
 [A] SmitJisoiiian Colhdions. — According to the present law, all collections 
 made in expeditions fitted out by the Government become the property of the 
 Smiths. Inst., with liberty to exchange duplicates. Its museum, therefore, 
 is rich in types ; and its liberal policy allows of all duplicates being trans- 
 mitted to public collections, to schools of science, or to individuals engaged 
 in special departments of study. Not being forced into an unalterable plan 
 of operations, like many leading museums of the Old World, permission was 
 given to send nearly the whole of the moUnscs to this country, that they 
 might be compared with the Ciimingian, the Brit. Mus., and other leading 
 collections t. The importance of thus establishing a harmony of nomencla- 
 ture for species on both sides of the Atlantic can scarcely be over-estimated. 
 The previous want of it can be abundantly seen by comparing paragraphs 
 39, 43, 54, &c., in the first and in this Report. The West Coast collections 
 belonging to the Smiths. Inst, are mainly from the following sources : 
 a. The United States Exploring Expedition, under Capt. (afterwards Admiral) 
 
 Wilkes, 1837-1840, v. par. 43. 
 6. The North Pacific Exploring Expedition, iinder Capt. Rogers, 1853-1855. 
 
 Collector, Dr. Stimpson. 
 9. The Pacific Railroad Expedition, 49th parallel, under Governor ,T. J. 
 
 Stevens, 1853-54. Collections made in Puget Sound by Dr. Suckley, 
 
 and at Columbia River by Dr. J. G. Cooper. Dr. Suckley also collected 
 
 at Panama, 
 
 * The war has but to a limited extent curtailed the funds and interfered with the 
 operations of the Institution. 
 
 t 1 le Cunard Steamship Company hare most liberally conveyed these stores across 
 the Atlantic, free of cost. The British and American Governments have allowed siieeial 
 facilities for passing the Custom Houses without derangement. Similar acts of lilicrality 
 and courtesy are continually aflbrded to the Smiths. Inst. — The materials for tliis Rejiort 
 have been placed unreservedly in the hands of the writer, although he went to Wasliinj;- 
 ton as a complete stranger, and with no other introduction than his published writings. 
 
 64 
 
OV MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OP NORTH AMERICA. 579 
 
 d. The Pacific Railroad Survey, under Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, 1853. 
 
 Collector, Dr. A. L. Heermann. 
 «. The Pacific Railroad Survey, under Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, 1855, 
 
 Collector, Dr. J. S. Newberry. 
 
 f. Unitt'd States and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Major W. H. Emory, 
 
 lSo2. Collector, Arthur Schott. 
 
 g. Colorado Expeditioa, under Lieutenant J. C. Ives. Collector, Dr. J. S. 
 
 Newberry. 
 h. The United States North-West Boundary Survey, under Com. A. Camp- 
 boll. Collectors, Dr. Kcnnerley and Mr. (Jeorge Gibl)S. 
 Besides the above official explorations on the American side, dnrinp a 
 period in which the British Government only fitted out a sinj^le expedition 
 coordinate with h, the Smiths. Inst, has received a large number of pri- 
 vate collections from their correspondents, of which the following are the 
 principal : — 
 I. Mr. Jas. G. Swan, from Port Townsend, Cape Flattery, Neeah Bay, and the 
 
 neighbouring shores of Vancouver ; at intervals, during many years. 
 j. Dr. J. G. Cooper, early private collections from Shoalwuter B;iy and various 
 
 stations in California and from Panama; and lately the dredged collections 
 
 of the California State Geological Survey, of which a portion were sent 
 
 in advance by Dr. Palmer, 
 i-. California Academy of Natural Sciences, duplicates of their collection, 
 
 with the privilege of inspecting unique specimens. 
 J. Dr. E. Vollum, U.S.A., from Fort Umpqua. 
 
 m. Lieutenant W. P. Trowbridge, from coast of Oregon and California, 
 n. Dr. J. A. Veatch, from the peninsula of Lower California, and especially" 
 
 from Cerros Island. 
 0. Mr. A. S. Taylor, from Monterey. 
 IK Mr. Andrew Cassidy, from S. Diego. 
 <{. Rev. J. Rowell, now of San Francisco, from ^ irious stations in both faunas, 
 
 and especially from Sta. Crux, and the Fai illones Is. 
 r. Mr. John Xantus, of the U. S. Coast Survey, from Cape St. Lucas. Sptci- 
 
 mens were received through him from Socorro Island (one of the Revilla- 
 
 gigedo group), Tres Marias and Margarita Island, 
 s. Cai)tain C. P. Stone, from Guaymas and the northern part of the Gulf of 
 
 Califorria. 
 t. Captain C. M. Dow, from the coast of Central America. 
 ?( Dr. J. H. Sternberg, from Panama. 
 
 V. Dr. J. H. I'rick, Mr. James Hepburn, and others, from San Francisco. 
 VI Mr. C. N. Piotte, U. S. Minister to Costa Rica, from Puntas Arenas. 
 A'. Mr. W. H. Pease, of Honolulu, collections made by his agents at various 
 
 stations on the coast, particularly at Margarita Baj'. 
 Collections ha'-e also been received from various expeditions already tabu- 
 luted in the first Report ; and from stray quarters not here included because 
 their accuracy mxy admit of doubt. The species received from the most im- 
 jiortant of these sources will be enumerated in their order ; of the remainder, 
 exact lists may be consulted by the student in the Smithsonian Catalogues, 
 and the combined results will be found tabulated as ' Pacific Railroad Expe- 
 ditions ' or ' Smithsonian Collections.' 
 
 [BJ Smithsonian Puhlications. — These may be classed under three heads. 
 (1.) Works published by the U. S. Government, with more or less of assist- 
 ance derived from and through the Smiths. Inst. (2.) The ' Smithsonian 
 Contril)utions to Knowledge,' printed in 4to, and answering to the ' Trans- 
 5 65 
 
/SO KrpoRT— 18G3. 
 
 •etions' of English learned societies; and (3.) The '^isrennneons Collec* 
 tion«,' in Svo, answering to the ' ProceedingH ' ot" the sot ieties : — 
 
 (1.) The series of ten 4to volumes, called ' Pa( itic Railroad Reports,' con- 
 tains a complete rentntie of the natural historj' of the western slope of North 
 America. The Recent and Tertiurj- Fos^il MoUusca will he analyzed in the 
 following pages. Accounts have also heen published of the natural history 
 of other expeditions.— The annual volumes of ' Reports of the Regents of the 
 Smithsonian Institution,' pvihlished hy the U. S. (Jovenmient, contain exact 
 accoimts of the assistance rendered to the expeditions hy the Smiths. Inst., 
 as well as lectures and articles on special sulijects. In these will he found 
 full particulars of the priuciples which regulate the natural-history workings 
 of the Institution*. 
 
 {2.) The only paper hearing on our present inquiry as yet published in 
 the ' Contributions ' is on the " Invertcbrata jf the Grand Manan," hy Dr. W. 
 Stimpson, which should be consulted by ail who desire to institute a compa- 
 rison between the sub-boreal faunas on the two sides of the Atlantic. 
 
 (3.) The 'Miscellaneous Collections' are all stereotyped, and very freely 
 circulated. Among them vriW be found " Directions "' for collecting specimens 
 of natural history-, with special instnictions concerning the desiderata on the 
 Pacific coasts. These have been widely distributed among the various go- 
 vernment officials, the emploi/e.s- of the U. S. Coast Survey, and the variously 
 ramified circulating media at the command of the Smiths. Inst. ; and have 
 already borne a fair share of important results, although the war has 
 greatly impeded the expected prosecution of natural -histoiy labours. " Check 
 Lists ■' have been published " of the Shells of North America, by I. Lea, 
 P. P. Carpenter. AY- Stimpson, W. G. Binney, and T. Prime." June lf<hO. No. 
 1 contains the Marine Shells of the " Oregonian and Cnlifornian ^ro^^IK•e,'* 
 and No. 2 of the " Mexican and Panaraic Pro\-ince." They arc chietly com- 
 piled from the first British Association Report, with such elimination of .sy- 
 nonyms and doubtful spemes, and addition of fresh materials, as had become 
 available up to the date of publication. They were not intended to be quoted 
 as authorities ; and so rapid has been the accumulation of fresh infornuition 
 that no. 1 is already out of date. In the *' Terrestrial Gasteropoda," by W. 
 G. Binney, list no. 1 contains the " species of the Pacific coast, from the ex- 
 treme north to Mazatlan," to which many additions have since been made. 
 In the list f " Fluviatile Gasteropoda," also by W. G. Binney, " the letter W 
 distingui>hes those confined to the Pacific coast, WE is affixed to those 
 found in both sections of the continent, and M designates the Mexican 
 sjtecics. From the starting-point of this list considerable progress has 
 already been mjide. In the brief list of " Cyclades, by Temple Prime," the 
 Mexican and Central American species are similarly designated ; but the 
 western species and those common to the Pacific and Atlantic United States 
 are not distinguished. In the Ust of " Unionida;," by Dr. I. Lea, whose life- 
 long devotion to the elucidation of that family is everywhere gratefully 
 acknowledged, the Pacific species are designated by a P. The large series 
 
 • The ' Lectures on Mollusca,' in the Vol. for 1860, pp. 151-283, will perhaps be found 
 nsefiil as a digest of classical forms. It was to have been illustrated with copies of woodcuts, 
 kindly promised by Dr. Gray, and since placed at the disposal of the Smiths. Inst, by the 
 courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum ; but, unfortunately, the blocks were not 
 to be found at the time. They will appear, however, in forthcoming Smithsonian publi- 
 cations. The 'Lecture on the Shells of the Gulf of California,' in the Vol. for 1S.")9, 
 pp. 195-219, contains in a popular form much of the information distributed througli the 
 Brit. Mus. Mas:. Cat. 
 
 66 
 
ON MOLI.rsCA OF THE WEST COAST OF XOBTII AMERICA. 581 
 
 of 9pociincn!», representin"; varieties and ages, in Dr. Lea's private colleftion 
 tire well deserving of close study. Their owner shares the liljoiality of Mr. 
 Cuming in making them available for all purposes of seientitic in(juiry. 
 
 The Smiths. Inst, has just issued from the press the first jKirt of the 
 •liihliography of North American Conchology, previous to the year ISCO,' bv 
 W. G. Binney, containing references to all printed information on North 
 American shells by native writers. It is divided into " § A. American dcsci iji- 
 tions of North American moUascs ; § B. American descriptions of forei<in 
 molluscs ; § C. Descriptions of foreign species by American authors in foieign 
 ^vorks."' The work is prepared with unusual cure and completeness, and 
 with the accurate judgment which characterizes aU Mr. Hinucy's writings. 
 It contains, under every separate work or paper, " a list of species therein 
 described or in any important manner referred-to, together \vith their syno- 
 nymy, locality, and the volume, page, plate, and figure relating to them." 
 The second part, containing similar references to American species described 
 by European writers, is now passing through the press. Mr. liinney has 
 most kindly sent the proofs to the writer (as far as p. :i87), which have been 
 freely used in preparing this Report, and have supplied various important 
 Bourccs of information. It undertakes to pronde for the whole North American 
 continent what has been here attempted for the West Coast ; and in much 
 greater detail, as not only the first description, hut all subsequent quotations 
 are duly catalogued. It may be regarded as a complete index of references 
 to all works on North American malacology. The student, in making use 
 of it, will remember that it is only with the Pulraonates that Mr. Kinney 
 professes an intimate acquaintance. For these the work may be regarded as 
 complete. But, in other departments of the science, only those shells which 
 are assigned by the authors to North America are quoted ; consecjuently a 
 large number of species are passed-over which are truly American, but are 
 assigned to other places, or described without locality. Also, si)ecies really 
 belonging to other faunas, but falsely attributed to North America, duly 
 appear as though genuine ; and the additional localities frequently assigned 
 by the authors (which are often the real habitats) are seldom quoted. More- 
 over the citations stop at Mazatlan; consequent!}-, the tropical fauna of the 
 West Coast is but imperfectly represented. Lastly, the authors are not pre- 
 sented in chronological or indeed in any other ostensible order ; but it Ls pro- 
 mised that the necessary information will be given in the index on the com- 
 pletion of the work. The student will furtlier bear in mind that for many 
 reasons no second-hand reference can serve the same purpose as a consultation 
 of the original book. With these cautions the work will be found invaluable 
 by all who are engaged in working-out American species ; and great thanks 
 are due to Mr. Binney for undertaking the extreme labour of its com])ilaticn, 
 and to the Smiths. Inst, for supplying the expense of its publication, rroljably 
 no such work has yet been printed on the malacology of any other couiitiy. 
 
 Lastly, there is now in preparation a complete series of hand-books on 
 North American malacology, copiously illustrated Avith wood engravings, and 
 containing a digest of all that is known in each department. The marine 
 shells of the Atlantic are being described by Dr. Stimpson, who is now also 
 engaged in the dissection of the Freshwater Rostrifers ; the marine shells of 
 the Pacific are placed in the hands of the writer ; the Pulmonates will be 
 thoroughly worked-out by Mr. Binney, the Melaniada? by Mr. Tryon, and 
 
 67 
 
583 EEPORT — 18G3. 
 
 the Cycladidae by Mr. Prime. Thus it appears that the malacologists have 
 been unusually zealous in advancing their before somewhat slumbering study; 
 and that the Smiths. lust, has displayed unexpected liberality in preparing 
 and issuing from the press works of a comprehensive characier, for the " in- 
 crease and diffusion of" what will herealter be regarded as an important 
 branch of "knowledge among men." 
 
 94. Korth Pacific Exploring Expedition. — In the year 1853, Dr. W. 
 Stimpson, well known in very early life for his drodging-researches and ob- 
 servations on the marine apimals of the Atlantic coast, accompanied Captain 
 liingold as naturalist to the U. S. '* Xorth Pacific Exi)loring Expedition."' Its 
 principal object was to obtain more correct information with regaid to the 
 J.ipan seas and the extreme north of the Pacific, and it was only incidentally 
 that it %dsitcd the Californian province. However, Dr. Stimpson's extensive 
 djedgings in the fiords of Japan developed the interesting fact, that w hile tke 
 Boutheni shores presented a fauna essentially Indo-Pacific in its character, 
 and abounding in the \isual Cones, Cowries, Olives, «fec., the northern slopes 
 of the same islands presented an assemblage of forms far more analogous to 
 the fauna of the Sitka and Vancouver region, and containing many species 
 common to the American coast. Dui'ing the course of the voyage dredgiiig- 
 collectionst were made by Dr. Stimpson at Madeira, Cape of Good Hope, Sydney 
 Harbour, Coral Seas, Port Jackson, Hong Kong (also by Mr. Wright; New Ire- 
 land, Lieut. Van Wycke; Gasper Straits, Squires ; vicinity of Canton, presented 
 by Mr. Bowring ; interior of Hong Kong, Wright) ; China Sea ; Whamjwa ; 
 Bonin Island; Loo Choo Island; Ousima; Katonasima Straits; Kikaia; 
 Kikaisima ; Kagosima [alas I] ; Hakodadi ; Taniogesima (also Wright, Kent, 
 Kern, Boggs, Carter); Simoda; Niphon (also Brook); Arvatska Bay, Kamt- 
 schatka; Aminchechc Island, Avikamcheche Island, Behring Straits; Senia- 
 ^•ine Straits, Arctic Ocean (also Captain Ilogers); San Francisco; (Puget Sound 
 and Shoalwater Bay, Dr. Coojwr, Cat. no. 1849-1856); Tahiti (also Captain 
 Stephens, Kern), Hawaii (also Garrett; Sea of Ouhotsk, Captain Stevens). ll 
 these were duly catalogued, with stations, dci)ths, and other particulars, and 
 living animals preserAcd in spirits after being drawn. The expedition api)ear3 
 to have rctui-ned in 1856. Although Dr. Stimpson devoted his chief attention 
 to articulate anipaals, and molluscs occupied but a subordinate share of his 
 attention, it is safe to say that in this short period he collected more trust- 
 worthy species of shells, with localities, than were received at the Smiths. 
 Inst, from the united labours of the naturalists of Captain Wilkes's celebrated 
 expechtion. Through some unaccountable cause, certain of the most valuable 
 boxes were " lost " between Xew York and Washington ; the remainder were 
 placed in the hands of Dr. Gould for description, with the MS. catalogue, a 
 copy of which forms the " MoUusca, Vol. I.," nos. 1-2003, of the Smiths. 
 Mus. Fortunately, Dr. Gould embraced the opportunity to bring the un- 
 certain shells to London, and compare them with the Cumingian Collection. 
 
 t A fuller account of this expedition is here given than is justified from its contributions 
 to the W. American fauna, because no other int'oruiation respecting it is as yet available 
 to the malacological student. 
 
 68 
 
ON MOLLtJSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 583 
 
 iTins a large body of species, named from t>/pes, was prepared for the New 
 World ; but, unfortunately, through imperfect packing and the practice of 
 marking by numbers only, much of the value of this identification was lost. 
 The new species were described by Dr. Gould in the ' Boston rroe. Soc. Jsat. 
 Hist.,' 1859-18(51 ; and on completion of the series, the author collected 
 the papers embodying the new species of the two great scientific expeditions, 
 as well as his other scattered publications, and issued them in a most valuable 
 book, entitled 'Otia Conchologica: Descriptions of Shells and Molluscs, from 
 1839-18G2,' Boston, 1SC2 ; with ''llectitications," embodying such changes of 
 nomenclature and synonyms as he desired to represent his matured views. 
 In quoting Dr. Gould's writings, therefore, this table should always be con- 
 sulted. A considerable portion of the siwcimens have been returned to the 
 Smiths. Inst., of which the larger species are mounted in the collection, and 
 the smaller ones have been sent to the writer to compare with those collected 
 by Mr. A. Adams, which were unfortunately being described in the Londoa 
 journals almost simultaneously. The war has unhappily postponed the in- 
 tention of publishing the complete lists of species collected and identified with 
 80 mach accurate care. The following, however, have already been deter- 
 mined by Dr. Gould from the region in which American species occur. The 
 list is given entire (so far as identified), because species as j-et known only 
 on one coast of the North Pacific may hereafter be found on the other. It 
 contains (as in the comparison of the Caribbean and West Mexican fauna) 
 («) species certainly identical, {/>) probably identical, (c) '-interesting ana- 
 gues," and (d) representative forms. 
 
 B.I.Cat. no. 
 
 1203. Crepidtda hystryx, \nr, Kagosima Bav, Japan. Dead on shore. [^ = acideata, 
 
 Maz. Cat. no. 3:U.] 
 1319. Poronia rubra, Mont. Kagc-.ima Bay, Japan. [ Vide Maz. Cat. no. 154.] 
 
 Among sea-weeds and baraacles in 2nd and ;5i'd leve's; rocky sliore. 
 1339. Natica marochiensis [y maroccauu ; v. Maz. Cat. no. 570]. Kagosima Bay, 
 
 Japan. Dead on shore. 
 1344. Acnttea ? Sieboldi ; vi^ry avnr patina. Kagosima Bay, .Tapan. Rocks at l.w. 
 1351. Toririia varieijata, Lam. Kagosima Bay, Japan. [ Vide Maz. Cat. no. 484.] 
 
 Dead on shore. 
 1414. NasKa ffctnnwlata, Lam. [non C. B. Ad.l Kagosima Bay, Japan. 5 fm. sd. 
 1470. Acar \_Barbatia'\ f/radata, Brod. and Sby. Taaiogesiuia, Kagosima Bay, 
 
 Japan. [ Vitie Maz. Cat. no. 194.] Dead in ten fm. ; sand and shells. 
 407,470. Acar [liarbatiu'\ gradata, Brod. and Sby. l*ort Jackson. 
 1502. Lima squamosa, Lam. Tanicgesima, Japan. [ = Z. tetrica, Gld., teste Cuni.'^ 
 
 The remaining species from tliese localities are either local or belong to the 
 Philippine and Polpiesian fauna. At Simi da j?nd Hakodadi we enter on a 
 mixed fauna. 
 
 1574. IlaUotis discus^ Rve. Simoda and Hakodadi. Rocks at low water, four 
 fra. " Kamtschafhina seems to be the small growth of the same." [It is 
 locally abundant, liowever, on the West Coast; while discus has never 
 been found theve, and is much Hatter.] 
 
 1577. Lutraria [Schizot/Kfinis Nutta'li' '^'onr.] Hakodadi Bay. Eight fm. sand. 
 
 1579. Cythereapetechialis, i jam. Ilakoaadi Bay. 8and, 4th level. 
 
 1582. Tritonium l^Chrifsodomuii] antiquum,\jn. Hakodadi Bay (also Okhotsk and 
 Arctic Oc, 1779). Low-water mark and laminarian zone, on weedy rocks. 
 
 1585. Tritonium \_Prien(''\ Orryoneme, Red^". Hakodadi Bay. Dead on shore, 
 and in twenty fm. Also no. 1955. 
 
 158R. Ti'Uina liodfijensis, lids. Hakodadi Bay. Dead on shore. 
 
 15S!). Mt/a aretuiria, Ln. Hakodadi Bay. 
 
 1692. Mercenaria orienfa/is, Gld. [A West Atlantic type, probably =iZ. /S.'tmj)- 
 toni, Otia; p. 109.] Hakodadi Bay. Six fm. saud. 
 
 69 
 
584 REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 8.1. Cat. no. 
 
 1590. Vema riaidn, Old. [MS. non Old., Otia, p. 85,= Tapes, rar. Petitii. The 
 
 Japanese .shell is Adavisii, Rve., from type]. Hakodadi Bay. Fom- to 
 
 ten fni. sand. 
 
 The above occur in connexion with local and with diffused tropical species. 
 
 1601. Euthn'a ferrea, Hve. Simoda. Among' stones and pebbles, 3rd level. [Al- 
 most identical with the Cape Horn species, JE. phtmhva, I'hil.] 
 
 1030. Tritonium [Chrysodomits'] cassidarueformi.i, Rve. East Coast of Japan, lat. 
 37°, and Hakodadi. Twenty fm., black coarse sand. 
 
 1632. Ckit'm "largest" [? Cryptochiton Stelkri]. Hakodadi. On large stones 
 and under shelving rocks, low-water mark. 
 
 1634. Pecten, like { = '] Islandictis. Hakodadi. Ten fm. shell-sand. 
 
 1035. Sanguindaria Nuttallii,CouT., = decora, llAs. Hakodadi. " Possibly = -So/c- 
 tellina obscurata, Desh." Sand, low-water mark. 
 
 1637. Macoma lata, " Gmel. in Mu?. C\\\\\.,= calcarea, Chem. ,=prori>na. Brown, = 
 sordida, Co\ith.,= Suensoni, Mtirch." Hakodadi. 4th level, sandy mud. 
 
 1639. Litorina Grwrdandica, Chem. Hakodadi. liocks, 1st level. 
 
 1648. Cardium pseudofossde, J{ve., = blandum, Gld., perhaps = C'a/t/b>7Ji«JSJj<, Desh. 
 Hakodadi. Twenty fm. sand. 
 
 16.">1. Tfrebratulal^Waldheimia] Grayi, Desh. Hakodadi. Shelly gravel, 8-15 fm. 
 
 1005. Leda arctica, Brod. [=:1'. laiiceolata, J. Shy.^. Hakodadi. Sandy mud, 4-12 
 fm. Seniavine Str., 10-30 fm. 
 
 1674. DriUia inermis, Hds. Hakodadi. Shelly sand, 4-10 fm. 
 
 1700. PectenYensoensui, Jay. [Probably a var. of .4wi««JM»t cawnwMwi.] Hakodadi. 
 Weedy mud, 4 fm. 
 
 1702. Cardium (^Serripe^) Grwnlandicum. Awatska Bay, Kamtschatka. Mud, 
 
 12 fm. Also Avikamcheehe I.*., Behring Str., and Arctic Ocean. 
 
 1703. Yoldia thracHefortnis, Storer. Hakodadi. Mud, 12 fm. 
 
 1704. Mytihis edulis. Hakodadi. Also Avikamcheehe Is., Behring Str., and 
 
 Arctic Ocean. Low-water mark, and in 3rd and 4th levol. 
 
 1705. Cardium Calif ornietise, Desh. Hakodadi. Mud, 12 fm. [= no. 1048.] 
 1700. Mya truncata. Hakodadi ; also Avikamcheehe Is. Mud, 0-15 fm. Also 
 
 Arctic Ocean, in mud, .30 fm. 
 1708. Buccinum ylaciule. Hakodadi, and Straits of Seniavine, at Amincheche 
 Is., Behring Str. 
 
 1710. Tritonium \^Chrysodomus] antiqmim-\-deformis, Kve., and vars. Hakodadi 
 
 and Avikamcheehe Is. Gravel, 4 fm. 
 
 1711. Buccinum tortuosum, Jive., = ''calarif(/r7ne-\-\&TS. Straits of Seniavine. 
 
 1714. 3Iya ?arenaria. Hakodadi and Avikamcheehe Is. 
 
 1715. Bullia [Voluiharpa^,;»pullacea, Midd. Hakodadi. Gravel, 5-6 fm. 
 1710. Lanistes Icfviyata, (iiay ( = discnrs, Ln., teste Dkr. in Mus. Cum.). Mud, 
 
 20 fm. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean ; common, in nests, 30 fm. ; no. 17.">'.). 
 
 1717. Trichotropis multicaudaf a [y=Tr. coronata, Otia, p- 121: related to insiynit^ 
 
 Midd., teste A. Ad.]. Ilakodadi. Gnivelly nuid, 15 fni. 
 
 1718. [ip/jrfa] C(eca, var. concfufrica, Midd. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean. 
 
 1719. Trichotropiii bicarinata, Sby. Hakodadi. Not uucouimou iu laminarian zone. 
 
 Arctic Ocean ; common. 
 
 1720. Macoma proxima, Brown. Hakodadi; mud, 5-25 fm. Awatska Bay. 
 
 Arctic Gcean; common, no. 1727. 
 
 1721. Macoma cdcntuln, Brixi. and Sbv. Hakodadi. Avikamcheehe Is. 
 
 1722. Crvpidula yraiuii,i, Mii'd. Hakodadi. Ojthotsk, 15 fm. ; no. 2002. 
 
 1723. VenunJluctuoKa,(i\d.,\f^A\. ? = attartoidcx, Btii:k, ISiU. Hakodadi and Arctic 
 
 Ocean ; not uncommon. Mud, 5-10 fm. 
 
 1725. Carditn ( Actinobolus) borcalin, Conr. Avikamcheehe Is., Behring Straits; 
 
 nnid, 5-30 fm. Awatska Bay ; 10 fm. mud. Arctic Ocean ; common. 
 
 1726. Saricnva pholadin, lj., = ruff(>.ia + distorta. Avikamcheehe Is., Arctic Ocean. 
 
 Awatska Bay; on shells, &c. Lam. zone ; no. 1729. 
 1728. Margarita ob*curn, Couth. Awatska Bav, Kamtschatiia. Mud, 10 fm. 
 1732. Beln furrinda., Mont. Awatska Bay ; mud, 6-15 fin. Also beuia\ iiio Str^ j 
 
 BO. 17b2. 
 
 70 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 585 
 
 S.T.Cat. no. 
 
 17;W. Yoidia Ihnatiila, S&j. Awat'ka Ray and Arctic Oc. Mud, common, 5-20 fm. 
 
 1734. Natica clausa, 13rod. Awatska Bay. Mud, 5-15 fm. 
 
 17;5"). Yoldia mi/alis (or hi/perborea). Awatska Bay. Mud, 10 fm. 
 
 173(5. Leda ndnuta. Heniavine Str. ; Arctic Oc, near Behr. iStr. Mud and pebbly 
 
 sand, 15--j0 fm., coarse striae. 
 1737. Leda minuta, var. Ditto. Mud and pebbly sand, 5-20 fin., fine atriae. 
 
 1740. Modidaria corruyata. Ditto. Mud, m nests, 30 fm. 
 
 1741. Rhynchouella psittacea. Ditto. Gravel and sponges, 20-.?0 fm. 
 
 1742. Manjarita striata, Leach. Ditto. Shelly f^ravel, coranioii, 15-30 fm. 
 
 1744. Admete arctica, Midd. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. 
 
 1745. Admete liridida, Couth. Ditto. Gravel, 4 fm. ; mud, 10-30 fm. 
 
 1747. J'elidina haliotuidea. Ditto. Gravel, 10-25 fni. 
 
 1748. Margarita aryentata [Gld. In v. Mass.]. Ditto. Mu^, 30 fn-. ; Aolly, 15- 
 
 25 fm. 
 
 1749. Turritella (sp.), Mijjh. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. ; clean gravel, 4-20 fin. 
 
 1750. Trichutropis bicaritiata. Ditto. Pebbly mud, 5-G fm. 
 
 1751. Lunatia pallida, Brod. Ditto. Mud, 10-30 fm. 
 
 1752. Cylichna triticea, Couth. Ditto. Mud, 15-30 fm. 
 
 1753. Vehdina \_Moriilia] zonata [Gld. Inv. Mass.]. Ditto. On stones, T> fm. 
 
 1754. Nucida tenuis, Mont. Ditto. Mud, common, 20-30 fm. ; pebbly mud, 5-20 
 
 fm. Also Hakodadi ; sandv mud. 10 fm. ; no. 1687. 
 1750. Trophan clathratus, lAun. ' o. Mud, 20-30 fm.; gravel, 4 fm. 
 
 1757. LuHidia septentrionalis, Be* Ditto. Gravellji mud, common, 20 fm. ; 
 
 gravel, 4 fin. 
 
 1758. Aminda lestita, Sby. Ditto. Gravel, common, 10-40 fm. 
 
 1759. Scalaria Grcpidandica, Chemn. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. 
 
 1700. Lunatia pallidoides. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. 
 
 1701. Chrysodomus Islandicwi, Chemn. Ditto. 3Iud, .30 fm. 
 
 1702. Patella [Lepefa] Candida, Couth. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. 
 17''<3. Chiton albus, Lmu. Ditto. On shells in mud, 30 fm. 
 1705. ChryMidoinui Sv/iantariois, Midd. Ditto. Mud, 20-30 fm. 
 
 1770. Asfurte luctea, Br. and t^by. Arctic Oc. Mud, 30 fm. 
 
 1771. Pecten IslandicKs, Cht'inu., VAT. Arctic Oc. Mud, 30 fm. 
 
 1773. Huccinum ?undatiim ( probably bicarinate var. of ylaciaie). i\jctic Ocean, 
 
 1774. liuccinum Ytindatum, var. pelayica. Arctic Ocean. 
 
 1775. Buccintim ?Oehoteiise, Midd. Arctic Ocean. 
 
 1770. Buccinum anyidoiuni. Gray (=:ylaciale, var.). Arctic Ocean. 
 
 1777. Piwcimon '■! tenue. Gray. Arctic Ocean. 
 
 1778. Mnnyelia, like --implex, Midd. ^Vi-ctic Ocean. 
 
 1781. liela riifa, Mont. Seniavine Str. Pebbly mud, common, 5 fm. 
 
 1783. Turritella erom. Seniavine Str. Mud, iO-20 fm. 
 
 1784. Lj/onsia Xorveyica, (Miem. Seniavine Str. Pebbly mud, 5 fm. 
 
 1785. Trichotropis imiynis, Midd. Seniavine Str. Gravel, 10 fm. 
 
 Vi^'d. Beladecussata,CAmi\i.. Seniavine Str. Sandy mud, 10-20 fm. Also Awatska 
 Bay ; no. 1730. 
 
 1790. Yoldia mtialit, Couth. Seniavine Str. Mud, 10-20 fm. ; pebbly mud, 5 fm. 
 
 1791. Belli harpularia, Ct)uth. !'• bbly mud, 5 fm. 
 
 1793. Muryarita helirina, Fabr. Behring Str. Clean gravel and algte, 5 fin. 
 17iHj. Turtonia [? minut(t, Fabr.]. Behring Str. Common on sponges, 20-40 fm. 
 17!'8. Ijiinatia [Acrybia] apcrta, Lov. Kanitschatka. 
 17'.)9. Modiolarin niyra, Gray. Arctic Ocean. 
 
 1821. Chama l^bata [ = exoi/i/ra, Jay, non Cour.]. China Sea, west of Formosa, 
 Shell- gravel, 30 fin. 
 
 1836. Purpura eviaryinata, Desh. San Francisco. On rocks in 4th level. 
 
 1837. Litorinu plena, Gld. San Francisco. On rocks in 3r<l and 4th levels. 
 18.'$8. Acnuea textilis, Gld. San Francisco. On piles and rocks between tides. 
 
 1 8.386. Aemmi patina, Esch. San Francisco. On piles and rocks between tides. 
 
 1839. Cryptomya Californica, Conr. San Francisco. On sandv beaches. 
 
 1840. Mucimia nusida, Conr. »:>»ui Francisco. Conmion in saniJy mud, 1. w. 10 fm. 
 Is41. Caraium Xuttalliiy Cour. Haa Francis ,o. Common in sandy mud, L w. 10 fm. 
 
 71 
 
586 REPORT— 1863. 
 
 S.I.Cat. no. 
 
 1S43. Ml/film edulis, var. San Francisro. On rocks and gravel, 4th level. 
 
 1844. Mytilus Calif ormantis, Conr. Near entrance to San Francisco. Ou rocks 
 
 and prravel, 4th level. 
 
 1845. Tapes diversa, Sby. San Francisco Bay. Very common, low-water mark 
 
 [= V, stamiiwa, Conr., var., = V. mundulus, Rve. ; v. antea, p. 570]. 
 
 1846. Chiton [3Io])cdia~\ mmco'^us, Gld. Entrance of San Francisco Eay. Not 
 
 uncommon on rocks at low-water mark. 
 
 1847. Cri/pfodon [Schizotfieenui~\ NuttalUi, Conr., jun. San Franci.«co. One .<p. 
 
 1848. Macheera lucida, CoiiT. Sau Francisco. Common. [ = iV/. /;«<«/«, I'ortl.] 
 
 The shells brought back by the Expedition from Puget Sound and Shoal- 
 water Bay were collected by Dr. Cooper, whom Dr. Stimpsoii met at Saa 
 Francisco, and are not here catalogued, as they appear again in his own 
 collections, v. infra, par. 101. 
 
 1860. Lithophagiis cinnamomeus. China coast, lat. 2.3^°. Dead, 25 fm., sand. 
 l!t24. Ilelis tudiculata, Fin. Petal'mia, Cal.; under stems in open grove of scrub oak. 
 1D.56. Mi/tilus spkmdens, (ild. Ilai odadi Bay. Ro( '.s below tide-marks, com. 
 
 1957. Anomia olivacea, Old. Ilakod '.i Bay. On sliells or gravelly sand, lO fm. 
 
 1958. Cerastoma foUatmn, var. Bunuiai, Ad. and live. Hakodadi Bay and N. E, 
 
 part of Niphon. Low-water mark, on rocks and boulders. 
 
 1959. Haliotig Kaintschafkniiu, .Tona*. X. E. shore of Niphon. See no. 1574. 
 1!M30. Purpttra Freyciiu'ttii, Desh. X. E. shore of Niphon. Common on rocks. 
 1961. Purpura Fret/cinettiipvar. with muriciform lanu'llns. N. E. shore of Xiphon. 
 1967. Phiciinanomia macroschimna, Desh. West Coast of Josso. Gravel, 30 fm. 
 li)68. Tcrehratida pidvinata, Gld. Arctic Ocean. Gravel, .30 fm. 
 
 2'000. PunctureUa noachinu, Linn. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 20 fm. 
 2l>")l. Antarte lactea,Broii. mA^hy. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 20 fm. 
 2003. Tercbrafida f/lobosa, ham. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 36 fm. [Perhaps Ca/e- 
 fornica, Koch.] 
 
 The following, from among the new species described by Dr. Gould in his 
 ' Otia Couch.,' belong to the same province, and to forms which may be ex- 
 pected to appear on the northern shores of West America. Tliey were first 
 published in the Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., under the dates quoted : — 
 
 Otia.p. Boat. Proc.S.N.H. 
 
 109. 1859. June. Xatica severa, Gld., like heros, but with mnbilicus resembling 
 umfnsciata. Hakodadi, W. S. 
 Xatica riis:<a, Gld., like claiisa. Arctic Ocean, W. S. 
 Patella pallida, Gld. Hakodadi. On stones and gravel, 10 fm. 
 Patella grata, Gld. N. E. shore of Niphon. 
 Acnifca dormosa, Gld., like pafiiia, var. monticida [vionficolal, 
 Nutt. Hakodadi, on rocks of 2nd and 3rd lamin. zone. \\'. S. 
 Chiton ( Lcptoehiton) cn7icinnus, Gld., like albus, but with lines of 
 
 punctures. Hakodadi, W. S. 
 Chiton (Acaufhochates) achates, Gld. Kikaia, Hakodadi, AV. S. 
 Chiton (Mnlpalia) Stimpnoni, (Md., like Blainiillvi, without an- 
 terior radiating lines. [" On stones, clean bottom. 25 fm., 
 and under stones and rocks, low- water mark." — Smiths. Cat. 
 no. 1646. Not to be confounded with M. Simpsoni, Gray.] 
 Hakodadi, W. S. 
 120. 1800. Sept. Terebratula [? JValdheiinia'] tratmwrsa, Gld., like Griyi, with 
 shorter internal supports : [==Grayi, teste A. Ad.] Hakodadi, 
 W. S. 
 120t „ II Terebrntella miniata, Gld., like Zelandica. Apophyses united 
 
 to central crest. [= Waldheiinia Koreanica, Ad. and live., 
 teste Kve. from type. " On pebbles, clean bottom, 30 fm." 
 Smiths. Cat. 1597.] Hakodadi, W. S. 
 12JJ, J, I, iWywcAo/M'Wa /w«V/rt, Gld. ; in aspect like 7'. riVrprt. jur. 
 
 YSi» n n Tricliotropi'i (I))hinoe) eoronata, Gld. ; like T. ciliata, Kri!g«r. 
 
 Straits of Semiaviue, Arctic Ocean, 20 fm. mud. W. S. 
 
 72 
 
 109, 
 115. 
 115. 
 115. 
 
 „ Dec, 
 n » 
 » ft 
 
 117. 
 
 » » 
 
 118. 
 118. 
 
 1859. Dec. 
 
123. 
 125. 
 
 
 
 lU. 
 
 t» 
 
 Oot. 
 
 l.-i3. 
 
 1861. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 154. 
 
 » 
 
 » 
 
 154 
 
 J} 
 
 yf 
 
 159. 
 
 }} 
 
 jj 
 
 162. 
 
 » 
 
 » 
 
 162. 
 
 » 
 
 » 
 
 162. 
 
 ;) 
 
 » 
 
 163. 
 
 n 
 
 » 
 
 163. 
 
 » 
 
 » 
 
 164. 
 
 )f 
 
 )> 
 
 165. 
 165. 
 165. 
 
 
 ft 
 )) 
 
 165. 
 167, 
 
 » 
 
 
 ON MOLIXSCA OP THE TVKST COAST OP XORTH AMERICA. 587 
 
 Otia.p. Bost. Proc. S.X.H. 
 
 122. 1800. 8ept. lincciiium Stimmoni, Old. ; like undatHtn, but quite distinct. 
 Avikaiucheclie Is., Behrinjjr Str., W. S. Arctic Ocean, Rod- 
 ffcrs. [ Not i?. Stimjuonuimnn, C. B. Ad.] 
 
 Ncptunea (Sipho) tcrehralis, Gld. ; like Icclandica. Arctic Oc 
 
 Trophon ineomptm, Ctld. ; like crassuj<. Hakodadi, AV. S. 
 
 Bcla ttn-f/ida, (ild. Kamtschatka, W. S. 
 
 Murf/arifit I'unt/tina, (ild. ; like Schantan'ca. Arctic Ocean. 
 
 Mart/arita ulbula, Old. ; like an overgi'own arttiva. ^Vrctic 
 Ocean., AV. S. 
 
 3Iiin/nritti nm«telina, Gld. Hakodadi ; low water, AV. S. 
 
 (iibbula rcclimita, Old.; like nivom, A. Ad. Hakodadi, W. S. 
 
 Ljiomia veiitricom, Gld. ; shorter than Xorayira. I lakodadi, 
 2-0 fui., sandy mud, W. 8. \J' 2 = xaviciila, jiin." A. Ad.] 
 
 Liioiiiiiti ( Pandorimi) Jlabellata, Gld. ; like arenosa. Arctic 
 Ocean, W. S. 
 
 Theora lubricu, Gld. Hakodadi ; common in mud, G fm., AV. S. 
 
 Ptinopcea fniffilii, Cild. Hakodadi, W. S. 
 
 Panopcea ?(/enerosa, var. sayrinata. Awatska Bav, Kamts- 
 chatka, W. S. [" Epidermis projects ^ in., aa in (Hycimeriu 
 Mud, 12 fm." Smiths. Cat. 1701.] 
 
 Corbula vemista, Gld. Hakodadi, 5-8 fm., shellv sand, W. S. 
 
 Solen strictus, Gld. ; like cwtunts. Hakodadi, W. 8. 
 
 Solen gracilis, (ild. [non Phil.] Hakodadi, sandy beaches, "W. S. 
 
 Macha-ra sodalis, Old. ; like contata. Hakodadi, W. 8. 
 
 ISolemyaptmUa, Old.; like velum. Hakodadi, 5 fm., nmd, W.S. 
 
 Tellina lubrica, Old. ; like/e/ix aMil fubayella . Hakodadi, 6 fm., 
 s.andy mud, W. S. 
 
 168. „ „ Saxidomus anitiis, Gld. ; like V. maxima, Phil. San T'rancisco. 
 
 [ Described as 4-5 in. lonfr, yet] smaller than Xuttollii. [" Opea 
 bays at Sir F. Dra]^e"s ; f. w., sand." Smiths. Oat. 1842.] 
 
 169. ff „ Venus {Mercenari(i) ISfiJiipsoni, Gld. ; like the Atlantic forms. 
 
 Hakodadi. fm., W. S. 
 
 170. „ „ Mi/m'u (lyii/iia) u.if a, Gld. ; Yike a.n A-sf arte. Hakodadi, 8 fm., 
 
 sandy mud, W. S. 
 173. „ Apr. Montarata diran'rata. Old. Hakodadi, on .S)w/r.,-.»7v<t-spines.'\V. S. 
 175, ff y Ntieula {Aci/a) imit/nis, Old.; like mirabiUs: [idcnticHl, tfste 
 
 A. Ad.] E. .Japan, lat. 87°, and Hakodadi, W. S. [" 20 fm. 
 
 black coarse sand." — Smiths. Cat. 1028.] 
 177. ,) „ 3Iytilux corttxciix. Old.* Hakodadi ; common on rocks between 
 
 tide-marks, W. S. [?=M. .•^plendeiis., no. li'oO.] 
 177. „ „ Pecten Itetiis, Old.; resembles generally P. .vtudoriiis, is still more 
 
 like P. [Anumum'l c<mri»»s. Hakodadi, sludlv uiud, 10 tin., 
 
 W. S. [Non P. hftus. Old., in U. S. Expl. Exped. Shells, 
 
 Otia, p. Oo, = P. Dit'ffenbachii, Gray, teste Cmnin<r.] 
 95. The United States Expedition to Japan, under Commodore M. C. Perry, 
 1852-4, was not undertaken for scientific purposes ; and no special provir.ioa 
 wa-s made either for collecting or describing objects of natural histoiy. A 
 large number of shells, however, were obtained, and identified by Dr. Jay of 
 New York. In Vol, II. of the ' Narrative of the Expedition, itc' ( Washing- 
 ton, 1856, pp. 289-297) is given a list of Japanese shells, with descriptions and 
 figures of the (siipposed) new species. The following are related to the mol- 
 luscs of the West Coast t. Specimens of the most important may be seen 
 in the Cumingian Collection. 
 
 * The M. mufabilis, dopcribod on the same page from Kagosima, ia a Sepiifer; it is pre- 
 Bumcd that the learned author did not open a specimen. 
 
 t The student should al?o coiipidt, for related forms, tho ' Mollusea Japonica ' by Dr. 
 \V. Dunker, Stuttgart, 1861 ; — like all the other works of the same author, most ruhinbU 
 for the pati.'ut care, accurate judgment, and enlui'gcd experience displayed ; but relating 
 chiefly to the subliopical iJortieu of the fauna. 
 
 73 
 
Page. 
 
 21>2. 
 
 PI. 
 1. 
 
 Fir. 
 
 7,10. 
 
 292. 
 
 1. 
 
 8,9. 
 
 293. 
 
 295. 
 295. 
 
 It 
 
 5. 
 6. 
 
 1,2. 
 
 3,4. 
 10,17. 
 13,15. 
 
 296. 
 296. 
 296. 
 
 
 
 296. 
 296. 
 29ft 
 
 
 
 583 REPORT— 1863. 
 
 Mya Japonica, n. s. Volcano Bay, Is. Yedo. Closelv related 
 
 to 3/. arenaria : [identical, teste A. Ad.]. 
 Psmntuohia olirarm, n. 8. Bay of Yedo. [Nearly allied to 
 
 Hiatida Nuttalli.'] 
 Pectin Yessoensis, n. 8. Hakodadi. [Resembles Amvuium 
 
 caunnum, Gld.] 
 Purjmra scptcntrionalis, Rve. [=-?*■ cri^pata, var.] ? Japan. 
 ?Iiul/ia Ptrri/i, n. s. Bay of \edo, one sp. dredjred. [= Volut- 
 
 harpa ampulUicva, Midd.l 
 Venentpis Nuttalli, Conr. {^Saxidonms]. Japan. 
 Tellina secta, Conr. Japan. 
 Tapes decmsata, Ln. [Probably T, Petitii, var. or Adanisiu 
 
 Japan.] 
 Ostrea borealis, Ln. Japan. 
 lanthina commidds, Lam. Japan. 
 lanthiiia pruloiiyuta, Blainv. Japan. 
 
 96. At the time that Dr. Gould was describing Dr. Stimpson's Japanese 
 eheUs in the Boston Proc. Ac. X. S., Mr. A. Adams, ll.X., one of the leainod 
 authors of the * Genera of Recent Mollusca,' was making extensive and accu- 
 rate dredgings in the same seas. The new genera and species have been and 
 are being published, in a series of papers, in the Ann. »!k Mag. Nat. Hist, and 
 in the Proc. Zool. Soc, preparatoiy to an intended complete work on the 
 mollusc-fauna of the Eastern Xorth Pacific. The collections of Mr. Adams 
 have already displayed the Japanese existence of several species, astSiphoiuilia 
 Ki'Uettii, Solen fiicariiis, IlomdJopinna sdiiijuimaitt, &e., before supposed to be 
 peculiar to the West coast. Unfortunately for our present purpose, while 
 the comparison of specimens was going on, Mr. Adams was unexpectedly 
 called to service on board H.M.S. ' Majestic,' and was obliged to pack up his 
 collections. Enough has been ascertained, however, to prove that it will be 
 unsafe henceforth to describe species from either coast AWthout compaiisou 
 with those of the opposite shores. 
 
 97. Fadjic Hail road liejiorts. — As it is necessary, in studying any fauna, 
 to make comparisons far round in space, so it is essential to travel far back 
 in time. The fullest aecoimt of the fossils of the AVest Coast of America is 
 to be found in the ' Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad Route from the 
 Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean,' which form ten thick quiirto volumes, 
 copiously illustrated with plates, and published by the U.S. Senate, Wash- 
 ington, 1856 *. The natural-history department was conducted under the 
 superintendence and with the aid of the Smithsonian Institution ; and science 
 is under special obligations to Prof. Spencer S. Baird, the Assistant Secre- 
 tary, for his Reports on the Vertebrate Animals. It would hardly be ex- 
 pected in Europe that the best resume of the zoologj-, the botany, and the 
 geology of the vast region between the Great American desert and the Pacihc 
 should be found in a railroad survey. Unfortunately, it has not been the 
 custom to advertize and sell the valuable documents piinted at the cxi>en.so 
 of the U. S. Government, in the ordinary channels of trade. Thej* often become 
 the perquisites of the members of Congress, and through them of the various 
 em/>loi/es, by whom they are transferred to the booksellers' shelves. The 
 fifth volume of the series is devoted to the explorations of Lieut. Williamson ; 
 the second Part contains the Report by W. P. Blake, geologist and minoro- 
 logist of the expedition. In the A])pendix, Art. II., are found " Dosciip- 
 tious of the Fossil Shells," by T. A. Conrad. They were first pubhshed in the 
 
 • This extremely costly and valuable assemblage of documents was selling ia Wailuiig* 
 ■on, in 186U, at i;5 sterling the set. 
 
PUte. 
 
 "f: 
 
 No. 
 
 JI. 
 
 1. 
 
 » 
 
 2. 
 
 2. 
 
 » 
 
 3. 
 
 3. 
 
 l> 
 
 4. 
 
 4. 
 
 W 
 
 6. 
 
 6. 
 
 »» 
 
 10. 
 
 7. 
 
 u 
 
 ti. 
 
 8. 
 
 >» 
 
 7. 
 
 9. 
 
 *> 
 
 7. 
 
 10. 
 
 tt 
 
 8. 
 
 11. 
 
 » 
 
 12. 
 
 1± 
 
 » 
 
 9. 
 
 l.J. 
 
 » 
 
 13. 
 
 14. 
 
 M 
 
 11. 
 
 15. 
 
 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 589 
 
 'Appendix to the Preliminary Geological Report,' 8vo, "Washinnrton, 1855. 
 They are divided into, 1. " Eocene," and II. " Miocene and Recent Forma- 
 tions." 
 
 I. Eocene (all from Canada de las Uvas *). 
 
 Cardinm linfcum, Conr., n.s. Allied to C. NicoUeti, Cour. 
 
 Jtiisiiiiii a/ffi, Conr., n.s. 
 
 Meretnx Urnsiiiui, Conr., n.s. 
 
 Mt-retiix Cnlit'oniittiia, Conr., n.s. Allied to M. Poulsoni, Conr. 
 
 Cra^xafcHa Vitt<aim, Conr., n.s. 
 
 Cra^snlrlffi (il'n, Conr., n.s. In small fragments, but abundant, 
 a-i lit Claiborne. Al. 
 
 Mjiiihis /iiiiticrin, Conr., n.s. 
 
 Civditn planic'Ktn, Lam., = Venerirardia ascta, Rogers. First 
 disnnvereil in .Maryland in 1829, by Conr. ; occurs abundantly 
 in Md., Va., AL, and i« quite as characteristic of the Ameri- 
 can as of tlip European Eocene period. 
 
 Kt'ticd rofifts. Conr., 18-"{3. 
 
 N(('irii'tiiihJ,osii, htia., l6S'S, or N. seniilunata, Lea; also found at 
 Claibornt', Al. 
 
 Xiifira nlrciifii, ( 'onr., n.s. 
 
 l^Kfritdid l'.(i<an(i. Conr., n. s. Allied to T. ohruta, Conr., = 7'. 
 Uncatd, L<'a. from Claiborne, Al. 
 
 Volutatithe-i \^'rl'iili(tilit/ies] Californiana, Com., n.s. Resembles 
 r. Say ana, Conr. 
 
 ?Biisi/ri»i li'alci, Conr., n.s. 
 
 Clavdtiihi Va!i ornica, Conr., n.s. Allied to C. prontta, Conr., of 
 Claiborne Eocene. 
 
 II. Miocene awl Recent Formations (from various localities). 
 
 in. 15. 10. Cardium mo Minn, Conr., n.s. San Diego. [May be Ilemicar- 
 iliiiin hiatKjuhtum, jun.] 
 „ 19. 17. Nucitlu (ii'cisa, Conr., n.s. Resembles K. dtvaricata of the Ore- 
 gon Miocene. [Closely allied to N. castreum, Sec, but too im- 
 perfect to determine.] San Diego. 
 111. 16. 18. Corbula Dii-i/oaiia, Conr., U.S. San Diego. 
 
 Merdrix laiiotneris, Conr., n.s. Morterey Co. 
 3Ieretrix dirisn, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. 
 
 Mvretrix Tula rtia, Conr., n.s., [in list, "Tiihrann^^ in text]. 
 Erom ft bou'.uer in Tulare Valley. [Comp. Tapes t/racilis, (Ud-I 
 Trlfimt l)i>f/i>(i)in, Conr., n.s., San Diego. 
 
 TvUiiia niHj/c-tfa. Conr., n.s. [Appeitrs a TIeterodonax, allied to 
 bimaeulata, Lam.] Abundant at Monterey, Carmello, and San 
 Diego. 
 Telfina Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [?= T. gemma, Gld.] Recent 
 f<irmation. San Pedro. 
 ,, 29. 25. Arc'i mlrrodimtn, Conr., n.s. Resembles A. arata, Say, of the 
 Maryland Miocene. Miocene, ? Tulare Valley. 
 
 • The existence of Eocene strata on the Pacific slope is ascertained by a single boulder 
 of very hard sandstone, wliich, tliouj;h very small, furnished fifteen species. Of tliese, 
 three correspond with forms from Claiborne, Alabama ; and the " finger-post of the 
 Eocene " appears in its usual abundance. Mr. Conrad characterizes the specimens as 
 " beaut ifulU' perfect ;" wliieli would not have been supposed from his descripticns and 
 figures. They " seem to indicate a connexion of tlie Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during 
 the Eocene period ;" and tl'.e author ex])ects tiiat " wlien the rock sliall have been disco- 
 vered and invi'stifrate.l in situ, fresh forma will be obtained, with which we : i ah'cady 
 fawihur iu ea;!U.'ru localities." 
 
 76 
 
690 REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 Plnte Fie. No 
 
 IV. .'U. 20. Tapes dirersum, Sbv. [=T<ippx sfamiiun, Conr., TJir. Pififti, 
 (III. intext). Desh.] Kftent formation. San I'edru. 
 
 III. 25. 27. 'Saxicara afini/iia, Conr., n.s. [Probably the shortened farm of 
 
 Pcfrico/d ranfitoidcs, Conr.] Ilecent formation. San I'imIvo. 
 ff 24. 28. I'etricula PednHiua, Conr., n.s. [Allied to P. vetUricosa, 1)l's1i.J 
 lifcent formation .Sau Pedro. 
 
 IV. 33. 29. Schizothcenis yiit1(dli,Com.,''n.a:'^Tresiiscapax,G\&. Recent 
 
 formation. San Pedro. 
 III. 23. 30. fLufran'a Traskci, Conr., n.s. [Not improbably = Saxidomiis 
 Xidfallii, {.'out., ^UQ.^ !-'Miocene. Cannello. 
 
 V. 45. 31. Muctra DicyiHina, Conr., n.s. Like M. allniria, of the Oregon 
 
 Miocene. [Resembles MuUntu an(julata,ijrAy.~\ J" Miocene. 
 San Diego. 
 
 „ 35. ,32. 3Iodio/a coidracf a, Conr., n.s. [Very like Jf. rec^a, ^onr.] ?Mio- 
 eene. Monterey Co. Recent formation. 
 
 „ 40. 33. Mytilus Pcdrvanus, Conr., n.s. [Probably = 3/. edulis, jun.] 
 Recent formation. San Pedro. 
 
 ,, 41. 34. Pecten Desciii, Conr., n.s. [I{e.«embles P. circularis.'] Mio- 
 cene. Cjirrizo Creek, Colorado Desert. 
 
 f, 34. 3'5. Anoiuia .mhcjutafa, C<>r)r.,n.>*. \y = Placunanomia m(croschisma.'\ 
 Miocene. Coloratlo Desert. Allied to A. Ptiflim. 
 
 ff 30-38. 30. Odrea venpeiiitia, Conr., n.s. [Resembles O. lurida, var.] Mio- 
 cene. Colorado l>esert. Like O. suhfulcata, Conr. 
 37. Odrea Ileeniiuiini, Conr., n.s. Colorado Desert. 
 
 „ 43. 3S. Priiittlla spvlmi, Conr., n.s.* Recent formation. San Pedro. 
 
 „ 44. 39. Fmurclla crenidaki, Sby. \_ = Lucuj)iiia c] Recent formation. 
 San Pedro. 
 VI. 52. 40. CrepuUda princepg, Conr., n.s. [= C. grandis, Midd.] Recent 
 formation. Santa Barbara. 
 
 V. 39. 41. Xarica IJieyoann, Ccmr., n.s. ? Miocene. San Diego. 
 
 „ 42. 42. Tntrhifu Diet/oaufi, Voni:, n.s. [Like T. vetitncosa ; but may be 
 Go ferns contort Hs.] •'Miocene. San Diego. 
 
 „ 40. 43. CrKcibidK?n .'ipinnstim, Conr., n.a.f Recent fonnation. San Diego. 
 VI. 49. 44. Xa.ssa iHterstriata, Conr., n.s. [=iV". meudica, Gld.J. Recent 
 fomiation. San Pedro. 
 
 „ 48. 45. NaxHi Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [Comp. Amycla gmisapata and it3 
 congeners.] J Recent fornia<^ion. San Pedro. 
 
 „ 51. 40. Strephona Pedroana, Com., n.s. [Comi^. Olivelia beetica.'] Recent 
 formation. San Pedro. 
 
 „ 50. 47. Litorhia Pedroana, Com., n.s. [ = i. ^)fc/ja, Gld.] Recent forma- 
 tion. San Pedro. 
 
 f, 47. 48. Stramonita pefrosa, Conr., n.8. [Is perhaps Monoceros lugubre.'\ 
 ? — . Tulare Valley. 
 
 * Mr. Conrad regards the " coriaceous cup as chBracteristic of the genus." It appears 
 a subgenus of Pho I ad idea, diffLTing m the form ot the plate. Mr. Tryou, "Men. Pho- 
 lad.," p. 66, restricts it to the Penitella penita, wliich (according to liis di&gnosis) has 
 one central and two anterior dorsal plates. The closely related P. m^oidea he leaves in 
 the original genus, as having " two dorsal accessory valves," although he allows that " its 
 position cannot be accu; itely determined on account of the loss of its dorsal valves." 
 Conrad's fossil has the shape of P. ovoidea ; but although he says that it is " widely dis- 
 tinct" from P. penita, I am unable to separate it from the ovoid form of that species, 
 which will be found in the Smitlisonian series. 
 
 t This is certainly Sowerby's species, to which Conrad gives a doubting reference. In 
 Uie text he gives it as " fpinosum, Conr.," in his table marking it as " nov. sp." 
 
 * Conrad compares A*, intemtriata to N. trivittata,S&y, and N. Pedroana toN. lunata, 
 Say.and states that the two Atlantic species ai-e "associated with each other both in the sea 
 and in the Miocene deposits of Virgima and Maryland." As the two correlative speciea 
 are fo'ind tot^ether, hving and fossil, on the Pacific iide, tliere is presiunptive evidence for 
 their Imvmg desceudeu from a cuuimon atocii. 
 
 76 
 
>> 
 
 63. 
 
 61. 
 
 vu 
 
 57. 
 
 62. 
 
 }f 
 
 67. 
 
 63. 
 
 Jf 
 
 62. 
 
 64. 
 
 w 
 
 69. 
 
 55. 
 
 50. 
 
 JJ 
 
 72. 
 
 57. 
 
 viir. 
 
 73. 
 
 58. 
 
 )} 
 
 76. 
 
 6S. 
 
 }} 
 
 75. 
 
 60. 
 
 }j 
 
 77. 
 
 61. 
 
 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 591 
 
 P.»t«« Fig. No. 
 
 VI. 64. 41). fGrnti'lupia mactrn/m's, Cnnr., n.s. [? = D(>nax ptmctatnxtn'atun.l 
 
 i'Mioceue. Isthmus of Darien. Itesembles G. JJydeana,CoixT. 
 
 P^ocene. 
 u 55. 50. Mcretru: Darienn, Conr., n.s. [Comp. CycUna subquadrata.'\ 
 
 I' .Miocene. Isihimis of Darien. 
 Tellina Dnru'na, Conr., n.s. PMiocene. Isthmus of Darien. 
 Natica Ori>i/nna, Conr., n.s. [Marked 51 on plate : err.] Ocora 
 
 or I'ose Cri't'k. 
 Natica (/enivulafa, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. Resembles iV. 
 
 aireata. 
 Jinlldjuffularis, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. 
 rUurototna tran^moiitana, Conr., n.s. [Marked 60 on plate : err. 
 
 Closely resembles Chrysodumus dims, Kve.J Ocoya Creek. 
 rL'urotoma Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. [Omitted in the text.] Oco^a Cr. 
 Syrtopus [Ficula ] Ocoynnm, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. 
 Turritella Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. 
 i'ohts arctatits, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. 
 Tilliiia Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. 
 Pecteti Xeradanwi, Cour., n.s. Very like iV. IIumphrey4iy 5lA»y- 
 
 land, Miocene. Ocoya Creek. 
 TX. S3. 62. Pecteii caldliforniis, Conr., n.s. Very like P. Madisonius, Say, 
 
 \'irgiuia, Miocene. Ocoya Creek. 
 
 The follo\nng species are not described in the text, but quoted in the list. 
 ride p. '&20 :— 
 
 Cardiiim, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek. 
 
 Area, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek. 
 
 t>olen, .sp. ind. Ocoya Creek. 
 
 Dosinia, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek. 
 
 Venu<, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek. 
 
 Cythiyea rdccisa, Conr. Ocoya Creelc 
 
 Ostrea, sp. ind. San f^emando. 
 
 Pectcit, sp. ind. San Fernando. 
 
 Turritdla biseriata, Conr., Pn.s. San Fernando. 
 
 Trochus, sp. ind. Benicia. 
 
 Tiirn'h'/la, sp. ind. Benicia. 
 
 liuccinum ^interxtn'atum. San PedrO: 
 
 Aiiodonta Calif ornie)ms, Lea. Colorado Desert. 
 
 Mr. Conrad, than whom there is no higher authority for American Tertiary 
 fossils, considers the age of the Eocene boulder ascertained ; and that " the 
 deposits of Santa Barbara and San Pedro represent a recent formation, in 
 which {teste Blake) the remains of the Mammoth occur: and the shells indi- 
 cate little, if any, change of temperature since their deposition." But he 
 acknowledges that the intermediate beds are of uncertain age. Those on 
 Carrizo Creek he refers to the Miocene, some characteristic sjMJcies being 
 either identical with the Eastern Miocene or of closely relpted forms. In 
 addition to the species tabulated in this Report, he quotes, as ha^^ng been 
 collected in California by Dr. Heermann, " Mereenaria perlaminosa, Conr., 
 scarcely differing from M. DucateUi, Conr. ; and a Cemoria, Pandora, and 
 Cardita of extinct species, closely analogous to Miocene forms." The casta 
 from Ocoya Creek were too friable to be preserved, and are figured and de- 
 scribed from Mr. Blake's drawings ; these also are regarded as Mio(:;ene. The 
 San Diegan specimens are too imperfect for identification ; they are referred 
 to the Miocene by Conrad, but may perhaps be found to belong to a lat«r 
 
 • Several fossils are figured in plates vii. and viii., to which no reference is made in the 
 text. It is unsafe to conjecture the genus to which many of them belong, but it i» pro- 
 turned that they relate to the indeterminate species here quoted. 
 
 77 
 
 u. 
 
 ?78. 
 
 63. 
 64. 
 
 t* 
 
 ?80. 
 
 65. 
 
 ff 
 
 r8l. 
 
 66. 
 
 }y 
 
 P79. 
 
 67. 
 68. 
 60. 
 70. 
 71. 
 
 n. 
 
 ?58. 
 
 72. 
 
 » 
 
 ?o!). 
 
 73. 
 
 » 
 
 ?7I. 
 
 74. 
 
 
 • 
 
 75. 
 
893 iiEPORT — 18G3. 
 
 a^c. The typos of these spoHes in the Smithsonian Museum a, ^'•n, t.^o im- 
 perfect to determine specitically with any confidence ; and by no nleaIl^ ii. « 
 suitable condition to allow of important conclusions being drawn from them. 
 98. The third article in the Appendix to the same volume of Kejiorts 
 contains a " Catalogue of the Recent Shells, with Descriptions of the New 
 Pjiecics," by Dr. A. A. Gould. The specimens were (apparently) in the hands 
 of Dr. Gould for examination when he prepared the MS. for the first Report; 
 and some of them were included in the "Mexican War Collections," B. A. 
 Report, pp. 227, 228. " The freshwater shells were collected in the Colorado 
 desert and other localities ; the land and marine shells between San Francisco 
 and San Diego." The following is the hst of specie? as determined by Dr. 
 (.'ould, pp. ;330-33(). The specimens belong to the Smithsonian Institution, 
 where a large portion of thcTu were fortunately fh'scovered and verified. 
 They were collected by W. P. Blake, Esq., and Dr. T. H. Webb. 
 
 Plate. Fig. No. 
 
 1. 0.<frfa, sp. ind. Parasitic on twigs ; thin, radiately lineated with 
 
 brown. [ = 0. cmwhanfii'la, CTpr.'\ Another species, elongated, 
 solid, allied to Viri/inica [rar. rufoidei]. San Diego. 
 
 2. Pecten motiotinien'g, C'onr. San Diego. 
 
 8. Pecten veidricosm, Shy. ,+tumi(his, Sby. [Dead valves, of the 
 form (eqiiisulcatiis.! San Diego. 
 
 4. Mf/iilmiedulU [ = M. trosulu^, Gldi.y ante(l\. San Francisco. 
 
 5. Modiola rapajr, Conr. San Die<ro. 
 
 G. Venus Xuttullii, Conr. \_=V. guccincta, Val.] San Pedro. 
 
 7. Venus fliictifriif/a, Sby. San Diego. 
 
 8. Ta/)es ffrata, Say,= t. discors, Sby., "zsstraminea, Conr."* San 
 
 Pedro. 
 
 XL 19,20. Q. Tape i ffracilis, Cxld., U.S. Prel. Hep. 1855. [Quite distinct from 
 every other 7'«;>«s known from the coast. It is supposed by 
 Dr. Cooper to be the young of Saxidomm aratu<, wliich in 
 shape and pattern exactly accord with the figure nnd diagnosis. 
 But the " Tapis" is figured without sculpture. The shell was 
 not found at the Smiths. Inst.] San Pedro, Blake. 
 10. Cyclas, sp. ind. Colorado Desert. 
 
 XT 21,22. 11. Cardimn cncentahnn, Gld., n.s. I'rel. Rep. 1855. [P. Z. S. 18.-)G, 
 
 S201,= C'. substriatum, Conr.] San Diego. [San Pedr-.-, 
 lake, in text.] 
 
 12. Lucina orbella, Gld. [ = " Mi/sia (^Spkarella) ttimida" Conr.] ShE 
 
 Pedro. 
 
 13. Lucina Nidtalln, Conr. San Pedro. 
 
 14. Mewdesma frubrotincfa, Sby.t San Pedro. 
 
 15. Tellina ricina, C. B. Ad. [Dead specimens of = Heterodotiax 
 
 (" Psnmmobia,'^ var.) Pacifica, Conr.] San Diego. 
 
 16. Tellina secta, Conr. San Pedro. 
 
 17. S!)fi(sniti \_C'ryi)tomya'\Californica, Conr. San Diego. 
 
 18. Petricola carclitoides,ConT.,=ci/lindracea,Desh. Monterey; San 
 
 Pedro. 
 
 19. Solcairtus Califomiensis, Conr. San Diego. 
 
 20. Gnnthodon lA'contii, Conr., = G. tnffotMm,Vetit. Colorado Desert. 
 
 [Leconiei is probably the large Texan species: trt</omts=meH' 
 dicus is a very distinct shell from Mazatlan.] 
 
 * Neither Dr. Gould, nor Conrad himself, in his later geological writings, appears to 
 have called to mind the true T. staminea, to which the Smithsonian shells belong. It is 
 the northern representative of T. grata, but quite distinct : v. synonymy under Ven%t 
 Petitii=:riffida, pars. 
 
 f- No " Mesodesma " was found among the shells returned to the Smithsonian Institu- 
 tion, nor has any been heard-ot from the coast. Dr. Gould's shell may have been Semel4 
 pulchra, which was in the collection. 
 
 78 
 
OV MOLLl'SCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5D3 
 
 fUte. Fig. No. 
 
 21. Loltia scahra, Gld. [non Nutt., V\.\e.:iBspectrutn, Xutt., Rve.] San 
 
 Francisco. 
 
 22. Lottia patina, Esch. San Pedro. 
 
 23. Scurtia pallida, (Jirsi\,= Lottia mitra, Brod. [= Scitn-ia mitra, 
 
 Eflch.,= Z. cimica, (ild., aiitea.]^ San I'edro. 
 
 24. Cali/ptrtea hispida, lirod. 1= Cnicibitlum spinomm, Sb}'.] San 
 
 Pedro ; San Diego. 
 
 25. Crepidula i'«CT«na, lirod." San Pedro. 
 20. Bulla nehulom, Gld. San Dij<ro. 
 
 27. Bulla (^Uaminea) virescem, Shy. Sr.n Diogo. 
 XI. 29. 28. Bulla {Ilamima) vesicula, Gld\, n.t*. IVel. Ptep. IS.").'). [P. Z. S. 
 
 1850, p. 20.3.] San Diejro, Blake. 
 XI. 27,28. 29. ^j<//a(ror/jfl<i«a) tncMfta, Gld., n.s. Prel. Rep. 18.-).5. S.Diego. 
 [P. Z. S. 1850, p. 203. Appears to be a I'triculKs.] 
 30. Trochus mcedus, Jonaa [=C'hlorostoma funebralf, A. Ad.,= wffr- 
 ginatum, Nutt. Jonas's species is .S. American.] San Diego. 
 XI. 25,26. 31. Phasianella compta, Gld., n.s. I'rel. Kep. 1855. [P. Z. S. 1856, 
 • p. 204.] San Diego, Webb, Blake. 
 
 32. Litorina, sp. ind. [var. plena, Gld.] San Diego. 
 
 33. Melampus, sp. ind. [olivaceus, Cpr.] San Diego. 
 
 34. Oliva biplicata, Sby. San Pedro. 
 
 XI. 23,24. 35. Po<rtwM;M«//a<(«, Gld., n.s. Prel. Rep. 185.5. [= (Witlndcn fm- 
 
 cata, Gld., n.s. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 200. = C. sacrata, var., teste 
 
 Nuttall, Cooper.] San l)iego, Jf^'ebb, Blake. 
 XL 6-9. 30. Amnicola protea,G\d., n.s. Proc. Bost. Soc. X. II., March 1855. 
 
 Colorado Desert (Gran JornadaJ, Webb, Blake. 
 XI. 10,11. 37. Amnicola longinqua, Gld., n.s. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. II., March 
 
 1855. Colorado Desert (Cienaga (trande), Blake. 
 XI. 12-18, 38. Planorbis amnion, Gld., n.s. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Feb. [Dtia, 
 
 Mar. in text] 1855. A very variable species. Colorado Desert 
 
 and Ocoya Creek, Webb, Blake. 
 XI. 1-5. 39. Bhf/sa fiumerosa, Gld., n.s. I'roc. Bost. Soc. N. II., Feb. 1855. 
 
 Colorado Desert, Blake ; Pecos River, Webb. 
 
 40. Succinea, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek. 
 
 41. Helix Vancouverensis, Lea. San Francisco. 
 
 42. Helix San-Diegoensis, Lea. Point Reyes. [Xo such species, 
 
 teste Binnev.] 
 4-3. Helix infumaia,G\di. [Otia, p. 215.] Point Reyes. 
 44. Helix Oreyonensis, Lea. Cypress Point. 
 
 99. The fossils of the various Western expeditions were being arranged in 
 1800 in the Smithsonian Museum by Prof. J. S. Newberry, M.D.. a natu- 
 ralist of rare experience and accomplishments, and author of " lu ports on 
 the Geology, Botany, and Zoology of Northern California and Oregon." Wash- 
 ington, 18.57. They are embodied in vol. vi. of the ' Pacific Railroad Re- 
 ports.' The following is a list of the fossils, which were described by 
 Mr. Conrad in pp. 69-73, having first appeared in the Proceedings of the 
 Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Dec. 1856, to which page-refer- 
 ences are added. 
 
 Dr. Newberry's Californian Fossils. 
 
 Pnge. Plate. Fig. 
 
 Oy. IL 1. Schizopi/ga Califnmiana, Conr., Phil. Proc. Dec. 1856, p. 31.5. 
 
 [Partaking of the characters of Cancellaria and Pyramidella.'] 
 
 Santa Clara, Cal. 
 „ „ 2. Cry/><owya om/iis, Conr., p. 314. [Closely approaching the recent 
 
 species, C. Californica.'] Monterey Co. 
 J, „ 3. Thracia viadropsis, Conr., p. 313. Monterey Co. 
 
 * The Crepidulce returned in this collection were adunca and irvgosa, var. 
 
 1803. ^, 
 
591. EE?oiiT— 18C3. 
 
 Mtja Moniereymm. Conr., p. 313. [Figure resembles Periploma 
 
 arf/enturia.l Monterey Co. 
 ?Mi/a siilm/itiafa, Conr. [Conip. Macoma inquinata.'] Monterey Co. 
 Arcopaf/ia nwdialu, Conr., p. 314. Like A. hip/icufa, Conr.. of 
 
 the Maryland Miocene. [Closely resembles Lutricola alia, Cour.] 
 
 Monterey Co. 
 Tapes liuteattwi, Conr., p. 314. California. 
 Area rinalis, Conr., p. 314. Santa Barbnra. 
 Area triliiuata, Conr;, p. 314. S;inta Barbai"a. 
 Area congesta, Conr., p. 314. California. 
 
 Axincea Barbarensis, Conr. [Clos-ely resembles Tect. tHtermriliii.i.'] 
 Mulinia denmta, Conr., p. 313. ? tianta Barbara and sLoies ot 
 
 Pablo Bay. 
 Dosinia lmi(pda, Conr., p. 315. Monterey. 
 Dosinta alia, Conr.. p. .315. Monterey. 
 Peeten Pahioeitsis, Conr. San Pablo Bfiv. 
 Pallium Egtrellnnum, Conr., p. 313. Estrella Valley. 
 Janira hella, Conr., p. 312. Santa Barbara. • 
 
 I- Ostrea Titan, Conr., Phil. Proc. 1855. San Luis Obi?po. 
 
 Pandora bilirata, Conr., p. 267. [Closely resembles Kmnerlia 
 
 bicarinata.] Santa Barbara. 
 Cardita oeeidentalis, Conr., 1855, p. 2G7. [?= C. ventrteosa, Gld.l 
 
 Santa Bai'bara. 
 Diadora enicibidiformis, Conr., 1855, p. 207. {? = Pmiciurella 
 
 cueullata, Gld.] Santa Barbara. 
 
 Fossils of Gatun, Isthmiis of JDarien. 
 
 Malea ringens, Swains. Gatun. 
 TiirriteUa aUilira, Conr. Gatun. 
 Turritella Gatunensis, Conr. Gatun. 
 Triton, sp. ind. Gatun. 
 
 ? Cytherea Dariena, Conr. [The fipur« does not appear conspe- 
 cilic with that in the Blake collection, no. 50.] Ualun. 
 
 The northern fossils are supposed by Mr. Conrad to be of the Miocene period, 
 and not to be referable to existing species. Those from Sta. Barbara, however, 
 are clearly of a very recent age, and probably belong to the beds searched by 
 Col. Jewett. But by far the most interesting result of Dr. Newberry's ex- 
 plorations was the discovery of the very typical Pacific shell, Mnlea r'niijcnx, 
 in the Tertiary strata on the Atlantic slope of the Isthmus of Darieu, not 
 many miles from the Caribbean Sea. The characters of this shell beiig such 
 as to be easily recognized, and not even the genus api)earing in the Atlantic, 
 it is fair to conclude that it had migrated from its head waters in the Paciilo 
 during a period when the oceans were connected. AVe have a right, there- 
 fore, to infer that during the lifetime of existing species there was a period 
 when the present se})aration between the two oceans did not exist. T\'o 
 may conclude that species as old in creation as Malea riiu/ens may be found 
 still living in each ocean ; and there is, therefore, no necessity for creating 
 " representative species," simply because, according to the present configu- 
 ration of our oceans, we do not see how the molluscs could have travelled to 
 unexpected grounds. 
 
 100. In vol. vii. of the Pacific Uailroad Reports, part 2, is the Geological 
 Keport, presented to the Hon. Jeft'erson Davis, then Secretary of War, by 
 Thos. Antisell, M.D. He states reasons for believing that during the Eocene 
 period the Sierra Nevada only existed as a group of i.slands; that its final 
 Uplifting wad after t?ie Miocene jif'iod ; aud that during the whole of that 
 
 80 
 
 Page. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Fip. 
 
 10. 
 
 11. 
 
 4. 
 
 » 
 
 II 
 
 5. 
 
 » 
 
 it 
 
 6. 
 
 )f 
 
 n 
 
 7. 
 
 » 
 
 It 
 
 8. 
 
 » 
 
 ti 
 
 9. 
 
 ;> 
 
 >» 
 
 10. 
 
 7L 
 
 IIL 
 
 11. 
 
 )) 
 
 It 
 
 12. 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 » 
 
 It 
 
 1.3. 
 
 ft 
 
 II 
 
 14. 
 
 » 
 
 » 
 
 15. 
 
 »» 
 
 )» 
 
 10. 
 
 72. 
 
 IV. 
 
 17. 
 
 
 V. 
 
 17a 
 
 73. 
 
 V. 
 
 25. 
 
 it 
 
 » 
 
 24 
 
 It 
 
 » 
 
 23. 
 
 72. 
 
 V. 
 
 22. 
 
 tt 
 
 II 
 
 19.' 
 
 )t 
 
 II 
 
 20. 
 
 It 
 
 It 
 
 20. 
 
 II 
 
 » 
 
 2L 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 59; 
 
 period the coast-range was entirely under water. The Miocene beds ar< 
 above 2000 feet in thickness, and abound in fossils generalh- distinct fronj 
 those of the eastern strata. There is nothing in California answering to the 
 Northern Drift of the countries bordering on the Atlantic. The molluscs of 
 Dr. Antisell's Survey were described by Mr. Conrad, pp. 18!)-15)(). He 
 remarks that " the fossils of the Estrella Valley and Sta. Inez Mountains are 
 quite distinct from those of the Sta. Barbara beds, and bear a strong resem- 
 blance to the existing Pacific fauna. The Miocene period is noted, both in 
 t;ie eastern and western beds, for the extraordinarj- development of Fecti- 
 ni'fcf, both in number, in size, and in the exemplification of typical ideas." 
 It also appears to be peculiarly rich in Arcadce, which are now almost 
 banished from that region, while they flourish further south. The laige 
 Ainusium cuurinum and the delicate PecUn hastatiis of the Vancouver district, 
 as well as the remarkable Junira dentata of the Gulf, may be regarded as a 
 L'gacy to existiig seas from the Miocene idea; otherwise the very few 
 Pectinids which occur in collections along the whole West Coast of North 
 America is a fact worthy of note. Mr. Conrad has " no doubt but that the 
 Atlantic and Pacific oceans were connected at the Eocene period;" and the 
 fossils here described afford strong evidence that the connexion existed during 
 the Miocene epoch. All the species here enumerated (except Pecten deserti 
 and " Anomia suhcostata ") were believed to be distinct from those collected 
 by the preceding naturalists. 
 
 Dr. AntiselVs CaJifornian Fossils. 
 
 Hinnite^ crassa, Conr. [?=II. yif/aidea, Gray.] Sta. Mar- 
 
 fravita. 
 Fcefen Meekii, Conr. San Raphael Hills. 
 Prden (h-serti, Conr. lUake's Col., p. \b. Corrizo Creek. 
 Pcctfn di:*cus. Conr. Near Sta. Inez. 
 
 Pvcten nuiijndlia, Conr. [Probably = P. Jcffersonim, Say, Vir- 
 ginia.] Near Sta. Inez. 
 Pecten a'tiplicatiis, Conr. San Raphael Hills. 
 Pidlium Estrellanum, Conr. [Janira.^ Estrella. 
 Spondylus Edrellanus, Conr. \?Janira.^ Estrella. 
 Tapes moiifaiia, Conr. San Buenaventura. 
 Tapes Inezensis, Conr. Sta. Inez. 
 Veniis Pa/arofina, Conr. Pajaro River. 
 Armpnyhi vnda, Conr. Shore of Sta. Barbara and Estrella, 
 
 [Closely resembles A. biidicata ; ? = Lutricola alfu.] 
 Cyclas permacra, Conr. SieiTa Monica. Resembles C. ;>««- 
 
 diita, Vom:,= Luciita conipre sa, Lea, 
 Ci/clas EstreUana, Conr. Estrella. 
 Area Obispoana, Conr. San Luis Obispo. 
 Pdohtiiii.^rtta Iiiezaiia, Conr. [Like P. crassatelloides.'] Sta. 
 
 Inez Mts. 
 Crassattiia eollina, Conr. S+a. Inez Mts. 
 Oitrea stib/'ecta, Conr. " May be the young of O. Panzana." 
 
 Sierra Monica. 
 Osfrea Panzana, Conr. Panza, Estrella, and Gaviote Pass. 
 Dosinia alia, Conr. Salinas River. 
 Dostnia lonyula, Conr. Salinas River. 
 Dosinia montana, Conr. Salinas River. 
 Dosinia suhobliqua, Conr. Salinas River. Also a small !««>«, 
 
 a Natica, and a Pecten. 
 Mytibis Inezensis, Conr. Sta. Inez. 
 Lutraria transmonfana, Coin-. Allied to L. pnpyria, Conr. 
 
 Los Anjeles ; also San LuLa. 
 
 6 81 
 
 Page. 
 
 190. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 IL 
 
 Fig. 
 
 1,2. 
 
 
 [I. err. ( 
 
 w-] 
 
 » 
 
 I. 
 
 1. 
 
 9t 
 
 IIL 
 
 1. 
 
 191. 
 
 I. 
 
 2. 
 
 }) 
 
 in. 
 
 2. 
 
 192. 
 
 IIL 
 
 I. 
 
 V. 
 
 3,4. 
 
 3. 
 
 3,5. 
 
 ^y 
 
 VII. 
 
 1. 
 
 jl 
 
 IV. 
 
 1,2. 
 
 » 
 
 IV. 
 
 3,4. 
 
 >; 
 
 VIL 
 
 4. 
 
 ^ 
 
 VL 
 
 6. 
 
 ik 
 
 V. 
 V. 
 
 1. 
 2,4. 
 
 ff 
 
 VL 
 
 1.2. 
 
 n 
 
 IL 
 
 3. 
 
 f 
 
 IL 
 
 4. 
 
 
 VIL 
 
 2. 
 
 104. 
 
 VL 
 
 4. 
 
 » 
 
 VI. 
 
 5. 
 
 ft 
 
 vriL 
 
 2,3. 
 
 n 
 
 V. 
 
 6. 
 
3f 
 
 VII. 
 
 3. 
 
 }} 
 
 VIII. 
 
 4. 
 
 )f 
 
 VIII. 
 
 5. 
 
 r 
 
 X. 
 
 5,G. 
 
 C3G REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 Pa:;e. Plate. Fig. 
 
 lUi. V^I. 3. Arinea Barbarensis, Conr. Los Angeles. \?=i)i'erme<h'm.'] 
 ff \il. 3. {" Mitctra Gabioti-nsis, Cour. Gaviote I'ass. May be a Sc!n 
 
 zode.'tina. Associated with Mytilm sp. and Infundibunni 
 Gabiutensis. 
 „ VII, 5. Gli/cimeris Estrdlaniis, Conr. Panza and Estrella Va'.leya 
 
 Allied to Panopeen rrjiixa, Say. [y =■ P. yeiwrusa, Gld.^ 
 105. Penia montana, Com: S. Buenaventura. Aihtd lol'.iua.iiUuia 
 
 Trochita coatelluia^ Conr. (Javiote I'as-s. 
 TurritclUi Itiezana, Cour. iita. Inez Mts. 
 Turritella cariuta, Conr. Sta. Inez Mts. 
 Natica Inezana, Conr. [?Luiiatia Leicisii.'] Sta. Inez Mts. 
 
 As before, the fossils appear to be in very bad condition. The succeeding 
 palieontologists who have to identity from them are not to be envied. Theii 
 principal value is to show what remains in store for future explorers. Tlit 
 extreme beauty of preservation in the fossils collected by Col. Jewett, rivalling 
 those of ihe Paris Basin, and sometimes surpassing the conspecitic living 
 shells, makes us astonished that so large a statf of eminent men, employed 
 by the Government, made such poor instalments of contribution to malacolo- 
 gical science. The plan, too often followed, of remunerating naturalists, not 
 according to the skilled labour thc^y bestow, but according to the number ot 
 ♦' new species " they describe, is greatly to be deprecated. Further knowledge 
 concerning the old species maj^ be more important in scientific inquiries than 
 the laere naming of new forms. It is generally a much harder tasK to per- 
 form, and, therefore, more deserving of substantial as well as of honourable 
 acknowledgment. 
 
 101. The shells collected on the North Pacific Railroad Survey were in- 
 trusted to W. Cooper, Esq., of Hoboken, New Jersey, for description : Dr. 
 Gould being occupied with preparing the diagnoses of the N. Pacific E. E. 
 species. Judge Cooper Avas at that time the only naturalist in America known 
 to be actively c igaged in studying the marine shells of the West Coast, of 
 which he has a remarkably valuable collection. He had rendered veiy valu- 
 able service to the Smithsonian Institution by naming their specimens. Un- 
 fortunately, there is such great difficulty even in New York city (of wliich 
 Hoboken is a suburb) in obtaining access to typically named shells, as well as 
 to many necessary books *, that, notwithstanding the greatest care, errors of 
 determination are almost sure to arise. 
 
 Tile " Report upon the ilollusca collected on the Survey, by Wm. Cooper," 
 forms No. 6 of the Appendix, pp. 369-38(3, and errata. (Unfortunately the 
 
 * Both Judge Cooper and Dr. Lea informed me (1800) that they had not been able 
 even to see a copy of the plates to the U. S. Expl. lisped. MoUuscu. Through special 
 favour, 1 was enabled to obtain a series of the proofs to work by. The Smithsonian 
 Institution, though intrusted with the keeping of the collections, was not favoured 
 with a copy until after the war began, when the whole series was granted by Congress. 
 Judge Cooper had derived great assistance from the llritish Association Report, and 
 has coiumunicated many corrections in it. lu the alterations of synonymy, and in 
 defining the limits of specific variation, I have had the benefit of his counsel and ex- 
 perience; and have rarely felt compelled to ditfer from him. liaving himself collected 
 extensively in the West Indies, he had excellent opportunities of comparing fresh 
 specimens from the now separated oceans. 1 was fortunate enough to meet his son, 
 Dr. J. G. Cooper, at the Suiithsoniau Institution, and to examine the types of the 
 species he collected (which are here enumerated) with the advantage of his memory 
 and knowledge. His later contributions to the malacology of \V. America will be 
 afterwards enumerated : his valuable Treatise on the Forests and Trees of North 
 America will be found in the Smithsonian Reports, lb.J8, pp. :i40--80. 
 
 »2 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF XORTH AMERICA. 597 
 
 work had been carelessly printed.) It contains the following; species, tho 
 localities quoted in the text ironi other sources being here omitted : — 
 
 Page. 
 
 3Uy. Murex foliatm, Gme\., = M. monodon, Each. (Cerostoma). San Diego, ? fossil, 
 Cassidy. 
 „ Miirex festiims, Hds. Dead. San Diejro, Cassidy. 
 
 „ Triton Oref/nnensis, Redfield (non Jay, nee Say) = T. cancrlhdum, ^lidd., 
 Rve., non Lam. Straits of De Fuca, Siwk/cy, Oibbs, J. (i. Coopt'-. 
 
 870. Clirysudomus antiquutt, var. Bvhrinyiann, Midd., one specinieu. Straits of Da 
 
 Fuca, Suckley. [Conip. Chr. tahidattts.] 
 „ Chrysodomus Middendorffii, Coop., n. a.,— Tritonium decemcosfafmn, Midd. 
 One specimen on the shore of Wbidby".s Island. Straits of De Fuca, J. G. 
 Cooper. [ = Btic. liratum, Mart. Tliis being: a remarkable instance of a 
 " representative species," it requires to be minutely criticized. Judtie 
 Cooper compared his specimen -wnth 1.30 eastern shells, and noted the dirt'er- 
 ences with great fulness and accuracy. A series of Middendorll's I'acilic 
 shells having been brought to Enirland by Mr. T)anion, and sold at high 
 prices, I made a searching coT>i])av''i'->n of one of them with the eastern 
 specimens furnished me bv Judge Cooper and other uio.st trusty naturalists. 
 According to the diagnosis of .Middnidorffii, it should be referred to C. de- 
 cemcmtitusj Say, and not to the De Fuca species, as it agrees in all re.^pecta 
 with the eastern peculiarities quoted, except that the riblets near the canal 
 are rather more numerous and deiined. As it might be suspected that 
 Mr. Damon's shells were mixed, I have made a similar comparison with a 
 shell from the N. W. coast, sent to the Snuths. Inst, by Mr. Pease, and with 
 the same result. On examining the specimens in the Cuniingian C'dllection, 
 in company with A. Adams, Esq., we were both convinced that the eastern 
 and western forms could not be separated. In the similar shells collected 
 by Mr. Adams in the Japan seas there are remarkable variations in the de- 
 tails of sculpture.] 
 
 871. Chrysodomus Sitchensis, Midd. '\_ = incisits, Gld., = rf<Vi/s, live.]. Str. De Fuca, 
 
 Suckley, Gibhs. 
 
 „ Nassa ynendica, Gld. Puget Sound, Surlley. 
 
 „ Xassn Gibbsii, Coop., n. s. " Resembles X. trivitfata more than N. jnmdica.^^ 
 Port Townsend, I'uget Sound. [In a large series, neither Dr. Stimpson nor 
 I were able to separate tins species from N. mtndica. Similar variatiims 
 are common in British Xassce. Picked individuals trom the Neeah Day 
 series would probably be named trivitf<d<i, if mixed with eastern shells.] 
 
 I, Purpura lactuca, ¥.sch., + M. fep^ugineus,K9i:}i., = 1'. septciitridnali.i. I've. Puget 
 Sound, Suck/ey, Gibhs; Shoalwater Bay, Str. de Fuca, J. G. Conprr. 
 " Abounds on rocks and oyster-beds in Shoalwater Bay, the form and 
 amount of rugosity depending on station. The oyster-eaters are smooth 
 even when yountr.^' — J. G. C. 
 372. Purpura osfrina, Gld., = P. Freycinetii,Widd., non Desh. -{- P. decemcosfafa 
 
 tCoop., non] Midd. Rocks above low-water mark : from mouth of llood'a 
 'anal to Str. Fuca ; Puget Sound, common, J. G. Conner. 
 
 f, Pirpwa lajnllus [Coop., non] Linn. \_ = P- saricohi,\A\.^ Str. De Fuca, 
 Puget Sound,/. G. Coojier. "Found with /'. uxtrina, and equally common."' 
 [Some varieties run into the New England form of P. lapillus, sulHcientlv 
 nearly to justify the identification; but the bulk of the specimens are easily 
 distinguished by the excavated columella. They pass bv insensible graila- 
 tions to P. o«^nwff, Gld., which is a rare and extreme variety. Many of the 
 shells called P. Freycinetii by Midd. are certainly referable to this sjwcies. 
 Some forms pass towards the true P. Freycinetii. D(>sh., while others are 
 equally close to the very different P. emaryiitata, Desh.] 
 
 „ Purpura emaryinata, Desh., = P. Conradi, Nutt. MS. " Upp'^r California,'' 
 Trusk; San Diego, Trowbridge. [This appears to be exclusively a southern 
 form = sajrieola, var.] 
 
 „ Monoceros enyonatum, Conr., = Jlf. ttnicarinntvm. Sby. San Pedro. Dr. Trn^k 
 S73. Momcwoi, layiUuidvs, Cijut.,^Jl. ^unctatum, Giaj-. fcan I'tdio, iJr. Tra^k. 
 
 83 
 
:;98 REPORT— 18C3. 
 
 oi";5. Cohirnhflln paunnpnfa, Old. Str. de Fiica, SticJ^Iet/. 
 f, Cnhnuhflla ra/i/u i^CV)oper, non] Gld. l = Iiuccintnn cornti/afutn, Rve.] StJ. 
 
 d" Fuca, Siuhlry. 
 J, Natku Leu-isii, (jld., = 3'''. herrufia, Midd. Puget Sound, J. G. Coo/mt, Sitck- 
 
 ley. "Shell sometimes remarkably globose, nometiiiies with spire iimch 
 
 tirodiiced." W. C. "Abundant throii^'hoiit the N.W. sounds, aud col- 
 eeted in great numbers by the Iiidiau-* for food. In summer it cravls 
 above high-water mark to lieposit its eggs" in the well-known sand-ooils, 
 which are "beautifullv symmetrical, smooth, and perfect on both sides."— 
 J. G. C. 
 „ Potamis pullatus, Gld. A variable species. U. Cal., Trusk. 
 G74. Melanin plicif era, Lea. Veiy common in rivers, W. T., J. G. Cooftr 
 f, Jlc/aiii'a siliciila, Gld. [ = one of the many vnrs. of 3/. plicif era, teste Lea], 
 
 In rivers, W. T., Nisquallv and Oregon, J. G. Coojter. 
 f, Melania Shortaensis, Lea, MS. \_ = lihagtaetms, Lea]. Williipah River, J. O. 
 
 Cooper. 
 „ Amuicola Nuttalliana, Lea, Phil. Trans, pi. 2G. f. 89. Columbia River, J. G, 
 
 Cooper. 
 „ Amnieola seminalis, lids. U. Cal., Trask. [Belongs to Dr. Stinipson's new 
 
 genus, Fhnmuieola.] 
 „ Turritella Eschrichtii,yWA^. \_=Bittium Jilosion, Gld.]. Puget Sound, Sud> 
 
 ley, Gibbs. 
 „ " Litorina rudis, Gld., Stn." [Cooper, non Mont.]. Shoalwater Bay, De 
 Fuca, J. G. Coojyer, Siickley, Gihhu. " Very abundant on the X.W. coiist, 
 where it presents the same varied appearances as our ea.^teni shell." — W. C. 
 [To an English eye, it appears quite distinct. L. rudis, Coop., with xub~ 
 tenebrosa, Midd., and tnodesta, Phil., are probably vars. of i. Hitkana, Phil., 
 =Z. sulcata, Gld.] 
 „ Litorina scutulata, Gld. On rocks, from the head of Puget Sound to De Fuca, 
 
 J. G. Cooper. 
 „ Litorina planaxis, Nutt. [=i. patula, Gld.]. San Luis Obispo, Dr. Anfisell 
 375. lyrehu-s Jilosiis, Wood, = 7! ligatus, Gld. ,= 7. niodexfus, Midd. Str. de Fuca, 
 J. G. Cooper; U. Cal., Trask. [=T. costatus, Mart.] 
 „ Irochus Schantarictis [Coop., nonj Midd. [ = 3Iurff. pupilla, Gld., = 3/. calo- 
 stoma, A. Ad.] Str. de Fuca, J. G. Cooper, abundant. 
 Haliotis Kamtschatkana , .lonas. Nootka Sound, Capt. Russell, teste Trask. 
 Haliotis corrutjata. San Diego, Cassidy. 
 Haliotis splendens. San Diego, Cassidy. 
 Haliotis rufescens. San Diego, Cassidy. 
 
 Haliotis Cracherodii. ( None of the rare var. Cnlifoniiensii.) S.DIp^o, Ca-mdy. 
 
 FissiireUa nigrofninctata, Sby. Two specimens sent by Dr. Trask as coming 
 
 from Cataiina Is., U. Cal. [Fimportedl. 
 
 „ Fi-'surellu nspera, Y^sith.,? = criditia, Gld!., ? = densiclathrafa, Rve. \_ = Lincohi{, 
 
 Gray. This is certainly Gould's species from type; but Reeve's shell is 
 
 southern, and appears distinct.] U. Cal., Lieut. Troicbridye. 
 
 )76. Nare.lla iiistahilis. 
 
 )> 
 
 V 
 
 » 
 
 „ Acm(ea pelt a. 
 „ Acmati persona. 
 
 Acmtfa spectrum. 
 
 Acmmt seabra. 
 
 The few shells collected of this family are mostly imper- 
 fect, but appear to belong to the species quoted : for 
 the synouyniv of which, reference is made to the Bii- 
 
 . „ tish Association Report. 
 
 Acmeea arugmosa. ^ 
 
 Scurriu tnitra. 
 
 Chiton tnuscosus. J Still fewer materials, among which the quoted species 
 
 Chiton subma-moreus. I were identified. [The " submarniorem,'' both of 
 
 Chiton tunicatus. t Midd. and Coop., may prove to be Tonicia iineata, 
 
 Chiton lignosus. ) var.] Chiefly from Oregon. 
 
 ,, Helix fidelia, Gt&v,= Nuttalliana, Lea. Forests W. of Cascade Mountain. 
 
 AV. *r., J. G. Ciojyer. 
 
 „ Helix lowmendiann, Ijea. " Common in open prairies near the sea, but not 
 
 neax Puget Sound/' W. T., J. G. Cooper, 
 
 84 
 
V 
 
 » 
 
 » 
 
 V 
 
 f» 
 
 » 
 
 ON MOLLXJSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF XORTII AMERICA. 599 
 
 Tnge. 
 
 «J76. Ililix Columhiana, Iji^a,=labio^a, Hid. " In wet mpadows from Vancouver 
 to the coast, not nesir Pii;.'et Sound," VV. T., J. G. Vinrpvr. 
 
 877. Hn^ijr VancotiVfreims, Lea l-j-sporfclla, Gld., ti ste I>lii!id\ " We-^t of Cn-- 
 
 cade Mountain; most abundant under alder-'TOves; also on Wliidbv"3 
 Island." W. T., J. G. Coop^^r. 
 
 „ IlcUr deria, (ild.,= Tia<f:''rn'lfii, Pfr. Two sp. in damp wood*!, near Van- 
 couver, W. T., J. G. C'liopi'i: 
 
 „ Jlefix tmlicii/'i f II. Blnn. Hare, with the last, Vancouver ; also Washington 
 Territory. J. //. Cooper. 
 Siirciiied NiithiUiana, Lea. Rare and dead, at Vancouver, J. G. Cooper. 
 J^imax ColuinfiHDtus, Gld. " Ab;indant in dense, daiup spruce-forests, near 
 Pacific coast ; gi-ows to 6 inches, and is smooth, not rugose, when living," 
 J. G. Cooper. 
 
 878. Limiuea umhrosa, Gld. Lake Oyosa, Okanagan River, ,7. G. Cooper. 
 
 ,, LimiKea emarffinata, Say. Lake Oyosa, Okanajjan River, J. G. Cooper, 
 „ Limnaa jujpiliiriii, Say. Lake Oyosa. Okanajrau River, J. G. Cooper. 
 P/ii/sa elonijafn, Say. Near Pu^et Soimd. J. G. Cooper. 
 P/ii/sa heterostropha, Say. Ponds in W. T.. J. G. Cooper. 
 Phi/sa bullata, Gld. MS. Lake Oyosa, \V. T., J. G. Cooper. 
 Anqilns caurinus, Coop., hi.s. ["r' = ^. Nuttulli, Ilald.," Coop. MS.] Black 
 
 River, near Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper. 
 Pftinorbis corptdentim, Siiy. Lake Oyosa, W. T., J. G. Cooper. 
 Pldttorbis trirolcis. Say. Exceedingly abundant in shallow lakes near Van- 
 couver, W.T., iT! G. Cooper. 
 „ PIdiiorbis p//tiiiil(itu.<i, Coo]i. ,11. !>. " A small carinated species, found onlv in 
 lakes on Whidbv's Island." J. G. Cooper. [Comp. P. operciduris, Gld.] 
 379. Bulla lu'bidosa, Gld. Bav of S. Pedro. Trash: 
 „ Bulla tvnella, A. Ad., in Sby. Thes. pi. 1;54. f. 104 [?]. Puget Sound, one sp,, 
 
 Suckle;/. [? = Ha/m)iea hi/da(is.^ 
 ff Odrea edulis, Coop, [non Linn. : = 0. lurida, Cpr.]. De Fuca and Puget 
 Sound, Gihbs; Shoalwater Bay, Cooiier. "Small in Puget Sound: finer in 
 Shoalwater Bciy, which supplies S. Francisco market; large at Vancouver's 
 Island ; very large near mouth of Hood's Canal." 
 M {I^anufanomia macroschisma, \)ti%h, De Fuca, Gibbs; Xootka Sound, Capt. 
 
 Russell. 
 „ Perfett caurinus, Gld. De Fuca, Su^klet/. One of the specimens measures 
 2.} inches in circumference and 8 in. a*'ross. 
 
 830. Pecten rcntricosus, Shy.,+tumiduji, Sby. [= ?var. (equisulcatus, Cpr.]. L'pper 
 
 Cal., Trask ; San Diego, Cassidi/. 
 ff 3Iytilus edulis. Ln. Shoalwater liay. Cooper. "As abundant as in Europe 
 
 and N. England, with the same variations, and when eaten occasionally 
 
 causing urticaria." — J. G. Cooper. 
 ff Mtftilu* Californianus, Conr. Puget Sound, Port Townsend, Suckley, Gibbs ; 
 
 Upper Cal., Trask. One specimen is Oi^ inches long. 
 „ Mo(liola capax [Cooper, non] Conr. [ = J/, modiolus, Ln.]. Not common. Str. 
 
 de Fuca, Gibbs, Cooper. 
 „ Modiol'jflabellafa,G]<l. Puget S. and Str. de Fuca, ti'j'&fts. [ = M. recta, ruT.I 
 „ Lithophagus, sp. ind., like falcatuK [Probably Adula stylina, Cpr.] Rocks 
 
 near mouth of Umpqua I^iver, Oi-egon, Dr. Volhtm. 
 
 831. Area grandis, Coop, [non Hrod. and Sby.,= A. midticostata, Sby.]. One sp. 
 
 living. San Diego, Cusmdy. 
 ff Margarifana margaritifera, hefi. = Al<tsmodontafalcafa, Gld. River Chehalis, 
 &c.. W. T.. Cooper; Shasta River, Or., Trask. After careful comparison 
 with eastern U. S. specimens, and those from Xewfoimdland and Europe, 
 Judge Cooper agrees with Dr. Lea that the N.W. shells are at most a slight 
 variety. " The most abundant of the freshwater bivalves, and the only one 
 vet found in the Chehalis, the streams nmnino into Puget Soimd, and most 
 branches of the Columbia. No species is found in the streams running uito 
 Shoalwater Bay. Eaten bv the Indians E. of the Cascade Mountains," 
 J. O. C. 
 
600 KEPORT— 18G3. 
 
 Page. 
 
 HSl. Anotfonfa nngnhfa, Lea,-)-^. femtnalis, Gld. Plentiful in Yaliima River, 
 \V. T., C'oopfii: A series of spccMniens of various ages leads Judge Cooper 
 to indorse Dr. Lea's ojiinion of the identity of the two species. 
 „ Anodoiifit Orpf/( nensis. Lea. Rivers of W. T., Conper. 
 „ Auodonta Wnhlamaftnsi.s, Lea. Lagoons in Sacramento River, Dr. Trask. 
 382. Cardium Xii'tdJIi, Conr. Shoalwater Bay ard Puget Sound, Cooper; San 
 Franc, Dr. Bii/elow, Trunk. "The most abundant clam of Shoalwater Bay, 
 inhabiting sandy mud, a few inches below the surface. The Indians feel 
 for them witli a knife or sharp stick ■w4th great expertness. In July many 
 come to the surface and die, .''from the sun's heat.' 
 Cardium qnadrafienarium^ Conr. One valve. San Luis Obispo, Dr. AtUinell. 
 Lucina Californicn, Conr. San Diego, Cassidy. 
 Ci/rf(is, sp. ind. Whidby's Island ; pools near Steilacoom, Cooper. 
 Vvtnn staminea, Conr.,4- Veneriipis Petitii, Desh.,+ Venus ru/ida. Old. [pars], 
 4- Tapes diversa, Sby. Shoalwater Bay and Puget Sound, Conper, Suck- 
 lei/ : San Francisco, Trask ; San Diego, Lieut. Trou'hrid(/e. [To the 
 above sj-nonjnny, by Judge Cooper, the large series of specimens in the 
 Smithsonian Mus. compels an assent. lie considers Tapes straminea, of 
 Sby. Thes., to be a variety of V. histrioniea, but it more probably = T. 
 f/rata, as Dr. (Joiild appears to have considered it, having copied Sowerby's 
 error. Conrad named it, not from the colour, as was supposed when quoting 
 it as " sframinea," but from the thread-like sculpture (test« Conr. ips.). 
 AVhatever be t!ie firm, colour, or sculpture of the shell, Judge Cooper 
 Ti'miirks in all the same characters of teeth and hinge ; we may add also, of 
 the pallial sinus.] 
 SS3. Sruidomus Nuttalhi [Coop.,non] Conr.,-^Venentpis (jigantea, Desh..+ Vemts 
 maxima, Phil. [?]. Near Copalux River, south of Shoalwater Bay, com- 
 mon at Puget Sound, Cooper : Bodegas, Cal., Trask. "Much superior to 
 the Atlantic quahorj as food, but called by the same name. Its station is in 
 somewhat hard sand, near l.-w. mark," 7. G. C. [Judge Cooper regards all 
 the Saxidomi of the coast, except S. aratus, as one species. The southern 
 fonn, "with rough concentric striae and brown disc, ' is Conrad's speciis; 
 "others from Oregon are much smoother, without regular stri;e. ' These are 
 S. sqnalidus, Desh. Dr. Cooper found " a fossil variety, in const-banks 10 
 feet above sea-level, which is well tigured in Midd. and (less distinctly) by 
 Desh. A Califoniian specimen measures 48 in. across." The fossils, through 
 disintegi-ation, often assume the aspect of Venus Kennerlei/i, the former 
 margins remaining as varical ridges, while the softer interstices have 
 perished.l 
 „ Venus latneflif era, Ccfr)r..= Veneriipis Cordipri,T)esh. San Diego, Cassidy. 
 884. Lutraria maxima, Midd., = L. capar, Gld. [ = ScJnzoth(Prus Xuttalli, Conr.] 
 Shoalwater Bay, Cooper. San Francisco, Trask. " Lives buried nearly 2 feet 
 in hard sand, near 1. w. mark, its long siphons reiiching the surface; also in 
 many parts of Puget Sound up to near Olympia. It is excellent food, and 
 a chiet article of winter stores to the Indians, who string and smoke them 
 in their lodges. Length, 7| in. The buiTows are foimd in the cliffs, 10 feet 
 above high water, with all the other MoUusca now living ; and two, not 
 now found, were then common [viz. ?. . .]. The Indians have no tradition 
 as to the elevation, and the ancient trees show no signs of the irregular 
 upheavings which raised the former levels of low water, by successive 
 stages, to a height now nearly 100 feet," J. G. C. 
 „ Tellina nasuta, Conr. Common, from L. Cal. to the Arctic Seas. Shoal- 
 water Bay, Cooper ; Puget Sound, Suckl4>y ; San Francisco, Trask. 
 „ Telhnn edenfula [Cpr., Coop., not Brod. and Shy., = Macoma secta, var. eduKs, 
 
 Nutt.]. Puget Sound, Gibbs. 
 „ Tellina Bmleyemis, lids. Shoalwater Bay, rare, Cooper', mouth of Umpqua 
 River, Vollum. 
 885. Sanyuinolaria Califomiana, Conr. "Common at the mouth of the Columbia 
 and other rivers, and high up salt-water creeks," Cooper. \_=iMacoma 
 inconspicua, Brod. and Sby.] 
 
 86 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 601 
 
 8oC. Sj/p« sicnrim, Old. On** dead shell, neai Steilacoom, Pufret Sound. Cooper. 
 " I'robablv abniulant on the nmd-tiats near the mouth of the Nisiquaily 
 River," J. (i. V. 
 
 J, Mnrfirera ptitidit, Portl. and Dix. (Coop, errata; Nuttnlli in text), —Solcn 
 hilt limns. Wood, non Chi-mn. , = Soleciirttts Nuttallii, Conr.,^ Mach(rm rus- 
 tata, Midd., noii Say. \Va-*liiiiirton Ter., Cooper. "Burrows a few inches 
 from the surtace, at the edire of the usual low tide : is justly considered 
 (except thf oyster) the best of the many fine eatable molluscs of the cou.-t. 
 It i-i till' only truly marine mollusc found near the Columbia Kiver ; extends 
 northwards wlierever the beach is sandy, but not known in the Straits of 
 de Fuca." ./. G. C. 
 
 „ Mijn riincellata, {Plati/odon), Conr. Dead valves, St. Luis Obispo, Dr. 
 Antisell. 
 
 „ Sphftiiia ('(ilifornirn, (Cryptomya), Conr. San Francisco, Trask. 
 3S0. Mi/ti'inwriii Xntfnlli, Conr. A jrroup, nestliiifr in a white, friable, arenaceous 
 substance, was obtained at San Diego by Lieut. Troichridf/e. 
 
 ff Phuliis ' Pliiihiilidin] pi-tiitn, Conr., = P. concamcrata, Desh. From worn rock 
 which di'ifted into Siioalwater Bay, attached to the roots of Macrocystiti, 
 the iriant seaweed, Cooper; De Fuca, Suckley; mouth of Umpqun Kiver, 
 Oregon, Dr. Vollitin. 
 
 The above list must he considered as a resume, not merely of the shells of the 
 N. P. Railroad Survey, hut also of all those examined by Judge Cooper, from 
 the Siiiifhsoiiian Museum and from his own private cullectiin. It is jjccu- 
 liurly valuable as preserving the notes concerning station, &c.. of the originjjl 
 explorers, and has therefore recpiired a more lengthened analysis. 
 
 The land-shells collected by Dr. Xewberry in the Pacific Eailroad Survey were 
 described by W. G. lliniiey. Escj., with his accustomed accnracy. His pajKT 
 will be found in the Kcports, vol. vi. pp. 111-114. The fuUowiiig are the 
 only species enumerated : — 
 
 1. Helix Jicli lis. Gray, Chem., Pfr., Pve., = ^. Kuttallittna, Lea, Binney, sen.. Da 
 
 Kav. Portland, Oregon, iNWixTry. Local. 
 
 2. Helix infvmata. Old.. Proc. Bost. X. II. S., Feb. 1855, p. 127. Hills near 
 
 San Francisco, Nen-berrtf. Extremely rare. 
 S. Helix aruginosa, (MA., var. /3. loc. cit. North of San Francisco, Netcberry. 
 
 Pare. 
 4. Helix Diipetithnvfirsi, jun., Desh., Chem., Pfr., Rve.,= 7/. Oregotiensis, Lea, 
 
 Pfr. San Francisco, J5enicia, Cal. ; Klamath Lake, Oregon; Neuberi-y. " One 
 
 of the commonest and most wideh' distributed species of the Pacific region." 
 
 102. The U. S. Government also sent out a " North-west Boundary Com- 
 mission," in charge of Archibald Campbell, Esq. The natural-history 
 arrangements were superintended by tlie Smithsonian Inst., and Dr. C. B. R. 
 Kennerly was appointed naturalist to the Expedition. At his request, I 
 undertook to prepare a Report of the MoUusca, to be published and illustrated 
 in a form corresponding to the Pacific Railroad Reports; Dr. Alcock kindly 
 undertaking to dissect the animals, and Mr. Busk to examine the Polyzoa. 
 Dr. Kennerly died on his return from a three years' exploration ; and the 
 civil w.'r has thus far delayed any further publication. The materials have, 
 however, been thoroughly investigated. They consist principally of dredg- 
 ings in Puget Sound. On reference to the maps published by the U. S. 
 Coast Survey, it will be seen that this inland sea consists of u remarkable 
 labyrinth of waters, fiord within fiord, and only indirectly connected with 
 the currents of the Pacific Ocean. It might therefore be expected to furnish 
 us with the species of quiet migration, and perhaps with those still living 
 from a period of previous altered conditions. No doubt it will furnish new 
 materials to reward the labours of many successsive naturalists. The pre- 
 
 &7 
 
602 REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 maturely closed invpstigations of Dr. Kennerley are only the heginning of s 
 rich hiirvost. Dr. (ieor^co Suckley, late assistunt-surjjfeon of the U. S. armv, 
 was appointed to complete the natural-history work, after his lamtntcii 
 death. A complete list of the species collected will be foiind in the fifth column 
 of the .Vancouver and Californian table, v. infra, par. 112. The particulars 
 of station, &c., and all the knowled^^o which the laborious explorer had col- 
 lected, are lost to science. It is quite possible that some of the species here 
 accredited to Pu'j:et Sound were obtained in neighbouring localities in thu 
 Straits of T)e Fuca. The specimens are in Iteautifully fresh condition, antl 
 of most of them the animals were preserved in alcohol. The following are the 
 shells first brought from the Vancouver district by the American N. W. 
 Boundary Commission, the diagnoses of new species being (according to 
 custom) first published in the Proceedings of the Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia. 
 
 No. 
 
 1. Zirph<en rrinpnta. Two living specimens of this very characteristic Atlantic sp* 
 
 2. Sdxirarn phouidin. Several living' specimens. 
 
 3. Sp/ueuia oroidcci, n. s. One sp. living. 
 
 4. Vn/piomifa Californica. Several living sp. 
 
 5. Thracia curta. One specimen. 
 
 G. Mytilimeria yuttallii. Three sp. living at ba!»e of test of Asciilian. [The animal 
 appeared too peculiar to venture on a dissection. It has been entrusted to 
 Dr. Alcock, of the .Manchester Museum.] 
 
 7. Nirern pectiriata, n. s. One s]). livinL'. 
 
 8. Kmiierlinjiliisd, n. s. and n. subg. Several living specimens. 
 
 9. Psamtitohiii nihroradinfa. One tivsh specimen of uniform tint. 
 
 10. Macoina (I'v. ) txpansa. Adult broken ; young living. Belon;is to a gi'oiip of 
 
 forms classed together by some writers under lata or proxinia, l)iit th*^ cha- 
 racters of the hinge and mantle-bend have not yet been suJKcieully studied. 
 
 11. Mticoiiin ijiMiformiii, n.s. On"" valve. 
 
 12. AtKiiihix mo/icstiis, n. s., but closely allied to the eastern A. tetter, Say. Two 
 
 sp. living. 
 l2b. Aiii/ii/iis Cfmorlf.^fits, var.) obfii.ms. Several fresh specimens. 
 I'.i. Ck'mvntia mibiHaphaiia, n. s. Very rare, living. Intermediate between C7e- 
 
 mi'ittia proper and the prnra group of thin Callusfa. 
 14. Psi-phis Lordi, Baird. Several living sp. from which the subg. was eliminated, 
 l.'). Veiiiix Keiincr/i/i, li\e. Very rare. One sp. living. Some of the shells called 
 
 V. astarloi'des by Midd. may be the young of this. 
 10. Peiiicola ranli/oides. Several fresh specimens. 
 
 17. Astfirfc ('f \HT.) compacfa. One sp. living; may hereafter be connected with ^i. 
 
 compresna. 
 
 18. Serripi'S Grcodandiem. Several young living specimens. 
 
 19. Liiciiin temmndpta, n. 8. Two living specimens, of which one had the surface 
 
 disintegrated. 
 
 20. Cryptodon serrimhis, n. s. One living sp. 
 
 21. Kcllin Lapennmi. A few li\infir specimens. 
 
 22. Kclfid suborhicidarh. A few living specimens. 
 
 23. La.^ea rubra. One sp. living. 
 
 24. Pythina rugifera, n. s. Two living sp. Intermediate between Pythina and 
 
 Kellia. 
 
 25. Ti Hmya ftimida, n. s. One sp. living. 
 20. Modiolaria la-rigata. Two living sp. 
 
 27. Modiokiria marnwrata. One sp. living. (A shell in the U. S. E. E. Col., 
 
 though marked "Fi.ji " in Dr. Gould's MS. list, probably came from Puget 
 Sound, being thus confirmed.) 
 
 28. Numla tcmm. Two sp. living*. 
 
 29. Aeila caMrmsis. One sp. living. 
 
 30. Lcda fossa, Baird. One nomial sp. living. 
 
 • These species were kindlv determined by Mr. Hanley. 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. C03 
 
 Na. 
 
 •".1. I^da mitnifa, Linn. One sp. livin^r*. 
 
 .32. Yoldia laiirt'olata, J. Sby. Two sp. living*. 
 
 3.'1. YohUa amiiydnla. Ono sp. livinjr*. 
 
 i\A. Hamiiiea hi/datix. Two sp. livinjr. 
 
 .'5.'), 3('>. Two species of Tectilnanchiates, not yet -workcd-out by Dr. Alcock. 
 
 3.". Toniafitta eximia, IJaird. Abundant, livin";. 
 
 .M8. Cyllchiia (ivas.) attoiitia. One livinp: sp. I'robably a variety of ei/ZZ/iJ/aceo. 
 
 34*. iJcnfa/i'inn rectiii^, n. s. Very rare, dead. 
 
 40. Acnnthoplvnrn Hcahra. One vounj; living sp. 
 
 41. yiopnlia Grai/ii, n. s. One living sp. 
 
 42. MojKilia Ilindsii. One living sp. 
 
 4.{. Mopnlia si/iuatn, n. s. Two sp. livinnr. | . ,i i j . ,, 
 
 ^ ,.#';• • . rp ' ,• ■ 1 A well-marked CTOup in the eenua. 
 
 44. Mo'HUia impurratd, n. s. 1 wo sp. living. | b r e "^ 
 
 4-'). iHchnochitoH (Trac/n/dcrniim) tri/idim, n. s. One living sp. 
 
 4(). Ischnochifon (Trachi/dermoH)J!ectens,n.3. One living sp. 
 
 47. Inchnoc/iitoii ( Tracki/dfrmon) retipormuis, n. s. One living sp. 
 
 48. Ischtiochitnn (LipidopUurns) Mertcmii. Ilare, living. 
 
 49. Lepcfa Cfpcoidi-s, n. s. Three sp. living. 
 
 50. Calliosttnna varieyalum, n. s. One living sp. 
 
 51. Maif/ariia ? Vahlii. Three sp. living, = M. piisiUa, Jeffr., teste A. Ad. 
 
 516. Moryarifn (? v.) ttnuisculpta. Perhaps a var. of Vahlii, but sculptured. Several 
 living specimens. 
 
 52. Maif/nritn lindnfa, n. s. Several living specimens, forming a Darwinian group, 
 
 of which var. ». siibelevafa, var. ;3. obavUta, and hvar. y. cunica might pass 
 for species from single specimens. 
 
 53. Marf/itrila itijlafa, n. s. Two sp. living. 
 
 54. Me alia laefeola, ?n. s. Two sp. living, but eroded. May prove a Tar. of 
 
 lacfea, but with different sculpture. 
 'Ah. Mcsalia (?/acteola, var.) nthplanata. Two sp. living, but eroded. 
 
 J5.5. Lncinm vi/icta. One fresh specimen. 
 
 .5(5. Jiisxoa cotn'iacfa, n. s. Not uncommon, living. 
 
 57. Dn'lfia iiirisn, n. 8. Two fresh specimens. 
 
 •)8. Driliin caticeUata, n. s. One adolescent specimen. 
 
 50. Mdiiffc/id leridensis, n. s. One fresh specimen. 
 
 0)0. 3Ianf/ilia aiif/ulufaf. One fresh specimen. 
 
 (il. liclri cxcurvafa, n. s. (Ia]h^ Treieli/ann.) One fresh specimen. 
 
 0'2. Chvmnitzia (?v.) aiirant{n-\. One fresh specimen. 
 
 G3. Chcmnitzia torquata\. 1'wo fresh specimens. 
 
 <>4. Chcmnitzia tndi-titataf. Two fresh specimens. 
 
 G.J. EuUmn micans, n. s. One fresh specimen. 
 
 G(>. Vcliittna hn-i(inta. Several fine living specimens. 
 
 07. OciiK'bra interfoxna. Ware. dead. 
 
 08. Nitiddia Gouldiif. Two living specimens, proving the genus. 
 
 09. Tro'ihon muUieosfatu-n. Two fresn specimens. 
 
 70. Chn/nodotnm ?ttibiihitu.9,iun. One young sp. 
 
 71. Chn/sodomus rectirostris, n. s. One living sp. 
 
 72. 73. Two species of Cephalopods, not yet affiliated. 
 
 Besides adding more than 70 marine species to the Vancouver branch of tho 
 Californian fauna, from specimens in good condition, without a single bal- 
 last or exotic admixture, the confirmation of many species, which before 
 rested only on the uncertain testimony of the U. S. E. E. labels, and the 
 affiliation of others which, on the same testimony, had been wrongly assigned 
 to distant and erroneous localities, was no slight benefit to science. The 
 land and freshwater species of the Expedition will be found tabulated, with 
 others, in the separate lists ; par. 115. 
 
 103. While the American naturalists were thus actively engaged in ex- 
 
 f These species were first found by Col. Jewett at Sta. Barbara. Fide p. 537. 
 
 fid 
 
604 REPORT — 18C3. 
 
 ploring the regions south of the political boundary, similar explorations, on 
 u less extensive scale, were being made under the direction of the Kriti^h 
 liovernment. The naturalist to the I5riti>h North American Jioundary (.'oni- 
 mission, during the years LS^S-lStJi, was J. K. Lord, Esq.. F.Z.S. He made a 
 very valuable collection of shells in Vancouver Island and Liitish Columbia, 
 tlie hrst series of which was presented to the British Museum. The new 
 species were described by W. liaird*, Esq., M.D., F.L.S., in a paper com- 
 municated to the Zool. Soc, and publislied in its ' Proceedings,' Feb. l(nh, 
 ]s(i;}, pp. (jH-7U. — Another series of shells, from the same district, was i)re- 
 eented to the Brit. Mus. by the Lords of the Admiralty, collected by Dr. Lyall, 
 of H. M. Ship ' Plumper.' Two new species Irom this collection were describe il 
 by Dr. Laird, in a separate paper, P. Z. S., Feb. 1 0th, liHi'S, p. 71. The new 
 epecies from Mr. Lord's collections have been drawn on stone by Sowerby. 
 The figure-numbers here quoted correspond with the proof-copy kindly fur- 
 nished by Dr. Baird. — A third series was collected by Dr. Forbes, K.N., in the 
 same Expedition. After Mr. Cuming had made his own selections, this passed 
 into the ordinary London market. It contained several species of peculiar 
 interest. The following are the (supposed) new species of the Survey : — 
 
 P.Z.S. Plate I. 
 
 Fugs; No. Fig. 
 
 Gli 1 1. Chrijundonmn fnhulaiiis,'Ba\vA. One broken specimen, EsquimaltHarb., 
 Vancouver Island, Lord. [One perfect shell, Xeenh Bay, «S'mvj«.] 
 
 ,, 2 2. Vifidaria aspra, IW. Several living specimens, Esquimalt Ilarb., 
 Vauc. Island, Lard. [Belontrs to a group of srrooved niuricoid Pur- 
 purids, iutemiediate between Rhizochcilxs and Cerostmiia, for which 
 the sul)freniis Orinrhra may be reconstituted. These shells are the 
 rough form of Oriucbra birida, Midd.] 
 
 C7 3 3. Chnnnitzid V(i)ic<tiicerensis,\\<\. =torqt«tta,(^\\A.']. Esquimalt Ilarb., 
 Vane. Island, Lord. From the crop of a pintail Duck. [The 
 artist has failed to represent the peculiar character of the species, 
 which is, that the ribs end above the periphery, so that a smooth 
 belt appears roiuul the spire above the sutures.] 
 
 ,, 4 4. Amiiicolu Ilindxii, ]}J. Seven sp.. River Kootauie East; nine sp., 
 Wigwam IJiver, west slope of Kocky Mts., 4(il'(j ft. hi^h, Br. Col., 
 Lord. Resembles Pahidina \_Ffinni)iicoln~\ setiii/inh's, Ilds. 
 ,, 5 5. Bidlina (Tonintitia)e.ii)iii(i. lid. Esquimalt llarb., V. I., i(»>W. Alive 
 in 12 fm. ; dead in Ducks stomach. [Not Btdlhia, Add. Gen.] 
 
 68 6 6. Svrcinea Hiuvkinaii, Jid. Six sp. Lake Osoyoos, Brit. Col., i'wt/. 
 
 7 7. Limnaa Siimnsmf, Bd. Like Z. elodes. Say. Plentiful. Sumass 
 
 Prairie, Eraser R., Brit. Col., Lord. [Extremely like L. pcdn!<fn\<.] 
 
 ., 8 8. Phi/sa Lordi,Bd. Plentiful. Lake Osoyoos, British Columbia, Zo/v/. 
 
 [Larger than Ph. Innuerosa, Gld., and with strong columellar told.] 
 
 69 9 9. Anoylm Koofaiiietiv's, Bd. Six sp.. River Kootanie Eastj live sp., 
 
 River Spokane, British Columbia, Lord. 
 
 • It is due to the memory of Dr. Kennerley, as well as to the other naturalists con- 
 
 reeted with the various American surveys, and the officers of the Smiths. Iiist., who so 
 
 generously entrusted to the writer their unique specimens for coniparisoii with the 
 
 London museums, to state, that (with two exceptions) the new marine species of the 
 
 British Survey would have been published long before the appearance of Dr. Baird's 
 
 paper, but for the derangement of the U. S. natural-history publications, consequent on 
 
 the secession movement. Although the Smithsonian Inst, had offered to preseut to 
 
 the Brit. Mus. their first series of duplicate specimens from these expeditious, which 
 
 was exhibited at the Manchester Meeting of the Brit. Assoc, where this Heport wus 
 
 called for, no notice was given to the writer of the valuable results of the British 
 
 survey; and it was only through the private kindness of Drs. Sclater and Bitu-d tiiat 
 
 he was prevented from adding to the list of synonyms, already, alasl so numerous 
 
 aud perplexing. 
 
 f These species are named after places, not after persons, as would be supposed 
 by the terminatiuns. qq 
 
0\ MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 605 
 
 P.7.S. PUte II. 
 Png.'. So. Fig. 
 
 tjy 10 10. Vhiime Lordi. Rd. From a Duck's gtomach. Plentiful. Esquiraalt 
 Ilarh., V. I., Lord. 
 
 ,, 11 11. Sj) ffen'iini (Ci/r/ii'i) tii>nidiiTn,'Bii. Plentiful. Suma.is Prairie, Fraser 
 IviviT, J'nitish L'i)lumljia, Lard. 
 
 .. 12 12,13. ^'^j>/if{'riii)n {Cf/da^} Spokanif.Bd. Two sp.. River Spokane; two 
 vouniT sp., KoDtuuie Kiver, liriti.sh Columbia, Lord. [Closely re- 
 lated to tuinidiDH, but more delicate.] 
 
 70 13 14. Ly tiisia sadirola, JJd. llole.s in rock.«i in Esqnimalt Ilarh., V. I., Lord. 
 
 Japan, te.ste A. Ad. Closelv resembles L. naviada, Ad. and live. 
 [Al)undaut, and very variable in outline, sometimes like Ha.iiraca 
 p/io/adix, soiiit'times like Mi/filimeria. Neeah Bay, Swait ] 
 ,, 14 15. C''-ii.'<s)ifellaK'<rjiiiiii(dtif,Bd. One sp. Esquinialt llarb., ^^ I., Zf>rf/. 
 [A true Astarff, A\-ith external ligament, with one ant. lat. tooth in 
 oue valve, and one post. lat. tooth in the opposite, well developed. 
 Tliis character was noticed by J. Sby. in constitutinor the ^'cuus, 
 but becomes obsolete in the typical species. The same peculiarity 
 of mavjiiu is seen in Crussutcllu. The external rugie are sinirularly 
 irre;iukir, and not always continuous.! 
 
 71 15 Li-du f'<>xfit,\jA. 10-l.jfm. ; one sp. Esquimalt Ilarb., V. I., i'/«//. 
 
 [="Z. fomitfi, IJaird, MS.', on tablet.] 
 71 16 Niwulu Li/aliii, JJd. 8-10 fm. ; one sp. Esquimalt Ilarb., V. I., Liiall, 
 
 Resembles N. dimricata, lids., N. cadreims, lids., N. mirnlilis, 
 Ad. and Rve.. and especiallj' N. Cobboldiee from the Crag. [In the 
 early stajje, the sculpture has several anjxles, aftei^wards omy one. 
 B)th Dr. Kennerley s and Dr. Lyall's specimens appear to be = 
 Aci a cantre/tsi.'i, lids.] 
 
 The Vancouver Collections having been deposited in separate drawers, 
 excej)t the series mounted for tlie table-cases, penftission has been j,aven 
 (with the kind ;i.ssistance of Ur. Baird) to examine them minutely, and pre- 
 pare a revised list of the species. The marine shells will be found in the 
 sixth column of the general Vancouver and Californian Table. The ful- 
 owing require special mention. 
 
 So. 
 
 17. " Tererfofn^hrutta,''' teste Jeffr. ; out of block of wood from Xai-ni-mo ITarb., 
 
 V. I., Lord. 
 Ti-redo. Shelly tube of larpe ?p. Esquimalt Ilarb., Lord. 
 
 18. Neta-^toma Daririnii. Ivsquinialt Ilarb., Lord. One adult but injured speci- 
 
 men. [For this singular I'holad, with duck-bill prolongations of the valves, 
 a subgenus of Fliolwlidea is proposed, as its characters do not accord with 
 Jouunettia, under which it is placed in the Cumingian Collection J 
 
 19. " Sitxicuva riKjoui.'' Several typical specimens ; Esquimalt Ilarb., Lord, taken 
 
 out of interior of hard stone, mto which they appear to have bored. 
 
 20. " CaJli.ftii 'fpannoxa." Esquimalt Il&rh., Lord. One young sp. [^= Saxidomus 
 
 squalidi(,%, jun.] 
 
 21. " Tapes rii,idii."' Esquimalt Ilarb., Lord, common. [An instructive seri<>5, 
 
 some with very clo.'se and fine, others with distant, strong ribs. Some have 
 ribs large and rounded, approaching the sculpture of Cardia. Some change 
 suddenly from one form to another. = T. stnminea, var. Petifii.'\ 
 
 22. " Cardium VaUfoniieme, Uesh." 8-15 fm. Vancouver Is., Lyall. [=vap- 
 
 hlanduni. Tablet contains fllso young sp. of C. corbis.] 
 
 23. " Cardita veiitrieosa, Gld." 8-16 fm. Vane. Is., Lyall. [Not ventricose, 
 
 exactly resembles the East Coast specimens of Few. borealis dredged by Dr. 
 Sti:npson.] 
 
 24. " A)ioih)tta roi/)iata, Gh\." [_=A. Oreffonensis, J^eR.'\ Lake Osoyoos, Br. Col. 
 
 Lord. Two sp. Also Freshwater Lake, Nootka Sound, Lijall. 
 „ Anodoida 't Orei/oneuHs, 'y\n. Freshwater Lake, Nootka, V. I., L^ord \ one sp. 
 
 25. Anodoida r yuttiilUuita. Freshwater Lake, Nootka, Vane. Is., Zo/y/; one sp. 
 Jil). AnudutUu IJ'a.'i'uiiiUu.isij. Fieshwater Lake, Nootka, Vaac. Is., Z-r</j luui sp 
 
 91 
 
606 REPORT— 1863. 
 
 No 
 
 20. Anodfmta ? Wuhlamafenns, jun. Sumass Prairie, Fraser Fiiver, Brit, CoL, 
 J^trd ; one spi'ciinen. 
 
 27. Anodonta unijulata. Fort Colville, Columbia R.,Zorrf; onn speciiiion [irregu- 
 
 lar and nuic-h eroded. The hinfre-line is \\aved and a false '' tooth " pro- 
 duced, in consequence of which it has been named] " AUisniodon.'' 
 
 28. " Pecten rubiduji, lids." Vane. Is., Li/all. [Hinds's type in lir. Mus. appears the 
 
 ordinary form, of which P. fi(idiifKi= hen'reti^ is the hijihiy sculptured var. 
 This shell, which is more allied to Idandiciis, may stand as P. J2ii(d.iii.~j 
 20. Hinnites </i't/anteiis. Island i\ miles above Cape Mudpe, Li/all. 
 
 30. Odrea lurida. Esquimalt Ilarb., Zo/rf. Dredfjred-up by Indians in small hand- 
 
 nets with long handles, in 2-."} fm., on mud-flats. 
 
 31. " Placunanomia cepio, Gray.' Esquimalt Ilarb., I-ord. On island rock, 
 
 between tide-marks. \_=P- macroschiftma, smooth, hollow form.] 
 
 32. " Chiton {Plati/s-mus) TfWt/ieswn.^A;^, Midd.,= (7. Iliiuidi, Kve." Esquimalt 
 
 Ilarb., Lord. One very tine specimen. [Quite distinct from Mopalia Jlindsii 
 ( (Jray) ; differs but slightly from M. miiwosa, Gld.] 
 
 33. "Chiton ? IfPint/atns.'" Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One specimen. [ = /»c^rtO- 
 
 cIiitonJlecfMis.^ 
 
 34. " Chiton dentien.% (rid.. ? = marfiinatiis.''' Esquimalt Harb.. /j>rd. Two spe- 
 
 cimens. \^ = IiKhnochiton pseiulodentiem. Kot congeneriii with the British 
 Leptochiton cinerem=marf/inatm.'] 
 
 35. Acni'^^a " mitella, Mke." Esquimalt Ilarb., Zorrf. [Probably A. pelta, jun. 
 
 Xot sculptured, as is the tropical species.] 
 
 36. " Acmfsa ?tistiidin(dis, jun." Esquimalt Ilarb., iwrf. One younp: sp. [with 
 
 extremely close tine striae ; colour in festoons of oranpre-brown pencilling on 
 white ground. Might stand well for A. testudinalis, but probably = ^. 
 patina, var. pintadina.^ 
 
 37. M(in/arifa " eostelhtii. i^hy." Esquimalt Ilarb., Zorrf. [= M. pupilla, GM.'] 
 
 38. Crepidida lint/ idata, Hid. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Three young sp. [Apex 
 
 smooth, imbedded, passing into the aculeata type. The species probably= 
 i . dorsafa, Brod.] 
 
 39. " Melania silictda, Gld., ? = rttdem, Rve." Attached to weeds and float'ng 
 
 sticks in swift stream on prairie, at Nisqually, W. T., Lord. [=plicifera, 
 small var.] 
 
 40. Priene Orefionenm. Port Neville, 6 fm., Lyall. [Very fine ; but opercula 
 
 probably misplaced.] 
 
 41. " Nitidella " (/aiisapata, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. [A beautiful series of 
 
 highly painted specimens. Operculum Nassoid, not Pm-puroid ; therefore 
 ranks under Ami/cla.] 
 
 42. " Vitidaria lactiica." Vancouver's Island, Li/ali. [A fine series of Pirpura 
 
 cri'ipafa and vars., among which is a lilac-tinted specimen.] 
 
 43. Purpura decemcostata, Vauc. Is., Lyall. [ = canalicidata. Operc. as in Ocinebra 
 
 lurida.'] 
 
 44. " Funm Orphem "' [Bd., not] Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Five sp., with 
 
 crabs. [ = Ocinebra inferfossa, very tine.] 
 
 45. Trophon Orphfit.t, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One fresh specimen. 
 40. Helix Tou-n*endiana. very fine. Sumass Prairie, Fraser River, Lord. 
 
 40ft. " Helix Toicmendiana, small vai"." Fort Colville, Columbia R. j also sum- 
 mit of Rocky Mts., Lord. 
 
 47. ZTc/jr/Wc/iV, typical, jun. and adult. Vane. Is., Zorrf. 
 
 476. Hflix f delis. I^rge but very pale var. Sumass Prairie, Eraser R., Lord. 
 
 48. " Helix Thoimrm, jun." Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord. 
 
 49. " Hefix lnhiata= Columbiana, \a,T." Vancouver Is., Lord, [closely resembling 
 
 H. nifeitctns^. 
 
 50. " Helix iellicnta,Yb!>." Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., t<w*<f. [= Frtnco«»w«j.<i»«.] 
 .'>l. Helix [like rotundata']. Fort Colville, Columbia R., lA)rd. Two specimens. 
 52. Zonitea [like excavatcr,. Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. One specimen. 
 5:^. Zonitts [like electrina]. Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. Seven 8]iecinien9. 
 5L Pajya, sp. iml. jun. Lake Osoyons. British Columbia, Lord. One specimen. 
 
 [Genus not found before, ngrth of CaiIiOiuia.1 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OP XOIITH AMERICA. COT 
 
 Vo. 
 
 65. " Siiceinfn ri'»tica>ia. Ci\d." Sumass Prairie, Fraser K., Zort/. [Scarcely to be 
 distiuiruisbed from the Europet-.n S. 2)ntri.s.^ 
 
 56. " Planorhis corpidentus, Hay." Lake Osoyoos ; Syuiakwateen j Marsh, Koo- 
 
 tanie East, Brit. Col., Lord. 
 
 57. Plaiiorbts 'f giibcrfimtiig, var. Sumass Prairie, Brit. Col., Lord. 
 
 58. " Limncea staynalis," typical, tiue, and abuudaut. Lake Usoynos, Fi-aser R., 
 
 Lord. 
 
 58. Limtieea stagnalis, long narrow spire, mouth swollen, closely fenestrated. 
 Marshy stream, Syniakwateen, Lord. 
 
 6S. '' LiiniK&a ?desidiosa, Say."' Lake Osoyoos ; three sp., Lord. [Exactly re- 
 sembles a var. of the widely distributed L. catanwta, which was found in 
 profusion in the Madison Lakes, Wise.] 
 
 60. "LimtMa ?de.ndiosa, Sav." Syniakwateen, Brit. Col., Lord. One sp. [Very 
 
 turrited, whirls swollen ; epidermis linelv striated. Tiie same species occurs* 
 as " L. meffasoma, Say. Lake Osoyoos.' ] 
 
 61. " Phi/sa heterostropha, Say." Sumass I'rairie, Fi-aser R. A variety from Lake 
 
 Osoyoos, Lord. 
 
 62. ^lysa [probably young of Lordi, but with orange band inside labrum.] Koo- 
 
 tanie R. East, Brit. Col., Lord. One sp. 
 
 Besides the shells preserved in the National Collection, the following 
 epecies were also brought by the Expedition : — 
 
 63. Terehratula unguicidm, n. s. Vane. Is., Forbes. One adult .specimen, Mus. 
 
 Cum. [Extremely interesting as being the only sculptured specirs knowu 
 recent. The young shells from California were naturally ailiiiated to 
 Terebratella captd-serpentis bj' Messrs. Reeve and Ilanley ; but the adult ha« 
 the loop similarl}' incomplete.] 
 
 64. Hh'/nconetla pxittacea. Vane. Is., Forbes. One specimen, Mus. Cum. 
 
 Co. Darina declivis, n. s. Vane. Is., Forbes. One specimen. [The only other 
 species of Darina is from the West Coast of S. America.] 
 
 66. dementia »ibdiaphima. Vane. Is., Forbes. One broken sp. 
 
 67. Siixidomus brecisiphonatus, n. s. This unique shell is marked "Vancouver 
 
 Island" in Mr. Cuming's Collection, and is believed by him to have furuud 
 a part of Dr. Forbes's series. The shape resembles Callista, without luuule. 
 The mantle-bend is remarkably small for the genus. 
 63. Melania, n. s.) teste Cuming. Vane. Is., Forbes. [Two specimens, with very 
 fine spiral striae, sent to Philadelphia for identification. j 
 
 69. Mesa/ia lacteola. Vane. Is., Forbes. One sp., Mus. Cum. 
 
 70. Pteropoda, several species, of which two are new, teste Cuming ; but they may 
 
 have been collected on the voyage. Forbes. 
 
 The collections made on the British Survey are peculiarly valuable to the 
 student in consequence of the great perfection of the specimens. They have 
 generally been obtained alive, and arc often the finest known of their kinds. 
 The occurrence, however, of a specimen of the tropical OrthaUrns zebra, 
 narked " Vancouver's Island," in Mr. Lord's collection*, is a useful lesson. 
 Wlien such reliable data are thus found possessed of adventitious materials, 
 it will not be regarded as a slight on the collections of the most careful 
 naturalists when specimens are regarded as of doubtful geographical accuracy. 
 In Dr. Lyall's collections there also occur specimens of the well-known Fafefia 
 Mitfj/elhtnica and Trophon Magellamcus, duly marked " Vancouver's Island," 
 though no doubt collected in the passage round Cape Horn. The naturalists 
 ©f the American Expl. Expeditions generally travelled across the continent. 
 
 104. The latest exploration undertaken for State purposes is aLo for our 
 present object by far the most important, both as relates to the number of 
 
 • Mr. Lord writes, "The fact of my having found this shell, alive, on Vaneourer 
 Island is beyond question. How it got thera I do not ^)retend to say ; it was rery pot* 
 •ibly brought by soine ship," 
 
 93 
 
603 REPORT— 18C3. 
 
 species authentically collected and the thoroughly competent and accnrate 
 miinner in which the necessary iutbrmation is being recorded. It is no longer 
 I'ft to the great nations bordeiing on the Atlantic to send exploring expe- 
 ditions to the Pacific. The State of California, only born in I80O, has so 
 rapidly attained maturity that when she was barely ten years old she con- 
 sidered science a necessary part of her political constitution, and organized a 
 " State Geological Survey," under the direction of I'rof. Whitney. To this 
 survey Dr. J. G. Cooper (whose collections for the Pacific Railway Explora- 
 tions have already been reported, riV/^ pp. 597-001) was appointed zoologist, 
 and Mr. W. M. Gabb (formerly of Philadelphia) palaeontologist. The friendly 
 iflations established with both these gentlemen at the Smithsonian Institu- 
 tion not only put them in possession of the special desiderata on the present 
 branch of inquiry, but have resulted in unreserved interchange of facts and 
 opinions, by means of which a large instalment of the malncological results 
 of the Survey can be embodied in this Report. Dr. Cooper has not only ex- 
 jilored the whole coast and the neighbouring islands from Monterey to Saa 
 Diego, but has dredged extensively from shoal-water to 120 fathoms, keeping 
 accurate lists of all acquisitions from each locality. Having an artist's 
 pencil as well as a naturalist's eye, he has drawn the animals from life, and 
 already subjected many of them to dissection. The war has to some extent 
 suspended the operations of the survey ; but it is confidently expected that 
 the State will do justice to herself by is.'^uiug, with suitable illustrations, 
 the full results of her ofiBcers' labours. The first public notice of tlie mol- 
 luscs appears in the Proc. Cid. Ac. N. S , Nov. ord, 1862, pp. 202-207. 
 Here Dr. Cooper, speaking of the new species, writes with a modesty which 
 is not always credited to American naturalists by Europeans, — "As they 
 may have been collected either by the N.W. Boundary Survey or at Capo 
 iSt. Lucas, it has been considered safest, in order to avoid confusion, to send 
 specimens or drawings of them to [the writer], that he may compare 
 them with the above collections, and decide wliother they are re;illy new." 
 He gives valid rea.-ons, however, for describing the following soft Mollusca, 
 Unfortunately for French and German uatui-alists, the diagnoses ai-e ia 
 English only. 
 
 page. 
 
 2oJ. Strategns (n. g.) imrmis, n. s. More highly organized than any other genus 
 of Opisthobratichiata ; creeps slowly among the grasses in the niiukly parts 
 of San Diego Bay, looking like a large caterpillar. Not unconunon. 
 
 203. Pleiirophi/llidia Californica, n. s. Closely resembles P. lineata of S. Europe. 
 
 "From the distance of locality there can, however, be no iuentity of 
 species." [?] Numerous in Dec, crawling and bunowiiig on sandy Hal^ 
 in San Diego Bay; none in Jan., after the floods. [Dr. Cooper writes that 
 the body of fresh water was so great in some places as to kill the marine 
 molluscs for a considerable distance beyond the estuaries, and thus mate- 
 rially alter the pre-existent fauna.] 
 
 204. Doris Montereyensis, n. s., 0-10 fm., adhering to sandstone. Monterey Bay, 
 
 very rare. Small specimens in San Francisco Baj', Frick. 
 204. Doris {Asteronotus) sam/uiiiea, n. s. Under stones in San Diego Bay ; rare. 
 204. Doris (? Asteronotus) aUibasfrina, n. a. Under stones in S. Diego Bay. One sp. 
 
 204. Doris (? Actinoci/clus) iSatulieffensis, n. s. Very active among grass on mud- 
 
 ilats near lo* -water mark, San Diego Bay ; coi^mon before the flood. 
 
 205. .^Eolis {';' Flabellina) optilescem, n. s. Comiuou among grass in San Diego Bay. 
 205. AHolis (? Phidiana) iodinea, n. s. Among algae on rocks outside San Diego 
 
 Bay. 
 207. Tritortia Palmeri, n. 8. San Diego, common " in same localities as the Dt~ 
 phyllidia. Named after Mr. Edward Palmer, a zealous natuialist, who 
 assisted me while at San Diego." 
 
 u 
 
OS MOLLCSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMEKICA. COD 
 
 Dr. Cooper's second paper " On Xew or Rare MoUusca inlia>)itinj? the C'oa-t 
 cf California," in the Proc. Cal. Ac. X. S., Aug. 17, 1»(53, contiiiiis (En-;lwi) 
 descrii^tions of the following species. He observes that " >Sfitt<t Burlinra and 
 /<anta Barbara Islmul are very different in the groups of animals inhabiting 
 tliem, although the island is only thirty-five miles from the mainland. 
 L'ttalina Islcnul is twenty-four miles from the mainland, and the molluscs 
 are very different from both the mainland and the other islands, being the 
 richest locality on our shores." 
 
 Page. 
 
 57. Aplysia Califomica, Cp. ; for which is constituted a 9ubg-enu«. Xcaph/sia : 15 
 
 inches by 5 *. Three specimens ; San I'edro beach, afcer slurui ; slomacli full 
 
 of algae. Fig. 14. 
 C8. Nararchiis, Cp. Tr. Cal. Ac, Apr. 1863. 
 „ Navmchus uwrmis, Cp.,= fitrateyua t., Cp., anteh. Catalina Island, 10 fms., 
 
 in seaweed. 1 specimen. 
 „ Doris albopnnctata, Cp. Santa Barbara, 20 fui., rocky bottom. Catalina 
 
 Island, rocks, 1. w. 
 ,, Doris Mnntereyensis, Cp. Ganta Barbara Island, rocks, 1. w. 
 „ Doris smujnima, Cp. 4 sp. with the last. " Stellate structure not discnvered." 
 „ Doris iktii'liegensis, Cp. 2 sp., with the last. " .Vll these species belong to 
 
 Doris, typical." 
 59. Trio/'d Cafitli/ileifCp. 4 sp., on algre among rocks, l.w. Cat.ilina Is'.and. 
 „ Dendronotiis jw, Cp. Several sp. thrown on beach by storm, Santa IJarbara; 
 
 1 sp. dredged on seaweed, 28 tin. Verv vai'iable in colour, 'r = '■' Dendrono- 
 
 <»s,sp.,"(ild.,E. E.Moll. 
 ,, yEoIis Barbaretms, Cp. 1 sp., 10 fm., rocky bottom, Santa Barbara. 
 CO. Flahcllina opalescent, Cp., = ^uilis u., C^., aiiteii. AN'ith the last: also shore 
 
 of Santa Barbara Island, rare. 
 „ Piddania iidinea, C]).,=.-Eolis i., Cp., ardea. Santa Barbara, beach, 1 sp. 
 „ CJtiorcera leonina, Gid. 1 sp., in 20 fm. Santa Baibaia. 
 
 Sept. 7th, 18(53. Dr. Cooper described a veiy interesting new genns of 
 Puliuonates, only found at the head of one ravine in Santa Buroaia Isiami, 
 ■with '' myriads of Helix Kdltttii [=11. Tryoni, v. note *, p. IIOJ, and two 
 otUcr species, probaldy new." Full particulars of its habits are given. It 
 h.Ks the mantle of Li)tui,r, dentition of Heliiiil'v, and shed resembling Daudt~ 
 bardia and Uomalony.v [=:Omalony.v, D'Orb.]. 
 02, 03. Binneya notabilis, Cp. 3 living and 18 dead shells. Fig. lo (five views). 
 
 Jan. 18th, 1804. The remaining land-shells of the Survey were described 
 (with Latin diagnoses) by Dr. Newcomb, in a paper communicated to the 
 Ai ademy by Dr. Cooper. Specimens of many of them will be found in the 
 Cummgian Collection. 
 
 110. ILli.r Tryoni, Newc. Santa Barbara and S.Nicholas Islands, abundant; 
 living. "=i/. KlUettii, Cp., p. 03." 
 „ Ildix crebristri(da, Newc. San Clemente Island ; abundant. " Closely allied 
 to H. intercisa, imd very variable." 
 ii7. Jlc/ix rufocinda, Newc. Catalina Island, .-estivating under stones; rare. 
 S. Diego ; 1 dead sp. Outline like //. Pytyonvsica : umbilicus open or 
 neaiiy closed. 
 „ JLiix Gabb'i, ^evrc. San Clemente Isl. 1 sp., like ^. /flc/rt. 
 118. lldix fada, Newc. Santa Barbara Isl., very common j San Nicholas Isl., 
 rare. Somewhat like If. Bothi. 
 „ Ildix Whdiii'yi, Newc. Near Lake Taho, Sierra Nevada, 0100 feet high. 
 3 sp. under bark, near stream, with //. Bntceri and H, dicrsina. Kesembles 
 //. driutdla. 
 
 • Molluscs, as well hs trees, asaiinie giant proportions in California : e. g. Sdiizoihorru* 
 (witVi sipU'ins) 10 in., Aiiiusium 8 in., Luuatia (^ciartUug) 10 m., Mj/iilus \) in., im. 
 
 t f'ii. e note t, p. 604. 
 I80a. gg 
 
610 BEPORT— 18G3. 
 
 118. Hvlix Breweri, Xewc. Near Lake Taho ; 8 sp. (Also 1 sp. from motintains in 
 Northern Galiforuia, rruf. Brewer.) Like //. arhona. 
 „ ILlit Duranti, Newc. Santa Barbara Isl. " Like Pianorbis albus=hirsiittis, 
 Gld." 
 
 Dr. Newcomb also identified the following species in the State Coliection :— 
 i 19. Ife/uc arrosa, Gld. Common near mouth of S. Francisco Bay. 
 
 Ife/ix prrosa, yellow var. Santa Cruz, JRovjell. 
 
 Helix fCalifomiensis, Lea, or fXickliniatia, Lea ; var., Cooper. 
 
 Helix Carpenteri, Newc. Broken dead fhell, head of S. Joaquin Valley, Galb, 
 
 Helix Columbiana, Lea. Near S. Francisco. 
 
 Helix chersina, Say. Very large, near Lake Taho, Cooper. 
 
 Helix Thouarsii, Desh. Pt. Cypres?, Monterey, Coop-r. 
 
 Helix exaraia, l*fr. Mt. Diablo, Brewer ; Santa Cruz, Bofcell. 
 
 Helix fidelis. Gray. Humboldt Bay and mountains, lat. 42°, Bracer. Black 
 var., I'nck, 
 
 Helix infumata, Gld. Near Ballenas Bay, Rowell. 
 
 Helix Kellettii, Fbs. S. Diego, Catalina Isl., tine var., Cooper. 
 
 Helix loricata, Gld. Near Oakland, ycwcomb. 
 
 Helix Newberryana, Bin. Temescal Mountains, near Los Angeles, Breicer, 
 
 Helix Nickliniana, Lea. Common near S. Francisco Bay, Cooper, 
 
 Heliv sjwrtella, Gld. Near S. Francisco Bay, Cooper. 
 
 HelLt MormoHum, Pfr. San Joaquin Valley, Gabb; north to Mt. Shasta, 
 Brewer. 
 
 Heliv Traskii,'Se-wc. Mountains near Santa Barbara, i?/-<'wer. May be = 27. 
 Thouarm'i, var. 
 
 Helu- tudiciilata, Bin. Near S. Diego and S. Pedro, Cooper. 
 
 Heliv Vancouvereusis, Lea. De Fuca, Gabb : perhaps extends south to Hum- 
 boldt Bay. 
 
 Dr. Palmer sent a valuable consignment cf shells collected by him between 
 San Diego and S. Pedro to the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Cooper obtained 
 permission to send the first series of duplicates, duly numbered, for identi- 
 fication, to the Smithsonian Institution. This invaluuble scries was lost in 
 the "Golden Gate." The gold was recovered, and much of it stolen ; the far 
 more precious shells remain, unnaturally located, in their native element — 
 a puzzle, perhaps, to palaeontologists in some coming age. Other series, though 
 not so complete, have since been received in safety; and through the libe- 
 rality of the Californian Survey and of the Smithsonian Institution, as well as 
 through the energy and kindness of Dr. Cooper, they are already being dis- 
 tributed to the Cumingian Collection, the British Museum, the museums at 
 Cambridge, Mass., Philadelphia, Albany, Montreal, &c., as well as to the col- 
 lections of working naturalists. The stations being now discoveied, it is to be 
 hoped that in a few years Californian ehells will cease to be objects of great 
 rarity in this country. At the request of Dr. Cooper, in order that he might 
 proceed with other departments of his labours, all the new species which have 
 been seen in England have been described in conjunction with those from 
 other sources. On those which are only known here by the beautiful drawings 
 Bent by the collector, it would be unsafe and premature to irajMse a name. 
 The diagnoses are being published in the Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., and should be 
 accredited to the zealous zoologist of the Survey, rather than to the mere 
 artist-in-words who endeavours to represent their forms to the reader. It 
 will be understood that the lists now to be presented, though correctrd to the 
 date of going to press, are still incomplete; and that the infurmatiuu has beca 
 
 ^ _„_ 
 
ON MOLLrSCA OP THK WEST COAST OF XORTH AMERICA. 611 
 
 compilerl from Dr. Cooper's letters received at different times, •without oppor- 
 tunity for his revision. iShould errors, however, have esruped detection, they 
 will, no doubt, be coirected, and omis.sions supplied, in the forthcoming Ke- 
 poits of the Survey. The species either new to science, or now first found in 
 the Californian branch of the fauna, are as follows : — 
 
 >'o. 
 
 1. Drfrancia itUricata. S. Diego, on PhasianeUa cmn/iia, &c. Maz. Cat., no. 13. 
 
 2. Tenbratula unyuiculus. Monterey to IS. Uiego : yoiing shells iu (i-20 I'm. : 
 
 not rare. 
 
 3. Terebrafella ? caurina. Catalina Is., 80 fm. ; living; rare. 
 
 4. Wahnu'imin Grayi. Catalina Is., 120 fm. 
 
 6. Zirph'Hi crLspata. Fragments from S. Diego appear (very unexpectedly) to 
 belong to this northern sipecies. 
 
 6. Corhula luteola, n.s. 8. I'edro — S. Diego ; common near shore. 
 
 7. Neara pectinata. Santa Barb., Cat. Is., 40-GO fin. (Puget iSd., Kennmey). 
 
 8. Ki nnerlia bicarinata, n.s. Cat. Is., 40-00 fin. ; rare. 
 
 9. Entodemia in/lata, Conr., = diap/iana,CpT. N'eiU* S. Diego ; 1 valve (Pw/mjc/*). 
 
 10. rii'ctodon scahcr, n.g. and n.s. Cat. Is. ; 2 similar valves, 40-00 fm. 
 
 11. Macoma inf/iiin<ifa. S.Francisco; rare. 
 
 12. Macuma yohU/ormis. S. Diego. (Puget Sound, Kennerley.) 
 1;}. Macoma indodata, n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 14. Anyidus varicyatin, n.s. Mont., Cat. Is., 20-00 fin. ; rare. (Neeah Bay, Swan.) 
 
 15. Arcojxiyia laimdlata. S. Diego. =Maz. Cat., no. o8. 
 
 10. (Edalia ( Cooperelh) scintillctformis, u.suhg., n.s. S.Diego. Santa Barbara la. 
 
 17. Himele rupium. Catalina Is. ; not rare. (Also Galapagos.) 
 
 18. Semcle pidchra. S. Diego. (Also Cape St. Lucas, Acapulco.) 
 
 19. Scmele inconyrua, n.s. Catalina Is., 40-00 fm. ; couinion. 
 
 20. Pii-phis nalmonea, n.s. S. Diego, Cat. Is., 3' '-40 fm. ; rare. 
 
 21. Piteplii^ Lordi. Cat. Is., 20-40 fm. ; common. (Puget Sound, A'enww/*?]/.) 
 
 22. 'fA4arte Jiiictuatd, n.s. Cat. Is. ; 2 similar valves : 40 fm. (Very like the Crag 
 
 fossil, A. omaria, jun. ; but Dr. Cooper considers it a VniasateUa) 
 
 23. Vi'tiericardia borealis. Cat. Is., 120 fm. The typical. Hat New England form. 
 
 The small swollen var.,= V. ventricosa, (jld., is also found at Cat. Is., in 
 30-40 fm. 
 
 24. 3fiodon prolongatus. (Xeeah Bay, Swan.) Identified from tracing only. 
 
 25. Tra;)cziiiin. One extremely young sp.= Maz. Cat., no. 120 (not like T. Z>m- 
 
 perryi). S. Diego. 
 2''). C/iama ?spinosa. S. Diego. (One young valve sent.) 
 
 27. Cardium (?modestum, var. ) centifilosum. Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. [Tlie differences 
 
 between this and the Ivistern Pacific shell are probably only varietal.] 
 
 28. Ilcmicardittm hiaiiyulatum. Cat. Is., living iu 10-20 fui. (Also Acapulco, 
 
 I'anama.) 
 
 29. Liocardiian elatum. S. Diego ; very large (Maz. Cat., no. 124). 
 
 30. Liicina U'mmcidpta. S. Diego, living in 4 fm. ( Also Puget Sound, Kimnfrhy.) 
 
 Var., dead in 120 fm., Cat. Is. (approaching L. Mazatlanica, Maz. Cat., 
 no. 144). 
 
 31. Lticina borealis. Cat. Island, 120 fm. " =L. acuteJirata, Conr., foss. E. E." 
 
 [Fxactlv agrees with British examples.] 
 
 32. Cryptodo'nfexuosun. Cat. Is., 120 fm. Ditto. 
 
 3."). Krii'ia mbufbictiktris. S. Diego ; Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. Ditto. 
 
 34. Killia (var.) C/iironii. S. Diego. (Also Neeah Bay, iSiian.) 
 
 35. Lasea ruhra. Cat. Is., shore (typical). 
 T)*!. l.epton mevoeinn, n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 37. Tillimya tuinida. S. Diego. {\.\bo Puget Sound, KennnrUy.) 
 
 38. Pridfs ohlonyus, n.g., n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 SO. CrrncUa dec'm<ata. Cat. Is., 10-40 fm. ; not rare. (The ordinary British, not 
 
 the New England form.) 
 40. Bnrbatia gradata. S. Diego ; Mai. Cat., no. 104. 
 4m A.rinfca iidermedia. Monterey — S. Diego, Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. [Scarcely differs 
 
 from the South American shelL It is the A. liaibaremis, Conr., of Pac. 11. 
 
 K. fossils, teate Cooper. J 
 7 97 
 
CI 2 REPORT— 1SG3. 
 
 4J. Anln ra^firn^i^. Cat. Is., 40-^)0 fm. (Also Puf^?t Sound, Kennerley!) 
 
 4"!. Lvda finieata, teste Han;. Mont. — .S. Diejro ; Cat. Is., lO-lK) I'm. 
 
 44. Lt'da hanutta, n.s. Santa Barbara ; Cat. Is., 20-00 fm. ; common. 
 
 4-'5. I'ertirordia onta(a,\)'Oi:h. Santa Barbara ; Cat. Is., 20-40 fm. rE.xactlj- ac- 
 
 cor.ls with the Japanese species, noremcottafti, teste A. Adams.] 
 4*'). Jiri/o/M/a mto-a. (Cape St. Lucas. Xuntiis.) Identilied from traiinir, no. OSO. 
 47. Lima o^'iVv/^a/w (iu Mas. Cum., =:rfe/.Mce«s, Conr., teste Cooper). Mont. — iSan 
 
 Die^o ; Cat. Is., beach to 20 fuK ; common. 
 4"*. Liinntula suhauricidata. "10-120 fm., Cat. Is. ; not rare : 1 valve in 4 fm., San 
 
 Diefjo. [Exactly atrrees with British specimens.] 
 40. Jmiint dentata. Monterey, S. Biego, beach to 20 fm. (Also Cape St. Lucas, 
 
 Xdiitus. ) 
 50. Cacoliiia tdemm. Cat. Is. ; dead in 30-00 fm. (Also Vancouver, Lyall.) 
 
 61. Tdtnatinn carinata. S.Diego. (Also Mazatlan, i^w/pw. ) 
 52. Pedipes liratiis. S. Diego. (Also Cape St. Lucas, Xantiis.) 
 
 6:J. UcnfaltHm {var.) Indianonim. Mont. — Cat. Is., 20 fm. ; common. [Probably 
 a striated var. of pretimum, which Sowerby doubtfully, and Dr. Baird cou- 
 fidently, affiliate to 2). entale.'] 
 
 64. Dentaliutn setnipolitum. S. Diego. (Also La Paz.) 
 
 o">. JJeiifalium he.vuyonum. S. Diego. (Also W. Mexico.) 
 
 50. Acanf/iuc/iites avicula, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fin. ; rai"e. 
 
 57. Acanthopleura JliLva, n.s. Cat. Is. 
 
 68. Isc/iiiocfiitoH veredentiem, n.s. Cat. Is., 10-20 fm. 
 
 50. I:irhnorhiton (Lepidopleiirits) pertiiiotits, n.s. Cat. Is., beach. 
 
 00. Ischnochiton ( Lepidopkurus) scabricMatu^, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. 
 
 01. Isc/inoc/n'fon (Trachi/dermon) pseudodeiUii'iis. S.Diego. (Also Puget Sound, 
 
 Keiinerlt'j/.) 
 
 62. Ixchnocltiton (Trachj/dermon) gothicus, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. 
 05. Leptochiton nexus, n.s. Cat. Is., 20-80 fm. 
 
 04. Xaci'lla (?paleacea, var.) triangidaris. Monterey. 
 
 O-). ?Xtic('l/(i suh,y)indis. Cat. Is.. 10-20 fm. [May be the young of the long-lost 
 
 Patella cahjptra, Mart. ; unless thf>t b" a Droken Ciepidtda aduiica.'] 
 60. Scurria (y var. ) funicidala. Monterey ; rare. 
 
 07. Piiin-tni-fUa cuciiUafa. Monterey. (Also Puget Soimd, U. S. E. E.) 
 0-<. PuiidurcUa Coopcri, n.s. Cat. Is., 30-120 fm. ; not rare. 
 (50. ^Iittpcrafor s-rratits, l-'Pn.s. Monterey ; Cat. Is., 10-20 £in. [Dr. Cooper thinks 
 
 this shell probably the young of Pomaulax.'\ 
 
 70. ? Li'pfonijx h<w>da, n.s. Cat. Is., beach, dead. 
 
 71. Gihhida optubilis, n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 72. Calliodoma stipragranosinn, n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 73. Cidliodoma yemmulatum, n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 74. Calliodoma spleiidens, n.s. Mont. ; Cat. Is., G—40 fm. 
 
 75. Maryurita (!-var. ) sulmonea. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 0-40 fm. [Intermediate be- 
 
 tween viuhdata and piipiUa.~\ 
 70. Maryiiiifa acaticostata. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. [Fossil, Santa Barbara, 
 Jeicett.'] 
 
 77. Solarielld peramahili , .-n.s. Cat. Is., 40-120 fin. ; living. [Differs but slightly 
 
 from S. ay)cda, Japan, A. Ad.^ 
 
 78. Etholia supravallatu, n.s., and ?var. mvallata. S. Diego. 
 70. Liutia fenedrata, n.s. Cat. Is., beach to 40 fm. ; dead. 
 
 80. Liotia acufico<4ata, n.s. Mont. : Cat. Is., 10-20 fm. 
 
 81. CWpiditla excavata, \a.T. \un. Santa Barbara Island. 
 
 82. Ga'erus contortus, n.s. Mont. — S. Diego, 20-40 fm. 
 
 8>. iiippunyx serratns. Santa Barbara Island ; 1 sp. Maz. Cat., no. 340. 
 
 84. Occmn crebricinctam, U.S. Mont. — S. Diego ; Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. 
 
 85. Ca-cinn Cooperi, n.8. S. Diego. [Two fine species of the AneUum 
 
 group.] 
 80. Titrritella Cooperi, Pn.s. S. Diego ; Cat. Is. ; common. [May prove identical 
 
 with one of Conrad's imperfectly described fossils in P. R. £. E.] 
 87. Mesalia tenuisculpta, n.a. S. Diego ; shoal water. 
 
 98 
 
ON MOLLtJSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 613 
 
 88. L'iftt'tnn armiUatum. S. Diego. [FosMl, Santa Barbara, Jewetf.l 
 
 8y. liittium aqyenim. S. Diego ; Cat. Is., beach to 40 Im. [^osj'ilj tJanta Barbnj^. 
 
 JeicettJ] 
 90. I^apt's fenentrafa, n.s. S. Diego. (Also Neeah Eav, Swan.) 
 
 01. Ixnpis ohtma, n.s. Mont. — S. Diego; Cat. Is., 10-20 fm. 
 
 02. Jiixsoi'na interfossa, n.s. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 8-10 fm, 
 0;i. Hissoa acuiehrata, n.s. S. Diego *. 
 
 94. Fenella piipoidea, n.s. Mont., 20 fm. ; rare. 
 
 0*). ?Ai»phithala7nu8 laciinatus, n.s. S.Diego. 1 immature speci;ri 311. 
 
 9(>. Diala acuta, n.s. Mont. • Cat. Is., Ijeach to 10 fin. 
 
 07. Diala marmorea, n.s. Monterey, S. Diego ; very rare. 
 
 98. Stiiliferina ttirrita, n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 itO. Jeffreysia translucens, n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 100. C'ifthna alhidn, n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 101. Trivia Solandri. Santa Barbara and St. Nicholas Is. ; common. 
 
 102. Ohe/isais ?variegatu8. S. Diego. (Also La I'az, Cape St. Lucas.) 
 10.$. Chrysallida piimila, n.s. S.Diego; Cat. Is. 
 
 104. Chrymdlida cincfa. n.s. Sta. Barbara Is. ; very rare. 
 
 10."). Chemnifzia chocolata, n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 10(). Chemnitzia (?fentiictda,\&T.) suhcii^pidata. S. Diego. 
 
 107. Eidima micans, n.s. S. Diego. Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. (Also Puget Sound, 
 
 Ketinerley.) 
 
 108. Eidima compacta,?n.fi. S. Diego. ^ I Dr. Cooper has not decided whether 
 100. Eidima rirtila,? n.s. Monterey. | j these be distinct species. 
 
 110. Scaluria hellostriata, a.s. Monterey. 
 
 111. Scalaria subcorotiafa, n.s. Monterey. 
 
 112. Scalaria crchricostata, U.S. Monterey, S. Diego. 
 
 113. Sc,d.:ria fCuminffii. S. Diego. 
 
 114. Scalaria findianorum, var. S. Diego. [Probably conspecific with the Van- 
 
 couver shells.] 
 
 115. Opalia borealis. Farallones Is. (Also Neeah Bay, S'icaw.) 
 110. Opalia sponffiosa, n.s. Monterey. 
 
 117. Opalia retiporosa, n.s. Cat. Is., rare and dead in 40 fm. 
 
 118. Cerithiopsis cohimna, n.s. Monterey. 
 
 110. Cerithiopsis assimihta. Cat. Is. = Maz. Cat., no. bQ^>. 
 
 120. Triforis ?adversa. Cat. Is., 10-40 fm., very rare. [The specimens sent can- 
 
 not be distinguished fi-om the Ilemi shells.] 
 
 121. Prime Oregonensis. " Comes south to Monterey.' 
 
 122. Xassa insctdpta, n.s. Cat. Is., living in 40 fm., rare. 
 l2-'$. Amycla nndata, n.s. Cat. Is., not rare in 40 fm. 
 124. Amycla chrysalloidea, n.s. S. Diego, shoal water. 
 12-"). Aitachis subtiirrifa, n.s. S. Diego. 
 
 120. Trophoii triangulutus, ?n.s. Cat. Is., 60 fm. [Resembles the yomig ot* 
 Mtire.r centrifugus.'\ 
 
 127. Argoiiaida argo. " Hundreds on beach at Sta. Cruz Is." 
 
 128. Octopus punctattts, Gahh. San Clemente Is. 
 
 120. Oiiychoteuthis fiisiformis, Gabb. San Clemente Is. 
 1.50. Omtnastrephes gigaideus, D'Orb. San Clemente Is. 
 1.31. Ommustrephes Ayresii, Gabb. San Clemente Is. "Hundreds on the beach.** 
 
 Besides the above, several species are now satisfactorily assigned to the fuiinoy 
 the evidence for which was before considered doubtful. Such are — 
 
 132. Waldheimia Califomica, Koch [non &\xct.,^ globosa, Patagonia]. 120 fm. 
 
 Catalina Is. 
 1.3.3. Clidiophora jnmctata. S. Diego to Sta. Cruz : valves common, but rare living. 
 lo4, 13.'). Standella Califomica, planulata, et ?nasuta. Conrad's types beina lost, 
 
 and his species imperfectly described from very yoimg specimens, a difficulty 
 
 * Most of tbe minute shells from S. Diego, quoted without station, were found in the 
 ehell-wabhirgs of the cunsigmuents from Dr. Cooper and Dr. Palmer. 
 
 98 
 
614 nEPORT— 18C3. 
 
 attpn<l« thoir idpntifiontion. Dt. Cooper found verylarjreTalvps fresenihlinfr 
 tkhizi)th/'r>!fi) in almndance, but much detoniied by the entrance of .sand, and 
 appan'ntly killed bv the fresh waters of the jn'eat Hood. The larjre shells 
 btlon^j: to two ver\- di.stinct species, which are probably those of Conrad ; 
 anionjr the small sliel's i? perhaps a thii-d, which may be Dr. Gould's sup- 
 pressed nfimita. 
 
 1;J(5. lidffa uiidiiliita. This rei .arkable reyeree of the Atlantic R. cannliailcda ia 
 also contirnied by rare valves from the S. Diegan di:<trict. It is not con- 
 peneric with Harvella eleyans, to which it bears but a slight external resem- 
 blance. 
 
 1;>7. 2a})e>i tnicrn'mn. Large dead valves of this very distinct species were found 
 with the StandelUe, and coufiiin Col. Jewett's young shells described as from 
 Panama. 
 
 1-M*. Pecteii fxtucicostattis. Sta. Barbara Is. [Described from Col. Jewett's valves.] 
 
 l.}!>. iJii/lu Qiioi/ii. 8. Diego. Maz. Cat. no. 220. 
 
 1-M). Triincatella Ctdifoniica. S. Diego. 
 
 141. Acinrra rosacea. Monterey to 8. Diego. This shell is named /)j7fo/»M, Midd., 
 
 in Mus. Cuming, but does not agree with the diagnosis. It can hardly be 
 distinguished from Her'm specimens of A. viryinea. It was first brought by 
 Col. Jewett, but refeiTed to Panama. 
 
 142. Amphithalamus inclmm. S. Diego. [Several specimens of ths minute but 
 
 remarkable new genus confirm a solitary shell in Col. Jewett's mixed 
 collections.] 
 
 143. Uli/nre/Ui mmphx. Verv variable in sculpture, as befits the species which 
 
 forms the northern limit of a group common between the tropics. Col. 
 Jewett's shell was in poor condition, and supposed to be the young of s 
 fnilf species. 
 
 1 44. Volrarina varia. S. Diego, Cat. Is. [Sta. Barbara, Jeirett ; also C. S. I.ucas."] 
 
 145. NaxMi CoiqHii, Fbs. S. Diego, Cat. Is. [This Kollettian shell has a double 
 
 right to its name, now that Dr. Cooper has ascertained its habitat.] 
 
 The information on station, &c., which Dr. Cooper lias sent with regard to 
 ])reviously known species, will be found incorporated in the general taV)lf of 
 the fauna. The following notes, extracted from his letters, are too valuable 
 to be omitted : — 
 
 Ilaliotis Caltfornt'ensis. " This form is so rare that I think it only a var. of 
 Crac/ierodii." 
 
 Ilaliofis. Several specimens from the Farallones present characters inter- 
 mediate between corni(/ata, rufescens, and Kamtuchatkana. It is not yet 
 ascertained whether they a»e hybrids or a distinct species. 
 
 " Livona picoides I have not found, though I have seen fresh ones from Pt. 
 Conception." 
 
 * ? Serpulorhii sqtiamii/enis. Common south of Pt. Conception ; has no 
 operculum." \The young begins like V. aueliiim, Miirch.] 
 
 Macron lividus. I'oint Loma, S. Pedro, common ; extends northwards f. tht 
 Farallones. [ = Planazi» niffritcUa, Newcomb, MS.; non auct.] 
 
 " OUvvlla semistriata, Gray, fide Newc, is a species found N. of Monterey onlv." 
 [.\s Dr. Gray's species is from Panama, that of Newcomb is probably 
 O bo'tica.] 
 
 ** Kassa mterstriata, Conr., foss. (?= N. paupera, Gld.) ; resembles N. fossata, 
 Gld { = Ii. elegans, Rve.*), but distinct. Common south from Sta. Barbara." 
 [Probably =N. perpinguis, lids. N. paupera is quite distinct, =iV. striaia, 
 C. B. Ad., teste Cuming.] 
 
 ** Fmin-elln violacea I have seen from Catalina Is." [Rsch.'s shell is generally 
 considered vS. American. ? May Dr. Cooper s be a form of volcano.^ 
 
 Acnu(<e. With regard to limpets and other variable shells, Dr. C. writes t— 
 " From my examination of large nuinl)ei3 of specimens, I am more and 
 more compelled to believe that hybrids are very frequent between allied 
 
 • Sassa elejaiu was first published, bv J, Sowerbj', in the Min. Conch. 1821. 
 
 100 
 
ox MOLLTJSCA OP THE WEST COAST uF NORTH AMERICA. 615 
 
 eppries, and that the roinparatively few links that are mct-with in larije 
 eerit's of two forms should not be allowed to unite them, but be considered 
 as hybrids." 
 
 Lvnatia Lewidi. Abundant on beach. [One pp. measures 5| in., and the 
 animal of a much similler one (4 in. J is 11 inches lon^/.l 
 
 Ostrea. " The sjiiue species throufrhout to S. Franc. : !S. Die<;o," Cuo]ier. [Be- 
 sides the typical uortlurn shell, O. luridn, are well-mai-ked l-vars. lalicumataf 
 ruf Olden, and e.tj)atisa.] 
 
 There are also several species which are quoted in Dr. Cooper's letters, or 
 appear from his .'^ketches to be quite di.stinct, or at lea^t new to the fauna : 
 but they have not yet been sent for id( ntification. Among these the following 
 are the most important. The MS. numbers refer to the tracings which Dr. 
 (.'ooi)er kindly cojiied from his orifrinal drawings. Where a " — " appears, 
 the information is derived from his letters only. 
 
 MS. No. 
 
 402. Allied to ? TJinicia. 
 
 — Cjiathotlonia, probably plicatn, Desh. (Cape St. Lucas, ^nnfus). 
 
 G20fl. FifjTure accords exactly with Voiiin foremna, GId. Catalina Is., beach. 
 lO.'jS. Figm-e accords with Liocoiicha hieroi/lyphica. Catalina Is., 120 fin. 
 IfXiO. Iteseiubles Siinnptii. Catalina Is., 40 fin. 
 
 (>7<i. Resembles CnigsaeUa Pucifica. 
 
 874. Lm-ina. 
 
 98.>. Xiwu/a, with concentric sculpture. Sta. Barbara, lo fm. 
 
 — Yoldia. One fresh valve ot a large and remarkable species, 2 '6 by 1-2 in., 
 
 with fine concentric sculpture, very inequilateral. Sta. Cruz ; on beach. 
 7olrt. ?I(iiit/iitut. 
 1077,1078. Chitonidip. Two highly sculptured species. Sta. Barbara, 12 fm. 
 
 — ?G(iditii'a. Cat. Is., CoofKr ; Farallone, Is., liouell. "The animal did'ers in 
 
 haviuir pectinated flattened tentacles. It may be the t^-pe of a new genu3 
 
 Hoiccl/ia.'' 
 400. E7nar<jinula. [The first appearance of the genus on the W. American coast.] 
 41")rt. Gb/phk. 
 
 3">4rt. Like Haplocochleas. Sta. Barbara, 15 fm. 
 504. Like lyn/ola. 40 fm. 
 
 — Triria suiif/iiineff. Dredged dead in Cat. Is. 
 
 — Trivia. " Thinner and lai'ger than «rt«^j/<rtea. Common in Lower Cal." [?s> 
 
 Paci/tca.l 
 
 — " Terchra iii)eciUata." One sp. near S. Pedro. 
 
 — Pkiir<>t(>niid(e. Several species ai-e represented only by single specimenji. 
 
 Among them are 
 
 588. Dri/lin. 
 1021. Dril/ia, 2 in. long, shaped like Mitra. One worn sp. Catalina Is., 120 isa, 
 102(1 Drillia, reversed. Catalina Is., 00 fm., living. 
 
 470rt. Clathurvlhi ( large). Sta.. Bai-b., 20 fin. 
 
 6(«. ClathureUa, 15 fin., Sta. Bai-b. 
 18o2. ?anthurella,iOiin. 
 105.3. ?Daphn<'lla, CO fin. 
 
 419, 42f>. Two species of shells resembling Daphnella. 
 10.J5. ?£ela, 80 fm. 
 
 42''a. Man(/eh'a, 15 fm., Sta. Barb. 
 
 PtdTb. Shape of Cithara, without ribs. Catalina Is., beach. 
 1028. "?Aclis," reversed. One sp., Cat. Is., 120 fm. [The figure more resembles 
 a young Vermetid.] 
 
 403. "Cancel/aria ?Tritoni(P, Shy. Agrees with Dr. Newcomb's specimen." S. 
 
 Diego, one dead on beach, 2 J in. long. 
 817. C'inoelUtria. Fragment of a second sp'icies ec^ually large. 
 10;%. Siyareftis. 40 fm., dead, Cat. Is. 
 10.")0. Lnfnel/aiia. 10 fm., Sta. Barbara. 
 (385a. 404, 818.) Xaticidce. 3 sp. 
 
 101 
 
616 REPORT— 1863. 
 
 Jf8.No. . 
 
 670. PossiTdv a srnly var. of MottiKeroa etif/onattim ; like the Piirjnirn, var. itnhr%^ 
 
 cnt(i,\)i Kurope, Idit of iliti'cit'iit colnur and texture ; ? — sj,irattnn, BlaiiiT. 
 1001. FifTure re8ein})les J e.rUla fiigvoliiieuta, Pse. Sandwich Is. 
 
 — " XaxMt, smooth, with thick lip." Cat. Is., 30 fm. [Comp. in8culpt(L'\ 
 
 — 'f Macron Kilhttii. Cat. Is., dead, in 00 iin. 
 
 — C'hn,x(>f]iiinn!< 'rtnbulatus. Cat. Is., 120 fin., voung, dead. 
 
 — Fiistit, •' like t/eiiiriil».s, Conr." Farallones is. 
 411. Trophoii, like miilficostatiis. 
 
 5156. Miiruiilea. Cat. Is., 40 fm. [The yountr shells called Trophon, TijphU, 
 &c., by Dr. Cooper can scarcely be identified vsithout a series, and tiom 
 tracings onlv.] 
 
 mM.?TyphU. Sta.'Barb., 15 fm. 
 
 520. Pferomitm crntrifuipiH, jun. S. Pedro : rare on beach. 
 
 '•'>^Ab. Muncklen, like aheata. Mont. — S. Dienro. 
 
 y5U. ?Siph<j7Mliu. Monterey, Sta. Barb., beach. 
 
 In Prof. Whitney's Preliminary Report on the Survey, Proc. Cal. Ac. p. 27, 
 3f;iy 4th, 1S63, he states ai)proximately as the result of Dr. Cooper's mala- 
 culojrical labours, up to the close of 1SG2 : — 
 
 No. of species in the collection SHij 
 
 Of which pre new to California, and Ijelieved to be undescribed .... 123 
 Other supposed Califoruian species not yet collected 65 
 
 In a Survey conducted with such cure, even negative evidence is of some 
 importance, though not conclusive. Dr. Cooper has not been able to obtain 
 the following species : — 
 
 jyi'/ieina Evnnsii. 
 
 Strujilla carntiria. [Mr. Xuttall's specimens were probably Atlantic] 
 
 Venus dispar. 
 
 Trapezium Calif nrnkimi. '[^ = Dvperryi,= Gtiiniacvm.'] 
 
 Lmina bella. [IVrhaps =pictinata, Cpr. ; but the type seems lost.] 
 
 Mitfliola nitens. [Probably an error in the Cumingrian label.l 
 
 MytiluJi (//oineratu,i,^^ = e(htlis,\a.r.^' [Perhaps an accidental var. from being 
 
 crowded on a floatiny: stick.] 
 Sarbatia pernoides. [Very probably an error in Dr. Gould's label.] 
 Area muliicostata. " Must have been broug-ht to S. Diego." 
 J*ecten purpuratus. [Ascribed to the fauna from abundant valves marked 
 • " Cal."' in the U. S. E. E. collections, but certainly from S. America. Dr. 
 
 Cooper has unfortunately not been able to discover any of the species 
 
 de.scribed by Hds.] 
 Hadius variabilis. " Doubtless exotic." 
 Polinices perspiciui. " Probably Mexican." 
 Hanella triquetra. " Probably Mexican." [Guaymas.] 
 
 105. Having now presented to the student an analysis of all that is yet 
 known of the results of public surveys, it remains that we tabulate what has 
 been accomplished by private enterprise. Mr. J. Xantus, a Hungarian gen- 
 tleman in the employ of the United States Coast Survey under the able 
 direction of Professor Bache, was stationed for eighteen months, ending July 
 1861, at Cape St. Lucas, the southern point of the peninsula of California. 
 It is a source of great benefit to natural science that the Secretary of the 
 Smithsonian Institution is also one of the acting members of the Coast Sun-ey 
 Board ; and that a harmony of operations has always existed between the 
 directors of these two scientific agencies in Washington. The publications 
 of the Coast Survey have earned for themselves a reputation not surpassed by 
 those of the oldest and wealthiest maritime nations. For obtaining data on 
 geographical distribution, Cape St. Lucas was a peculiarly valuable station, 
 being situated near the supposed meeting-point of the two faunas (v. B.A. 
 
 102 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WE3T COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 617 
 
 Kep.p.3o0); and also, not boinj? a place of trade, or even an inhabited district, 
 likely to be free from human importations, although we should be prepan d 
 to find dead exotics thrown ov iis shores both by northern and by tropical 
 currents. In his solitary and what would otherwise have been monotonous 
 life, Mr. Xantus found full •mployment in assiduously collecting specimens 
 ia all available deiuirtmcnts of natural historj- ; having received ample iii- 
 etructions, and the needtul apparatus, from the Smithsonian Institution, 
 The bulk of the shells at first received from him were worn beach njieci- 
 niens ; but afterwards several epecies were preserved, with the animals, in 
 alcohol. Mr. Xantus generously presented the first seiics of the molluscs to th(s 
 i>iuithsonian Museum, reserving the .second for his native land. The fir>t 
 'tvailable duplicates of the shells not occurring in the Keigen collection will 
 be found in the iJritish Mumuui or in the Cumingian cabinets*. Although the 
 whole series would liave i(Aiud little favour in the eyes of a London dealer or 
 a drawing-room collector, it proved a very interesting commentarj- on tha 
 lleigen and Adams Catalogues : it added about sixty new forms to the accu- 
 rately located species of the marine fauna, besides confirming many others, 
 which rested previously on doubtful evidence; and disproved the intermixture 
 of northern species, which, from the map alone, had before been considered 
 probable. 
 
 The collection is not only essentially tropical, but contains a larger propor- 
 tion of Central American and Panama .species than are found in the Ileigea 
 Catalogue. This may jiartly be due to the accidents o^ station, and paitly to 
 this projecting southern peninsula striking the equatorial currents. It must 
 also be remembered that the Keigen Catalogue embraces only the Liverpool 
 division of his collection ; and that many more species may have existed in 
 that portion of the Havre series which did not find its way to the London 
 markets. Mr. Xantus also obtained indinduals of identical species from 
 Margarita Island, and a series containing living specimens of Purpura pluno- 
 spira (only thrown up dead on the i)romontory), from Socorro Island, one of 
 the Revilla-gigcdo group. A very few specimens of Haliotis and of Pacific 
 shells may have been given to him bj- sailors or residents : they were not 
 distinguished from his own series in opening the packages. The collection is 
 not yet com])lete. In consc(]uence of the French occupation of Mexico, it 
 was with difficulty that Mr. Xantus himself " ran the blockade" at Manza- 
 nello ; and he was compelled to leave there thirty-one boxes of shells, alco- 
 holics, &c., subject to the risks of war. 
 
 The Polyzoa were placed in the hands of Mr. G. Busk for examination, 
 and the alcoholics were intrusted to Dr. Alcock, the Curator of the Manches- 
 ter Natural History Society. Neither of these gentlemen have as yet been 
 
 * During the period that Mr. Xantus was out of emplovnu-nt, owing to the deran£r'>- 
 ments of the war, a portion of the duphcates were offered for sale, and will be found ia 
 some of the ^principal culiections. 
 
 103 
 
8. 
 9. 
 
 
 10. 
 
 314. 
 
 11. 
 12. 
 13. 
 
 
 14. 
 
 315. 
 
 lo. 
 
 474. 
 
 10. 
 
 «» 
 
 513 REPORT— 18C3. 
 
 aMe to report POTiromin": thrm. The first notice of the shells appoftT* in the 
 Proc Ac. Nnt. Sc. Philailcliihia, Dec. Isoit, pp. 'XM, 'Xi'J. Tlie new t])e(ie9 
 are descrilx-d in the ' Anuals and Magaziue of Nat. Hist.,' 1864, vols. xlii. and 
 xiv., as follows : — 
 A. N. H. Vol. XIII. 
 
 1. 311. Ai^fhenothiprii* rillnm>r, n.ir. 1 living sp. and fragm. 
 
 2. ,, Siilfinifa rnlviihis. 1 liviiisr "p. 
 
 8. ,, Ti'//iiiti ( Pfronr/'iHlerma) (xhracra. 1 sp. 
 
 4. 312. I'liiniiiwhifi (YAmpfiirhfftui) ref/ulan'it. Valves. 
 
 6. „ Cii//isfii pollirinis. 1 s])., liviny: ( = C. prora, vnr.. teste Rve., C. I. f. 4fi), 
 & „ Ciillistu I'rpatiiio^a. var. ) purlin. Exti-eiuely atfiindant, livintr. Al-o 
 
 Acapulco, Jrireff. (N'erv variable, yet always differing from the 
 typical Soutli American shell.-*. ) 
 
 7. 313. Liocnidiion iipkiniim. E.vtremely abmidant, living. Ako La I'az; Aca- 
 pulco, Jen-ftf. 
 
 Lncina fittf/uu/i.i. Extremely abundant, valves. 
 
 ?Vrei)fll4i iiiftafa. Valves ; verv rare. (An abeirant form.) Also Panama, 
 
 C.li.Ad 
 Brt/tiphi/'i Kftimn. n.jr. Abundant: living among sea-weed, on Purpura 
 
 plano^inra. Also Oalil'Drnia, Cimfier. 
 ?At;iii v(i*t(i. Kare : allied to Cif/ichtia. 
 IxchiwvliittiH ptiralMii.<. l{are ; living. 
 Isc/i/wc/tifun (rvar. ) prasiittitiig. 1 living sp. Possibly a form ofparal- 
 
 ItchKochifon xerrattix. 1 living sp., like Elenentts, 
 XiiceUu pelt(iideg.= XaceVa, sp. ind.. Maz. Cat., no. 202. 
 AniKPd (^var. ) atrota. Interiiicdiate between P. discurs, Phil., and P, 
 Jloccatiu live. Also La I'az, Margarita Pay. 
 17. jj AcDuea xfrit/if/fita. Intermediate in characters and station between 
 
 A. patina an<l A. meMi/eiica. Also Maryarita Bay. 
 G/i/p/iis xutiinmlii. Not uncommon ; living. 
 
 Eiicoamid rarici/dta. ( Probably a subgenus of PhasianeUa.) Rare, dead. 
 Eiicoxniia {'rrfiriei/tita, var.) sub-itriata. Very rare. 
 Eucimmin pmwtafd. 1 sp. 
 Eiicosmia ci/cloKti>ma. 1 sp. 
 
 IlapUicochliiit ojirh>phi>rem, n. g. (PRelated to Ethulia. ) Very rare, dead. 
 Xarica ajmin. 1 sp. 
 Eiitaariis fxircipicfit.f. 3 sp. 
 /o.«.«rt/-?M piinrx. 1 sp. 
 
 Litorinn piit7nfa,= lAtorina, sp. ind., Maz. Cat., no. .^09. Abundant. 
 Zitnn'na (P/n'/ippii, var.) 2)enicillata. Like the W. Indian L. [zivzuc, var.) 
 
 li/ieafd. Abimdant. 
 Itixiiia alholirnfa. 1 sp. 
 Fenelln cnt«taUinn. 1 sp. 
 
 ? iri/tlrohia cnmjmcta. May be a Barleeia. 1 sp. 
 Hi/dln rotumhita. 1 sp. 
 ?I)ia/a eledrinn. 1 sp. 
 
 Acirm [teste A. Ad.] menei^fwide-t. 1 sp. • 
 
 Ci/thita nsteridphild. Imbedded in a staur-fish, like StyUna. 1 living sp. 
 Bittium nitens. 1 sp. 
 
 Manqelia guhdiaphnna. 1 sp. 
 
 DriUin apprexsa. 1 sp. 
 
 Ciffidra fiiscmiofata. Very rare. 
 
 Obeli.icun rnrieqatus. 2 worn sp. Described fiom a iiesh Guavnutf 
 
 shell, Mus. Cal. Ac. 
 (Oihuttomia) Evalen (Pfvixciilpta. 1 ep. 
 iO(ltmtomid) Evalea delicntida. 1 sp. 
 ChrymlUda amjusta. 1 sp. 
 
 104 
 
 ix. 
 
 475. 
 
 lt>. 
 
 20. 
 
 
 21. 
 
 •» 
 
 22. 
 
 470. 
 
 24. 
 2'>. 
 
 If 
 
 2';. 
 
 477. 
 
 1'7. 
 
 28. 
 
 
 
 
 31. 
 
 478. 
 
 32. 
 .33. 
 34. 
 35. 
 36. 
 
 »1 
 
 Vol. XIV. 
 
 .S7 
 
 45 
 
 .TO. 
 
 40 
 
 «>. 
 
 •• 
 
 •*0. 
 
 » 
 
 41. 
 42. 
 
 47. 
 
 43. 
 
 19 
 
ON MOT-LUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 6i» 
 
 A. N H. Vol. XIV. 
 Bp. P«;;e. 
 
 44. 
 45. 
 
 47. 
 
 46. 
 
 47. 
 
 4S. 
 40. 
 50. 
 51. 
 62. 
 
 tf 
 
 48. 
 
 49. 
 
 Eiilima fuKoxtrigata. 1 sp. 
 
 Opuliti crfiiiihiiili-K. 1 niTt.'ct and a few nibbed specimens. Tlii'', nnd 
 
 th',' Santa IJai'bara fiissil, O.'fMiT. i/iKcuJpfn, a.rk' sn c'lns>' to tlie I'or- 
 
 tiijrtif.sf (). rreiKtUi, tliat iiilditioaal 8ut'(iiu»'n.'< nia\ .'onn<-ct tlifiii. 
 Tniiiciiria fxrytnitle.i. Com-aon; rubbed. Also Guocouiayo, in the 
 
 Siiiitli.'^onitiii Museum. 
 Sitfrum ( 'fiK-hrwitoma, var.) rufintotnfiim ; connected with type by a few 
 
 iiiti'i-int'diiitH spcciincas. llare ; dead. 
 ?.yi'ii/ri'!a iiii/feitinw'ata. Al.soGuacouiayo, Mus. Smiths. Vtry rare, dead. 
 NifnJrlla (friisilinedtii. Very rare ; dead. 
 ?A/iac/iis tiiictd. 1 sp. 
 AiKichU fii<c')!<tritialii. I sp. 
 I'i.sd/tia elald. A lew worn specimens ; like Pertsternia, without plait. 
 
 The fnllowinj^ table contains the species previou.sly described, with the ad- 
 dition of the other localities in which thcj* are known to occur. The nurabera 
 in the fir.st column are tho.se in Prof. C. B. Adams's Panama Cataloj^ue : a 
 P in the same column signifies that the species has been found at Panama 
 by other collectors. The second column contains the shells of La Paz, col- 
 lected by Major Rich and others, and are marked by an italic P. In the 
 third column, A shows that the shell has been found at Acapulco, on j^ood 
 authority ; and C, that it is known at other stations on the Central American 
 coast. The fourth column exhibits the corresponding numbers of the species 
 in the B. M. Tloigon Catalogue; and G shows that the shell has been found 
 in the Gulf district by other collectors. In the fifth column, Cal. stands 
 for Upper, and L for Lower California ; Marg. for Margarita Bay, Gal. for 
 the Galapagos, E for Ecuador and the tropical shores of S. America, and WI 
 for the West Indies. The sixth column continues the numbering of the 
 species from the list in the ' Annals.' 
 
 Pan. 
 Cat. 
 
 U Aca- 
 I'az. pui. 
 
 Cat. 
 
 Other 
 habiUta. 
 
 No. 
 
 List of Cape St Lucas Shells. 
 
 .-)17 
 
 
 A 
 
 14 
 
 E 
 
 53 
 
 Discina Cnmiiujii. On Aldrf/aritiphora. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 E 
 
 '"4 
 
 Gastrochann ocata. In Spoiufi/liis. . 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 23 
 
 Marg. 
 
 5.-) 
 56 
 
 Sd.iicava phuladis. In S/K»id;/lds. 
 Eucharis, sp. ind. 1 dead valve, resembling 
 Inilian species. 
 
 W 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 35 
 G 
 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 Sf,h(etiia ffdA/ilis. In Spondt/ltm. 
 TItracia sqiuimosa. 1 broken pair. 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 L 
 
 oU 
 
 Thracia (Ci/atJtodonta) plicata {"?~truncaM\ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Migh."). Isp.Jun. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 G 
 
 
 60 
 
 Lyoiisia infldta. 1 sp. 
 Li/oHSia jncUi. 1 valve. 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 E 
 
 61 
 
 
 403 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 55 
 
 
 62 
 
 tellina Cinningii. 1 pair. 
 
 
 4i«t 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 E 
 
 6:3 
 
 TelUna nihascem \_ = Ilanieyi]. Smashed va»Te 
 
 ^ 
 
 472 
 
 
 
 
 
 64 
 
 Stri;iillu sincera. 1 valve. 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 67 
 
 
 65 
 
 Sli-iijillu lentictda. Valves. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 Lutricola viridotincta. 2 valves. 
 
 
 485 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 
 67 
 
 Semek bicolor. Valves. 
 
 
 
 
 
 G 
 
 Marg. 
 
 68 
 
 Semele Californica, var. Valves, 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 L 
 
 60 
 
 Sernefe ^aresceiis. Rare. 
 
 
 431 
 
 
 A 
 
 43 
 
 E 
 
 70 
 
 Cuminijia trii/onularis, jun. In Spiwdi/l»$. 
 
 
 473 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 
 \VI 
 
 71 
 
 !ht':: ,ido/ia.v bnuaculatua. Abundant ; normal, 
 numerous vai's. 
 
 and 
 
 105 
 
6:'0 
 
 BEPORT — 1863. 
 
 cZ'. '. 
 
 1 
 
 I^a 'Aea-' Mm. 
 Piiz.ipul.i Cat. 
 
 _ 1 1 
 
 Other 
 hab.tatJ. 
 
 No. 
 
 List of Cape St. Loca* ShelVi. 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 A 
 
 756 
 
 (Mar. ) 
 
 72 Dona.r, var. cd-latiis. Valves. ! 
 
 1 
 
 
 76 
 
 
 73 
 
 Dona.r ? C ^iradi, jun. 
 
 4.-,(5 
 
 
 C 
 
 77 
 
 L 
 
 74 
 
 Doua.r ?iiavictil(i, jua. 
 
 •l'J3 
 
 P 
 
 c 
 
 80 
 
 
 75 
 
 Mil/ ill ia atifiiihita. Valves. 
 
 
 F 
 
 
 79 
 
 WI 
 
 76 
 
 atniiddla }'raf/ilis. 1 sp. living, and xiamen}as 
 adult valves. 
 
 440 
 
 P 
 
 c 
 
 83 
 
 E 
 
 77 
 78 
 
 Trii/oiia rarliaf a, jnn. 
 
 Triyona nitidida] Sby. Several living sp. agri^e 
 
 evnctly with Sby.'s figure. [Perhaps Lam."s 
 
 Mediterranean shell is different.] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 448 
 
 
 c 
 
 90 
 
 E 
 
 79 
 
 Dosinia Diinheri. Rare. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 88 
 
 E.Mar. 
 
 80 
 
 Dosi'iiia pondrrom. Several pairs [\\m.=distans]. 
 
 444 
 
 
 A 
 
 92 
 
 
 81 Callkta autnntia. 
 
 447 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 93 
 
 E.Mar. 
 
 82 CullUta chiottcea. 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 9(> 
 
 Marg-. 
 
 83 
 
 CaUitta viihientta. Living, and dead valves. 
 
 
 
 
 98 
 
 E 
 L 
 
 84 
 85 
 
 CaHiifa (i-var.) a'ternuta. 1 living. 
 
 Aminiitis cnUom. Rare, living [= C Mo6i7js,Rve.]. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 G 
 
 L.Mar. 
 
 86 
 
 Chione mwcincta. Very rare. 
 
 
 P 
 
 c 
 
 
 E 
 
 87 
 
 Chioiie pidicaria, var. lilacina. Valves, abundant. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 
 E 
 
 88 
 
 Chione netilecta. Livin<r and valves. 
 
 
 
 
 106 
 
 
 886 Chkme imdatvllu-\-\-AX. hilineuta, Rve. (pars). Veryl 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rare. [ Probaljl y = iii-i/lecta, var. ] 
 
 435 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 113 
 111 
 
 E 
 
 89 
 9!) 
 
 A'lciiudociirdid stihiiuhrivata. Valves. 
 Tupe^ squamom. 1 sp. 
 
 P 
 
 
 A 
 
 24 
 
 E 
 
 91 
 
 Petricoln rohiista. In Spondi/lus. 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 i'2 Pupellnn'd UnfiuafcUs. 
 
 
 
 
 117 
 
 E 
 
 93 : Craxfdfella vnnm^. I.ivinir. Large and abundant. 
 
 492 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 E 
 
 94 Crussatellu i;ibho-sa. Valves. 
 
 
 P 
 
 c 
 
 118 
 
 
 95 
 96 
 
 Lnzaria Cdlifornica. Very rare. 
 Vviwricdrdid crds-'^a. i valve. 
 
 405 
 
 
 c 
 
 1216 
 
 
 97 
 
 Chdiiid JiiiddidHd, jun. On syenitic rock. 
 
 407 
 
 
 A 
 
 121 
 
 E 
 
 98 
 
 Chnina echinntd, I3rod. Living, from Socon'O Is. 
 
 P 
 
 
 c 
 
 121 
 
 Marg. 
 
 986 
 
 Chama frondosa, var. 
 
 
 
 
 123 
 
 L 
 
 IK) 
 
 Chditid ?e.vQriyra. Worn valves. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 122 
 
 Gal. 
 
 100 
 
 Cliama spiiiosa. 1 sp. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 
 E 
 
 101 
 
 Cardium cotigors. ^^alves. (Very fine at Acapulco.) 
 
 4;33 
 
 
 C 
 
 125 
 
 E.Mar. 
 
 102 
 
 Curdiiim procertim. Valves. 
 
 434 
 
 
 
 126 
 
 E 
 
 103 
 
 Cdvdiiim senfic smn. Valves. 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 
 L 
 
 104 
 
 Ilemirardium bianijulatmn. Valves. 
 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 136 
 
 WI 
 
 105 
 
 Coddliia tiyerrina. Living, very large, and young 
 valves. [Of the Pacific Is. type.] 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 137 
 
 Pads. 
 
 106 
 
 Coddkin ? punctata, jun. 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 147 
 
 E 
 
 107 
 
 Lucina ehiirnea. Living, rar5. 
 
 P 
 
 
 A 
 
 C 
 
 140 
 
 145 
 
 14;J 
 
 G 
 
 
 108 
 109 
 110 
 111 
 112 
 113 
 
 Lucina e.vcavata. 1 valve. 
 
 Lucina prolonifata. Valves, 
 
 Lucina cancellaris. Valve. 
 
 Diplodonta svhquadrata. 1 sp. 
 
 Jh'plodonttt calculus. Several living sp. 
 
 Miltha Childreni. [A few fresh specimens comrt 
 the habitat " Brazil," pre^-iously assigned to this 
 extremely rare and remarkable' shell, wliich ap- 
 pears to be a gigantic Felania.'\ 
 
 P- 
 
 
 A 
 
 153 
 
 
 114 
 
 Kcllin mihorbietdaris. In Spondylus. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 154 
 
 
 115 
 
 LdKea rubra. 6 sp. living. 
 
 P 
 
 
 C 
 
 167 
 
 
 116 
 
 MytihiH palhnpunctatv^. Fragment. 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 168 
 
 
 117 
 
 Mytihis multiformis. Abundant. 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 169 
 
 
 118 
 
 SeptifiT Cvminyianus. Common. 
 
 106 
 
Oy MOLLUSCA OF lUE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 621 
 
 Pan. 1 La 
 Cat. ;P»/ 
 
 I ... .1 ' 
 
 Aca- Maz. i Other 
 pui. eat. hall tats. 
 
 No. 
 
 Liat of Cape St. Lncss Shells. 
 
 t 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 170!L.Mar. 
 
 119 
 
 Mod'Ola capa.v. A few living: sp. " Gal." [?J. 
 
 
 
 A 172 
 
 Gal. 
 
 120 
 
 Crcuvlla coarctafa. In Spomhjhis, 
 
 p 
 
 
 A j 176 
 
 
 121 
 
 Lithophaijus aristatus. In Spondylns. 
 
 p 
 
 
 A 1 175 
 
 
 122 
 
 Lithophaifus plumula. In Spondylm. 
 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 181 
 
 
 123 
 
 Area multicostata. Adult ralves, and jun. living. 
 
 p 
 
 
 C 
 
 189 
 
 E 
 
 124 
 
 liijssoarca Pacificn. Kare. 
 
 418 
 
 
 4 
 
 iM E 1 
 
 125 
 
 liymiarca miitabiHs. Valve. 
 
 420 
 
 P 
 
 
 102 
 
 E 
 
 120 
 127 
 
 Bnrhatia Peeviana. Valves. 
 liarhatia vcspcrtilin. Valves. 
 
 424 
 
 
 c 
 
 193 
 
 
 128 
 
 liarbatia ilhta. Valve. 
 
 428 
 
 P 
 
 
 195 
 
 E 
 
 129 
 
 liarbittia solida. Hare. 
 
 410 
 
 
 A 
 
 194 E.Mfir. 
 
 1:50 
 
 Barhatia gradata. Valve. 
 
 
 P 
 
 : 
 
 G 
 
 (59(5 
 
 
 131 
 132 
 
 Axiiuea giijantea. Lfirge valves, and jun. living. 
 A.rinaa, sp. ind. 
 
 
 
 
 201 
 
 E 
 
 1.3:] 
 
 Pimm lanceolata. Fragment. 
 
 395 
 
 
 
 2!M) 
 
 
 1:',4 
 
 Pinna maura. 1 sp., jun. 
 Pinna niijosa. lsp.,jun. 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 202 
 
 
 1.'.5 
 
 391 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 2J4 
 
 E 
 
 l:]0 
 137 
 
 Margaritiphorajimbriata. Living. 
 Avicula Perttviana. Valves. 
 
 393 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 205 
 
 200 
 
 
 1.39 
 
 Isognomon Chemnitzianus. Common, living. 
 Isognomon Janus. 4 sp. living. [One has close 
 
 ligament-pits, passing into costellatus, just as no. 
 
 1:58, var. passes into incisus.] 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 G 
 
 E 
 
 140 
 
 Pecfen subnodosm. Several valves, and 1 living. 
 [P. intermedia is only a var. of this species.] 
 
 387 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 207 
 
 E.Mar. 
 
 141 
 
 Pecten letUricosus. Valves. [The young is I'. 
 
 circular is, Sby., pars.] 
 Jnnira dentata. \ ery plentiful. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 G 
 
 
 142 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 143 
 
 Lima tetrica. 1 living, and valves [=sZ. sywawiosff, 
 teste Cuming. W. I., Mediter., Pac. Is.]. 
 
 390 
 
 
 
 
 Gal. 
 
 144 
 
 Lima arcuata. 1 fresh pair. [Can hardly be separa- 
 ted from L.fragilis, Gal., Pac. Is., in Mu^. Cum.l 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 385 
 
 
 
 208 
 
 
 145 
 
 Spondghts catcifer. Valves. Eed var., and speci- 
 men changing into purple. 
 
 3o6 
 
 
 C 
 
 210 
 
 
 146 
 
 Plicattda penieillata. 1 sp. on Fusciolaria. 
 
 381 
 
 
 A 
 
 211 
 
 
 147 
 
 Ofitrea iridescens. A fcvv living. 
 
 383 
 
 P 
 
 
 212 
 
 Marg. 
 
 148 
 
 Ostrea ? Virginica, jun. 
 
 
 
 
 213 
 
 E 
 
 149 
 
 Oitrea Columbiensis. Valves. 
 
 384 
 
 P 
 
 
 215 
 
 ■ 
 
 Marg. 
 Cal. 
 
 1.50 
 151 
 152- 
 150 
 
 Ostrea amara. On Pomaidax. 
 
 Caculina ?tekmus. Fragment. (Pelagic.) 
 
 [ [Nudibranchs and Aphjsia. Not yet determined.] 
 
 321 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 224 
 
 E 
 
 157 
 
 Bulla Adamsi, and var. Common. 
 
 
 
 
 225 
 
 L 
 
 158 
 
 Bidla nebulosa. Rare. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 220 
 
 L.Gal. 
 L 
 
 159 
 ItiO 
 
 Bidla Quogi. Very rare. 
 
 Haminea nesinda. I'lentiful, living. 
 
 
 
 
 229 
 
 PL 
 
 101 
 
 Ilaminea cgmbiformis. 1 sp. [Closely related to 
 JL virescens.] 
 
 
 
 
 240 
 
 Marg. 
 
 102 
 
 Siphonarin eequilirata. Dead. [ful. 
 
 P 
 
 
 A 
 
 239 
 
 
 10:5 
 104 
 
 Sip/hinaria lecanium, with var. palmata, &c. Plenti- 
 Onchidium Carpe^iteri. Very rare. 
 
 
 
 
 235 
 
 L.Cal. 
 
 U'.5 
 ItMV- 
 172 
 
 Milampus olivaceus. Rare. 
 
 ( [The rest of the Pulmonates will be tabulated 
 
 ( afterwards, vide p. 0;J0.] 
 
 lanthina decollata. Very rare. 
 
 
 
 
 243 
 
 
 173 
 
 
 
 
 
 L 
 
 174 
 
 Isrhnochiton Magdalensis. Large and highly sculp- 
 tured. Very rare. 
 
 107 
 
62? 
 
 RiroRT— ieG3. 
 
 Pan. 
 Cat. 
 
 La Aca- 
 Paz. pul. 
 
 1 Maz 1 Uth.T ; Xo 
 Cat. 1 habiuifs.: 
 
 List of Cape St. Lucas sliells. 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 2.^)2 
 2.")(i 
 
 ■2r,s 
 
 E 
 
 175 
 170 
 177 
 
 L'K-huochiluii liiiKirifonitis. 2 apt L-iiatns. 
 
 lachnotliiton Ikniiii. 1 i=p. 
 
 At-aiithocliitei amii/oiiitfS. A few living sp. 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 2(51 
 
 
 17N 
 
 Patcllii di.scorK. Dead. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 200 
 
 
 179 
 
 PaUlla pedu-ulus. Dead. 
 
 
 
 
 2C)4 
 
 Marp:. 
 
 180 
 
 Acinfrafa'iciciihiris. Abundant, living. 
 
 
 
 
 20S 
 
 
 181 
 
 Anna a vtihlla. inn. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 273 
 
 Gal. 
 
 182 ^ Fiti^Ki-elld ni(/».s(i, Jan. [A var. is first black, witli 
 two wliite ruyis: afterwards cliantres tn wliitish. 
 
 3.57 
 
 
 C 
 
 274 
 
 
 183 Fmurdla microtrema. Common. [I'aaaes into 
 
 riu/osa.l 
 
 184 Fisxto-illa nif/rori'ncin. 1 young sp. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 279 
 
 E 
 
 185 (lli/pJiis tuffr/ioilis. Rare. 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 281 
 
 L. Cal. 
 L. Cal. 
 
 L 
 
 L. Cal. 
 
 18(5 
 I.S7 
 
 188 
 
 lf9 
 
 liO 
 
 Pimii/a Muzatlauica. 2 sp. 
 
 llaliotis Cracherodii. (Turtle Bay.) 
 
 Ilaliiith splcmh'iin. (Margarita Island, with 4, 5, 
 
 and holes.) 
 Callopoma Fokhesii. Dead. 
 Pomwda.r lotdo^it-s. Fresh, with Gulf Polyzoa. 
 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 280 
 
 
 191 
 
 Uvanilla olivacva. Dead. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 288 
 
 
 192 
 
 Uvdiiilla unf/in's. Dead. 
 
 
 
 
 289 
 
 Marf^. 
 
 193 
 
 Calliostoina e.vimium. Dead. 
 
 274 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 194 
 
 Omiihaliun corontdatus. Dead ; not unoommon. 
 
 203 
 
 
 
 295 
 
 
 195 
 
 Vitrinella Panameiisis. 1 sp. oft" Spvudyliis. 
 
 .•',04 
 
 p 
 
 A 
 
 .320 
 
 Marsr. 
 
 190 
 
 Nerita scabricoda. Abundant. 
 
 305 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 327 
 
 E.Mar. 
 
 197 
 
 Xerita Benihardi. Abundant. 
 
 3.30 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 ;U3 
 
 KMar. 
 
 198 
 
 Cnicihuhnn imbricatum. Dead. 
 
 3.37 
 
 p 
 
 A 
 
 344 
 
 K.Mar. 
 
 199 
 
 Cnwibidinn spinosum. Dead. 
 
 .344 
 
 p 
 
 A 
 
 :334 
 
 E. Cal. 
 
 200 
 
 Cremdidn acideata. Dead. West and East Indies. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 
 E.Mar. 
 
 201 
 
 Crejndiila ?arenata, jun. * 
 Crepidida e.icav(Ua, jun. et var.* 
 
 .345 
 
 
 A 
 
 .337 
 
 C.Mar. 
 
 202 
 
 .340 
 
 P 
 
 
 .340 
 
 E.Mar. 
 
 203 
 
 Crepidida onjfx. Dead. 
 
 32S 
 
 p 
 
 A 
 
 .347 
 
 E 
 
 204 
 
 Hipponyx atUiqxatus. Dead. 
 
 .327 
 
 
 A 
 
 .349 
 
 
 205 
 
 Hipponifx barbatm. Pacific Is. Fresh sp. 
 
 .329 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 3.-)0 
 
 Gal. 
 
 200 
 
 ..lipponyx Grayanus. Rare. 
 
 323 
 
 p 
 
 A 
 
 355 
 
 
 207 
 
 208 
 
 Aletes cmtiqiiadrus. On Maryaritiphora, &c. 
 Bivonia cotUorta. Frequent, on shells. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 359 
 
 
 209 
 
 Petaloconchm macrophntt/ina. Frequent, on shell>. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 .307 
 
 L 
 
 210 
 211 
 
 Spiroylyphm lituella. On Purpura planospira ami 
 
 muricata, from Socorro Is. 
 Cacum subi'mpressum. Very rare. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 380 
 
 
 212 
 
 Turritella tiyrina et var. Cumitujii. 
 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 
 213 
 
 Tmritella smuptinea. (Whirls not shouldered.) 
 
 193 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 .381 
 
 Gal. 
 
 214 
 
 Cerithium tnaculomim and dwai-f var., like mediv- 
 fo?)'e. Abundant. 
 
 190 
 
 p 
 
 A 
 
 .383 
 
 
 215 
 
 Cerithium. uncinafum. Common ; dead. 
 
 200 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 387 
 
 G.Mar. 
 
 210 
 
 Cerithium stercus muscarum. Rare ; dead. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 .'588 
 
 Gal. 
 
 217 
 
 Cerithium interruptum, Mke. Common. 
 
 197 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 389 
 
 Marg. 
 
 Mara;. 
 
 ?E.Mr. 
 
 218 
 219 
 
 Rhinoclavis yemmata. Rare. 
 Pyrnzu« iiicixus. Rare. 
 
 ?206 
 
 
 
 395 
 
 220 
 
 Cerithidea Mazatlnnica. Dead. 
 
 * A difficulty attends the identification of young gpecimens of these rare species, no 
 eeries haying yet been obtained. " C. excavata, var.," in Mus. Cum. is exactly interme- 
 diate between the two. The young of excavata has a large swelling umbo projecting b«!yond 
 the margin ; the umbo in " ? var." has the margin spreading round it, fts in onyx, jun., 
 and ia consequence appears turned in the contrary direction. The umbilicus above tlia 
 dtsck exists in both forms ; but it is not an abiulutely coustuut ciiiuatter, uvtiu iu aduiwot 
 
 108 
 
ox MOLLVSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Gfl3 
 
 Pan. ] La Aca- 
 Cuu ira*. pui.j 
 
 Mae. , 
 
 Cat. ' 
 
 Other 
 habitats. 
 
 No.! 
 
 list of Cape 8t Lucas Shells. 
 
 •232 
 
 1 
 
 c! 
 
 .307 
 
 Maig. 
 
 221 
 
 Liforiiia ayma. \>ny rare. 
 
 2U 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 olKJ 
 
 
 222 
 
 Litorina contpersa. Cuiumon. A distorted ."specimen 
 has a Lacunoid chink : another a Xa.ssoii sliape. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 .srw 
 
 
 28/!. 
 
 Litoriiia Philippii. Rare: v. anted, y&x. penicillatd 
 
 273 
 
 P 
 
 
 401 
 
 E 
 
 223 
 
 Modiihm cntenulatuK, jun. 
 
 244 
 
 
 
 
 
 224 
 
 Pisxotnajinuafa. Hare. 
 
 24.-, 
 
 
 
 
 
 225 
 
 Pisioina fortis. Very rare. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 408 
 
 
 226 
 
 Pi-m>ina sfn'cta. Rare. 
 
 243 
 
 
 
 
 
 227 
 
 Pissoina claniiestina. Dead. 
 
 247 
 
 
 
 
 
 228 
 
 Pusoina iiifreqnens. Dead. worn. 
 
 240 
 
 
 
 414 
 
 
 220 
 
 Alvania tumida. 1 sp., ott Upoiidylua, 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 417 
 411 
 422 
 
 L 
 
 230 
 231 
 2:52 
 
 Barlreia siibtenim. 1 sp. 
 Barleeia lirata. 1 sp. 
 (jeniiUa, sp. 1 sp. 
 
 
 
 
 420 
 
 L 
 
 2:53 
 
 Jefrei/xia Ahkri. 1 sp. 
 
 
 
 
 410 
 
 
 2-34 
 
 Jtffreif.iia hifanciata. Very rare. 
 
 
 
 
 425 
 
 
 235 
 
 Alaba supralirata. Not uncounnon. 
 
 
 
 
 427 
 
 
 2.36 
 
 Alaha tcnbralis. 1 dead, broken sppcimen. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 424 
 
 
 237 
 
 Planans niip-ifella. Dead ; some of the specimen> 
 may be a dwarf form of 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 
 
 2376 
 
 Pla 11 a. vis ? plan icostata. 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4.35 
 
 ?L 
 
 2.38 
 
 Radius variabilis. 1 sp. 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 4:38 
 
 E 
 
 239 
 
 Aricia arabiciila. Very rare. 
 
 8 
 
 P 
 P 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 
 E 
 
 240 
 241 
 242 
 
 Alicia punctidnta. Very rare. 
 Luponia Soicerhi/i. 1 li-s-in<^ and several -vrom. 
 Luponia alhn;/inosa. Dead ; plentiful. 
 [ Cypraa tigris and Ptcrnceras kimbis ; doubtless 
 received "through traders.] 
 
 9 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 4.39 
 
 
 24:3 
 
 Trivia pu.it uh fa. Dead. 
 
 10 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 440 
 
 Gal. E. 
 
 244 
 
 Trivia radians ; intermediate specimens towards 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 441 
 
 
 245 
 
 Trivia Solandri. Dead. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 
 Gal. 
 
 246 
 
 Trivia Pacifica. 1 sp. 
 
 12 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 A 
 
 442 
 
 E 
 
 247 
 248 
 
 Trivia sanfjuinea. Dead. 
 
 Erato Maiu/erifP. [Exactly like the W. Indian 
 specimens : also Crag fossil, teste S. Wood.] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 GulfE 
 
 249 
 
 Erato scabriuscida. Rare. 
 
 122 
 
 
 C 
 
 447 
 
 
 2."jO 
 
 Sfrombiis ffalcatiis, jun. 1 sp. 
 
 124 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 448 
 
 Gal.E 
 
 251 
 
 Strombus (framdatus. ^Vbuudant ; dead. 
 
 12.5 
 
 P 
 
 
 449 
 
 • E 
 
 252 
 
 Strombus gracilior. 1 dead specimen. 
 
 P 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 2.53 
 
 Subuln strif/ata. 2 dead specimens. 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 454 
 
 E 
 
 2.54 
 
 Siibtda ? luetuosa, jun. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 455 
 
 
 2.55 
 
 Eiinita fulqvrata. Dead. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 4oC 
 
 E 
 
 2,56 
 
 Euryta acicidafa. Dead. 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 257 
 
 Tercbra lingualis. 1 sii. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 G 
 450 
 452 
 
 
 2*58 
 2.59 
 260 
 
 Myurella varieyata. Very rare. 
 Myurella alhocincta. 1 dead specimen. 
 Myurella subnodosn. 1 dead specimen. 
 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 457 
 
 
 261 
 
 Pleurotoma funicidata. Rare; dead. 
 
 183 
 
 
 
 mi 
 
 4(55 
 
 E 
 
 2(52 
 263 
 
 DriUia aterrima. Rare ; and var. Melchersi. 
 DrUlia albovallosa. 1 sp., dead. 
 
 
 
 
 467 
 
 E 
 
 2(54 
 
 Drillia lucttiosa. 1 sp., dead. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 265 
 266 
 
 DriUia maura, Val. Fragment. 
 
 Daphnella casta. 1 sp. [Ciarser strife than W. I. 
 
 species, but scarcely di tiers from crebriplicata, 
 
 Kve., " Philippines.''] 
 Cithara utromboides 1 sp. [Probably=<r»<tmi, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 • 
 
 
 267 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kien.] 
 
 109 
 
C24. 
 
 RErORT — 1S03. 
 
 [ Pan. 
 Cat. 
 
 La |Aca- Maz. 
 Paz. 1 puL i Cat. 
 
 Other 
 habitats. 
 
 No. 
 
 List of Cape St Lucas Shells. 
 
 117 
 113 
 ll8 
 114 
 116 
 
 118 
 P 
 
 270 
 
 2o4 
 227 
 
 194 
 
 207 
 208 
 
 P 
 295 
 
 P 
 
 302 
 
 14G 
 
 66 
 
 112 
 111 
 110 
 
 131 
 132 
 
 151 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 20 
 
 P 
 
 14 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 C 
 A 
 
 476 
 
 480 
 481 
 
 G 
 
 489 
 501 
 507 
 518 
 519 
 524 
 532 
 563 
 557 
 391 
 
 570 
 
 570 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 577 
 
 579 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 G 
 
 E 
 Gal. E 
 
 Gal. 
 
 582 
 584 
 
 586 
 G 
 
 589 
 
 587 
 
 E 
 
 L 
 
 L 
 
 Gal. 
 
 E 
 
 Gal. 
 
 Mar''. 
 
 E 
 
 E.Mar, 
 
 Gal. 
 Gal. 
 
 Gal. 
 E 
 
 Gal. E 
 E 
 
 268 
 269 
 270 
 271 
 272 
 
 273 
 274 
 
 275 
 
 276 
 277 
 278 
 279 
 280 
 281 
 282 
 283 
 284 
 285 
 286 
 287 
 288 
 269 
 
 290 
 291 
 
 292 
 293 
 294 
 295 
 296 
 
 297 
 
 298 
 299 
 300 
 
 301 
 .302 
 303 
 
 304 
 305 
 306 
 
 307 
 308 
 309 
 310 
 311 
 
 Conns princfjn. Dead. 
 
 Conm brtmneus. Dead. 
 
 Conns pitrpinascens and Tar. regalitalis. Dead. 
 
 Conus gladiator. Dead. 
 
 Contts mi.v et rar. piisilliis [Gld. non Chem.] 
 Living; plentiful. 
 
 Conus scalarts. 1 sp., dead. 
 
 Comis tornatm. Rare, dead. 
 
 Solarium granulation, and 'f var, quadriceps. Com- 
 mon. 
 
 Odostomia ? straminea. 1 sp. 
 
 Syrnola lamdJatn. 1 .«p., oti" Spondylus. 
 
 Oscilla e.i'aratn=.tereh('llum. 1 sp. 
 
 ChrysaUida communi<. 1 sp., oil" Spondylus. 
 
 Chemnifzin Panamen-sis. Very rare. 
 
 Chemnitzia Adnmsi. 1 sp., off Sponrlylits. 
 
 Chemnifzia prolonyata. 1 sp., off Sjwndyfus. 
 
 Chvmnitziajlavesccns. 1 sp., o^ Spondylus. 
 
 Cerithiopsis amniilata. 1 sp., off Spondylus. 
 
 Cerithiopsis tubcrculoides. 1 sp. 
 
 Triforis alternatus. 1 sp., off Spondylus. 
 
 Scalaria ? tiara. 1 sp. 
 
 Natica maroccana. Com. W. Afr. ; ? Pacific I' 
 
 Natica zonaria. Common. Operc. (frooved as in 
 caurena \^=^(dapapiliunis, var., teste Rve. : uon 
 Chem.]. 
 
 Natica cafcnafa. Common. 
 
 Polinices uher. Common. [The young shells go 
 through all shapes, from globose to pointed. 
 Operc. thin, light gi'een, horny.] 
 
 P, Unices of is et \ ar. f'lisca. Rare ; dead. 
 
 Polinices hifasviata. Living; rai'e. 
 
 Xeverita gluuca. 1 sp. 
 
 Lnmellaria, sp. ind. 1 sp. 
 
 Fictda vnntricosa. Not uncommon. Animal pre- 
 served of both sexes, and of surpassing beauty 
 
 Malea ringens. 1 dead sp. [Fossil, Atlautic shores, 
 Neivberry.'\ 
 
 Oniscia tuberculosa. Very rare* 
 
 Lo-enia coai 'ata. Very rare. 
 
 Bezuardica abbreviata. 1 living, with verv small 
 normal operculum. Common ; dead. [Varies 
 greatly in form and sculpture, like the Texan 
 " analogue," which may be con'<pecitic.] 
 
 Triton lestitus. Isp. [Scarcely differs from /jffertm.] 
 
 Eanella crflata. 1 sp., dead. 
 
 Ranella Californica. Very rare. Grows 4 inches 
 long. 
 
 iMtirus ceratus. 2 dead sp. 
 
 Fasciolarin princeps. 2 dead sp. 
 
 Mitra crenata, Rve., teste Dohm. 1 sp. [? = nK- 
 
 cleola.l 
 Mitra suiitaria, C. B. Ad. 1 sp. 
 Striyatflla tristis. Rare. 
 
 yEneta harpa. 1 sp. 
 
 Vohdella margaritula. Off Spondyhts ; common. 
 
 Marginella minor. ( Jff Spondylus ; rare. 
 
 no 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 625 
 
 1 
 
 Pan. La Aca- Maz. | Othpr 
 Cat Paz. pul. i Cat. , habitats. 
 
 ; 1 ' 
 
 No. 
 
 list of Cape St. Lucas Shells. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 312 
 
 Volimina varia. Kare. [Cannot be distinguished 
 from some W. I. specimens.] 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 ?WI 
 
 313 
 314 
 
 Persicula iinbncafa. 1 sp. [Can scarcely be sepa- 
 rated from inf ernipta, jun. Also Ciuacomayo.] 
 
 Persicula phryfiia. Kare. [Clo.sely allied to fru- 
 menlum. Differs from the W. I. saflittatu by 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 having the painting in loops instead of ziofzag, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and an orange callosity over the simken spire, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 bordered by a spotted sutural line.] 
 
 30 
 
 P 
 
 
 G 
 
 Marg. 
 
 315 
 
 Oliva porphyria. 1 sp. 
 
 ?33 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 591 
 
 
 316 
 
 Oliia Mekhersi, vsu". Rare. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 :''592 
 
 Marg. 
 
 317 
 
 Oliva subangukita. Very common, dead. [This 
 species, very rare elsewhere. Is known by the 
 shouldered shape, toothed paries, and violet- 
 stained mouth and columella.] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 600 
 
 
 318 
 
 Olivella dama. Kare ; dead. 
 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 596 
 
 
 319 
 
 Olivella tergina. Rare ; dead. 
 
 39 
 
 
 A 
 
 595 
 
 
 320 
 
 OliieUa undatella. 3 sp. ; dead. 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 601 
 
 
 321 
 
 Olirella zonalis. Rare ; dead. 
 
 
 
 
 598 
 
 ?WI 
 
 322 
 
 Olivella v. aureocinda. 3 sp. ; dead. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 597 
 
 E 
 
 323 
 
 Olivella anazora. Very rare ; dead. Perhaps a rar. of 
 
 34 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 324 
 
 Olivella gracilis. E.xtremely abundant. [AN'ith 
 many varieties : among which is one with dark 
 median and sutural bands and light spire ; an- 
 other with dark spire : another pure white, of 
 which the young is iimmspicua, C. B. Ad. The 
 Acapulcan varieties are somewhat diHereut.] 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 G 
 
 
 .325 
 
 Harpa crenata. Dead. 
 
 76 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 606 
 
 E.Mar. 
 
 326 
 
 Purjmra hiserinlis. Abundant. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 (507 
 
 
 327 
 
 Purpura triserialis. Common. 
 
 69 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 608 
 
 Gal. 
 
 328 
 
 Purpura triangularis. Not uncommon. 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 603 
 
 G.Mar. 
 
 329 
 
 Pur/mra patula. Common. Also West Indies. 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 605 
 
 E 
 
 330 
 
 Purpura muricata. Rare ; dead at C. S. L. ; livinf; 
 at Socorro Island. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 Gal. 
 
 .331 
 
 Pirpura pla'iospira. Dead shells at C. S. L. and 
 La Paz ; abundant and fine at Socorro Island. 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 611 
 
 
 .332 
 
 Phi&ncheilus n?/,r-Htall var. [= Californicus.'] 
 
 107 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 Gal. 
 
 333 
 
 Sisfru7n carlxmarium. Living ; plentiful. 
 
 >)9 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 613 
 
 WI 
 
 334 
 
 Xitiddla crihraria. Abundant. 
 
 94 
 
 
 A 
 
 615 
 
 E 
 
 335 
 
 Columbella mq/ar. Rare. 
 
 86 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 A 
 
 617 
 
 E 
 
 336 
 337 
 
 Columhella '■/■<cata. Abundant. 
 Columbella ft'stiva. Not rare. 
 
 90 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 Gal. 
 
 338 
 
 Columbella hcfmastoma. Not rare. 
 
 
 
 
 
 E 
 
 .339 1 CohnnheUa soUihda. Abundant *. | 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 E 
 E 
 
 340 
 .341 
 
 Columella Peevei [= Sta. Barbaremis, Cpr. (error)]. 
 Columella baccata. Rare. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 342 
 
 Conella cedonulli. 1 sp. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 624 
 
 L.Mar. 
 
 34.3 
 
 Xns^a tegula. Rare ; pale var. 
 
 Tj.-) 
 
 
 C 
 
 632 
 
 
 344 
 
 Xassa versicolor. Rare ; dead. 
 
 i 46 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 345 
 
 Nassa corpulenta. Very rare. 
 
 * The young shell is thin, semitransparent, with Alaboid tuberous vertex. The nuclear 
 pnif is rather more tumid than the next wliirl, and set slanting as in some Chrysodomi. 
 Adolescent, whirls graooth. except a sutural line. Sculpture of adult gradually developed, 
 W'th spiral lines, sometimes all over, sometimes only anteriorly and posteriorly. Last 
 whirl sometimes with blunt radiating riblets, but generally smooth. Siphonal notch deeplj 
 cut bark, as in Sirmnbina, to which the species may belong. 
 
 18G3. - -i-i I • , - 
 
€26 
 
 REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 Pan. Lh Aca- Maz. 
 
 Olher 
 
 
 Cat. 
 
 Pas. pill. Cat. 
 
 habitats. 
 
 No. 
 
 346 
 
 
 F 
 
 
 
 Gal. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 639 
 
 E 
 
 347 
 
 109 
 
 
 
 
 Gal. 
 
 .34« 
 
 P 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 Gal. 
 
 349 
 
 P 
 
 
 C 
 
 647 
 
 
 3.t0 
 
 
 
 
 652 
 
 E 
 
 .351 
 
 99 
 
 
 
 G 
 
 
 352 
 
 353 
 
 98 
 
 
 
 6o0 
 
 E 
 
 354 
 .^55 
 
 (100) 
 
 A 
 
 (6ol 
 
 )(K) 
 
 .3.j6 
 
 
 P 
 
 CJ 
 
 657 
 
 
 357 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 
 E 
 
 358 
 
 (!4 P 
 
 A 
 
 6C2 
 
 
 359 
 
 00 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 ^50 
 
 
 P C 
 
 664 
 
 
 361 
 
 140 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 665 
 
 
 3(i2 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 6(!9 
 
 
 .3»?3 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 671 
 
 
 3(54 
 
 136 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 673 
 
 
 365 1 
 366 
 
 367 
 
 List of Cape St. Lucai dhelis. 
 
 I''usus Thuuarsii i-\- Xovee- Ilollandiie, live.j. liare ; 
 
 dead. 
 Sipfioiialia jHiUida. Very rare. 
 Enf/ina Peevtnna. 1 sp. 
 Enginn croai.ifonia. 1 sp. 
 Annchis coronafa. Ven- rare. 
 Anaclm t(pr,iafn ''=Gnk<nnei], Very rare, 
 Anachin jnilchrior. Very rare. 
 Atiachis '^pallida, Phil. Very rare. 
 Anachis ?pa)-va, var. Dead shells : may be pyff- 
 
 7r>(pn, var. 
 Annchls xerrata. A few perfect sperimens. 
 Anachix pj/fpno'a (vfir. aunftia). Hare. 
 Strofuhina jmicitlosa. Very rare. 
 Stromhina f/ibhenda. Very rnre. 
 Pixania satif/innolenfa. Dwarf var. ; common. 
 Pi^anin Ini/nbris. liare ; dead. 
 Miire.r plkatu.i. Eare ; dead. 
 Mure.r reairvirostris. 1 sp., dead. 
 Pfit/llonofus hicitlor. Rare. 
 Phjilhmiituii priiweps. Rare ; dead. 
 Miiriciden difhia. Rare ; dead. 
 Ari/onmda argo. 1 large sp. of the ?\ss. jiapyracea. 
 
 Pelagic. 
 Octopus, sp. 
 
 Pelagic. 
 
 As would be expected, the bulk of tht?e species (203 out of 367) are the 
 same as have been already enumerated in the lleigen Catnlngiie. Of tlio=o 
 which do not appear in the Mazatlan lixts. no fewer than 37 appear in the 
 Panama collections (beside 10 others, kno^/n to inhabit the equatmial region). 
 Of those not quoted from Mazatlan, 34 are also found in the Aciqndoo 
 region, and 30 at La Paz. Of the whole number, 79 have also been found 
 in South America, and 28 in the Galapagos. .38 have also been found in 
 Margarita Bay, of which Pijrazua inrisus and Siphonarin (rquilinda are Lower 
 Califomian rather than Gulf species; but only 13 belong to that portion of 
 the Lower Califomian fauna which is known to reach S. Di»'go. exclusive of 
 the same number of Gulf species, which also stray into the S. Diegan district. 
 There are also 10 species, which (with more or less distinctness) represent 
 AVest Indian forms. Of these, five, \"ia. Ileterodonax himacuhttus, Er/if) 
 Manrjerice, Volvarina varia, Persicvla imhricata and phriir/ia, are new to tlio 
 Gulf fauna: the other five appear in the lleigen Catalogue. 
 
 106. The most extensive collections in the Vancouver district, both as far 
 as the number of species and of specimens is concerned, have been made for 
 the Smithsonian Institution by Mr. J. G. Swan, teacher at the Indian Reserve, 
 Neeah Bay, W. T. For several years * valuable consignments have l)ecn 
 received from him of shells collected at Cape Flattery, Port Townseiid. and 
 other stations. Latterly he has trained the native children to pick up shore- 
 shells in large quantities. The labour of sorting and arranging these has 
 been enormous; it has, however, been repaid not only by observing* the 
 
 * In consequence of boxes having been received at different times, through the accidents 
 of transit, it has not always been p ssible to ascertain with certainty to wliom, among 
 nmuiUneouB collectors, sliould be allowed priority in tiie discovery of uew spe^^ies. 
 
 112 
 
OS MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. C27 
 
 variations of foi-m in large numbers of individuals, but by the discovery ■ f 
 several new species and the addition to the district-fauna of many othei . 
 The duplicates are made-up in aeries for distribution by the Smithsonian 
 Institution ; and, though of the worst quality from a "collector's " point of 
 ^•^ew, they will be found very 8er^'iceable by real students, being carefully 
 named in accordance with this Report. He has now received a dredge, con- 
 structed for him by Dr. Stimpson; and if he succeeds in training the young 
 Indians to use it, there is little doubt that a rich harvest of fresh materials 
 will shortly be obtained. Some of the collections were made on the neigh- 
 bouring shores of Vancouver's Island, among which was a large seri<-s of 
 Pichi/poma (jihberosum, Chem., with attached Uivov.ia, ooth of an essentially 
 Eastern Pacific type, the former ha\-ing been brought from Japan by Mr. A. 
 Adams. The Indians have taken a fancy to the opercula of this shell for the 
 purpose of ornamenting their canoes. As it is an article of trade among 
 thc>mselves, it is remarkable that so large a sliell should have so long escaped 
 the notice of collectors. Dead specimens have been washed-up in California; 
 but it is not known even to enter the Straits of De Fiica alive. The shore- 
 pickings of the Indian children, which have already added 2-5 species to 
 science, are singularly free (rom baUast-importations, although they present 
 a few (supposed) extra-limital shells, probably washed-up by the ocean 
 currents. The following are the sjjecies new to the Vancouver fauna ; the 
 remainder will be found tabulated in the 7th column of the general Table, 
 par. 112, infra. 
 
 Ko. 
 
 1. Waklheimia Coreanica, valves. 
 
 2. Xi/lotrya pennatifera, teste .Jetfr. 
 
 3. Clidiophoni punctata, one worn valve. 
 
 4. Macoma ?e(hntula. Two living shells may be the } aung of this species, or an 
 
 extreme var. of iti'iiiinnta. 
 6. Mcera .salmonea. Plentiful. 
 
 6. Aiif/i/his vanef/atiLi. liare. 
 
 7. Seinele rubroli/ieufa. One large valve may belong to this species, or (more 
 
 probably) be distinct and new. 
 
 8. Standella !■' CaUfornica. One young valve. 
 
 9. Miodon prolo)t(/atiis, n. suh'^., U.S. Several valves of this curious shell, inter- 
 
 mediate between Liiciita and Venericardia. accord with forms not before 
 eliminated, from the Coralline Crag and Inferior Oolite. 
 
 10. Lazarin subquadrata. One valve. 
 
 1 1 . Diplodoiita orhelln. Very lai-ge valves. 
 
 12. Kellia (var.) Chironii. A few valves. 
 I-'}. Adtda sti/lina. I'lcntifiil. 
 
 14. Arinfea (?srpfenfrionalis, var.) stdx>hmlefa. Numerous valves. 
 
 15. SiphimnriaThersiteH,n.s. Rare, dead. Like #m<<'«>»"ij and other Cape Horn and 
 
 N. Zealand types. The genus was not known north of Margaiita Bay. 
 IG. Mopalia (Kennerlei/i, var.) Sicannii. One sp. and valves. 
 
 17. Imhnochifon (Tracht/dennon) Nuttallh. One sp. 
 
 18. Ilaliotis Kamtschatkana. Rare. 
 
 19. Pnchffpoma f/ibberostim, Chem. l^iving ; plentiful. 
 
 20. Leptony.v Mtnouineus, I Arm. Very plentiful. (Japan, A. Ad. ; = ITomalopomi 
 
 mnfftiineum, antea p. 588 (nom. preoc.) ; Mediterranean, Philippi.) 
 
 21. Chlormttnma fvnebrah (et var. mbapertttm. One sp.). 
 
 22. Calliostoma canalicidutum. Living ; abundant. 
 
 2'{. Margarita cidari-^, n. s. One fresh specimen, with aspect of Turcica. 
 
 24. Margarita helicina. Very rare. _ _ • . 
 
 2-1. Gibbu/a parcipicta. One sp. i . . . ■ 
 
 2*?. Gihbii/a stwrincta, n. s. Rare. 
 
 27. Gibbttla lacKitata, a. J. Oneep. . ^ . > < ^^- i *, 
 
 8 113 
 
028 REPORT— 1863. 
 
 No. 
 
 26. Gtbhila ftmiciihta, n. 3. Very rare. 
 
 2!t. Ilippoinjx vrunioules, n. 8. I'leutiful. 
 
 30. Bivoniu coiitpmta, ii. s. Frequent on PacTiypoma ; externally resemble 8 Teia^ 
 
 hK-(mchiii( niacrophraffma. 
 
 31. Bittium (J'var. ) tgitrii-ns. Common, dead. 
 
 32. Lacuna porrecta, n. s. Plentiful, \\ith intermediate Pvars. exaquata and 
 
 33. Lacuna (? soliiliila, var.) compada: Rare. 
 
 34. Lacuna vurieyata, n. s. Not common ; resembles the Japanese i. dccorata. 
 3-"». Jgapis fenextruta, n. s. Very rare. 
 
 3(i. Alrania rificu'ata, n. s. Verj' rare. 
 
 87. Alvamii filosa, n. s. One specimen. 
 
 .'^'^. ? Amniinea subrotundafa, n. s. One specimen. 
 
 3'.). 't Puhulinella, sp. One specimen. 
 
 40. Mimyelia crebncofiata, n. s. Very rare. 
 
 41. Matiyelia interfoam, n. s. Several dead specimens. 
 
 42. Manyelia tahtdata, n. s. Several dead specimens. 
 
 43. Daphiflla effum, n. s. One broken specimen. 
 
 44. Odostomia satura, n. s. and ?var. Goiddii. Very rare. 
 4-'). Odosfiimia nucifonnis, n. s. and ?var. acellana. Very rare. 
 4(5. Odosfomia injiuta. \'erv- rare. 
 
 47. Odostomia trnuiscidpta, n. s. Verj- rare. 
 
 48. Scalaria Indianonnn, n. s. Rare. 
 
 49. Opalia borealis. Verj' common. This fine species, indicated by Dr. Old. fE. 
 
 E. Mol., p. 307) under Scalaria australis, closely resembles 0. Oc/iotenfi.^, 
 Midd. It is not refened to in the * Otia," and the locality was naturally 
 suspected. 
 
 50. Cerit/ii'opiiis muntta, n. s. Rare. 
 
 51. Cerit/iiopsis columna. Very rare. 
 
 52. Cerithiopsis titberculata. \ Rare. No differences have been detected on comparing 
 M. Tnforis adcersa. j the Herm and Neeah Bay specimens. 
 
 54. Tn'c/iotropis inernm. A few specimens differ from the decorticated T. cuiuxl- 
 
 lata, and aprree with Hinds's diagnosis. 
 5.5. Cancellaria viodesta, n. s. One sp. and fragment. 
 5<5. Vehitina pro/mu/ata. n. s. Very rare. 
 
 57. OUveUa biplicata. Very fine and abundant. 
 
 58. Purpura {varAfiMcata. Forbes"s species, the locality of which was before un- 
 
 certain, is here connected by easy transitions with the normal saxicula. 
 50. Columbella (var.) ? Hindm. Maybe a stunted form ot A. gausapata. 
 60. Amycla tubcrosa. Rare. 
 CI. Clirysuihnmis Uibulatus. One beautifully perfect specimen ; described and 
 
 figured from Mr. Lord's broken shell, sent simultaneously. 
 
 The following appear to be due to currents : — 
 
 62. Pnchydc-vnn crni^satelloidfs. Fragment. 
 
 63. Fissurella volcano. One broken specimen. 
 
 107. A collection of shells received from the Farallones Islands by Mr. R. 
 J). Darbishire, of Manchester, soon after the publication of the first Report, 
 contained several species at that time new to science, but in too imperfect a 
 condition for description. Among them were — 
 
 Mai-tesia inferculata, Maz. Cat., no. 1&. Burrowing in Ilaliotis rufescen». 
 Ododonda injlata, n. s. Young shells, abundant, in Jlaliutis rufescens. 
 Ocinebra hirida. 
 Ocinebra inierfossa, n. 8. 
 
 Collections from the same locality were afterwards sent by the Rev. J. 
 RowcU, and are tabulated with the rest of the Smithsonian series in the 4th 
 column of the general Table, par. 112. 
 
 114 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 629 
 
 lOS. In 18G0, previously to the comnnncement of the Californian Oeo- 
 Injrical Survey, Dr. J. G.(;oiipL'r joined a military expedition across the Kooky 
 Mountains, under the command nf Major Blake, U.S.A. Havinj^ t'orwardtd 
 his notes and specimens to Judj^e Coo]>er, they vrere placed in the hands of 
 3Ir. Tliomas Bland, of New York. He prepared a '• Notice of Land and 
 Freshwater S^ipIIs, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper in the Roeky Mountains, &c.,"' 
 •which appears in the * Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. York,' 18»il, pp. 'M2 et seij. 
 We have here Ihe judgment of one of the most distinguished students of 
 American land-soells, whose labours on the tropical forms huve accumulated 
 fricts so importan". in their bearing on tiie Darwinian controversy*. The fol- 
 lowing is an ou<^line of the Report, which is peculiarly valuable for the copious 
 iiijtes on the station and distribution of species : — 
 
 >'o. 
 
 L Jleli.r Toicnsendiana, Lea. " Both slopes of the Bitter Root Mountains, from 
 2200-5600 ft. high. Large var. at the base of the range to 4800 ft. Small 
 var. in dry prairie at junction of Hell-Gate and Bitter Root Rivers; also in 
 Wash. Ter., west of the Coast Mountains. The most wide-spread of the 
 species," J. G. C. ; Puget Sound, Cape Disappointment, teste Bland. 
 
 2. Helix- Mullani, n.s., Bland. " I'nder logs and in drv pine-woods : dead, Cceur 
 d'Alene Mission : living, west side of Bitter Root Mountains," J. G. C. ; 
 St. Joseph's River, 1st Camp, Oregon, teste Bintifi/. Closely allied to H. Co- 
 lumbiana, hea„ = labiosa, Gld. A lx>autiful hyaline var. was found under a 
 stone, by the Bitter Ro.t River, 4000 ft. high". 
 
 5. Helix jwhigyrella, n.s., Bland. " Moss and dead wood in dampest parts of 
 
 spruce-forests ; common on the Cceur d'Alene Mountains, especially eastern 
 slope," J. G. C. Entirely unlike any other N. A. species, and having affi- 
 nity with H. polygyrata from Brazil. 
 4> Helix Vancouverensix, Lea,= //. (wkwy/. Bin. sen. olim, non postea, nee Say; 
 = H. vellicata, Fbs., certainly; =//. ajxirfella, Gld., probably. " West ,-ii!e 
 of Coeur d'Alene Mountains, W. T., in forests of Coniferae, such as it in- 
 habits west of the Cascade Range. Between these two ranges, for 200 mib s, 
 is a wide plain, quite iminhabitable for snails, on account of drought. Th s 
 sp. and H. Toicnsendiana probably travel round it through the northern 
 forests in lat. 49°," J. G. C. Also Crescent City, Cal., Nevcomb : Oregon 
 City, Whidby's Is., W. T. ; Mus. Bland. Found on the I'acitic slope, from 
 Puget Sound to San Diego. 
 
 6. Helix striffosa, Gld. " /Estivating under pine-logs, on steep slope of shale, 
 
 containing veins of lime, 4000 ft. high, near Bitter Root River, Rocky Moun- 
 tains," J. G. C. ; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska : Rio Piedra, W. New 
 Mexico : teste Bland. One sp. reached N. York alive, and deposited six 
 young shells. [?May not these have been abnonnally hatched in the body 
 of the parent, from the unnatural confinement.] 
 
 6. Heliv Cooperi, Binn., jun. " East side of Mullan's Pass, Rockv Mountains, 
 
 W. T., at an elevation of 5500 ft.," J. G. C. ; Black Hills of Nebraska, Br. 
 V. Hnyden ; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska ; west side of Wind River 
 Mountains ; Rio Piedra, W. N. Mexico, teste Bland. Passes by varieties 
 towards //. sfnyosa, Gld. Ilayden's shell from Bridger's Pass.Nebr., referred 
 to by Binn., jun., Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 1858, p. 115, as H. sulitaria, var., ia 
 the young of this species. 
 
 7. H lix solifaria, Say. Both slopes of Cceur d'Alene Mts., 2500 feet high, J. G. C. 
 
 Also Prairie States, teste Bland. 
 
 8. Helix arborea. Say. " Damp bottom lands, along the lower valley of Hell-Gate 
 
 River, 4500 ft. high," J. G. C. Found from Labrador to Texas, and from 
 Florida to Nebraska ; also on the River Chama, N. Mex. ; also Guadaloupe, 
 teste Beau and Fertissac, letter to Say, 1820 ; teste Bland. 
 
 ♦ Vide " Geographical Distribution of the Genera and Specie? of Land Shells of the 
 West Indies, &c.," by Thomas Bland. Reprinted from Ann. L^c. Xat. Hist., vol.viL Jfew 
 York 186i. 
 
 115 
 
r,.30 REPORT— 18C3. 
 
 'J. JTeh't- •tfii'i'f'^fi, Anfli. "With ff. arh»ea,J. O. C. From Piinnila E. to Kansas, 
 and tVnm iViiiljina (Red liivtr N.) to N'irLrinia; t<'sti' Jilutid. 
 
 10. Succinea ni*ti((iiiu, Gld. '* Iiocky Mountaius of Litter lioot Vallev, 2ijOO- 
 
 4.JU0 tt.;' J. G. C. 
 
 The freshwater shells collected on the Rocky ^fountains hy Dr. Cooper 
 wore detennined, with the assiBtance of Dr. Lea and of Mchsrs. Binney and 
 Prime, as follows : — 
 
 11. LimnfPa frar/ilis [&3 of\ Linn. [Binney]. Hell-Gate River; Missouri River, 
 
 al)ove the Falls. [=i. jtaliistrin, auut.] 
 
 12. Limncea hvmiliii, Say. IIell-( Jate River. 
 
 l-'i. Limtuea hu/i'mnides, Linn. [Binneyl Missouri River, above the Falls. 
 
 14. LimiKPa (le*i(/i(isa, Siiy. Missouri River, above the Falls. 
 
 15. Phym hi/pnorum, Linn. Hell-Gate River. 
 
 ](). Phi/Mi heterodropha, Say. Hell-Gate River ; Missouri River, above the Fallfc 
 
 17. Pinnorlm trtvoli'is, Say. HelKiate River. 
 
 1h. Plauorbis ?parvus, Say. Hell-Gate River. 
 
 111. Aiiqilm, sp. ind. 
 
 20. Melanin pUcifera, Lea. Hell-Gate River. 
 
 2 1 . LfpUi.vis, ap. ind. 
 
 22. Amnicola, sp. ind. 
 
 2S. Sphferium [Cf/clasl orculentaU, Prime. Hell-Gate River. 
 
 24. Sph(erivm [Ct/clasj striatinum, Lam. Missouri River, above the Falls. 
 
 25. Unio lidfolua, Lam. 
 Margaritana margaritifera, Linn. Missouri River, above the Falls ; also Spokan 
 
 Iiiver, below Lake Cceur A'A.\^ne,=A.f<dcntus, Gld. ; the purple var. hithei-to 
 only found on the Pacific slope. 
 
 23, 
 
 109. The land-shells of the peninsula of California present points of great 
 interest to the student of geographical distribution. While those of the 
 eastern shore of the Gulf belong exclusively to the Mexican or Central Ame- 
 rican fauna, those of the western present in their general features that form 
 of the South American type which belongs to the region of the Andes. The 
 contrast between the Glandinae and painted Buliroids of Mazatlan, and the 
 small dull forms, Oi solid white shells of the peninsula, is evident even to the 
 superficial observer. They are catalogued by Mr. Binney in the ' Proc. Ac. 
 Nat. Sc. Philadelphia,' 1861, pp. 331-333, and are as follows, outline-figures 
 being given of the new species : — 
 
 No. 
 
 1. Heluv areolnta, Shy. Cerros Is., Dr. Veafch. 
 
 2. Ndix Pandores,Fhs. Margarita Is. (2fm/i6y). 
 
 .3. Btdnniis e.rcelsus, Gld. La Paz. (Mus. Cal. Acad. N. S.) 
 
 4. Bidimus vesicalis, Gld. Lower California. [Altered in ' Otia,' p. 184, to B. 
 
 suflnfiis; nom. preoc] 
 
 5. JBidinms imllidior, iihy., = 7:effetug, Gld. With P. incendens, v. infra. (S. Ame- 
 
 rica, Cwning.) [Cape St. Lucas List, no. 166.] 
 C. Buhmus prof ens, Brod. One large and many youn^ specimens; Cape St. Lucas, 
 Xantiis. (Mountains of Peru, teste Pfeiffer.) [C. S. L.. no. IbZ.l 
 
 7. Bidimus XanfuKt, n.s. Promontory of St. Lucas. 4 sp. Xantiis. [No. 168.] 
 
 8. Bidimus artemiiia, n.s. Promontory of St. Lucas. 1 sp., on small species or 
 
 Artemisia; Xantus. [C. S. L., no. 169.] 
 
 9. Buiimus pihda, n.s. Todos Santos Mission and Margarita Is., in rocky spots 
 
 under mosses, not uncommon, Xantus. Resembles B. su^atus,'}uii. [No. 170.] 
 10. Bidimtis incendens, n.s. In great numbera with B. pallidior, Sbv., climbing 
 
 high " copal " or copaiva trees, on dry hills 800-1000 ft. higfi ; Cape St. 
 
 Lucas, MaTjiarita Bav, Xantus. Resembles B. e.rcelsus, Gld. [No. 171.] 
 IL Pedipts liratUf Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. [C. S. L.^ no. 172.] 
 
 116 
 
OV MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 631 
 
 110. At the time of the preparation of the first Report, not a sinirle 
 naturalist was known in Europe to be resident on the western slop- of >'cn th 
 America, to whom communications could be addressed on the subject of it. 
 There was, however, even at that time, a " Californian Academy of Natural 
 Sciences," which met at 8. Francisco, and published its * Procetdinjfs.' Tbis 
 Academy is now in a flourishin{j; condition, uiuler the presidency of Col. L. 
 Hansom. The general zoologit al department is under the care of Dr. J. G. 
 Cooper; the shells under that of Dr. J. 1{. Trask. Vice- President of the Academy, 
 whose name has already api)eared in Judj^e Cooper's llepurt. antei'i, p. oi)7 ; 
 and the fossils under that of Mr. W. M. (iabb. The corresponding!; secretary 
 is Dr. W. 0. Ayres ; and the lilirarian Prof. J. D. Whitney, the director of 
 the State Geological Survey. Alreadj- the nucleus has been formed of a very 
 valuable collection, many of the critical species in which have been sent to 
 England for identification. The coasting-trade between S. Francisco and 
 many stations in L. California, the (Julf, and the ilexican coast, offers pecu- 
 liar facilities for obtaining valuable information. Two of the contributors to 
 the Californian Academy require special and grateful mention. Dr. Wesley 
 Newcomb (whose labours had greatly enriched the State Collection at his 
 native city, Albany, Xew York, and whose researches among the ArhatineUat 
 in the Sandwich Islands are well known) is stationed at Oakland, near Fran- 
 cisco, and has already furnished valuable papers, an abstract of which is here 
 given, as well as emendations and additions to the British Association Report, 
 •which are included in their appropriate places*. The Rev. J. Howell has long 
 been a regular correspondent of the Smithsonian Institution, and has sub- 
 mitted the whole of his West-coast collections for analysis. He has dis- 
 played peculiar industry in searching for small species on the 1 acks of the 
 larger shells, especially the Haliotids of the Californian coast, and the Ostri-a 
 iriilescens, which is imported in large quantities from Acapulco for the San 
 Francisco mai ^et f. 
 
 In the ' Proc. California Ac. Xat. Sc.,' vol. i. pp. 28-30, Feb. 1855, Dr. 
 J. B. Trask pu1)lished descriptions of Anodonfa Uandalli, Tra.sk, Upper San 
 Joaquin; Annrlonta ^nV//)</«7rtm, Trask, Sacramento River: Anodonta votund- 
 ovata, Trask, Sacramento Vallc}- ; Ahismodonta Fubaetisis, Trask, Yuba River. 
 
 In the ' Ann. Lye. X. H. Xew York,' vol. vii. 18G0, p. 146, Dr. Xewcomb 
 describes the first Fuj^a found on the Pacific slope, viz. Piij^a liowellu, Xewc. 
 Xear Oakland, Cal. " Approaches nearest to P. ovata, Say." 
 
 ♦ The " Chiton amicidafus," Newc, MS., = Cr>/pfochif on Sfe'Ieri. " Rare near S. Fran- 
 cisco ; somewhat more abundant in the Bay of Monterey." His " Pa7ioj)<ea fft.ierosa," in 
 the Albany Museum, was found to be Schizoftxerus iiutfaUii. 
 
 t As an instance of the way in which mistakes arise, may be placed on record a series 
 of shells sent to Mr. Rousseau, of Troy, New York, by Jlr. Hilman, formerly of that 
 city, now a resident at San Francisco. Tliey were sent as Californian ; yet, of the thirty- 
 four species which it contained, only one could be called a native of that province. All 
 the rest were tropical, and of that peculiar character which belongs to Acapulco. No 
 doubt, the gentleman had obtained them from a trader to that city. If only a lew species 
 had been sent, mixed with Californian shells, they might have puzzled the learned ; for they 
 were obtained, on the spot, by a gentleman of known integrity. As it was, the magnitude of 
 the error led to its discovery : but in how many similar ca^s sudi error is thought impos- 
 sible ! — Strigilla carnaria; Donax carinatus, puncto-striafus; Heferod. bimaculatus; Cul- 
 lisfa auravtia, chiorxga ; Pefr. rohusfa; Card, consors, hiavgulatum; Liocurd. apicimtm; 
 Trigona radiafa, Hinddi; Annm. svhimbricafa ; Lima tefrica , Siphonuria yigas, lecanitan ; 
 Patella discors, pedicrdiis ; Fiss. rvgosa ; Cruc. imbricafvm, spivosum, umbrella ; Crcp. 
 acuhata; Hipp, antimahts, barbatus; Cerith. uncinafi'm ; Modv.his disculus; Hafica 
 maroccana. catenafa; Pohriices uber; Leitc. cingulata; JEneta harpa; Purp. triangularis. 
 The single shell from the temperate fauna is Glyphis aspera. 
 
 117 
 
633 REPORT — 18G3. 
 
 In the ' Ann. Lye. N. H. New York,' 1S()1, p. 2S7, the Rov. J. Rowell. of 
 San Franeiscj, (Icstrihes thi' second speeies of Vufia * diHCOveied ou llie 
 western slope, viz. *' P. C<ilifi>niiia , Row., San Franciseo : plentiful." 
 
 On Febniury 4th, Istil, Dr. Wesley Newcomb published (Latin) dia- 
 gnoses of the following C'alitumian Pulmonates in the • I'roeeedings of the 
 Cal. Ac. Nat. Se.,' vol. ii. pp. yi-y4. A second Part bears date March iMh, 
 pp. 103, 1U4. 
 
 P»ge. 
 
 9L Helir Briffi/fn'i, Npwc. San Pablo, Cal. 1 sp. Distinct from nil deirribf d fnrm». 
 
 „ Jleli.v Tniskii, Newe. Los Angelos, Cal. " Distinguished from //. Thmiamii 
 
 at a glance." 
 
 02. Vitrhui lyeifferi, Newc. Carson Valley. More rounded than diaphana, Drap. 
 
 tt4. PUidium iKcideniale, Newc. Ocean House, S. Francisco, Jtuite//. 
 
 103. JJelLt Carjmiferi, Newc. Tulare Valley, Mus. Cal. Ac. Delongs to the Cy- 
 
 clostonioid group, and has the aspect of a desert species. [Quite distinct 
 from H. i'arpenteriana, lilaud, Florida.] 
 „ Helix AifremiiKi, Newc. Northem Oregon ; Mus. Cal. Ac. Resembles JI. 
 rttictdata, I'fr., a Californian species not identitied bv the author. 
 
 104. Phyaa costata, Newcomb. Clear Lake, Cal., Vtatvh, Mus. Cal. Ac. 
 
 In the 'Proc. Ac. Nut. Sc. Philadelphia, ISOl,' pp. 307-372, Mr. AV. M. 
 Gubb publish -d " Descri])tions of New Species of American Tertiarj- Fo.ssils,"' 
 in which occur several Californian shells. The authorities for the localitit^j 
 a7e not given, and the diagnoses are in English only. Considerable confusion 
 often arises from the study of tertiary fossils without knowledge of recent 
 shells, and vice versa. Mr. (Jabb's writings on the Cretaceous fossils of Ame- 
 rica display an ability with which this paper is perhaps not commensurate. 
 Some errors which had been found very difficult to understand are here cor- 
 rected by the author himself, who regrets the incompleteness of his earlier 
 work. 
 
 3G8. Turbotu'Ua aspera, G&hh. Sta. Barbara, Miocene. [=.B*«*m»i, sp., teste GflW, 
 MS.] 
 „ Modelia striata, Gabb. Sta. Barbara, ? Miocene. [ = iflic?/«« cnriiiata. Gld. 
 teste Gabb MS. and specimens. Mr. Gabb considers that Litoriiut Pednmua 
 Conr., is the same species, which is probably not correct.] 
 869, S^hmia hilirata, Gabb. Sta. Barbara. [Description accords with Sauicava 
 arctica, jun., var. ; but Mr. Gabb considers it a good species.] 
 „ Venm rhysomia, ii&hh. ? Miocene, Sta. Barbara. \^=. Psephu tamiiniy G\^., 
 teste Gabb MS. and specimens.] 
 371. Cardita moniiicosta. ? Miocene, Sta. Barbara. [Description accords vith 
 Venericardia ventricosa, Gld. jun.; but Mr. Gabb considers it a good species.] 
 „ Morrisia Hornii. ? Miocene. Sta. Barbara. " F'irst pointed out oy Dr. 
 Horn in a rich fossiliferous marl, and not imcommon." 
 
 In the ' Proceedings of the Calif. Ac. Nat. So.' for April 7th, 1862, pp. 1 70- 
 172, Mr. "W. M. Gabb published detailed English " Descriptions of two Species 
 of Cephalopoda in the Museum of the Academy," of which one, Oni/cJioituthis 
 Jrisifonnis, is said to be from Cape Horn, the other from California. 
 
 170. Octopus punctatus, Gabb. Common near San Francisco. Also abundant in 
 Scanmion's Lagoon, Lower California, Capt. C M. Scamnvm. Arms more 
 than seven feet long. Dr. W. O. Ayres. " Difl'ers from O. meyalmyathus, 
 
 * That the race of small Pupa is very ancient on the North American continent, as in 
 Europe, is evident from the very interesting discovery, by Prof. Dawson, of a fossil Pii]"', 
 in sifu, nestling in an upright tree, fossilized in the Nova Scotian coal-beds; which can 
 scarcely be distinguished, even specifically, from gome living forms. 
 
 118 
 
ox MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 033 
 
 Page. 
 
 Couth., E. E. Mull. p. 471, in absence of lateral membrane, size of mouth and 
 nipiile.^, and ir''"'"''<il i-olonitiou." 
 171. Oni/c/ioftiithi.^ fimi/o mi*, (iabb. ** Cape Horn," Mua. Ac. [San Clemente 
 is., C"al., iu'iprr, Ms.j 
 
 From the • Proc. Cal. .\c. N. 8.,' 1863, p. 11, it apponrs that nt least one 
 mollusc, a Tere'lit or Xi/lotr>i<i, has already established for itstlf an eionomic 
 celebrity. Piles have been entirelj* destroyed in six mouths from the time 
 they were placed in the water. 
 
 On March 2, l"^*!."}, Mr. Au^u^te llemond published, in the same Journal, 
 Kngliih " Descriptions of two new Species of Bivalves from the Tertiaries of 
 Contra Costa County: " — 
 
 13. Caniiiim Ciuhhii, IJem. Late tert. deposit near Kirker's Pas.s, in shelly sand, 
 with Tapes rfifiiltii-it, (iiibb, and IVIun-s poHtleromiti, (iubb, both e.\tiiut. 
 " F'a.silv recop-uized by heavy hinjje and enormous laterals ; luuule cuii- 
 nated.' I'f Li(x-itrthinii ] 
 
 I, Ontrta liouri/foiMi, Keui. Same locality. 
 
 On April 20, 18(53, Dr. Cooper described (in English) the following mol- 
 lusc, of which the only species previously known is from Cuba : — 
 
 21. Giindlachia Californica, Kowell. Fijr. 5 (three views). Fifty specimens nn 
 water-plants in clear, .stagnant pond.s, at Marysville, Feather lliver, llouvll. 
 
 On January 8. 18G4, Dr. Newcorab described (in Latin) the following, 
 with other Pulmonates from the State Survey, already tabulated in p. Wd : — • 
 
 115. Hcli.f Ilillchrdiuli, Newc. Tuolumne Co., Cal. One recent and several fossi 
 shells, M. Vol/. Like // Thoiuirm, but depressed and hirsute. 
 
 The latest contribution to the malacology of Califoniia is one of the most 
 interesting. It is described (in Latin) by Dr. Newcomb, Feb. 1, 18G4 : — 
 
 121. Pedicii/nria Californica, Newc. One specimen from coral growing on a mon- 
 ster Evhidnoccnig, verv deep water, Farallones Is., I). J\' Pohiumn. " .Vs 
 beai tiful as P. elef/antimiiui, Desh., from Is. Bourbon." [Mr. Pease also ob- 
 tained a deep-water I'cilivularia from coral in the Pacific Is., which Mr. 
 Cuming afHliated to the Mediten-anean P. Simla. Dr. Gould (Otia, p. 215) 
 also describes P. dicmsata, coast of Georgia, 400 fm., U. S. Coast Suney.J 
 
 111. The following descriptions of species, and notes on habitats and 
 synonymy, have been collated from various American scientific periodicals, 
 chiefly by the as.sistance of Mr. Binney's ' Bibliography.' 
 
 In the ' American Journal of Science and Art,' 0. S., vol. xxxviii. p. 39G, 
 Apnl 1840, Dr. A. A. Gould records the following species, said to be from 
 *• California." His Trochus vittutus is not known : — 
 
 Murex tricolor et bicolor. 
 Cardium Calilbraianum. 
 
 Trochus vittatus. 
 Bulimus undatus. 
 
 In the 'Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History,' vol. iv 
 1846, No. 5, p. 165, Mr. John H. Redfield first described Triton Oret/oneme, 
 Straits of San Juan de Fuca : plate 11. fig. 2. 
 
 In the * Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,' 
 1848, vol. iv. p. 121, Mr. T. A. Conrad described new genera, and gave notes on 
 ParapJwJdS Ciilifornica, Crijptomya Californica, and Psammohia Califomicrt, 
 altering Osteodesma hifolina (nom. preoc.) into Lifonsia Floridann. In the 
 same work, March 18.54, vol. vii., Mr. Conrad described Citafhodonta nndidati. 
 He also states that G'withodon triffonum. Petit, is probably identical with G, 
 Lccontei, Conr. ['?] (nom. prior), and alters genus Tritjonella to Pachi/desma, 
 
 119 
 
634 REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 In the 'Proc. Boston Ac. Nat. Hist.,' July 1851, vol. iv. p. 27, Dr. A. A. 
 Gould published '• Xotes on Californiau Shells," and, in vol. vi. p. 11, described 
 Helix ramentosa, California, and Helix damascenus, from the desert east of 
 California. 
 
 In the 'Proceedings Ac. Nat. So. Phil.,' April 1856, vol. viii. pp. 80, 81, 
 Dr. Isaac Loa described the following species of new freshwater shells from 
 California : — 
 
 Pomphnh/.r effiisa. Sacramento River. 
 Melania S/uiKtae/isis. Shasta and .Scott Rivers. 
 Mvlatda uit/riiui. Clear Creek, Shasta Co. 
 P/ti/sa friticra. Shasta Co. 
 Planorhis Traskii. Kern Lake, Tulan Co. 
 Li/tnnepa pro.rinia. An'oya, St. Antonio. 
 Aucylm patelloides. Sacramento itiver. 
 
 and offered notes on 
 
 Margaritana marfiaritifera, L.ea, = Alasmodonta falcata, G\d., s Ahsmodonta 
 
 Yubiwnsis. Trask. Klamath and Yuba. 
 Anodonta Wahlamatensis, Lea, = .^. triangttlata, Trask,+-4. rotundovata, Trask. 
 
 Sacramento River. 
 A-Dodonta anf/ulata, Lea,+.<4. fennnalis, Gld.,+.<4. Eandalli, Trask. Upper 
 
 San .Toaquin. 
 Helii Oretf.inensii, Lea. Point Cypress, Monterey Co. 
 Helix Nitklininna, Lea. Tomales Bay and Dead Man's Island. 
 HelLc Califoniietisis, Lea. Point Cypress. 
 Lymnaa e.iif/i>a, Lea. San Antonio Arroya. 
 Lumneea pallida. Ad. San Antonio An-oya. 
 P/iy-sa heteroMropha, Say. Los Anjreles. 
 Mflania ocrafti, lids. Sacramento River. 
 Melanin (Paludina) seminalis, lids. Sacramento River. 
 Planorhis tricoliin, Sa}'. Horn Lake. 
 Planorbis amnion, Gld. Lagoons, Sacramento Valley. 
 
 In the New Series of the 'Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia' occur descriptions 
 and notes on species, as under : — 
 
 Page. 
 18.57. Feb. 18. Helix intercisa,^.G.^in.,'=H. Nickliniana, Bin. sen., var. 
 
 Oregon. 
 1857. „ 19. Succinea linecda, W. G. Bin. Nebraska. 
 
 1857. June. 165. Mr. T. A. Conrad described the genus Gonidea for A. anpii- 
 
 lata, Lea ; and for Gonidea Eandalii, Trask, and Gonidea 
 fetninalis, Gld. ; regarding the three species as probably 
 di.stinct. [Dr. Lea, however, considers them varietal.] 
 
 1858. March. 41. Dr. I. I^ea described Planorlns Netcbertyi. Klamath Lake 
 
 and Canoe Creek, California. 
 1860. March. 23. Melanin Newberryi, Lea. Upper Des Chutes River, Oregon, 
 Newberry. 
 
 In the " Notes on Shells, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species," by 
 T. A. Conrad, reprinted from the ' Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil.,' Aug. 1849, are 
 given the following synonyms, pp. 213, 214 : — 
 
 Petricola Calif ornica, C onr., = Sa.rtcava C, Conr.,=rP. arciiata, Desh. 
 Petricola carditoides, Com., = Sa^iicava c, Conr.,=P. cylindracea, Desh. 
 Siliqua Nuttallit, Conr. ,= Sol4'cttrtti8 N., Coar. ,=Soleciirtus maximus, Gld., non 
 
 Wood, =i>olen splendens, Chenu. 
 Siliyua hwida, Com:, = Solvcwtus I.. ConT.,=:Solecurtus radiatus, Gld., noa 
 
 LuiB. J 20 
 
•' OS MOLLUSCA OF THZ WEST COAST OF \ORTH AMERICA. 6o5 
 
 In his " Synopsw of the Genera Ptirapholas and Pitnitella,'' from the same 
 source, p. 335, are given as synonyms — 
 
 Parapholas CaUfonika, Coi\r., =r/to(as C, Conr., =P/iohs Jniielh', Desli. 
 Pexttrlhi Conradi, Val., ^P'luhit pi'nita, Cour., ^Phulas concamcrntn, Desh. 
 Penitella melanura, Sby., =iPem!ella IViUoni, Conr. (not Pampho'as biailcald). 
 
 In the elaborate hut somewhat intricate " Monoj^aph of the Order Phola- 
 dacea,'' itc, by G. W. Tryon. jun.. Phihidolphia, 1802. the followinj;: sjieoios 
 are quoted from the West C(jast, and form the conclusion of the muiiue sheila 
 hitherto described, so far as known to the writer : — 
 
 Page. 
 
 49. Rocellaria [GattrocJurna] ovafa. Shy. Panama, W. I., and Charleston, Sfimp- 
 gon. " Jsot the slightest difference between the Pacitic and Atlantic speci- 
 mens." 
 
 74. Pholus { Cyrtopkura) trimcata, Say. Massachusetts ; S, Carolina ; Payta, Peru, 
 ]iitscftettberf/er ; Chili. 
 
 77. Dadylitia {Gitocentrurn) Chiloemis, Kino-, 1832, = PA. laqueata, Sby., 1849. 
 I'eru, Chili [Panama, Jeweft]. Scarcely differs from D. Campechetisis,= 
 Ph. oblongata, Say, =Ph. Candeana, D'Orb. : Southern U. S.. W. I. 
 
 82. JVawfl swft^/oiow. Gray, Ann. N. H. 1851, vol. v-iii. p. 385. California. ["In 
 a hole in a shell. Cabinet Grav." Neither shell nor authority stated.] 
 
 85. Pholadidea (Hatasia) melanura, bby. Lower California, = P(e«eV<'//« Wihonit, 
 Conr., J. A. N. Sc. Ph., tig. 4 (non 5). " This error in figuring led ])r. 
 Graj' to misunderstand both the species and Conrad's idea of the genus 
 Penitella." [Vide Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1856, p. 265.] 
 
 87. Penitella penita. [Mr. Tryon erroneously quotes (Netastoma) Danvinii, as 
 
 well as Ph. cornea, as synonyms.] 
 
 88. Jouannetia (Pholadopgis) pectinata, Conr., = Triomphalia pulcherrima, Sby. 
 
 " California " [no authority], W. Columbia. 
 127, "Pholm refifer, Miirch, Mai. Blatt. vii. 177, Dec. 1860. One broken right 
 valve, //at. KealLlejos. = Dactyl ina (Gitocentrurn) CAiYowww, King [teste 
 Tryon]. 
 
 112. The following Table contains a complete list ot all the lirolluscs which 
 have been identified, from Vancouver Island to S. Diego, nrranged so as to 
 show at the same time their habitat, and the principal collectors who hitve 
 obtained them. The species in the first column were o])taincd by Prof. 
 Nuttall; in the second, by Col. Jewett. The third cohimn (marked E.A.) 
 contains the species tabulated from other sources in the First Keport. Those 
 to the right of the double column are the fresh explorations recorded in this 
 Supplementary Report. The fourth column contains the shells brought by 
 the Pacific Railroad Expeditions, as weU as the species sent to the ofhcers ot 
 the Smithsonian Institution by the Rev. J. Rowell and their various corre- 
 epondents. The fifth column (' Ken.') contains the species of the American, 
 and the sixth (' Lord ') of the British Nort/t Pacific Boiindaiy Survey. The 
 seventh records the collections of Mr. Swan and his Indiim children ; the 
 last, those of Dr. Cooper in the Californian Geological Survey. As a largo 
 proportion of the species are as 5-et unknown, and the diagnoses will be found 
 scattered in various periodicals, some of which are rarely accessible in this 
 country, it has been judged needful to add a few words of description, with 
 references to well-known books. By this means the student will have beforo 
 him a compact handbook of the fauna, and will distinguish at a glance th« 
 range of localities, and the amount of authority for each. For the full 
 ijiionymy, the previous pages of the two Reports must be consulted. - 
 
 121 
 
 ^AT 
 
 1, .-. . ...woi-*^ 
 
 
GPS 
 
 REPORT — 18C3. 
 
 Jiesults of ihe Explomtions in the Vaneovvfr and Cah'fornian Province. 18G4. 
 {Oinittinif ihe doubtfully located and undetermined sjiecies.) 
 
 The letters stand for the localities in which the shells were collected, as 
 follows : — 
 
 Vancouver Island, Straits of S. 
 Juan de Fiica, and adjoining 
 shores of Wiishington Teriitory, 
 I'ormrrly known as ' t>regon.' 
 
 Piifret's Sound and the neighboui-- 
 hood. 
 
 Oregon ; and the region on each side 
 of the Columbia River. 
 
 California ; or the district north of 
 the peninsula, generally. 
 L. Peninsula of Lower California. 
 F. Neighbourhood of S. Francisco. 
 
 P. 
 O. 
 C. 
 
 M. 
 B. 
 D. 
 
 Neighbourhood of Monterey. 
 
 „ Sta. Barbara. 
 
 The region between S. Diego and 
 S. Pedro. 
 T. The islands : in the 4th column, 
 generally the Faralloues; in the 
 last, the Sta. Barbara group. 
 H. Species obtained from the backs of 
 Ilaliotids ; locality unknown ; 
 probably Lower California. 
 fr. Fragments only. 
 jfos. Only found fossil. 
 
 
 Nutt. 
 
 Jew. B. A. 
 
 Smiths. Ins.' Ken. 
 
 1 
 
 Lord.'Swan.i Cooper. 
 
 Defrancia intricata 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 
 P 
 C 
 
 P 
 
 F 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 1) 
 
 BD 
 MD 
 
 T 
 
 T 
 
 1. Lingula albida 
 
 2. Rhyuconella psittacea .... 
 
 3. Terebratula uuguiculus. . . . 
 
 4. Waldheimia pulvinata .... 
 
 5. Califoniica 
 
 6. Gravi 
 
 7. Terebratella Coreanica .... 
 
 8, caurina 
 
 P i V 
 
 V — 1 
 
 V ?T 1 
 
 9. Xylotrya pennatifera .... 
 10. timbriata 
 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 — 
 
 Guide to the Dioffnosis of the Vancouver and Californian Shells. 
 
 Class PoLYzo.\. Family I}iscoporida. 
 Defraima tntricata, Busk. Maz. Cat. no. 13. From Southern fauna The re- 
 maining species in this class have not yet been determined. 
 
 Class PALLiOBRAXrHiATA. Family Lingulidee. 
 
 1. Lingtda albida, Hds. Voy. Sulph. ; Rve., Hani., Davidson et auct. 20 fin. c. Cp. 
 
 Family Mh/nconellida. 
 
 2. Rhynconella psittacea, Linn. auct. E. & W. Atlantic : circumpolar. 
 
 Family Terebratulidfe. 
 0. Terehntulaungiiicrdtis, n. 8. Like Terebratella caput serpentism size, shape, and 
 sculpture ; but loop incomplete in adult, as in T. vitrea. 6-20 fm. not r. {)>. 
 
 4. Waldheitnia pulvinata, Gld. E.E. Smooth, subglobular, ashy. 80 fm., living, 
 
 Cp., CL 
 
 5. ? Waldheimia Califorvica, Koch, non auct. Colour ashy. Intermediate between 
 
 Coreanica and ghibosa, Lam., Rve. (which is Californica, auct. non Koch). 
 
 6. Waldheimia Grai/i, Davidson. VeiT transverse, reddish, deeply ribbed. 
 
 7. Terebratella Coreanica, Ad. & Rve. Voy. Samarang. Size oi globma; reddish. 
 
 =:ininiata, Gld. Jun. ?=//-t>;i^«//s, 5lidd., Asia. 
 
 8. Terebratella caurina, Gld. E.E. Like dorsata; subtriangular, ashy, with strong 
 
 or faint ribs, ^ 
 
 Class Lamf.llibranchiata. Family Teredida. 
 
 9. Xylotrya pennatifera, Blainv. Ann. Nat. Hist. 18<)0, p. 126. 
 
 10. Xylotrya fmbriata, Jetir. in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1860, p. VlQ;—puhntilata, Fbs. & 
 IliUil., non Liuu. Phil. 
 
 122 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 637 
 
 
 Xutt. Jew. 
 
 1 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smiths. Ins. Ken. 
 
 Lord.' Swan. 
 
 1 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 11. Ziipliiea crispata 
 
 12. Pholadidea penita 
 
 13. ovoidea 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 i 
 
 B 
 D 
 
 M 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 C 
 D 
 M 
 
 'c 
 
 CL 
 P 
 P 
 C 
 C 
 C 
 
 VOFMB 
 H 
 
 I 
 
 MCH 
 PF 
 
 F 
 OFM 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 ?v 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 
 
 Bfr. 
 MD 
 
 M 
 
 C 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 FDI 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 BI 
 
 14. Netastoiua Darwinii .... 
 
 15. Marte.^ii intercalata 
 
 10. I'arapholas Californica. . . . 
 17. Sa\icava pholadis 
 
 18. rflycimens prenerosa 
 
 19. Mva tnmcata ". 
 
 20. Platyodon cancellatus .... 
 
 21. Crvptomya Californica . . 
 
 22. 8chizoth»nis Nuttalli . . . . 
 
 2;j. Davina dedivis 
 
 24. Corbula luteola 
 
 25. SphiEnia ovoidea 
 
 26. > eiera pectinata 
 
 Family Pholadida. 
 
 11. ZirphfPn a-i'spata, Linn. auct. E. & W. Atlantic and circiimpolar. 
 
 12. Pholadidea penita, Conr. Ilanl. s.\ict.=^ concameruta, Desh. Shape from elongate 
 
 to ovoid ; unibonal reflexion closely adherent. 
 
 13. Pholadidea onndfu, Gld. Otia. Umbonal reflexion with anterior openinof. 
 
 14. NetaMoma Danvinii. Sby. New subgenus : valves prolonjred, like duck's bill 
 
 instead of cups. Surface with concentric frills. Quoted from " S. A." 
 
 15. Martesia intercidata, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 19. From Southern fauna. 
 
 16. Paraphohis Californica, Conr. Hani. auct. = P. JattelUi, Desh. Very large; 
 
 with layers of thin, short cups. 
 
 Family Saxicavidee. 
 
 17. Saxicava pholadis, Linn, auct.+var. arctica, Linn. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 234- var. 
 
 ffa.ifrochaitoidea, ovoid and gaping like Maz. Cat. no. 21+var. legumen, Desh., 
 elongate, cylindrical, scarcely gaping. 
 
 18. Ghjcimeris getierosa, Gld. E.E. Perhaps = Pa?jop«a Faiijasii, S.Wood, Crag 
 
 Moll. : pipes like Saxicava. 
 
 circumpolar. 
 
 Low water : common. 
 
 Family Myadee. 
 
 19. Mya truncafa, Linn. auct. = 3/. prcecim, Gld. Atlantic ; 
 
 20. Plafi/odon cancellatus, Conr. Hani. Pipe-enda 4-valved. 
 
 Sold in S. Francisco market, Cp. 
 
 21. Cnjptom)ia Californica, Conr. Outside like young Mya ; mantle-bend neailj 
 
 obsolete. 
 
 Subfamily LutrarinoB, 
 
 22. SchzothfPrus Nuttalli, Qnnr.-^Tresus maximus, Midd. Gray=:Z. capax, Gld. 
 
 Shape from ovoid to elongate ; ren- large and tumid ; beaks swollen ; hinge- 
 sides channeled ; mantle-bend joined to ventral line. 
 
 23. Danna dedivis, n. s. Outside like Machara. Cai'tilage-pits produced, gaping. 
 
 24. Corhula, hdenln, n. s. 
 
 25. Sphtrnia oroidca, n. 8. 
 
 26. Neccrn pectinata, n. s, 
 
 40-liOfm. Cp. 
 
 Family Corhulida. 
 
 Shape of young biradiata ; small, ashy yellow. Com. Cp, 
 
 Sipnonal area small ; front excurved ; mantle-bend large. 
 
 Principal nbs about 12; beak smooth. Like mkuta. 
 
638 
 
 REPORT— 18C3. 
 
 
 N'utt. 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smiths. Ins. Ken. \ Lord. 
 
 Swan. Cooper. 
 
 27. Clidiopliora punctata .... 
 '28. Kennerlia filosa 
 
 B 
 
 D 
 B 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 B 
 B 
 OB 
 D 
 C 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 B 
 B 
 F 
 
 PC 
 
 ^i 
 P 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 oc 
 c 
 
 I 
 
 D 
 P 
 
 VOF 
 L 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 I 
 
 D 
 
 MD 
 D 
 
 T 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 1)1 
 
 D 
 
 29. bicai'inata 
 
 •"50. Periploma an^'entaria .... 
 •M. Tlivttcia ciirta 
 
 '•i2. Lyonsia Califomica 
 
 .'3. Entodesma saxicola . . 
 
 U. inHata 
 
 •35. Mytilimeria Nuttalli .... 
 
 ;^6. Plectodon scaber 
 
 37. Solen sicarius 
 
 .37 h. V. rosaceus 
 
 38. Solecurtua Califomianus . . 
 .39. subteres 
 
 40. Machsera patiila 
 
 41. Saiiuuinolaria Xuttalli .... 
 
 42. Psaiimiobia rubroiadiata . . 
 
 Family Pandorid<e. 
 
 27. CUdiopJtnra punctata, n. g'. (Type of gPiiiis = Prt«<fom claviculata, P. Z. S. 185.5, 
 
 p. 228.) Teeth Jf, posterior lonrr, with o<.<icle. Conr. sp. ; Yike CI. trilineuta, 
 but teeth more diverjrent ; inside stronyly punctate. 
 
 28. Kennerlia filom, n. s. New subjrenus of Pandora with ossicle : outer layer ra- 
 
 diately <rrooved. Shell beaked. 
 
 29. Kennerlia bicarinata, n. s. Not beaked ; 2 post, keels in convex yalve. 40-60 
 
 fin. r. Q^. May prove=P. bilirata, Conr. 
 
 Family Anatinida. 
 
 30. Periploma arffentaria, Conr. Ilanl. Larjre, subquadrate. 
 .31. Tiiracia eurta, Conr. Hani. Stronpr, subovate. 
 
 32. Lyonmi Caiifornica. Conr. Ilanl. +6>"ffc^m<«-|-«jViV/rt,Gld. Outline variable : often 
 
 close to Atlantic L. Floridana : striated external layer fugacious. 
 
 33. Entndesma sa.vicola, Baird. Subgenus of Lyonsia : animal nestling, iri'Pgular. 
 
 Close to E. cimeata, Ad. & Kve. Form protean : brittle, thick, luri'l, with 
 enormous ossicle. Var. cylindracea has the form of Sa.vicava pfioladis. 
 
 34. Entodesma injlata, Conr. = diaphana, Cpr. P. Z. S. ISoo, p. 228. From Southern 
 
 fauna. Like picta, but pale, without pinch. 
 
 35. Mytilimeria yuttalli, Conr. Ilanl. ? Subgenus of Lyonsia : rounded, with spiral 
 
 umbos. 
 30. Plectodon scnher,n. g., U.S. Shape of 7%eo/*a : dorsal margins twisted-in spirally 
 inside umbos. Lateral teeth laminated, with internal cartilage hidden, ap- 
 pressed. 2 r. valves, 40-00 fm. Cp. 
 
 Family Solenidee, 
 
 37. Sokn sicarius, Gld. Otia. Nearly straight, rather short, truncated. 
 
 376. <So/e» ? var. roaacem. Straight, narrower, longer, smaller ; glossy, rosy. 
 
 Family Solecurtidce. 
 
 38. Solecurtus Californianm, Conr. Ilanl. May be a var. of the Peruvian ?Domheyt. 
 
 Yellowish ash, with ventral parallel grooves, A ?var. without grooves closely 
 resembles yihbtis. 
 ,39. SoWurtm siibferes, Conr. Hani. Small, compact, with violet rays. 
 
 40. Manhfera patida, Dixon siS. mavimtts, '\Vooi:= yrandis, Gmel. = Siliqua Xuttalli 
 
 ? -{-lucida, Conr. (var. jun.) Asia. 
 
 Family Tellinida. 
 
 41. Sin^uinohria NidiaUi, Conr. \l'\r\\. = Pi<immob{a decora, Hds. Flat, rounded. 
 
 42. Piaiinivjbia rubro-radiata, Nutt. Large : 9hap3 of veiperLina : rayed with lilac 
 
 124 
 
ox MOLLrsCA OF THE WEST COAST OF XORTH AMERICA. 
 
 639 
 
 
 Nutt. 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B. A. Smiths. Ins. 
 
 Ken. 
 
 Lord. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 Cooper. 1 
 
 43. Macoiiia spcta 
 
 
 OD 
 
 
 B 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 B 
 
 C ' MIL 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 MD 
 
 F 
 
 FM 
 
 D 
 MI 
 D 
 M 
 D 
 D 
 
 1)1 
 DI 
 
 
 OC: 
 
 
 i 
 
 OF 
 C 
 
 PO 
 
 VPOF 
 
 
 OF 
 
 D 
 
 DL 
 F 
 
 
 D 
 
 44. inilentata 
 
 45. yoldifonuis 
 
 47. inquinata 
 
 476. ? edentula 
 
 48. V. expansa 
 
 49. incon.«picua 
 
 50. Angulus niodestus 
 
 506. ohtusus 
 
 52. Gouldii 
 
 53. M.pra salmonea .... 
 
 54. Tellina Bodegensis 
 
 55. Arcopagia lamellata .. 
 
 56. (Edalia suodiaphana 
 
 57. Cooperella scintillietbrmis . 
 
 58. Lutricola alba 
 
 
 43. Macnmn s«>efrt,Conr. Hani. Large, flat, rounded, glossy; winged behind ligament. 
 43 6. Mucoma var. edulis, Xutt. Northern form, le.ss transver.se ; te.xture dull. 
 
 44. Macmnn indtntata, n. 8. Like secta, jun., but beaked, indented, and Aentrally 
 
 produced. 
 
 45. Macoma yoldiformis, n. s. Small, white, glossy, yeiy transverse ; ligament-ai'ea 
 
 8Cooped-out. 
 
 46. Macoma nasuta, Conr. auct.-f-^er«a, Gld. Large, beaked, twisted; mantle- 
 
 bend touching opposite scar in one valve. From Kamtschatka to S. Diego. 
 Cape Lady Franklin, 70^, Belcher, 1820. 3 ft., mud, between tide-marlcs, 
 Lord. 
 
 47. Macoma inquinata, Desh. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 357. Like degraded nasxita ; mantle- 
 
 bend a little separated from scar in both valves. 
 47 6. Macoma Yedenttua, Brod. & Sby. jun. ; or an abnormal var. of inqiiinatn. 
 
 48. Macoma ?var. e.rpanm. Scars like lata and calcarea in Mus. Cum., but teeth 
 
 Scarcely differs from lata, Desh. in B. M. 
 
 49. 
 
 not bifid, very thin, glo§^% 
 
 Greenland. 
 Macoma inconspicua, Br. & Shy. — Sang. Californiana, Conr. Probably =" Fa- 
 
 bricii=fragilis, Fabr." in "Mus. Cum. Like thin, flat solidula: pink; var. 
 
 large, white. 8-15 fm. Lyall. 
 60. Angulus modestus, n. s. (Subg. of Tellina.) Like tener, Say ; but with callus 
 
 between mantle-bend and scar. White. 
 50 6. Angulus ?var. obtusus. Inside like modestus ; but beaks obtuse. 
 
 51. Angulus variegatus, n. s. Shape of obtusus : no callus ; rayed with pink and 
 
 yellow. 20-60 fm. r. C/>. 
 
 52. .4H(yM/««Goj«/</«, Hani. MS. inMua. Cum. Small, white; ant. ventr. side swollen. 
 
 53. Mcera salmonea, n. s. (Scarcely differs from Angulus.) Small, subquadrate, 
 glossy, salmon-tinted. Beach-20 fm. Cp. 
 
 TeUina Bodegemis, Hinds, Voy. Sulph. Large, strong, transverse, with con- 
 centric grooves. 
 
 Arcopagia lamellata, Maz. Cat. no. 58. One fine pair in shell washings. 
 
 (Edidia subdiaphana, n. g., n. s. Thin, swollen, shape of Kellia, ligament sur- 
 rounding beaks : hinge with 5 bifid teeth (3-2) ; no laterals ; large mantle- 
 bend. 
 
 Coo})erella scintiUaformis, n. 8. New subgenus of (Edalia. Cartilage semi- 
 intenial : only 1 tooth bifid. 
 
 Lutricola a/<a, Conr. {Tellina). For this group (=Capsa, "Bosc," Add. non 
 Lam.), scarcely agreeing with either Macoma or Scrobicularia, Blaiuville's 
 
 126 
 
 54. 
 
 55. 
 56. 
 
 57, 
 
 68, 
 
640 
 
 EEPORT — 1863. 
 
 5!(. Semele deeisa 
 
 <■>(). rupium 
 
 (51. runrolineata 
 
 ()2. pulchia 
 
 ti.'i. iiicongrua 
 
 «;4. CiTminjria Califnrnica . . . . 
 
 <> '. Donax f "alifornicus 
 
 (!(). tlexuo.sus 
 
 07. navicula 
 
 <)•*. Heterorlonax bimaciilatus 
 (iO. Standella Californica . . . . 
 (■)'.) 6. nasuta 
 
 70. plaiiulata 
 
 71. i'alcata 
 
 72. Raeta undulata 
 
 T'-i. dementia sul'diaphana . . 
 
 74. Amiantis callosa 
 
 75. I'achj-desma crassatelloides 
 70. Psephis tantilla 
 
 Nutt 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B. A. 
 
 Smiths. Id9. 
 
 Ken. 
 
 Lord. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 CociPt-r. 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 C 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 I 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 
 V 
 
 D 
 I 
 
 1)1 
 D 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 C 1 
 
 DL 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 — ' 
 
 D 
 L 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 F 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Yfr. 
 
 D 
 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 c 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 p 
 
 L 
 
 — 
 
 P 
 
 — 
 
 V 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 c 
 
 L 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 
 BD 
 
 B 
 
 c 
 
 FM 
 
 
 
 
 
 V/r. 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 I 
 
 svnonnnic name may be reviyed in restricted sense. S^ecies= bianfftilata, 
 
 ?. Z. S. 185.-,, p. 230. 
 I5n. Srmele dca'sa, Conr. aiict. Large, roiifrh, like Penn-ian corrvgafa, but truncated. 
 00. iiewele rttpiiim, Sby. Smaller, roiijrh, swollen ; with smaller mautle-beud. 
 
 Galapagos. Not r. Cp. 
 61. Semele rubrolineata, (? Conr.). Flattened, same shape, with faint sculpture each 
 
 way, and pink rays. [Conrad's lost shell may be young deeisa.'] 
 02. Semele pukhin, Sby. Transverse, crowded concentric sculpture, with radiating 
 
 lines at sides. Southern fauna. 
 6-3. Semele incongrua, n. s. Like pulchra, with concentric sculptiu'e differing in r. 
 
 and 1. valves: fine radiating striae all over. 40-00 fm. c. Cp. 
 
 64. Cumitigia Californica, Conr. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 44. 
 
 65. Donax Califoniicus, Conr. (non Desh.) =o6esMS, Gld. (non Desh.). Smooth, 
 
 stumpy : outline and colour variable. 
 00. Donate jiexuosus, Gld. Like punctostriata jun. with stronger keel, and no 
 
 punctures. 
 67. Dmiax navicula, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 77. From Southera faima. 
 G8. Hetervdonax bimacidatus. Broad var., generally violet, = P»ffw»no6(rt Pacijlcaf 
 
 Cour.= Tellina vicina, C. B. Ad. Cape St. Lucas, A capulco, W. Indies. 
 
 Family Mactrides. 
 
 69. Standella Calif omica,C(mr. (non Desh.). Large, shaped like Schiz. Nuttallifhnt 
 
 beaks naiTow. Mantle-bend separate from ventral line. 
 69 6. Standella ? var. nastda, Gld. (suppressed). Revived for young shells between 
 Californica and plnmdata, till more is known. 
 
 70. Standella plamdata, Conr. Nearly as large ; shape approaching Mactrella e.rokta, 
 
 71. Standella fakata, Gld. Otia. Shape like plamdata, but flatter. 
 
 72. Haeta itndtdata, Gld. Otia. Like the Atlantic R. canaliculata, but reversed. 
 
 Bare at S. Pedro, Cp. 
 
 Family Veneridee. 
 
 73. ? dementia suhdiaphana, n. s. Hinge normal, very thin, ashv. 
 
 74. Amiantis callosa, Conr. (not auct.). Subgenus ol Callista : liinge-plate rough- 
 
 ened as in Mercenaria : mantle-bend as in Dosinia. L. w. com. Cp. 
 
 75. Pachydesma crassatelloides, Conr. auct. Subgenus of Trtgona, with fewer teeth : 
 
 j\in. = stultorum, Gray. 
 
 76. Psephis tantilla, Gld. Otia. Subgenus of Vmus : animal ovoviviparous. Teeth 
 
 elongate, approaching Poc^ycfejnia. SmaU, with purple spot. 12-20 fin. c. Cp. 
 
 126 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OK THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 cn 
 
 I i . 
 78. 
 79. 
 80. 
 81. 
 82. 
 
 .<;3. 
 
 84. 
 85. 
 8(5. 
 87. 
 87 
 87 
 SS. 
 89. 
 90. 
 91. 
 92. 
 9?. 
 94. 
 95. 
 
 Psephis Lordi . . , 
 
 salmonea . . . 
 
 tellimyalis . 
 
 Venus Kennerleyi . 
 Chione succincta . 
 
 excavata . 
 simillima . 
 fluctifrasra . 
 
 Tape."? tenerrima .... 
 
 laciniata 
 
 staminea 
 
 b. var. Petitii .... 
 
 c. var. ruderata . . 
 
 , Saxidonius aratus .... 
 
 Nuttallii 
 
 , squalidus 
 
 , brevi.siphonatu3 
 
 . Riipellaria lamellifera 
 , Petricola carditoides 
 
 Chama exoinTa 
 
 , pellucida 
 
 Nntt. Jew. j B. A, 
 
 BD 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 DC 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 BD 
 BD 
 
 B 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 B 
 
 D 
 F 
 
 M 
 MB 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 C 
 F 
 M 
 F 
 C 
 
 C 
 O 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 Smiths. Ins. 
 
 Ken. 
 
 Lor.!. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 — 
 
 P V 
 
 V 
 
 I 
 
 DI 
 
 11 
 
 p 
 
 — 
 
 V 
 
 D 
 
 L 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 
 F 
 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 FD 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 FD 
 
 VPOM 
 
 p 
 
 V 
 
 ^ 
 
 FM 
 
 F 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 FD 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 FD 
 
 VPOF 
 
 p 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 F 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 M 
 
 LII 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 MD 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 FMD 
 
 77. Psephis Lordi, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863. Teeth nomal : pure white. 20-40 fm. c. Cp. 
 
 78. Psephis sabnmiea, n. s. Very small, rounded, teeth elongate : salmon-coloured, 
 
 30-40 fm. r. Cp. 
 
 79. Psephis tellimyalis, n. 8. Shape of Tellimya : central tooth minute ; outsido 
 
 teeth long. 
 
 80. Venhs Kennerleyi, Rve. Large, transverse, flattened, ashy : strong cone. ribs. 
 
 Young like astartea, Midd. (not Jliictitata, Gld.). 
 
 81. Chione sticcincta,Yal.= Califomiensis,Brod. = XutfaIli,Conr. Cone, ribs smooth. 
 
 82. Chi^me e.rcavata, Cpr. P. Z, S. 1856, p. 216. Scarcely ditibrs from canctlluta. 
 
 Possibly exotic. 
 
 83. Chione simillima, Sbv. Finely sculptured each way. 
 
 84. Chionejliicfifraffa, Shj. -\-callosa. Shy. hike Stutchburyi: swollen, irregular. 
 
 85. Tajief tenerrima, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 200, (jun.)= V. rigida, Gld. pars, f. 538. 
 
 Verj' large, thin, flat ; long pointed sinus. 
 
 86. Tapes laciniata, n. s. Large, swollen, brittle, ashen ; sculpture pectinated. 
 
 87. Tapes staminea, Conr. Strong, shape of decmsata ; sculpture clo.se ; yellowish. 
 
 Var. diversa. Shy. ^mundidits, live, ilore swollen, clouded with chocolate. 
 Var. Petitii, Desh. =rif/ida, Gld. pars. Dead white, sculpture stronger faint, 
 open or close. 2 ft. deep in mud, between tides, Lord. Var. tumida, Sby. 
 A ery swollen. Var. orbella, rounded, globose. Var. ruderata, Desh. Con- 
 centric sculpture laminated. 
 
 88. Saridotnus aratm, Gld. Otia. Verv large, oval, with regular concentric ridges. 
 
 89. Saxidomus Ntdtallii, Conr. auct. Transverse, subquadrate, iiTegularly grooved. 
 
 90. Saxidomus squalidus, Desh. Large, variable outline, broader, scarcely sculp- 
 
 tured. 
 
 01. Saxidomus hremsiphotiatus, n. 8. Smaller, Cff/fe/rt-shaped ; close, faint concen- 
 tric lines over distant waves ; mantle-bend very small. 
 
 Family Petricolidce. 
 
 92. Rupcllaria lamellifera, Conr.^ Cordieri, Desh. With large concentric laminso. 
 No radiations. 
 
 03. Petricola carditoides, Conr. -f- Ca/j/brwiVa, Conr.+cylindracea, Desh. +arcKnta, 
 
 Desli.-|-/7)'66fl, Midd. Of various aspects, like Sojicava. Normally shaped 
 like Cypricardia, with fine sculpture like Naranio. 
 
 Family Chamidte. 
 
 04. Chama exngyra, Conr. Keversed ; texture opaque ; rudely frilled. 
 
 05. Chama pellucida, Shj. Dexti'al, texture porcellauous, rosy j closelv frilled. S.A, 
 1803. ^127 
 
&i2 
 
 EipottT— 18G3. 
 
 
 JfHtt 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smitha. Ina. 
 
 Ken. 
 
 Lor.l. 
 
 Swan.l Cooiier 
 
 Wi, L'haiiiii spinosa 
 
 OB 
 t$ 
 
 D 
 
 P 
 D 
 D 
 
 B/». 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 OC 
 P 
 
 c 
 p 
 
 VPOF 
 D 
 
 H 
 D 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 Y 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 ?D 1 
 F 
 D 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 IJ 
 i) 
 
 I 
 
 PC 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 MDI 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 DI 
 
 <'( . Cardiuni corbis 
 
 !*8. qiiadrafrenarium .... 
 
 {>9. var. blandiim 
 
 UH). var. eentitilosHin .... 
 
 Id. riemieardium bianirulatura 
 1(>2. Serriiies Grcenlandicus. . . . 
 
 l();i. Liiocardiuin elatiim 
 
 104. substriatuni 
 
 10.5. Astarte compaeta 
 
 10(). Esqiiimalti 
 
 107. fluctuata 
 
 1"8. Miodon prolongatus 
 
 109. Veuericardia borealis .... 
 1()9 5. ia)-_ ventricosa . . . . 
 
 110. Lazaria subqiiadrata 
 
 111. Lucina Nuttallii 
 
 112. Califoi-nica 
 
 11.3. bella 
 
 114. tenuisc'ulpta 
 
 9G. 
 
 Cliama spitiusa, Sby. Ridges broken into close short spines. Maz. Cat. no. 12-. 
 
 Family Cardiada. 
 Cardium corbis, Mart. ^i\''MttrtW+ Californianum, Conr. Large, earthen , ratlier 
 
 nodulous ; posterior margin strongly indented V' 2 first ribs. Asia. 8-15 fin. 
 
 LyaU. Jun. in stomach of starfish, 12 fm. Lord. 
 Curdlum quadra ffenariuin, ConT.=luteolabrum {=xanthocheilum), Gld. Very 
 
 large ; 40 ribs, wnth aculeate spines. 
 Cardium var. hlaudum, Gld. Otia. Delicate form of the Asiatic pseiuhfosxih, 
 
 'Rye. =: Call fiirniense, De^h. Transverse; close, flat ribs; margin regulai". 
 
 8-15 fm. Lyall. 
 . Cardium var. centijilosum. Probably=morflp»^M»n, Ad. & Rve. ; hut roimclrr, 
 
 ribs sharper and more distant. Belongs to subg. Fulvia, Gray. 30—10 fni. Cp. 
 Hcmirardnim hiarigulatum, Sby. Southern fauna. 10-20 fm. living. Cp. 
 Serripes Grwnlandicu.^ Chem. auct. Boreal. Rounder than S. Laperousii. 
 Liomrdium ehtum, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 124. Gulf fauna. Very large, Cp. 
 Liocardium suhstriatum, Conr.=cr>umtatum, Gld. Almost identical with the 
 
 Peruvian Eletwnse. 
 
 Family Astartidce. 
 
 Astarte compacta, n. s. Like compressa, hut closer ; dorsal margins straight, 
 at right angles. 
 , Astarte Esqiiimalti, Baird, P. Z. S. 180-3, p. 70. Subtrigonal ; ribs irregular. 
 , ? Astarte fluctuata, n. a. Very close to Owia/jV,jim. of Coralline Crag. 2 right v. 
 .30-40 fm. Cp. 
 Miodon prolongatus, n. g., n. s. Outside Lucinoid ; hinge and scars nearer to 
 Venericardia. Congeneric with .4 •frtr<<' orbicularis,^ . Sby. Min. Conch, pi. 444. 
 f. 2, .3 (non ejusdem, pi. 520. f 2). G. Oolite ; and with the Crag Cardita corbi*. 
 Venericardia borealis, Conr. N. Atlantic, from Miocene. ] 20 fiu. Cat. Is. Cp. 
 h. Venericardia var. ventricosa, Gld. Small, swollen. -30-40 fm. Cp. 
 , Lazaria 8ubqttadrata,a. a. Hinge oi Lazaria: outside like Cardita varieffata, jun. 
 
 Family Lucinida. 
 n 1. Lucina Nuttallii, Conr. Hani. Like muricata, with more delicate sculpture. 
 112. Lucina Californica, Conr. Dosinoid, with waved lunule. J\in.? = L.Arte7nidis, 
 
 P. Z. S. 185(5, p. 201. 
 11.3. Lucina bella, Conr. Shell not known ; maybe =pectinata, Maz. Cat. no. 142. 
 114. Lucina tennisndpta. n. s. Like Mazatlanica, Cat. no. 144, more convex, with 
 
 liner sculpture. 4 fm. living, Cp, The island vai*. is intermediate. 120 fiu, 
 
 dead, Cp, jgg 
 
 97. 
 
 99. 
 
 100, 
 
 101. 
 102, 
 103, 
 104, 
 
 105. 
 
 106 
 107, 
 
 lOB, 
 
 109. 
 109 
 110, 
 
ON MOM,rsC.\ OF THE WEST COAST OF VDRrn .AAIFRICA. 
 
 r.43 
 
 
 Nutt. Jew. 
 
 1 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smiths. In^ 
 
 Kt-n. 
 
 lonl. Swan.' Cooper. 
 
 115. I.ucina bnroalis 
 
 116. Cryptodon flexuosus 
 
 1 17. serricatus 
 
 118. Diplodnnta orbella 
 
 1 19. Kellia Laperou.sii 
 
 1196. var. Chironii . . . . 
 
 120. rotundata 
 
 121. suborbicularis 
 
 122. I,a*ea rubra 
 
 123. Pytliina rugifera 
 
 124. Lepton meroeum 
 
 125. Tellimya tumida 
 
 12(5. Pristes oblonjrus 
 
 127. Mvtilus Califomianus. . . . 
 
 128. —^~- edulis 
 
 B 
 
 MD 
 C 
 
 ?C 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 M 
 B 
 B 
 
 c 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 
 F 
 F 
 C 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 D 
 M 
 
 M 
 H 
 
 PFC 
 PC 
 
 FH 
 
 VH 
 M 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 I 
 I 
 I? 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 DI 
 
 I 
 
 D 
 I) 
 D 
 FDI 
 F 
 
 DI 
 D 
 M 
 
 D 
 
 12H6. var. plomeratus . . 
 
 129. Septifer bifurcatus 
 
 l.'W. Modiola rapax 
 
 1-31. modiolus 
 
 1 :12. fomicata 
 
 133. recta 
 
 
 115. Lucvia horealis, Linn, axxci. ■^acuHUneata, Conr. Widely diffused, from Coral- 
 
 line Crag. Philippines, teste Cuminfr. 30-120 fm. Cp. 
 
 116. Cii/pfndon /lexuo^is,}ilont. SLiict. Atlantic, circumpolar. Cat. Ls. 120 fm. Q*. 
 
 117. Cn/pfndon seriicatm, n. s. Small, circular, flat ; epidermis silken. ? Cat. Is. 
 
 Cp. 120 fm. 
 
 Family DiplodontidcB. 
 
 118. Diplodonta orbella, Gld. Otia.=(J/ysi"a) SphcerelJa tumida, Conr. 
 
 Family KclUadff. 
 
 119. Kellta Lnperousil, Desh. Woodw. Typically large, stronsr, transverse. 
 119 6. Kfllia \nx. Chironii. Thinner, l»iss tranjiverse, margins roimded. 
 
 120. KrIUa rotundata, n. s. Larger, flatter, and less peaily than suborbicularia. 
 
 Margin circular. 
 
 121. Kvllia suborUcidnris, Mont. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 153. N. Atlantic : W. Mexico. 
 
 Exactly accords with British sp. 30-40 fm. Cp. 
 
 122. i.7st'a rM6rrt, Mont. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 154. N.Atlantic: W.Mexico. Exactly 
 
 accords with British .«p. 
 
 123. Put/tin I rugifera, n. s. Large, thin, slightly indented ; teeth minute ; epidermis 
 
 shaggy. 
 
 124. Lvpfun meroeum, n. s. Small, fhaped like Sunaptfi. 
 
 125. TeUimya tumida, n. s. Between hidentata and xuhxtrinta : ossicle minute. 
 12(3. Priates ohlontpis, n. g., n. s. Like Tellimya, with long marginal teeth, serrated 
 
 neai' hinge. 
 
 Family Mytiltdo'. 
 
 1 27. Mfitilm Californiamts, Conr. 9 in. long : stained with sienna : obsoletely ribbed. 
 
 128. Mytilus edidis, Linn. auct.=<rossM//«, Gld. Abundant on whole coast, with the 
 
 usual .* tlantic vars. Between tide-marks, Lord : also brown var. on float- 
 ing stick. 
 1 28 6. Mytilus ? var. yfomeratus, Gld. Otia. Short, stumpy, solid, crowded. 
 
 129. Septifer bifurcatus, Rve. Outsitde like Mytilui h. Conr. from Sandw. Is. 
 
 130. Modiola capax, Conr. Maz. Cat. no. 170. From Southern fauna. ■ ' 
 
 131. Modiola modiolus, \j\rai. SMct. Circumboreal. 8-15 fm. jun. Zyfl//. 
 
 132. Modioln fomicata, n. s. Short, swollen, like large M. marmorata ; but smooth, 
 
 not crenated. 
 
 133. Modioln recta, Conr. 6 in. long, thin, narrow, rhomboidal. Chafl-like hairs 
 
 over glossy epideiuiis. 
 
 9 129 -:v-. 
 
644 
 
 REPORT 18C3. 
 
 VVib. Mo.ii()1a var. flabt-llata 
 
 I'U. Adiila falcata 
 
 1.J5. stvlina 
 
 l;}t). Lithopfeagus plumula. . 
 
 137. attenuatiis 
 
 138. Modiolaria Isevij^ata . . 
 1.39. marmorata 
 
 140. Crenella decussata . . . . 
 
 141. Area multicostata .... 
 
 142. Barbatia gradata 
 
 14-3. A.vinsea intermedia 
 
 144. var. subobsoleta . . 
 
 145. Nucula tenuis 
 
 146. Acila castrensis . . 
 
 147. Leda caelata 
 
 148. ciineata 
 
 140. niinuta 
 
 150. fossa 
 
 151. hamata 
 
 Nutt. Jew. I B. A. 
 
 M 
 
 B 
 
 V 
 M 
 
 Smiths. In . 
 
 VP 
 
 FM 
 
 OF.M 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 D 
 
 ODI 
 
 Krn. Lord. Swan. 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 Coopt r. 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 MDI 
 
 I 
 MD 
 MDI 
 
 BI 
 
 133 6. 3fodiola vex.Jlahellata, Gld. Northern form, somewhat broader. 
 
 134. Adida falcita, Gld. Otia. Subgenus enlarged to include species intermediata 
 between Modiola and Lithophagus : shape of latter, byssiferous like foiiaer, 
 nestling in crypta. Sp. = GrMMm, Phil. MS. Shape not always falcate: 
 chestnut, rugose. 
 
 1.35. Adula stylina, n. s. Shorter, broader ; epidermis brown, glossy. 
 
 13(1 Lithophagus plumula, Hani. Maz. Cat. no. 175. From Soutliern fauna. 
 
 137. Lithophagus attetiuatiis, J)>ish. Maz. Cat. no. 173. From Southern fauna. 
 
 138. Modiolaria Icevigata, Gray. Exactly accords with Atlantic specimens. Cir- 
 
 cumboreal. 
 
 139. Modiolaria marmorata, Fbs. & Hani. Exactly accords with Atlantic speci- 
 
 mens. Circumboreal. 
 
 140. Crenella decussata, Mont. Exactly accords with Atlantic specimens. Cu'cum- 
 
 boreal. 10-40 tm. not r. Cp. 
 
 Family Arcada. 
 
 141. Area multieostata, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 181. | ^^ a j.-, p 
 
 142. Barbatia gradata, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 194. ( ^""""^ Southern fauna. 
 
 143. A.iin<ea intermedia, Brod. = liarharemis, Conr. fossil. Closely accords with 
 the Peruvian specimens. 40-60 fm. Cp. 
 
 AriufPa (? septentrionalis, Midd. var.) subobsoleta. Sculpture much fainter than 
 in Midd.'8 fig. 
 
 144. 
 
 Family Nuculidee, 
 
 145. Nucula tenuis, Mont. auct. Agrees with var. lucida, Gld. Circumboreal. 
 
 146. Acila castrensis, Hds. Suifh.-\- Lgalli, Baird. Subg. of Nucidn with divari- 
 
 cate sculpture ; onlv known in Crag and N. Pacific. 40-00 fui. Cp. 
 
 147. Leda cmlata, Hds. Sulph. Swollen, strongly sculptured : teeth veiy numerous. 
 
 10-60 fm. Cp. 
 
 148. Leda cuneata, Sby. D'Orb. teste Hani. (Scarcely differs from commutata, Phil. 
 
 in Mus. Cxxm.) = inornata, A. Ad. Chili. 0-60 fm. Cp. 
 
 149. Leda minuta, O. Fabr. teste Hani. Circumboreal, Agrees with Norwegian 
 
 specimens of " caudata, Don." teste M' Andr. 
 
 150. Leda fossa, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 71. Between minuta and pemula. Sculp- 
 
 ture nearly obsolete. 
 
 151. Leda hamata, n. s. Like Steenstrvpi and pernuhides, but very hooked, sculp- 
 
 ture strong. 20-60 £m. c. Cp, 
 
 130 
 
ox MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OP NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 645 
 
 
 NuU. Jew. 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smithi. Int. 
 
 Ken. 
 
 Loni. 
 
 .S«an. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 152. Yoldia lanceolata 
 
 ^__ 
 
 _ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 P 
 
 ^.. 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 153. anivgdala 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^. 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 154. Verticoriia ornata 
 
 
 
 ^_ 
 
 ._— 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 BI 
 
 1 55. Bn-ophila setosa 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 H 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 ?C 
 
 150. Lima orientalis 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 __ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MDI 
 
 157. Limatula subaiiriculata . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,_ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DI 
 
 158. Pecten hastatus 
 
 
 
 B 
 
 P 
 
 ^^ 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 M 
 
 159. ?iw. Ilindsii 
 
 ^ 
 
 — 
 
 P 
 
 .^^ 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 100. var. aequisiilcatus . . 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 BD 
 
 101. paucico.otatus 
 
 102. rvar. latiauritus .... 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 I 
 
 BD 
 
 D 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 ._ 
 
 —^ 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 1026. monotimeris 
 
 BD 
 
 D 
 
 c 
 
 DL 
 
 ... 
 
 ._ 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 1<>}. Amusium caurinum .... 
 
 — 
 
 Cjn. 
 
 
 
 VO 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 104. .lanira dentata 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 
 Pil 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 MD 
 D 
 
 105. Hinnites prifranteus 
 
 100. Ostrea lurida 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 VPO 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 F 
 
 
 152. Yoldia lanceolata, J. Sby. Hani. = arctica, Brod. & Sby. (Not Adratta I., Lam. 
 
 G. Sby.) With ant. diajronal lines. 
 163. Yoldia amyffdala, var. teste Hani. Like lanceolata, without posterior wing, 
 
 and anterior sculpture. 
 
 Family ? Trigoniada. 
 
 154. Verticordia ornata, 'D'OTh. = novfmcostata, Xdi.k^ve, Samarang. Exactly 
 
 accords with Chinese types. S. A. 20-40 fm. Cp. 
 
 Family Avicididte. 
 
 155. Bryophila setom, n. g.,n. s., Ann. X. H. 1804, p. 10. Like minute, broad Pinna. 
 
 Animal ovoviviparous. Sta Barbara, 20 fm. Cp. 
 
 Family Pectinidee. 
 150. Lima orientali.%, Ad. & Eve., Samaran^r, in Mus. Cum. = dehiscens, Conr. fos.«il, 
 teste Cp. ^'ery close to voung of L. hians, var. tenera. Beach to 20 fm. c. Cp. 
 
 157. Limatida sid>aiiiivvlata, Mont. Fbs. & Hani. Circumboreal. Fossil in Crag. 
 
 Islands, 40-120 fm. not r. ; S. Diego, 1 valve, 4 fm. Cp. 
 
 158. Pecten hastati(s,^hy. = hericetis,(}\d. Elongated; a few principal ribs serrated : 
 
 ears unequal. In var. rubidm, Hds. (non Mart.), the ribs aie equal, not 
 serrated. 
 
 159. Pecten (?var.) Hindsii. Broader; ribs close, small, smooth, bifurcating. 
 
 Passes from hastatvs towards Islandiatx. 
 
 100. Pecten eequistdcattis, ? n. s. Thinner and flatter than ventricosus, with narrower 
 
 ribs. 
 
 101. Pecten paucicostattts, ? n. s. Somewhat resembling veiy young caurinus ; but 
 
 ribs fewer, stronger. 
 
 102. Pecten latiauritus, Conr. (pars). Ribs sharply defined, with sharp concentric 
 
 laminae. Possibly an extreme form of 
 \^2b. Pecten tnonotifneris, Conr. = tunica, Fhil. -\-latiai(rittis, Conr. pars. Passes into 
 Amusium. Very slanting, tliin, with faint ribs. 
 
 103. Amusium caurinum, Gld. E. E. Large, flat, thin, very inequivalve. Var. = 
 
 Yessoensis, Jay. Japan. 
 IG4. Jaiiira dentata, Shy. = ea:cavata,\&\.\en. hike media. From the Gulf fauna. 
 
 Beach-20 fm. Cp. 
 
 Family Spondylidee. 
 .Sjo. Hinnites giganteus, Gray, Analvst. = Pouhoni, Com-. Very large, Spondyloid : 
 
 ligament as in Pedum, strongly adherent along the ears. 
 
 66. 
 
 Ostrea lurida, n. 8. 
 stains. 2-3 fm. 
 
 Family Ostreidte. 
 
 Shape of edidis : texture dull, Imid, olivaceous, with purple 
 on mud flats, Lord. 
 
 131 
 
646 
 
 REPORT 1 863. 
 
 Nutt. 
 
 Jew. B. A. ' Smitha. lua. Km. i^vti. 
 
 [ 1 
 
 &Muu.| Cooj>fr. 
 
 \<M\h. Ostiea v(ir. laticaudata . . — 
 
 \{-(\c. I'tir. rufnides — 
 
 1<«k/. rar. expansa > — 
 
 M)7. conchaphila .. [ma 1) 
 
 MW. Placunanonuamacrnschis- — 
 JtiJt. Anoiuia lanipe — 
 
 170. Cavolinn telenius i — 
 
 171. J^iilla nebulosa ! B 
 
 !72. Quo^^ — 
 
 1 73. Ilaniinea liydatis ' — 
 
 1 74. resiciila — 
 
 1 75. virescens ' — 
 
 D 
 ?B 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 OC 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 I 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 L 
 
 VF 
 L 
 
 DL 
 
 L 
 
 ?P 
 
 D 
 I 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 F 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 F 
 D 
 I 
 
 DI 
 D 
 
 D 
 BD 
 
 D 
 MI 
 
 — Philinid ' — 
 
 p 1 
 
 170. Tornatella punctocfflata. . — 
 1 77. Tomatina culcitella .... — 
 
 lijGb.Odrea var. laticaiidnta, Nutt. MS. Piirple, winfred, waved: denticles near 
 
 hinpe. Passes towaria pahntila, Maz. tat. no. 214, h. 
 IGGc.OMrea ? var. rufoides=rufa, Old. (non Lam.). Passin<^ towards llrijinica, jun. 
 
 Thin, with umbos hollowed ; reddish in scar-region. Also fossil. 
 IGGd.Oifrea ?var. expama. Flat, affixed to whole surface, like Columhiemis. 
 
 Round, or win<red to left, or rijjht, or both ike Malleus. Also passes into 
 1G7. Osttea conchaphila, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 214. Irom Southern fauna. 
 
 Family Anomrida. 
 
 168. Ffaattianomia mact-ogchisma, Desh. Kamtschatka. Yars.s alope-\-cepio, Gray. 
 
 Shape most variable, according to station. Sculpture often obsolete. Oa 
 rock, between tides, Lord. 
 
 169. Anomia lanipe, Gray, Maz. Cat. no. 219. From Southern fauna. 
 
 Class PTEROPODA. Family HyaJmda. 
 
 170. Cavolinatelemiis,\Axm. = Hyalteatridentata,Yorsk. non luOXd. Pelagic. 30-00 
 
 fill, dead, Cp. 
 [Other Pteropods were brought by the Brit. N. P. Boundary Survey, but may 
 have been collected on the voyage : v. p. 607.] 
 
 Class GASTEROPODA. 
 
 Subclass Opisthobranchhta. Order Tectibhanchiata. 
 
 Family Bidlidee. 
 
 171. Bulla ncbtdosa, Gld. Otia. Large, globular, thin. Maz. Cat. no. 225-|-var. 
 
 fulminosa, Cp. 
 
 172. Bid'a Quoyi, Gray. Small: angular at umbilicus. Maz. Cat. no. 226. Pacific. 
 17;J. Haminea hydatis, Linn. aact. Exactly accords with European specimens. 
 
 174. Haminea vesicida, Gld. Otia. Smaller, paler, and thinner. 
 
 175. Haminea virescens, Sby. Gen. \&v. = cymhiformis, Maz. Cat. no. 229. 
 
 Family ? PhUtnideP. 
 Two species not yet dissected : one with internal shell like Phanerophthabnus, 
 
 Family Tamatellida. 
 
 176. Tornatella prmctoccelata, n. s. Small : grooved with rows of dots : pillar twisted 
 
 as in BitUtna, Add. non Gray. 
 
 Family Cylichnidte. 
 
 177. Tornatina etdcitella, Gld. Otia. Large, brownish, with &ijit striae. Fold close 
 
 to paries. 
 
 132 
 
ON MOLI.rSCA OP THE WKST Cr>AST OP NORTH AMKRIC.V. 
 
 617 
 
 
 Nutt. 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B. A. j Smith*. In*. 
 
 Ken. i Loril. 
 
 .,w..... 
 
 Coofirr. 
 A*. 
 
 1776.Tornatina cerealis 
 
 178. eximia 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 1 
 _ 1 
 
 D 
 
 P 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 DL 
 L 
 
 7 '"^i.:: 
 
 179. carinata 
 
 1^0. Cylichna i'rylindracea . . 
 
 ISOJ. v<ir. attonsa 
 
 181. nianata 
 
 1m2. mculta 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 .•IDI 
 
 18.3. Volvula cylindrica 
 
 184. Neaplyaia'Califomica .... 
 
 185. Navarchus inermis 
 
 18(>. PleurophyllideaCalifomic. 
 
 187. Doris sanjruinea 
 
 188. alabastrina 
 
 189. albopunrtata 
 
 I'.IO. Sanaii'ijensis 
 
 191. Monterevensis 
 
 192. Triopa Catalinae 
 
 193. Tritonia Palnieri 
 
 1 94. Dendronotus iris 
 
 19."). .Kolis Barbarensi.^ 
 
 19(). IMiidiana iodinea 
 
 197. Flabellina opalescens .... 
 
 198. Chiorjera leonina 
 
 11*9. Melainpus olivaceus .... 
 
 -'00. Pedipes liratns 
 
 201. Siphonaria Thersites 
 
 D 
 DI 
 D 
 1)1 
 D 
 BI 
 DI 
 
 FMI 
 I 
 D 
 B 
 B 
 BD 
 
 BDI 
 B 
 DI 
 D 
 
 177 b.Toniatina ccrprt/t«, Gld, Otia, Small, white, smooth: but probably = worn 
 
 young cidcitella. 
 173. Tornatitia eximia, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 67. Size moderate : fold appiessed : 
 
 subrectangular. 
 179. Tornatina carituita, Maz. Cat. no. 223. 
 
 lO. Cjflichna ?cylindracea, Linn. auct. Intermediate specimens, passing intj 
 'lf>Ob.Cj,'tichna var. attonsa, rounded off at apex. 
 
 1 "^l. Cylichtia planata, n. s. Like mamillata, with apex flattened-ofl", and fold distinct. 
 182. Cylichna inculta, Gld. Otia. 
 \6i. Vulcula cylindrica, n. s. Like grain of rice, pointed at one end. 
 
 Family Aplystadrc. 
 1*^4. Kenphjuia Californica, Cp. Proc. Cal. Ac. 15 inches long. 
 l&t>. Navarchus inermis, Cp. Proc. Cal. Ac. Grasses, on shore, Cp. 
 
 Family IHeiiruphyUidiadce. 
 186. Pleurophyllidea Californica, Cp. Proc. Cal. Ac. Sandy flats, Cp. 
 
 Order NumBHANCHiAXA. 
 137-198. All thenewNudibranchs are described in the Proc. CaL Ac Vule onto), 
 p. 609. Vide also Gld.'s Otia, and Each. Zool. Atlas. 
 
 Subclass PULMONATA. 
 
 For land and freshwater species, both of Pulmonates, Rostrifers, and BiraifM, 
 vide posted, paragraphs 115-119. 
 
 Family Anrtcididee. 
 109. Mrlampus olivaceus, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 235. .i 
 
 JJOJ. I'edipes liraius, Binn. Proc. Ac. N. S. PhU. 1801, p. 333. 
 
 Family Siphonariada. 
 201. Siphonaria TliersiteSj n. a. Like lata alia: with stiong lung-rib and obsolete 
 scuJptui'e, 
 
 133 
 
CIS 
 
 REPORT — 18C3. 
 
 
 Nutt. 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smiths. Ins. Ken. ■ Lord. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 2^2. Dentalium v. Indianorum 
 208. reetius 
 
 204. semipolitmu 
 
 205. hexapronum 
 
 2(Xi. Cryptochiton Stelleri 
 
 207. Katuerina tunicata 
 
 208. Tonicia lineata 
 
 M 
 M 
 
 c 
 
 F 
 
 P 
 
 oc 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 p 
 c 
 
 p 
 
 PM 
 
 FMI 
 
 OF 
 PFM 
 
 
 OFMI 
 
 F 
 
 F 
 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 ? 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 MI 
 
 D 
 D 
 I 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 209. submarmorea 
 
 210. Mopalia muscosa 
 
 211. Wosnessenskii .... 
 
 212. Kennerleyi 
 
 2126. var. Swanii 
 
 218. Hindsii 
 
 214. Simpsonii 
 
 215. vespertina 
 
 216. liomosa 
 
 217. acuta 
 
 218. sinuata 
 
 219. imporcata 
 
 Subclass Pbosobhanchiata. 
 
 Order Lateribbanchiata. 
 
 Like entalis, "with very 
 
 Family Dentaliades. 
 
 202. Dentalium (? prett'omm, Nutt. Shy. var.) Indianorum. 
 
 fine posterior striae. 20 fm. c. Cp. 
 
 203. Dentalium reetius, n. s. Lonj;, thin, sliprhtly curved : like ehumeum, Sinjrapore. 
 
 204. Dentalium semipolitum, Br. & Sby. ? = hyalinum, Phil, not Maz. Cat. no. 245. 
 
 From Southern fauna. 
 
 205. Dentalium hejcagonum, Sby. From Southern faima. 
 
 Oi'der ScuTiBBANCHiATA. Family Chitonidts. 
 
 206. Cryptochiton St eUeri,^lidi. Verylar^re: valves hidden. Reaches Sta Cruz, Q>. 
 
 207. Katherina tunicata, Sby. = Douylasice, Gray. Mantle smooth, black : valves 
 
 partly concealed. Between tide-marks, Lord. Beaches Farallone Is. Cp. 
 
 208. Tonicia li7ieata. Wood. Closely resembling /w^o/a/a, Peru. Painting variable. 
 
 209. Tonicia submarmorea, Midd. Perhaps =/me«<a, var. without lines. 
 
 210. Mopalia muscosa, Gld. E. E.= C ornatus, Nutt. {=armatus, Jay) -\-consimilis, 
 
 Nutt. Highly sculptured: mantle crowded with strong hairs. Between 
 tide-marks, Lord. 
 
 211. 3Iojmlia Wosnessenskii, Midd. Mantle slit behind, with few hairs. Sculp- 
 
 ture like muscosa. 
 
 212. Mopalia Kennerleyi, n. s. = Grayi, antea, p. 603, nom. preoc. Sculpture fainter : 
 
 olive with red : ridge angular ; post, valve waved. 
 2\2b.Mopalia Kennerleyi, var. Swanii: red, ridge arched; less sculptured. 
 
 213. Mopalia Hindsii, Gray. Olive : distinctly shagreened : flat : post, valve waved. 
 
 214. Mopalia Simpsonii, Gray, in B.M. Col. Like Hindsii, with valves beaked. 
 
 215. Mopalia vespertina, Gld. E. E. Shape of Hindsii, with very faint sculpture and 
 
 sliglit wave. Olive clouded with orown. 
 
 216. Mopalia lignosa, Gld. E. E. = Merckii, Midd. = Monterey ensis, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, 
 
 p. 231. Like vespertina, without wave : brown in streaks. 
 
 217. Mopalia acuta, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 232. Subgeneric, abeiTant form ; with 
 
 small blunt plate, instead of post, sinus, between the two principal lobes. 
 
 218. ? Mopalia sinuata, n. s. Small, raised sharp back, red and blue, engine-turned ; 
 
 post, valve deeply notched. 
 
 219. ? Mopalia imporcata, n. s. Pale : central areas ribbed : post, valve slightly 
 
 notched. Indications of sutural pores in these two species, if couMvmed, will 
 require a new genus. 
 
0\ MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF XOKTH AMERICA. 
 
 CiO 
 
 NiittJ Jew. ' B. A. Smiths. Ins.' Ken. 
 
 Lord. Swan. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 220. Acanthnpleura scabia .... 
 
 221. Huxa 
 
 M 
 M 
 
 
 C 
 L 
 C 
 
 C 
 P 
 P 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 FI 
 
 LM 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 7 
 
 M 
 M 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 I 
 
 ii 
 
 I 
 
 T 
 I 
 
 D 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 D 
 
 222. Isclinoehiton Ma<rdalensi8 
 22-'{. vei-fdeiitieus 
 
 224. Lepidopleunis refrularis . . 
 
 225. scabricostntus 
 
 22G. pectiuatus 
 
 227. Meitensii 
 
 228. Trachvdennoti retiporosus 
 
 229. interstinctus 
 
 2;X). trifidus 
 
 2;11. dentiens 
 
 231 b. pseudodenticns . . 
 
 2.'52. Gotliieus 
 
 '2:iS. Ilartwefjii 
 
 2;M. Nuttallii 
 
 235. Hectens 
 
 
 220. 
 221. 
 222. 
 
 223. 
 
 224. 
 
 225. 
 
 226. 
 227. 
 228. 
 
 229. 
 230. 
 231. 
 231 
 
 232. 
 233. 
 234. 
 235, 
 
 Acanthopleura seahrn, live. = CaUfoniiciis, Nutt. Insertion-plates resemble 
 
 Katheriiia. ^'aives with coiir.<e V-shaped ribs, and projectin;.' bealcs. 
 Acanthopleurn Jlu.va . n. s. Green, mottled with orange-red ; not beaked ; with 
 
 only maririnal and diajronal ribs. 
 Ischnochiton Magddlnisis lids. Large, strong-valved, typical. Sculpture much 
 fainter than in soutliern shells. Mantle-margin with striated scales like 
 flattened bristles. Side plates 2- or 3-lobed. Beach-20 fin. Cp. 
 I chnitchiton vercdciUietiii, n. s. Margin similar. Small, arched, sculpture! 
 like Mirfensii, but with 2 rows of bosses, one of which dentates the sulures. 
 10-20 fm. Cp. 
 L(pi(htpl('uru>> rff/ulan's, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 232. Subgenus ni Ischnochifon : 
 mant'e-scales Lophyroid, generally striated. Sp. arched, green, shagreened. 
 Side lobes 2-4 : eaves spongy, not projecting. 
 Lepidaph-urus svabrirosfattis, n. s. Small, arched, orange : rows of prominent 
 granules over sliagreened surface. Lobei blunt, slightly rugulose, close to 
 eaves. 8-20 fm. Cp. 
 . L<pi('«pleunifipirfiiiafu<, n. s. Olive: strong sculpture over shagreened jurface: 
 side areas riobed : outer margin ai;d inner sutures pectinated. Bch. Cp. 
 Leiiidopleurus Mirteimi, Midd. lied : highly sculptured over smooth surface : 
 side areas with rows of bosses. Mantle-scales smooth, rounded. 
 , Trachydennon rcfiparosiis, n. s. Sah^erms oi Ischnochitoti : mantle-scales very 
 small, close, smooth. Sp. like scrobiadatus, central pattern in network, 3-6 
 side ribs. 
 Trachi/dennon interstiuctus, Gld. E.E. Centre minutely punctured : C-8 blunt 
 
 side ribs. 
 Trachj/dcnuon frifidus, n. s. Centre-punctures few, deep : 2-4 blunt ribs : side 
 plates with 2 slits. 
 , ITnichi/dertnoH rfr;/^(V'«s, Gld. E.E. No shell known answering to diagnosis and 
 
 figure.] The 4 following species have incisors blunt, eaves not projecting. 
 b. Trachydennon psn(d(identicii!i=^ty\w specimen of dvufietis. False appearance of 
 teeth due to colour or ridges of growth. Closely granular : areas indistinct. 
 Sinus broad, squared : eaves spongy. 
 Trachydennon Got'iicits, n. s. JJlunt parallel riblets along ver^' arched back. 
 Siitural lobes united at sinus : eaves not spongy. 8-20 fm. Cp. 
 . Trachydermon IlattHegii, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 231. Large, arched. Insidtj 
 callous, without rows of pimctures to slits : eaves spongy. 
 Tiachyda-mon Xuttallii, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 231. Large, plain, flat. Incisors 
 .slightly rugulose : eaves spongy. 
 . Trachydennon iiectens, n. s. Mantle-margin scarcely granular. Rosy, very 
 small, scarcely sculptured: valves beaked and waved as in M. Simpwnii'. 
 eaves and incieoi's uoimal, .. 
 
 135 
 
CoO 
 
 RCPOKT— 18Co. 
 
 
 Nutt. 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. 
 
 1 1 
 
 ywan. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 236. Leptorhiton nexus 
 
 237. Acanthoeliites avicula . . 
 
 2:^.8. Nacella instabilis 
 
 289. incessa 
 
 C 
 C 
 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 C 
 B 
 C 
 C 
 C 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 P 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 C 
 
 C i 
 
 c 
 
 PC 
 
 D 
 
 YFM 
 
 VFM 
 
 I 
 
 VF 
 Dili 
 FDII 
 
 FMIL 
 VPF 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 MD 
 
 I 
 D 
 
 M 
 
 FMBI 
 
 F.MIJI 
 
 M 
 
 Fimi 
 
 MDI 
 
 MHD 
 
 MD 
 
 MliDI 
 
 MI 
 
 M 
 
 240. subspiialis 
 
 211. depicta 
 
 242. paleacea 
 
 242 b. var. triangularis . . 
 
 243. Acmsea patina 
 
 244. pelta 
 
 244 6. var. Asmi 
 
 245. persona 
 
 240. scabra 
 
 247. spectnim 
 
 248. rosacea 
 
 249. Lottia gigantea 
 
 250. Scurria mitra 
 
 2506. ?var. funiculata . . 
 
 230. Leptochiton ne.rus, n. s. Like aselhts : scarcely sculptured : mantle-nia-gin witli 
 striated chaffv scales, like Magdalensis, interspersed with transparent needles. 
 20-80 fni. Cp. 
 
 237. Acnnthochites avicula, n. s. Like arragonites, but valves sculptured in large 
 
 snake-skin pattern. 8-20 fm. r. Cp, 
 
 Family ratellid(P, 
 
 238. KaceVa insfahilis, Gld. E E. Laige : shape of rompressa. 
 
 239. Nacella inccssa, lids. Sulphur. Small : Ancyloid. 
 
 240. ?Xucella sidiipiralis, n. s. Shaped like Emaryinula rosea, and mav be a SriiUl' 
 
 Una. 10-20 fm. Cp. 
 
 241. Nacella depicta, lids. Sulphur. Small, long, flat, smooth : colour in rays. 
 
 242. Karelin paleacea, Gld. < )tia. Narrower, brown, striated at each end. 
 
 2426. Nacella ?var. triangularis. Shorter: apex raised: scua-cely stiiated : wbitisl?j 
 with brown spots. 
 
 Family AcmmdcB. (For synonyms, r. Reports in loci?.') 
 
 243. Acmeea patina, Esch. Large, blackish or tessellated : with very fine distant 
 
 striae. Between tides. Lord. 
 
 244. Acm<ea pelia, Esch. Mo/e conical ; border narrow ; smooth, with blunt ribs 
 
 often obsolete. Between tides, Lord. 
 244 6. Acmeea ?var. Asmi, Midd. Stout, small, black, conical. Probably an ab- 
 normal growth o( pelta, jun. (1 sp. beginning on pelfa) Cp. 
 
 245. Acmeea persona, Esch. Smaller : apex posterior : colour blotched or freckled : 
 
 sculpture in irregular ribs. Maz. Cat. no. 200. ^'a^. umhonatu, arclied, with 
 narrow distant ribs. Var. digitalis, ape.v near margin. Var. textilis, apex far 
 from marurin, approaching pelfn. 
 
 246. Acmeea scabra, ^utt. Rve. Ou; le with close rows of fine arrinules ; orange- 
 
 red tint, glossy. Var. limatula, sculpture stronger, boi_,. black: peihaps= 
 Maz. Cat. no. 2G5. 
 
 247. Acmeea spectrum, Nutt. Rve. Flattened, with very strong ribs, incgiilar. 
 
 248. Acmeea (?pileolus, Midd. var.) rosacea. Pink, small : like Ilerm specimens of 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 249. Lottia giganten, Gray. Genus reconstituted : mantle with papiUiB interrupted 
 
 in front. ' Shell large, flat, dark, lustrous (= Teclurella gramlis, Smiths. Inst. 
 Check List). 
 
 250. Scurria viitra, Esch. Papillre all round the mantle. White, conical : young 
 
 sometimes faintly sculptured. In dead clam, 12 fm. Lord. 
 2506. Scurria fvar. f^jiiculuta, Y< ith ro'.ind"d riblets. somewhat aoduloua. 
 
 136 
 
ON MOLLTJSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 C^.l 
 
 :>utt. 
 
 .Tew. 1 15. A. 
 
 1 
 
 Sn.lths. Ins.! Ken. 
 
 1 
 
 Lord. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 1 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 251. 1,6] eta ciBfoides 
 
 2o2. Gadinia (Rowellia) .... 
 
 ■-'•■».3. Fissurella volcano 
 
 -54. GlvDhis asucra 
 
 M 
 
 ?H 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 M 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 
 BD 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 OC 
 C 
 C 
 P 
 P 
 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 
 
 
 I 
 I 
 P 
 
 ^ 
 
 FDIL 
 DIL 
 D 
 D 
 FI 
 D 
 L 
 M 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 ?v 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 I 
 
 DI 
 
 Ti 
 
 -M 
 
 r 
 
 MI 
 
 MDI 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 DI 
 
 MDI 
 
 DI 
 
 MB 
 
 •_'5o. deusickthrata .... 
 
 -'50. I.ucapina crenulata 
 
 257. I'unctiirella eucuUata .... 
 
 258. praleata 
 
 2.";9. Coopcri 
 
 2(10. Ilaliotis Craclierodii .... 
 
 2ii2. coiTupita 
 
 2r);}. rufesceu.s 
 
 204. Kamtschatkana .... 
 
 205. Phasianella compta 
 
 200. Poniaulax undnsus 
 
 207. Pachypoma gibberosum . . 
 
 251. Lrpeta cerrokhs, ?n. s. Like cceca, but apex turned back. FaraUone L'-t 
 
 teste R. D. Darbishire. 
 
 Family Gadiniadee. 
 
 252. Rowellia, sp. Genus proposed by Cooper : tentacles flattened, pertinated. Cat. 
 
 It;. Cp. Far. Is. Row. 
 
 Family Fissurellida. 
 
 253. I'isstinlla roIcano,^ye. = ornafa,^utt. Approaches Pert/r«"</»fl : hole vari.able. 
 
 254. Glyphis aspera, Each. =Lincolin, Gray =cratitia, Gld. Large, coarsely sculp- 
 
 tured, with colour-rays. 
 
 255. Glyphis densielathrati, Rve. Smaller : with closer, finer sculpture. 
 250. Litcapina n-enulnta, Shy. Tank. Very large : internal. 
 
 257. Pundurelln eucuUata, Gld. E.E. Large, with strong, variable ribs, 15-40. 
 
 Hole simple. 
 25^. PanctureUu yakata, Gld. E.E. Scarcely differs from noac/iinn, but tripartite 
 
 process more strongly marked. 
 259. PunctureUa Cuoperi, n. s. Outside like galeata, but without props to the 
 
 lamina. 30-120 I'm. not r. Cp. 
 
 Family Haliottda. 
 
 230. Ilaliotis Craclierodii, Leach, auct. The trade species, smooth, dai-k olive : holes 
 
 5-9. Var. (Mifnrniensia, holes 9, 10, 11. 
 2QI. Ilaliotis i^plendens, live. Hatter, grooved, lustrous. Holes 4-7. Below tide: 
 
 on rocks, Q). 
 
 202. Htdiotis corruqata. Gray. Large, arched, very rough, 
 
 tide : on rocks, Cp. 
 
 203. Hnliotis rufesceiis, Swains. Large, flatter, waved, rich orange-red. 
 
 .3-5. Below tide : on rocks, Cp. 
 
 204. Ilaliotis Kamtschatkana, .fouas. Small, thin, arched, waved. Holes 4, 6k 
 
 Below tide : on rocks, Far. Is. Cp. 
 
 Holes 3-5. Below 
 Holes 
 
 205. 
 
 200. 
 207. 
 
 Family Trothidee. 
 Phfw'ntwlla compta, Gld. Otia. Maz. Cat. no. 284. Like^»<//i«, a little longer 
 
 and flatter; out operc. bevelled and striated. ?\ax. pkHotJiv, exactly liko 
 
 Ilerm shells : ? var. e/afior. dwarfed, longer and flatter : var. jinnctutata, with 
 
 close rows of dots ; pilar chinked. 8-20 fm. Cp. 
 Pamaidiuc undosus, Wood, ^'ery large : operculum with 2 ridgt -i. 
 Pachypoma yihhero*nm, Chem. ?=iHtequale, Mart. Large, rough : operc. 
 
 swollen, simple. (Dtad.) 
 
 137 
 
652 
 
 REPOET— 1803. 
 
 j Nutt. 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B. A. [ :Sniith8. Ins. 
 
 Ken. j Lord. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 2()8. ? Impeiator serratiis .... 
 260. Leptoiiyx sanguineus .... 
 •>70. bacula 
 
 M 
 M 
 
 C 
 li 
 M 
 M 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 B 
 B 
 M 
 C 
 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 
 OFMI 
 
 FI 
 
 L 
 FMDI 
 
 L 
 D 
 M 
 VFMI 
 M 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 MI 
 MI 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 MI 
 1) 
 D 
 
 DI 
 
 MD 
 
 DI 
 M 
 D 
 
 I 
 
 DI 
 M 
 
 . .' 1. Liotia fenestrata 
 
 272. aciitico3tata 
 
 27.1. Ethalia supravallata .... 
 
 27;{ b. var. invallata .... 
 
 274. I^ivona picoides 
 
 27-). Trochi.«cus Norrisii 
 
 276. convexu.s 
 
 277. Chlorostoma funebrale . . 
 2776. var. subapertum .... 
 
 278. frallina 
 
 279. brunneuni 
 
 280. I'feifleri 
 
 281. aureotinctum 
 
 282. Omphalius fuscesoens .... 
 
 283. Cal iostoma canaliculatum 
 
 284. costatuni 
 
 285. annulatnm 
 
 286. variegatum 
 
 268. 
 
 269. 
 
 270. 
 
 271. 
 272. 
 
 273. 
 
 276. 
 277. 
 
 ? Imperator gerratus, n. s. Small, finely sculptured, base stellate, nucleus Plan- 
 
 orboid : operc. Hat, with more whirls. 10-20 fni. = 266 or 207 jun. teste Cp. 
 Leptonj/x saiif/uineiiK. Linn. n.<i. Like Col/oiiia, not unibilicate. Op'n'c. ■with 
 
 horny and .shelly layers, many wliirls, outside fiatti.sh, not ribbed, niaryiu 
 
 broad. Species red or purole, lirate. Bch.-20 fin. Cp. 
 Leptonyx bacuUt. n. s. Small, asliy, llelicina-shaped, nearly smooth. Boh. 
 
 d. Cp. Genus=//oH)«A</)o;;)«. p. 537 : nom. preoc. 
 Liotia feneMrata, n. s. Small. Stronfrly ribbed each way. Bch.-40 fin. d. C/). 
 Liotia acuticoiitata, n. s. Small. Sharply keeled, without radiating sculptur«i. 
 
 10-20 fm. Cp. 
 Ethalia supravallafa, n. s. Minute : ■with keel and furrow near suture. 
 2736. Ethalia 'r yar. invallata. Without keel. 
 
 274. Lii-ona picuides, Gld. f )tia. Probably the remnant of an ancient colony of pica, 
 
 275. Trochiscus Korriim, Sljy. Tank. Nucleus as in Solarium : perhaps a Probosci- 
 difer, though pearly. 
 
 Trochii<cus convexus, n. s. Small, subturrited, whirls swollen : umbilicus with 
 
 2 ribs, the outer crenated. 
 Chlorostoma funebrale. A. Ad. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 316=viarginatum, Nutt. non 
 
 Rve. Blackish, often puckered near suture. 
 277 6. Chlorostoma funebrale, var. subapertum, with umbilical pit. 
 
 278. Chlorostoma gaUinn, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 271. Olive, dashed with pui-ple. 
 
 Var. pyriformis, Gld., umbilicus partly or wholly open. 
 
 279. Cldorostoma brwmcum,V\\\\. Auburn: finely striate : Gibbuloid aspect. The 
 
 young (teste Cp.) has a basal rib. 
 .280. Chlorostoma Pfei£'eri, Phil. Like brunneum'. outside Ziziphinoid: umbilicus 
 keeled. 
 
 281. Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Yh?.. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 271 =^nigerrimum, Gmel. ? Mus. 
 
 Cum. Gibbuloid : with distant gi'ooves and line sculpture ; mouth orange- 
 spotted. 
 
 282. Oinphalins fuscescens, Phil. Almost identical with ligtihtus, Maz. Cat. no. 29-3. 
 28.3. Culliostoma canaliculatum, ^lart. =doliarium. Large, with strong grooves. 
 
 284. Calliosfoma costatum, Mart. ==/?/<)SMm, &c. Sm Her, swollen, i-eddish ; finely 
 
 ribbed. 8-15 fin. Lyall. 
 
 285. CaUiostoma anrndutum, Mart.s=rtr(7«n«w». Large, granular, stained Avith violet. 
 
 286. CaUiostoma varieyatum, n. s. Sinall, more conical, nodules more distant, white 
 
 on rosy ground. 
 
 ^° 138 
 
ON MOIXUSCA OF THE WEST CO.\ST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 G33 
 
 ! 
 
 Nutt ! Jew. 
 
 1 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smiths. Ids. 
 
 Ken. 1 Lord. Swan. 
 
 Cooper. , 
 
 28". Calliojitoina supragranosiim 
 2.'^8. gemmnlatum 
 
 289. splendens 
 
 290. Phorcus puliigo 
 
 291. Gibbula parcipicta 
 
 292. optabilis 
 
 29.'{. funiculata 
 
 294. succincta 
 
 295. lacunata 
 
 
 BA 
 
 M 
 
 p 
 
 FI 
 FIH 
 
 vol 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 1 
 
 D 
 D 
 MI 
 M 
 
 I 
 D 
 
 T 
 
 I 
 
 MI 
 MI 
 
 29(5. Soluriella peraninbilis. . . . 
 
 297. Margarita cidaris 
 
 298. -punilla 
 
 2986. t*/-. iJalmonea . . . . 
 
 299. acuticostata 
 
 300. inflata 
 
 301. lirulata 
 
 302. hVahlii 
 
 303. tenuisculpta 
 
 304. heliciiia 
 
 
 
 
 
 287. 
 
 Calliostoma supragranumm, n. s. Swollen, with shaip ribs ; posterior 1-4 
 
 granular. 
 Catlioitoma aemmitlatinn, n. s. Very swollen : painted like eximium : with 2 
 
 principal and 2 smaller rows of gmnules. 
 Culliosioma splendens, n. s. Omnge-chestnut, with fleshy nacre ; small, rather 
 
 flattened, base glossy. 6-40 tm. Cp. 
 Phorcus pulliijo, Mart.+wj«c«</o«iM, A. Ad. =:euryomphalus, Jon&s-\-mnrci(Ii(s, 
 Gld. (Subgenus of Gibbuli, with expanded, rounded umbilicus, and Hut 
 whirls ; sometimes obsoletely ribbed. 
 Gibbula parcipicta, n. 8. Like strong growth of Mai g. lirulata, var. 
 292. Gibbula optabilis, n. s. Wider : decussated between ribs : 2 spiral lines insida 
 umbilicus. 
 
 Shaped like Montagui: with rounded spiral riblets. 
 Small, scarcely sculptured, with spiral brown pen- 
 
 288. 
 289. 
 290. 
 
 291. 
 
 293. 
 294 
 
 Gibbula funiculata, n. s. 
 Gibbula succincta, n. s. 
 cillings. 
 
 295. Gibbula lacunata, n. s. Very small, nearly smooth ; umbilicus hemmed-in bj 
 
 swelling of columella. 
 
 296. Solnriella peramnbilis, n. s. Subgenus of Margarita, with open, crenated um- 
 
 bilicus. Species most ornate, with delicate sculpture. Umbilicus with 1 
 internal spiral lines, crossed by lirulse : operculum sculptured. Like Mi/ioli^ 
 aspecta, A. Ad. 40-120 fm. living, Cp. 
 
 297. Margarita cidaris, A. Ad. n. s. Large, knobby, like thin Turcica, with sinifla 
 
 pillar and small umbilicus. 
 
 298. Margarita pupilla, Gld. E.E.=cn/os/omrt, A. Ad. Strong, with sharp ribs, dts- 
 
 cussated between, and fleshy nacre. 8-15 fm. Lyall. 
 298 b. Margarita ? var. sahnonea. Between jmpiUa and undulata : salmon-tin:ed, 
 sculpture fine, not decussated : sutures not waved. 6-40 fm. Cp. 
 
 299. Margarita acuticostata, n. s. Small, painting clouded: 3 sharp ribs on epiie. 
 
 8-20 fm. Cp. 
 
 800. Margarita inflata, n. s. Thin, whirls very swollen ; sculpture very fine ; spial 
 hollow inside keeled umbilicus. 
 
 SOI. Margarita lirulata, n. s. Small : operc. smooth : 2 sharp principal riblets on 
 spire : outline variable. Var. sttbelerata, raised, livid : var. obsolefn, sculp- 
 ture evanescent : ':' var. cornea, very tall, with intercalary ribs, like G. parctm 
 picta. 
 Margarita Vahlii, Miill. Raised, smooth : operc. with spiral rib. 
 
 302, 
 303, 
 
 Margarita temtisnifpfa, ? n. s. Like obsoleta, but operc. ribbed 
 
 304. Maryarita heliciitu, Mout. 
 
 Like the Fiuioai'k ahelld. 
 139 
 
 Qii'cuiuborcal. 
 
/Jfid 
 
 KrPORT— 15C3. 
 
 1 1 Nutt. 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B. A. jfSmitlis. Ins.' K.'n. 
 
 Lord. 
 
 
 1 
 
 Cooptr. 
 
 30o. Ciuribiiluni spinofsum. . . . 
 
 'WC. Crt-pidiilii aculeata 
 
 307. dorsata 
 
 M 
 C 
 
 B 
 
 M 
 
 C 
 
 B 
 
 D 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 ?B 
 
 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 c 
 p 
 
 oc 
 
 
 
 c 
 p 
 
 M 
 P 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 
 IHL 
 
 P 
 C 
 01 
 
 D 
 C 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 J)I 
 
 MD 
 
 1 
 
 MDT 
 
 1)1 
 
 1 
 
 MDI 
 
 P.MI 
 
 1 
 MDT 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 ii08. e.\ca\ ata, var 
 
 309. adunca 
 
 310. ruirosa 
 
 311. navitelloides 
 
 311 6. tar. nummaria .... 
 
 312. Galenis fasti^riatus 
 
 31.3. contortu^^ 
 
 314. Ilipponvx cranioides .... 
 
 315. antiquatus 
 
 316. serratus 
 
 317. tumons 
 
 318. Sei-pulorhis squaniigerus . . 
 
 319. Bivonia compacta ..[pma 
 
 320. Petixlocouchusi niacrophra- 
 
 321. Spiroglyphus lituella .... 
 
 Order Pectinibbanchiata. 
 
 Suborder Rostrifeba. 
 
 305. 
 30G. 
 
 807. 
 
 308. 
 309. 
 
 810. 
 311. 
 
 812. 
 313. 
 
 314. 
 315. 
 310. 
 317. 
 
 ai8. 
 
 319. 
 S'.V. 
 321. 
 
 Family Cali/ptraida. 
 
 Cructhidum spinomnn, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 344. From Southern fauna. 
 Crepiihih aculeata, Gmel. Maz. Cat. na 334. From Southern fauna. Round 
 
 the world. 
 Crcpiffula ?dnrxafa, Brod., var. lingidata, Old. E.E.=var. hihhma, Maz. Cat. 
 
 no. 3.'3G=6'. bilohata, Kve. Appears identical with the S. American shells. 
 Crepidida excavata, Brod. Maz. Cat. no. .337. S. American. 
 Crejndula adunca, Sby. Tank.=«o/eWa, \\i9.=rostrifornm, Gld. E.E. Dark 
 
 liver, roufrh epidermis, solid deck with produced sides. [Not uncafn, Mke.= 
 
 ro'itrata, C. B. Ad., lixe.^aditnca, Maz. Cat. no. 338. J iietween tides, Lurd; 
 
 10 fm. Cp. 
 Crc!)idida ruf/osa, Nutt. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 224. Probably northern var. oi (w/yx, 
 
 Sby. Maz. Cat. .340, with epidermis less shatrjry. 
 Cnpidida naviceUoides, Nutt. Shape of sqiuima, v 'i nucleus o? unt/wfornh's 
 
 (Maz. Cat. no. 342). Rounded var. in hollow \vei=m'.mtnan'u, Gld. 
 
 Var. drawn out in layers like Lessonn=:finibn'afa, live. ^'ar. elonoratid in 
 
 crypts, scooped by crab or bivalve=ejyj/a/!fl<a, G\i.^=exunata, ^utt.=per- 
 
 forans, Val. 
 Galcrui fanfit/infm, Gld. E.E. Like mami/laris, nucleus large, immersed. 
 
 Large, in 8-15 fm. Lyall. 
 Gnlerm contortus, n. s. Whirls twisted : nucleus minute, prominent. 20—10 
 
 fin. Cp. 
 
 Family CapuUdee. 
 
 Hipponyx cranioides, n. s. Large, rough, flat, intermediate between planatus and 
 Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Maz. Cat. no. 347. From Southern fauna. 
 Hipponyx serratm, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 346. From Southern fauna. 
 Hipponyx tumens, n. 8. Growth like Hvlcion : sculptui'e more open than 
 barbatus. 
 
 Family Vermetidee. 
 
 Si-rptdorbis squamiyents, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 226 (not Aletes). Large, scaly. 
 
 Venn, anellum, Morch, 1 . Z. S. 1861, p. 359, is perhaps the young. 
 Bivonia compacta, n. s. Entirely open within : but colour and growth lik« 
 
 ""at. no. 359. i'iOiU Southi tiauna. 
 p. i-oi, 
 
 140 
 
 I'etalocnnrhus marrophrayma. Cpr. Mnz. Ca 
 S^ifojJyphuii lituella, Muich, P. Z. S. leOl, 
 
ON MOLLrSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 bbb 
 
 322. Caecum crebricinctum. 
 
 .323. Conperi 
 
 .324. Turritflla ("ooperi ... 
 
 .32.5. Jewettii 
 
 32G. Mesalia lacteola 
 
 320 6. var. siihplanata 
 
 327. tenuisculpta . . . 
 
 •328. reritbidea snoiata . . . 
 
 329. Bittium tilosiiiu 
 
 320 i. ?r«r. esuriens . 
 
 3.3'). attenuatum 
 
 3;U. qiiadrifilatum . . . 
 
 332. asperuni 
 
 3.33. arniilbitum 
 
 •3.34. fa>tis:iatum 
 
 •3.35. Litorina jdanaxis 
 
 330. Sitchana 
 
 Nutt 
 
 MB 
 
 Jew. 
 
 Bfs. - 
 
 C 
 B 
 
 — 'B/«. 
 B fs. 
 
 b 
 
 c c 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smiths. Inn. 
 
 Ken. 
 
 Lord. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 MDI 1 
 BI 
 
 — 
 
 D ?/os. 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 DI 
 
 c 
 p 
 
 CF 
 P 
 
 M 
 D 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 D 
 FD 
 
 MD 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 DI 
 D 
 
 MDI 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 FBI 
 PO 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 Family Caeides, 
 
 Cercttm crebriclnrfum, n. s. Larere, with aspect oi Elephanfuhnn, but very fine 
 close annular sculpture ; plu^ subun;>-ulate. 8-20 fin. C'/>. 
 323. Ccecum Cooperi, n. s. Small, with 30—40 sharp narrow rin^-i 
 
 822. 
 
 Family Turritellidee. 
 
 324. Turritella Cooperi, n. a. Extremely slender, with many narrow whirls, c. P;>, 
 
 32.J. Turrifel/a Jewettii, n. s. Like sanguinea, with very faint sculpture. 
 
 320. Blesalia lacteola, !' n. s. May be a local var. of the circumpolar lactea, with 
 
 altered sculpture : distinct, teste Cuminnr. 
 32(5 b. Mcsalia ?var. subplanafa. Sculpture fainter : whirls flattened. 
 327. Me-vi/ia tenuisculpta, n. s. Veiy small, slender, whirls rounded, lip waved. 
 
 tjh 1-water, Cp. 
 
 Family Cerithiada. 
 
 823. Cerithidea sacraf a, Old. T!..F,.= Californicn, ISutt.-^pidfafa, GM. Variable in 
 shape and sculpture : pa-^ses into MazatJanica, Maz. Cat. no. 395. 
 
 829. * liittmm JilosHm, Gld. ij.E. = Eschrichtii, Midd. Strong, broad, grooved. 
 
 3296. Bittium ? var. esuriens. Like starved Ji/osum, very narrow, adult scarcely 
 .sculptured. 
 
 330. Bittium attenuatum, n. a. Like plicatum, A. Ad., or drawn-out esuriens, with 
 
 threads instead of grooves. 
 
 331. *Bittium quadrijilatum, n. s. Broad : 4 threads, equal from beginning, coiling 
 
 over strong radiating ribs. 
 8-32. *Bittium asperum, n. s. Same aspect : upper whirls with 2 strong and 2 faint 
 
 keels over less prominent ribs. Bch.-40 fm. Cp. 
 313. * 'litfiiim armiUatum, n. s. Same aspect : 3 nearly equal rows of knobs. 
 334. Bittium fadiyiatum, n. s. Small, slender : apex normal : sutures indented, 
 
 anterior rib strong. 
 
 Family Litorinidee. 
 
 835. Litorina planaxis, ^\xti. V\n\.^patula, Gld. E.E. Outside plain j columella 
 scooped. 
 
 330. Litorina Sitchana, F]ii\.=sulcafa, G\i.=rudis, Coop. Rounded, flat, with spiral 
 ribs. Var. modesta, Phil, (pars) has sculpture faint: subtenebrosa, Midd., is 
 perhaps a degraded var. Rocks between tides, Lord; 8-10 fm. Lyall [?], 
 
 * These species have so peculiar a nucleus that they can scarcely rank near Ceri- 
 thiHiti 111 Kiitsoa: perhaps they are related to Aiaba. T le nucleus oi esurivrus and 
 attenuatum ha.s not been seen. 
 
 141 
 
656 
 
 BEroRT — 1863. 
 
 
 Nuttj Jew. 1 
 
 1 
 
 B.A.i 
 
 Smiths. Ir.s.K(-n. Loni. swan. 
 
 Cdoiier. 1 
 
 3.37, Litorina scutulata 
 
 338. ? Assiminea subrotundata 
 .339. ? Paludinella 
 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 PF 
 
 P 
 
 B 
 
 POIMI 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 DI 
 
 I) 
 
 II 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 MDI 
 
 in 
 
 DI 
 
 MBDI 
 
 MI 
 
 D 
 
 M 
 
 DI 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 340. Lacuna vincta 
 
 341. porrecta 
 
 342. solidula 
 
 342 b. var, compacta .... 
 
 343. variepata 
 
 344. unitasciata 
 
 345. Isapis fenestrata 
 
 346. obtusa 
 
 347. Rissoina interfossa 
 
 348. Rissoa compacta 
 
 349. acutelirata 
 
 .350. Alvania reticulata 
 
 351. filosa 
 
 3.52. Fenella punoidea 
 
 .'i53. Barleeia suDtenuis 
 
 353 b. ?var. riniata 
 
 354. haliotiphila 
 
 355. Amphithalaraus inclusus 
 
 337. 
 
 3-39. 
 340. 
 
 Litorina scutulata, Old. ¥,.¥.. -\-lepida, Gld. Xnr.^plcna, Old. Small, solid, 
 
 pointed, flattened, smoothish. Rocks between ticles, Ijord. 
 ? Assiminea subrotundata, n. s. Like a very thin Litorina : ashen, plain. 
 ? Paludinella, sp. May be an aberrant A^sitiiiiiea. 
 Lacuna vincta, Mont. auct. Circunibnreal. 
 
 341. Lacuna porrecta, n. s. 
 j41 6. Lacuna ?var. effusa. 
 
 Upper whirls flattened, effuse anteriorly; chink large. 
 _ I^ar^er, taller, more swollen. 
 
 341 c. Lacuna ?var. exrrquata, same shape but flattened. 
 
 342. Lacuna solidula, Y,ov.:=carinata, Gld., not A. XA.= Vodelia striata, Gabb. 
 
 Solid, variable, chink small ; sometimes keeled or ang-ular. 
 
 342 b. Lacuna ?var. compacta. Very small, narrow, oi-ange, scarcely chinked. 
 
 343. Lacuna varicgata, n. s. Very tall, e'fuse, irregular with wide chink : clouded 
 
 or with zigzag stripes : like decorata, A. Ad. 
 2-14. Lacuna unifasciata, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 205. Small, glossy, generally with 
 
 a coloured keel, sometimes broken into dots. Var. aurantiaca, keel obsolete, 
 
 resembling the chinked Phasianell<e. 8-10 fm. Cp. 
 345. Isapis fenestrata, n. s. Like oroidea, with shai"p distant ribs. 
 340. Isapis obtusa, n. a. Whirls flattened behind : ribs swollen, uneven. 10-20 
 
 fm. Cp. 
 
 Family Rissoida. 
 
 347. Rissoina interfossa, n. s. With 5 sharp keels crossing 14 strong ribs. 8-10 fm. 
 
 348. Rissoa compacta, n. s. Sculptured like Beanii, \vitn short broad whirls. 
 
 349. Rissoa acutelirata, n. a. Alvanoid : 15 sharp, distant, spiral riblets, travelling 
 
 over 18 sharp distant ribs, obsolete in front. 
 
 350. Alvania reticulata, n. a. Open network : radiating threads travelling oyex 12 
 
 stronger distant spiral threads. 
 361. Alvania JUosa, n. s. Turrited : pillar purple-stained : 18 close spiral struCi 
 
 passing over very faint waved riblets. 
 352. Fenella pupoidea, n. a. Variegated, truncatelloid shape. 20 fm. rare, Cp. 
 863. Barleeia subtenuis, n. s.^^Hydrobia ?ulv(e, Maz. Cat. no. 417 ; but with normal 
 
 Barleeoid operculum. On grass, Cp. 
 353 b. Barleeia ?var. rimata. Whirls more swollen : base chinked. 
 354. Barleeia haliotiphila, n. s. Longer, narrower, much smaller. On H. splendent. 
 366. Amphithalamus inclusus, n. g., n. s. Habit of minute Nematura ; labrum not 
 
 contracted, but labium in adult travels forward to meet it, leaving a chamber 
 
 behind. Isucleus cancellated : base bluntly ribbed. 
 
 142 
 
ON MOLLCSCA OP THE WEST COAST OP NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 6r,7 
 
 Nutt Jew. |B. A. 
 
 Smiths. Ins. 
 
 Ken. ' Lord. 8wan. 
 
 1 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 .'••>(). PAmphithalamus lacunatus 
 
 ^_^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 __ 
 
 .^ 
 
 D 
 
 ;*o7. Truncat^Ua Califomica . . 
 
 ._ 
 
 ... 
 
 ^_ 
 
 —m 
 
 ..,_ 
 
 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 '.)'>•*. JetFreysia Alderi 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 •".•')9. translucens 
 
 
 
 
 
 -« 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 :«jO. Cithna albida 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 •■{<>l. Diala marmorea .... 
 
 ^_ 
 
 
 
 ....^— 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 iMD 
 
 :k)2. acuta 
 
 __ 
 
 
 
 ._ • 
 
 ^_ 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 ..... 
 
 MI 
 
 .'{0:5. Stvliferina turrita 
 
 ^_ 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 ^_ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 U 
 
 .'{ti4. Iladius variabilis 
 
 
 
 ?B 
 
 _ 1 
 
 ^_ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 305. Luponia spadicea 
 
 — 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 DI 
 
 3()<». Trivia Califomica 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 L 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DI 
 
 •S .7. Solandri 
 
 ^_ 
 
 
 
 _— 
 
 L 
 
 _^ 
 
 __ 
 
 ... 
 
 I 
 
 .'.08. Erato vitellina 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 L 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 DI 
 MUI 
 
 .•509. columbella 
 
 .570. Myurella simplex 
 
 .'571. Drillia inermis 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 
 — 
 
 —^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 c 
 
 — 
 
 p 
 
 — 
 
 V 
 
 BDI 
 
 .'i72. inci.sa 
 
 Hl'-i. moesta 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 M 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 M 
 D 
 
 ;J74. torosa 
 
 ;i746. ?var. aurantia 
 
 S56. 
 
 358. 
 359. 
 80J. 
 
 tTd. 
 30:J. 
 
 ? Amphithalamm lacutiatus, n. 8. Same nucleus; base chinked, not keeled. 
 (Adult not found.) 
 
 Family TruncateUidce, 
 Tnmcatella Califomica, Pfr. Pneum. Viv. Suppl. vol. ii. p. 7. 
 
 Family Jfffreysiada. 
 Jeffrci/^ia Alderi, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 420. 
 
 Jeffrei/.fia transhictns, n. s. Possibly a Barleeia : pillar thickened, base rounded. 
 Cithna albida, n. s. Very close to C. tumetis, Maz. Cat. no. 421, but umbilicus 
 anjrled, not keeled. 
 
 Family Planaxida. 
 Diala marmorea, n. s. Solid, glossv, clouded with red : hase faintly ano^led. 
 Dia'a acuta, n. s. Base flattened, sliarply auf^led : turrited. Bch.-lO fm. Cp, 
 Styliferina turrita, n. s. Minute, slender, base rounded. 
 
 304. 
 
 .^505. 
 ,'50' i. 
 307. 
 
 308. 
 309. 
 
 370. 
 
 Probably exotic. 
 
 Family OculidfP.. 
 Hadim variabilis, 0. B. Ad. Maz. Cat. no. 435. 
 
 Family Cyprmdee. 
 Luponia spadicea. Gray. Like otiyx, but lifrht-coloured. 
 Trivia Califomica, Gray. Small : ribs .^haro, distant. 
 Ti ivia Soliindri, Gray. Maz. Cat. no. 441. From Southern fauna. Sta. Barb. 
 
 and St. Nich. Is. common, Cp. 
 Erato vitellina, lids. Sulph. Large, wide-mouthed : paries callous. 
 Erato columbella, Mke.=/< !<cop^fpa, Gld. Maz. Cat. p. 537. Perhaps a var. of 
 
 Mauyera, from the tropics. 20—40 fm. c. Cp. 
 
 Suborder Toxifera. Family Terehridee. 
 
 Myurella simplex, n. s. Sculpture verv faint and vaiiable : shape of albocincta, 
 c. Cp. 
 
 Family Pleurotomid<e. 
 
 371. Drillia inermis, Hds. Sulph. Early whirls close sculptiired. Beach-16 fm. 
 
 living. Cp. 
 
 372. Drillia inclm, n. s. Like inermis : spiral sculpture grooved, not raised. 
 
 37^5. Drillia mcexta, n. s. Like large luctuoaa : middle whirls with long transverse 
 
 ribs and posterior knobs ; adult obsolete. 
 374. Drillia torosa, n. s. Whirls rounder, olivaceous : with one row of strong bosses 
 
 throughout : no posterior knobs. 
 374 6. Drillia ?var. aurantia. Orange, with sutural rlblet and faint spiral sculpture. 
 1803. 1^3 
 
C58 
 
 REPORT 1S03. 
 
 1 — 
 
 1 
 
 Nutt 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B. A.| Smithx.Ina. 
 
 ' I 
 
 Ken. Lord. Swan. l'oo|ier. 
 
 375. Drillia penicillata 
 
 .'i76. lancellata 
 
 ;}77. Mangelia levidensis .... 
 
 378. tttbulata 
 
 379. interfo8«a 
 
 380. • crebrieostata 
 
 .'i81. variegata 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 c 
 
 L 
 
 ~ 
 
 M 
 
 D 
 L 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 — 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 ^• 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 M 
 
 ! 
 
 D 
 
 381 b. ?var. nitens 
 
 ."WQ anculata .......... 
 
 38,3. Btla fidicula 
 
 384. excunata 
 
 385. ? Daphnella aspera 
 
 380 ? filosa 
 
 :»7. ? effusa 
 
 388. Conns Californicus 
 
 389. Oljeliscus ?varie;i:atu8 .... 
 
 300. Odostoinia nuciformis .... 
 
 300 b. ?var. avellana 
 
 301. satura 
 
 301 b. ?mr. Gouldii 
 
 .S02. crravida 
 
 303 inflata 
 
 
 375. DrilUn pe^iicUlafn, n. s. Like inermis, with delirate 1irowni.*h penfillinjrs. 
 876. Driilia* canceUatu, ? n. s. Like the yoiintr of incisa, but nndoyily cancellated. 
 
 377. Mancfvlia levidensis, n. 8. Stumpy, purpash brown, with rouirh sculpture. 
 
 378. ManyeUa tnbulata, n. 8. Stout, stiouijly shouldered, coarsely cancellated. I'illar 
 
 abnormally twisted. 
 
 379. 3Ian{}elia inttrfossa, n. s. Like attenuata, delicately cnnccllated. 
 
 380. MangeUa crebrico<tata, n. s. Like st'ptangtilaris, with clo-iely set ribs. 
 
 381. Alangelia variegata, n. 8. Small, slender, thin, zoned with brown : 9 narrow 
 
 ribs, and strong spiral striae. 
 381 b. 3fangelia ?var. nitens. Glossy : spiral lines almost obsolete. 
 
 382. Mangdia angiilata, n. s. Shape of variegata, but brown, whlrl.s broad, angulan 
 
 383. Belajidicula, Gld. E.E. Verj- close to turriaila, var. 8-10 fm. Lgull. 
 .384. Btla exairvata, n. 8. Like Trevelliana : stumpy, Chrysalloid. 
 
 J^o. ?Dnphnellai aspera, n. s. Elongated, with coarse fenestration. 
 
 386. ?Daphnellai yilosa, n. 8. Small, diamond-shaped, but rounded penpheryj 
 
 spirally threaded. 
 
 387. ?Daphnella^ effusa, nom. prov. Thin, exti-emely dra\vn-out, sculpture faint. 
 
 Family Conidce. 
 
 388. ContM Californicus, Hds. SuIph.=rai-MS, Gld. 
 
 Chestnut, plain. 
 
 Suborder Phoboscidifeha. Family PyramidelUda. 
 
 880. Ooeliscus ?variegatus, n. s. From Gulf fauna. Periphery with spiral groove. 
 
 Colour-pattern clouded. 
 .390. Odosiomia nuciformis, n. a. Very large, solid, Tomatelloid. 
 .3906. Odostomia?vtir. avellana. Sh&yte of conoidalis. 
 
 .391. Odostomia satura, n. 8. Laige, with swollen whirls like Bithinia nmilis. 
 391 b. Odostomia ?var. Gouldii. Taller, base gently rounded. 
 .*^02. Odostomia gravida, Gid. Otia. I-ike connidalis, but nucleus minute. 
 393. Odostomia inflata, n. s. Like large doliolifonnis : with most minute spiral 
 
 striulation. Farallone Is. On JIal. rufescens, teste Darbishire. 
 
 • A peculiar ^up of species, resembling Clionella (marine, teste Stimpson.) 
 t Generic position of all these doubtful : perhaps they belong to genera not yet 
 eliminated : jUosa resembling the Eocene forms between Cotitu acd PUvri'toma, 
 
 144 
 
ON MOLLrsCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 659 
 
 .•'.'.>4. 
 
 •in.-). 
 
 *>7. 
 :VXH. 
 
 400. 
 
 40/;. 
 401. 
 
 401/;. 
 
 402. 
 
 40.'^. 
 
 40:^6, 
 
 404. 
 
 405. 
 
 40('). 
 
 4' 17. 
 
 408. 
 
 Odostomia straminea . . . 
 
 teniiisculpta 
 
 Chi-ysallida cincta 
 
 piiiuilp 
 
 Diinkfria laminata 
 
 Cht'iunitzia tridentata . 
 
 chocolata 
 
 vai: aiirantia 
 
 tcnuicula 
 
 ?iar. subcuspidata . 
 
 crebrifilata 
 
 torquata 
 
 ':'var. stylina 
 
 vir<ro 
 
 Eiilima micans 
 
 conipacta 
 
 rxitila 
 
 thersite.s 
 
 Nutt. 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B.A. 
 
 1 
 
 Smiths. Ins. 
 
 Ken. 
 
 Lord. 
 
 Sw»n. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 H 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 V 
 
 c 
 
 "~ 
 
 — 
 
 ^^ 
 
 , , 
 
 ~~~~ 
 
 
 ~~~ 
 
 I 
 1)1 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 P 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 
 MD 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 P 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 D 
 J) 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 
 1» 
 
 V 
 
 — 
 
 M 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 P 
 
 — 
 
 V 
 
 PI 
 13 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 M 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 394. 0- tfomia straminea, n. 8. Like tall Tar. of injlata, with straw-coloured epi- 
 
 dermis, not striulate. 
 
 395. Ododomia t«mmcHlpta,Ti. s. Like suhlindata, Maz. Cat. no. 487, with obsolete 
 
 sculpture throusrhout. 
 306. Cfiri/sallida cincta, n. s. Passing towards Mumiola. Kadiating sculpture very 
 faint. 
 
 397. ChrymUida pumila, n. s. Like ovtdum, Maz. Cat. no. 512, but slender; spiral 
 
 lines delicate. 
 
 398. Diinheria laminata, n. s. Subgenus of Chemni'zia, with rounded whirls : typical 
 
 species. Aspect of FeueUa, finely cancellated. 
 
 399. Chemnitzia tridentata, n. s. Larire, chestnut : 19-24 ribs, evanescent at peri- 
 
 Ehery : waved interspaces with 8-10 spiral grooves : labrum with 3 teeth, 
 idden as in OhtUscm : base round. 
 
 400. Chemnitzia chocolata, n. s. Same size and colour : not toothed : ba.se prolonged : 
 
 crowded ribs minutely striulate between. 
 400b.C/ifmnitzia ?var. aurantia. Intermediate between the above: orange, base 
 round ; 26 ribs, striul'^'te betwf;en. 
 
 401. Chemnitzia teiniicida, Gld. Otia. Shape of <nV/<?«/rt/a dwarfed : whirls flatter, 
 
 base prolonged, spiral grooving strong. 
 401 b. Chemnitzia ?var. suhcmpidata. Ribs more distant, miiricated at sutures. 
 4)2. Chemnitzia crebrijilata, n. s. Slender, whitish: with 8 spiral threads passing 
 
 over 24 ribs, evanescent round base. 
 403. Chemnitzia torquata, Gld. Otia= Vancourerensis, Gld. Eibs truncated before 
 
 periphery, leaving plain band above sutures. 
 Chemnitzia ?var. stylina. Like torquata, tapering, less swollen in front, with 
 
 more ribs, band less marked. 
 
 4036 
 
 404. Chemnitzia I'irffo, n. s. Very slender, with short, smooth base : 18 ribs, evanes- 
 
 cent at peripheiy, and 8 spiral grooves. 
 
 Family Etdimida. 
 
 405. Eulima micans, ? n. a. Perhaps a small var. of the European polUa. 30-40 fm. 
 
 living. Cp. 
 
 406. Etdiina compacta, ? n. 8. Small, with blunt spire and elongated base. 
 
 407. Eidima rutila, ? n. s. Leiostracoid, rosy, base lengthened. Like producta, 
 
 Maz. Cat. no. 551. 
 
 408. Eidima themites, n. s. Very broad, short, twisted. 
 
 10 im 
 
am 
 
 REPORT — 18G3. 
 
 
 Nutt 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smitha. Ini. 
 
 Ken. 
 
 Lord. 
 
 >■ wan. 
 
 CoupiT. 1 
 
 409. Scalaria Indianorum 
 
 4(«)6. Vvar. tintta 
 
 410. PCiiminjrii 
 
 410 J. pp-acilis 
 
 — 
 
 Bfs. 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 ■ 
 
 P 
 
 L 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 T) 1 
 1) 1 
 
 M 1 
 MI) 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
 MD 
 M 
 
 MD 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 411. siibforonata 
 
 412. crebrico.«itata 
 
 413. bflla-striata 
 
 414. Opalia bort'alis 
 
 415. ?iar. insculpta . . . . 
 
 4 10. sponfriosa 
 
 417. retiporosa 
 
 418. bullata 
 
 41J). Cerithiop*is tuberculata. . 
 420. coliimna 
 
 421. niunita 
 
 42.".. fortior 
 
 424. assimilata 
 
 425. Triforis Padversa 
 
 420. Cancellaria modesta 
 
 Family Scalnriadfp. 
 400. Scalaria Indianorum, ? n. s. Between Tiirtonis and commtniis : like " Geor- 
 
 ffettina, Kien. Mus. Cuui. no. 34, Brazil." 
 4096. Scalaria !-'var. tincta. Purple-brown behind : like regular is, without spiral 
 
 sculpture. 
 
 410. Scalaria ?Cumingii, Cpr. P.Z.S. 1856, p. 105, 
 4l0h.Scalaria ?(fracilis, Sby. in Mu.'<. Cum. 
 
 411. Scalaria suhcoronafa, n. s. Like young comwi/ww, with more and sharper ribs, 
 
 faintly coronated when adolescent. 
 
 412. Scalaria crebricostata, n. s. = Mus. Cum. no. 32 : 15 sharp reflexed ribs, coro- 
 
 nated against the sutures. 
 
 413. Scalari'i hellastriata, n. s. Shape like pretiosa, jun. : ribs veiy close, spinous 
 at shoulder, cro.ssed by spiral riblets. 
 
 Opalia btrenlis, Gld. E. E. Very close to australis: obsolete forms like Ocho- 
 
 temis, Midd. 
 Opalia (?c)'enatoides, var.) insculpta. Like the C. S. L. form and crenata, but 
 
 ribs closer, \^nthout spiral sculpture, sutural holes behind the basal rib. 
 Opalia spnngiosa, n. s. Like small, very slender graimlata : siu'face riddled 
 
 with deep punctures in spiral rows. 
 Opalia retiporosa, n. s. Sculpture in network, with deep holes. 40 fm. d. r. Cp, 
 Opalia buUata, n. s. Shape of Rissoina : with sutural oosses : no basal lib. 
 
 Family Cerithiopsid<B. 
 
 419. Cen'thiopsis tnherculata, Mont. Fbs. & Hani. Agrees with the British rather 
 
 than with the Mazatlan form. Cat. no. 557. 
 
 420. Cerithiopsis columna, n. s. Very tall : nodules close, like strung figs. 
 
 421. Cerithiopsis munita, n. s. Stout : strongly sculptured : base evenly ribbed. 
 
 422. Cerithiopsis piirpuret, n. s. Stained with pui-ple : nodules fine : base finely 
 
 lirate. 
 
 423. Cerithiopsis fortior, Ti. a. Sculpture open : strong basal rib. 
 
 424. Cerithiopsis ammilata, C. B. Ad. Maz. Cat. no. 563. With spiral keels. From 
 
 Southern fauna. 
 
 425. Triforis ?adversa, Mont. Fbs. & Hani. Agrees with British specimens. iO- 
 
 4b fm. V. r. Cp. 
 
 Family Cancellanada. 
 
 426. CancelJnria modesta, n. s. Like Trichoti w borealis, with two slantinc ^aH* 
 
 and spiral ribs travelling up the paries. See aliso p. 615, no8. 463, &17. 
 
 146 
 
 414. 
 
 415. 
 
 416. 
 
 417. 
 418. 
 
ox MOLI.USCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMKRICA. 
 
 G6i 
 
 42". Trichotropis cancellata 
 
 42S. inermis 
 
 42'.>. Velutina laevigata . . , 
 4J0. prolongata 
 
 4.51. Natica clausa 
 
 4.52. Liuiatia Lewisii 
 
 4-"i".. pallida 
 
 4-'{4. Neventa Recluziana . 
 4'\5. Priene Oreponensis . . . , 
 4-i<>. Kanella Californica . ,. . 
 
 4.S7. Mltra maura , 
 
 4S'<. Margrinella Jewettii . , 
 
 439. subtrigona , 
 
 440. rejfularis , 
 
 441. Volutella pyriformis . , 
 
 442. Volvarina varia , 
 
 443. Olivella biplicata 
 
 444. bsetica 
 
 Nutt Jew. 
 
 U.A. 
 
 Smiths. Ina. 
 
 Krn. Lord. .*iwan. 
 
 t'oo|>er. 
 
 «__ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 P 
 
 1 
 
 P 
 
 
 V 
 
 ^_ 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 1 — 
 
 P 
 
 — 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 P 
 
 D 
 VP 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 D 
 M 
 
 
 
 «• 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 L 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 BD 
 
 c 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 I 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 ]»r 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 B 
 B 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 MI 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 F 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 MDI 
 D 
 
 c 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 D 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 V 
 
 DI 
 MDI 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 oc 
 
 M 
 
 P 
 
 — 
 
 V 
 
 D 
 
 427. 
 428. 
 
 429. 
 430. 
 
 4:31. 
 432. 
 
 433. 
 
 434 
 
 435. 
 436. 
 
 4S7. 
 
 433. 
 
 439. 
 
 440. 
 
 441. 
 442. 
 
 443. 
 444. 
 
 Tn'chnfropis cancellata, Hds. Sulph. Sculpture stronor, open. Epidermis bristly. 
 Trichotropis inermis, Hds. Sulph. Sculpture faint : not bristly. 
 
 Family Velutiind<e. 
 
 Vehttina leevignta, Linn. Fbs. & Ilanl. Exactly accords with British speci- 
 mens. ? = Kamtschatkana, Desh. 
 Vdutina prolongata, n. s. Spire very small. Labrum produced in front. 
 
 Family Xaticidee. 
 
 Xatica clmisa, Brod. & Sbv. Umbilicus closed. Operc. shelly. CircumbireaL 
 
 Lunatia Leuisii, Gld. E. E. = hercuhea, Midd. Whirls flattened behind. Abun- 
 dant on beach, Cp, 
 
 Lunatia pallida, Br. & Sby. = caurina-\-soluta, Gld. Globular, compact, whitish. 
 Boreal. 
 
 Neverita Recluziana, Petit, Rve. Large, solid, raised, with brown grooved 
 lump on pillar. Also Guaj'mas. 
 
 Family Tritonid<e, 
 Priene Oregonenns, Eedf. Like cancellata, but coarser sculpture. 6fm. LyaU. 
 Ranella Californica, Hds. Sulph. Scarcely differs from tine specimens of R. 
 ventricosa, in Mus. Cum. • 
 
 Family Fasciolarida. 
 Mltra maura, Swains. Nutt. = or/e«^a/j.?, Gr&y =' Chilensis, Gray,' Kien. Very 
 dark and plain. Peru. Sand between rocks, 1. w. Cum. Peru. 
 
 Family Marginellidce. 
 
 Marginella Jeicettii, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 207. Like the Mogador species, 
 
 somewhat shorter and broader. 10-20 fm. C)>. 
 Marginella subtrigona, n. 8. Shape of Urato columheUa. 
 Marginella reqidaris, n. s. Between Jewettii and minor, C. B. Ad. Maz. Cat. 
 
 no. 587. Beach-20 fm. Cp. 
 Volutella jnfriformis, n. s. Genus of Swainson Cnot D'Orb.) = Closia, Gray. 
 
 Like V. margarittda, Maz. Cat. no. 689, but produced in front. 
 Vokarina varia, Sby. C. S. Lucas, W. Indies. 
 
 Family Olividce. '"> 
 
 OliveUa biplicata, Sby. T«nk.=glandinaria, Nutt. Nut-shaped. 
 Olivella beetica, n. s. Narrow, dull, thin : has been erroneously called anazoray 
 terginOf petiolita, and fasciata. 
 
 147 
 
GO? 
 
 REPORT 1^(53. 
 
 j 
 
 >'ut!. 
 
 Jew. 
 
 B.A. 
 
 [Smiths. Ins. 
 
 Ken. 
 
 Lord. ."? wan. 
 
 i 
 
 Cooper 
 
 445. Nas.-ia t'ossata 
 
 C 
 B 
 
 B 
 C 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 B/«. 
 
 B 
 B 
 F 
 
 C 
 
 B 
 F 
 
 PC 
 C 
 
 P 
 
 ? 
 
 LC 
 1' 
 C 
 
 
 C 
 D 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 ? 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 (?P)L 
 
 POF 
 
 L 
 VD 
 
 VPFiMI 
 
 VPOF 
 
 VF 
 
 VPF 
 
 D 
 POC 
 
 P 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 D 
 BDI 
 
 I 
 
 MD 
 
 1)1 
 
 D 
 
 M 
 
 xAIDI 
 
 1) 
 
 I 
 
 1)1 
 MDI 
 MD 
 
 F 
 
 FI 
 
 I) 
 
 FD 
 
 440. perpiiiiTui-s 
 
 447. iiisculnta 
 
 44."*. niendica 
 
 449, Cooperi 
 
 450. teu'ula 
 
 451. Ainycla ^ausapata 
 
 452. ? Caiiforniana 
 
 4.5.3. tuboi'osa 
 
 454. ? chrysalloidea .... 
 
 4i55. ? undata 
 
 456. ? Tnmcaria corrufrata .... 
 
 457. Columbella rariuata .... 
 4576. ?var. Ilindsii 
 
 458. Purpura crispata 
 
 459. canaliculata 
 
 4(>0. saxicola 
 
 4()06. var. fuscata 
 
 4t}0c. var. emar<rinata . . 
 
 4G0rf. var. ostrina 
 
 Family Buccinidm. 
 445. Kassa fossafa, Gld. E. E. = rlef/ans, live, non Desh. Lar<^e, broad, flattened spire. 
 44ti. Sassa perpinguis, Hds. Sulph. Same type, smaller, rounder, narrower. 
 
 447. Xansa insculpfa, n. s. Zeiixis, with vari.v and non-reflexed callus. Spirally 
 
 grooved. 40 fm. living, r. Cp. 
 
 448. Xassu ))icn<Iica,Gld.K.E.-\-Gihbesii,CooT^.s: 1foodicttrdii,Fhs. Very variable : 
 
 some forms approach trivittata. 
 440. yasm Cuoperi, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 273. Like mrndica, M-ith 7 distant ribs, 
 and fine .spiral sculpture. 
 
 450. yami tegula, Rve. Maz. Cat. no. 624. From SoiitLera fauna. 
 
 451. Anujcla i/aimipata, Gld. E. E. ((^enus rearrfiniri-d for Columbellids with X.as- 
 
 soid opercula, probably includinjj Alia and Asfi/ris.) Strong, solid, varie- 
 gated, smooth. 
 
 452. Aimjcla ? Calif omiayia, Gask. P. Z. S. 1851, p. 12. Whirls more swollen. 
 
 453. Avufcia tidjerom, n. s. Very close to fttinor, Scacchi, but with different nu- 
 
 cleus. 8-10 fm.c. Cp. 
 
 454. ?Ami/cIa chri/salloidea, n. s. Shape of Tnmcaria ewytoides, but mouth not 
 
 effuse : spirally fun-owed. Shoal-water, Cp. 
 
 455. fAmi/cla unda'a, n. s. Like stumpy, small vorrttgata, with waved sculpture. 
 
 40 fm. not r. Cjy. 
 
 456. ? Tnmcaria cornigata, Rve. Conch. Ic. (" Buccinum :" " Pimnin," Add. May 
 
 be an Ainycla.) Large, with waved ribs and spiral stria;. Dwarfed at 40 
 fm. Cp. 
 
 4f)7. " ColumJiella " carinata, Hds. Sulph. Small, turrited, smooth, with stout pos- 
 terior keel. (Perhaps Amycla.) Beach, Cp. 
 
 4576. Columhella ?var. Hiudsii, live. Keel shorter, till it ceases, as in gausapata. 
 
 Family Pitrpnridce. 
 458. Piirpira criitpafa, Chem.=plicafa, Mart. = l"cfiirn, F.>ic]\. = .9epfentrio}talis, Rve. 
 
 +&c. Large, strong, canal distinct, smooth or foliated. 
 450. Purpura canaliodata, Duel. = {Iece7ucosfaf<i, }i['n\d. +a(feniiata, Ttxe. -{-analogaf 
 
 Fbs. With elegant spiral grooves. Chrvsodonioid. 
 460. Pin-pura sancnla,YHl. = lapi!lm, Coop. Like the Atlantic species, rough, pillal 
 
 scooped, with brown .spiral lines. 
 4(506. Purjnira v&r. fu-teata, Fbs. Raised thin form, dull, with faint sculpture. 
 460c. Pirpiira var. cmnrginafa, Desh. Short, swollen, with scnly sculpture. 
 400J. Purpura vur. odtina, Gld. E. £. Short, swollen, nearly suiooth. 
 
 148 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF \ORTH AMF.RICA. 
 
 663 
 
 1 Nutt. Jew. 
 
 B.A. 
 
 Smiths. Ins. Ken. | Lonl. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 4(il. Monoceros engonatmn . . 
 
 40 1 i. ?var. spiiatum 
 
 4(52. lapilloides 
 
 40.'i. Ocinebra lurida and vara. 
 4t)4. interfossa 
 
 B 
 B 
 
 ~c 
 
 B 
 
 B> 
 
 ?B 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 B/s. 
 
 c 
 
 C i 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 D 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 L 1 
 LC 
 
 P 
 
 71 
 
 A 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 FI 
 MI 
 
 L 
 PODI/s. 
 
 L 
 
 I 
 
 (I) 
 D 
 
 D 
 V 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 ?Pjn 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 1)1 
 I 
 
 I 
 Mjun.l 
 
 UI 
 
 ?D 
 
 D 
 
 MD 
 
 D 
 MBDI 
 
 I 
 BD 
 
 ?i 
 
 465. ? Poulsoni 
 
 46(5. Cerostoma foliatum .... 
 467. Xuttallii 
 
 468. monoceros 
 
 469. Chorus Belcheri 
 
 470. Nitidella Gnuldii 
 
 471. Pedicularia Califomica . . 
 
 472. Pteronotus festivus 
 
 473. Muricidea Califoruira. . . . 
 
 474. Trophon multicootatus . . 
 
 475. Orpheus 
 
 4(0. trianjrulatus 
 
 477. Siphonalia Kellettii .... 
 
 478. fuscotinrta 
 
 479. Chrysodonms tabulatus . , 
 
 480. liratus 
 
 
 461. 
 
 401 />, 
 402. 
 
 403. 
 
 4036. 
 
 403 c, 
 
 4(54. 
 
 4(55. 
 
 4(50. 
 
 407. 
 
 408. 
 
 409. 
 
 470. 
 
 471. 
 
 472. 
 473. 
 474. 
 
 475. 
 470. 
 477. 
 
 478. 
 479. 
 
 480. 
 
 Monoceros engonatum, Conr. = unica>-itiatutn, Sby. Brown-dotted, with sharp 
 posterior keel, snioothi.sh. Beach, Cp. 
 
 Miiiwceros ?\'a.v..spirafiiin (Blainv.). Lijiht colour: scaly; hnra not developed. 
 
 Monoceros lapilloides, Com:=27uiictatu)n,Griiy-\-breciile)is, Conr. Not should- 
 ered : shape of lapillus. 
 
 Ocinebra lurida, Midd. (Genus reconstitutf^d for Muricoid Purpuiids with 
 irregular varices.) Like canalictdata, brown, with swelling ribs. Beach on 
 Cat. Is. liA-ing. Cp. 
 
 Ocinebra var. aspera, Baird. Sculpture rough. 
 
 Ocinebra var. inunda. Tall, with faint .sculpture. 
 
 Ocineb a interfossa, n. s. Purple-brown, with latticed sculpture. 
 
 ? Ocinebra Poidsoni, Xutt. Shape like M. monoceros, with brown spiral line*. 
 
 Cerostoma foliatum, Gme:\. = monodon, l']sch. Large, with winged varicfs. 
 
 Cerostoma XtiftalUi, Conr. Smaller, pear-shaped : interstices scarcely sculptured. 
 
 Cerostoma monoceros, Sby. Spire raised : whirls rough, roimded. 
 
 Chorus Belcheri, Hds. Sulph. Very large, with irregular varices like Trophon. 
 L. w. com. Cp. 
 
 Nitidelh Oo'ddii, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1F~0, p. ?08. Slender : like thin A. gausapata, 
 with Pui'puroid operc. 
 
 Pedicularia Califomica, Newc. Small, purple, highly sculptured. 
 
 Family Muricidee. 
 
 P/eronotusfesth'Hs, lids. Sulph. Form irregular; fiills reflexed. 
 
 Muricidea Californica,Hd!i.HiilY>h. Varices faintly developed. L.w.-20fm. Cp. 
 
 Trophon tnidttcosfa'us, Esch.= Guuneri, Lov. live. Frills spiny behind: not 
 
 sculptured spirally. Circumpolar. 
 Trophon Orpheus, Gld, E. E. Like the List, with distant spiral riblets. 
 Trophon trianffdahts,n. a. Typhoid shape : frills triangular, white. GOfm.Cp. 
 Siphonalia Kellettii, Fbs. P. Z. S. 18.50, p. 274. Very large, tiurited, with 
 
 swollen whirls. .Also Japan. 1 hving Oi in. long. 
 Siphonalia fu scot incta, n. s. Like the same in extreme miniature. 
 Chri/soloiniis tabula/us, Baird, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 6(5. Large, with posterior keel, 
 
 ami delicate sculpture. 120 fm. dead. Cat. Is. Cp. 
 Chn/sodoinus liratus. Mart. = dtcemcostatus, Midd. (? Say) = Middendorffii, Coop. 
 
 Swollen, with dislaut keels. Whidby's Is. 
 
 149 
 
C64 
 
 REPORT 1&G3. 
 
 
 Nutt. Jew. 
 
 i 
 
 B.A. 'smiths. Ins. 
 
 Ken. 
 
 Lord. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 481. Chi-ysodomus dirus 
 
 482. rectirostris 
 
 48;i. Fusus anibustus 
 
 484. Macron Kellettii 
 
 485 lividus 
 
 .___ 
 
 B/s. 
 B 
 
 c 
 
 L 
 
 VI 
 
 FMI 
 L 
 L 
 
 (FL) 
 ?M 
 
 P 
 P 
 
 ?P 
 ?P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 ?v 
 
 BDI 
 
 ?I 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 DI 
 
 48(3. Anachis subturrita 
 
 487. ? penicillata 
 
 488. Argonauta Argo 
 
 489. Octopus punctatii8 
 
 4iK). Ommastrephes giganteus . 
 491. Avresii 
 
 492. Onychoteuthis fusiformis . 
 
 481. Chrysodomui dirus, Rve. = indsus, Gld. = Sitchensis, Midd. Dark liver, with 
 
 spiral grooves. 
 
 482. Chrysodomtts rectirostris, n. s. Small, white, smooth, with straight canal. 
 
 483. FiLius ambustus, Gld. Otia. Close to clavata, iJrocchi, from Mediterranean. 
 
 Farallone \s. teste Darbishire ; 16 fm. c. Cp. 
 
 484. Macron Kellettii, A. Ad. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 185. Laige, with blunt keels. Dead, 
 
 CO fm. Cat. Is. Cp. 
 
 485. Macron lividus, A. Ad. Small, smooth. 
 
 486. Anachis subturrita, n. s. Aspect of small Rissoina. 20 faint libs : no spiral 
 
 sculpture. 
 
 487. ? Anachis penicilluta, n. s. Small, with Metuloid sculpture. Beach-10 fm. Cp. 
 
 Class CEPHALOPODA. ily Argonautidce. 
 
 488k Arfionauta Argo,\Aiin. axxct. Like the Me ..^erranean form. Hundrc '^ on Sta 
 Cruz Is. Cp. 
 
 Family Octopides. 
 
 489. Octopus punctatm, Gabb, Proc. Cal. Ac. 1862, p. 170. S. Clemente Is. Cp. 
 
 Family Loligidte. 
 
 490. Ommastrephes giganteus, D'Orb. Peru. Common at S. Clemente Is. Cp. 
 
 491. Ommastrephes Ayresii,GaMh,Vvoc.C&\. Ac. Hundreds on S. Clemente Is. Cp, 
 
 492. Onychoteuthis fusiformis, Gabb, Proc. Cal. Ac. 1802, p. 171. "Cape Horn, 
 
 Mus. Ac." 'S. Clemente Is. Cp. 
 
 113. It remains to tabulate the shells which have been received from 
 special localities, south of the State of California, either by the writer or by 
 the Smithsonian Institution ; vide Br. Assoc. Eep., par. 77. 
 
 The promontory of Lower Call fornia has been so little explored, that the 
 existence of a large inland fiord, in lat. 28°, was not known to the autho- 
 rities. It appears that the whales have long deli,a;htcd in its quiet waters; 
 and those whalers who were in the secret carefully preserved the exclusive 
 knowledge of so profitable a hunting-ground. AU that we know at present 
 of the molluscs of that region is from collections made at Cerros Island, by 
 Dr. Ayres and Dr. Veitsch. They are mostly shore shells, and are sadly 
 intermixed with an abundance of cowries, cones, strombs, and other clearly 
 Pacific species, which throw great doubt upon those which may be truly 
 from the coast. As it is manifestly a " hotbed of spurious species," nothing 
 can safely be built upon the data, which present a singular intermixture of 
 northern and southern forms. Excluding the Central Pacific importations, 
 the lists stand as follows, the temperate species being distinguished (as in the 
 tirst Report) by a *, the tropical by a t : — 
 
 150 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OK THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 665 
 
 •Sanguinolaria Nuttalli. 
 "Macoma aecta. 
 
 Anjrulus (iouldii. 
 •tikttrodonax bimaculatua. 
 
 •JJonax L'alifornicus. 
 
 tUonax puuctato.striatus. 
 
 •.Standella i'Californica. 
 
 *Pafhydesina crassatelloide& 
 •tAiniantis callosa. 
 
 •Chione siuiillima. 
 
 tC'hione ne<jlecta. 
 
 •Tapt'S staminea, Conr. 
 
 tTapes grata and vars. 
 
 •Luciua Ca'.it'oinica. 
 Lucina bella. 
 
 •Mvtilus edulis. (One young specimen, 
 perhaps from San Frani-isco.) 
 
 •St'ptifer bifurcatus. 
 
 fPecten subno.losus, ventricosus. 
 
 •Pecten monotinieris and vax's, 
 
 •Hinnites gigantius. 
 •fOstrea conchaphila. 
 •fAnomia Planipe. 
 
 Siphonaria ffiqiiilirata. 
 •tMf'lampus olivaceus. 
 
 Helix arrosa. 
 •fBulla nebulosa. 
 •flschuochiton Magdalensis. 
 
 •Acmsea persona, var. textilis. 
 
 •Acmaea scabra, var. liiuatula. 
 
 •Acmaea Psp.'Ctrum, juu. 
 
 *Lottia gigantea. 
 
 *Lucapina crenulata. 
 
 •Fissurella volcano. 
 
 •Haliotis splendens. 
 
 •Ilaliotis Cracherodii. 
 
 •Pomaulax v.idosus. 
 
 •Trochiscus Norrisii. 
 *Oinphalius i'luscescens. 
 •Oniphalius aureotinctua. 
 tCrucibulnm inibricatum. 
 •fCmcibulum spinosum. 
 tCrepidula arenata and var. 
 tCenthium uncinatum. 
 •Cerithidea pullata. 
 tCerithidea Montagnei. 
 •Litorina planaxis. 
 
 Luponia sp. ind., jna. 
 tTrivia Solandri. 
 •Trivia Califoiuica. 
 
 Drillia penicillata. 
 
 Myurella, sp. 
 •fXeverita Keduziana. 
 tXatica Maroccana. 
 •Scalaria (Ind. var.) tincta. 
 tBezoarilica abbreviata. 
 fLeiicozonia cingulata. 
 tStrigatella tristis. 
 •Qlivella biplicata. 
 •Purpura ostrina, vars. 
 tPurpura biserialis. 
 
 Mouoceros lugubre. 
 tVitularia salebrosa. 
 
 Cerostonia monoceros. 
 
 Ocinebra Poulsoni. 
 
 Chorus FJeicheri. 
 tColumbella fuscata. 
 *Columbella carinata. 
 tStrombina gibber ula. 
 tAnachis coronata. 
 •fNassa tegula. 
 tNassa complanata. 
 
 Macron Kellettii. 
 •Macron lividus. 
 
 Callopoma tessellatum = Folili esii. 
 
 The shells of Margarita Bay, on the Pacific coast cf Lower California, in 
 lat. 24°, have beoonie known through W. Harper Pease, Esq., of Honolulu, 
 Sandwich Islands. Through his labours we are likely soon to bt favoured 
 •with accurate accounts of the distribution of species in the various parts of 
 the Pacific Ocean. Ali adj' his researches have greatly enriched our know- 
 ledge of the quaint fauna of the Sandwich Islands, from which he has elimi- 
 nated the spurious sjjecies, and added those erroneonfily ascribed to California 
 by previous naturalists. The principal trade from these islands is with San 
 Francisco ; and " the coast," in Mr. Pease's writings, signifies the coast of 
 California or (generally) of Western America. Many of our best specimens 
 of rare West-coast shells have been received from him, and in remarkably 
 fresh preser%-ation. The Margarita Bay species were obtained by one of his 
 trained collectors, and are as follows : — 
 
 Martesia intercalata. 
 Saxicava pholadis 
 Solecurtus violascens. 
 
 Iliatula compacta. 
 •Tellina secta. 
 Strigilla camaria (pink), 
 Semele Califoiuica. 
 
 151 
 
 Donax punctatostriatus. 
 
 Dosiuia ponderosa. 
 
 Callista chionaea. 
 
 Callista vulnernta (?=tricolor, Pie,), 
 
 Chione succincta 
 
 Chione gnidia. 
 
 Tapes grat^i. 
 
r^a 
 
 KEPORT 13G3. 
 
 •Tape* staminea. 
 
 Chama t'rondosa. 
 
 Cardiuni proceruin. 
 
 Liocardiuin elatum. 
 
 Modiola capax. 
 
 Modiola Brasiliensis. 
 
 Lithophagus attenuatus. 
 
 Barbatia gradata. 
 
 Pecten ventrioosus. 
 
 Ostrea Virginica (Maz. Cat.). 
 •( ),strea lurida, var. 
 
 (Jstrea coachaphila. 
 
 Ostrea amara. 
 
 Siphonaria sequilirata ( = leviuscula, 
 Sbi/., teste Vumitiy). 
 
 Siphonaria grigas. 
 •Helix areolata, Fhs. (The only land- 
 shell received from the Bay.J 
 
 Dentaliuni tetragonuni, Sby. 
 
 Dentalium seniipolituiu. 
 
 Dentalium lacteuin, 1 hil, 
 
 Acnisea strigatella. 
 
 Acniaea atrata. 
 
 Gadinia reticulata. 
 
 Callio.-itoma versicolor. 
 •Chlorostonia gallina. 
 •Chlorostoiiia aureotinctum. 
 
 Nerita scabricosta. 
 
 Nerita liernhardi. 
 
 Crueibuluni spinosum. 
 
 Crucibuluni imbricatum. 
 
 In the above list, the only strictly 
 Tvith a *. 
 
 The following species have been received from La Paz, besides those tabu- 
 lated in Major llich's list, p. 541, in the C. S. L. list, p. 619, and the B. A. 
 Rep. p. 352. It is clear that the fauna of the district is essentially tropical, 
 and remarkably free from Californian species. 
 
 Dentalimn semipolitunu 
 
 Turritella punctata. 
 
 Modulus cerodes. 
 
 Olivella fulyida, Lieut. Trowbridge [teste W. Cooper ; but probably added by 
 
 him accidentally from his W. Afncan collections. It has not been received 
 
 from any other West-coast source], 
 Siphonalia modificata. Dead. 
 
 A very interesting senes of shells were collected at Guaymas and Pinacati 
 Bay, by Capt. Stone and Mr. Sloat. The latter gentleman affixed MS. names 
 to those which he regarded as new. They were in remarkably beautiful 
 condition, the bivalves having an unusually porcellauous aspect, and many 
 of the species presenting local peculiarities. 
 
 Midinia carinul-ata, I)esh.,= Mactra modesta, Sloat MS. 
 
 Doginia pouderosa. \ ery large. 
 
 Chione jiuctifraya, Sby.,= T. Cortezi, Sloat MS. [=ffibbostda (Desh.), Rve.,= 
 
 callona, Sby., uon Conr.l. 
 Chione auccincta, Val.,= Calif ornicnsis, Brod.,= V. crasm, Sloat MS. [^'evy 
 
 variable in sculpture ; also, with the last, varies greatly in shape, some o.* the 
 
 specimens being much produced, others rounded.] 
 Chione ynidia, Eiod. Passing into atnathusia, 
 
 152 
 
 Crepidula onyx. 
 
 Crepidula excavata. 
 
 (ialerus conicu*. 
 
 Cerithium slercus muscaruui, 
 
 Pvrazus inc-isus and var. 
 
 Iihinoclavis geaimata. 
 
 Cerithidea Mazatlauiea. 
 
 Litorina fasciata. 
 
 Litorina aspera, var, 
 
 Oonus '■ reticulatus " (Pease). Dead. 
 
 Conus " emarginatus " (Pease). De»d. 
 
 Couus interruptus. 
 
 Neverita Recxuziana. 
 
 Poiinices bifasc-iata. 
 
 Cancellaria urceolata. 
 
 Cancellaria goniostoma. 
 
 " Cypryecassis testiculus " [perhaps 
 
 tenuis\ 
 Malea ringens. 
 Priene nodosa. 
 Oliva subangulata. 
 Oliva poi-phyria. 
 Purpura palula. 
 Purpura biserialis, 
 
 •Purpura ostrina. [Xormal, living.] 
 Vitularia sal"brosa. 
 Monoceros lugubre, var. 
 Cerostoma monoceros. 
 Xassa tegula. 
 Siphonalia anomala. 
 Phyllonotus nigritus. 
 
 Californian species are those marked 
 
0\ MOLLrSTA or THE WEST COAST OF XORTII AMERICA. 637 
 
 Cliioiie piillcnrin, Sby., vai\,= V. Pitiacateimg, Sloat MS. Sculptiue pretstd 
 
 smooth in the niiiidle. 
 Cardinni elatiim. Ymf. 
 Ciirdiim proccrum. Fine. 
 
 ■MikHiIu cajm.v. '■ Choros.'' Alao Sta. Inez Bay. 
 Mdfliola Brasiliensis. (Typical.) 
 Ji)f-<.tonrca Pacijica. 
 
 Oi^'rca coiichapliiln et amara, Jfaz. Cat. 215. 
 C'hifon (Lophynt^) IStokenii. Also San Salvador, Capt. Dow, 
 Cdllopomajiiictuattim. 
 liiroiiia co/itorta. 
 Ti 'rritcUa pint iontoma. 
 
 TurriteUit fi;/rina (lijrht Yur. ),= k)icosfoma, Val. 
 
 Cerithiden alhonodusu. ( 'onminn. [Probably a var. of Mazatlatnca.J 
 Sfnniibii.s f/raciiior. Also Mulejire Bay. 
 Kcreritd JRecbiziana. [Operc. strong, horny.] 
 Jtanclla friqiietra. [Operc. sub-Bucciiioid, oval ; nucleus internal, near middle 
 
 of la brum : scar witn few ridges, as in Purpura.^ 
 OUra angulata. Not rare. 
 Oliva Ciimi)i(fii, very callous var. 
 A'jaronia testacea. 
 Moiioceros luyubre. Very tall var. 
 PhyUimotus nigritus. ^'ery large, of form described by Philippi, with Pholads 
 
 in situ. Agiobanipo Bay. 
 Phyllonotits bicolor. [Operc. thin, without frills or raised layers ; of uniform 
 
 colour.] Also Angeles Bay. 
 
 To these may be added, from a second voj-ago by Capt. Stone to the 
 northern part of the Gulf of California, and in equally good condition — 
 
 Area grandiii. Agiobampo Bay. 
 
 Callisfa semdamelldsa. Agiobampo Bay. 
 
 jAizttiia pectuncilu» (teste Cuming). St. Luis Bay. 
 
 Cnrdiion consors. St. Luis Bay. 
 
 Avicida Peruviana. Mulege Bay. 
 
 Lucina tif/errina. Very fine. San Marcos Island. 
 
 3I<triiaritiphoraJimhri(da. " Topo." 
 
 Jtinira dentata [ = ('.rravata, Val. J. " Caballito del mar," St. Luis Bay. 
 
 Ihdhi nebidosa. " Huevitos.'' 
 
 G/t/phis itirrqitalix. St. Luis Bay. 
 
 Criicibidiiin imhricatum. St. Luis Bay. 
 
 Cyprtea e ranfhema. (Large.) Cape de Haro. 
 
 Myurella varieyata. Mul'-ge Bay. 
 
 Solarium yramdatum et var. quadriceps. Agiobampo Bay. 
 
 Palinices bifaticiata. AngcLs Bay. 
 
 Cypreecamis tenuis [= Marseiirp, Kien.]. Cai'meu Island. 
 
 Hnrpa cretMta. Very fine. Mulege Bay. 
 
 litzoardica abbreviata. Mulege Bay. 
 
 Ficida decussata. Angeles Bay. 
 
 Pynila patida. A giobainpo Bay. 
 
 Malea rinyens, Lobos Island. 
 
 Argonauta hians.' 1 tine sp. Upper part of Gulf of California. 
 
 To the Guaymas fauna must he added, from Dr. Gould's portion of the 
 same collection, " Pirfc7i py.vidafus" [? =subcrenntu^, jun.). Also from the 
 collection of the Ciilif. Ac. Nat. Sc., Nassa nodocimta,, A. Ad. [Galapagos, 
 Cuminr/]. On comparing these lists with the shells given in B. A. llcp. 
 p. 352 (in which the Venus quoted is not " staminea, Conr.," but a southern 
 species), it will be seen that the fauna of the upper part of the Gulf, as fur 
 north as it has been explored, is essentially troi)icaI. The Chione Jliutijiii</ci 
 
 153 
 
CG3 
 
 REPORT 18C3. 
 
 and C. swcincia, however, and the roVnwes UecJnz'tana indicate a connexion 
 with California which may have been, at a previous age, more direct than at 
 present. 
 
 114. (See first Report, pars. 79-83.) Acapulco being notorious for the 
 exotic species quoted in its fauna, it is desirable to examine all authentic 
 collections from that prolific localitj'. The Smithsonian series were ob- 
 tained by Dr. Newberry* (N.), after his Pacific R. R. ^Explorations {vide 
 p. 593) ; by Mr. Belcher {B.) ; and by the Rev. J. Rowell {R.), who obtained 
 them principally from the valves of the large oysters. The private collec- 
 tions of Judge Cooper, Col. Jewett {J.), "ud other American naturalists have 
 also afforded valuable information. The species from these various sources, 
 which were also found by Mr. Xantus, are tabulated with his Cape St. Lucas 
 series, anted, pp. 619-620. The following have not been obtained from the 
 iiorthera localities : — 
 
 Corbula nuciformis, J. 
 
 Corbula ovulata, and smooth var., B., J. 
 
 Machaera patula, var., N. [Surely im- 
 ported.] 
 
 SanfTuinolaria miniata, J.,N.,B. 
 
 Tellina princeps, B. ; punicea, JV., B. ; 
 opercularis, N. 
 
 Etrigilla caruaria, pale and crimson vars., 
 N., B. 
 
 Semele proxima, J. ; pulchra, J., N. ; 
 venusta, J. 
 
 Donax carinatus, J., N. ; rostratus, J. ; 
 transversus, iV. 
 
 Trigona Hindsii, J. 
 
 Mactrella carinata, Lam. , = alata, Spmgl., 
 y. [Perhaps imported.] 
 
 Dosinia Annse, N. 
 
 Callista circinata, J. ; semilamellosa, X., 
 B. ; spinosissiraa, B. 
 
 Chione amathusia, jV. 
 
 Kupellaria foliacea, Jt. 
 
 Petricola ventricosa, B, 
 
 Chama corrugata, B. 
 
 Ciirdium Paculeatum, jun., N. [proba- 
 bly from ballast] ; graiiiferum, X. 
 
 Lucina r'pectinata, var., J. \ More like 
 imhricatula, W. I. ; perhaps Jamaican.] 
 
 Diplodonta semia.spera, B. 
 
 felania tellinoides, var., J. [More like 
 subijlobosa, W. I. ; perhaps Jamaican.] 
 
 Corbicula Pconvexa, 1 worn valve, X. 
 
 Scapharca bifrons, X. ; labiata, B, 
 
 Noetia reversa, J., B. 
 
 Argina brevifrons, X. 
 
 Axinaea parcipicta [ = multicastata], 
 J., X.; pectenoides, J. ; inae(iuali8, J, 
 
 I^iraa angulata, J. 
 
 (Xstrea megodon [P.Z. S. 1845,p. 106], JV. 
 
 .^Vuomia lampe, J. 
 
 Tomatina infrequens, B. 
 
 iJentaliiim i'hexagonum, var., B. 
 
 Fissurella nigropunctata, J. ; Pniacro- 
 trema, J. ; alba, jun., B. (1 worn sp.) 
 
 Calliostoma lima, var. ajqiiisculpta, X. j 
 Leanum, /. 
 
 Senectus squamigerus, J. 
 
 (Jalerus couicus, X. ; maniillaris, X. 
 
 Crepidula nivea, B. ; incurva, .V. 
 
 Turritella Banksii, X. ; leucostoma, B. 
 
 Ampullaria Columbitnsis, B. [West 
 Mexico ; locality uncertain.] 
 
 Truncatella Bairdiana, B, 
 
 Radius avena, J. 
 
 Cypraea exantiiema, X. 
 
 Luponia fimbriolata, Beck, X. [Pro- 
 bably imported, and perhaps au iiu- 
 Jierfectlv developed form of nemijjo- 
 ita, Migh.] 
 
 Terebra tuberculosa, X. 
 
 Drillia incrassata, B. ; ebumea, n. s., 
 R. [W. Mexico; locality uncertain.] 
 
 Mangelia subdiaphana, J. 
 
 Conus interruptus, Br. Hf Shy., B. ; ma- 
 hogani, X. ; puncticulatus, X. 
 
 Eulima hastata, B. 
 
 Eulima, like yod, B. 
 
 Eulimella, sp. (worn), B. 
 
 Chemnitzia tenuilirata, B. 
 
 Fasciolaria, sp. [size of tuUpa, but with 
 row of knoos and serrated lip], X. 
 
 Latirus castaneus, X. 
 
 Volvarina Pfiisca, J. [More regularly 
 cylindrical than the W. I. specimens, 
 broader in proportion near suture 
 and at base, spire much shorter ; but 
 locality uncertain.] 
 
 Oliva Julietta, B. 1 worn sp. [proba- 
 bly imported] ; Pkaleontina, dead, X. 
 
 • The collections of Dr. Newberry passed principBUy into the hands of Dr. E. Fore- 
 man, late of Washington, who kindly presented a series to the Mus. Smiths. 
 
 * ' 154 
 
OM Mnr.i.rscA or the west tovst or xoiiTn America. 669 
 
 AoTRroiiift fpstHcea, X. 
 
 Itliiznilieilus niadreporanim. 2 liviug 
 
 sp. on coral, J. 
 Colinnbella uncinata,^^ ; hiimerosa, n. s., 
 
 R. : variaus, var., iV. [?Lnporte(l from 
 
 Sandw. Is.] 
 
 Xassa coliaria, X. ; ambifrua, Jfiw/., teste 
 JlaiU., N. [Probably imported from 
 W. I.j 
 
 Anachis coronata, X. ; Califomica, J. 
 
 Muriiidea alveata, J. 
 
 Pbyllonotus brassica, X. 
 
 The following 8pec-ies are part of a collection received at the Smithsnninix 
 Inst, from lle;il Llejos, aul till up gaps which existed in the CeuUul Amt-ii- 
 can fauna at the time of the lirst Keport : — 
 
 I)i-cina Cimiinuii. Csecum lirat^cinctum. 
 
 Trigona Hindsii. 
 Ht'iuicardiuiii obov;ile. 
 Crassatella jj-ibbosa. 
 Koliia .suborbiciilaris. 
 B.irbatia nuitabilis. 
 Ji'oetia reversa. 
 Axiniea Pnmlticostata. 
 Fissinella rufro.sa. 
 Phasianella perlorata. 
 Oiiiphalius viritluhis. 
 Ilipponyx barbatus. 
 
 Cterum laeve. 
 
 Cerithium interruptiim, var. 
 Barleeia subtenuis. 
 Alicia punctiilata. 
 Terebra strip-ata. 
 Cerithidpsi:, assimilata. 
 Triforis alteriia'.a. 
 Olivella gracili-t. 
 !-'Nit:della niillepunctata. 
 Noithia pristis. 
 Pisania sanjjuinolenta. 
 
 The collections received at tlie Smithsonian Inst, from Panama consist, in the 
 main, of species already tabulated from that region. The following, however, 
 are new to that well-searched portion of the fauna ; — 
 
 TeUina striata (teste Cuming), Rowell, Pease. 
 
 TelUiia (Aii(/t(lm) anqilecUtus, n. s., Kowell, Pease. 
 
 Adiild slyUna. I Califomian species : either ballast or error in num- 
 
 I'ecten cequisulcatus, ]\in. ( bering: Roivell. 
 
 Litorina. Small spotted species, n. s., teste Cuming, but appears identical 
 
 with the W. Indian : prouably imported : Rowell. 
 yiuminicnla, sp., Kowell. 
 Dril/iu aJbulaqmata , n. s., Rowell. 
 Xatica catetuita, Rowell. 
 Cuma costata, Rowell. 
 
 115. The Pulraonates of the Pacific slope h^ve not formed a special study 
 ■with the writer of this Rejiort, as thej' were already in the abler hands of 
 Messrs. Binney, Bland, and other eminent Ti ansatlantic naturalists. The 
 opinions of Mr. Binney as to syni lymy, &c., with descriptions of new 
 species and details of those previously known, were given in papers pub- 
 lished in the ' Proc. Ac. Xat. Sc. Phil.' as follows: — " Descriptions of American 
 Land Shells," Feb. 1857 ; " Xotes on American Land Shells," Oct. l^oT, 
 May 1858, Nov. 185S, July Is.jO : and also in the ' Proc. Bost. N. H. S.,' 
 *' Description of two supposed new species of American Land Shells," Apr. 
 1857. These are embodied in ' The Terrestrial Air-Breathing Molluscs of the 
 United States and the adjacent Territories of North America,' vol. iv., by 
 W. G. Binney, Boston, 1851). It was lirst printed in the 'Boston Jouiiial 
 of Natural History,' vol. vii., and is intended as a Supplement to the great 
 treatise by his father, vols, i.- iii., on the same subject. It is impossible to 
 speak in too high terms of commendation of the manner in which this work 
 has been prepared and executed, and of the beautiful figures drawn by Otro 
 I Kohler. The more matured views of the author were embodied in th", 
 ' Check-List of the Terrestrial Gasteropoda of North America,' published by 
 the Smithsonian Inst.. June 1860, of which a second edition was soon issucu. 
 The species were divided iuto three series, — (1) those of the Pacilic coa&t, 
 
 155 
 
670 REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 irom the extreme north to Mazatlan ; (2) those of enstern X. A., from the 
 boreal regions to the Rio Grande ; (3) those found in Mexico, to whitli sixteen 
 from the first series are added. The freshwater Pulnionates are tatalupiud 
 hy the same most industrious author, in the ' Check-Lis*. of the Fluviiitilo 
 Gasteropoda of X. America,' which contains the Melanhuhp, Paho/initliv, 
 AmpuJhiriarlo;, Vahatkh^. and LhnnmdcK ; the West Coast species beinj? dis- 
 tinguished by the letter W. and the Mexican by U. Mr. Binney next under- 
 took a monograph of the rahidinldtr, &c., the proofs of which were widely 
 distributed in 1802. Afterwards, assisted by the extensive series of speci- 
 mens received from the Smithsonian Museum, and with access to those of 
 the principal public and private collections in the U. S., and with the benefit 
 of Say's types preserved in the Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., he prepared a preliminary 
 synopsis of the LimmeuJo', with full synonymy, proofs of which were issued by 
 the Smithsonian Inst., May 4th, lS(i3. Last of all, under date Dec. 9, 1863, 
 the Smithsonian Inst, has distributed proof copies of a complete ' Synopsis 
 of the Sjiecies of Air-Breathing Molluscs of N. A., as eliminated from their 
 synonyms by Mr. Binney'*. Of all these works the author not only sent the 
 earliest slip-proofs to assist in ti.e preparation of this Report, but in several 
 instances took the pains to write separately what related to the W. coast, 
 and even sent the manifold -duplicate of part of the printer's copy. It is not 
 considered necessary to tabulate each of these publications separately, as 
 they can easily be obtained by post, on application to Professor Henry, 
 Washington, D.C. The following list embodies — (1) the classification and 
 nomenclature of Dec. 9th, 1863; (2) the synonymy as given in prenous 
 synopses ; and (3) the localities and authorities supplied by Mr. Binney in 
 MS. The following reservation requires attention : — " As a mere proof, 
 •which will undou])tedly receive many corrections, this list should not bo 
 quoted as authority, or referred-to as a published work." 
 
 Mr. Binney^s Arrangement of the West Coast Pnlmonates. 
 t The species thus marked have not been seen by Mr. Binney. 
 
 PHANEROPNEUMOXA. 
 
 EcTorHTHALMA. (Xone known in the region.) 
 
 Opistiiophtealma. Fam. TmncateUidte. 
 
 1. TruncateJln Californtca,Vt.,+ T. ffracilenta,Gld. S. Biego, Cooper. [Comp. 
 Maz. Cat. no. 423.] 
 
 PULMONATA. 
 Geophila. § 1. Vermivora. Fam. Oleacimdtp. 
 t2. Glnndma {Glandina) turris, F(r. (= Achatim= Oleacina, Pfr.) W. Mexico. 
 Maz. Cat. no. 231. 
 3. Glandina ' Glandina) Alhersi, Pfr. {r=Achatina, Pfr.).,-|-G. Albeisi,yax. ttirrtta, 
 Cpr. W. Mexico. Maz. Cat. no. 230. 
 
 • The first Transatlantic attempt to revise the genera of N, A. Helicida was made by 
 Mr. Bland, in his " Remarks on Classifications of N. A. Helices by European autliors, 
 and especially H. and A. Adams and Albers," printed in the ' Annals of the Lyceum of 
 >'at. Hist. N. York,' Oct. 1863. In an addendum, he gives a list of the Pacific species, 
 with an account of two "genera" not represented in the eastern division. Mr. Binney, 
 continuing Mr. Bland's labours, issues the species for the most part in the trinoinial 
 nomenclature, which now appears to be taking the place of the Linnean binomial system. 
 No attempt is here made to review the work, as the writer felt justified in doing with 
 reference to marine shells ; the only alterations made consistmg of corrections m some of 
 the ciUtions with which he happened to be more faiuihar. 
 
 Id6 
 
ON MOLLVSCA OF THE VfLZT CO ST OF NORTH AMERICA. C7l 
 
 § 2. PhyUovora. Fam. Ilelicidm. 
 Sulifam. Vitrinince. 
 t4. Vitrinn Tfiifferi, Newc. Carson Val'.py, Cal., Xeii'comb. 
 6. Biinu't/a tintdhili:*, Cp. Catalina Island, Cal., Cooper. 
 
 6. Miicroci/rh's yivhi'rryaim, liin. S. J)ieii:o, comiuon, Xeirheriy. 
 
 7. .\Ittir(H'i/(li'< I'anriiiiverensi.i, liea, Heli.v V., Loa, Tro^rli., Pt'r., CiW., Tlvp.,=» 
 
 y/. velliaita, Fbs., Hve., Pfr., + i/. coiicarn, Biiin. Vani ouvER To Cali- 
 fornia: — Columbia 11., XiittaV, U.S. E.E.; I'litrft Sound, V. S. E. E.; 
 Vaneoiivt^r, li. N. P. B. S. : Oregon City, yewberry ; California, Trmcbiidge ; 
 St. Joseph's K., 2nd Camp. 
 • 76. Mficroci/rli's [i-'var.l i>po/ielia* , Gld. Pror.T Sn. TO S. Diego : — Piij^et Sd., 
 U. S. E. E. ; FortXlmpqua, Orejrou ; S. Dit'jro, Ires, yetrhei-n/ ; S. Francisco, 
 Mus. Cal. Ac. ; Contra Costa Co., Thomson. " Animal solitary." 
 
 SuLfam. IleUcina. * 
 
 8. Heliv (Patula) strigom, Old. Interior Ba.sin; X. Mexico to P>niT. Av. ; 
 
 — Int. of Orejron, U. S. E. E.\ Caiion Largo, Rio I'edro, N. M., yewberry, 
 n. Helix (Patula) (Vw)/xa, Bin. California. 
 
 10. He it {Patula) Mazutlaniia, Pfr. Mazatlan. 
 
 11. Heliv (Polygyra) acutedentata, lim.,-\- H. iaj.?a, Bin. Guaymas. Mazatlan, 
 
 G jubfl. 
 
 12. Helir ( Polygyra) ventrosula, Pfir. [No locality given : not " W." in Check- 
 
 Lists.] 
 
 13. Helix {Polygyra) poJygyrella, Bland. " W." [teste Check-List, not in MS.] 
 
 14. Hflix {Stmotreina) t/crniatui, Gld. Ore<ron, U. S. /•,'. E. 
 
 15. Helix {Triiidojjis) Slullani, Bland. Washington Territory and Oregon: 
 
 — St. Joseph's River, 1st Camp. 
 
 16. Helix {Triodopsis) Lricata, Gld., Pfr., = yf. Lecontei, Lea. Sacramento River, 
 
 U. S. E.E. 
 
 17. Helix {Mesodon) Columbiana, Lea. Trosch., Rve., Pfr.,-|-Zr. luhiom,VAA., Pfr. 
 
 Vancouver to Oregon : — Ft. Vancouver, Xuttall : Ft. George, U.S.E.E.; 
 Nootka Sound, Hinds ; Astoria, Drayton : Orejron (^ity, Xt-tcherry. 
 
 18. Helix {Mesodon) devia, Gld., Pfr., =H. Busker cilki, Pfr.," Rve. Puget Sound, 
 
 U. S. E. E. ; Oregon. 
 
 19. Heliv {Aylaia) Jidelis, Gray, Miill., Rve., Pfr.,= H. Kuttallic nn, Rve., Trnsrh., 
 
 Gld. VANCt)rvER to Ouegon : — Puget Sound,Colunibia River, U. S. E. E.; 
 Esquimault Harb., Lord; Umpqua Valley, Or., and Sar Francisco, yew- 
 berry; Be Fuca, Gibbs ; Oregon City, Sfiuniard; Ft. Steilacoom, Utickley. 
 
 20. Helix {Aglaia) infumatu, Gld. San Francisco, Bigelmc. 
 
 21. Helix {Arianta) anosa, (^Id., =H. aruyinosa, Gld. (nom. preoc). Oregon, 
 
 California : — San Francisco, Biytlow, Satmuls; I'etaluma and Columbia 
 River, yewberry. 
 
 22. Helix {Arianta) Townsendiana, Lea, Trosch., Rve., Pfr., CtiXA.,-^- H. pedestrii 
 
 -\-nnda, Gld. Oregon and California: — Wahlamat River, yuttall, 
 Tmcnsend, U. S. E. E.'; Nisqually, Dyes.; Puget Sound, K<nncrlet/. 
 
 23. Helix {Arianta) tudicidata, Bin Washington Territory to California: 
 
 — San Diego, yeicberry. 
 
 24. Helix {Arianta) yicklimana,Jjea,, = H. Calif or nien sis, Rve., Pfr. (non Lea), 
 
 =//. arboretoruni+nemorivaffa, Val. — Var. =//. annehorefn,Timn. "Widely 
 distributed, but solitary," Thompson. California : — Sacramento River, 
 U. S. E. E. ; San Francisco, Bigeloic ; Tomales, yetcberry. 
 
 25. Helix {Arianta) redimita, Binn. (jun.),^2f. Nickliniana, var. Binn. (sen.). 
 
 California. 
 
 * In the Check-Lict of Dec. 9th, sportella does not appear. It is generally treated by 
 Mr. Binney as a small variety of Vancouverentis, with stronger radiatitig and spiral lines ; 
 bnt in the MSS. sent for pubUcation in this Report it takes rank as a species. Mr. Bland 
 considers the two identical; yet in Add. Gen. the form is thus divided: — " I her us {Cant' 
 pi/leea) sportella, in fam. HelicidcB," and " Discus Vancouveretms, in fam. Stenopirifs." 
 In Albers it is divided as " Macrocyclit nellicata," " M. rancoucerensis" and '^ Meli» 
 (Patula) sjaortella" 
 
€72 REPORT— 18C3. 
 
 26. Jleh'.r (Arianta) intercita, Binn. (jun.),= ff. yicldintana, var. Binn. (seii.}i 
 
 ()re^(tn. 
 t27. Hdir {Ariontd) exarata, Pfr. California. 
 t28. Helir (Arianta) reticnUita, I'fr. C'alifnrnift. 
 +20. Helix (Arianta) ratnentosa, Old. Calilornia, Xitccomh. 
 t.'iO. Helix (Arianta) AyresiatM, Newc. Northern Oregon. 
 t.'U. Helix (Arianta) Uridi/esii, Newc. San Pablo, (California, Xeweomb. 
 t-52. Helix (Arianta) C'd/yx'/i^m, Newc. Tulare Valley, California. iSot Carpeti- 
 
 teriana, Bland ; Florida.] 
 33. Helix (Arianta) Calif or niensis, Lea, Trosch., Dekay (non auct.),=s/r. vincta, 
 
 Val., Rve., Pfr. California : — Interior of Cal, C f>. E. E. ; Monterey, Ives. 
 t34. HelLt (Arianta) Mormonum, Plr. Mormon Is., California. 
 35. Helir (Arianta) DupttithottarsiyDnsh., Rve., Pfr., -|- H. 0/Y(/o/(/'w.«>, Trosch., 
 
 Dekay, Pfr. Washington Tkrritohy to California. Interior of (.'al., 
 
 U. S. E. E. ; Pu<rei|Sound, Di/cs. ; Klamath Lake and Benicia, Xetcberry; 
 
 Tulan Lake, Cal. ; Monterey, Troubridye ; San Diego, Ives. 
 t30. Hi'lix (Arianta) Traskii, Newc. Los Angelos, California, Nnccomb. 
 
 37. Helix (Arianta) Kellettii, Fbs., Rve., Ptr. Sta. Barbara, Kellett and Wood ; 
 
 San Diego, teste Gould. 
 
 38. Helir (Arianta) Pandora, Fbs., Rve., Pfr.,=ff. damascenus, Gld. Sta. Bar- 
 
 bara, Kellett and Wood; Desert Ea.it of California, Mus. Newcomb. 
 
 39. Helir (Arianta) levis, Pfr., + var. /3. Columbia River. 
 
 40. Helir (Eiiparypha) areolata, Sby., Pfr., Phil.. live.,+vars. /3. y. PENINSULA 
 
 OF Lower California. [Margarita Bar, Pease.*] 
 t41. Columna (Hhodea) Californica, Pfr. [^Achatina, Pfr., Rve.] 
 
 Subfam. Orthalicina: 
 
 42. Bulimulvs (Liostraeus [not Leiostraca, Add.]) Zieyleri,Vir. Mazatlan. i?<')y/en. 
 [t43. BuUmulm MexicanusX, Lam., Deless., Pfr., Rve. (non \' al.), = Cochloyena 
 vitiata. Fer. Mazatlan, Peii/en.] 
 
 44. Bidimidus (Mesembrinus) pal/idior, Shy.,=B. reyefiis, Gld., teste Cum., Binn. 
 
 San Diego to Cape St. Lucas : — C. S. Lucas, Xantus. 
 
 45. Btdinndus (Jlesevihrinus) excekus, Gld. (text) ,= B . elatm, Gld. (fig.). San 
 
 Diego to Cape St. Lucas : — C. S. Lucas, Xantus. 
 
 46. Bulimulus ( Mesembrinus) inscendens,]l>mu. Lower California : — Margarita 
 
 Bay, and C. S. Lucas, Xantus. 
 t47. Bulimulus ( Thaumastus) Calif or niciis, Rve. 
 t48. Bulimulus (? Monntis)suJiatus,Gld.,=B. re«»ca/M,Gld. (nom. preoc). Lower 
 
 California. 
 
 49. Bulimulus (? Jformuii) pt'hdn, Binn. Lower California: — Todos Santoa 
 
 Mission, Margarita Is., Xantus. 
 
 50. Bulimulus (Sct<fa'us) proteus, Brod. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. 
 
 51. Bulimulus (Sctdalus) Xantusi, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. 
 
 52. Bulimubis (Peronceus [non Peroncea, Polij) artemisia, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, 
 
 Xantus. 
 
 53. Orthalicus (Orthxilieus) zebra, 'SlvW., Pfr. Mazatlan, 2?cj<7e». "i Also Eastern 
 536. Orthalicus (Orthalicus) wulatus, Fi&i., Ftr. ^ "Mazatlan." j slope. 
 
 Subfam. Pupitue, 
 
 t54. Pupa (Pupilla) BotceUii, Newc. San Francisco, Powell. 
 t55. P^ipa (Pupilla) Californica, Row. San Francisco, RoweU. 
 56. Pupa (LeucochUa) chordata, Pfr. Cinaloa, Mexico. 
 
 * See also Dr. Newcomb's new species, tabulated in pp. 609, 6-33. 
 
 X Included among the doubtful species by Mr. Binney ; but the shell so named in the 
 Maz. Cat., no. 234 (perhaps erroneously), was certainly found on opening the Mazatlan 
 boxes by Mr. Archer. 
 
 § Mr. Binney follows Pfr., in his later works, in separating these ? varieties. The sheila 
 in the Beigen Collection were clearly conspecific. Vide Maz. Cat., no. 232. 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 673 
 
 SuLfam. Succinitue. 
 
 t57. Sueeitua* (Stieeinea) Hawkinsi, Baird. British Columbia, Lord. 
 t->*<. Stwcinea (Siwcinea) cinyuhta, F'os. Mazatlan, KAlett and Woud. 
 51). Succinea (Succinea) rusficana, (Hi. Ohkoon and Califohnia : — Oregon, 
 
 (7. S. E. E.; Ocogo Creek, California, William.v>n. 
 (K). Suecinea (Succinea) Nttttalliana, Lea. " Scarcely ditiera from S.ovnlis, Hudson 
 River," Gld. Oregon and California : — Lewis's River, Or., Nuttall ; In- 
 terior of Ore^., U. S. E. E.; Wrij?ht'8 Lake, Ilhell's Lake, Cal., Xeicbern/. 
 Qi, Succinea (Succinea) Oreffoneiisui, hea. "lip9enMeaS.aHrea,"(ild. Oukgon 
 AND California : — Oregon, Nuttall. San Francisco, Rou:eU. 
 
 Subfam. Limacina. 
 C2. Limax X (Amalia) Colnmbiamis, Gld. Piokt SorxD to San Francisco : — 
 I'liget Sound, f/. S. E. E., Dyes ; Oregon City and Cape Flatten,-, Wil- 
 Uamaon ; San Francisco and Port 0.xford, Trowbi-idye ; Nisqually, Case. 
 
 Fam. Arionidte. 
 Subfam. ArionintP. 
 
 63. Arion (Lochea) foliolatus, Gld. Puget Sound, U. S. E. E., Pickering. 
 
 Subfam. Zmitiixp. 
 
 64. Zonites § (uE(jopis) culteUata, Thoms. " Closely resembles the Dalmatian H. 
 
 albanica and acies." Contra Costa Co., Cal., common, Thomson. 
 
 Fam. Onchidiada. 
 
 65. Onchidium Carpentcri, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. 
 
 Limnophila. Fam. Auriculid<e. 
 Subfam. Melampina. 
 
 66. Melampvs ohvaceia, Cpr. San Dieqo to Mazatlan : — ^fazatlan, Betgen ; 
 
 San Diprro, Blake, Cooper. 
 
 67. Pedipex lirata, Binn. Lower California : — C. S. Lucas, Xantus ; San Diego, 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 Fam. Limn(pid<e. 
 
 Subfam. Limnennce. 
 
 68. Limn(pa (Limntea) stagnalis, hmn., + L. jugularis, Sav, Hala , De Kay, Kiist., 
 
 Binn. (lstlist),4-i. rt/)/>res«a, Say, IIald.,De Kay, Kuat., C. B. Ad.. + -£. »}>e- 
 ciosa, Ziegl. Europe, Asia, America : — RhettLake, California, Newberry ; 
 Ruby Valley and S. Utah, Captain Sitnpson. Fort Simpson and Hudson's 
 Bay, common; throuirhout British America and northern tier of U. S., 
 from Vermont to Pacific, teste Binn. [Var.=/r. frayilis, Linn., teste 
 Hani., Ips. Linn. Conch, p. .385 ; non Rve., Binn. (1st list)/) 
 
 6n. Limneea (LinvuBa) lejiida, CJld. Lake Vancouver, U. S. E. E. 
 
 70. LimncBa (Limnojihysa) rtfli'xa, Say, Hald., De Kav, Kiist., +Z. elongaia, Say, 
 Z. umbrosa, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist., +Z. e.nlis+L. Haydeni, Lea. San 
 Francisco, Powell. Also throuf^h British America and northern tier of 
 States from New York to Pacific ; teste Binn. 
 +71. Limneea (Limnophysa) Sumassii, Baird ||. 
 
 * So great is the difficulty of ascertaining (even approximately) the specific relations of 
 Siiccinem without a comparison at least of single specimens, that Mr. Binney considers it 
 safest, until series have been examined, simply to quote the species which have been de- 
 scribed by other authors. He has followed the same course with Ancylus, and for the 
 same reason. 
 
 X " Has a pore. Why not Arion ? " — Binney, in MS. hst. 
 
 § This appears among " doubtful species " in the MS., but is printed in the text of 
 the Clieck-List. 
 
 II Probably a variety of ^a?tts/n.?=iVK?i'a//(a»a, Lea. British authors hare ns yet bad 
 but poor opportunities of studying typieallv-nained American freshwater Pulmonatis, 
 
 1863. j^'g 
 
C74 REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 72. Limntpn ( Limnopht/^n) paluitfn», Miill. et auct.,s= Z. fra//i7h ("as of T.inn.), TT.i^3., 
 
 l>f Kav, liinn. (Ist list), Kve. (ho(lie). [ Non Linn., teite Hani, in Ijh. Lnin. 
 Conch!, p. .•W.")l. +Z. e/w/M, 8av, Old.. C. B. Ad., Kust.,+Z. Xnftol- 
 liann, Lea, Kiist., ■'-\-L. plebeia, did. , -\-L. ej-patmt. lltM., Ih' Kiiy, l\ii.«*. 
 KoRTHi.R.v Ei'RoPK, Asi.v AND Amf.hua : — Citliimbia I!iv»'r, Xntfti/l; 
 Pup:et Sound, Kennerle;/; Klamath I^ake and Summer I^al.e, Or; Ith^tt 
 Lake and Wrifrht's Lake, Cal., iVftf/wrn/ : Cl»'ar Lake, Cal., i'*<itch ; San 
 Francisco, Rowell; Monterey, CanfieUl; Porcupine and Yuckron UivtT^, IIiis. 
 America, Kennicott. Also from Pennsylvania westward to Pacific, and from 
 thi.s line northwards, wherever searched, even to interior of Uussian Ame- 
 rica; teste }5inn. 
 
 73. Limiuea (Limnophyaa) proximo, Lea. San Francisco, Cooper. Arroya Sau 
 
 Antonio, Trask. 
 
 74. Lvnnep(i{Limnophi/m)etnm-(/inftfn, Say, TTald.. De Kav, K.ist.,^Z. Onf<ini-nxis, 
 
 Muhlf., Kiist.,+i. serraia, Ilald. "Nkw Enoland to Washington Ter- 
 ritory. 
 
 75. LimnfPti (Limnnph/xd) cata'copiinn, Say.TIald., Old., Pe Kay, ^Irs. GriT Pot. 
 
 & Mich., Klist.,-!-^- /'««'/«««, Say (non iJohm), =//. Viri/i'iiinna. liam.. Desli., 
 Deless., = Z. cornea, \'al., = L. sericafa, Ziefrl. New Exgla:»D TO 
 Lewis Kiver, and throuoh Hritish AMEnicA ; teste Binn. 
 
 76. Limntea {Litnnophym) Adelitife, Tryon. San Francisco. 
 
 77. Limntea { Limnopfn/sn) Traskii, Tryon. Mountain Lake. California. 
 
 78. Limneea (Limnophysa ) pallida, C. B. Ad., Ilald., De Kay. San Francisco, 
 
 Jioicell; San Antonio Arroya, teste Lea. 
 
 79. Limnaa { Limnophjfsa) bulimoides. Lea, Hald., De Kay. Fort Vancouver. 
 
 San Francisco, liowell. Also Eastern States. (Check-List.) 
 
 80. Limneea {Limnophysa) solida, Lea, Ilald., De Kay,+i. apivina, Lea, Kiist. 
 
 Ore<,mn. Al- o Eastern States. (Check- List.) 
 
 81. Limneea {Limnophysa) ferruyinea, Ilald., De Kay. Oregon. 
 
 82. Ponipholyx effusa, Lea, Add. I'itt Kiver, Neicherry; Sacramento River, 
 
 teste Lea. 
 
 83. P/ii/sa (Phi/sa) Lordi, Baird. British Columbia, Lord; east of Fort Colvillo, 
 
 W. T., Am. K P. B. Surv. 
 
 84. Physa (I'liysu) yyrina. Say, De Kay, Kiist., C. B. Ad., Ilald. ,= PA. elliptica, 
 
 Lea, De Kay, -|- PA. cylindrica, De Kay,-(-P/). Hi drethiana. Lea. Wash- 
 ington Territory, Captain Simpson ; San Francisco, Powell. 
 
 85. Physa (Physa) ampullacea, Gld.,=P/i. bullnta, Gld. (non Pgt. & Mich.). 
 
 Oregon, Cooper ; akes Rhett and Upper Klamath, Newberry. 
 
 86. Physa (Physa) Gubbii, Tryon. Sta. Aiia Iliv., Angelos Co. Also Mountain 
 
 Lake, California. 
 
 87. Physa (Physa) heterostropha, Sav, Gould, C. B. Ad., Desh., Kiist., De Kay, 
 
 Mrs. Gray, Pot. & Mich., I^aton,-|-PA. funiana, IIaM.,-|-7V(. eylindrica, 
 Newc.j-fPA. attrea, Lea, De Kay,+Ph. plicala, +I'h. ylabra, De Kay, -\-Ph. 
 oscidans. Hald. (part),-|-PA. striata,-\- Ph. suharata, Mke.,-j-7^/>. Charpentieri, 
 ■^Ph. Philli/rii, Kiist., -f- Ph. eUiptica, -|- Ph. inflata, Le&.^Pidla crnssula, 
 Dilhv., =:B. fonfinalis, Chemn., Schroter,= Cochlea neritoides, List. North 
 America, passim: — Chiloncynck, A«jwm7cv ; Hell Gate River, Newberry; 
 San Francisco and Washington Territory, Cooper; Los Angeles, teste Le.i. 
 Also from Texas to British America and Arctic regions, and from Atlantic 
 to Pacific, teste Binn. 
 t88. Physa (Physa) costata, Xewc. Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch. 
 
 89. Physa (Physa) viryinea, Gld. San Francisco, Poicell. 
 
 90. Physa (Physa) humerosa, Gld. Rio Colorado, WiUamson ; San Diego. P. R. P. E. 
 
 91. Physa (Physa) viryata, Gld. San Diego, Webb; Los Angelos ; Cal. Ai. M. S. 
 
 several of which are perhaps but modifications of circumboreal species which have been 
 already traced to Eastern Asia. Even the series in Mus. Cum. are far from being accurate 
 or complete. The inflexible rules of the British Museum have not yet allowed a single 
 Buecimeu of Dr. Baird's species to be transmitted to America, even for comparison. 
 
 160 
 
ON" VOT.T.rSCA OF mT. WTr«!T rOA<!T OF N'ORTH AMERICA. R75 
 
 92. Phi/na (I'/it/sa) tritin-a, Lt-a, I.inn. MSS.* Colilbrnia, Cooper. 
 
 \iV,. I'htffa (Physn) courtlier, I laid. Oieuon. 
 
 U4. UiiIiihik\ (Jii'litiiis> mirantiii*. Cpr. IssApfexa, auct. : r. Maz. Cat. p. l."0",:» 
 I'h. Prniti'iiia, Mke. iion D'Uib.]. Maziitian, lieiyiH. 
 
 Wi. Biilunm ( HiilinuK) fliifiin, (ilcl. Mazatliin, Ih'iijfm. 
 
 UU. liiiliiiii* (Biiliniis) hu/'iionim. Linn., Ifald.. (J. H. Ad., Chfn. et 8nft.,= P'i. 
 elonijiita, Srv, (ild.. !)•• Kny,^ Ph. <'limf/fi(ina, Lcwi.s. NnnTHKriN Kiitoi'i-, 
 Asia, Amkhica. Pu^'et Sound, C'o'^/)«r; common at junctidn of ^ iikmn 
 and Porcupine Rivers, Kuss. Amer., Keimicott. Throu^'ii Hrit. aud liu»d, 
 America, aud from Kansas to Washington, D. C; teste Binn. 
 
 Subfiim. Planorbitup, 
 
 97. PlannrMs (PInnorbis) subrrnxUm^, Upr. Oregron, Xuttall. [PPuget Sound, 
 
 Keiniertei/. 1 
 
 98. Ptaiinrfns (Planorbi*) tiimeiht, Cpr.. = 7'. tenaffopht'la, Mkp. (non I)'r)rb.),= P, 
 
 ajluis, Cpr. [Cat. Prov., non C. B. Ad.l Mazatlau, Melcherg, Iteiyeu. tian 
 Francisco, Cooper ; Petaluina, teste Gld. 
 
 99. Ilnnnrhi.s ( Pldtiorbis) vermicxluris, (jld. 
 
 100. Piaititihi-s (Ilelisoina) amjuonj lid., =z P. Traskfi, Lea. Klamath Lake, Or. 
 
 and lihett Lake. Cal., .AV«-6'';v_v. Oconro Creek, Cal., IVilUamson : Korn 
 
 Lak>', Cal., Cooper; Monterey Co., Trask ; Lagoons, Sacramento Valley, 
 
 teste Ijea. 
 lOL Plaiiorbis (JMisoynn) corpuhiifiiit. Say, Ilald., De Kay, ftld., Clienn, =P. tri- 
 
 vn/m (par.*), I'. Ji. Ad. Columliia liiver, abundant, U. S. E. E. Also 
 
 Eastera States. 
 
 102. P/anorbis (JMuoma) trivo/rh. Say, De Kay, Cild., Hald., C. B. Ad., Kii.«t.. Pot. 
 
 & Mich., EiiUm = liiil/ajliniatili.s, Say, -{-PI. regularis,heA,-{- PL infiiasii.tiia 
 -^Phy^n phiinrbula, 1)" Kay,-)-/*/. macrogtonin.i-\- PL corpii/eiifi/.<t.W'h\lt-it\e^, 
 -\- PL lentut, (jld. ,+ /*/. tricolcis, \as. falla.v, Hald.,= Coc-hlmt rii'm-orb.'r.m^ 
 I.iister, Petiver. Pufret Sd., Campbell; Wrij^ht's Lake, Cal., Neirberry : i-'t. 
 Vancouver, Cooper]; San Francisco, Powell: S. Dieofo ; Mus. Sniith.«. ; Ilora 
 1/ake, teste Lea. Probably extends over whole continent, teste Binn. 
 
 103. PliimtrbU {Menetiis) o/ierciilaris, (Tld.,= P. planulatus, Coop. S. Francisco, f/^ S. 
 
 Expl. Erp. ; Whidbv's Is., Cal., Cooper. 
 
 104. Carinife.rW Xewl>erryi,LeB.. Klamath Lake and Canoe Creek, CaL,iN<M:ierry; 
 
 Clear Lake, Cal., Veatvh. 
 
 Subfam. Ancylinte. 
 
 10.5. Ancyliis Kewberryi, I^ea. Klamath Lake. Kewberry. 
 tlOG. ^«cy/M? «-rt**fW,"lIald. "W." [Check-Liat.] 
 
 107. Ancy' 
 
 108. Ancj, 
 
 Mus. Smith. 
 flOO. Ancylm Kootaniemui, Baird. Brit Columbia, Lord. 
 
 110. Ancylm frniiilis, Trvou. " W-"' [Check-List.] 
 
 111. Acnilo.vifi XiMulli, llald. [ VellHia N., Binn. in list. May 4th.] Oregon, Xidt, 
 
 112. GunfUachia Californica, Rowell. 
 
 * So in first printed list and in two MSS. ; but in Check-List of Dec. 9, Ph. Troos- 
 iiann. Lea, is assigned to the West, instead of this species. The MSS. nr ■ probably 
 correct. 
 
 X Xon Bttlinus, Sby., of!m,= Bulimus, auct. However clearly Bulinui, Binn., may be 
 right according to tlie antiquaries, it is far too like Bulimu-i, which has taken coinpl'te 
 possession of the entire malacological world, to be allowed a resurrection in the same 
 order. Surely burial for a given number of years ought to be allowed as evidence of 
 death, especially if the infant-nume scarcely even breathed the air of use, and its resur- 
 rection would breed malaria among terms thriving in the vigorous manhood of uaivei-sal 
 acceptance. 
 
 § It is quite possible that this may prove a very finely grown specimen of P. len'tu. Dr. 
 Kennerley's shells are intcrmediflte. 
 
 H Thus in Check-Li«t, Dec. 9th. In that of Maj 4th, it appeal's as Planorbis y.; in the 
 Ms. list «& Carinijtua, 
 
 11 - 1«^ 
 
 cylu^ caurinus, Coop. California, Coo/)er. 
 
 cybts pntflloides, Lea. S. Francisco, Cooper ; Arroya, San Antonio, Ct.1., 
 
676 REPORT— 18G3. 
 
 Suborder Tualassopuila. 
 Fam. Siphonariadce. 
 
 tll3. SipJionaria Ucanium, Vh'il. : [\sur.= S. maura, Sby Var. /w/wa/a, Cpr., U 
 
 fossibly distinct. Mazatlan, £. £. Philippi, Jieiyen ; Acapulco, Jeicttt ; 
 'ape 1st. Lucas, Xantns.l 
 tll4. Siplwnaria aquilirata, Cpr.,[= S. (pqriilorata, Rve. Mazatlan, Jieiyen; C. S> 
 
 Lucas, Xuntm ; Marfrarita Bay, very tine, teste Fea8e.'\ 
 1115. ^Hiphonaria thersites, Cpr, Neeah Bay, 8ican.'\ 
 
 Doubtful, spurious, and extralimital species : — 
 
 Helic as/term, Miill. " Sta. Barbara," Kellett and Wood. [Impovted.] 
 
 Heliv arbustonim, Linn. 
 
 lleliv ISaqraiatia, D'Orb. [Certainly Cuban.] 
 
 Jlelur " Sa}idie(/oemis, Lea.^' Gld., P. 11. R., toL V. p. 331, " No such sp. ia- 
 
 scribed," teste Binney. 
 Helix i)erei/rina, Boso. 
 liidimus Iluviboldti, Rve. ?" Mazatlan," 
 £idi))ius Laurentii, iShy, "Sitka:" probably Sitcba in San Salvador, teate 
 
 Bitmey. 
 Milania [BtditnuJi] stnata, Perry. [ Vide anted, p. 520.] 
 Si'cciiiea aj>erta, Lea,= <S'. rotvndata, (ild. Sandwich Is., U. S. Expl. Exp, 
 \Physa Maiiyerice, Gray, teste Woodward, 3Ianual, p. 171 ; but probably equt- 
 
 torial S. America. 
 ^Siphonnria amara, [Nutt. Admitted into the list by Mr. Binney, on the autho- 
 
 ritv of Kve., as ot Nutt. ; but it lives on the Sandwich Is. ; teste Pease, Xeic- 
 
 coinb, U. S. E. E.]. 
 
 116. The Smithsonian Institution has lately issued a " Descriptive Cata- 
 logue of the species of Amnirola, Viiipara, Bifhi/nia, VaJvatc, and Ampiil- 
 laria" by Mr. W. (t. Binney. It is abundantly illustrated with ouiline- 
 froodcuto, and cortains the synonymy corrected from all the accessible types. 
 Dr. Stimpson is at present engaged in dissecting the molluscs ; but none of 
 his investigations have yet been published. The following is a resume of the 
 West Coast species, from a proof kindly furnished by the author. 
 
 Page. Fig. 
 4. Amnicola hnyinqtia, Gld., Bost. Proc. v. 130. Colorado Desert, Bhtle. 
 
 6. 6. .4»/«jV((/fl;)ro/ea,(Tld., Bost. Proc. v. 129. Colorado Desert, B/<ike, Jl'ibb. 
 
 12. 45. Vivipara,ljiim.,= P<diidina,Ijam. [This genus, so fine and plentiful east 
 of the Rockv Mountains, does not appear on the west.] 
 
 44. „ PahuUna NtdtuUiatut, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vi. p. 101, pi. 23. f. 1C9, 
 [In text. In later manuscript list, this name appears as a synonym of] 
 FluminicoJa (Stimps., MS.) XuttaUii, lje&, = Amnicola Nuttalliaua. Cp., 
 Minn. Rep. p. 374, = Lept xis Nidtallii, Ilald., — Anadosiis XuttaUii, Rve. 
 ?-\-Paludina seniiiinlis, lids. (p. 4(5, f. 81 ). [?+P. Hindmi, Baird.] Cc- 
 lumbia River, Xvttall, Cooper ; Upper des Chutes Riv. and Klamath 
 Lake, Or., A>Mfteny ; Roques R., Or. ; Sacramento I*., Hinds; Brit. 
 Columbia, Lord; Canoe Creek and Pitt River, Cal., Xewberry. 
 
 46, 80. Bilhinia uuclea. Lea, = Paliidiiia n., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vi. p. 91, pi. 23. 
 f. 103 [in text. In later MS. list, appears as synonym of] Flmmnicola 
 iiVr««, Lea (Pahidina v., Lea; Lepfoxis v.,\\e\A.),-\- Paludina M«^c/ea,Lea. 
 "^'ahlamat River, Oregon, Xidtall [WiUamette, MS. list]. 
 
 The following are added by Mr, Binney in his later MS. list : — 
 
 Vuhata vi} ens, Trion. Clear Lake, Calif. [The Smithsonian duplicates have 
 been unfortunatelv distributed under the name " F.sj«c«-«, Say." which had 
 been previously given to the specimens, and under which thej" are quoted in 
 the Check-Li&t af 1800, no. 450, According to Mr, B,, V. aincera is " Uk» 
 
 162 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 677 
 
 ecarinate forms of J', fricarhiata, Say," to which the Clear Lake specimena 
 
 bfftr but elijiht resemblance,] 
 Fomatiopsis Binntyi, Tryon. 
 Flutninicola fuaca, Ilald. {Leptoxis f.). Shores of Lake Utah, Capt. Burton. 
 
 117. Of the West Coast species of Melaniadae we are unable to offer any 
 list embracing the sj-nonymy, as the materials are at present in the hands of 
 Mr. Tryon for elimination, and his labours are not yet sufficiently advanced 
 to furnish a report. His Manual of the North American Melaniadae will be 
 publijslied by the Smithsonian Institution. The animals of many species have 
 already been dissected by Dr. Stimpson *. It is unfortunate that in the two 
 most important branches of North American freshwater molluscs, the Ik[e- 
 laniadcC and the Unionida;, there exists a radical difference of opinion between 
 the leading writers, which has sometimes assumed the appearance of per- 
 sonal animosity. Malacologists east of the Atlantic, unwilling to become 
 partisans when the leading nomenclators of the rival schools are equally 
 honoured, have to a great extent declined to pay attention to the unexhausted 
 riches of the American waters, regarding any settlement of the disputed 
 points as hopeless. Dr. Isaac Lea, who has spared no expense in illustrating 
 his publications of the results of a life-long study, follows the restrictions 
 on the piiority-rule allowed by the British Association Committee. Other 
 writers, however, claim a certainty in identifying the supposed species of 
 llafinesque and other similarly inaccurate authors, which would be considered 
 by most English naturalists as not warranted by the few loose words of de- 
 scription given. It would be well if the student were pennitted to start from 
 the first carefully ascertained landmark, rather than from the defaced tracks 
 of the first hunter. 
 
 In the Check-List of North- American Flu\-iatile G. steropcds, published by 
 the Smithsonian Institution, June 1860, which contains th*> names of 405 
 (supposed) species oi Mtlania, Lit/utsia, Gyrotoma,Lejjtoxis, and Jo, Mr.Binney 
 assigns the following eleven to the West Coast. None of them are accredited 
 to the eastern division. 
 
 4.3. Mehnia hdhosa, Gld. 
 104. Melanin exigva, Conr. 
 1(K>. Melania Menkeana, Lesu 
 174. Melania Newbern/i, Lea. 
 177. Melania nigrina, Lea. Clear Creek, 
 
 Shasta Co. 
 211. Melania plicifera, Lea. 
 
 242. Melania Shasta'ensis, Lea, Shasta 
 
 and Scott Rivers, 
 
 243. Melania silicula, Gld. [ = M. plici- 
 
 fera, small var., teste Lea.] 
 29G. Melania Wahlamatensis, Lea. 
 207. Melania Warderiana, Lea, 
 300, Melania fusca, liald. 
 
 118, Dr. Lea's Check-List of the UnionidTe (J'lne 1860), after eliminating 
 synonjTns, assigns to America, north of Mi xico, no fewer than 552 species 
 of Unio, Margaritana, and Anodonta. The type-specimens of the species 
 described by Dr. Gould from the United States Exploring Expedition were 
 submitted to Dr. Lea's inspection, and confirmed his previous opinion that 
 they were varieties of those before known. The U. famelicus, Gld., he pro- 
 nounced to be a South-American shell ; but it appears, without note, in the 
 Check List, no. 133, probably by oversight. The only widely diffused species 
 is the long-famed " pearl-mussel " of the Conway and other British streams. 
 The following seven are accredited to the Pacific coast : — 
 
 » See his very interesting and important paper " On the structural Cliaracters of the so- 
 called Meianians of North America," in the ' American Journal of Science,' vol. xxxviii., 
 July 18(i4, pp. 41 -.%;{. It apix-ars that the sexual system is quite distinct from that of the 
 ordinary Ctenobranchiate Gaslcro^joda, and approaches the C'yclobranchiates, 
 
 163 
 
678 REPouT— 18G3. 
 
 464. yinrtj(ir)t(iiia maryariliferu, Lea. 
 
 [Liiiii. j 
 494. Anmloida ani/tilata, Lea. 
 
 409. Anodonfa Cnh'fimn'rmi-i, Leftt 
 Ml. Anodonfa XiittalUana, Lea. 
 0.S4. Anodonta Orecioncnsu, Lea. 
 55L Anodonta WahUtmtttensis, Lea. 
 
 Besides these, 'MS species of Unio and Anodonta are assigned to Mexico 
 and Central America in a separate list ; but no distinction is indicated be- 
 tween the Pacific and the Atlantic slope of the mountain-ranj^e. 
 
 119. At the request of the Smithsonian Institution, ilr. Temple Prime, ol 
 New York, well known for his special devotion to this department, has con- 
 sented to prepi re a Manual of the Cyrenidae inhabiting American waters. 
 All the accessibl ' materials from the West Coast are in his hands for exami- 
 nation. The first part of his " Monograph of the Species of ISjiIinrhim of 
 ]S'orth and South America" is printed in the • Proc. Ac. N. Sc. Phil.' 1861, 
 pjt. 4U2 et seq., and contains quotations of five species, nns. 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 
 with sjTionyniy, from Washington Ter., Oregon, and California. He has 
 kindly (in advance of his intended publications) furnished to Mr. W. G. Piin- 
 iiey the following MS. " Synopsis of the Corbiculidte of the West Coast of 
 North America,'' with liberty to publish in this Report. It is here condensed, 
 with synonyms and references, in the nomenclature of the writer. 
 
 3Ir. Prime's List of West North-American Corbiculidse* [Cyrenida?]. 
 
 1. Corhicidii conve.rn, Desh., V. Z. S. 1854, p. ?>42,= C. vfntricosa, Pr. MS. 31azatlan. 
 
 2. Cf/rena radiafn. Ilanl., P. Z. S. 1844, p. 159. Realejo. 
 
 X Cwena soUdn, Phil., Abbild. 1840, p. 78. pi. 15. f. 9. Nicaraorua : Px'lize. 
 
 4. Cyrma frimiffula, V. de Busch, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 78, pi. 2. f. :<,= C. tdtilis. Old., 
 
 Post. Pr. 18-")2, p. 4()0, pi. K!. f. 5 /«"«,= C. Me.vicana, pars, Maz. Cat., no. 1(35 
 
 (= C. variaiis, cat. prov.). Mazatlan. 
 6. Cyreiin /«-.;/,/*«, Desh., P. Z. S. 18.";4, p. 20 ; II. Conch. 1861, p. .".9, pi. 2. f. 2. 
 
 Calil'oniia. 
 
 6. Cyrena ulivacea, Cpr., Maz. Cat., no. 104,= C. Fontainei, Desh., MS. (nou D'Orb., 
 
 ' B. M. Cat. no. 25:?). ^[azatlan. 
 
 7. Cyrena acuta, Pr., 111. Conch. 18«)2, p. .387, pi. 14. f. 1. Centr. America. 
 
 8. Cyrena Mencann, Sby.,Zool. II. 1829, p. ."^Oi [Maz. Cat., no. 105= ]C larinns, 
 
 cat. prov. pars. + C. fragilis, Desh. MS. -\- C. (equilateralis, Desh., I'. Z. S. 
 1854, p. 20. Mazatlan. 
 
 9. 0/rr«« Californica, Pr., Proc. A. N. S. Phil. 1800, p. 270,= C. subquadrata, 
 
 ■ Desh.. P.'Z. S. 1854, p. 21 (nom. preoc). Cnliforma. 
 
 10. Cyrena Pnnamensis, Pr., Proc. A. N. S. Phil. 1800, p. 283, = C. iiijiata, Desh., 
 
 P. Z. S. 1854, p. 2.3 (nom. preoc). Panama. 
 
 11. Cyrena Recluzii, Pr.,= C. cnrdiformis, Reel., II. Conch. 1853, p. 251, pi. 7. f. 9 
 
 (nom. preoc). Centr. America. 
 
 12. Cyrena Ctimingii, Desh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 22. Centr. America. 
 
 13. Cyrena tvmida, Pr.,= (?. angiilata, Desh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 22 (nom. preoc). 
 
 Centr. America. 
 
 14. Cyrena pnlla^tra, Miirch, Mai. Bl. 1800, p. 194. Realejo. 
 
 15. Ci/rena marifima, C. B. Ad., Pan. Sh., no. 451. Panama. 
 
 16. Cyrena mrdida, Hani, P. Z. S. 1844, p. 159. Central America. 
 
 17. SphcBrimn ^nrtw/ZM/^re. Say (Cvc/«« ^), New Flarm.Dissem. 1829, p..356. Mexico. 
 
 18. Upheerium striatininn, Lam. (Cyrlas «.), An. s. Vert. vol. v. p. 600, i818,= C.eden- 
 
 tvla, Say, loc.cit. p. 2,= C. mrnea (Lata.). C. B. Ad., Cat., 1847,=- T. a/hida, 
 I'r., Bost. Proc. 1851, p. 155, -|- C. tennttifiata, Pr., p. 156, + C. uoiminala, 
 Pr.. p. 1.58,+ C inornata,Vr.,-\-C. simpler, Pt.,-\-C. modesta,Vr.,Y>.\'A). Hub. 
 N. 1 ork to Alabama, Connecticut to Illinois ; Hell-gate River, W. T. 
 
 19. Spheeriumdentatum,Ha.\d.{Cyclas d.),Pioc. A. N.S.Vhil 1841, p. 100. Oregon. 
 
 • The name Corhieu'tt, harins been first given to a «})eoie8. and being itself a diminu- 
 tive, is scarcely filled to displace long-used generic appellaiious iu marling the t'amilj- 
 
 164 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST C3AST OF NORTH AMERICA. 679 
 
 20. Sphfrrinm occidentale, Pr.. Proc. A. N. S. Phil. 18fiO, p. •2!1.'>, = C. oralii, Pr., 
 
 liost. Proc. l8o2, p. 27(5 (noin. pieoc.), = ' Sph. ora/f/.Stn.." \M. (4f>n. vol. ii. 
 
 f. 450. Hub. New York to Georgia : Vermont to Wiscoii.sio : ILjll-gate 
 liver, W. T. 
 
 21. Sphcprinm twbile, Gld. (Cuclas n.), Boat. Proc. 1855, p. 229 TOtia, p. 2181. San 
 
 Pedro, Webb. r . r . 
 
 22. Sp/uerinm patella, Gld. (Ci/clasp.), Bost. Proc. 1850, p. 292 [Otia, p 80: E. E. 
 
 Moll. f. 527, tvpe not returned to S. I.] Orejron. 
 
 23. SplifPrixm Spokan't, Baird [P. Z. S. 1803, p. GO, f. 12. 13 : anfea, p. fiOo\ B. Co\ 
 
 24. ^phceriiim tttmidinn, Baird [P. Z. S. 1803. p. (59, f. 11 : antfit, p. 005 \' B. Col. 
 
 25. Sphferiinn meridionale, Pr., Proc. Ac. N. S. I'hil. 1801, p. 414. I'aiiania : Mud. 
 
 I'rime. 
 20. Sphariinn Itnticula, Gld. (Liicina * I.), Bost. Proc. 1850, p. 250. California. 
 
 27. Sp/ufriinn subtransversum, Pr., P. Z. S. 18()0, p. 322. Mexico. 
 
 28. Pmdinm abditum, llald. [?ubi]= ('yc/rtx miim; C. B. Ad. Bo<t.Proc. 1841. p 48, 
 
 = P. obscurum, Pr., Bo.st. Proc.'lSol, p. 101. + P. Kurfzii, Pr., p, lti2. -t-P. 
 zonatum, Pr.,p. 102, + P. regulare, Pr., Bost. II. vi. .303, pi. 12. f. 11-13. 1>!52, 
 + P. nofatum, Pr., Bost. II. vi. 305, pi. 12. f. 20-22, 1852, + P nmnhr.n + P 
 resartum, Injralls, MS.,+ P. rttbrum+P- plenum, Lewis, MS., +P. retmiim, 
 Pr., P. Z. S. 1859, p. 322. 
 
 29. Piiidiiim occidentale, Newc. [Proc Cal. Ac. Nat. So. 1801, p. 94\ San Fran- 
 
 cisco, Powell. 
 
 120. Of the tertiary fossils th. wing light on existing species no r.i^di- 
 tional information has yet been publi.shed. "We cannot but hope thut tLo 
 researches of Mr. Gabb, on the fossils collected by the Californiaii (Jeoloj;ical 
 Survey, will develope relations of great interest between the existing and 
 former conditions of the continent. The Astorian fossils doscvihcd by Mr. 
 Conrad from the U. S. Exploring Expedition (vol. x.. Geology, Philadelphia, 
 1849;, and tabulated in the first Report, p. 'M7, belong to the Smithsonian 
 Institution, but were not discovered there in 1800. All of them, however (in- 
 cluding the indeterminate species), are figured in the atlas of ]>lates. They 
 resemble the fossils of the Pacific Kailroad Expeditions in being very imper- 
 fect, for which reason the following criticisms may prove erroneous. The 
 general aspect of the collection betokens the Miocene period. 
 
 Ml/a abriipta, Conr., may be the young of Glycimeris getierosa, Gld. 
 
 Thrncia trapczoides, Conr., may be ciirfa, Conr. 
 
 iSolemi/a ventricosa, Conr., has the aspect of a large Laznria. 
 
 Tellina arctata, Conr., closely resembles Maoma, \ar. expatisa, 
 
 TMina emacerata, Conr., is ptiliaps Hoder/eiisis. lids. 
 
 Lucina acutilineata, Conr., appears to be borealis, Linn. 
 
 Cardita subtenta, Conr.,= Venericardia borealis, Cour. 
 
 Kuctda divaricata, Conr., = Acila castrensi^, lids. 
 
 Pectnnculus pattdus, Conr., may be sentoitrionalis, Midd. 
 
 Pectunculus nitens, Conr., resembles Psephis tantilla, Gld. 
 
 Pecteti pro/mtulus, Conr. A very fine specimen, enclosed in a large nodule 
 from Oregon, was presented to the Brit. Mus. by Mr. C. Pace. If nut identical 
 with Amusium caurintim, Gld., it is most closely allied, especially to the 
 Japanese form. 
 
 • Mr. Prime assigns no reason for changing Dr. Gould's Lucina into a Ci/clns, nor any 
 authority for " California." Ho was, perhaps, misled by the artist's engraved references to 
 tlie figures 528, a, h, where he has drawn a rule, referring to the Cyclades shove, insteiid of 
 writing Lu<:ina. It is assigned to "?Coast of Patagonia"' in 'Otia.' p. 03, and t) "?R. 
 Janeiro" in ' E. E. Moll.,' p. 414. In each place the shell is compared to an Af^arfe cr 
 Ctiprina, with Uteral teeth. The type was not returned to the Smithsonian Institution; 
 but the diagnosis sUtes that it is "chalky, thickened within t!ie deej) and jaggi'd pallial 
 hne, sculpture faint but decussated, and margin finely erenulated,"— charaetei-s mc ro con- 
 sistent with Lvetnn. ■. r. Mt/rtaa, than with Cyclaa. If the type cannot be recovered, per- 
 haps tlie specie* may be dropped, as il ie not the Lucina {Mj/riua) itnticula, Kve. 
 
 165 
 
680 BEroRT— 18C3. 
 
 TirrhraUiln nifnin, Conr., is very probably Waldhfimiapjdrinafa, G]dL 
 Jiullu jwtroxa. ( i)iir., has the shape of Tonuitina (wimia, Bd. 
 I'l epithila pioi-iipta, Conr., is certainly /;n'«tvy>s, Midd. 
 Tmritflln, sp. iiid., resembles Mvsalin lactcola. 
 
 ':l>oliiini pitnmim, Cour., resembles the youiifr of Prime nodosa, Chemn. 
 I'lisiDi (jf)tlcidi(s, Cour. A similar shell has just been taken at the Favallorit* 
 by iJr. Cooper. 
 
 121. To correct the general table of "MoUnsca of the "West Coast of N, 
 America" (First lU'iwrt, pp. 298-345), and the deductions founded upon it 
 (pp. 34()-3(J7), would involve the necessity of reprinting a considerable por- 
 ti )n. The student, being now in possession of all the known sources of 
 fresh information, can with his own pen strike out the spurious species, alter 
 the synonyms, insert the newly discovered forms, and make the requisite 
 corrections in the classiticd results. 
 
 122. With regard to the tropicf.l la ia, the rescaiches at Cape St. Lucas 
 and in the interior of the Gulf of C iifornia, though leaving much to be 
 desired, bear-out the g(Mieral conclusions arrivcd-at in paragraphs 78-87. 
 The evidence for the identity of specific forms on the Atlantic and Pacific sides 
 of Central America has been greatly confirmed. Dr. Gould writes, "The 
 doctrine of local limitations meets with so few apparent exceptions that we 
 admit it as an axiom in zoology that species strongly resembling each other, 
 derived from widely diverse localities, especially if a continent intervenes, 
 and if no known or plausible means of comuiunication can be assigned, 
 should be assumed as different until their identity can be proved {ride E. E. 
 3lloll. Intr. p. xi). Much study of living s])ecimens must be made before 
 the apparent exceptions can be brought under the rule."' It has, however, 
 to be borne in mind that the researches of modern geology clearly point to 
 considerable alterations in the existing configuiation of continents, and vu 
 the consequent direction of ocean-currents, during the ascertained ])eriod of 
 many species now living. Xor are we warranted in the belief that the 
 existing fauna in any locality has been created at i^ny one time, or has 
 radiated from any single s])Ot. To study the relation^ of living shells simply 
 in connexion v^th the existing map of the world must lead but to partial 
 result*;. The tacts accumulating with regard to the British species, by 
 tracing them through the northern drift (now found even on the Snowdonian 
 range), to the oldest crag deposits when Europe was contained in far different 
 boundaries, show how altered may have been the configuration of the ncAV 
 world when the oldest of its molluscs were first created. Coordinately with 
 the glacial period. Central America may have been a group of islands; co- 
 ordinately with the creation oi Sdxicava pholadis and (Jhri/sodomus cinliqituSj 
 the gulf-weed may have floated between the Kocky Mountains in the 
 archipelago of West America, and Japanese molluscs may have known how 
 to migrate to the Mediterranean shores. Dr. Gould's position may there- 
 fore be accepted in theory ; yet, in practice, the " imperfection of the geological 
 record"*, and even of uur knowledge of existing species and their variations, 
 demands that the greatest caution be exercised in building results on deduc- 
 tions from otir ignorance. Already the fossil M(dea rinijens of the Atlantic 
 has proved a " Rosetta Stone " to interpret the Cyprcpa exanthema, Pvrpura 
 jmtula, and other Caribbean shells of the Pacific ; and as the geology of the 
 West Coast advances, so may we expect to find traces of previous denizens of 
 
 • No student of geographical distribution should omit to weigh carefully the chapter 
 on this suhjrt't in Dai'ftiu's ' Origin of Species,' and the information given in L^ell's 
 ' Antiuuitv of Mao.' 
 
 166 
 
ON MOLT.rSCA OF THF 'WEST COAST OF NORTH AMF.RICA. C81 
 
 American waters, which have bequeathed some species now flouriishing, and 
 olbers dying-put, to the existing soas. The i)resent fuunfis ot West America 
 are perhajjs tlie most isolated on the surface of the globe ; yet, if we knew 
 the ancestry of each specific form, we might find some first api)earing with man 
 en this planet, others first living even in historic times, others tracing tlieir 
 descent from remote periods, and it may be very distant localities, in the ages 
 of the Miocene, possibly even of the Eocene oceans. These suppositions are 
 not set forth as theories, but simply to guard against interpretations ot fiicts 
 based on conclusions which may be only the results of our necessarily 
 imperfect information. 
 
 12;}. With regard to forms offering local peculiarities sufficient In dis- 
 tinguish them from correlative forms offering ecjual peculiarities in some other 
 ftiuna, we are by no means warranted in assuming that these have sprung 
 from different creations. If a race of men, migrating to a new continent, in 
 a very few generations, or even in the next, develope an essentially different 
 2>h>fsi</He, it is fair to conclude that molluscs, borne by a ch.ange of currents to 
 a distant region, or steadily migrating to the extreme limit of their con- 
 ditions of life, will also change their appearance. If the })ublication of the 
 " Darwinian Theory " has had no other effect, it has at least checked the pro- 
 pensity to announce " new species" for differences wliich may fairly be re- 
 garded as varietal. It must also be borne in mind, that if the views of Mr. 
 Darwin be only a theory, such also is the name recpiired for the prevalent 
 opinion of separate creations for all diverse forms. What indeed can we 
 possibly know of the mode of original creation of a single species ? We can 
 only prove that one or the other supposition best explains a certain class of 
 facts. It is not necessary for a working naturalist to commit himself to an 
 exclusive belief in either of these theories. He may perhaps best explain 
 some facts by the doctrine of separate creation, others by that of nat'.iral 
 selection. In either case it is his duty to trace-out, as far as p(jssible, the 
 limits as well as the powers of variation in every living form, and to guard 
 against seeing that only which accords with his prevailing belief. 
 
 124. The study of European shells, as they exist in Norway, in Britain, in 
 the Mediterranean, at the Canaries, or as they ai)pear at diflt rent deptlis 
 and stations in our own seas, still more as they occur in the widely separated 
 periods of the later and middle tertiary ages, is an excellent prei)aration for 
 the examination of either recent or fossil faunas in districts where our know- 
 ledge is fragmentarj' and unconfirmed. It may be safelj- stated that there are, 
 in the American waters, many trojiical forms from the West Indies and the 
 Pacific shores, some temperate forms from California and the Atlantic, and 
 many sub-boreal species in the Vancouver district and the European seas, 
 not differing from each other more or even so much as forms universally 
 allowed by malacologists to ha%.' had a )mmon origin from Britain and the 
 Mediterranean, from the Red and the Coralline Crag. 
 
 125. It is interesting to observe that, notwithstanding the probable con- 
 nexion of the oceans through the Rocky Mountains during the Miocene age, 
 there is extremely little similarity between the special tem])erate faunas of 
 East and West America. Not a single species has yet been proved identical, 
 and the allied forms are but few in niynber. They appear as follows : — 
 
 Californian species. U. S. Atlantic species. 
 
 Clidiophora punctata. 
 Lyonsia Californica. 
 Macoma inconspicua. 
 Angulus niodestua. 
 Kaeta uudulata. 
 
 C. trilineata (? = nnsuta), 
 
 L. (hyalina=jFloridaua. 
 
 M. fusca. 
 
 A. tener. 
 
 K. caualiculuta. 
 
 167 
 
682 
 
 EEPORT ] 8C3. 
 
 Culiforninn species. 
 
 Liocaidium substriatunL 
 iiUiiatia Jiewisii. 
 Na.<sa mendica. 
 Amycla (species). 
 
 U. S. Atlantic 
 
 \j. Mortoni. 
 L. heros. 
 N. trivittata. 
 Amycla (species). 
 
 ^pene% 
 
 126. When, however, we approach the region in which boreal and sub- 
 "boreal forms occur, many species are found in common, and between otlara 
 there is but slight difference. Yet even here there are more Lritish than 
 Isew England siiecies in the West-coast fauna. As might be expected, the 
 British species are for the most part those which are also found fossil, and 
 therefore have had time to diffuse themselves widely over the hemisphere. 
 It Li, however, remarkable that many Crag species have reached Eastern 
 Asia and West America which are not found in Grand Manau and Xew 
 England. It is also extraordinary that certain special generic forms of the 
 Crag, as Acila, Miodon, Vertuordia, and Sidariella, reappear in the North 
 Pacific*. When seeking for an explanation of so remarkable a connexion 
 between faunas widely removed in space and time, the correlative fact must 
 be borne in mind, that the northern drift +, so widely diffused over Europe 
 and Eastern America, has not yet been traced in the western region. The 
 following Table exhibits, not only the id -ntical but the similar species be- 
 longing to the northern faunas of the Atlantic and Pacific. In the Asiatia 
 column, K denotes that the species occurs in the Kamtschatka region, J in 
 Japan. In the second column, V signifies the Vancouver district, C the CaU- 
 fornian, and I the Sta. Barbara group of islands. The species marked F 
 are also fossil. In the third column, C denotes the Conilline, R the Hod, and 
 jr the Mammaliferous Crag. The fourth contains the species living in the 
 British seas ; the fifth, on the American side of the Atlantic, Gr. standinjj 
 for Greenland. 
 
 East Asia. 
 
 West America. 
 
 Crag 
 
 British. 
 
 E. America. 
 
 K 
 
 V Rhynconella psittacea . . 
 
 (Pleistocene) psittacea 
 
 psittacea 
 
 — 
 
 V C Xylotrya pennatifera .... 
 
 — 
 
 pennatifera 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 V Xylotrya timbriata 
 
 — 
 
 timbriata 
 
 — 
 
 — „ 
 
 V C Zirphsea crispata 
 
 CIIM 
 
 crispata 
 
 crispata 
 pholadis 
 
 K 
 
 V C Saxicava pholadis 
 
 C R M 
 
 pholadis 
 
 J 
 
 V C Glvcimeris generosa .... 
 
 Faujasii, C R 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 V Sphaenia ovalis 
 
 V Mya truucata 
 
 ' rBiiighami ' | Binghami 
 
 — 
 
 JK 
 
 C R M 
 
 truncata 
 
 truncata 
 
 J K, lata 
 
 V Macoma inquinata 
 
 lata, R M 
 
 proxima 
 
 proxima.Ac 
 
 K 
 
 V Serripes Gra'nlandicus . . 
 
 RM 
 
 — 
 
 (.inenland. 
 
 K 
 
 V I Venei-icardia borealis .... 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 borealis 
 
 — 
 
 V Astarte (compacta) .... 
 
 compressa.R M compressa 
 
 couipressa 
 
 — 
 
 V Miodon prolongatus 
 
 corbis, C it 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 __ 
 
 I F Jjucina borealis 
 
 CRM 
 
 borealis 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 I Cryptodon flexuosus .... 
 
 C 
 
 (loxuosu? 
 
 
 
 China 
 
 I Verticordia 9-costata. . . . 
 
 cardiiformis, C 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 V C Kellia suborbicularis .... 
 
 C R 
 
 suborbicul. 
 
 — 
 
 * Wliether there be any similar correspondenee in the Polyzoa is not yet known, Mr. 
 Busk not '.laving had time to complete his examination. 
 
 t See, in tills connexion, a very accurate Table of the species which travel round 
 Cape Cod, with their distribution in existing seas and over diHerent provinces of tli3 
 various drift- format ions in the Old and New World, by tiauderdou Jiuuth, in Axm. Lye, 
 Kdt. Hist. N. York, vol. vii. 18G0, p. lOti. 
 
 % from the Curalliuc Crug. Looks more like ovalia, 
 
 168 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OK THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMKRICA. 
 
 G83 
 
 , East Asi*. 
 
 West America. 
 
 Craij. 
 
 British. 
 
 JH. America. 
 
 J 
 JK 
 
 V C Lasea rubra 
 
 
 TJM 
 
 rubra 
 t'dulis 
 
 ediilis 
 
 V C Mytilus ediilis 
 
 — 
 
 VC Moiiiola modiolus 
 
 PC R -M 
 
 modiolus ' modiolus 
 
 — 
 
 V Modinlaria luarniorata . . 
 
 CK 
 
 marmorata luarniorata 
 
 JK 
 
 V Modiolariu Leviirata 
 
 — 
 
 uifrra 1 licvjrata 
 
 — 
 
 I Creuella de(ni.s.*ata 
 
 
 
 decussata jrlandula 
 
 JK 
 
 iiHi'rni.<,&c. 
 
 V Nucula tenuis 
 
 CKM 
 
 Cobboldi;E,RM 
 
 tenuis tenuis 
 
 V C I F Acila tit-trensis .... 
 
 JK 
 
 V Yoldia lane .olata 
 
 KM 
 
 
 
 lanceolata 
 
 — 
 
 V Leda niinnta 
 
 RM 
 
 caudata 
 
 minuta 
 
 1 
 
 I Liui;ea .subauriculata. . . . 
 
 C 
 
 subaurieul. 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 V C IIin!iite.s {riiranteus . . . . 
 
 Cortesyi, C 
 
 — 
 
 .... 
 
 j (Asia) 
 
 V Linnuea palustris 
 
 palustris 
 
 palustris 
 
 
 V C Cyliclina attonsa 
 
 cvliudracea,CR 
 
 attonsa 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 V Ilamiuea hydatis 
 
 M 
 
 hydatis 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 VC Dfiitaliuui Indianorum. . 
 
 entale, M 
 
 entale 
 
 striolatnrri 
 
 J K, cieca 
 
 V Ii"peta cfeeoidps 
 
 — 
 
 (cajca.A'y*-.) caca, Gr. 
 
 — 
 
 V Marirarita helicina 
 
 — 
 
 helicina 
 
 lielicina 
 
 — 
 
 V Jlavfrarita I' Vahlii 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Vahlii, Or. 
 
 — 
 
 V Me.^alia lacteola 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 lactea, Or. 
 
 — 
 
 V Lacuna vincta 
 
 M . 
 
 vincta 
 
 vincta 
 
 K (turricula 
 
 )V P.ida tidicula 
 
 turricula, R 
 Trevelliana, R 
 
 tuiTicula 
 Trevelliana 
 
 turricula 
 
 V Bela excurvata 
 
 — 
 
 V C Scalaria Indiannrura .... 
 
 
 
 communis 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 V Velutina lievigata 
 
 M 
 
 laevigata 
 
 Ireyigata 
 
 K 
 
 V Natica clau^a 
 
 R 
 
 (Norway) 
 micans 
 
 clausa 
 
 
 V C I Eulima micani 
 
 polita, C R 
 
 
 — 
 
 V Cerithinp5si9 tubercularis 
 
 C 
 
 tubercularis 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 V I Triforis adversus 
 
 C 
 
 adversus 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 C I Erato colunibi'lla 
 
 Maugeriie, C R 
 
 — 
 
 oy. I.) 
 
 — 
 
 V C Purpura saxicola 
 
 — 
 
 lapillus 
 
 lapillus 
 
 — 
 
 V Chrysodomus liratus. . . . 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 10-costatu.s 
 
 — 
 
 V Trophon multieostatus . . 
 
 ■ — 
 
 (Norway) 
 
 Gunneri 
 
 127. The following species (besides others dredged by Mr. A. Adams, but not 
 yet determined) have been found on both the Asiatic and American shores of 
 the N. Pacific, in addition to those recorded by Middendorff, i'. Brit. Assoc. 
 Report, p. :i:^3. 
 
 Terebratella Coreanica. 
 Waldheimia Californica. 
 Waldheimia pulvinata. 
 Waldheimia (trayi. 
 Glyciniei'is genero*a. 
 Scliizoth-prus Nuttallii. 
 SoIpu sicavius. 
 Sanguinolaria Nuttallii. 
 Tellina Bodegensis. 
 
 Cardium modestum. 
 Amtisium caurinum. 
 I'lac uiianomia macroschisma. 
 Crepidula grandis. 
 Driliia inermis. 
 Lunatia pallida. 
 Priene Oregonensis. 
 Cerostoraa foliatum. 
 
 Siphonalia Kellettii. 
 
 128. The Vancouver and Califomian districts have so many characteristic 
 species in common (111 out of 492), that they must be regarded as con- 
 stituting one fauna, differing as do the British and Mediterranean region^, 
 i'ull particulars as to the range of the different species may be expected ii 
 Dr. Couper's Report to the Califomian Geological Survey. One fact must, 
 liowever, be here specially noted, viz. the great peculiarity of the island-fauna. 
 Although the Sta. liarbara group are so near the mainland, the dredge lias 
 not only produced manv !;i)cuies not kuow'u on the continent, but also many 
 
 169 
 
t84 REPORT— 18C3. 
 
 before considored as essentially tropical. Along with these are not only some 
 species oftyiH.vs hitherto regarded as almost exclusively Asiatic, as VerliconJia, 
 tSulariella, and Fulvia modesta, but also some whicH belong to the sub-boreal 
 district, us Liuiaa borealis, Venericardia horecdis, and Crtndla decussata. Tho 
 latter belongs to the British, and not to the N. England form. 
 
 12'.^. Ot the blendingof the temperateand tropical faunas on the peninsula of 
 L. California we are still in ignorance. All we know is, that at Margarita Lay 
 tho shells are still tropical, and that at Cerros Island they are strangely inter- 
 mixed. There is pecrJiarendence of connexion between the faunas of the penin- 
 sula and of S. America, not only in the land-shells (i'. anted, p. ij'60), but in 
 some of the marine forms. Beside identical species with wide range, as many Ca- 
 lyptrands, the following are coordinate between the North and South PaciHc: — 
 
 Uj>per aiul Lower California. 
 iNetastoma Dai-winii. 
 Solecurtus Calif oruianua. 
 St'mele rupium. 
 Callista v(ii: puella. 
 Chania pellucida. 
 Liocardium substriatum. 
 Axina?a ( Barbarensis.) 
 Verticonlia novemcostata. 
 I'ecten jcqui.siik-atus.* 
 Siphonaiia thersites. 
 Tonicia liueata. 
 Acni;ea patina. 
 Acmie.i persona. 
 Scurria niitra. 
 Chloro.stonia funebrale. 
 Mitia inaura. 
 Raiiella Califomica. 
 Priene Oregonensis. 
 Ti'ophou multicostatus. 
 
 South America, 
 N. Darwinii. 
 S. Dombeyi. 
 (Ditto, Galapagos.) 
 C. pannosa. 
 C. pellucida. 
 L. Elenense. 
 A. intermedia. 
 V. omata. 
 P. ventiicosus. 
 S. lateralis, &c. 
 T. lineolata. 
 A. scutum, D'Orh. 
 A. " Oregona," If. C. 
 S. scurra. 
 C mo?stum. 
 M. niaura. 
 li. ventricosa. 
 P. cancellata. 
 T. Magellanicus. 
 
 Time and space do not avail for pointing out further relations with exotic 
 faunas ; which indeed will be performed with greater correctness after Dr. 
 Cooper shall have published his complete lists. 
 
 130. For the sake of avoiding the inconvenience of trinomial nomenclature, 
 the subgeneric and vaiietal names have often been cited in this Report instead 
 of the generic and specific, in order that the exact form of the shell quoted 
 might be more quickly determined. The diagnoses of all the new species 
 here tabulated are written for the press, and will shortly appear in the dif- 
 ferent scientific journals. Additional specimens will probably prove several 
 forms to be conspecific which are here treated as distinct. In tlie present 
 state of the science, absolute certainty is not to be attained. The object of 
 the writer* has been principally to bring together the works of his prede- 
 cessors, and so to arrange and describe the new materials that those who 
 continue his labours may be able to draw their own conclusions from existing 
 data. In order to facilitate reference, a brief index is here given of the 
 subject-matter of the former and of the present Reports. 
 
 * The best thanks of the writer are due to Hugh Cuming, Esq., for the free use of his 
 collection ; to Messrs. II. & A. Adams, Ilanley. Keeve, and ISowerby, for aid in identifying 
 specimens; to tlie ofRoers and naturalists connected with the Smithsonian Institution; 
 to Dr. A. A. Gould, for verj j-a!uable corrections; and generally to autliors and friends, 
 who have kindly rendei d him all the assistince in their power. He earnestly invites 
 criticisms on the subject-matter of the two Re|Wrts ; in order tliar they nuiy be embodied, 
 and errors corrected, in the Manuals of the ^V^^sl-Coast Mollusca which he lias uiidertakea 
 to prepare for the Snnthsonian Institution. 
 Warrington, Auj. 'I'ind, ISGl. ^ __ 
 
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF N'ORTH AMERICA. 
 
 685 
 
 23. 
 
 24. 
 
 2.-.. 
 
 2(i. 
 27. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 Faragrapb. 
 
 1-5. Physical Condition of West America ... . 
 
 6-12. Errors respecting II ai)itat 
 
 13-21. Errors of Nomenclature ... 
 Table of L(x;alitie9... 
 
 Table of collectors. Early Writers. Linnaeus, Solander, 
 Martyn, Chemnitz, Dixon, Dombey, Perry, Leach, 
 Dillwvn, Lamarck. Swainson ... 
 Humboldt and tionpland (Valenciennes) 
 
 Voyage of ■ Cuquille : ' Lesson 
 
 Eschsclioltz ... ... ... ... ... .,. 
 
 Tankerville Catalogue : Zoological Journal 
 
 28. Voyage of ' Blossom ' : Beechey, Belcher 
 
 29. Wood's ' Index Testaceologicus ' and Supp'ement 
 
 30. Voyage of ' Astrolabe ' : Quoy and Gaimard 
 
 31. Voyage of ' Adventure' and 'Beagle ' : King 
 
 32. Hugh Cuming's Researches 
 
 33. D'Orbigny's S. America 
 
 34. Botta 
 
 35. Blainville's Purpurae 
 3B. Guerin's Magasin : Duclos 
 
 37. Voyage of ' Beagle' : Darwin (see also p. .3r)0) ... 
 
 38. Lady Katherine Douglas (afterwards Wigram) 
 
 89. Nuttall ; Conrad 
 
 4(X Voyage of ' B nite ' : Eydous and Souleyet 
 
 41. „ 'Venus': Deshaves, Valenciennes ... ... 
 
 42. „ 'Sulphur': Hinds 
 
 43. LT. S. Exploring Ex])edition ; Gould 
 
 44. Middendorff 
 
 45. Vo-, age of ' Samarang ' : Adams and Reeve 
 
 46. E.B. Philippi 
 
 Mexican-War Naturalists, Rich and Green ; also JeweLt 
 Melchers ; Menke... 
 Kellett and Wood ; Forbes 
 
 Reigen ; Br. Mus. Mazatlan Catalogue 
 
 Conrad on Wilson's shells 
 Jay's Catalogue 
 
 48, 
 
 47. 
 49. 
 50. 
 51. 
 62.110. 
 53. 
 
 Page 
 Report I. 
 . l.")9 
 . 102 
 . lt>4 
 . 1G7 
 
 IfiS 
 169 
 172 
 172 
 174 
 175 
 178 
 179 
 179 
 179 
 1S9 
 191 
 191 
 191 
 192 
 192 
 192 
 201 
 202 
 2(U 
 208 
 214 
 224 
 224 
 22.-) 
 2:55 
 2:i9 
 241 
 264 
 2()5 
 265 
 281 
 281 
 2s;i 
 284 
 285 
 288 
 
 54. C.B.Adams; Panama Catalogue 
 
 55. Br. Mus. Catalogues ; Venerid^ 
 
 .5t>. Sailor's Collection ... 
 
 67,98. Gould',s Collection 
 
 58. Bridges 
 
 59. Proceedings of the Zoological Society ... 
 
 60. Sowerby ; ' Conchological Illustrations ' 
 
 61. „ 'Thesaurus Conchy liorum' and 'Malacological 
 Magazine' 2.S8 
 
 „ Sowerby's ' Genera ' ; Reeve's ' Conchologia Systematica ' 
 
 62. Reeve's ' Conchologia Iconica ' ... ... ... ... 289 
 
 6.3. Kiener. ' Coquilles Vivantes • 293 
 
 64, 65. German authors ; Pfeiffer, Menke, Philippi, Kiister, 
 
 Dunker 294 
 
 66. British Museum Collection ... ... 296 
 
 67. Cumingian Collection ... 297 
 
 68. Various European sources : Bosc, Lesson, Gray, Wood- 
 
 ward, Ilanley, Journ. de Conch., Chenu, Duclos, 
 
 Deshaves .. ... 297 
 
 69, 121. GeneralTable of the Western Faunas 297 
 
 70,71. Isolation from other Provinces 34^5 
 
 72,73. Boreal and Sitcha District 347 
 
 74-76. Fauna of Oregon and Upper California... ... ... 348 
 
 77, 78. „ Lower California ; S. Diego, S. Pedro, S. Juan, 
 
 La Paz, Guaymas 350 
 
 79-83. Tropical Fauna ; Galapagos 353 
 
 • •• ••• •■• OO^ 
 
 84-87, 122. Comparison with other Fauna* 
 
 in 
 Report n. 
 
 517 
 
 517 
 521 
 .^)21 
 521 
 .522 
 522 
 523 
 
 524 
 
 524 
 
 o2o 
 
 528 
 529 
 .529 
 5.32 
 5.!4 
 5.34 
 534 
 
 542 
 542 
 6.34 
 548 
 549 
 5.'.3 
 5.-)4 
 554 
 554 
 5r)4 
 559 
 
 561 
 561 
 W)2 
 563 
 
 573 
 574 
 
 575 
 
 635 
 
 630 
 
 171 
 
C36 
 
 KEPORT — 18G3. 
 
 91. \-20. 
 
 yu, !»•_'. 
 It:?. 
 
 ParagrapTi. Rt 
 
 J^?^. Land and Freshwater Shells 
 
 Polvzoa ... ... ... ... ... 
 
 Fdgsil ISjiecies; U. S. Expl. ilxp 
 
 Conclusion of First Report 
 
 Smithsonian Institution ; Collections and Publications.., 
 94. N. Pacific Exploring Expetlilion ; Stimpson, Gould .. 
 9.'). U.S.Japan Kxpedition; Jay ... ... 
 
 96. A. Adams; Japan... 
 
 97. Pacific Railroad Reports; Blake's Fossils 
 
 98. „ „ Gould's Shells 
 
 99. „ „ Newberry's Fossils 
 
 100. „ „ Antisell's Fossils 
 
 101. „ „ W. Cooper's Shells (Coop.).. 
 
 102. U. S. N. Pacific Boundary Survey ; Kennerley... 
 Iti:?. Brit. „ „ ; Lord, Lyall, Forbes 
 104. Californian State Geolojrieal Surrey ; J. G. Cooper (Cp.) 
 10.'). Cape St. Lucas Shells; Xantus ..' 
 
 106. Neeah Bay, Vancourer, &c. ; Swan 
 
 107. Farallone Islands ... 
 
 108. J. G. Cooper's Land Shells ; Bland 
 1(*9. Land Shells of Lower California 
 
 110. Californian Naturalists: Trask, Newcomb, Rowell, Gabb, 
 
 Reinond ... 
 
 111. Various American publications 
 11 "J. General Table of the Vancouver and Californian Fauna 
 
 113. Additional Shells from Lower California and the Gulf 
 
 Cerros Island, Margarita Bay. La Paz, Guaymas 
 
 114. Additional Shells of Tropical Fauna; Acapulco, Real 
 
 Uejos, Panama 
 
 115. General List of Land, Freshwater, and Marine Pulmo 
 
 nates; Binney ... 
 
 116. Paludinida, &c. ; Binney 
 
 117. Melaniadae; Binney 
 
 118. Unionida;; Lea 
 
 119. Cvrenida; ; Prime... 
 
 91, 120. Tertiary Fossils 
 
 69,121. Corrections of General Table 
 
 84, 122. Comparison with other Faunas 
 
 123. Local peculiarities... 
 
 Comparative study of European Fauna 
 
 Comparison with Eastern American Fauna 
 Comparison with the Crag Fossils 
 CompTison with Asiatic Shells . 
 
 124. 
 125. 
 128. 
 127. 
 128. 
 129. 
 
 Pecuiiarities of the Island Fauna 
 
 Comparison of the West Coast of N. and S. America 
 
 130. Explanation of Nomenclature 
 
 P/'ge in 
 |iort 1. Report II. 
 
 367 ... 67& 
 
 367 
 
 577 
 
 .'iS2 
 
 5S7 
 
 588 
 
 .58S 
 283 ... 592 
 
 .5'.);$ 
 
 594 
 
 696 
 
 601 
 
 603 
 
 607 
 
 616 
 
 626 
 
 628 
 
 629 
 
 630 
 
 631 
 6.i3 
 635 
 
 664 
 
 608 
 
 ... 
 
 .. 669 
 
 • •■ 
 
 .. 676 
 
 • ■• 
 
 .. 677 
 
 • • ■ 
 
 .. 677 
 
 
 .. 678 
 
 367 
 
 .. 679 
 
 297 
 
 .. 680 
 
 302 
 
 .. 680 
 
 • •• 
 
 .. 681 
 
 ■ •■ 
 
 .. 681 
 
 ... 
 
 .. 681 
 
 ... 
 
 .. 6S2 
 
 • >■ 
 
 ,. 68'i 
 
 • • > 
 
 .. 684 
 
 • •• 
 
 .. 684 
 
 ••• 
 
 ^ 684 
 
 172 
 
B. 
 
 REVIEW 
 
 or 
 
 PROF. C. B. ADAMS'S CATALOGUE 
 
 OF THK 
 
 SHELLS OF PANAMA. FROM THE TYPE SPECIMENS. 
 
 BY 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., Ph.D. 
 
 From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 339-369, 
 
 June 23, 1863. 
 
 (173) 
 
Review of Prof. C. B. Adams's 'Catalogue of the Shells 
 OF Panama'*, from the Type Specimens. 13y Philip P. 
 Carpenter, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 A resume of this important contribution to our knowledge of local 
 faunas, and a comparison with the British Museum ' Descriptive 
 Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Vlollusca,' is given 
 in the 'Report of the British Association' for 18.")(i, pp. 26.)-2Sl. 
 Full series of the old species, and the first specimens of the new, 
 were deposited by Prof. Adams in the Museum of Amherst College, 
 which also contains similar series of the Professor's Caribbean col- 
 lections. The second specimens of new species were sent to Mr. 
 Cuming, and through his kindness were freely used in prej)aring 
 the Mazatlan Catalogue, thus avoiding the necessity of manj' syno- 
 nyms. An instructive lesson in candour and forbearance may be 
 learnt by comparing together the works of any two naturalists of 
 equal celebrity, or by comparing either of them with the types. 
 With the best desires for accuracv, and the greatest care, it is hardly 
 possible for an author to describe so that his readers shall >-ee shells 
 as he sees them. If this be true of such full and precise diagnoses 
 as those of Adams and Gould, how much greater must be the difii- 
 culty to foreigners of recognizing shells /rom the biicf descriptions 
 of Broderip, Lamarck, and the older writers generally. The careful 
 
 • Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama; with Notes on their Synonymy, 
 Staiion, anil Geographical Distrihiition • hy C. B. A(Unis, Prolcs!,or of Znoln-'v, 
 Ac, in Amherst Collece, Mass. Reprinted from the ' Auiials of Ljcuuiu ot Nat, 
 Hist. N. Y.,' vol. V. New York, 1852. 
 
 175 
 
2 nR. p. p. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 
 
 preservation of types tlierefore, and the interchange of specimens 
 named from type*, is of tlie first importance to save the time and 
 ensure tlie acenracv of succeeding writers. The Smithsonian Insti- 
 tut inn has fnllv recojinized this principle by directing that the first 
 avnilal)ie duplicate of all type species described from its collections 
 shall be deposited in some museum open to students on the other 
 side of tiie Atlantic. 
 
 As the authorities of Amherst College had not taken any steps 
 to figure their tuiicpie specimens, and as Prof. Adams's dctermina- 
 t'.ons of old sjiecies had not heen verified, I made it my business 
 (^wlien visitnig America to deposit the first duplicate series of the 
 Mazatlan Shells in the New York State Museum at Albany) to com- 
 pare Prof. Adams's collection, on the spot, with his published book, 
 in my copy of which I made my notes and sketclu-s at the time. 
 Every facility was afforded me by the Curator. I was allowed freely 
 to handle the specimens in the presence of his assistant, and to draw 
 the minute species under my microscope. I took with me forcom- 
 ])arison the drawings of the minute ^lazatlan sliells in the British 
 Museum. The species being numbered in both the Panaii:a and the 
 Mazatlan lists, it is easy now to institute a comparison between them. 
 They are here distinguished by the initials P. and M. 
 
 P. 1. Orula avena. May be distinct from Radius vnrinhilis, 
 ISl. -435, being much more stumpy, with a thicker lip ; but the few 
 8j)ecimens are in poor condition, and the differences may be accidents 
 of station. 
 
 2. Oiuila einnr(/innfa = Caruiea e. Quite distinct from its Carib- 
 bean analogue C. yibbosa. 
 
 3. Oim/a neylecta, C. B. Ad., is probably a small variety of Ra- 
 dius variubtlis. 
 
 •J. Oi'ula variabilis, C. B. Xd. = R'i(/ius v., M. 435. 
 
 5. Ocula, sp. ind., probably = raWai///*, jun. 
 
 6. Ci/pnea arnbicula= Aricia a., M. 438. 
 
 7. Ci/preea cervinetta=C. exanthema, M. 436. Having now 
 examined a multitude of sjiecimens from ditFerent stations on the 
 west coast, which differ from each other quite as much as they do 
 from the typical Caribbean forms, I am confirmed in the belief of 
 their identity. 
 
 8. Cyprcea punctulata= Aricia p. Erroneously given, in M. 
 p. 374, as a probable synonym of A. arabieida. It is less thickened 
 at the sides, with smaller spots. x\lthoagh specimens of urabicnla 
 graduate into it at the back, it may always be known by the nioutli, 
 wiiich has its teeth much further apart. 
 
 9. Cypreea pustulata=Trivia p., M. 439. 
 I * 176 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 3 
 
 10. Ciiprcea rafJia)is=Trii-ia r., M. -140. 
 
 1 1. Cijprcta ruheiice)is'=^i\vaf\ sp. of Trivia sanguinea, M. 4-12. 
 
 12. Cijpreea smiyuinea=Tiifia s., M. 442. 
 
 13. Eroto srahriusrvld. Sttt. 
 
 14. Marginella minor. Stet, M. .58". 
 
 ] .T. Maryitiella sapofi/la. 'I'he Panama specimens collected by 
 Prof. Adams, and alnmdantly l>y others, more closely resemble M. 
 Ijruimm than tlie type 37. sn]:otilla of Hinds, which is a much smaller 
 shtli. The Caribbean shells (which are tciuiid across the Isthmus 
 at Aspinwall) differ oirly in having a sharper angle in the labrum at 
 the posterior notch. Adansoii's habitat, donbted by Prof. Adams 
 (note, p. 41), is confirmed by sjieciniens in the Bristol Institution 
 brought from Sierra Leone by Chi' f. justice Hankiuc. The Pacific 
 shells are probably conspecific, suthcient evidence being now in our 
 possession that the two oceans were united at least as late as the 
 Aliocene epoch*. 
 
 16. Mitra funicidata. Stet. 
 
 17. Mitra lens, M. .58.5, 
 
 IH. Mifra mtclenla. Closely resembling young sjiecimens of the 
 Caribbean M. gramilnsa. 
 
 19. Mitra soJifaria, C. B. AA.-=Zierlianu s. Other specimens 
 have since been found of this characteristic species. The " trans- 
 verse ribs" can scarcely be said to be "obsolete anteriorly." 
 
 20. Mitra tristis — SfrigateUa t., M. 586. 
 
 21. Terehra elata = MiinreIla e. 
 
 22. Tereljra farveeformis = Mi/urel/a I. 
 
 23. 24. Stent. 
 
 2.5. Terehra ti(berculosa^= MijureJln t. 
 
 20. Terehra varicosa. This may possibly be a very young speci- 
 men of Suhuld V. ; but I think it distinct. 
 
 27-31. Sp. ind. A specimen oi Eurijta fuUjvrnfa, M. 4 5.5, is in 
 the museum, as from Panama, but not of Prof. Adams's collecting. 
 
 32. Olica angulata, M. .590. 
 
 * The specimens in the Cnmingian Museum, named M. cterulencmii at the time 
 of the British Assoc'ation Report, are now lahelled " impniilla, H(is., .'J-13 fathoms 
 sandy mud, Panama, H. C." Another set of Pacific siielli. (notcli-angle rounded) 
 are given as " Marginella n. s., Panama," " San Domingo" having been erased. 
 The larpe West Indian form (notch-angle sharp) is given as " cterulescena, var., 
 Lam., 10 fathoms sandy mud, Panama " Another set of large shells, with sharp 
 angle, and lahrnm tinted behind, is given as " cierulescerm, Lara., Panama," but 
 wthout authority. The small West-Indian form (like the typical sapotUla) is 
 given as " ylans, Mke." Either in this, as in other instances, error has crept into 
 tiie iocality-marks, or else even the distinction pointed out by Mr. Redfield (who 
 hts given peculiar study to this genus) cauuut be reiica ou tor sc^aiuiing the spe- 
 
 I'l » i;.n,'Sr;iphi ally, 
 
 12 177 ^ 
 
4 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 
 
 33. Oliru (traiieosn = 0. nttlcfiersi, M. 591 . Prof. Adams's shanty 
 speciiiKMi can scarcely be tlistiii|;iii.-lK'(l tVom that wiiich lie marked 
 " O. literatd, Alabama." But the ordinary a>|)ect of the shells O. 
 retiailarin from the Caribbean Islands, O. litfrata from the coast of 
 the Soutbcrn States, and U. inelchersi from the Pacitic, is sutHcieutly 
 distinct (tor the genus). 
 
 3J. Oliva inconspicua, C. B. \i\. = OliveJIa i., M. .")99. Some of 
 tlie shells lelerred to this species from Panama, Mazailan, and Cape 
 St. Lucas graduate into the Caribl)ean O. unjza ; otliers^into dwarf 
 forms of O. (/ruci/is. The s])ecies ei her needs revision from fresh 
 specimens, or should be merged into O. yrucilis. 
 
 3.5. Oliva j)elluciJa, C. B. Ad. Dead specimen ; differs from 
 OUce/la p., Bve. 
 
 36. Oliva jiorphyria. Stet. 
 
 37. Oliva aetiiislriata:=OliveUa s. Closely resembles O. colu- 
 mellaris. 
 
 'S^. Oliva te.'itacea = Agnronia t., M. 602. 
 
 39. Oliva uiulatella^=Olivella u., M. ■")9.'j. 
 
 40. Oliva renvlata. This shanty specimen is O. angnJnta, jnn. 
 The O. vciin/ata, M. 593, is named by Prof. Adams O juUetta, as 
 also by Mke. (non Duel.). The true O.jnlittta ((Juacomayo, Mus. 
 Smiths.) is the Pacific "analogue" of O . fmiforni is . 
 
 41. Oliva volutella^Olivella v. It is surprising that this species, 
 so immensely common at Panama and up the coast, should not reach 
 the Gulf, and that the equally common O. tergina of Mazatlan and 
 O. yrucilis of Cape St. Lucas and Acapulco should be rare elsewhere, 
 while the larger Olives are foiuid from Guaymas to the equator. 
 O. (lama ( = lineolata, Gray, C. B. Ad.), abundant at Mazatlan, was 
 bought, not collected, by the Professor at Panama. 
 
 42 Plat»axis planicostata. Stet. Also immensely common at 
 Panama, though absent from Mazatlan. 
 
 43. Nassa canescens, C. B. Ad. Having compared this unique 
 specimen with P. 50, q. v., I can speak to their complete identity. 
 The "pale grey" of the "interspaces" is due to the shell being 
 dead. 
 
 44, 45. Stent. 
 
 46. Nassa gemimilosa=^^l. 631, exactly. 
 
 47. Stet. 
 
 48. Nassa luteostoma=-^l. 623. 
 
 49. Aassa noJifera. Also found at Guaymas. 
 
 50. Nassa pagodus, C. B. Ad. {-{- N. canescens, P. '1,"^) »« /V. 
 (? nagodus, var.) acuta, ^L 625. It is certainly the N. decussata 
 ol K.ien., but probably not of Lam. Whether it is the Trifun pago- 
 dus cf Rve. I am still unable to say, the type being apparently lost. 
 We a;e bound to suppose that Mr. Reeve could not mistake so de- 
 
 ITJi 
 
Dn. p. p. C VIIPENTER ON TtlK SHELLS OF PANAMA. ■> 
 
 ciJcd a Xas\(i tor ci Triton ; so that if I^amiirck's is a similar Easle '\ 
 species, the West American may stand as X. acuta. 
 
 al. Xassa panamensis, C. B. Ad. The Professor ri!;htly mar'.v.'.l 
 his dupHcates "exilis, Pws." This al)undaiit sliell, haviiiu a Pisa- 
 noid, not a Nassoid opercnhim, ))robal)ly belongs to P/tos, Xurthio, 
 or some genus not yet ehnifnated. A'. oLsuleta, Say, has a similar 
 operculum, and appears nearly related. 
 
 52. Xassa proximo. The unicjue specimen appears to be an ex- 
 treme form ot A', versicolor, P. .55. 
 
 53. Xassa 1 scabriuscula, C. B. Ad. (non P\vs.) = A^. complauata, 
 Pws. : V. P. 56. 
 
 54. X^'assa striata, C. B. Ad. The two type specimens, one young, 
 the other adult, both belong to a variety of versicolor. The phrase, 
 " last whorl spirally canaliculate on the left side," simply expresses 
 the ordinary character of Xassa. The specimens in Mus. Cuming., 
 h jwever, from another source, ditlcr somewhat in the nucleus from 
 the small form of X. versicolor. These = A. yjrtw^tfra, Gld., teste 
 Cuming, and should take that name. 
 
 55. Xassa versicolor, C. B. Ad., M. (i.'32. The revolving striae 
 vary so greatly in this species, as well as the size, obesity, and colour, 
 that it is hard to assign its limits. The specimens marked versicolor 
 by the Professor \ary much more among themselves than the ex- 
 treme ones do from his proxtma and striata. The apex and early 
 whorls of each are exactly the same under the microscope. It is pos- 
 sible that the uuique crebristriata, M. (333, is also an extreme variety. 
 
 56. X'assa wilsoni appears to be only a dwarf form of P. 53, 
 N. complanata. 
 
 57. Buccinttm crassum=Phos c. 
 
 58. Buccimim distortum^=Clavella d. 
 
 59. Buccinum i)isiffne= Pisajiia i., M. 659. 
 
 60. Buccinum luguhre, C. B. Ad. The Professor marked this shell 
 on his card " J/M/-e.r ? ? " ; then '■' FususV ; then ^' Fusus noUu- 
 losus. Ad., n. s."; then " Buccinum {'.} Iiii/ubre, Ad., n. s."; so that 
 the old genera were sometimes as badly detined as the new ones. It 
 may rank with Pisania. 
 
 6 1 . Buccinum pagodns = Pisania p. 
 
 62. Buccinum pristis = Xorthia serrata, 
 
 63. Buccinum rinyens= Pisania r., M. 6G3. 
 
 64. Buccinum san(/uinolentum= Pisania s., M. 662. 
 
 65. Buccinum stimpsonianum=Xassa st. 
 
 66. Dolium ringens=Malea r. 
 
 67. Monoceros brevidentatnm. This species, very common at 
 Prt'iama, has been transported over (nut tiiron^Iij the Pacitic, to Suu 
 Fraucisco and Mo.ueiey . v. P pige 75. 
 
 179 
 
G EH. r. r. CARPENTFR ON TIIF. SIIEIXS OF PANAMA. 
 
 (58. Monoceros cingtilattiTn = Levcozoma c, IM. .")83. 
 
 <i9. Purpura caro!ensis=P. triavgularig, M. 608. 
 
 /O riirjmrn foreol(ita=^Cvmn costafa, M. CIO, probphly; but the 
 markiiifrs have been too much obliterf led to decide with confidence. 
 
 71. Vvrpura Aiosqinfort)us= Cimia Jc , M. C09. There are in 
 the collection three sliells, labelled by the Professor "P. jnirpvroirlea 
 {Fusvs), Orb., Panama" = Pisanin iT orhiywji, Rve. ?so authority 
 is given, and they probably came from Peru. 
 
 72. Piirpvra, sp. ind. This shell is not to be found. It has 
 probablv been put with the last, of which it is no doubt a variety : 
 V. M. p'. 482. 
 
 73. Purpura tnelo. Stet. 
 
 74. Purpura osculans appears to be the young of Phizocheilus 
 nux, IVI. 611 ; of which 7?. clistans, Cpr., and probably R. calif or- 
 nicus, A. Ad., are only varieties. 
 
 75. Purpura tecta=^Cuma t. 
 
 76. Purpura undata=^P. liserialis, M. 606. 
 
 77. Cofumbe/la atramentaria=Anachi8 a. 
 
 78. Columhella hicannlifera=StrGmhina b. 
 
 79. CoJumbeUa boivinii. This species must rank with (Jnachis 
 or) Euyina*, the operculum being Pisanoid. 
 
 80. Columbella conspicua = Anachis c. 
 
 81. Columbella cosfellata, C B. A(l.=A7iachia sealarina, Shy., 
 M. 64.1 ; not J. cosfellata, Sby., M. 646. 
 
 82. Columbella climinuta=Anac/iis d. 
 
 83. ColumbeUa dorsuta=^Strombina d. 
 
 84. Columbella fiuctuata= Anachis fi. 
 
 85. Columbella fulva= Anachis /., M. 648. 
 
 86. ColumbeUa fuscat a, M. 617. The small var. is C. festival 
 Kien. 
 
 87- Columbella gibberula = Strombina g. 
 
 88. Columbella gracilis= Anachis y. 
 
 89. Columbella guttata=Ailidella cribraria, M. 613. 
 
 90. 91, 92. Stent. 
 
 93. Columbella lyrata = Anachis I 
 
 94. Columbella majo), M. 6\o. 
 
 95. Columbella modtsla=^7'rvvcaria m. It might be convenient 
 to leave this genus as arranged by Messrs. H. and A. Ad. Mr. 
 Henry Adams desires to restrict it to the type species, in which 
 
 * Of the shells calif d Tiy Frc ndi miOii.rs Scmi-Eicmvta. tlirse v itli a rurpnrnid 
 operciitiin may be rctaitird as Sistrhvi. vliilp ilKi>e witli I'lsaiioid o^-eicuiuu 
 should be removed as Enyina, with ^inoc/iix, to the Muricitiee. 
 
 180 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 7 
 
 case this and similar species must be moved to Xi/ii/f/lu, it" the n|ier- 
 culum be (as is [iresunied) Piirpuroid ; or to Jmijclu, it Nassoid. 
 
 96. Coluwhella mopsta = Anachis m. 
 
 97 ColvmieUa niyricans= Anachis n. 
 
 9S. Ciihimhella porva. This appears to be only a dead specimen 
 of C. pi/f/mfca, P. IKU. 
 
 99. CohiniheHa j))ilchrior is probably a Nitidella. 
 
 100. Colnnihella pyijmcea=^Anachis p.fM. O.il. 
 
 Hll. Cohivihvlln ni;iosn=Avnchis r. Tliis appears to be the 
 cnmmone.>t and most variable sjiecies of the genus. The typical 
 specimens are somewhat stumpy, with stout knobs. Then the knobs 
 pass into long, compressed ridges, and iinally chautte into narrow 
 bars. These are wide apart, or close, or nearly evanescent on the 
 back. The shape passes from the stumpy to an acuminate form 
 like costellata. Some adults are more than twice the size of others; 
 but the same variations are found in both extremes. The colours 
 are generally laid on in patches on the knobby specimens ; m fine 
 flames, on the smoother ones. In all varieties, it is known from 
 Jiuctvata bv the spiral striae over the whole surface ; and from vuiiu 
 by the shoulder, more or less developed into a keel, on the whorls of 
 the spire. 
 
 102. ColumbeJIa stromhiformis, M. 616. 
 
 10.3. Columbella tesselluta, C. B. Ad. (non G&&\i.)=^Anachis gua- 
 temalensis, live. 
 
 104. Columbella turrita = Stronibina t. 
 
 105. Columbella varia = A/iachis v. 
 
 106. Columbella sp. ind. is the young of a species in Mus. 
 Cuming., resembling harpo'/ormis. 
 
 107 Ricinula carbonaria = Engina c. 
 
 108. Ricinula juyosa may be an Ent/ina, but has more the aspect 
 of the Pacific group Peristerida. 
 
 109. Ricinula reei'iana=Engina pulchra, Rve. 
 
 110. Cassis abbreviata=^Bezoardica a. On comparing a large 
 series of specimens from Cape St. Lucas with a similar series of C. 
 injiata from Tc^ias, I was unable to discover any specific differences. 
 It varies greatly, from each ocean, in painting, sculpture, height of 
 spire, &c. 
 
 111. Cassis coarcfaia=Levenia c 
 
 112,113, 114( = M.4S0), 115, 116(=:M. 481), 1 17, 118*( = M. 
 476), 119* ( = M. 477), 120 ( = M. 475), 121, 122 ( = M. 381, 
 galeatus), 123 ( = M. 449), 124 (=M. 448), 125. Stent. 
 
 * Having now examined a large number of specimens of these two forms, I 
 have no hesitation whatever in regarding Comix regalitatis as simply a variety of 
 C. purpurascens. Similar difi'aeiices may be ob!>er\ed iu com[)ariiig large sexxes 
 of almost all Cones, * . _ ^ 
 
 lol 
 
S DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 
 
 126. Trifon cfif)nnif;ii=.lri/(,fjiiccf/"im nofloaum, yi. 5H{). These 
 ■ilulis are siuall and tiiriettd. TIiom- i'rot. Adams inarki'd " T. viii- 
 yalaliiiii, Lain , E. Indies," are much more like the Mazatlau shtlls. 
 
 12". Triton congfn'c(ua=Distnifio c. The specimens of this 
 irionp from the I'acitic Coast, from the Gulf of Ale.vico, aiid Irvm 
 the Cliina Seas are very dilHcult tochscriminnte. 
 
 128. Triton fusoiiles. This unique and very elegant shell can 
 scarcely be called a Triton, even of the Epidromus type. It may 
 pcihajts rank with Eufhria, but is peculiar iu possessing a distinct 
 anterior siims, near the canal, like Rostellaria. 
 
 129, 130, 131, 132*, 133, 134*, 135. Stent. 
 
 I j6. Murex cluhius=iMuricidea duhia, M. 673. 
 
 137. Murex erosHs=Muricidea e. 
 
 13S. Murex radix = P/i)///nnotus r. The Professor's ppocimens 
 of this species are remarkal.ly fine, more nearly resemblina; the Gulf 
 tiiijritus than the heavy stumpy shells nsuallv seen. His vona^ 
 s|>ecimens are heavier, but more turreted, than the yonns: niyrttiis. 
 The opercula appear to have fewer frills ; but such differences may 
 be due only to station. The sjiecimens he marked ambiyuus (with- 
 out locality) belong to the typical 7ii(/rifus. Phijllonotus radix and 
 iiifjritii,'^ graduate into each other almost as freely as the latter does 
 into ambiguus: v. M. CGO. 
 
 13f,. Murex rectirnsfris. This and kindred species run into each 
 other too closely, when adult, to speak with any confidence ou so 
 young a specimen in ijad condition. 
 
 140. Murex recurvirostris. This specimen is also far too imper- 
 fect to affiliate: v. M. (j()5. 
 
 J41. Murex regius^PhijUonotus r., M. C70. 
 
 142. Murex salehrosus=Vitularia «., M. 612. The curious group 
 of Muricoid Purpurids culminates on the West American shores. It 
 is represented in the north temperate regions by Cerastomn, on the 
 warmer shores by Chorus, and in the tropical regions by Vitularia. 
 The Lower Californian Murex belcheri, Hds., belongs to the group. 
 Dr. Alcock (who has succeeded the late Capt. Brown as Curator of 
 the Manchester Natural History Museum) has pointed out very well- 
 marked physiologic.ll distinctions between the two fomilies, which 
 are coordinate with the differences iu the opercula. 
 
 * Dr. Gray (Guide to MoUusca, pp. 39, 42) leaves the round-variced Ranellids, 
 as Aji'llon, in the Tritonidtp, " operc. annular, nucleus subapical, witiun the 
 apex; but removes the sharp-variced species, as Ranella, to the Ca-ssididce, and 
 figures the operculum like Bezoarrlica, " half-ovate, nucleus central, lateral, in- 
 ternal." The operculum of R. c<Hata, No. 132, is almost identical v^'ith Murex, 
 and the shell accords with Apollon; but R. nitida, No. 134, which has very sharp 
 varices, has its operculum widely removed from Bezoardica. It is closely related 
 tn that of Cerasloma, Rhizocheilun, and some of the Ocinfbrce; nucleus near the 
 anterior end of the labruin ; labral portions of the annular layers eroded ; scar as 
 iu I'urpunds, with about tliiee roughly angular ridges of growth. 
 
 182 
 
DR. P. V. CAKITNTrU ON THE i>HELLS OF PANAMA. » 
 
 1-13. Ml/rex vilirx. Tliis Peruvian species also probably belongs 
 to the Piir|iiin(l group. 
 
 141. Mil rex vittafiix=:Muricn/ea v. 
 
 l-ir>. ( = M. fuiH), I J(i ( = .M. 57')). Stent. 
 
 1-1". FiisiiM hi'llii.s, C. B. .\d. Tliis is a pretty little sliell, rcsem- 
 blini; a yoiinir Mffuhi, and is prol)al)ly one of tlie species assigned 
 witii doubt to that genus, M. (il!)-()'J2, orto Fiisus, M. (i 12. I should 
 erase tiie words, "some of whieh are varicoid" (referring to tiu' ra- 
 diating ril)s}, as my glass did not enable ine to deteet a single one. 
 
 1-lS. Fiisciolaria j/innnsn. A minute specimen is of the size and 
 general appearance of the fry of C/iri/so/omus antiquiis, with one and 
 a half irregular nuclear whorls. An adult has its operculum broken 
 and mended tVoiu a snlieentral nucleus — a mode of proceeding whicli 
 I liave now observed in such a multitude of sjiecies belonging to dif- 
 ferent families of i'mboscidifers and Toxifers that I vt-nture to assign 
 it as the original type of their opercnla, from which the .special 
 iamily lorms are moditicatious of high develo])ment. Of the spiral 
 Rostrifers there is not yet sutlieient evidence to speak*. 
 
 149. TurLiHella cffstiis, "S\. 581. 
 
 l.")0. Tiirbinella cnsfartea = Latirus c. ■ 
 
 lal. Turblnella cerata=^ Latirus c, M. 5S2. 
 
 \'yl. Tiirljiiiellii riidis=^ Latirus r. 
 
 153. Turfjine/la spaf/icea= Latirus s. 
 
 l.o4. Caiicellaria affinis. Very closelv allied to C. urcpolata, 
 M. 445. 
 
 155, 15(i, 157( = :\r. 44fi), 158, 159. Stent. 
 
 160. Cancellaria liyijmcRa is simply a young specimen of C. f<;- 
 niostoma, no. 157. 
 
 161, Wl. Stent. 
 
 163. Plevrotoma aterrima^Dri'fin a. 
 
 164. PU'urotoma atrior. This is a fine specimen, not quite ma- 
 ture in the lip, of Drillia aterrima, var. melchersi, M. 461. 
 
 165. Pleurotoma bicanalifcra^^Clathurella h. 
 
 166. Pleurutoina conaris=Drif[ia u. 
 
 167. Pleurotoma concinna=Cithara c. 
 
 168. Pleurotoma corruffata= Drillia c. 
 
 169. Pleurotoma discors= Drillia d. Probably a finely developed 
 variety of aterrima. 
 
 * When at Charleston, S C, I had an opportunity of examining many very fine 
 specimens of tlie giant Fasciolarw, so seldom seen in this country, of wliich a 
 hroken apecimen in my collection measures 20 in. In sculpture, colour, and 
 general appearance some were so very like F. princeps, M. 584, that I wis tempted 
 to consider the latter a degraded ,ocal vaneiv, till £ lannd the opeicuium, ,vhicli 
 ig detititute oi' the singular grouviiis of the Gulf species. 
 
 183 
 
10 1»R. 1'. I'. CARPKNI KR <IM TlIK SHKLLS OP PANAMA. 
 
 170. I'leurotoma (hiplicat<i=: hrillia d. 
 
 171. PUurctoiiui ejieurrnu=.i)iiltta e. I cannot I'lidorsc this 
 and some other determinations ol" critical species of Pleurotoniids, 
 not bein|; able to rtniove the specimens for comparison with tNpes. 
 Even the ty})es in Mus. Cuming, do not always present satislaetory 
 diagnostic characters. 
 
 1 72. I'/eiirotoma exiyuu=Muii(jelia e. I could not discover "the 
 rest in pairs." 
 
 1 73. I'Ifurotomu ffemmufosa=Man(/elia g. 
 
 1 74. Pleurototiia tjrandiinaculata = Drilliu g. 
 
 17.T. Pleuroloma iticrassiifa=:Drillio i., M. 4.")9. The collection 
 contains I). luctuosa, M. 4(J7, as from Panama, but not of the Pro- 
 fessor's collecting. 
 
 170. Pleurotoma nigerrma = DriUia n. 
 
 177. Pleurotoma ofjeliscus=Drillia o. Very worn and doubtful, 
 17H. Pleurotoma olivacea. Closely resembles P. J'uniculata, 
 M. 4.57. 
 
 1 79. Plcurofoiiia j)alli<lu = DriUia p, 
 
 180. PleiirvtoMU rigUla = Cl(ithurella r. 
 
 181. Pleurotoma rudis. It is probable that this is not the true 
 Drillui rudis, being distinguished by white spots on the knobs: 
 V. M. 4(30. 
 
 182. Pleurotoma riistica = Drillia aterrima, var. vtelchersi, M. 
 401. These specimens being very worn, their specific identity with 
 P. 164 was not recognized by the Professor. One shell, marked 
 " rusfica, var.," may be the true rustica — a species by no means 
 satisfactorily distinguished. 
 
 183. Pleurotoma striosa=DriUia s. 
 
 184. Pleurotoma zomdata = Drillia 2., jNI. 463. 
 
 185. Pleurotoma, sp. a. A small, dark, purple-brown Mangelia^ 
 of the leufroyi type. 
 
 186. Pleurotoma, sp. b. A slender, pure-white, ribbed shell; 
 probably a Cithara. 
 
 187. Mangelia, sp. c. A young Dapknella. 
 
 188. Mangelia, sp. d. A very worn, black shell; with white, 
 knobby ribs. 
 
 189. Mangelia, sp. e. A very small, white shell; resembling a 
 young Bela turricula. 
 
 190. Mangelia, sp./. A very small, white Drillia, with distinct 
 posterior notch ; spirally striated, with rather sharp ribs. 
 
 191. Mangelia neglecta. Of the "elevated spiral line on the 
 middle of the whorls " I could discover no trace, except of colour. 
 It is therefore probable that it = Ai. acuticostuta, M. 4/3. 
 
 184 
 
DR. P. P. Carpenter on the shells of Panama. II 
 
 192. MfiiiijpHa sulcond is the true Columbella a of Sbv. 
 
 1!).'5. Cerithinin (t(liistitin = C. maculosum, M. 381. 
 
 194. Cerithinin assiinilatuin=Ci'rithi()psis a., M- 563. , 
 
 1 !).'). Ci'fifhiiini fiimarifiiiatuin = Cerifhioi)'^iii h. A gooil species ; 
 but I could not detect tlie " iiitiriiiediate raised line." Tlie apical 
 whorls are almost smootli. The "prominent s[)iral fold" on the 
 coiuiiu'Ua is simply that vviiicli bounds the recurved canal. 
 
 l!Hi. Cerithinin faineHfiiin. Confusion has arisen from the Pro- 
 fessor having sent to .Mr. Cuming as his type a shell which does not 
 answer to the dia<;nosis, and which is descrilied as(.' var.) mcdioloice, 
 M. 3S:,'. Ten specimens are retained in the Amherst Museum, of 
 which cijiht are of the nnciiinfiiin type, =M. 383, and two of the 
 Cuminirian. C. unci /i at inn, beinu; an old species, is proi)idjly from 
 tlie Atlantic or E. Indies : if this should prove identical, the name 
 fuineliciim must be dropped ; if distinct, retained for the west coast 
 uncinoids, according to the diagnosis. After an examination of a 
 large series of specimens collected by Mr. Xantus at Cape St. Lucas, 
 I am coiitirnied in the belief that the Cumiugian shell is a distinct 
 species, which must stand as C. mc(lioJ<Kve. 
 
 1!>7. Cerithiiim yeiiunntiiiii=^ Rhiiioclavis ffemmatns, M. 3S9. So 
 much confusion has arisen from raising specific names to the generic 
 peerage, that whenever a good di>tinct name has been given, it ap- 
 })ears best to retain it — the unbending rule of mere priority for work 
 which is sometimes slovenly, and therefore best forgotten, notwith- 
 standing. 
 
 198. Cerithium } interrupt uin, C. B. Ad. (non ]\[ke. = M. 3S8). 
 Great confusion has arisen from this erroneous determination, as 
 may be seen by comparing the Maz. Cat. in loco with the mono- 
 graph of Sowerby, jun., who has redescribed the southern, highly 
 sculptured forms of the true interruptum as C. gulap<t(jinis, 
 
 198 and 199 are regarded by Messrs. Cuming aud Soworby as 
 varieties of 
 
 200. Cerithium irroratum, C. B. Ad. (Gld. ipse et MSS., non 
 Old. in Expl. Kxp.) = 6'. stercusmuscarum, M. 387. The aspect of 
 the Panama shells is so different from that of the Mazatlan speci- 
 mens that I did not wonder at Dr. Gould's opinion that they were 
 distinct. lie was, however, misled in affiliating the former to his 
 C. irroratum, of which I fortunately discovered the figured type in 
 the Smithsonian Institution, and which proves to be (accorduig to 
 Mr. Cuming) the C. oltesum of Sby. sen., from the Philippines. It 
 is fortunate therefore that the name may be entirely dropped. Some 
 of the sjiecimens of no. 198 graduate sufficiently closely to the Ma- 
 zatlan form; those of no. 199 are intermediate; while those of 
 no. 200 present a stronger but smaller shell, well armed with small 
 uodules, which are not to be seen in the fine Gulf specimens. 
 
 201. Cerithium neylectum — Cerithiopsis n. 
 
 202. Cerithium pacijicuin. Stet. — - . ,^, . 
 
 1S5 
 
l** DR. P. P. CARPENTKR ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 
 
 203. Ci'i-ifliiiini paiipemihim is a good, new species of ChrijanlJuJn. 
 The Pr()t(.'><-()r probably ilid not recomiizi' the '.'lu'nmitzoul ajax nud 
 tiie Udostoinoid plait. Tiie toliovving altenitioiis niav be made in 
 the diai;iinsis: — Siiell pale oranjje [not lioni], with six [not five] 
 keels on tlie spire ; spiral riil^'ej anteriorly fainter [not obsolete] ; 
 apex sini-tial [not acute], of three Palndinoid whorls, the last large 
 in proportion; columella effnse [not canaliculated], with a long, 
 slender, slanting plait. 
 
 204. Cerithiinn piilchnim=Centlnilea p. A distinct and trulv 
 beantit'ul s]ieeies, seldom obtained l)y collectors. 
 
 20;j. Cerithium reevianum=^Cirithi<lea montaynei, M. 394. 
 
 206. Cerithium raliihim = Cprithi(lea varicosa, 31. ^I)."). The 
 Southern sliells, in all their change-, present such a difliVrent asjiect 
 from tiie (iulf specimens, that lam incline? to regard the form Ma- 
 eatlanica as distinct, of which (>. ulhonodosa may prove a ' urietv. 
 
 20". Triphoris alfernotiis, M. 391. 
 
 205. Triphoris iiicoii.spii-itus is scarcely even a variety of the last ; 
 and does not differ so much as the specimens described under the 
 same name, M. 392. 
 
 209. Trijihoris infrcqvens is not the shell descril)ed, under the 
 same name, M. 393, liut is tlie Ci-rifhiojisis tiiherriiloidps, M. 'uu. 
 It would have been strange if I had recognized the sliell from the 
 diagnosis ; f<ir both of the xpecimens are Hp.rtral. The apex is nearly 
 smooth. I forbear to redescribe nos. 3.92, 393 of the .Maz. Cat., 
 as they were separated principally in de'erence to Prof. Adams's 
 authority, until more numerous s|)ecimens should have beo" examined. 
 
 210. Turrite//a bun/isii=T. yoniostoma, jun., M. 379. 
 
 211. Ceecum diinimttum = Cfecum firwatirm, jun., with numerous 
 close rings. All the Prol'essor's specimens of this genus were dead ; 
 most of them pierced by Proboscidifers. They fully confirmed the 
 judgments I ventured to form of them in the Maz. C'at. and in the 
 ♦' Monogiaj)h of the Coecidue," P. Z. S. 1858, p. 413 e^ seq. 
 
 212. Ceecum ehurTi>'nm = C. Jirmatum. The rings vary from 
 twenty-six to thiriy-threc. 
 
 213. Ceecum firmattim, M. 308. Add to the diagnosis in Maz, 
 Cat. p. 320, last line, " oporculo vix concavo, suturis minus f/eji/iitis.'* 
 
 214. Ceecum leeve. The two specimens are too worn for identifi- 
 cation, hut will pass sufficiently for the species described under the 
 game name, M. 372. 
 
 215. Ceecum laqueatnm. A good species of the Elephantulum 
 group: V. Maz. Cat. p. 31"), and P. Z. S. loc. cit. p. 420. 
 
 216. Ceecum monstrosum = C. Jirmatum in the adolescent stage, 
 
 217. Ceecum parvum turns out, as was expected, to be = C undo- 
 turn, M, 371. The unique specimen is stunted and dead. 
 
 21S. Cescum pygmeeum is a small but nearly adult C. Jirmatum. 
 
 186 
 
DU. P. V. CARIMCNTKR ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 13 
 
 219, Chemvifzia arulpiix, M. 5? I. 
 
 2J'>. ChpniiiH:iri (truiiiiiinfa is a true Cheinnitzia, and not a Chnj- 
 gnllifta, as su|i|><)<r(l in the \\r. Assoc, llcport, p. 331. The name 
 nii-^lends, as it is a ])ccMili.ulv hiMad species. The vertex consijits of 
 three I'ahuhiioiil whorls, oi' which the apex is visihle, pnijiHlini; a 
 little beyoml the spire. The ribs, instead of " termniixting abrnptly 
 on the periphery of the last whorl," become gradually evanescent 
 tounii the base *. ' 
 
 221. Cliemnilzin affinia. Comp. M. .'i23, which was identified 
 from Mr. Cumins's specimen. The diagnosis needs the foUowini^ 
 corrections from the type. The "ribs terminate " not very " abruptly 
 at the periphery." Anteriorly very finely striated [i.ot " smooth "]. 
 "^ast whorl" not " ani;nlar at the periphery." Base prolonged. 
 
 ■i prol)ably the adult form of my Cheinnitzifi vnclnta, M. 531, the 
 characteristic fine, waved, spiral strife having escaped the Professor's 
 notice. The only diiierence is that the ribs evanesce more suddenly 
 in the Panama than in the Mazatlan shell, which may be due simply 
 to age. 
 
 222. Chenmifzia cinthrattila, Yiiixt.= ChrysnUi(la clafhrafxiJa, M. 
 .513, which was identified from the Cumingian specimen. The spe- 
 cimens preser\ed as types contain, along with this species, one of 
 ChnjsaUida comminiis, one (almost certaiidy) of Chrijuiillida cffnsa, 
 M. .tIO, and one o( Dimkerin sahangnlafa, M. .537. Some parts of 
 the descri|)ti()n a])pear taken from the latter species: e. (/. the "fivi> 
 or six " spiral lines, of which there are only four in the ChnjsaHidd ; 
 and the angle on the "upper part" of the whorls, which in the 
 latter are well rounded. 
 
 223. Chemnitzia communis, M. .507. This is the type of the 
 genus Chrysallifla : v. A!, pp. 4I(), 420. Prof. Adams's tray con- 
 tains also one si)ecimen of C/iri/sa//iihi effiti^a, M. .510; one of Vhnjs. 
 telescopium, jNI. .50S ; one of Diaikeria subaityulata, M. 537; and 
 one which may be a variety of the latter, or a distinct species. 
 
 224. Chemnitzui y^ncilior. The " well-impressed spiral line" is 
 only seen in some of the whorls. 
 
 225 Chemnitzin ninjor belongs to the section Bunkeria. I counted 
 eighteen (not twenty-tour) ribs. 
 
 226. Chemnitzia maryinatn is a good species of ChrysaUida ; but 
 I could not find the " spiral, compressed ridge." 
 
 227 Chemnitzia panamerisis, M. 518. I counted twenty -four 
 (not twenty-seven) ribs. The tray also contains one specimen of 
 
 * As several errors are here pointed out in the diagnoses of small shells, it is 
 right to state that I'rof. Adams had luit tlie advantage of a microscope during a 
 considerahle portion of tlie work ; nor was the instrument a good one when oli- 
 tained. Moreover tlie incessant demands on his attention as Professor of Astro- 
 uomy a'ld .Matiiematies, as well as of Natural History, and his duties as State 
 Geologist of Vermont, did not leave him nuich time for original research. What 
 he accomplished during his short life is marvellous. Hail that life heen sjiared to 
 revise his works, the uccci^u^ iui uns irieudly criticiism wuuld uot ha\tt iU'uea. 
 
 187 
 
14 DR. P. P. CARPF.NTEU OX TUT PHTLLS OF PANAMA, 
 
 Ch. C-D-.-iifniiisii, M. 51!), with strai'^^ht nil)s ; and one with spiral 
 soiiljjture, wiiioh may belong to C7i. yracilliiiia, M. 530, but wants 
 the produced apex. 
 
 22S. Chemnifzia sirnUit. This speries most nearly resembles 
 arufetts, but is broader, larger, and wiili more ribs, of which I counted 
 iVom twenty to twenty-two (not twelity-six). I should not call tiie 
 whorls "convex." They are, however, more romuled, and the base 
 is more produced, than in the shell called " 1 simi/is," M. ol'O, which 
 is perhaps a variety of panamennis. 
 
 229. Chemiiifzia striosa. The early whorls are very slender. 
 The spiral striae are on the tops of the ribs, ot' which 1 counted from 
 twonty-four to thirty-two (instead of "about forty"). 
 
 230. Chemnitzia turrita. This species includes the " Rissoa, 
 5p. ind." no. 251. 
 
 23 1 . ? Littorina angiosto7na is a Fossarus. 
 
 232. Littorina aspera, ^I. 39". The Mazatlan jjcriwinkles, being 
 in good condition, divide themselves very naturaily into t'.ree 
 .species. The Panama specimens, being generally eroded, are not so 
 easily dealt with. Ot Prof. Adams's sj)ecimens here retained, the 
 majority belong to aspera, altliough several of the smaller ones are 
 pliilifipii, M. 39S. The young appear to be of both species mixed. 
 The " variety " consists of the abnormal tall specimens of conspersa, 
 M. 396, vvith a few very large p/ii/ippii intermixed. 
 
 233. Littorina atrata. This abundant little shell is a Fossarus, 
 of which the Professor's lAdeorbis abjecta, no. 257, is a more ad- 
 vanced form. It is possible that one of the Fossari described in 
 Maz. Cat., nos. 4U4, 405, may be conspecific ; but among the mul- 
 titude of specimens I could not find one with the nuclear whorls 
 sufficiently perfect to decide. Tiie shells vary extremely iu shape 
 nnd sculpture. 
 
 234. Littorina conspersa, M. 396. Smaller and generally more 
 stumpy than the Mazatlan shells, but containing a few specimens of 
 the same extreme forms. 
 
 235. ? Littorina excavata= Fossarus e. 
 
 236. Littorina faseiata, M. 400. The specimens of this species 
 and of L. varia graduate rather closely towards each other. 
 
 237. 1 Littorina foveatn. A good species of Fossarus. Read, 
 **Last whorl angular" at the umbilicus [not " below the middle"]. 
 
 238. ? Littorina megasoma. This is also a good species of FoS' 
 earus. The Professor was doubtful whether to refer these forms to 
 Littorina or to Narica. 
 
 239. Littorina 1 parvula, C. B. Ad. This is not Philippi's L. 
 parvula, but is a dwarf form of the L. jihilippii, M. 398. The Pro- 
 fessor suggests the name L. dubiosa tor this sufficiently well-marked 
 species ; but as he catalogued and distributed his specimens under 
 'I parvula, aud kept others under aspera, it may be best to retain 
 
 188 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 15 
 
 the name philippii under which it has been very extensivelv ctr»*-- 
 lated. 
 
 240. Littorina pulchra. A very rare species, belonging (vritii 
 fasciata and varia) to the Meluraphe group. 
 
 241. Littorina puncticulatu. This Is the normal state of L. con* 
 tpena : v. M. 39f). 
 
 242. Littorina varia : v. note on P. 2.36. 
 
 24.'?. Rissoa clandestina. Three specimens appear of this spetit? 
 o{ Rissnina, closely resembling R. wootfwirdii, M. 410, but with 
 more ribs, and not displaying the intercostal striulse. 
 
 244. Rissoa finnata. Another species of Rissoina, resembling 
 R. strict (I, M. 408, but smaller. Tiie Professor did not observe 
 the fine spiral sculj)ture, as described in no. 2.")0 ; q. v. 
 
 24.5. Rissoa fort is. A good species of Rissoina, differing from 
 R.jamts in the absence of spiral punctures. 
 
 240. 1 Rissoa inconspicua, C. B. Ad., nou Alder. The name 
 being preoccupied, it is fortunate that the unicjue shell proves iden- 
 tical with Alcania tumida, M. 414. I found twenty (not "twelve 
 or fourteen ") ridges, which are not "obsolete," but become fainter 
 anteriorly. The two upper whorls are very finely cancellated. 
 
 247. Rissoa infrequena. The unique specimen of this Rissoina 
 is too much worn for description. It has more than the sixteen ribs ; 
 and the diagnostic marks must be received with caution. 
 
 248. Rissoa janus. The description of this Rissoina is drawTi 
 from a very small, dead, broken specimen, from which the sculpture 
 is almost entirely worn away. The " var. a" should be considered 
 as the tyj)e, being in perfect condition, and the diagnosis be altered 
 as follows : — The "fine crowded spiral striae" are seen all over, as 
 are also the "ribs," which on each whorl "appear as striae," and 
 are not "obsolete near the periphery." The diagnostic character is 
 that the spiral striae are composed of rows of minute dots. 
 
 249. Rissoa notahilis. After drawing this \uiique shell carefully 
 under the microscope, and making copious notes on the diagnosis 
 from the specimen, an untoward cough lodged it among the meshes 
 of the Curator's carpet, whence I endeavoured in vain to extricate it. 
 This unfortunate accident is, however, the less to be regretted, as I 
 caa state with perfect confidence that it was exactly identical with 
 another siiell iu t\\e collection, P. 2aJ, q. v. ; and with M. 498, 
 Parthenia quinquecincta. The " concave summits " of the ril)s imply 
 that the ribs are sharp, with concave interstices ; and the "upper 
 keel " is simply due to the angulation of the whorls. Though tHe 
 lip was bioken, the columellar plait, as well as the sinistral apex, 
 esr,aped the Professor's notice. 
 
 250. Rifisoa scalariformis. This unique specimen is simply the 
 young of Rissoina Jirmata, P. 244; and probably =; Rissoina sp. 
 ind. M. 409. ^gg 
 
IB DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 
 
 251. /?woc/, sp. iiid. This is a broken specimen of Chemnitaa 
 turrita, P. 230. 
 
 2x2. 1 Ciiigula inconspicun. This unfortunate name, liable to be 
 cont'ounded with Ri^soa incnnnpicua, Alder, and IRitssoa incon.spicvn, 
 C. B. Ad., will not be needed, as the type belongs to another sub- 
 order, and =^ ChnjsdIUda oculuin, M. olJ. The Professor did not 
 observe its close relationship with his Chemnitzia communis. 
 
 253. Cinyula paitpercula, C. B. Ad. A good species. 
 
 2.')4. ICingnta terehelhim = Parfhenia exaruta, M. 501. Although 
 I took every pains, in preparing the Maz. C'at., to identify Prof, 
 Adams's specie;*, I was not prepared, in the writings of so careful a 
 naturalist who had devoted special attention to the minute species, 
 to find a Pyramidellid under Trochidae, es[iecially with the mark 
 " apex subacute." The finding of a more perfect .\Iazatlan specimen 
 enables me to add to the diagnosis: — *' vertice nuclfoso parvo, satis 
 extante, decliviter sitn; interstitiis carinarum transversim ruyulusis; 
 labro solidiore. Long. •087, long. spir. 057, lat. "Oob." 
 
 255. 1 Cit)(/ula turrita ( + P. 249, Itisson n()fabiH>i) = Parfhpnia 
 quinquecincta, M. -498. When a shell is described under two genera 
 in the same sheet, the advocates of unbendiiig priority will find it 
 difhcult to decide. As each name belongs to a widely removed 
 family, that last giveu is at least the most correct and distinctive. 
 
 25G. 1 Litiopa saxicola. The Professor states that this "shell 
 has the appearance of a Litiopa ;" but it wants both the peculiar 
 nucleus and the semitruncated columella ; Jilso that the " labium 
 has a distinct deposit," of which I could not see any trace in either 
 of the specimens. It is probably a t'ingula. 
 
 257. 1 Adeorbis abjecta. This is the adult form of the shell, of 
 which P. 233, Littorina atrata, is the young. The strise are seen on 
 the lower as well as the "upper part of the whorls." The umbili- 
 cus, though "small" for an Adeorbis, is rather large for a Fossarus, 
 to which genus the species undoubtedly belongs. 
 
 258. Vitrinella concinna. I could not find the " more or less 
 distinct ridge between the first two keels." 
 
 259. Vitrinella exiffua = yi. 305. The omissions in the Pro- 
 fessor's diagnoses of this and other species, being supplied in the 
 Maz. Cat., need not be repeated here: v. M. pp. 236-247. 
 
 2G0. Vitrinella j anus. The Professor does not mention the fifth 
 keel, which bounds the umbilicus, and within which are the " minute 
 spiral striae." The " transverse striae " are strong between keels 
 2, 3, and 4 ; faint between 4 and 5, and between 1 and 2 ; and eva- 
 nescent near the suture. . 
 
 261. Vitrinella niinuta. The original type of this species accords 
 better with Ethalia than with Teinostoma, to which I had referred 
 the Cumiugian type. 
 
 2G2. ViirincL'a modesta. The " modesty " of this unique shell is 
 
 190 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTER OS THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 17 
 
 coordinate with considerable attrition, ami an umbilicus tilb'd with 
 dirt. It a[)peared to me rei^ularly rounded, witiiout any ke .1. The 
 "few spiral striae" are probably the remains of what oace covered 
 the whole surface. 
 
 203. Fitrinella pana)nensts=M. 295, 
 
 26-4. Vitrinella parva=^\\. 296, 
 
 26.5. Vitrinella perparva—\L 304. The coronation of the upper 
 keel is seen (though not described) in the type si)eci'nen. 
 
 266. Vitrinella regularis. The unicpie shell can hai-dly be called 
 " subdiscoidal," since the '* spire is convex, moderately elevated. 
 
 I could not find the "impressed spiral line." It belongs to Ethalia. 
 
 267. Vitrinella seminuda. The unique type of this species also 
 is much worn. I could not discover the " minute strife of growth." 
 Beneath, there are five spiral lira;, and a few spiral striae near the 
 mouth. The umbilical region and the base have tine radiating distant 
 striae. It comes nearest to V. carinulata, M. 309, but is distinct. 
 
 268. Vitrinella tricarinnta. This unique type is also worn. 
 The spiral keels are scarcely " prominent," that on the periphery 
 being decidedly faint. The " transverse striae " are between the 
 suture and the nearest rib. The umbilical striaj are very faint. 
 
 26!). Vitrinella vulvatoides. This species probably belongs to 
 Ethalia. Beside the keels, there are three ol)soleie spiral lirae — two 
 on the base, and one above the periphery. Tlie umbilicus is bounded 
 by a long, thin callosity, which gives a character to the shell inter- 
 mediate between the two genera. 
 
 2/0. Solarium, sp. ind. a. Of the form represented by this 
 species and the next I have been able to examine a large number of 
 specimens collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xantus, and in the 
 Gulf of .Mexico. I know of no mark bv which to distinguish the 
 shells from the two oceans. From each locality they vary greatly 
 in the size of the umbilicus, and in the strength of sculpture, number 
 of knobs, &c. I should consider them all as varieties of .S'. yranii- 
 latiim. Lam. S. qaailriceps, lids., appears distinct, though it may 
 only be an extreme variety. 
 
 271. Solarinm, sp. ind. b. This contains the specimens with 
 coarser scul[)ture than the last. 
 
 2/2. Solarium, sp. ind c. This is a distinct species of Torinia, 
 having the size and general aspect of Helix rotundata. 
 
 273. Trochus cateniiliitiis:= Modulus c, M. 401. 
 
 274. Trochus coronulatHs=-Oinj)halius c. This species reappears 
 at Cape St. Lucas, and is closely allied to O. liyulatus, M. 293. 
 
 27.5. Trochus leanus^=Calliostoma I. This distinctive generic 
 name is strongly to be preferred to the sptcitic Ziziphinus. 
 
 276. T'orhus lima. This shell exactly accoras witli Calliosfuma 
 antouii, Koch, in Mus. Cumiiig. 
 
 191 
 
18 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE S«ELLS OF PANAMA, 
 
 277. Trochus liridus = Modulus discvlus, ]\I. 403. 
 
 278. Trochus panamensis=^ Omphalius p. A good species, thonc^h 
 Apparently very rare ; for I had the pleasure of adding it to the 
 (Jumingian collection. 
 
 279. Trochus peUis-serpentis= Tegula p. 
 
 280. Trochus reticulatus^= Omphalius riridiilus, M. 292. This 
 is the common Trochid of the Panama region, as is Ufjulutus of the 
 Mazatlan. 
 
 281. Tnrho buschii=Uvanilla inermis, M. 287. This shell ap- 
 pears to replace U. olivacea in the southern fauna. Besides the dif- 
 ferences indicated in Maz. Cat. p. 229, the operculum is quite 
 distinct. 
 
 282. ? Turbo phasianella=Colloma ph.: not (JMelaraphe) pha- 
 sianella, Phil. 
 
 28.3. Turbo rutilus. The unique type is in miserable condition, 
 to which the "bright red with pale streaks" is owing. The shell 
 may possibly have been ori^iinally a Poniuulax undosus, which is 
 Truly a Lower Calit'ornian species. It appears, however, to be a 
 favourite with sailors, as specimens are continually ap[)earing, not 
 only high and low on the West Coast, but also from the Pacific 
 Islands. The specimens brought by Couim. Wilkes's U.S. Expl. Exp. 
 vere obtained in N. S. Wales 1 Prof. Adams's fragments were pro- 
 bably due to ballast. 
 
 284. Turbo snxosus-=Callopoma snxosum. This replaces the C. 
 fuctuosum of the Gulf, M. 282, and the C. tesseltatum of Lower 
 California. The "var. depressuiu" of P. Z. S., 18J.), I believe to 
 be really a Senectus from the Pacific Islands. 
 
 28.T. Scalaria hexagonn, C. B. Ad.: non Sbv., M. .")G4. The 
 Professor's shell is (I think) one of the species I described in P. Z s. 
 from Mr. Bridges's collection ; but the distinctions in this genus are 
 too critical to decide without comparison of types. Tliis shell is 
 broad ; whorls very separate ; varices long and sharp ; epirally 
 finely striated. 
 
 286. Sciihtrin obfnsa, C. B. Ad. ; ? non Shy. This P,l^=o jyipeared 
 to me one o^" Mr. Bridges's species. It is a very pretty shell, with 
 close, ali.arp, coronated varices. 
 
 287. Scalaria, sp. ind. a. Like the next, but larger, and with 
 spiral strieT between the extremely crowded, sharp varices. 
 
 288. Scalaria, sp. ind. 6. Of the Clathratula type, without spiral 
 sculpture. 
 
 289. Scalaria, sp. ind. e, is probably the young of Cirsotrema 
 fvniculatum, M. 5{j9, which, with its congeners, may be removed to 
 Opalia. 
 
 290. Eulima iota. This shell, which is a Leiostraca (not "1 Sfij- 
 lifer"), is probably distinct from the -Mazatlan fornij M. ;).j5, which 
 siiuuld stand as L. retejcta, 
 
 192 
 
DR P. P. rAUPwrrn on the siif,m-s of Panama. 19 
 
 2f)l. Eu'inta recta. The type is a very jroofl speries of Lp!o- 
 ttraca ; but I (loiil)t its identity with the Cnnuu;;ian specimen, with 
 which the Miiziitlaii sliell, M. .'*.■)(), was compared. It a.ost resembles 
 the L. /inearin, M. .')."> I, with wldch it agrees in divergence and 
 general siiape ; but that is very nmch snialler, with the upper whorls 
 more tumid. In the Professor's type of L. recta, I searched in vain 
 for traces of the " two brown spots." They were probal)ly thrown 
 hy defective light. Tlie '* two opatjue spiral bands " are simply the 
 effect of the suture, and the previous whorl showing through. For 
 the Mazatlan shell, M. ."(.'(O, I propose the name of L. involuta. 
 
 292. Eulima solitaria. This also is a Leiostraca, not " 1 Sti/- 
 li/er,'^ and accords exactly with the Leiostraca, sp. iiid. a, .M. .5.52, 
 but not with tlie supp(3sed L. solitaria, M. ,5.")!. The latter agrees 
 in shape with the unique Panama shell, whorl for whorl ; but its 
 base and labrum are much more produced anteriorly. For this rea- 
 son, it may be known as L. producta. 
 
 293. Pyramidella, sp. ind. This is probably the Obeliscua de- 
 scribed in Maz. Cat. no. 486. 
 
 294. Pijramidella conica = Obeliscus conicus, C. B. Ad., not 
 M. 486. 
 
 29.T. Nntica chemnifzii'=N. maroccana, M. .570. The Professor 
 first labelled these shells " N. 1 maroccana, Chem.," but crossed it off 
 in pencil. Another tray appeared (without number) labelled " ]uiii- 
 fasciata. Lam." They all belong to the large M est Coast form of 
 maroccana. [N.B. The shells described in P. Z. S. as " var. cali- 
 fornica,'' on the authority of the late Mr. Nuttall, are (with others 
 from the same source) undoul)tedly from the Sandwich Islands. 
 The Pacific specinu-ns (of which I have examined many thousands, 
 brought by Comm. Wilkes's E. E.) present a very different ty])e from 
 those of the west coasts of Africa and America; but are regarded 
 by Mr. Cuming as only a local variety.] 
 
 296. Natica 1 lurida. These shells are simply a pale variety of 
 N. maroccana. 
 
 297. Natica otis, C. B. Ad. (not Brod. & Shy.). These shells 
 appear to be the young of Polinices " salanyonensis," P. 2C8. 
 
 298. Natica 1 salanyonensis. I had no opportunity of comparing 
 this Polinices with the species of liccluz. 
 
 299. Natica sou/eyetiana. The shells closely resemble N. ma- 
 roccana, but with a larger umbilicus. 
 
 300. Natica Ivirginea, C. B. Ad. (not 'Ktc\.^ =■ Polinices uber, 
 M. 576. 
 
 301. Natica, sp. ind. a. There is no ticket answering to this 
 number, which was probably intended for the ^^ maroccana, var. 
 *' unifusciata." 
 
 302. Natica, sp. ind. b. The shells are marked e, and are the 
 young of Polinices uber, P. 300, M. .576. 
 
 13 193 
 
2f* DR. P. V. CAHPFNTKR ON THE SHKLLS OF PANAMA. 
 
 .'?03. Xnfico, s|). iiid. c. The shell is marked _/", and is pr(ib«I)ly 
 = A^. hancti 
 
 304. Kerita scahricnsta^^l. 326. After examining a multitude 
 of specimens from ditt'erent parts of the coast, I have not the slijj;htest 
 doubt of the identity of the forms called ornata and deshiujesii. 
 
 305. Nerita, sp. ind. a=N. bernhardi, M. 327. > 
 
 306. Neritina guaynqnilensis. Stet. -{■ N. intennedia, Sby. 
 
 307. Neritina picta=-'ii\.. 329. 
 
 308-316. Stent. The shells described as "Auricula " belong to 
 Melampus. 
 
 317. Truncatella hatrdiana. A good species. 
 
 318. 11 Truncatella duhiosa. This belongs to Hydrohia or some 
 similar Rissoid. 
 
 319. Bulla (Tornatina) infreqiiens=Tornatina i., M. 222. 
 
 320. liiilln {Cytichna) luticol(t = CyUchna I., :^r. 221. The Ma- 
 zatlan shell is much more constricted than most of Prof. Adams's 
 specimens. 
 
 321. Bulla puncfulata = B. adamsi,^l. 224. The B. punctata, 
 A. Ad. = />*. punctutata, A. Ad., but is not the B. punctulata, 
 C. B. Ad. = /f. puncticulata, C. B. Ad., MS. on ticket. 
 
 322. Bulla, sp. md.^Tornatina carinata, M. 223. 
 
 323. Vermetus 1 glomeratus, C. B. Ad. (not Bivonia glomerata, 
 Lam.)= V. eburneus, ^[. 354. The shells sometimes assume a ru- 
 fous tint in the later whorls, in which state (if the Turritelloid apex 
 be concealed) it is liable to be confounded with Aletes centiquadrus. 
 Some of the Professor's shells belong to the latter species. 
 
 324. Vermetus panamensis, C. B. Ad. (1 Kouss.')^ Aletes centi- 
 quadrus, M. 352. 
 
 325. Stomatella ivflata is a Lamellaria with broken lip and very 
 much curved columella : v. M. 5/7. [A Sigaretus, with somewhat 
 sharper columella than the ordinary W. Indian form, was found 
 among the Professor's duplicate Panama shells ; but as it does not 
 occur either in the catalogue or the collection, it was probably dropped 
 in from the Jamaica series.] 
 
 326. Hipponyx, sp. ind. Of the Professor's "two small speci- 
 mens " marked " subni/a, jun.," one is H. grayanus, jun., M. 350. 
 The other may be the same, but is probably the young of H. bar- 
 batus. Neither are sufficiently perfect to determine with confidence. 
 
 327. Hipponyx Ibarbata. Part of these specimens belong to H. 
 barbatus, M. 349 ; i)art to H. grayanus ; part are too much wora 
 to determine ; and one is a valve of Discina cumingii. 
 
 328. Hipponyx panamensis=^ II. antiquatus, 'SI. 347- The species 
 is very widely diffused, and varies greatly in each locality. 
 
 329. Hipponyx radiata=^H. grayanus, M. 350. The collection 
 
 194 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTFR ON THE SHEM.S OF PANAMA. 21 
 
 also contains a tray labelled " Pannnia : C. B. Ad. don.," in which 
 are Hippotiyx serratus, M. 346, //. hinljiitvs, and Gai/itiia /leutai/"- 
 niostoma, M. 270. This last name should he dropped, exetpt a> a 
 variety of G. stellata. Shy., which is the nortnal state : v. B. A. llep. 
 1857, pi. 7. f. 3, a~g. 
 
 330. Cuhjptraa nherrans. The Professor candidly allows that 
 " in texture this shell much resembles a valve of an Anomia," which 
 it undoubtedly is, the supposed "probably imperfect cup" being 
 the lijraniental pit. The larjje muscular scar is very clearly de- 
 veloped ; but the others are faint, as is customary in young shells, 
 and might stand for either Anomia or Placunanomia. The valve is 
 thin and glossy inside. The outside is smooth, excepting the lines 
 of growth, and is encrusted with beautiful zoophytes. A tiny Ser- 
 pula, which has coiled itself close to the umbo, carries out the idea 
 of a Calyptrseid spiral apex ; but a careful microscopic examination 
 displayed the true Anomoid nucleus, at a little distance from the 
 margin, as is common in the Mazatlan specimens of A. latnpe, 
 M. 219. 
 
 331. Cahjptreea (Si/pfiopatella) aspersa=^ C alerus conicus, very 
 worn and young, with the lamina broken away. One of the speci- 
 mens may perhaps be mamillaris. 
 
 332. Calyptrcea cepacea=M. 345. 
 
 333. Calyptrcea conica. These are dead specimens, of which a 
 few may be the true Ga/erus conicus, ^I. 332. But most of them 
 belong to the brown-tinted variety of (the Professor's G. re(/ulan«=) 
 mamiHaris : v. no. 340. 
 
 334. Calyptrcea dentata= Crucibulum imbricatum, M. 343. 
 
 335. Calyptrcea hispida= Crucibulum sjnnosum, M. 344. 
 
 3>i6. Calyptrtea imbricata. The two specimens are too much 
 worn to affiliate with confidence, the cups being broken out. The 
 outside is ril)bed, v^ith arrow-headed striae between the ribs. They 
 probably = Crucibulum i., var. 
 
 337. Calyptrcea macHlata= Crucibulum spinosvm, ^l. 344. See 
 the attempt to unravel the confusion in the synonymy of this family 
 in Maz. Cat. pp. 264-29.T. Three specimens marked by the Pro- 
 fessor " C. maculata, var.," are young, dead radiata, no. 339. 
 
 338. Calyptrcea planulata. This unique shell is simply a young, 
 flat C. cepacea, with the cup prominent, and the outside sculpture 
 faintly developed, from living in a hollow place. The striae are not 
 "obsolete around the apex." 
 
 339. Calyptrcea radiata-= Crucibulum r. This rare and beautiful 
 species is quite distinct, even in the early stages, from all varieties 
 of C. spinosum. 
 
 340. CalyptrcBa {Syphopatella) reffularis=Galerua mamillaris, 
 M. 333. 
 
 341. Calyptrcea umbrella= Crucibulum u. (=C. rudis, Bred.). 
 
 195 
 
22 DR. p. p. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 
 
 3-42. Calyptrren V.tnigntg, C. B. Ad. =iCrucifjulum spinnfvm, jnn. 
 (not GdhriLs iiiif/itis, IJrod.). 
 
 313. Crcpiilnia rerithiicola. Most of tlic speciiiiciis are the joung 
 of C. onyx, JM. 340 ; but a few are of V. incurva, M. 33'J. 
 
 34-1. Crepidula echinus =C. acuieata, M. 334. 
 
 34"). Vrepidula excavata, M. 33/. > 
 
 340. ('rfj)i(lula 1 hej)afica=C. onyx, M. 340. 
 
 34". i'repidula incurva, INI. 339. A very interestinfj sories of 
 specimens; of which two or three are prohably the tw>steil form of 
 V. onyx. One tray contains specimens adlierinp to other shells. 
 One, fixed diagonally on a Valliostuma, takes exactly the arrow- 
 headed sculpture of the var. Val. imhricata, Brod. Another, prown 
 diasjonally on Pisania yemmafa, has the general aspect of a Chiton. 
 One, fixed on the back of its neighbour which has grown on a Cal- 
 liostoma, has the granular interruptions of the ribs transmitted 
 through the first specimen. The same is true of one which haa 
 grown on another which was planted on a Pisattia. One specimen, 
 which had established itself on a VaUiostoma, and began with normal 
 ribs, is losing these at the margin, adopting the sculpture of the 
 Trochid. An extremely twisted specimen iu the tray of separate 
 shells has a bifid deck. A young one had edged itself into the apical 
 part of the deck, as into a maternal pouch ; so the old one made a 
 fresh deck over it. 
 
 348. Crepidula lessonii. Most of the specimens are of C. nivea, 
 var., M. 341. Two shells, which have the apex perfect, display the 
 characteristic nuclear riblets. One dark-coloured specimen may be 
 a hybrid, and another (though too much worn for confident affilia- 
 tion) ai)pears to be C. nn gin for mis. Among the duplicates, all the 
 specimens which were perfect at the apex presented the niveoid 
 nucleus, though white ; but generally the riblets were more or less 
 worn off. 
 
 349. Crepidula squama. These are the flat form (mostly dead 
 and worn) of C. nivea, M. 341. Some of them pass into lessonii. 
 Some are highly coloured, and may be the young of C. onyx ; one 
 even of C. incurva. One of the young shells in phial appears to be 
 C. onyx ; but whenever the apex is perfect, it presents the typical 
 riblets : v. Maz. Cat. in loco. 
 
 3.50. Crepidula unguiformis. The apex being hidden in dead 
 shells, which I was not at liberty to break away, I could only exa- 
 mine one specimen, which appeared to be a C. nivea, var., as sup- 
 posed in Maz. Cat. p. 28o. Of the loose specimens, scarcely any 
 are sufficiently perfect at the apex to sj)eak with confidence. Most 
 of them, however, have the characteristic painting of the variety 
 g()uuma ; and all may belong to the common species (C. nivea), ex- 
 cept one which is a true C. unguiformis, M. 342, on the back of 
 another shell, and a few which are probably C. onyx, var. Of the 
 d'lplicates, which I was at liberty to extract from the dead shells, 
 
 196 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON TIIR )>HELLS OF PANAMA. C3 
 
 son"*" <»»• iindduljtfdly ('. tiirca ; otliers truly C. viijjiii/oriniH ; niid 
 otldTS probalily ('. nirea, but witli tlie riblcts woru away by tlie 
 crabs. 
 
 S.*)!. Crepidtila nivea, 31.311. Tlie specimens are small Jiii I 
 poor; mostly rougli, of the aru'ty .sfrio/a fa passiuj; into Icssimii, 
 ^Vlu•r(>vc^ tbe ape\ is pcrtVct, it pic^t'iits tlie cliaiacteristie ribUts, 
 but is ^n-uernliy white, not brown as in most of the tiucly grown 
 Mazatlan shills. 
 
 i;"*2. i'ri'pidvla osrulans. Tin-* is a pc^ect and extremely Ix'fin- 
 tifnl specimen of Scutellinn nnrici'lloi'lfs, M. 'liW). The I'mt •»or 
 did not observe the non-spiral patelloid apex, and re^anled the 
 " navicelloid " columellaas an extremely narrow deck. To tbe diag- 
 nosis in the Maz. Cat. nuiy now be added " apice ohtusu, suhlicci ; 
 vertice haud spirqli, vix conspicuo." 
 
 .S53. Crepidula rostrafn=C. ndiuira, ^l. 33S, ?iion Sby. The 
 examination of a large series of specimens from the teinj)erate fauna 
 has led me unexpectedly to confiim Mr. Heeve's opinion tiiat they 
 are distinct. The northern shell is C (ii/imcu, Sby. (^(tar/iofiu 
 [Gray] solida, IIds.:=C ros/rijoniiis, Gld.) ; and t. tropical ?!iell 
 must take the prior name, C. unvutu, Mkc. ( = C. rustratu, (J. li. Ad., 
 Rve. = C aduncu, Maz. Cat., non Shy.). 
 
 354. Fissurella (equalis= Fissure/lidtea te. 
 
 355. Fissurella alta^Gbiphis alta, M. 280. 
 
 356. Fissurella macrotrema. Stet. 
 
 357. Fissurella microtremu. These are dead specimens, of which 
 some are F. ruyosa, var., M . 273. 
 
 358. Fissurella nms=^GIi/phis incequnlis, var., ]M. 2/9. These 
 shells are intermediate between tbe typical form and /Jtca. 
 
 359. 360. Stent. 
 
 361. Fissurella virescens. It is doubtful whether any of the spe- 
 cimens are of the true virescens, IVl. 271, as they run into niijro- 
 punctata by insensible gradations. I'ei baps both species may pio^e 
 identical. 
 
 362. Siphonaria characterisfica = S. yiyas, var. 
 
 363. 364, 365. Stent. 
 
 366. Siphonaria 1 pica. These are young dead limpets (not 
 Siphonarice). 
 
 3C7. Lottia 1 patina, C. B. Ad. (non Esch.). These shells differ 
 from Acmcea mesoleuca, M. 263, iu being black instead of greeu, and 
 are prettily striped. 
 
 368, 369, 370. Lottia, sp. ind. There may be two or even more 
 species of Acmaea, but it is not impossible that there is only one 
 among the professor's Lottise, some of the specimens being tie 
 young of ? I'atella, no. 371. ,q« 
 
21 DR. r. V. CARPKNTEH ON TIIK SUn.I.S OF PANAMA. 
 
 .<7I. ? P'ifrlfa, sp. imi. This has the general ajijiearaiice of/*. 
 rii/'/fita, l)nt may he an Anium. 
 
 '■S72. Chiton rinthralita. (Genns indet.) 
 
 373. ChUim dispur, C. B. Ad.; not Lojihyms dispar. Shy. I 
 doulit wluthcr any of the Professor's s})eciniens helong to Sowtrby's 
 species, whicli is black mixed with grey ; area-sculpture very faint; 
 and sides inibricited, not rugnlose. Among the dupHcates were two 
 (if not three) species: — the principal one with side-sculpture in lobated 
 knobs, which may be named Lop/njnis adamsii ; a ^variety with 
 simple knobs ; and a well-marked species without distinct bide areas, 
 which may be called Lophi/rus tenuisculptua. 
 
 374. Chiton Vuridua. Probably correct. 
 
 375. Chiton pulchelhts=. Cullochiton p. + C. eletiensis. 
 
 376. Chiton stoke8ii=^Lophijrus s. 
 
 377. Anemia lampe, C. B. Ad. It is doubtful whether this is 
 identical with the northern species, M. 219. 
 
 378. Anomia tenuis. This is probably the young of the last 
 species, and may give it a name, if new. It is doubtfid how the 
 diagnosis of the scars was made out ; as they were not visible in 
 either of the specimens retained, being encrusted with dead auimal 
 matter. They were not distinct even after its removal. 
 
 379. Anomia, sp. ind. a. Probably the same species as the two 
 last, although far too dead, worn, and young to deci le. See notea 
 on the variations of A. lampe, Maz. Cat. p. 168. 
 
 380. Ostrea, sp. ind. a. The hinge notches of the upper valve 
 fit between corresponding teeth in the lower. Inside rather flesh- 
 coloured ; white, round margin. Scar kidney-sha])ed, dark in one 
 valve, light in the other. A young valve is white, and as pearly as 
 U. iridescens, M. 211. The species is best known by its tendency 
 to make a very broad limb in the exterior coloured part, spreading 
 out into palmations. A very young specimen, though covered above 
 with Meiiibranipurce, shows the characteristic corrugations through. 
 It may stand provisionally as O. panamensis. 
 
 3S1. Ostrea, sp. ind. b. This is ])robablv a variety of O. pana- 
 mensis, but more coarsely grown, so that there is a smaller limb, 
 without j)almations. Wherever the sculpture appears, there are evi- 
 dent traces of the peculiar corrugations. The inside has the same 
 characters, both of hinge, colour, iridescence, and scar. 
 
 382. Ostrea, sp. ind. c. Rather square hinge, without plications ; 
 one shell with an umbonal cavity. Pearly white. One specimen is 
 tinted on the sear, which may become coloured in the adult. It is 
 by no means "pentangular," and is more probably = 0. rvfa, Gld., 
 than O. columliensis, M. 213. 
 
 383. Ostrea, sp. ind. d. The shells are broader than the ]\razatlan 
 specimens of O. virginicn, ]M. 212, probablv from not growing on 
 twigs. The younger shells are very like 0. edulis ; the older ones 
 
 198 
 
T)R. P. P. CARPFNTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. -J 
 
 have hollow lunbos. One lonr; shell, fir»t iimikecl f, hut al'cn li to 7, 
 is the adult toriii ; several of the yoiiiii;er siielU are iluuljt.ul. 
 
 HS4. (htrea, sp.ind. e. = ()/ifrea, >[,'il.i. Being h good sppcies, 
 I propose the name of O. amura. The ]'rofes>or's " small var." is 
 not plieatfd, and ni)|iears to helong to O. rDurhfiphiht, M. '1\A. 
 [N.B. Additional speeiniens coiiHrm me \n tiie belief that O. pal- 
 mulot M. 214 h, is a distinct species.] 
 
 aHJ. Spondijlun lumurckii, C. B. Ad. = 5. calclfer, M, 20H. 
 
 386. Spondijlus, sp. ind. a = Plivatula penicillata, M. 210. 
 
 387. Pecten inca = P. ventricosus, Sby., as in errata. 
 
 388. Pecten tumbezeniiis = P. aspersus, Sby., Ilanl. (? Lam.). 
 
 381). Lima anyvluta. Shells inflated, not gaping. 
 
 390. Lima pacijica (=L. urcuata, Sby., Ilanl.). Young shells, 
 species uncertain. 
 
 3!M. Aviculu liiinrgaritifi'rn^Mnryarlfiphnrn fmhriata, Dkr., 
 M. 204 = , v. maziilluuica, Hanl.=Ji. baihata, live. 
 
 392. Avicula sterna, INI. 203. A. lihella, Rve,, appears to me 
 the young of this s|)ecies. 
 
 393. Perna, sp. ind. a = Isoffnomon chemnitziana, M. 20.). 
 
 394. Perna, sp. ind. i = /. chemnitziana, var. Rather more 
 finely grown, and with less colour, but certainly the same species. 
 The Professor's Jamaica specimens are labelled " bicolor, Ad." 
 
 39.i. Pinna maura, M. 200. 
 
 396. Pnna tuberculosa. Three of the specimens appear to me 
 = f . hiuura, jun. The other may be the same, but is worn nearly 
 smooth. 
 
 397. Mytilus, sp. ind. a. Resembles the young of Modiola bra- 
 sinensis, but with a few hinge-teeth, as in 3/. edulis. 
 
 398. Lithodumus, sp. ind. a. Most of these specimens are of 
 Lithophuyns uristatus, M. 176 ; one (perha|)s two) are L, attenua- 
 tus, M. 173 (which is found from Lower California to Chili) ; and 
 one appears to be L. plumula, M. 1 75 ; but they are too young to 
 decide with confidence. 
 
 399. Modiola 1 semifusca. These specimens all helong to the M. 
 brasiliensis, M. 171, but are much more like the ordinary Brazilian 
 specimens than are those from Mazatlan. As compared with the 
 latter, the Panama shells are more rounded, with stronger posterior 
 grooving, and with the angular ridge less marked. A i.imiiar shell, 
 undoubtedly from New Zealand, is considered by Mr. Cumiug con- 
 specitic. 
 
 400-404. Modiola, sp. ind. a, b, c, d, e, I could find no a or * 
 in the collection; but there were two trays marked y. Tray 6 = J/. 
 ci/pax, M. 170. c contains several specimens of Mi/ fihis mulli/ormis, 
 "M. 108, strongly ribbed variety, perhaps intended lor b, no. 401. 
 
 199 
 
26 DR. p. p. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 
 
 d contains parts of six specimens, and perhaps should be a, no. 400. 
 They appiar to be a variety vi^ Lith(ij)li(i(jus cinnantomeus, M. 1/7, 
 but with broken shells, &c., airgiiitiiiized on the posterior side. /(I) 
 contains four S|iecin)ens of M. niultlforiiiin, the seniigreeuish variety 
 (Maz. Cat. p. Ill)), and are probably intended fore. / {-) contains 
 two specimens of the same variety of J/, multijunnis, in the burrow 
 of a Lithophayns, and may stand for d or e. 
 
 40.T. Chamn huddia}ia-= C. {Ifrondosa, \{iT.)/ornicata, M. 121,6. 
 Additional specimens confirm me in regarding this species as distinct 
 from all varieties oi frondosn. The Professor's shells riot being very 
 characteristic, the diagnosi s do not exacth accord. The shell stands 
 as C buddiana. 
 
 406. Chaiiia 1 corrufjata. The large valve appears a dead reversed 
 C {frondosa) mexicona, M. 121, with the teeth perforated by Li- 
 fhophagi. The other may be corriujata, very dead, of sienna-tint, 
 very pointed dorsally. 
 
 407. Chama echinata. These appear to me to be ttiC young, partly 
 of C. buddiana, but principally of t'. mexicaiia. 
 
 408. Nucula elenensis=^Leda e., M. 199. 
 
 409. Nucula exigua, M. 198, 
 
 410. Nucula poliia=Leda p. With semidia^onal lines. 
 
 411. Pectunculus assimi/is+P. incEqualis, M. 190, 
 
 412. Pectunculus hnaculatus. Stet. 
 
 413. Area alternata=^ Barbatia a., M. 188. 
 
 414. Area laviculuides appears a young Scapharca. 
 
 415. Area emarginata=^ Scapharca e., M. 187. 
 410. Area gradata^=Barbatia g.,^1. 194. 
 
 417. Area grandis, M. 180. 
 
 418. Area mutabilis=^Bijssoarca m., M. 190. 
 
 419. Area {Byssoarcu) pholadiformis. This is simply an elon- 
 gated form of Barbatia gradata, probably from growing in the hole 
 of a Lithophugus. The umbos are " flattened " by erosion ; teeth 
 not " obsolete " under the glass ; " ligameut concealed " simply by 
 the compressed and elongated growth. 
 
 420. Area reeviaiia=^ Barbatia r. 
 
 421. Area recersa = Noetia r., M. 185. 
 
 422. Area similis. This is scarcely a var' ,.y of ^. tuberculosa, 
 TV[. 1»4. The specimens are dead and oiled, with most of the epi- 
 dermis abraded. 
 
 423. Area soUda — Barbatia s., M. 195. 
 
 424. Area {Byssoarcu) tobagensis=- Barbatia illota, M. 193. 
 
 425. Area tuberculosa, M. 184. 
 
 426. Area, sp. ind. a. These little shells approach the Noffi'a 
 
 200 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON HIE feHKLLS OF PANAMA. 27 
 
 type. Ribs fine, tuberculous, cor.rse on the angular side. Ligaaicut 
 very narrow, truncated. 
 
 427. Cardita ajffinis. (Lazaria.) 
 
 428. Cardita latieostata^Venericardia I. 
 
 429. Cardita radiata. (^Lazaria.) 
 
 430. Cardium graniferum, M. 134. 
 
 431. Cardium obocaie^Heinicardia o, 
 
 432. Cardium planicostatum, C. B. Ail., not Sby. This looks like 
 a dead ballast-valve of Hemicardia media ; but it may be ti. biati' 
 guluta. 
 
 433. Cardium procerum, M. 12.5. 
 431. Cardium senticosum, M. 120. 
 
 435. Venus lamathusia^ Anomalocardia snhimhricata, M. 113. 
 
 436. Venus discors=Tapes fjratus. Say, ^l. 110. The Professor's 
 specimens of this species and T. histrionicus are somewhat inter- 
 mixed. 
 
 437. Venus gnidia, M. 101. Dead specimens ; of which one may 
 possibly be Chione amathusia, M. 102. 
 
 438. Venus multicostata. Closely resembling the West Indian 
 form. 
 
 439. Venus pectunculoides=^Tapes histrionicus, ^1. 109. 
 
 440. Venus subruffosa = Anomalocardia s., ^E. 112. 
 
 441. Venus, sp. ind. a. A small species with concentric laminae, 
 armed with one posterior row of blunt spines. Interstices with mi- 
 nute concentric striae. 
 
 442. Venus, sp. ind. b=Chione crenifera, M. l(iJ=V. sugillata, 
 Rve. C. I. no. 43. 
 
 443. Ci/therea affinis. VTo\>aM\\-=CaUista concinna, var., M. 99. 
 
 444. Cijtherea aurantiaca^= Callistu aurantia, M. 92. 
 
 445. Cijtherea consanguinea-=CaUista c. Messrs. II. and A. 
 Adams have not made a subgenus to include this group of thin, in- 
 flated, almost colourless species. 
 
 446. Cijtherea radiafa=.Trigona r., M. 83. 
 
 447. Cijtherea squaUda=-Cal[ista chioneea, M. 93. 
 
 448. Artemis dunkeri = J)nsiiila d., M. 90. 
 
 449. Artemis sacettta=Cgclina subquadrata, M. 91. 
 
 450. Gouldia pacijica, yi. 116. 
 
 451. Cgrena maritima. Stet. The collection also contains two 
 tubes, containing a very young "ICydas" and another " Cyrenu, 
 jun.," marked "Panania,"C. B. Ad." 
 
 452. Lucina tellinoides= Fcfania t. Differs from F. sericata, 
 
 201 
 
y.1 r>R. p. p. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 
 
 M. 152, in having a yellow, not silky, epidermis. The specimens 
 varv considerably in thickness. The genus scarcely differs from 
 Mi'ltha. 
 
 453. Capsa aJtior=Iph!genia a., M. 69. 
 
 454. Donax assimilis, M. 74. 
 
 455. Donax yracilis. Stet. 
 
 456. Donax navicula, M. 77. 
 
 457. Donax rostratus. This single valve proves to be the true 
 D. carinatus, M. 71, and not the shell which I called D. cuhninatu.", 
 M. 72 {=^carinafus, var., Hani, in Mus. Cum.), which I subse- 
 quently affiliated to the supposed roatratus, Maz. Cat. p. 548, on the 
 authority of Dr. Gould's specimen. We were probably both misled 
 by the " very sharp angle," which (as compared with the other form) 
 J should call rounded, and the "concave" surface, which I should 
 translate into flat. The names have been altered in the Cumingian 
 collection since the Mazatlan shells were identified ; but Mr. Hanley 
 informs me that they are now correct ; that the D. culminatus, M. 
 72, is his own original carinatus; and that the D. carinatus, M. 71 
 (olim Mus. Cum.), which is certainly D. rostratus, P. 457, must 
 btand under Prof. Adams's name. 
 
 458. Tellina aurora. Stet. 
 
 459. Tellina cognata, C. B. XA=iPsammobia casta, Rve., teste 
 Cuming. The sculpture consists of semidiagonal striae passing over 
 the lines of growth. In other specimens examined from Panama 
 t;iese are sometimes crowded, sometimes distant, occasionally flex- 
 uous, sometimes almost evanescent. 
 
 460. Tellina columbiensis (Peron<sa.) 
 
 461. Tellina concinna=Macoma c. The " slight tinge of pink" 
 I could not discover. 
 
 462. Tellina crystaUina=-Tellidora c. 
 
 463. Tellina cumingii, M. 55. 
 
 464. Tellina domljei/i= Macoma d., M. 50. 
 
 465. Tellina /elix, M. 51. (Angiilus.) 
 
 466. Tellina laceridens. (Peronceoderma.) 
 
 467. Tellina prora. (^Peronaoderma.) 
 
 468. Tellina puella. Not unlike r./e/jcT, and distinct from M. 59. 
 
 469. Tellina riibescens. {Peronteoderma.) 
 
 470. Tellina siliqua. The two odd valves belong probably to a 
 Macoma, in shape resembling Thracia phaseolina. 
 
 471. Tellina simvlans=:T. {Pero}i(roderm.j) punicea, M. 54. The 
 species was described, for geograpliical reasons, from a young, pale, 
 and undeveloped valve. On comjjariiig it with the Professor's owu 
 West Indian specimens, I could detect no difleieuce. 
 
 202 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTEH on the shells of PANAMA. 29 
 
 472. Tellina sincera-=Striyina 8. 
 
 473. Tellina vicina=^Heterodonax vicinus. The shells are la- 
 belled T. versicolor hy the Professor. They are larger than the ge- 
 neral run of West Indian specimens ; but the form is probably a 
 local variety of the old Heterodonax biinaaulalus. 
 
 474. Tellina, sp. ind. a. The doubt concerning "concave" and 
 "convex" probably arises from an error in description. 
 
 47.5. Tellina, sp. ind. b. Looks exactly like the young of No. 474, 
 but with lateral teeth. 
 
 476. Tellina, sp. inu. c. Dead valves of T. felix. No. 465, 
 
 477. Petricola cognata. More characteristic specimens from the 
 same coast are affiliated by Mr. Cuming to P. pholadlformis, from 
 which this would probably not have been separated had it appeared 
 on the Atlantic coast. 
 
 478. Saxicai'a 1 tenuis. The Panama shell is more like Petricola 
 than Saxicava, having two teeth in each valve, one of which is bifid. 
 Sowerby's species is called by Messrs. H. & A. Adams " Saxicava 
 tenuis'"' (ii. p. 349) and " Petricola tenuis" (ii. p. 441). Shell with 
 very fine radiating striae, crossed by irregular striae of growth. 
 
 479. Cumingia coarctata=C. lamellosa, var., M. 42. 
 
 480. Cumingia trigonularis, M. 43. • . 
 
 481. Cumingia, sp. ind. a=C. trigonularis, No. 480. 
 
 482. Cumingia, sp. ind. b=C. var. coarctata. No. 479. 
 
 483. Cumingia, sp. ind. c=M. 4.5. This appears a distinct spe- 
 cies, and may be quoted as C. adamsii, in remembrance of the labours 
 of Messrs. H., A. and C. B. Adams. 
 
 484. Cumingia, sp. ind. c?=Maz. Cat. tablet 107, p. 31; well 
 rounded, with close striae. Probably distinct. 
 
 485. Amphidesma bicolor=Semele Ivenusta, M. 41 (non A. Ad.). 
 The "species" in this genus are often separated by very variable 
 characters. 
 
 486. Amphidesma lellipticum= Semele e. 
 
 487. Amphidesma proximum. The type is not quite so elliptical 
 as the last species ; but as this is a very variable character (i'. Maz. 
 Cat. p. 2*1), I should regard it as the same. It is not the Semele 
 proxima, M. 40 (=^S.^avescens, v. Maz. Cat. p. 548). 
 
 488. Amphidesma pulchrum= Semele p. 
 
 489. Amphidesma striosum = Semele s. I should describe the 
 shell as smooth, with very fine diagonal striae crossing the lines of 
 growth. It has the general aspect of S. pulchra. The teeth in one 
 valve are long and sharp. 
 
 490. Amphidesma tortuos%im=^ Semele t. Teeth short and faint. 
 
 491. Amphidesma ventricosum-^ Semele V. The " zones " are rery 
 
 203 
 
3W) DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 
 
 "ill-defined." Teeth scarcely visible. It looks outside like a dead 
 valve of Macoma solidula. 
 
 492. Crassntella yibbosa. Also found at Cape St. Lucas. 
 
 493. Mulinia donaciformis= M. anr/ulata, M. 80. 
 
 494. Mulinia ventricosa= Mactrella exoleta, M. 78. 
 
 495. Lutraria elegans'=IIarvella elegans; ascriljed by Messrs. 
 n. & A. Adams to Florida (ii. p. 37S), from which I have never 
 geen it. It is a rare, but (under different names) somewhat widely 
 diffused west-tropical shell. Its "analogue" from Florida and Ca- 
 rolina is Ita'eta canuliculata. 
 
 496. Mactra velata=SlandeUa v. Fide M, 79. The "small 
 variety" is conspecific. 
 
 497. Anafina aJta. This valve of Periploma may prove identical 
 with one of the four Gulf species. The spoon is sup])orted under- 
 neath by a linear plate. 
 
 498. Pandora cornuta. It is singular that neither Prof. Adams 
 nor Dr. Gould observed that the peculiar characters of this species 
 are due to a fracture, producing a beak and sinus which are not seen 
 on the lines of growth. The sentences about the "rostriform pro- 
 jection," the "sinus," and the "prominent angle," should therefore 
 be erased from the diagnosis. The hinge-teeth consist of a long 
 skarp tooth, very pointed, in one valve, fitting against a less prominent 
 one in the other ; a slight ligamental looth in the first valve only ; 
 and a very long, sharp, clavicular tooth in each valve, running near 
 the posterior margin, against the inside umbonal portion of which 
 the ligament is attached. Should it prove identical with P. clavicu- 
 lata, the earliest name (as being given in error) may advantageously 
 be dropped. It is surprising that Messrs. H. & A. Adams have not 
 divided the old Lamarckian genus even into subgenera. 
 
 499. Potamomya eequidis. 500. P. infiata. 501. P. trigonalis. 
 These three forms of Azara 'differ in outline, but not more than do 
 some other species of Corbulids and such shells as Trigona radiata. 
 The teeth, pallial lines, and general ch. racters are the same in each. 
 The first two I should consider certainly identical ; and a large series 
 of specimens would probably graduate to the third. 
 
 502. Corbula bicarinata, M. 30. 
 
 503. Corbula biradiata, M. 31. 
 
 504. Corbula obesa. Stet. 
 
 505. Corbula nvulata, M. 33. 
 
 506. Corbula rubra. A young orange-tinted specimen of C. bi- 
 radiata. No. 503. The "broad flexure" is an accidental growth, 
 not shown in the lines of growth of an earlier stage. 
 
 507. Corbula tenuis. Stet. 
 
 508. Corbula, sp. ind. a. A very small angular valve, with sharp 
 conccutric ridges. It may belong to C. pusiulosa, M. 32. 
 
 204 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAVA. 31 
 
 50!). CorhiiJa, sp. iud. h. Dead valves of C biradiafa. No. 503. 
 To the same species may be referred C pobjchroma. We were mis- 
 led by the different aj)pearaiice of the dead shell, and by the locality- 
 mark in Col. Jewett's collection. His specimens were probably from 
 Panama or Acapulco. 
 
 510. Solcrtirfitft nffiiiin, M. 37. It is probable that this species 
 is identical with S. {J yovaculiua) curifjhatis. The Ariquibo s|)eci- 
 mens of the latter in Mus. Amherst are more like the Mazatlan shells 
 than those are to the Panama type. Shells from Cape Talmas were 
 affiliated to the Caribbtean species by Mr. Cuming. 
 
 511. Solen r)idis=^EnsafeUa r. This interesting form passes 
 towards Pharella. It is called " Solena obliqua, Spengl., var." iu 
 Mus. Cuming. 
 
 512. Pholus cruciyera. With the general aspect oi Barnea Candida. 
 
 5 1 3. Photos tuhifera-=^ Pholadidea t. Of the melanura type, with 
 a solid tube titling on to the ends of the cups. 
 
 514. Phulas xylophaija. Of the Martesia type, without cups. 
 Dorsal and ventral plates long; umbonal plates moderate ; wave of 
 the adolescent gape rather suddenly arched. 
 
 515. Pholas , sp. ind. a. Col. Jewett's specimens of the 
 
 same shell are named laquenta by Mr. Cuming. It is of the non- 
 waved, concameroid type; without radiating sculpture; concentric 
 lamelljfi beautifully frilled. 
 
 516. Pholus, sp. ind. b. So like P. dactylus that it might be 
 taken for a worn valve from ballast. The sculpture-ridges are, how- 
 ever, further apart ; hinge-chambers larger and more numerous, with 
 a little twisted lamina beyond ; gape less conspicuous. 
 
 517. Orbicula ciiminffii^^ Discina c, M. 14. 
 
 The shells unfortunately are all loose, in trays, with the autograph 
 names on tickets. Prof. Adams's West Indian collections are in the 
 same condition ; and both series are arranged together, in zoological 
 order, in the midst of the general collec on. There is no evidence, 
 however, that they have been liandled since the Professor left them, 
 none of the leading conchological writers in the New World having 
 thought it needful to go out of their way to complete a review of the 
 Professor's work. Amherst is situated on a branch railway, and is 
 within an easy walk of Northampton, Mount Holyoak, and the deli- 
 cious sceuerv of the Connecticut River. In the College buildings 
 are also deposited the most complete series of the Fossil Footprints 
 of the Connecticut River, and the mineralogical collection (iucludiug 
 the meteorolites^ belonging to Prut, Shepherd. 
 
 205 
 
c. 
 
 DIAGNOSES 
 
 OF 
 
 NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSKS COLLECTED AT CAPE 
 ST. LUCAS BY Mii. J. XANTUS. 
 
 BY 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., Ph. D. 
 
 From the Annals and Magazine of ITatnral History. Third Series, Vol. 
 XIII., pp. 311-315, April, 1864. Ibid. (Nos. 15-36) pp. 474^479, June, 
 1864. Ibid. Vol. XIV. (Nos. 37-52), pp. 45-49, July, 1864. 
 
 ( 207 ) 
 
DIAGNOSES 
 
 KEW Fort:\rs or mollusks 
 
 COLLECTED AT CAPE St. LUCAS BY Mr. J. XANTCft 
 
 BT 
 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 The specimens here described belong to the Mmseum of the 
 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. The first available 
 duplicates will be found in the British Museum or in the 
 Cuniingian Collec-tion. An account of the labours of Mr. Xantus 
 will appear in the forthcoming volume of British Association 
 Reports ; and detailed notes on the species may be consulted ia 
 the American scientific periodicals for the current year. 
 
 Genus Asthenoth.erus*. 
 
 Testa extus "Thracice'"' similis : intus cardine edeutulo, baud 
 epathulato ; cartihigiue infra umbones sita. 
 
 1. Asthenothterus villosior. 
 
 A. testa inspquivalvi, insequilaterali, unibonibus ad trientem lon- 
 gitudinis sitis ; tenuissima, alba, (sub lente) omnino minutissime 
 et creberrime pustulosa ; rugis incremeuti obtusissimis, irregulari- 
 bus, maxime t. juiiiore, ornata ; epiderniide tenui, pallide olivacea 
 induta ; parte postica truncata, paruni hiante ; antica valde rotun- 
 data ; marginibus dorsalibus et ventrali panim excurvatis ; um- 
 bonibus angustissimis ; rcgionibus lunulari et nymphali subcari- 
 natis : intus, margine cardinali utriusque valvae acuto ; ligamento 
 inconspicuo ; cartilagine subspongiosa, satis elongata, postice de- 
 flecta ; fovea haud indentata ; cicatricibus adductorum parvis, 
 subrotundatis ; sinu pallii niajore, ovali, ad dimidium interspatii 
 porrecto. Long. "38, lat. '26, alt. '14 poll. f 
 
 * 'Xardevfjs, weak ; daioos, hinge. 
 
 t The measures of length are taken from the anterior to the posterior 
 margins. The " detailed notes " are still in MSS. 
 14 209 
 
2 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of MuUuskt 
 
 2. Solciinja talrulus. 
 
 S. testa minore, tenuissinia, dia|ilmna, vix testacca, cornon, pallidiof** 
 lineis tcnuibiis, distaiitibii^, tu^^ci^, radiatiin ornata ; postice t(fipu< 
 ter radiatitn striata; tiinientt', satis elonjiata, marginibus aiiti«;, e» 
 postico rciiulariter cxcnrvatis ; umboiiibiis vix coiispicuis ; liiie>a 
 aiiticis divaricaiitibus, extus parentibus, intus lacunam cRrti!a< 
 gincain dtfiiiieutibus ; cardine edentulo; lif!;aniento postice elon- 
 gato, antice curto, latiore, bit'urcato; cicatricibus adductoraiu 
 subrotundatis. Lonj^. '85, ht. '25, alt. '14 poll. 
 
 3. Tellina [Peroncpoderma] ochracea. 
 
 T. testa majore, parum inaequilaterali, tenui, satis planata ; carneo- 
 ochracea, iiitiis ii\ten>iore ; Isevi, niiida, niargiiiem versus striis 
 increinenti ; postice vix radiatim striatida; veiitraliter antice 
 valde excurvata, postice vix aiigiilata ; marginibus dorsalibus ob- 
 tuse angulatis, umboiiil)U3 conspicuis ; ligameiito tenui et cartila- 
 gine subiiiternis ; nymphis intortis : dent. card, utriusque valvic ii., 
 quaruin i. bitidus ; dent. lat. valvge dextrae ii.; sinu pallii irregula- 
 riter ovali, per duos tricntes interstitii porrecto ; cicatr. adduct. 
 subovatis, nitidissiaiis. Long. TO, lat. r4, alt. •44 pull. 
 
 4. Psammobia {? Ainphichana) regularis. 
 
 P. testa minore, regulariter ovali, subsequilaterali ; violacea, plus 
 miiiusve radiata seu maculata ; Isevi, striolis incrementi ornata ; 
 fpidermide tenui, flavido-olivacea induta, postice rugulosa ; mar- 
 ginibus undique regulariter excurvatis ; umbonibus vix projectis ; 
 iigamento conspicuo : intus dent. card, ii.-i., hand bifidis; cicatr. 
 adduct. postica rotiuidata, antica ovali ; sinu pallii eloiigato, baud 
 incurvato, per duos trientes interstitii porrecto. Long. 105, lat. 'o, 
 ait. *26 poll. 
 
 5. Callista pollicaris. 
 
 C. testa magna, ventricosa, solidiore ; epidermide tenuissima induta ; 
 sordide albida, umbonibus rufo-fuscis ; (t. adolescentc) punctulis 
 crebris rufo-fuscis, et taeniis paucis circa nymphas ornata ; laev*, 
 striis incrementi exce])tis ; postice, et paululum antice, quasi pol- 
 lice impresso notata ; latiore, antice producta, sed baud anguiata ; 
 postice unda depressa, supra nymphas radiante, inter costas dua« 
 obsoletas sinuante, niargine subtruncato ; marginibus ventralx 
 regulariter exturvato, dorsali rectiore ; lunula elongata, linea iin- 
 jiressa definita, medio tumente, postice flaccida : intus Candida; 
 dent. card, normalibus; dente laterali valvse dextrae postico, valv.Tj 
 sinistrae antico, usque ad extremitatem lunulas porrecto ; cicatr. 
 adduct. subrotundatis ; sinu pallii magno, rotundato, usque a.i 
 medium interstitii porrecto. Long. 2'58, lat. 2-25, alt. 1*43 poll. 
 
 Figured by Mr. Reeve (Conch, f. 45) as " Dione prora, var." 
 riie above diagnosis proves it to be a distinct and (considering 
 tne general similarity of the thin, colourless, inflated yruup) a 
 WfcU-maited spcciea. 
 
 210 
 
eoTlected at Cape St. Lucas, 8 
 
 6. Cnllista [t pannoxa, var.) puella. 
 
 C. festft "C. pannosce" simili, sed miilto niiiiore, teniiiore, pl;'rum« 
 que latiore ; *.iiiu pallii mnjore, ticjiaiitcr incurvato ; di-nt. card 
 niiiltu teuuiorilius, lat. ant. niagis eloii<:ato ; lamina caniiiiali uii]> 
 bones versus siimata : colore niaxime variaiite ; n()nniiii(|iiani ut 
 in C. pannoaa triangulariter niaculata ; plerunujue ut in 'ft/petii 
 viryinea nutata ; interdnm albida, seu aurantia, sen I'usra, lia.iil 
 inacnlata ; rarius ut in Tapete fuscolineata |K'nicillata ; rari.«*iiii3 
 paucistrigata, seu niaculis j)aucissimi3. Long. •60, lat. 'h, all. -62 
 poll. 
 
 Variat t. trnnsversa. Variat quoque t. subtrigona, et formis inter* 
 mediis. 
 
 Quoted by ^Ir. Reeve, under Diane pannosa, as " D. puella, 
 Cpr."; but the name was only given in MS. in accordaiRc with 
 Mr. Cuming's assertion that it was distinct. The colourless sub- 
 trigonal shells were regarded by Mr. Reeve as a separate species j 
 but he did not allude to them in his monograph. 
 
 7. Levicardiuin apiciratm. 
 
 It. testa *nbtrigona, parva, tenuissinia, nitidissima, subcomprcs'a, 
 epidern.ide tenui induta ; radiis seu striis radiantibus nullis ; striis 
 concentficis satis regularibus, siibohsoletis, t. jnn. magis extant;- 
 bus ; uti 'lonibus angustis, parum ineurvatis ; margine ventraii 
 satis excarvato, antico parum prodiieto, postico subtruncato, 
 dorsalibus obtuse angulatis : colore valde variante ; plerumque 
 pallide viridi-cinereo, rufo-fusco seu angulatim toeniato seu macu- 
 lato seu punctate; regione umbonali plerumque pallida, interdum 
 rufo-fusca seu aurantiaca ; parte postica baud intensiore : intus 
 plerumque citrina, hepatico varie j»enicillata : deyt. card, et lat. 
 acutis, tenuibus ; margine niinutissinie subobsoletira crenulato. 
 Long. ".TO, lat. "o, alt. 3 poll. 
 
 Variat t. latiore. Variat quoque colore fere omnino hepatico, seu 
 cameo, seu pallide aurantiaco, seu pallide cinereo, seu albiuo : 
 rarissime ut in Tapete fuscolineata oruata. 
 
 8. Lucina lingualis. 
 
 L. testa solida, linguiformi, valde prolongata ; plerumque aurantiaco- 
 carnea, intus intensiore ; lirulis concentricis obtusis crebre ornata ; 
 marginibus undique excurvatis ; lunula minima, altissime e.xcavata; 
 parte postica obscure biangulata, seu subrotundata ; umbonibus 
 anticis ineurvatis ; ligamento subinterno, lamina valida ; dent, 
 card, et lat. normalibus, validis ; cicatr. adduct. posticis subovali- 
 bus, anticis satis elongatis ; linea pallii lata, rugosa ; margine iu- 
 terno crenulato. Long. '88, lat. "92, alt. '4 poll. 
 
 Variat t. minus prolongata. Variat quoque t. pallide viridi, seu paJ' 
 lidii carnea, seu alba. 
 
 9. ^Crenella inflata. — .; . - - 
 tC. testa valde inflata, minuta, albida, subrhomboideo-orbiculari ; 
 
 211 
 
4 Dr. P. P. Caq>enter on new Furins of Mul/usks 
 
 'lincronalitcr panim prodiiota ; mnririulbus sub(|iif»(lrai)i:iilat?m ro- 
 tuiidatis ; iinil)oiiil)its iirorniiientiiiiis, valile niitice intiirtis ; tuta 
 euperfifie iit in C. dfcusxatn seiilpta, e >stulis tTel)ris radiantibus 
 spqiiidistaritibns, hie et illic aliis iiitercalati* ; linilis coiicin- 
 tricis decussaiitiljus : intus niar;j;ine dorsali Itrevissimo, arciiato, 
 df ntato ; li<;amento curtissimo, in fossa omnino interna, cclata, la- 
 mina detiniente, sito ; lamina cardinali sub uinbonibus intus por- 
 recta, dentibus validis instriu-ta ; marjiinibus intends omnino cre- 
 natis ; cicatr. addiict. snbt3equalibus, ventraliter sitis. Long. "1, 
 !at. -IL', alt. 0!) poll. 
 
 Located provisionally in Crendla from its likeness to C. de- 
 eussnia, but with peeuliarities of hinge and adductors which 
 approach Nuculma on one side and Cardilia on another. 
 
 Genns Bryophila*. 
 
 Anim.il ,\vicnlidrpnm, vivijiarum : inter algas, etc., babitans. 
 Tc'stu Pinnsei'ormis, extns pri.sniatira, intus sul)nacrea : liganientura 
 Bolumm : umbunes e.\tante$, terminales, intus concavi. 
 
 10. Bryophila sctosa. 
 
 J), testa parva, regulari ; cinerea, salmoneo sen chocolateo, intus sub- 
 liacreo, exquisite tincta : t. juniore planata, semirotnndata, dor- 
 saliter recta, requilaterali, oonspicue punctata : t. adolesciiite sub- 
 diaphana: t. adulta solidiore ; umbonibus rectis, terniinalibus, 
 intus alte excavatis ; niarg. dorsali breviore, recto ; antico recto ; 
 ventrali et postico late rotundatis : extus ej)idermide subspongiosa 
 v?stita, radiis setarum subdistantibus, marginibus eleganter pecfi- 
 natis : intus ligamento solido dorsaliter producto ; limbo pallii 
 eequaliter prope marginem decurrente ; ci. atr. adduct. submediana, 
 inconspicua ; postice hiante ; antice propter byssum tenuera si- 
 nuata. Long. '13, lat. '2, alt. '1 poll. 
 
 Like a minute Pinna, or a transverse Margaritiphora without 
 ears, or an Isognumon without pits. Differs from the other 
 Aviculids in being viviparous, like some other minute bivalves. 
 
 11. ?Atys casta. 
 
 lA. testa elongata, tenui, subdiaphana, albida; antrorsum paulum 
 tumidiore ; spira celata, lacuuata, (t. adultse) baud umbdicata ; 
 columella paulum intorta, effusa ; umbilico antico minimo ; labro 
 postice producto, obtuse angulato ; tota superficie subtiiiter spira- 
 liter striatula. Long. '4, lat. '18 poll. 
 
 On the confines of the genus, related to Cylichna. 
 
 12. Ischnochiton parallelus. 
 
 I. testa ovata, subelevata (ad angulum I'JO'^); rufo-fusca, oHvaceo 
 tiucta ; valvis latis, marginibus parum rotundatis, interstitiis par- 
 
 '>^:t^i. ; •■: ai,;i • B^voi», sea-moss ; i^iXor, loving, ' " -"' 
 
 212 
 
collected at Cape St. Lucas* S 
 
 vis ; Talvis intermediis valile iiisctilptis ; areis lateralibus seriphus 
 granulurum a jngo radiaiitibus circitcr vi.; interdum irregulariliiis, 
 granis rotundatis, separntis, extantibus; areis centralibus ilathrif 
 creberrimis, jiijo parallt'li>i, horridis, extantibus, interdum granu- 
 losis, ornatis ; valvis terminalil)us seriebus granuloruin, circ. xx., 
 interdum bit'ureantibiis, ut in areis lateralibus, ornatis ; nuicrone 
 vix conspicuo ; limbo pallii an<;usto, pilulis furvicaceis creberrimis 
 minutis conferto ; lobis valvarum birtdis, terminalibus risa- "is 
 circ. xi. a parte externa simplici disjunctis. Long. "7, lat. '-18, 
 alt. '16 poll. 
 
 Belougs to the group with minute setose scales. 
 
 13. Ischnochitun (? var.) prasinatus, 
 
 I. testa 7. pnral/e/o forma et indole simili, sed vivide viridi ; ar. 
 diag. seriebus buUularum irregulariter ornatis ; ar. centr. clatbria 
 valde extantibus, acutis, jngo ol)tuso parallelis, utroque latere 
 circ. xvi. ; valv. term, seriebus bnllularum circ. xviii. ; rrucrone 
 submediano, inconspicuo ; umbonibus haud prominentibus ; tota 
 superficie minutissime granulosa : iutus valvarum lobis mediarum 
 i.- term, circiter x.-fissis ; sinu lato, planato ; suturis })lanatis ; 
 limbo pallii angusto, minutissime squamulis furvicaceis creberritne 
 instructo ; interdum pilulis intercalatis. Long. -8, lat. -4 poll., 
 div. 125°. 
 
 14. Ischnochiton serratus. 
 
 L testa pan-a, cinerea, olivaceo hie et illic, praecipue ad suturas, 
 punctata, interdum sanguineo maculata ; ovali, subdepressa, suturis 
 indisti ictis ; tota superficie minutLssime granulata ; ar. diag. valde 
 distinct's, costis latissimis obtusis ii.-v. munitis, interstitiis nullis; 
 marginibus posticis elegauter serratis ; ar. centr. costis acutis, 
 })aralleh3, utroque latere circ. xii. ; jugo obtiiso, haud umbonato ; 
 costis transversis, subradiantibus, tenestrantibus, interstitiis im- 
 pressis : uiucrone mediano, obtuso ; valv. term, costis obtusis, ut 
 in ar. diag., circ. xx. : intus valvarum mediarum lobis bifissis, 
 terminalium circ. ix.-fissis ; lobis suturalibus magnis : I'mbo pallii 
 squamis majoribus, imbricatis, vix striatulis. Long. -34, lat. '2 poll., 
 div. 115°. 
 
 Differs from Elenensis in the sculpture of the terminal valves. 
 
 1 5 . Nacella pelt aides. 
 
 y. testa parva, Irevi, cornea, subdiaphana, ancyliformi, apice elevato, 
 valde inaequilaterali, strigis paliide castaneis radiata ; intus njti- 
 dissima, subaurautia. Long. '\4, lat. "II, alt. "05 poll. 
 
 = Nacella, sp. ind., Maz. Cat. no. 262, p. 202. 
 
 16. Acmcea (?var.) atrata. 
 
 A. testa solida, rugosa, conica, apice paulum antrorsnm sito ; extti* 
 costis crebris rotundatis irregularibus, hie et illic majoribus 
 sculpta, baud apicem versus discordanter corrugatis ; interstitiis 
 
 213 
 
C Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of MolIusJcs 
 
 niiiiimis; intus alba, castaneo et iiijiro varie maculata ; margiiie 
 latiorc, nigro tessellato. Long. 1'3, lat. I'O, alt. '5 poll. 
 Variat margine nigro-punctato, piuictis plerumque bifidis. Variat 
 qiuxpie costis j)arvis, creberrimis ; margine nigro. 
 
 Intermediate between "P. discors," Phil., and " P floccaia," 
 Ileeve. 
 
 17. Acmcpa strigatdla. 
 
 A- testa A. mesoleucce simili, scd minore, baud viridi ; striolis mini- 
 mis, confertissimis, plerumque erosis tenuissime sculpta ; albida, 
 strigis olivaceo-fuscis, plerumque radiantibus, interdum conflueri- 
 tibus picta ; apice sa'pius nigro ; intus albida, margine satis lato, 
 strigis tessellato. Long. '9, lat. "7-1, alt. '3 poll. 
 
 Variat colore hie et illic aurantiaco tincto : strigis omnino tessellatis. 
 
 According to Darwin, this might be regarded as a cross be- 
 tween the northern forms A.pelta and A. ■patina, about to change 
 into the Gulf species, A. mesuleuca. The dark, variety resembles 
 A. canthnrus, but the very delicate crowded striae well distin- 
 guish It when not abraded. 
 
 1 8. Ghjphis saturnalis, 
 
 C. testa C ina-qvali simili, sed minore, latiore, altiore, tenuissime 
 cancellata; striis radiantibus plus minusve proj)inquis, plus mi- 
 nusve nodulosis ; fissura prope trientem longitudinis sita, minima, 
 linear!, medio lobata ; intus callositate albida, truucata. Long. '38, 
 lat. ^-I, alt. -18 j)oll. 
 
 The minute hole resembles the telescopic appearance of Satura 
 wben the rin":s are reduced to a line. 
 
 'D • 
 
 Subgenus Eucosmi.\*. 
 
 Testa solida, nitida, variciiata, baud nacrea : apertura et anfractug 
 rotundati : conspic\ie umbilicata : pcritrema vix continuum, hand 
 callosum. 
 
 The shells here grouped are like small, round-mouthed, per- 
 forated Phasianella. The animal and operculum of the Cape 
 St. Lucas s))ecies are unknown. The Phosianella striulata, ilaz. 
 Cat. no. 283 b { = Twh(, phadanella, C. li. Ad. Pan. Sh. no. 282), 
 and even \\\q Lunatia tenuUhuta, Maz. Cat. no. 572, are perhaps 
 congeneric. 
 
 19. Eticosmia varipgata. 
 
 E, testa parva, laevi, tnrbinoidoa, nitentc, marginibus spiroe valde 
 excurvatis ; rosnceo et rufo-fnsco varie maculata ; anfr. uucleosis 
 regularibus, vertice mamillato ; normalibus iv., valde tumentibus, 
 rapide augentibus, suturi? im|ircs!iis ; anfV. ultimo antioe prodncte; 
 oasi rotundata ; urnbilico carinato ; apertuia vix a pancte indfu- 
 
 * Th. fv, well .; Kocr/iia, adorned. 
 
 214 
 
collected at Cape St, Lucas, 7 
 
 tata; peritremate pene coiitinuo, acuto. Long. •!, long. spir. 'Oj, 
 lat. -07 poll., div. 70°. 
 Variat interdum rugulis incrementi ornata. 
 
 20. Eucosmia {1 varier/ata, var.) suhsiriata. 
 
 E. testa E. variegata simillima, sed anfr. circa basin et supra spirara 
 (nisi in anfr. nucl. Isevibus), interdum tota superficie tenuiter et 
 crebre striatis j striis ant'r. penult, circ. x. 
 
 21. Eucosmia punctata. 
 
 E. testa E. variegatcB simili, sed multo niajore, miilto magis elon- 
 gata, angustiore, Phasiauelloidea ; plerunique fusco creberrime 
 punctata ; umbilico parvo. Long. '22, long. spir. "11, lat. • 1 5 poll., 
 div. 50°. 
 
 22. Eucosmia cyclustoma, 
 
 E. testa parva, valde obtusa, lata, regulari, valvatoldea ; marginibus 
 spirae vix excurvatis ; pallida cinerea, fiHco-olivaoco dense punc- 
 tata seu maculata ; anfr. nucleosis paliidis, mauiillatis ; nonnali- 
 bus iii., valde tumentibus, suturis valde impressis; apertura vix a 
 pariete indentata ; umbilico magno, subspirali. Long. "05, long, 
 spir. -02.5, lat. -05 poll., div. 90". 
 
 Curiously like a small depressed Valvata obtusa, but with the 
 texture of Phasianella, 
 
 Genus Haplocochlias*. 
 
 Testa Colloninm simulans, sed baud margaritacea : apertura circu- 
 laris, varicosa : columella baud callosa. 
 
 The animal and operculuia are unknown. Its affinities may 
 be with Ethalia. 
 
 23. Haplocochlias cyclophoreus. 
 
 //. testa compacta, parva, solidiore ; albida, seu pallide aurantlaca; 
 anfr. v., rapide augentibus, suturis impres.<is ; tota superficie mi- 
 nutissime spiraliter striolata, nitida ; a})crtara rotnndata ; peri- 
 tremate continuo, incrassato, extus varicoso ; labio distincto ; axi 
 t. jun. umbUicata, adultse lacunata. Long. "I 'J, long. spir. "06, 
 lat. -2 poll., div. 100°. 
 
 When laid on its base, this shell resembles Ilclicina ; but the 
 mouth is more like Cijclophorus. The young shell is semi- 
 transparent, and resembles a Vitrinella with thickened lip. 
 
 24. Narica aperta. 
 
 N. testa parva, inflata, tenui, alba; anfr. nucl. ?....; norm, rapide 
 augentibus, lirulis crebris s]»iralibus, in spira hie et illic majori- 
 bus, a striolis creberrimis radiantibus minutissime decussatis •, 
 euiuris valde impressis ; apertura subcirculari ; umbilico maximu, 
 
 * Til. aTtkovi, unadorned ; (co;^Xi'ar, snail. 
 
 215 
 
ft Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks 
 
 carinato, anfractus intus raonstrante. Long. '28, long. spir. '08, 
 lat. -3 poll., div. 110°. 
 
 25. Fussarus parcipidus. 
 
 F. testa parva, solidiore, spira plus minusve elevata; albida, rufo- 
 fusco varie maculata ; carinulis spiralibus acutioribus, quarum 
 circ. vi. majores, striolisque crebris cincta ; anfr. ultimo tutnidiore ; 
 labro acuto, baud intus iucrassato ; umbiiico satis magno, ad mar- 
 gineni carinato : operculo normali. Long. "24, long. spir. *06, 
 iat. -2 poll., div. 90°. 
 
 The few specimens found tire very variable in outline. 
 
 26. Fossarus purus. 
 
 F. testa F. angvlato simili, sed alba, subdiaphana ; anfr. nucl. ii., 
 fuscis, ut in F. tuberoso cancellatis ; norm. ii. et diinidio, altis, 
 valde tumentibus, carinatis ; carinis iv., validissiniis, acuti^simis, 
 quarum ii. in spira monstrantur ; carinulis aliis antice et postice 
 plus minusve expressis ; tota superficie minute spiraliter striata ; 
 carinularum basalium interstitiis subobsolete decussatis; apertura 
 late semilunata ; labro a carinis valde indentato j labio recto, an- 
 gusto ; umbiiico magno, carinato ; operculo fusco, valde pauci- 
 spirali, minutissime rusruloso, nucleo antico. Long. '08, long, 
 spir. -03, lat. -08 poll., div. 90°. 
 
 27. Litorina pullata. 
 
 X. testa parva, solidiore, luctuosa ; spira satis exserta ; nigrescente, 
 seu livido-t'usco tincta, lineis spiralibus exilissimis pallidioribus or- 
 nata ; interdum obscure tessellata ; anfr. v., subplanatis, suturis 
 parum impressis; sublaevi, striolis spiralibus teuuiter insculpta; co- 
 lumella intus incrassata ; pariete baud excavato. Long. '4, long, 
 spir. -18, lat. -29 poll., div. 60°. 
 
 = Litorina, sp. ind.^ Maz. Cat. no. 399, p. 350. 
 
 28. Litorina [Philippii, var.) penicillata. 
 
 Jj. Ph. testa parva, lineis radiantibus, variantibus, delicatuHs, rarius 
 ziczacfonnibus, et cingulis duobus spiralibus, quorum unum in 
 spira monstratur, elegantissime penicillata. Long. '33, long, 
 spir. -14, lat. 2 poll., div. 50°. 
 
 Closely resembling the West-Indian L. ziczac, var. lineata, 
 D'Orb. Intermediate specimens, however, clearly connect it 
 with the common Mazatlan form. 
 
 29. Rissoa albolirata. 
 
 It. testa parva, alba, crystallina, normali ; marginibus spirse undatis; 
 anfr. nucl. iii., Isevibus, mamillatis ; norm, iv., medio subconvexis, 
 postice supra suturas planatis ; basi subplanata, effusa, hand um- 
 bilicata ; lirulis spiralibus crebris, obtusis, quarum circ. x. in spira 
 monstrautur ; apertura subovata, peritremate contiuuo ; labro 
 
 216 
 
Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mullusks. 9 
 
 arcuato, vix antice et postice simiato, calloso ; labio valido. 
 Long. -1, long. spir. "08, lat. '04 poll., div. 'J.")°. . 
 
 30. Fenella cri/staUina. 
 
 F. testa alba, subdiaphana, turrita, rudiore ; marginibiis spirse rectis, 
 parum divergentibus ; anfr. nucl. ?.. . (decollatis) ; norm, v., valde 
 rotundatis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantilnis circ. xvi.. valJe 
 rotundatis, hand extantibns, interstitiis latis ; striis spiralibus 
 regularibus, in anfr. penult, xvi. ; apertura rotnndata ; basi ro- 
 tuudata ; peritremate continuo ; labro cxtus varicoso ; labio cal- 
 loso. Long. '14, long. spir. "ll, lat. '05 poll., div. 20°. 
 
 31. 1 Hydrobia compacta. 
 
 ?^. testa Isevi, curta, compacta, latiore; marginibus spirae vix ex- 
 curvatis ; anfr. nucl. normalibus, apice maniillato ; norm, iv., tn- 
 midis, suturis distinctis ; spira curtiore ; basi rutandata ; apertura 
 Subovata ; peritremate continuo ; labio defiaito. Long. 04, long, 
 spir. -02, lat. -03 poll., div. 70". 
 
 This unique shell may be a Barleeia. 
 
 32. Hyala rotundata, 
 
 n. testa (quoad genus) magna, tenui, alba, diaphana ; anfr. nucl. 
 normalibus, apice mamillato ; norm, iv., globosis, rapide angenti- 
 bus, suturis valde impressis ; basi rotundata ; apertura subrotun- 
 data, ad suturam subangulata ; peritremate continuo ; labio a 
 pariete separato, rimulam umbilicalem formante ; columella valde 
 arcuata. Long. '18, long. spir. "09, lat. '1 poll., div. 40°. 
 
 A unique shell, resembling a marine Bithinia. 
 
 33. IDiala electrina. 
 
 ?D. testa subdiaphana, rufo-cornea, nitida; marginibus spirre parum 
 excurvatis ; vertice nucleoso, helicoideo ; anfr. iii., tumidis, suturis 
 baud impressis, apice magno mamillato; anfr. norm, iii., subplanatis, 
 suturis distinctis ; sculptura baud expressa ; tota superficie cos- 
 tulis obscuris, latis, spiralibus, quarum vi.-viii. in spira monstran- 
 lur, et iii.-v. circa basim rotundatam, interdum obsoletis, cincta ; 
 costulis radiantibus circ. xviii., subobsoletis ; apertura ri'gulariter 
 ovata, ad suturam angulata, peritremate continuo ; basi baud um- 
 bilicata ; columella regulariter arcuata. Long. "09, long. spir. "07, 
 lat. -03 poll., div. 30°. 
 
 34. Acirsa Menesthoides. 
 
 A. testa nitida, turrita, majore, solidiore, pallide fusca ; anfr. nucl. 
 Isevibus ; norm, vi., subplanatis, suturis distinctis ; lineis crcbris 
 spiralibus insculpta, quarum circ. viii. in spira monstrantur ; testa 
 adolescente lirulis radiantibus obsoletis decussata ; apertura snb- 
 ovali; columella solida, imperforata. Long. •42, long. spir. -a, 
 Int. -16 poll., div. 25^ 
 
 217 
 
10 Dr. r. p. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks 
 
 35, Cythnia asteriaphila. 
 
 C. testa C. tutnenti simillima, sed umbilico minore, haud carinato , 
 tenuissima, diaphana ; anfr. iv., tumidis ; vert. nucl. normali, baud 
 Bt\ lineo, apice niainillato : operculo tenuissimo, elementis conceu- 
 tricis, nucleo sitbmediauo sinistrorsum sito. Long. '03, long, 
 spir. -01.5, lat, -025 poll., div. 60°. 
 
 A solitary specimen was found by Dr. Stimpson, imbedded in 
 a star-tish, like Stylina ; from which genus the vertex and oper- 
 culum distinguish it. 
 
 36. Bittium nitcns. 
 
 B. testa regulari, rufo-fusca, hie et illic pallida, maxime nitente ; 
 anfr. nucl. iii., Ifevibus, tumidis, apice submamillato, subdeclivi ; 
 norm, vi., tumidis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantibus circ. xiv., 
 haud contiguis, angustis, interstitiis undatis ; costulis rotundatis, 
 spiralibus, in spira iv., quarura postica multo minor, supercur- 
 rentibus, ad intersectiones subnodosis ; costulis circa basim sub- 
 rotundatam iv., haud decussatis ; apertura subquadrata ; columella 
 haud truncata, obtuse angulata ; labro acuto, a costulis indentato; 
 labio iuconspicuo. Long. '21, long. spir. "16, lat. 'Oti poll., div. 20°. 
 
 37. Manyelia subdiaphana. 
 
 M. testa parva, subdiaphana, albida, interdurn rufo-fusco pallida 
 tincta ; satis turrita, marginibus spirse parum excurvatis ; anfr. 
 nucleosis iii., Isevibus, diaphanis, apice mamillato ; norm, iv., satis 
 excurvatis, haud angulatis, suturis impressis ; fascia super spiram 
 paUide fusca, alteraque Candida contigua ; costulis radiantibus 
 xiv.-xviii., acutis, subrectis, distantibus, interstitiis undatis ; tota 
 superficie minute et creberrime spiraliter striata ; basi producta, 
 striis magis expressis ; apertura subelongata ; labro ad dorsum 
 incrassato, postice distincte emarginato, intus haud dentato ; labio 
 tenuissimo; columella recta, antice late canaliculata. Long. 'I'J, 
 long. spir. •], lat. 'OO poll., div. 30°. 
 
 38. Drillia appressa. 
 
 D. testa parva, compacta ; rufo-fusca, interdurn supra costas palli- 
 diore ; marginibus spiree excurvatis; anfr. norm, vi., plaiiatis, 
 suturis indistinctis ; costis tuberculosis radiantibus circ. xiv., antice 
 et postice obsoletis; striolis spiralibus creberrimis ; costa spirali 
 irregular! postica, tuberculosa, super suturas aj)pressa ; area sinus 
 parvi vix definita ; basi satis prolongata; apertura subquadrata; 
 labio distincto. Long. "3, long. spir. "17, lat. '12 poll., div. 40°. 
 
 39. Cithara fusconotata. 
 
 C. testa parva, satis turrita, tenui, albida ; postice linea, seu serie 
 macularum, rufo-fusca, interdurn altera peripheriali ornata ; mar- 
 ginibus spirse reciioribus; anfr. nucl. ii., rotundatis, apice mamil- 
 lato; norm, vi., in spira rotundatis, suturis impressis; basi satis 
 rotundataj costis radiantibus circ. i\., acutis, distautibus, antice 
 
 218 
 
collected at Cnpe St. Lucas, 11 
 
 et postice subobsoletis ; tota siijiLrficie spiraliter sulcata, sulculis 
 Subdistantibus, undatis, costas su])erantibus ; apertura subovali, 
 satis elongata, postice valde sinuata ; labro acuto, dorsaliter costu- 
 lato, intus baud dentato; labio teuui. Long. '36, long. spir. '18, 
 lat. -16 poll., div. 40°. 
 
 40. Obeliscus variegatus. 
 
 0. testa 0. hastato simili ; nitidissima, striolis incrementi exilissimis ; 
 livido et castaneo vane nebulosa; prope suturam canaliculatam 
 liiieis albidis picta ; hie et illic callositate alba interna ; peripheria 
 circa basin insculpta, unicolore ; columella truncata, triplicata ; 
 plica superiore acuta, exstante, circa basim continua ; plicis anticis 
 parvis, spiralibu3. Long. '44, long. spir. '3, lat. '15 poll., div. 23°. 
 
 41. Odostomia (Evalea) aquisculpta. 
 
 O. testa parva, ovoidea, alba, subdiaphanaj marginibus spirse sub- 
 rectis; vert. nucl. ?...., normaliter truncato ; aufr. norm, iv., 
 parum arcuatis, suturis impressis ; tota superficie costulis spirali- 
 bus circ. xiv., quarum vi. in spira monstrantur, latis, planatis, 
 aequidistantibus ; interstitiis parvis ; basi rotundata ; apertura 
 ovata; peritremate hand continue ; labro acuto ; labio subobsoleto; 
 plica juxta parietem conspicua, acuta, transversa ; columella arcuata, 
 rimulam umbilicalera formante. Long. '07, long. spir. '04, lat, 
 •03 poll., div. 40°, 
 
 42. Odostomia [Evalea) delicatula. 
 
 0. testa tenuissima, alba, diaphana, nitente, elongata ; margirii- 
 bus spirae eleganter excurvatis ; vert. nucl. Isevi, globoso, decli- 
 viter immerso ; anfr. norm, iii., subplanatis, suturis impressis ; 
 liris subacutis, spiralibus, quarum v. in spira monstrantur ; inter- 
 stitiis latis, undatis, creberrime decussatis ; basi elongata ; aper- 
 tura oblonga, peritremate baud continuo ; labro teuui ; labio vix 
 conspicuo ; plica juxta parietem exstante, declivi. Long. '07^, 
 long. spir. '04, lat. -03 poll., div. 30°. 
 
 43. Chrysallida angusta. 
 
 C. testa parva, satis elongata, nitida, alba, sculptura minus expre^sa; 
 marginibus spirae parum excurvatis ; vert. nucl. parvo, subito 
 immerso, dimidium truncationis tegente ; anfr. norm, v., planatis, 
 elongatis, suturis minus impressis; costis radiantibus circ. xiii., 
 plerumque lineis continuis marginibus utrinque parallelis, circa 
 basim productam obsoletis ; lirulis spiralibus angustis, in spira 
 circ. v., interstitiis decussantibus, supra costas baud nodulosis ; 
 apertura ovali ; peritremate parum continuo ; labro tenui, trans- 
 lucido ; labio tenui ; plica juxta parietem parva, obtusa. Long. 
 •09.5, long. spir. '065, lat. -028 poll., div. 20°. 
 
 4i. Eulima fuscostrigata. 
 
 E. testa minore, gracillima, albida, striga latiore rufo-fusca svpra 
 
 219 
 
12 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Furrns of MoUusks 
 
 peripheriam omata ; basi quoque rufo-fusca, valde prolongata, 
 regulariter excurvata ; anfr. nucl. ii., tumidioribus ; norm, viii., 
 planatis, suturis baud conspicuis ; varicibus nullis ; apertura valde 
 elongata ; labro vix siuuato ; labio vix calloso. Long. ' 1 7, long, 
 spir. -12, lat. -05 poll,, div. 20°. 
 
 45. Opalia crenatoides. 
 
 0. testa turrita, alba, marginibus spirse rectis; anfr. nucl. ?....; 
 norm, vi., compactis, attiugent?bus ; costis radiantibus circ. x., in 
 spira plerumque obsoletis, ultimo anfractu validioribus, latis, baud 
 exstantibus, attingentibus, spiram lineis fere rectis ascendentibus ; 
 suturis inter costas altissirae indentatis ; carina obtusa basali, su- 
 turae continua ; inter costas radiantes undique, ut in suturis, in- 
 dentata ; costis interdum, propter lirulas spirales subobsoletas, sub- 
 nodosis ; columella hand umbilicata ; basi antice Isevi. Long. '54, 
 long. spir. '38, lat. -23 poll., div. 30°. 
 
 Additional specimens may connect this with the Portuguese 
 O. crenata. 
 
 46. Truncaria eurytoides. 
 
 T. testa parva, turrita, gracili ; albida, ssepiis fascia circa peripheriam 
 maculis fusco-aurantiacis picta ; anfr. nucl. mamillatis, laevibus ; 
 norm, v., effusis, subplanatis, ultimo paulum constricto ; costulis 
 radiantibus circ. xx., aperturam versus evanidis ; apertura sub- 
 quadrata ; labro baud iucrassato, interdum intus subtiliter striate, 
 baud dentato ; labio appresso ; columella abrupte truncata. 
 Long. '3, long. spir. '2, lat. 'll poll., div. 23°. 
 
 Variat basi fusco tincta, seu tota superficie ut in Nitidella cribraria 
 picta. 
 
 47. Sistrum (? ochrostoma, var.) rufonotatum. 
 
 S. testa S. ochrostomati simili, sed minore, angustiore, vix tabulata ; 
 alba, linea punctorum rufo-fuscorum subperipberiali, interdum 
 lineis spiralibus, interdum ejusdeni coloris maculis, ornata ; vert, 
 nucl. mamillato, anfr. iii., laevibus, vix tumidis ; norm, v., plu3 
 minusve elongatis, in medio nodoso-angulatis, postico planatis, 
 suturis ad angulum valde obtusum conspicuis ; seriebus nodulor-.im 
 spiralibus iii., quarum postica major, secundum costas radiantes 
 obsoletas circ. vi.-viii. ordinatis ; seriebus auticis iiicouspicuis ii. ; 
 interdum costulis spiralibus intercalatis ; canali brevi, rectiore, 
 aperto, angusto; apertura subovali, vix subquadrata, intns pallida 
 aurantiaca ; labro acutiore, dorsaliter subvaricoso, postice ssepe 
 sinuato, intus obscure vi. -dentato ; labio conspicuo, interdum ex- 
 stante. Long. '5, long. spir. "23, lat. •'61 poll., div. 60°. 
 
 Variat testa obesa, nodulis validis. Variat quoque testa acuminata, 
 nodulis subobsoletis. Long. -52, long. spir. "23, lat. -25 poll., 
 div. 42°. 
 
 48. tNitidella millepimctaia, 
 
 ^.N. testa parva, nitida, livida ; spira exstante, anfractibus subpla- 
 natis, Buturiii distiuctis ; anfr. nucl. laevibus, adoksccutibus ob&o- 
 
 220 
 
collected at Cape St. Lucas. 18 
 
 lete racliatim lirulatis, adultis laevibns ; zona alba postica, sutnram 
 attiiigeiitc, aurantiaco inai'ulata ■, tola praeter zonain superfieie au- 
 rantiaco puiicticulata, pnnctis minimis, creberrimis, rti quincunces 
 dispositis ; apcrtura subquadrata ; labro incrassato, intu3 vi.-den- 
 tato ; labio exstante, a linilis circa basim spiralibus indeutato. 
 Long. '3, long. spir. "l", lat. "I.t poll., div. 40°. 
 
 Differs from C'ulumbetla albuyinosa, Rve., in its peculiar and 
 constant painting. 
 
 49. "iXitidclla densilineata. 
 
 IN. testa ?A'^. miUepunctafam forma et indole simulante, sed omnino 
 nitida, anfractibus jdanatis, sutiiris indistinctis, striolis circa basim 
 minimis; livida, lineolis aiirantiaco-fuscis divaricatis, ssepe ziczac- 
 formibus, densissime signata. Long. '25, long. spir. "lo, lat. "1 
 poll., div. 3.»°. 
 
 The opercula of these two species being unknown, their 
 generic position remains doubtful. The same is true of the two 
 following. 
 
 50. ?Anachis tincta. 
 
 1A. testa parva, turrita, albida, rufo- aurantiaco supra costas tincta ; 
 anfr. nucl. laevibus ; norm, iv.-v., subplanatis, suturis \alde im- 
 pressis ; costulis x. radiautibus, et liris spiralibus transeuntibus, 
 in spira iii. supra costas conspicuis, unaque in sutura, dense in- 
 sculpta; intersiitiis alte caelatis ; apertura subquadrata ; labro in 
 medio incrassato. Long. '19, long. spir. 'Vl, lat. '08 poll., 
 div. 30°. 
 
 51. tAnachis fuscostrigata. 
 
 fA. testa parva, turrita, livida, nitida ; zonls rufo-fuscis, subspiralibus, 
 in spira circ. iii., interdum, mixime ad basim, confluentibus, con- 
 spicue cincta ; lirulis radiantibus subobsoletis, circ. x., prope su- 
 turam se monstraiitibus ; apertura subquadrata. Long. '13, loug. 
 spir. -095, lat. -04.5 poll., div. 20°. 
 
 52. Pisania elata, 
 
 P. testa minore, valde turrita, Latiroidea ; alba, rufo-fusco antice ei 
 postice varie maculata sen stiigata; anfr. nucl. ?....; norm, vi., 
 convexis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantibus vi.-viii., obtusis, 
 interstitiis undatis ; lirulis spiralibus distantibus, in spira plerum- 
 que iii., aliis minoribus intt rcalantibus ; canali angusto, sub- 
 recurvato ; apertura subovata ; pariete postice dentata ; columella 
 parum coutorta. Long. '68, loug. spir. •37, lat. "29 poll., div. 38^. 
 
 221 
 
D. 
 
 CONTRIBUTIONS 
 
 TOWARDS A 
 
 MOXOGRAPH OF THE PANDORIDJI. 
 
 BT 
 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pe. D. 
 
 From the Proceedings of the Zo"'(ogical Society of London, pp. 596-603, 
 
 November 22, 1864. 
 
 ( 223 ) 
 
Contributions 'i'j vrds a V ONOon vrn of the PANDOUiD-a. 
 By Phidi- ". CARrK.vTER, 15. A , Ph.D. 
 
 It is remarkable that, notwithstanding the zeal with which most of 
 the old genera have been divided, lo meet the wants of modern n ala- 
 cology, the genus Pandora, Lam., has been left untouched l)y Dr. 
 Gray, Messrs. Adams, and their fi)llower, Chenu. Yet the species 
 known to the elder Sowerby present three distinct types of hinge, 
 which were well figured by him in his ' Conchological Illustrations.' 
 Specimens and even species of Pandora (except of the well-known 
 N. Atlantic forms) being very rarely seen in collections, it is pre- 
 sumed that naturalists have had but few opportunities of studying 
 them. Mr. Cuming having most kindly allowed me to examine the 
 hinge of all the species in his collection, it has appeared desirable to 
 propose two new genera, and also to group part of the typical species 
 under a subgenus. 
 
 It was at one time thought that the presence of an ossicle in the 
 cartilage was a family mark ol inatinidee, to which Mi/adora from 
 Pandoridce, and Tellimya from Kelliada, were consequently removed. 
 One of the new genera of Pandorids, however, possesses a well-deve- 
 loped o-isicle ; and a small one is seen even in some species of the 
 normal genus. 
 
 The most highly organized structure in the family is found in the 
 North American genus Clidiophora, which has both clavicle* and 
 ossicle; the next is the East- Indian group Coe/odon, which wants 
 both clavicle and ossicle, but possesses a tent-shaped dentition in the 
 left valve. The simplest form is the well-known Pandora, which 
 has neither clavicle, tent, nor ossicle ; but in the subgenus Kennerlia 
 the ossicle is present. The genus Myodora is quite distinct, but 
 connected with Pandora through Kennerlia. 
 
 Genus CLioioPHORAf. 
 
 Testa Pandortformis, ventraliter expansa; vaha dextra tridenfafa, 
 denle postico elonyafo ; vulva sinistra scppius bidentata, dente 
 antico siniplici ; cartilugine ossiculo frmata ; sinu pallii nulto. 
 
 1 . Type, Clidiophora claviculata, Cpr. {Pandora cl.) P.Z.S. 
 185.1, p. 228. 
 
 * The word " clavicle " is used (in default of a better) to denote a linear dental 
 process riiniiini; into the body of the fhell, often serving as a support to the car- 
 dinal plate, as in Annlina and some species of Placimomia, 
 
 t Til. •rXurior', a clavicle: (btpm. . 
 
 15 225 
 
In the dentition of tlip rij^ht vnlve tliis ^ouws ro«pmI)les Ctrfodotif 
 except that tlie posterior lamina is greatly developt-d, resembling a 
 divide. Tlie left valve wants the central toutli and diatnliernf" tl.it 
 geinis. This strnctnral deficiency, however, is conipcnsati'd by the 
 development of an ossicle in the long cartilaire. As far as is known, 
 all the species are from North and Central America, and are swollen 
 ventrally. 
 
 2. ClIDIOPHORA CRISTATA. 
 
 C. t. securi/ormi, uiinus trans^eri»a, fennf, suhplnnata ; timboni- 
 biis ad t lonffitiidiiiis sitis ; rent; af Her miixime excuri'ata ; 
 mnrfiinihiiH dorsal ihiis, post, mrixime tuciirrnto, ant. h'>r et illlc 
 alulis trianyularihua cristato : i/ifnx ttninjiuibiis pos'icis utra- 
 que in ra/ra erectis : v. dextr. deiitc posttco satis Umyo, cicO' 
 trice adductoris tenus hand porrecto ; dente centrali extunte ; 
 dente anticn <i maryive separata, usque ad cic. aiiticum porrecto, 
 haud extante : v. siiiistr. dente post, bifida, hand eufante, ul- 
 teruni recipiente, fossa cartilayiiien coiifiyuit ; d. centr. tiullo ; 
 d. ant. satis extante, usque ad cicatr. ant icam porrecto ; tinea 
 palliari a uiaryme ralde reinata, reyulariter in puncta divisa ; 
 radiis ab umbonibus usque ad puncta cunspicuis, cequulibua ; 
 ossiculo tenui, elongato. 
 Long. 1"0, lat. "6, alt. -1 poll. 
 
 Hab. in sinu Californiensi ; legit Conway Shipley diligentissimusj 
 sp. nn. in Museo Cuniingiano. 
 
 This species is known from C. claviculata by the much greater 
 posterior curvature of the beaks, and anteriorly by the bciiutiful tri- 
 angular wing-like serrations of the margin, in which it resembles 
 Tellidora burneti. The inside has elegant rays from the umbo to 
 the dotted pallial liue. 
 
 3. Clidiophora tabacea, Meusch. (Mas. Gron.). 
 
 Specimens under this specific name are preserved in the Cumingian 
 collection. 
 
 3 a. Clidiophora trilineata, Sav (^Pandora tr.), Ilanl. Rec. 
 Shdls, p. 49. 
 
 3 b. Clidiophora nasuta, Sby. (^Pandora n.), Sp. Conch, f, 
 18, 19. 
 
 It is probable that these are simply varietal forms of the well-known 
 New England species. Say's name and Sowerby's excellent figure 
 prove that the peculiar hinge of the genus was observed by both 
 authors. Mr. Cuming gives "Philippines" as the habitat of his 
 specimens of C. nasuta, probably in error. Mr. Ilanley quotes it as a 
 synonym of C. trilineata. An examination of a large series from Staten 
 I:>land proves that the outhue varies considerably. The tablet in 
 the Nuttallian collection at the British Museum, marked Pandora 
 punctata, belongs to this species. Young shells, when quite perlect, 
 
 226 
 
display faint radiating grooves on the prismatic layer of the flat valve, 
 as in Kennerlia. 
 
 4. Clidiophora punctata, Conr. 
 
 TW\s very rare species was only known in England by worn left 
 Talves in the British Mnseum, and in Mr. Cuiniiij;'s and Mr. llanU-y's 
 collections. The first perfect specimens were dredged l)y Ur. J. G. 
 Cooper (Zoologist to the Calitbrnian State Survey) at San IVdro. 
 A young shell, sent by him to the Smithsonian Institution, disjjlays 
 a dentition agreeing in the main with C. tiilineuta. In the Hat 
 valve, the central and anterior teeth are close together and niatly 
 parallel ; the anterior short, nearly obsolete ; the middle long and 
 sharp, corresponding with the long, sharp tooth in the convex valve, 
 which points to the outside of ilie anterior scar, instead of to the 
 middle, as in C. trilineata. The (posterior) clavicle-tooth in the tiat 
 valve is longer than in the Eastern species, with the cartilage on it 
 for two-fifths of the length. In C. trilineata it lies by the side, nearly 
 the whole way. The posterior margin of the convex valve fits between 
 the clavicle and the margin of the Hat valve. The ossicle is remark- 
 ably long and thin. The punctures are extremely conspicuous even 
 in this young, transparent, and papyraceous specimen ; and, what is 
 more peculiar, the dried remains of the animal are covered with 
 minute pearl-shaped grains of shelly matter corresponding with them. 
 
 4a. Clidiophora depressa, ^h\.,=: Pandora d., Sp. Conch, f. 
 11, 12 ; Haul. Rec. Shells, p. 49. 
 
 The "posterior" dilated side of Sowrrby is the "anterior" of 
 Hanley. The species was constituted from a " very few specimens, 
 all of them much worn down, as if they had been used as ornaments." 
 The hinge therefore may not have been accurately observed. They 
 were part of the Humphrey collection, and perhaps from the Califor- 
 nian region. Judging from the shape (for no type has been disco- 
 vered), it may be identical with C. punctata, (^our. 
 
 5. Clidiophora acutedentata (vice C. B. Ad.). 
 
 C. /. parum " elongata, ovata ; parte postica " haud rostrata, 
 latiors, obtusa : "marline dorsali" posfico "subrecfo; waryine 
 ventrali rotundato," haud tumente ; parte antica curtiore; 
 "umhonibua sulcequahter subconrexis, vrnOone dextro postice 
 angulato^' : intus, v. convexa dente antico magno, acutissiino, 
 medio parvo, postico valido, maxinie elonyato ; v. planata den- 
 tibus antico et postico acutis ; ligamentojuxta dentem poslicum 
 sito. 
 *'Long. •/, lat. -42, alt. -11 poll." 
 
 Hub. in Panama: sp. unicum, postice fractum, legit C. B. Adams 
 deploratus : Museo Coll. Amherstian'ce :=^ Pandora cornula (Gid.), 
 C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 498, P.Z.S. 18()3, p. 3(iS. 
 
 Prof. Adams's "appropriate name suggested by Dr. Gould " being 
 crdculated to mislead, I have tliouclit it iiecessaiv to cliaii'jie ii. 
 
 227 ^ 
 
MiKt of tlic nriirinal dlnsnosis must a1«o be droppe(3, the parts above 
 quoted Ix'iiia; all that it is desirable to retain. The present descrip- 
 tion is written from notes and drawings made on a carefid examina- 
 tion of the broken ty])e. The lines of growth show that, so far from 
 being " cornute," the species is remarkable for the absence of beak, 
 -^the margins being more equally rounded even than in P. ohfvsa, 
 which in shape it somewhat resem'-ies. The hinge is almost exactly 
 like that of C. claviculata, jun., but differs in the somewhat greater 
 proportionate length of the clavicle, and in the unwonted size and 
 sharp pointing of the anterior tooth. The new name has been chosen 
 to record this peculia.ity, rather than follow the modern custom of 
 naming from the author of the mistake. The best naturalists occa- 
 sionally err ; but corrections can be made without affixing a false com- 
 pliment in perpetuity. 
 
 6. ?Clidiophora discors, Sbv. {Pandora d.), P. Z. S. 1835, 
 p. 99 ; Sp. Conch, f. 29, 30. 
 
 The type has not been discovered ; the figure and diagnosis only 
 relate to the outside ; and the habitat is not stated. The genus is 
 therefore doubtful ; but in shape it resembles the young of C. clavi- 
 culata. 
 
 7. ? Clidiophora arcuata, Sbv. {Pandora a.), Sp. Conch, f. 27, 
 28 ; P. Z. S. 183.5, p. 93 ; Hani. Kec. Shells, p. 49. 
 
 The worn valves in the Cumingian collection do not allow of a 
 confident determination of the genus. 
 
 Genus Ccelodon*. 
 
 Testa Pandoriformis : valva sinistra deiitihis duobtis, cicntn'rpm 
 addiictcris anticam versus radiiinfi/jiis, lamina infra cavernosa 
 junctis : ossiculo nulla : sinu pallii nulla. 
 
 The shells of this group vary considerably in shape and dentition 
 in the different species ; but agree in this, that in the left valve there 
 is a kind of tent, formed by a thin laminated roof lying on the top of 
 two diverging teeth. It is hard even to guess what is the use of this 
 (perhaps unique) structure; especially as its opening is not towards 
 the body of the shell, but directly facing the anterior adductor. It 
 is seen at once on opening the typical species, which was well figured 
 by Sowerby, Sp. Conch, f. 22. In the alierrant forms it might easily 
 be overlooked, and a glass is needed to detect it in small specimens ; 
 but if it exists, the shell can be supported on a ])in thrust into the 
 "hollow tooth." When more species are known, the group may 
 require subdivision, the C.Jlexuosus especially presenting a marked 
 transition to Clidiophora. In that genus the posterior part excels 
 in development ; iu Calodon, the anterior. All the known species 
 are from the Eastern seas, but are very seldom seen in colkctious. 
 An enlarged diagnosis of the type species is offered. 
 
 ♦ Th. Kot\oi, hollow ; ocot'j', tooth. 
 
 228 
 
1. CfKT.nnnx rFVT.Avirrs. 
 
 Pandora ceyUmica, >,U\ . P. Z. S. 1835, p. !;4 , S]). Cmioli. f. 20, 
 21, 2'2, = P. cei//niitru, Haul. llec. Slulls, j». 50, = P. t«t/«ta, Cliemi, 
 Man. Conch, ii. p. ftA. f. 214. 
 
 C. t. pla/iafa, rnstrota, securifnnni ; rentraliter maxinip, avfire 
 
 satis excurrnta ; maryine pnstiro dorsali vahle iiici'rrnto : 
 
 infus, vulva dextra, marr/ine postico rectannvlalim fiipprxtante, 
 
 deiifitiis antiiis ii. pra'lni}</i(!, satis extnntihus, asi/iie ad cim- 
 
 tricem addt/ctoris contiiiuis, dentem cavernusum valrce alterius 
 
 atnplectantibiis ; dente postico curtiore, extante, fossam carti- 
 
 lajjineam per totam toiuiifvdineHi yerentp : valca sinistra, mar- 
 
 gine postico subrectaiiyulatim superstante ; sulco postico 
 
 dentem v. alt. recipiente ; dentibus anlicis usque ad. cicufncem 
 
 adductoris contiiiuis, centrali lonyiore, plusquam diiiiidiu inter' 
 
 stitii lamina teiuii tecto, ventraliter arcuato. 
 
 Under this species, of which the correct locality appears in the 
 
 name, Mr. Sonerby quotes "a single specimen obtained at Island 
 
 Mnerte, W. Columbia, 11 fm., by Mr. Cuming." The hinge may 
 
 not have been examined. The shell quoted does not now a[)pear in 
 
 the Cumingian collection, and probably belonged to Clidiophora 
 
 claviculaia, which in shajie resembles the typical Coelodon. 
 
 la. CcELODON CUMiNGii, Haul. {Pandora c), P. Z. S. 18G1, 
 p. 272. 
 
 This agrees with the last species in shape and dentition, and is 
 probably only a variety. 
 
 Hub. Philippines {Cuming). 
 
 2. CcELODON DELiCATULUS, A. Ad. {Pandora d.) P. Z. S. (diagn. 
 auct.). 
 
 . . . marginibvs dorsalibus ad anyuhnn circ. 160° divergentibus : 
 
 cardine v. dextr. dente postico satis elungato ; centrali curto, 
 
 ad umbonem valde calloso ; antico longissimo, cicatricem ant. 
 
 superante, margini contiyuo : v. sinistr. dente centrali curto, 
 
 supra cavernam evecto, in anticum pralongum continuo. 
 
 In this species, the shape of which is not unliloe P. obtusa, though 
 
 less transverse, the anterior teeth are enormously developed at the 
 
 expense of the central. These are short, but prominent ; in the left 
 
 valve bent over, along the whole length, to form the roof of the 
 
 chamber, and then drawn on mto the anterior tooth. 
 
 3. C(ELODON ELONGATUS, n. 8. 
 
 C. t. parva, tenuissima, maxime planata ; parte antica tninore, 
 excurvata ; ventraliter valde excurvata, postice maxime elon- 
 gata, rostro angustiore ; dorsaliter valde incurvata : intus, v. 
 dextr. dente post, satis longo ; d. centrali prcelongo, postice 
 flecto, cicatricem adducfuris pnrum superante ; d, antico tni- 
 nore : V. sinistr, cartHugine valde elvngutu, postice situ ; d. 
 
 229 
 
eevfrnfi prrpJnvgn, pn.^ficf forto ; &. anttro r.rinnre a margins 
 remoto, lamina totius lomjitiidinis ad centralem juncto. 
 
 Long, -(ia, lat. '.3, alt. 0.") poll. 
 
 Jlah. ill China et Borneo {Mas. Cuming.). 
 
 Tills species is the Eastern representative of P. rostrafa, as is C. 
 delicafiilus of P. ohtusa. It has the reverse dentition, the central 
 tooth beiiie; very long, and the anterior short, bridged over to meet 
 it at the whole length. In the Borneo shell, which is larger, the 
 anterior tooth is rather longer, with the front margin of the ceiling 
 more incurved ; but the diiFerences are probably due to increased 
 age only. 
 
 4. CfELODON FLEXUo?us, Shy. {Pandora/.), Sp. Conch, f. 13, 
 14, 15 ; Haul. Rec. Shells, p. 49 (diagn. auct.), 
 
 • . . cardine v. dextra dente posfico prcelongo, a margine separato, 
 usque ad cicatr. addnct. porrecto ; fossa cartilaginea curta, 
 inter denies post, et centr, sita ; d. centr. curtissimo, maxitnt 
 extante, retrorsum dejlecto ; d. ant. tninimo, pene obsolete : r. 
 sinistr. sulco prcelongo postico ; fossa cartilaginea separata^ 
 cirrtiore ; d. centr. extante, curtissimo, supra cnvernam pyrt- 
 fnrmem, in dentem anticum usque ad cicatr . adduct. prolonga- 
 turn, porrecto. 
 
 Thiji long-known but rare Red Sea species is to Pandora what 
 Trisis ((jray) is to Area. It is swollen and twisted, and, by ita 
 long clavicle, forms an interesting transition to Clidiophora. 
 
 A a. 1 CcELODON UNGuicuLUS, Sby. {Pandora «.), Sp. Conch; 
 f. 16, 17 ; Ilanl. Rec. Shells, p. 49. 
 
 The type has not been found of this species, which was described 
 from a convex valve only. It clearly belongs to the same section as 
 C.fexiiosus, and, though the shape is somewhat different, perhaps 
 it is only a variety. 
 
 Genus Pandora, Lam. 
 
 It is proposed to limit this genus according to the diagnosis of Sow- 
 erby, founded on Lamarck's. Succeeding naturalists have adopted 
 the diagnosis, while they have included in it species to which it did 
 not afiply *. It presents a very simple type of hinge, as though the 
 Pandorid idea were gradually fading away towards Myodora. The 
 P. wardiana is the finest species in the group ; but it is scarcely 
 typical, having the radiating grooves of the section Kennerlia. The 
 Lamarckian ty])e is the Teltina "ttqualis of Linnaeus. 
 
 1. Pandora rostrata. Lam., Forbes & HauL et zt, plur.^ 
 P incequalis, Linn., Gray, Add. 
 
 * Chenii. however (Man. Conch, ii. p. 51), gives an original and extended 
 diagnosis, in which be accredits to the whole genus " une dent triangulaire, 
 aplatie, hifurquee. dont lu portion anterieiire, j)lus tongue, se prolonge jusqu'a 
 rimpression niusculaire auttncure " — a character which ouly hclonjjs to the sec- 
 tion Cte/oi/oq. 
 
 230 
 
2 Pandora obtusa, Lam., auct. 
 
 3. Pandora brkvifrons, Sby., Sp. Conch, f. 25, 26; P. Z. S. 
 1835, p. 93. 
 
 4. Pandora cistula, Gld. Otia, p. 77. 
 
 This species is not quoted in the index to the E. E. Moll., but 
 appears in the text (p. 39()) and in the Atlas (f. 500). In shape, 
 but not in texture, it resembles P. oblonga. 
 
 5. Pandora oblonga, Sby., Sp. Conch f. 10; Hani. Rec. Shells, 
 p. 49. 
 
 The unique type of this species, from Humphrey's collection, has 
 not been found ; it was not described in the P. Z. S., and very closely 
 resembles P. rostrata. 
 
 6. Pandora radiata, Sby., P. Z. S. 1835, p. 24; Sp. Conch. 
 f. 23, 24. 
 
 7. Pandora wardiana, A. Ad. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 487. 
 
 No ossicle has been observed in any of the above species. If it he 
 found hereafter in living; specimens of the grooved P. radiata and 
 P. wardiana, they should be removed to the subgenus. The g-roup 
 is not local, as appears to be the case with CoeloiJon and Cltt/ /tora, 
 being found in both hemispheres and on both sides of the ei^uator. 
 
 Subgenus Kennerlia*. 
 
 Pandora cartilagine ossiculo tenuiore instructa ; lamina extC' 
 riore prismatica valvee pfanata radiis plerumque insculpta. 
 
 The ty{)ical species have radiating grooves in the exterior prismatic 
 layer of the right valve. These have not been observed in K. glu- 
 cialis, but perhaps the specimens are somewhat decorticated. The 
 essential character is the possession of an ossicle. This is well deve- 
 loped in K. fflacialis, but so thin in the other species that it is often 
 hidden in dried shells by the contraction of the cartilage. The first 
 species in which it was observed (Dr. Kennerley having sent several 
 fresh specimens, preserved iu alcohol, to the Smithsonian Institu- 
 tion) was 
 
 1. Kennerlia filosa, n. s. 
 
 K. t. tenui, planoconvexa, maxime rostrata ; marginibus dorsa- 
 libus rectis, ad angulum circ. 1()0°; ventrali regiilariter et 
 modice excurvato, postice vix sinuato ; epidermide ohvacea, 
 2)lerumque erosa, postice corrvgata ; lamina externa prismatica 
 spongiosa ; valva planata radiutim sulcata (quasi Jilosa), sulc is 
 distantibus; valva convexa, costa obtusissima postice decurrente ; 
 
 • Named in grateful remembrance of the services rendered to science by the 
 late Dr. Kennerley, the naturalist to the American N. Pacific Bouiulary Survey ; 
 whose premature death has interrupted, almost at the uuset, our kuuvviedge of 
 the dreilging-tauna of I'uget Sound 
 
 231 
 
lineis sen undis incrementi conxpiriiis : intus dente carihnaJi 
 una, parvo, extante ; callositate claviculoidea antica, mari/iiii 
 contiyua ; fosxa (:artila(jiiiea posfice sita ; cicatricif/iis addnc- 
 torum rotundatis, maryini dursali contiyuis ; liaea j^allii sijn- 
 plici. 
 
 Long. -8, lat. -4, alt. '12 poll. 
 
 Hub. in sinu Pugctiano (^Kennerlei/'). 
 
 2. Kennerlia bicarinata, n. s. 
 
 K. f. " K. filosse " simili, sed haud rostrata ; posfice fafiore f 
 caririis in valvn convexa duabus, in valva plannta una, ex umbo- 
 nibus posfice decurrentibus ; lan'ina prisma fica radiatiin sul~ 
 cafa, hatid sponyiosa ; valca C( vexa tenuiter indentata ; liya- 
 menfo elunyato, fenuissimo. 
 Long. •."), lat. "In, alt. '06 poll. 
 
 Ilab. in insula Catalina, Califomioe ; 40-60 uln., rara {Dr. J. G. 
 Cooper. State Geological Survey Coll. no. 10()3; Mus. Smithsonian 
 Inst.). 
 
 The shape and keels at once distinguish this beautiful little species 
 from its Northern ally, with which, in the hinge and threading of 
 the outer layer, it exactly agrees. The ligament in both species is 
 extremely thin, holding the valves together from the umbo to the 
 posterior end. The fossil Pandora bilirufa, Conr., may prove iden- 
 tical with this recent species ; but the diagnosis, figure, and type 
 specimen are so imperfect that it would be too hazardous to .ffiliate 
 them. 
 
 3. Kknnerlia glactalis, Leach {Pandora yl.), Sby. Sp. Conch, 
 f. 4, 5, 6 ; Ilanl. Rec. Shells, p. 49 (diagu. auct.). 
 
 . . .valva dextra callo conspicuo fossam cartilagineam firmante i 
 ossiculo fortiore. 
 
 The known species of Kennerlia are thus confined to the North 
 Pacific and the Arctic seas. The diagnosis of No. 1 belongs to a 
 paper on Dr. Kennerley's new species in the Journ. Ac. N. S. Philad. ; 
 and that of No. 2 to a series of papers on Dr. Cooper's new species 
 in the Proc. Calif. Ac. N. S. They ar» inserted here to complete 
 the monograph, as far as known to the writer. The " Pando-^a 
 striata, Quoy" (Add. Gen. ii. p. 3/1), i3 a Myodora. The Iixtter 
 geuus is so well defined that no alteration is proposed in it. 
 
 232 
 
K. 
 
 DIAGNOSES 
 
 OF 
 
 NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA 
 
 FROM 
 
 THE VANCOUVER DISTRICT. 
 
 BY 
 
 PHILIP p. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol 
 XIV. (Nos. 5—37), pp. 423-429, December, 1864. Ibid. Vol.' XV 
 (No8. 37—56), pp. 2S— 32, January, 1865. 
 
 ( 233 ) 
 
DIAGNOSES 
 or 
 
 KEW POTtMS OE MOLLUSCA 
 
 FROM 
 
 THE VAXCOUVER DISTRICT. 
 
 BT 
 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 The shells here described were mostly collected by Indian chil- 
 dren for their excellent teacher Mr. J. G. Swan, in the neiglibour- 
 hood of Neeah Bay, W. T. They were presented by him to the 
 Smithsonian In>titution, Washington, D.C. ; and, in accordance 
 with their liberal policy, the first available duplicates will be 
 found in the British Museum or in Mr. Cuming's Collection. 
 The •species are numbered to correspond with the list in the 
 Briti a Association Report for 1863, pp. 626—628; see also 
 pp. 636-66i. 
 
 5. Mcera salmonea. 
 
 M. testa parva, solida, coinf)acta, subquadrata ; laevi, nitente, epi- 
 dermide tenui cinerea iiuluta ; extus pallide, infus vivide salmoneo . 
 tincta; marginibus doisalil)us rectis, ad angulum 120° separatis, 
 umboiiibus baud extantibus ; marginihus antico et ventrali regu- 
 lariter late excurvatis; parte postica brevissima, hrud angulata : 
 intus, dent. card, utraque valva ii., quorum unus bifidus ; laterali- 
 bus V. dextr. a'quidistautibus, ant. extante, post, parvo ; nyrapbis 
 rectis, baud conspieuis ; cicatr. add. post, subrotundata, ant. sub- 
 rboniboidea ; sinu pallii satis regulariter ovali, per iv. inter v. 
 partes iiiterstitii poirecto. Long. '.57, lat. •4.5, alt. 'll poll. 
 
 Variat testa aurantiaca, rarius albida, rosaceo tincta. 
 
 Hab. San Francisco [Pac. Rail. E. E.) ; Neeali Bay {Sivan)^ 
 plentiful; jMonterey, 20 fathoms {Cuope?-). 
 
 In shape almost close to Macoma cras^n, Desh. (Arctic) ; 
 but that species is thinner, not glossy or salmon-coloured^ aud 
 has no lateral teeth. 
 
 6. Angttlus variegatus. 
 
 A. testa forma A. nhfvso simili, sed costa interna omnino caren*; 
 ralde iuset^uiluteiiiii, :>uUdiun.>, aittate, rosaceo et iiavido subrai' 
 
 235 _^ 
 
2 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on neir Forms of MoUusca 
 
 tim elesantcr variesata ; striis iiirrcmenti conrentricis, postlce ex- 
 tantiorihus ; iimhoiiibus postice flectcntibus, obtusis : ])arte antica 
 prolongafa, regulariter exeiirvata ; niargiiiibus dorsali et ventrali 
 subparallelis, subrt'ctis ; parte posticn curtiore, subaiigiilata : intus, 
 dent. card, utraque valva ii. miiiirtis, quorum alter bitidus ; v. 
 dext. dent, lat., ant. curto, satis extante, post, nullo ; iiyniphis 
 Curtis, latis, parum concavis, subito sectis, vah is postca subalatis ; 
 sinu pallii fere cicatr. aut. tcuus porrecto. Long. •J'l, lat. •42, 
 alt. -15. 
 
 Hah. Neeah Bay (Siran) ; Monterey and Catalina Island, 
 20-60 fathoms, rare [Cooper). 
 
 Subgenus ]\Iiodon*. 
 
 Testa Lncinoidea, dentibus cardinalibus, ut in Cardita, elongatis ; 
 laterali aiuico parvo instructa. 
 
 This little group of species is intermediate in cliaraetcr be- 
 tween Astarte, Venericardiu, and Liicina. It tirst apjx'ars in 
 the Great Oolite, where it is represented by Astarte [Miodon) 
 orbicularis, J. Sby. .Min. Conch, pi. 444. f. 2, 3. This must not 
 be confounded with a second and true Astarte orbicularis, by the 
 same author, pi. 520. f. 2. It appears in Mr. Searles Wood's 
 Crag-series as Astarte corbis. The following is the only receuJb 
 species at present known. 
 
 9. ^liodun prnlungutus. 
 
 M. testa parva, solida, tuniida, compacta, albida ; ventraliter antice 
 valde prolongata, excurvata ; lunula longa, rectiore, hand impressa; 
 umbonibus antice inflectis, obtusis, valde proniinentibus ; niargine 
 dorsali postico parum excurvato ; costis radiantibus x.-xii. latis, 
 obtusis, niarginem attingentibns, parum expressis, dorsaliter obso- 
 letis, a liris incrementi coneentricis, plus minusve distantibus, ex- 
 pressis. hie et illic interruptis : intus, niargine a costis plus miimsve 
 obsoletim crenulato ; cardine dentibus v. dextr., uno postico, inter 
 duas fossas elongato, et lat. ant. lunulari; v.sinistr., dent, ant. trian- 
 gulari, po?t. valde elongato, lat. ant. minimo, obsoleto; cicatr. add. 
 subrotundatis, ventraliter sitis. Long. '23, lat. "24, alt. 'IG. 
 
 Subgenus Adula, Add. (diagn. auct.). 
 
 Testa inter Modiolam et Lithophagum. intermedia, cylindracea ; 
 umbonibus obtusis ; parte antica longiore ; ligamento subinterno, 
 valde elongato ; epidermide hand testacea. 
 
 Animal byssiferum, in cry[ttis aftixum ; musculis adductoribus 
 majoribus, antico ovato. 
 
 Constituted by Messrs. Adams for A. soleniformis, D'Orb., 
 which very closely resembles the young of the Vancouver species : 
 enlarged to receive the shells of Lithophagoid shape which arc 
 
 * TA. /zeioji', smaller; ofioiis, tooth. 
 
 236 
 
from the Vancoui'cr D'mtrict, 8 
 
 monrcrl by bys'^us, like Mud'wiu. Tlie largest known gperifs is 
 A.falcatu, Gld., which is iionnally straiglit, but often grows in 
 A twisted burrow. J parasitica, Desb., and the loug-kuowa 
 A. cinnaniumea appeal 'igeneric. 
 
 J.J. Adnla stijVma. 
 
 A. testa cyliiulracea, llthophagoidea, lievi, tenuissima, parum ar- 
 cuata, subnacrea, aliiida, postice iuterdum livido tiiicta ; epicler- 
 niide niteiite, Isevi, solidiore, iiigro-fusca : testa jiin. tvpice tnodio. 
 Jeeforiiii, unil)onil)U'i stibantieis, ohtusissimis ; marline dorsali 
 antice (rarissinie |)auhilu;i!, testa iniiiiiiia, postice) tenuiter cienu- 
 lato : testa adulta niargiiiilius dors, et ventr. fere paiMlUlis, aiit. 
 pr. post, rotiuulatis ; uiiil)oiiil)ns detritis, baud coiKpicuis, cireiter 
 sextantitn antice sitis ; iiicriistatioue baud solida, deii>issime spon- 
 giosa, aream posticain (bjigonalein ttj^ente, supra valvas prolongata, 
 appressa ; liajameuto interno, postice valde jjrolongato ; |)a!:iiia 
 interna pallida ; eicatr. add. postiea tuinida, pyritoriiii, aiitica 
 (qufiad faiiiiliaiii) maxitna, baud iinpressa, olilonga ; eicatr. pt-dH'i 
 autica magna, circulari, inipressa ; callositate snljunii)onidi (testa 
 jim.) eicatr. pedalem versus couspieua. I^ong. •If).'), lat. A, alt. '.i, 
 
 Variat t. magis arcuata ; ut '\n A. fulcata, autice tumidiore, sub- 
 angidata. 
 
 Variat qunquie testa attenuata. 
 
 Variat interdum ventraliter late biante. 
 
 Hab. Neeab Bay, abundant {Swan) ; IMontcrey {Taylor), 
 
 On smashing a large lump of hard clay, bored by Pholads, 
 Petricolids, &c., large numbers of this species, with a few of A. 
 falcuta, of all ages from OG onwards, were tound in sitti. Several 
 struggled for room in a single crypt. The uuibos are abraded 
 by the wide opening of the valves. 
 
 14. Axinaa (iseptentrionalis, var.) suhohsoleta. 
 
 A. testa A. septentriovali sirnili, paruui insequilaterali, baud tumida; 
 umbonibus obtusis, latis, satis prominenliljus ; ciuerea, rufo eas- 
 taneo varie picta ; epidermide copiosa, sublaiiiiiiata ; marginibus 
 ventrali et postico valde rotundatis, autico j)arum producto, doi- 
 sali recto ; sulcis radiantibus subobsoletis sculpta, dor>aliter ^a'JJe 
 evanidis : intus, niarginibus ventrali valde, ant. et post, parum cre- 
 natis ; lamina cardinis subangulata ; dentibus paucioribus, validis, 
 angustatis ; eicatr. add. antica castauea, callosa ; ligamento si\".- 
 cato. Long. '13, lat. '12, alt. •/. 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay {Sivan) ; Shoal water Bay {Cooper). 
 
 Middendorff's shell is figured with much stronger ribs, but 
 may have been described from decorticated specimens. 
 
 15. Siphonaria Thersites. 
 
 S. testa parva, tenui, baud elevata, valde insequilaterali, dense nigro- 
 castanea, locvi, seu interduni costulis jtaucis, obtusis, obsoletis, 
 
 237 
 
4 T)r. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of MnUusca 
 
 radiatim vix oniata ; epidcrrnide Isevi, tenui, fugaci ; costa pidmo> 
 nali iiitiis et extus valde conspiciia, tuineiite ; vertice obtuso, 
 pleruiiKjue ad qiiiidrantem, interduin ad truiitein totins loiigitu- 
 dinis sito ; iiitus intense uigro-fusco, niargiue acuto. Long. "40, 
 lat. -33, alt. -17. 
 
 Hub. Neeah Bay (Swan). 
 
 This genus, which culminates in western tropical America and 
 at Cape Horn, is not known in California. Tiie Vancouver spe- 
 cies resembles ^. lateralis and its congeners, but differs in having 
 an enormous lung-rib and no colour-rays. 
 
 16. Mupalia {Kennerleiji, var.) Swannii. 
 
 M testa 3/. Kennerleyi typicfe simili, sed jugo fornicate, baud cari- 
 nato ; omniiio rubida, sculjitura mult) iniiius expressa ; areis late- 
 ralibus vix definitis ; latera versus subgrauulata ; dorsum versus 
 liiieis jugum versus proeedeiitibus, interstitiis puiictatis ; sinu 
 postico latiore ; limbo pallii lato, coriaceo, vix piluloso. Long, 
 2-4, lat. 1-, div. r_'()°. 
 
 Hub. Tatooche Island [Swan). 
 
 23. Margarita Cidaris, A. Ad. 
 
 3/. testa magna, conica, Turcicoidea, tenui; albido-cii.erea, nacreo- 
 argentato; aufr. nucleo5is?...(decollatis), norm, vii., t ubplanatis ; 
 suturis alte insculptis ; superficie spirae tota valide tuberculosa, 
 seriebus tribus, alteris postea intercalantibus ; peripheria et basi 
 TGtundatis, earinatis ; carinis circ. viii., hand acutis, irregularibus, 
 scabris, baud tuberculosis ; lacuna umbilieali vix conspicua ; aper- 
 tura subrotundata ; labro tenuissimo ; labio obsoleto ; columella 
 arcuata. Long. 1*1, long. spir. "Gj, lat. vo, div. GO". 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay [Swan). 
 
 INIr. A. Adams suggested the above expressive name for this 
 very remarkable and unique shell. 
 
 25. Gibbula parcipicta. 
 
 G. testa solidiore, parva, conica, pallida, purpureo-fusco varie nebu- 
 losa et maculata ; anfr. v., rotundatis ; carinis ii. valiiMs in spira 
 se monstrantibus, minore intercalante ; interstitiis subsuturalibus, 
 sublaevibus, inter carinas obtuse decussatis ; lira peripberica de- 
 fmita, ssepe in spira se monstrante ; ba?i valde rotundata; lirulis 
 basalibus circ. v. rotundatis, subdistaiitibus ; apertura subeirculari; 
 columella arcuata ; umbilico majore, infundibuliformi, baud augu- 
 lato. Long. "14, long. spir. '07, lat. •13, div. 70°. 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay (Sw-'fl/.j ; Santa Crux (/?o«;i?//). 
 
 26. Gibbula succinda. 
 
 G. testa parva, subelevata, solidiore; livida, testa jnn. strigis angustis, 
 creberriniis, fusco-pnrpureis peuicillata, testa adulta niaculis qiio- 
 que magiiis nebulosa ; aulV. v., subquadratis; liris obtusis mediuiiis 
 
 238 
 
from the Vancouver District. 6 
 
 et striis subobsolctis cincta, suturis valcle impressis ; basi rotuii- 
 aata, obtuse augulata, striis ssepe evanidis spiralibus oriiata, tesra 
 adiilta circa unibilicum mau;mim, intundibulit'ormem, vix ansru- 
 latum, s?cpe tumidiore, medio obtuse iinpressa ; apertura sub- 
 quadrata, parum deelivi ; columella subarcuata. Long. '16, long, 
 spir. -07, lat. -IG, div. 70°. 
 
 Hub. Neeah Bay {^Swan) ; Lower California, on Halioi'* 
 {Ruwell). 
 
 27. Gibbula lacunata. 
 
 C. testa par^'a, fusco-purpurea, solidiore ; marginibus spirse valde 
 exctirvatis ; antVactibus nucleosis normalibus, postea iv. subpla- 
 natis, suturis distinctis, apice mamillato ; sublsevi, circa basin 
 vix anfiulatam striolata, striolis spiralibus distantibus ; apertura 
 suborbiculari, parum deelivi ; labio juxta umbilicum constrictum, 
 quasi lacunatum, lobato ; columella callositate parva umbilicum 
 coustringente. Long. '11, long. spir. "0.5, lat. '11, div. b{f. 
 
 Lab. Neeah Bay {Swan). 
 
 28. Gibbula funiculata, 
 
 G. testa parva, elevata, compacta, fusca; marginibus spirae excur- 
 vatis ; antr. vi., baud tuniidis, suturis parum impressis ; lirulis 
 crebris rotundatis undique cincta, quarum v. in spira monstrantur; 
 interstitiis parvis ; basi rotundata, baud angulata ; umbilico parvo, 
 hand carinato ; apertura suborbiculari, parum deelivi ; columella 
 vix arcuata. Long. "24, long. spir. '11, lat. •'2, div. 70°. 
 
 Hub. Neeah Bay {Swan), specimen unicum. 
 
 29. Hipponyx cranioides, 
 
 n. testa valde planata, majore, albida; vertice nucleoso? ... ; testa 
 adulta apice interdum subcentrali, saepius plus minusve postico ; 
 laminis incrementi confertis, undique rapide augentibus ; striis 
 radiantibus fortiorlbus, confertissimis, laniinarum margines saepe 
 crenulantibus ; niargine acuto i cicatr. muse, angusta, margin! 
 contiirua, regione capitis minore, ssepe dcxtrorsum torsa ; epi- 
 dermide?. . . Long. -8."), lat. '75, alt. '3. 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay {Swan). 
 
 30. Bivonia compacta. 
 
 B. testa satis magna, saepe solitaria, purpureo-fusca, spiraliter ple- 
 rumque satis regulariter contorta, obsoletim cancellata seu sculp- 
 tura fere evanida ; testis tenacissime adhaerente. Long, (plerum- 
 que) •/, lat. "3, diam. ajiert. •!. 
 
 Hah. Barclay Sound ; abundant on Pachijpoma gibberosum 
 {Swan). 
 
 Belongs to Bivonia, Gray (not Morch). Has the aspect of 
 Peialocunchus matrophrnaina on a large scale, but is entirely 
 destitute of internal lttuii..is. One specimen had a faint colu- 
 
 239 
 
6 Dr. 1'. P. Carpenter on new Forms uf Mullvsca 
 
 niellar thread for two whirls only. Operculum norma 
 thin edge, dark red. 
 
 32. Lacuna porrecta. 
 
 L. testtL L. pufeolo simili, sed iimlto majore, spira ma2;is exserta ; 
 seu oniiiiiio fiisea, seu zona palfuJiore, sen pallida liiieolis fiisres- 
 centibus teiniissime spiraliter oinata ; cpidermide teiiuitcr striata 
 olivacea seu viridesceiite induta; tenuiore, spiraliter tenuiter striata ; 
 anfr. v., vix plauati;*, rapide aufjrntibns, snturis impres!>is, vertiee 
 mamillato ; apertura tuinente ; labio tenui, vix parietem attiugente, 
 iutus sul)recto ; lacuna maxima, elonsrata, ad basin areuata ; peri- 
 pheria expansa. Lonp. 'o^, lona;. spir. 2. lat. -4, div. M0°. 
 
 ?Var. effu.^a : testa L.pnrrectce sinuli, sed inulto miijore ; spira elevata, 
 satis eft'usa ; anfr. tninidioribus, sutnris valde impressis ; aperturam 
 \ersus magis expansa. Long. •6f), long. spit. '2h, lat. *.'), div. 60°. 
 
 ?Var. exeequata : testa L. effusce simili, sed anfr. planatis, snturis 
 parum mipressis. Long, -a, long. spir. '2, lat. 'A'l, div. yO". 
 
 Huh. Neeah Bay {^wan). 
 
 The form L. exeequata is intermediate between the very dif- 
 ferent L. porrecta and L. effusa. Tiie Lacuna vary so much 
 {vide Forbes & llanley in loco) tliat, even with a large multitude 
 of specimens, it is not easy to state what constitutes a species. 
 
 33. Lacuna (? soHdula, var.) compacta. 
 
 L. testa X. solidulfP, var., simili ; parva, solida, compacta, angnsta, 
 subturrita, marginibus spirae excurvatis : aurantiaca, interdum pal- 
 lidiore znnata ; anfr. snbplanati.*, sutnris distinctis ; tota supertiiie 
 confertissime spiraliter striolata ; basi valde angulata, subplanata ; 
 apertura subqnadrata ; coli-.mella vix lacunatu. Long. •2.'^, long, 
 spir. '1, lat. -17, div. (Jl)°. 
 
 Variat testa elongata : variat quoque columella normaliter lacunata. 
 
 Hab. Necah Bay [Swan). 
 
 Possibly an extreme form of the very variable L. solidula, Lov. 
 {= L. carinata, Gld., non A. Ad., = Modelia striata, (Jabb), yet 
 distinct in all ages. The young shells resemble small LitorituB, 
 
 34. Lacuna variegata. 
 
 L. testa tenui, plus minusve elevata, soluta, irregnlari ; adolescente 
 fusco-purpnreo ; adulta iivida, radiatim seu diagonaliter varie ir- 
 regulariter strigata, strigis fuseo-aurantiacis, saepe ziczaeformiljus ; 
 anfr. vi., quorum prinii compacti, apice subinainillato ; deio soliitis, 
 postice planatis, antiee ex[)ansis ; basi rottuulata seu angulata ; 
 apertura subovata ; labro postice porrecto ; labio srcpe parietem vix 
 attingente; columella intus recta, extus valde lacunata. Long. 'J, 
 long. spir. 'IG, lat. "l", div. 50°. 
 Hub. Neeah Bay {Swnti). 
 
 Painted like L. decorata, A. Ad., which differs in having a 
 normal growth, with very slight chink. 
 
 240 
 
from the Vancouver District. f 
 
 35. Isnpis fpncstrala. 
 
 I. testa /. nrnitJetp forma et indole siinili ; carinis ix. aoittis r(|iiarnni 
 iv. in «i|iira inonstrantnr) cincta ; interstitiis (lii|ilo latiorihus, con- 
 cinne (|ua(iratim derussatis, Ijiulis radiantibiis ncnti-ts.mis ; anf'r. 
 postice tnmentibus, suturis valde excavatis ; peritreiiiate contr.mo; 
 lal)ro a carinis pt-Ktinatn ; labio pariotein parnni attiiigpnte, medio 
 calloso ; uinbilico angusto. Long. -18, long. spin. -13, lat. "ly, 
 div. 70°. 
 
 Hah. Neeah Bay {Sivan) ; S. Diego and Sta. Barbara Island 
 (Cooper). 
 
 Dr. Cooper's shells are much smaller than those from the 
 Vancouver district, which are white and eroded, varying much 
 in the size of the umbilicus. 
 
 36. Alrnnia reticulata. 
 
 A. testa parva, subtnrrita, rufo-fuscn, marginibus spirre rertis ; anfr. 
 nucleosis ii. et dimidio, naticoideis, laevibus, tiiineiitibus, ajiiee 
 mamillato ; norm, iii., tumidis, suturis inipressis ; liris angu!<tis, 
 distantibus, spiralibus circ. xii. fqnaruni iv.-vi. in spira mon- 
 8trantur),etlirulisradiantibus, supra transeuntibus, hand nodnlosis, 
 secundum interstitia incurvatis, eli'gantcr exscnl|)ta ; interstitiis 
 altis, quadratis ; peritremate continuo, subrotundato, acutiore. 
 Long. 'OH-i, long. spir. 'Or>, lat. '04, div. 30°. 
 
 Hub. Neeah Bay; two specimens in shell-washings {Swan). 
 
 37. Alvania flosa. 
 
 A. testa A. reliculatce indole et colore, hand scnlptura, simili ; multo 
 majore, elongata ; anfr. nucl. ?... (dctritis), norm, iv.; striis parum 
 separatis circ. xviii. (quarum circ. xii. in spira monstrantur) cincta; 
 rugulis radiantibus posticis creberriniis, baud expressis, circa peri- 
 pberiani evanidis ; peritremate continuo ; columella rufo-purpureo 
 tincta. Loiig. -13, long. spir. -09, lat. -OG. div. 20°. 
 
 Hub. Neeah Bay; orre specimen in shell-washings {Swan), 
 
 38. tAssiminea subrotundata. 
 
 1A. testa hand parva, Isevi, tenui, fusco-olivacea ; anfr. nucl. ?...(de- 
 collatis) ; norm, v., rapide augentibus, subrotundatis; niaririnibus 
 spirse rectis, suturis valde inipressis; basi rotundata, baud uinbili- 
 cata ; apertura rotundato-ovali, intus fuscescente ; pcritrem.ite 
 continuo ; labro acuto ; labio parum calloso ; columella arcrj.:a. 
 Long. "28, long. spir. '13, lat. •2, div. 6.0°, 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay ; one specimen amoTig Lacuna {Swan'}, 
 
 May prove to be a large Hydrobia. 
 
 39. tPaludinella caatnnca. 
 
 TP. testa compacta, solidiore, fusco-cabtauca, niargiuibiiB cpirae rec- 
 16 241 
 
8 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of MitUuyca 
 
 tiorlbns ; rujiulosa, lineis dlstantil)us spiralibus irregularitcr in* 
 scul]ita ; antV. nuclcosis ?. . . . (dL'tritis), vertice late inamillato; 
 norm, iv., rapiilius augentibus, tuniidioribus, suturis satis im- 
 pressis ; basJ TPgulariter excurvata, vix i iuiata ; apertura sul)orbi- 
 ciilari, baud coiitinua ; labro aruto; labio supra parietem obsolcto, 
 supra cobunellam arcuatam iutns onUow. operculo, antV. jv. luud 
 rapide augentibus. Long. -'Il, long. spir. 'OD, lat. "17, div. 70". 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay ; one specimen among Lacuna {Swan). 
 
 May be an aberrant Assiminea. 
 
 40. Mangelia crebricostata. 
 
 M. testa tereti, rufo-fusca, albo zonata ; anfr. nucl. ? • . . (dccolbitis) ; 
 norm. V. elongatis, sidirotundatis, suturis ini))ressis ; costis radi- 
 antibus, obtU'-is, subrectis, circ. xv., spiram ascendentibus ; sculp- 
 tura spirali? . . . (detritJi) ; apertura pyriforini, antrorsum in ca- 
 iialem brevem attenuata ; labro postice parum siiniato ; labio con- 
 spieuo. Long. -54, long. spir. "3, lat. "2, div. 28°. 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay; 1 specimen {Swan). 
 
 41. Mangelia interfossa. 
 
 M. testa parva, Talde attenuata, rufo-fusca, marginibus spirpe parum 
 excurvatis ; anfr. nuel. ii., ut in Chrijsodomo irregularilius, apice 
 jnaniillato ; norm, vi., paruin excurvatis, hand tabulatis, suturis 
 distinctis ; costis radiantibus circ. xv., angustis, extaiitibus ; cos- 
 tulis spiralibus circ. xv., (piarum circ. v. sou vi. in spira moustrantur, 
 angustis, supra costas transeuntibus, ad intersectioues parum no- 
 dulosis ; interstitiis altis, quadratis ; basi cffusa ; apertura sub- 
 pyriformi; labro acuto, postice vix emarginato; labio tenui. 
 Long. "38, long. spir. •22, lat. '13, div. 25°. 
 
 Hab. Neeab Bay; very rare {Swan). 
 
 4.2. "^Mangelia tabidnta. 
 
 1^1. testa parva, solidissima, luride rufo-f'nsca, marginibus spirne ex- 
 curvatis ; vertice nndcoso chalcedonico (eroso) ; anfr. norm, v., 
 postice rectangulatim tabulatis, suturis impressis; costis radianti- 
 bus circ. xvi., validis, obtusis, circiter basim attciuiatam obsolctis ; 
 costis spiralibus in spira iii.-iv. angustis, extantibus, supra cost. 
 rad. nodosis ; interstitiis alte insculptis, subcpiadratis ; costis circa 
 basim circiter vii., quadratim extantibus, interstitiis a lineis incre- 
 menti vix decussatis ; cauali curta, aperta ; labro acutiore, ad an- 
 gidum posticum vix sinuato ; labio tenui ; columella obsolete uni- 
 plicata. Long. -4.5, long. spir. -2(1, lat. -2, div. 35*^. 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay; several virorn specimens (SiiJffw). 
 
 The distinct fold near the base of the pillar may require the 
 formation of a new genua. 
 
 242 
 
from the Vcncouver District. ■ -9 
 
 43. tDnphnella effusa. 
 
 ID. testa gracillim!'., maxime efFiisa, rufo fusca ; nnfr. ansn^iti?, olon- 
 gatis, suturis impressis ; striis spiraUl)iis crebris a lineis iiuTe- 
 menti decussatis ornata ; labro tenuiore, postice vix siuuato. 
 Long. 'G;), long. spir. •13, lat. •2_', div. 30°. 
 
 Hab. Necah Bay; one broken specimen [Swan). 
 
 44;. Odostomia satura. 
 
 O. testa magna, alba, laevi, solidiore, satis elevata; anfr. nucl. ii., 
 aiigustis, subplanorboideis, valde decliviter sitis, dextrorsuin itn- 
 mersis, sinistrorsum extantibus ; norm, v., tuniidioribns, legula- 
 riter convexis, suturis impressis ; basi rotnndata, tumente, quasi 
 umbilicata ; apertura ovata ; laljro vix sinuato ; labio tenui, ap- 
 presso ; plica columellari valida, subantica, parieti baud contigua, 
 transversa. Long. "26, long. spir. •14, lat. '13, div. 40°. 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay; rare [Swan). 
 
 Var. pupiformis : anfr. primis valde depressis, planatis ; vertice 
 maniillato ; anfr. ult. normali. Specimen unicum, quasi monstru- 
 osum. Long. 'lO, long. spir. •!, lat. •12, div. 4.")°. 
 
 445. Oduslomia (?var.) Gouldii. 
 
 O. testa solida, alba, ovoidea, marginil)as sj)irae valde excurvatis ; 
 vert. nucl. decliviter immersn ; anfr. norm, v., subplanatis, sutniis 
 valde impressis ; peripberia baud angnlata ; basi excnrvata, band 
 tumida ; apertura ovata, postice paruni constricta ; labro solido ; 
 labio cons[)icuo, rimam umbilicalem formante ; plica submediana, 
 solida, extaute, baud declivi. Long. '23, long. spir. ■13, lat. •!, 
 div. 30°. 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay; very rare (Siran). 
 
 Agrees in some respects better with the diagnosis of O. gra- 
 vida, Gould, than do Col. Jevvett's shells, from which it is pre- 
 sumed the species was described. These large forms appear 
 very vai'iable. 
 
 45. Odostomia nnciformis. 
 
 O. testa magna, compacta, Isevi, solida, alba ; anfr. nucl. ? . . . (erosis), 
 vertice subniamillato ; anfr. norm, v., snlijibuiatis, subelongatis ; 
 spira brevi, marginibus valde excnrvatis ; basi eloiigata, baud um- 
 bilicata ; apertura sul)ovali, postice angusta ; labro solido ; labio 
 tenui ; plica autica, solida, obtusa, transversa, parietem baud attin- 
 gente. Long. "3, long. spir. "14, lat. '18, div. 70°. 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay; extremely rare [Swan). 
 
 45 b. Odostomia (? var.) aveUana. 
 
 O. testa O. nvci/ormi indole simili, sed sf)ira valde prolongata. 
 Long. -32, long. spir. -U). lat. •IG, div. .50°. 
 Hab. Necah Bay ; one specimen [Siran). t 
 
 Like a gigantic form of O. cuiwidalis, 
 
 243 
 
10 Dr. P. r. Carpcnt; r on new Forms of MuUusca 
 
 47- O.iostomia tenuisailpta. 
 
 O. testa ovnidea, subelevata, albiila, tenui, diaphana ; aiifr. nucl. 
 subvcrticaliter inimers-is, angustis ; norm, iii., parmii tuinidis, su- 
 tiiris impressis, sulculis spiralibus bitioribus baud impres.'^i-^, dis- 
 tantibu*, in spira iii., circa" basim rotundatain circ. vi. subobso- 
 letis ; apertura ovata ; ])Uca acuta, decUvi, parva, paricti contigua; 
 labro acuto ; labio iinUstiucto ; cobunella autice jjuruin eft'usa. 
 Long, "l, long. spir. "0-1, lat. OG, div. (JU°. 
 
 Hub. Nceah Bay; one specimen {Swan). 
 
 48. Scalaria Indianonim, 
 
 S. testa gracili, tnrrita, alba ; anfr. circ. x., rotundatis, parum sepa- 
 ratis, liEvibus ; basi siniplici, baud unibilicata ; custis viii.-xv. 
 (pleiunique xii.), acutioribus, subn-flexis, intcrdum latis, pk-rumcjue 
 lineis irregidaribus tnargini spirse recto parallelis ascendeutibus, 
 rarius juxta suturam subnodosis ; apertura ovata. Long. 1*05, 
 long. spir. -8, lat. "3(5, div. 28^. 
 
 Hub. Necah Bay [Swan). 
 
 Strung as ornaments by the Indian children. Intermediate 
 between /S. coininunis and S. Turtunis. and scarcely differs from 
 " S. Geuryettina, Kieu.," Mus. Cu lO. 34, Brazil. 
 
 48 6. Scalaria {? Indianonnn, var.) tincta. 
 
 S. llniJianonnn costis acutis, baud reflexis ; anfractibus postice fusco- 
 purj)ureo tinctis. 
 
 Hab. Cerros Island [Ayres) ; S. Pedro {Cooper). 
 
 The Lower-Californian shell may prove distinct. It is like 
 S. regularis, Cpr., but without the spiral sculpture. 
 
 Subgenus Opalia, H. & A. Ad. (diagn. auct.). 
 
 Sralaricf varicibns obtui*is, irrcgularibus, parum definitis : sculp- 
 tura basim versus interraj)ta. 
 
 Ex. in ]Mus. Cum. : — O. crassicostafa, 0. crassilabrum, 0. dia- 
 dema, O.funiculata, O.crenata, O. granidosa, O. australis, O.bi- 
 carinala, O. attenuata, Pse., O. M' Andrew, Fbs., s]). ined. (West 
 Indies). Other West-coast species are O, crenaioides and var. 
 insculpta, O. spongiosa, and O. retiporopa. 
 
 The species of this very natural group were arranged by Messrs. 
 Adams partly under Opalia and partly under Cirsotrema. 
 
 49. Opalia borealis, Gld. 
 
 O. testa 0.fl««//"o^/simillima,valdeelongata; anfr. xii., planatis, suturig 
 parum imj)ressis ; testa jnn. costis vnl'dissimis viii. lalis, rotundatis, 
 peripheriam attin^eutibus,inteiJum uittrruptisi testa adulta seepius 
 
 244 
 
from the Vancouver District. 13 
 
 oT)So!etis, ad pcriplicriam evanidis ; circa basini totam ii«que ad 
 Deriiiheriam aiigiilatiin lamina sj)irali, planata; apertura ovali ; 
 lota supcrficie miiiutissime spiraliter striolata : operculo jiaiici- 
 spirali, nueleo ad trit-iitem longitudiiiis sito, lineis incremeuii Ta- 
 lidis. Long. TT, long. spir. 1-3, lat. \)'^, div. 20°. 
 
 ITdh. Paget Sound {U. S. Expl. Exp.)-, Neeali Bay and Ta- 
 tooche Island (Sivan). 
 
 This species was donl)tfiillv indinted, not described, by Dr. 
 Gould, in the * E. E. Moll.' p. 207. It appears to be exactly iden- 
 tical with " crassicosfafa, Australia," in Brit. Mus,, and is nearly 
 related to Oc/iofensis, Midd. It must not be confounded with 
 Acirsa borealis, Beck. One young specimen has the ten ribs of 
 O. australis, 
 
 50. Cerithiopsis munita 
 
 C. testa C. pvrpnretB siniili, sed angustiore, marginibus spirse fere 
 rectis ; costis spiralibus magis expressis, testa adulta minus nodu- 
 Josis ; basi a;(pialiter lirulata. Long. '34, long. spir. '24, lat. '11, 
 div. 20°. 
 
 Hub. Neeah Bay; common [Swan). 
 
 51. Cerithiopsis columna. 
 
 C. testa majore, valde elongata, purpureo-fusca ; anfr. norm, ix., 
 planatis, suturis distinctis ; seriebus iii. nodulorum spiralibus 
 valde appressorum, creberrimorum, interstitiis parvis, altis ; aliis 
 interdum intercalanlibus ; lira qiiarta supra suturam baud valde 
 nodulosa, liris duabus baud expressis aream snturalem cir- 
 cumeuntibus ; basi planata, baud sculpta, ad peripberiam obtuse 
 angulata ; apertura quadrata. Long. '3^, long. spir. 32, lat. "l, 
 div. 10°. 
 Hub. Neeah Bay ; several worn specimens {Swan) : Monterey; 
 
 rolled fragment of larger shell [Cooper). 
 
 Easily recognized, even in portions, by the "struag-fig" 
 
 pattern. 
 
 55. Cancellaria modesta. 
 
 C. testa elata, subrufa, tricbotropiformi, marginibus spirop rectis; 
 anfr. norm, v., rotundatis, j)ostiee subtabulatis, suturis impressis ; 
 costis spiralibus obtusis, distantibus, in spira circ. iv., circa basim 
 prolongatam circ. vii., aliis minoribus interdum interealantibus ; 
 interstitiis secundum incrcnunta, decussatis; apertura sub- 
 quadrata; columella plicis duabus declivibus anticis et costulis 
 basalibus ornata; labio nullo. Long. 08, long. spir. -34, lat. 34, 
 div. 50°. 
 
 Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen and fragment {Swan). 
 
 56. Velutina prolongata. 
 
 F. testa majore, subplanata, temiiore, caraea, sjtira minima ; anfr. iii, 
 
 245 
 
12 Dr. P. P. Carppnfcr on new Forms of MuUusca. 
 
 et diinidio, rapidissime augentibus : vertice vix couspicuo ; anfr. 
 ult. antice valde porrecto ; regione coluiiicllari iiicurvata ; labio 
 valido ; axi haud rimata ; epiderniide tenui, rugis incremeiiti or- 
 nata, spiraliter haud striata. Long. -J, long, sijir. -15. iat. '95. 
 div. 140°. or. 
 
 llab. Neeah Bay ; rare {Swaa), 
 
 246 
 
F. 
 
 DIAGNOSES 
 
 OF 
 
 NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA 
 
 FBOSC 
 
 THE YAXCOUYER DISTRICT. 
 
 BY 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 From the Proceedings of tlie Zoolo<;ical Society of London, pp. 201-204, 
 
 February 14, 1865. 
 
 ( 247) 
 
DiAGXOSES OF New Forms ov ^foTxtrscA from the Van- 
 couver District. By Philip P. Carpenter, 15. A., Ph.D. 
 
 Tebebbatula unguicula, n. s. 
 
 T. t. juniore " Terebratiilinae capiti-serpentis" simillima, sed la- 
 tiore, subtisangalata ; j)unctis vulde conspicvis ; costis con- 
 spicuis, interdum obtusioribus, aliis inteicalaiitibits ; intus, 
 amento suboctiformi, jwstice aperfo, cruris duii/ona'ibus cardini 
 affl.vis : testa adidta valra inferiore subrotundata, maryinem 
 versus haud phtnata \ umbone valde tumente, latiore ; striis 
 radiantihus, ut in " T. capite-serpentis " conspicuis ; maryiuibus 
 cminlatis, haud undatis ; intus amento majorc, bisinuato, dor- 
 saliter haud confinuo, cdcaribus duobus munitu. 
 Long. "6, lat. •.'), alt. "3 })' 11. 
 
 Hub. Sail Diego, (j fm. ; Monterey, not rare in 20 fm., (in Cali- 
 fornia State Geological Survey) Cooper. Neeali Bay (valve), Sicun. 
 Vancouver, Forbes. 
 
 The specimens sent by Dr. Cooper were all of small size, and, from 
 the intercalation of riblets near the margin, clearly immature. They 
 presented the incomplete loop of the restricted genus to which Dr. 
 Cooper affiliated them. Notwithstanding, as both Davidson and Wood- 
 ward state that the young of the British species has the loop similarly 
 open, it remamed doubtful whether this might not prove conspecific. 
 Messrs. Reeve and Hanley unhesitatingly pronounced them to be 
 " caput-serpentis, jun.," the latter gentleman stating that they pre- 
 sented the peculiar form of that species which belongs to the Medi- 
 terranean examples. Dr. Forbes, however, was fortunate enough to 
 
 249 
 
2 DR. P. P. CARPKNTER ON NEW MOLLl SCA. 
 
 oStain an aaiilt hliell, wliich parsed into the Cuiiiinjiian CdUcction 
 ll.iviiig reiiiovid the Hiiiinal matter witli great care, tlie \uo[) was 
 found to retain the tbnn seen in the young shell, oidy perhajis stil 
 more open. This is the first recent species of the genus which has 
 been discovered with a sculptured surface, aud afl'ords au iustruclive 
 leasuu uut to rely ou external characters. 
 
 Terehrafnla unguicula: 1, 2, outside views of Mr. Cuming's adult specimen, 
 natural size: 3, 4, inside views of the ujper valve, slightly niagnitieii. 
 
 The outline of the adult is much rounder, and the margin blunter, 
 than in T. caput-serpentis. Inside, the noncom])let on of the some- 
 what w-shaped loop is a very obvious character. This is large ir 
 proportion, extending to about two«-tifths of the length and one- 
 third of the greatest breadth of the shell. It is bent upwards in the 
 middle, as seen from the partly opened valves ; with a double wave at 
 the sides, as seen from the direction of the opposite valve. Two spurs 
 ascend from the crests of the side waves, as though preparing tc 
 comi)lete the loop. The similar Terehratella anyiistata from Japan, 
 when of the same size as Dr. Cooper's specimens, has the loop quite 
 continuous *. 
 
 Subgenus NETTASTOMELLAf. 
 
 Pholadidea : valvis postire in calycem testaceum planatum pro* 
 long at is ; calyce coviaceo nulla. 
 
 Nettastomell/* darwinii, Sby. (diag. auct.). 
 
 N. t. minore, elonffdta, tenitissima ; parte postiva cosfis radian* 
 
 fihus acntiorihus circ. vii. et luminis concentricis acutissiinis. 
 
 distantibus, ant ice continuis, eief/atitissime ornata; rostris plw 
 
 • Dr. Cooper having forwarded for my inspection a large aud beautifully per 
 feet specimen of the true WaliUieimia californica, I have compared it with the 
 %eries of the very variable W. glohoui in the Smithsonian Museum, undoubtedly 
 from Orauge Harbour. The Calitoruia shell, however, hus a strong browuish- 
 red tiuge, aud does not display the beautiful veiuing of the Maghellan species. 
 
 t Th. viiTTa, a duck, oriijua, mouth. The name Nefasfoma, given in tht 
 ' Brit. Assoc. Report,' ISOS, being preoccupied in another subkingdum, accuiding 
 to Dr. Cooper, it is thought necessary to .ary the termiiiatiou. 
 
 250 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW MOLLVSCA. 
 
 nntis, posfice (liceryenfihus, stri'is incrementi crebris acufis, 
 aliter lunul snifiitd ; partu uiitica t.jun. ajjeita, adultce rfuvsa ; 
 clausis teiiuiiS)iiitiis, seciuulum incrementa undulatis, super mn- 
 bones prolonyatln, intift'tlivos postice furmantibus ; epU/tnnit/e 
 /'uf/aci, tenui, ptilliile viriili. 
 Hub. Monterey, Rich.; Vancouver, Lord; S. Diego, Cooper, 
 = Phulas dfiririiiii, Sl)v. 
 s= Jouanettia dancinii, Mus. Cuming. 
 ^ Parajiholas penita, Tryon, Mon. I'hol. 
 
 This remarkable sluU iliffers from Jouanettia in having both 
 valves equal ; from Pholadidea proper in having no coriaceous 
 cup, its place being supi>lied by a flattened prolongation from 
 each valve, like a duck's bill in miniature. In Mr. Lord's specimen 
 (preserved in the British Museum), though the valves are closed, the 
 prolongations are widely divergent, as when the bird utters its cheer- 
 ful •' quai'k." The loose, thin epidermis appears to have covered the 
 bill as well as the valves. Mr. 'I'ryon had probably not seen a speci- 
 men, else he could hardly have affiliated so very different a shell to 
 Pholadidea penita. The original specimen is said to have come from 
 Chili. 
 
 Darina declivis. 
 
 D. t. tenuinsima, planata, elliptica, Machcerceformi, utroque latere 
 hiante ; cinerea, epideriiiide fortiore induta ; martjinibus reyu- 
 lariter excurvatis ; ntnbonibus haud conspicids, ad duas inter 
 quinque partes lonyititdinis postice sitis : intus cartilayine 
 spathula elonyatu, dorsum versus utraque talva decUviter sita, 
 a lif/amento lamina extatite tenuissima separata; dente car- 
 dinali lanilnato, extante, curtiore ; lateralibus vix conspicuis ; 
 sinu pallii ovali, fere ad medium por recto. 
 Long. \'~7, lat. •'6'>, alt. •;^4 poll. 
 ITab. Vancouver's Island {Forbes). 
 
 The only other species of Darina known is from the Straits of 
 Maghellan. The northern shell may have been passed over as the 
 young of Macheera putula, to which it bears a strong external re- 
 semblance. 
 
 Saxidomus brevisifiionatus. 
 
 S. t. subovali, tenuiore, subplanata, albida, epidermide pnllide 
 olivacea induta ; fata superjicie rut/is concentricis, crebris, 
 valde obtusis, et uiidis incrementi iuterdum majoribus, ornata ; 
 marginibus subaqnalitcr excurvatis, maxime ventrali : intus 
 curdine tenuiore, dente anrico elonyato ; sinu pallii parco, ad 
 trientem interstitii porrecto, latiore. 
 Long. 2().>, lat, 'J-O.i, alt. l-l.") poll. 
 Hub. ?Vancouver, ?Japan (Mus. Cuming). 
 
 A very distinct species, in shape and hinge not unlike Callista, hut 
 without lunule. It is more rounded and flatter than the three ty- 
 pical Californian .--pecies, and known at once by the very sm.iU mantle- 
 beuJ. From fotr to six blunt riblets are seen ou each of the very 
 
 2dl 
 
104 DR. P. P. CARPKNTFR ON NEW MOLIXSCA. 
 
 blunt waves of growth. The shell was sent me as from Dr. Forbcs's 
 Vancouver collections, and is so quoted in the Br. Assoc. Rep. IHlV.i, 
 p. 60" ; but Mr. Cuming subsequently stated his belief that it came 
 from Japan. It may be allowable to state that many of the species 
 included in SaxUlomus by authors are more correctly rough forms of 
 Tapes, of the decvssata-\.y\^c ; the true Saxidomi differing from that 
 genus (as Cal/ista docs from I'enus^ in having an additional pseudo- 
 lateral anterior tooth. This is very evident in the young shell, which 
 has a much rounder outline than the adult, and can scarcely be 
 distiuguished from CalUiiUf except by the absence of lunule. 
 
 252 
 
G. 
 
 DIAGNOSES 
 
 ov 
 
 New Species and a New Genus of Mollusks 
 
 FROH 
 
 THE REIGEN MAZATLAN COLLECTION; 
 
 WITH AN ACCOUNT OF ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS PRESENTED TO 
 THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 
 
 BY 
 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A.. Ph. D. 
 
 From the Proceeding? of the ZoGlogical Society of London, pp. 2CS-273, 
 
 March 14. 1805. 
 
 ( 253 ) 
 
Diagnoses of New Species and a Nrw Genus of Mon- 
 
 LUSKS FROM THE ReIGEN MaZATLAN COLLECTION : WITH 
 AN ACCOUNT OF ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS PRESENTED TO 
 
 THE British Museum. Bv Philip P. Carpenter, B.A., 
 Ph.D. 
 
 After the publication of the British Museum !Mazatlan Catalosue, 
 the backs of several fresh Sj)07i(/i/lus-\a.\\es were examined by Mr. 
 ll. D. Darbishire and myself. Among the specimens were several 
 ^hich were deemed worthy of being added to the national collection; 
 they were deposited there, with a MS. appendix to the Catalogue, 
 in IS.kS. As it is not judged necessary to print this separately, I 
 have (with the permission of Dr. Gray) transcribed what should be 
 placed on record, in hopes that it may not be judged out of ))lace 
 in the ' Proceedings.' Those who use the Mazatlan Catalogue are 
 requested to observe not only the corrections in the Appendix, 
 pp. 547-o.i2, but also those made in the Review of Professor C. B. 
 Adams's Panama Catalogue, P Z. S. 186.3, p. 339; and in the 
 British Association Reports, 1863, pp. 5-13 et seq. The numbers, 
 botii of species and of tablets, are continued from the Mazatla.i 
 Catalogue, and correspond with those in the Report. The student 
 of the Gulf fauna should also consult the account of Mr. Xaiitus's 
 
 255 
 
2^^^ T)B. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES 
 
 ("ape St. Lnras shells in the 'Annals Nat. [list.' 18G4, and in the 
 Rej)ort, pp. 6H}-tJ26*. 
 
 704. Cellepora areolata, Buskf. 
 
 Tablet 2540 contains a specimen on Omphalius llgulafua, 
 
 705. Membranipora ^flemtngii, Buskf. 
 Tablet 254 1 contains a group on O. liyulatus. 
 
 * The followinfj addifional specimene from the Eeigen Collection have been 
 presented to the British Museum . — 
 
 Tablet. 
 
 ] 2*. A group on Omphalius lignla^us. 
 
 lo*. Lcpralia (rclj?r/ssa and Mrmhrnii/'pora, sp. ind., on ditto. 
 4'2. Young opposite valve of '!Sohcur/us , perhaps eonspeeific. 
 201*. Four young valves (smallest •(>."> bj "OoA) probably of this species. 
 2(')6*. Minute transparent valve, '028 across, teeth uufonued; perhaps of 
 
 this species. 
 3.[)8*. Two specimens ; margin irregular. 
 iJ"J4*. Several specimens in Uvaiulla xiiffids; one, not having room within, has 
 
 made a case for itself outside the UvuniUa. 
 
 042*. A pair, -3 by -15 ; probably an older state of the same species, Barhatia 
 
 alternafa. 
 
 60*. A minute, transparent valve, -045 by -024, without teeth ; resembling 
 
 "? Siixicava fragiih, Nyst,'' JeilV.. in ' Ann. Nat. llist.,' Aug. b'^uH. 
 
 486*. A young shell, ■tMJ across, laid open ; crowded inside, especially near tho 
 
 umbones. with a pinkish mass of yuung ones, about 0018 i i length. 
 500. A younger pair, much more transverse, transparent, without concentric 
 ridgi's, tlie lateral teeth in one valve being simply the raising of tha 
 dorsal margins. 
 833*. Two young s[)ecimens, nestling among Nullipore on Fissurclla alba. 
 Stilt*. Two ^;peci^lens, with egg-cases arranged in i)attern like Orbitulitcs. 
 87<5*. One specimen, curiously mended alter fracture. 
 877*. One -pecimen. with columella curiously contorted. 
 1023*. One sjx'cimen. with ribs rounded and aspect of Siphonaria Iccanhnn ; 
 
 probably a distinct species. 
 1058*. One young specimen, probably conspecific, though only '07 by "047; 
 
 there is no trace of spire. 
 lO.W*. Three specimens ; broad form. 
 1408*. Fragment o( Spi/ii'/j//i's cah-if,r. with basal supports of ZTZ/J/JOJ^yx ?ser» 
 
 raf)i!i. in burrow of Lifhophiiymf plumvla. 
 170,")*. Two specimens with (he intercalary leelh. 
 1834*. One specimen with the canal bent back, as in Cassidaria, 
 2221*. One sjiecimen, mended after severe fracture. 
 2223*. One specimen ; columellar fold bilid. 
 2224*. Two specimens ; columella bent and straight. 
 2225*. One specimen ; labrum thin. 
 222G*. One Bjiecimen ; ribs el ise. 
 
 2370*. One specimen, dwarf form ; nodulous, as in N. vodulifira, Phil. 
 251(3. An opposite larger valve, sinci' found, in wiiich there is only one di.«finct 
 
 posterior tooth, and the anterior hooked tooth is separating into two. 
 [2534. One specimen of Vifrinella 1 fricivinafa. \\m., of wbicli the ribs are 
 nodulous in the young slate. If rightly determined, this adds no. 710 
 to the list of species. ] 
 2530. A nuclear shell. lUO across, of Naticoid shape, very finely striated in each 
 direction. It is probably a young llniinnii/x 
 
 t Both of these species were kindly ideutilied by Mr. G. liusk, 
 
 256 
 
OF MOLLVSKS FROM MAZATLAN. 270 
 
 Genus Cycladei i a. 
 
 Tesfa hh'dlvis, tenuis, (rqnilaferati.o, (cqi'ivcJvis, hnwl Man*, wwi- 
 bonifjus itldnatis. Ligainenfiiin teuumsim ,m, exfernum. Cardo 
 linea ciireata, dent. lat. distant iLus, ca d. trouscerais, haud 
 radiantibus. 
 
 £6. Cycladella papyracea, n.sp, 
 
 {.). t. tenuissimu, subdiftjihanrr, cpi. 'I'j-tnide fenvi indntn, pJanafa, 
 suborbiculari; conccnfnce f'ortiter Virata, Uns rotunilutis, intus 
 excavatis; iota supeijieie hneis (jranuluiiis radiantibus creber~ 
 rimis nnnutissime catlata; dent. card, i -ii. transversis, mar- 
 yini dursali subparat/elis ; dent, lat. vat dis. 
 = " Telliaa leburnea, Ilanl." (i'ragnients only), ^laz. Cat. no 06. 
 Mr. Iliinlev kindly sent for my inspection a perfect pair (as 
 *' Lepton "), which he haU found nestling ni a burrow in Spondt//us. 
 The hinge more resembles Ci/clas (Lam.) than any other known 
 genus. Its great peculiarity is, that the cardinal teeth, instead of 
 radiating from the umbo, fall in tlie curve of the hinge-line, as 
 though unitinjj the lateral teeth. Tiie shell is too thin (beiiiir dcenlv 
 uidented within by the concentric waves) to make out the pallial 
 line; but no trace of sinus is visible. It may therefore rank, provi- 
 sionally, under Kelliadcc, although in other resjiects its athnitiea 
 appear to be with (Edaliu and CoopereUa. The ligament appears 
 little more than a prolon!5ation of the ejudermis. Ueside the trans- 
 verse cardinal teeth, there is in each valve a curved line, slisihtlv 
 raised like the end of a finger-nail, which bounds what would be the 
 lunule in other shells. 
 
 Long. -1, lat. -Vl.i, alt. -01.5. 
 
 Hub. .Mazatlan ; one perfect specimen frcm Harre CoUectiou 
 (Jlilus. Hani.) ; fragments, Liverpool Collection, 
 
 7OG. ? Montacuta OBTUSA, n.sp. 
 
 fM. t. planata, valde intvquiluterali, subrhomboidea ; subdin- 
 phann sen chalcedunica, haud punctata, Uvvi ; mari/inibus ple- 
 rumqne rcyulariter e.ccurvatis, dorsali recto, umbonibus haud 
 proniincnfibus; cardine, vtraque n> vulva, dente uno cardinu/i 
 et fossa linamentuli ; dent lut. altera vulva elomjatis, reclta, 
 altera vix coiispicuis. 
 
 Differs from ? ^1/. dioncea in the elongation of the lateral teetl), 
 and in the possession of a distinct cardinal tooth in each valve. 
 
 Long. 047, lat. -Oti, alt. -01. 
 
 Hub. iMazatlai) ; two frt-sh specimens, Liverpool Collection, 
 
 Tablet 2.>oO contains the larger specimen ; the other is trans 
 parent. 
 
 6y{i. Pectun'culus, sp. ind. 
 
 Tablet 2."i;3l contains a ii<inute valvp, 033 across; outside w«.v 
 close, prominent concentric ridges, foliated by about tvveuty-fma 
 1 7 257 
 
271 DR. p. p. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES 
 
 rounded ribs, which are evanescent near tlie umbo. Inside with a 
 very few strong teeth, developed in a curved hue. 
 
 698. SCISSURELLA RIMULOIDES, H. Sp. 
 
 S. t. rapiile aiigeiite, alTndu, tenvissima ; ajiice celnto ; anfr. 
 
 iii., radiatim liratis, liris snidistnntibus, acntts, ohliquis; mn- 
 
 bilico tiKifino; lubro ili'riiri, hand Jisso, seil (/pert urn jiosficii, 
 
 tit til" \lunii\ii" /on/Kita, fnibquadidtd, e/o/ii/t/fa ; liris fruns- 
 
 versis gradus testae increscentis dejudentihus , peritremate coii' 
 
 tiniio, oiUqvo. 
 
 Only one specimen was found of this beautiful little specie', the 
 
 lirst known from America. It looks like a Felnfiita crossed by 
 
 sharp ril)S in the direction of the slanting mouth. In the first whorl 
 
 i»ie ril)s are very close. It then a-^sumes its normal sculpture, but 
 
 there is nearly a whorl before there is any tnce of incision. This 
 
 appears to have begun as a slit, which was afterwards <dosed uj). A 
 
 b.uul, marked off by ten transverse riljs showirig stages of growth, 
 
 eiuircles the shell as far as the hole, which is long i>.nd somewhat 
 
 ."Ctangnlar ; but there is no band between the hole and the outer 
 
 iip. The shell furnishes a comj)lete transition to Riinula. It ii 
 
 pieserved on tal>Iet 2.532. 
 
 Long. •02;;, long. spir. -003, lat. "03; div. 140''. 
 
 Hub. Mazatlan ; oW Spu/idi/lus cald/er ; Liverpool Collcctiou. 
 
 fi!)!). VlTRINELLA ORNATA, U. Sp. 
 
 V. f. siibdiscotdea, dinphnna, tenuissima ; anfr. iv., quormn iii. 
 prinii nucleosi, uiscidpti ; ultimo carina maxima circa periphe- 
 riam ; postice mbaiiyulata, rur/is radiantibus et striohs spi- 
 ralibus ormita; antiee carinata, carina nodosa; basi carina 
 altera et rvgis radiantibus ornuta ; umbilico anyulato, satis 
 mayno ; labro a carina indentuto. 
 
 Long. Ol.'j, lat. •O.N--U3:» ; div. (circ.) 17.^°. 
 
 Hub. Mazatlan ; one specimen off tipondylus, on tablet 2.)33; 
 Liverpool Collection. 
 
 700. VlTRINELLA TENUISCULPTA, n. Sp. 
 
 V. t. plana fa, diaphana, tenuissima ; anf. iii. et dimldio, quorum 
 
 iii. nucleosi; striis elecatis, spiralibus, qiianim una magna, 
 
 quasi carina prope suturam sculpta ; pcriphcria hiiud angv- 
 
 luta ; basi bis angulata,interdum rvgis radiantibus distantibua 
 
 ornatn ; umbilico s:'tis magno, carinata ; apertura undata, sub- 
 
 quadrata. 
 
 The sculpture is not uniform over the last whorl. The principal 
 
 diagnostic features are the biangulated base, the infra^utural keel, 
 
 Riid the roiuided periphery. 
 
 Long, -ok;, long, spir." 0, lat. •02,3--03 ; div. 180°. 
 Hub. Mazatlan ; one specimen off" Upondylus, on tablet 2534 1 
 Liverpool Collection. 
 
 258 
 
OF MOLi.rsK'? rnoM MA2.vn.;.M. ^75 
 
 701. ? VlTRINELLA, Sp. inO. 
 
 Tablet 2535 contains » fragment, "085 acros«, of what wa* jYro- 
 bably a gigantic species of this genus or of Cyclotrema^ strong-j 
 keeled. 
 
 492. DiALA PAUPERCULA, C. B. Ad. 
 
 ^=Cin(jula paupercula, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. : diagnon 
 
 mutata. 
 
 =^.Odostomia mamillata, Maz. Cat. no. 492: diagnosi aueia, 
 
 D. t. nitida, solida ; vert. nucl. anfr. iv., lirulis spira/iOits et 
 rudiaiitibvs tenuiter deciissuto ; t. adulta decollatu, ve.-tice 
 maniillato ; anfr. norm. iv. ,- perifremate continuo ; Lasi obtuse 
 angulata, lacuna lunbiiicali a labio separuto formuta. 
 
 Long. -085, long, spirae 055, lat. '05 ; div. '6A^. 
 
 The fortunate discovery of a jierfect young specimen and some 
 adult shells in the shell-washings of Professor Adams's collection 
 enables us to exjilain the louialies described in the Mazatlan Cata- 
 logue, where the solit. lead shell was referred, with doubi, to 
 Odostomia, in consequei.-j of its truncated apex. It was not pos- 
 sible to recognize in it Professor Adams's " Cingula," since that was 
 described as having the apex " subacute," and the angular base an»' 
 continuous peritreme were not mentioned. The nuclear whorls are 
 sculptured as in Alaha svpraUrata ; but the vertex, instead of being 
 persistent as in that genus, appears to be always decollated in the 
 adult. The shell has the peculiar glossy texture of Diala. 
 
 702. MaNGELIA SULCATA, n. sp. 
 
 M. t. subturrita, albida, apice obtuso ; anjr. vii., tumid ioribus ^ 
 liris vii., obtusis, rectis, vix angulatis ; sulcis spiralibis creber- 
 rimis, circa basim continuis ; lubrol . . . \_fractoj. 
 
 Long. '2, long. sp. •12, lat. "07 ; div. 35°. 
 
 Hab. Mazatlan ; one specimen off i<pond)jlus, on tablet 2538 ] 
 Liverpool Collection. 
 
 703. ?ToRiNiA, sp. in. 
 
 Tai)let 2539 contains a small shell, "035 across, consisting of 3| 
 smoo'di, flattened, sinistral whorls; with a distinct suture, but not 
 wmbilicated. In a larger specimen (unfortunately lost), under tiie 
 inicro.->cope this sinistral vertex appeared turned completely upside 
 down, with more than half a whorl of an orbicular shell, v hitCi 
 sculptured like Vitrinella, with a very strong jjcriphcrical keel, and 
 other smaller keels, decussated by radiating rugie. Tiiis UKide of 
 growth is exactly as in the young Torinia ; but the adult must have 
 been very distinct from any known species, and perhaps did not 
 belong to any described genus. 
 
 550. MuCRONALlA INVOLUTA, n. Sp. 
 
 M. t. parca, tenui, albida, irregularis tnarginibus spirce valde 
 fjccurcatis s vertice de'lir': an/, norm. vi. +. . . .saiis excur- 
 
 259 
 
273 DR. p. r. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES 
 
 vat is, suturis vdlde iinpressis ; basi prolongafa, ohtuxn ,- aper» 
 turd ni'fili, postice anyusta ; lahro acuta ; lahio tenuisiimo, 
 
 Loiij;, -lO."), long, spir 068, lat. •03:3 ; div. 20°. 
 
 ^=Leiostruca h-ectu, Maz. Cat. in loco : uou C. B. Ad. 
 
 551. Leiostraca producta, n. sp. 
 
 L. t. parva, alfnda, suh/usi/ormi, marginihus spirfs rpctis; rerfire 
 acutiore, recto; nnfr. norm, w., pla/iatis, suturis rLv cons/ji- 
 cuis ; peripheria satis rotunduta ; basi rapide anyustata, postea 
 producta ; apertura subrhomboiJea, axi antice acuta, anyulatai 
 lahro acuto ; lubio teiiui. 
 
 Long -123, long, spir "US, lat -046 ; div. 23^ 
 
 = Leiostraca I sol'taria, Ma/. Cat., in loco: now C. B. Ad. 
 
 This species is easily recogw ;cmI by its very peculiar sharply- 
 pointed beak ; iu shape like a young llostelluria, without the canal. 
 
 652. AnACHIS T.ENIATA, Phil. 
 
 Columbella fceniafa, Phil, in Zcit. j. l\]<ii. I8<^ no. 26 (non Ad. 
 & live, in Voy Samjirang) 
 
 = Anac/iis Gashoini, Cpr. in Maz. Cat p. 510. no. C52. 
 
 Variat lineis spiralihus fuscis viii., quarum iii. in spira mon^ 
 struntur ; maculis alternatis inter secundum ei tertium sitis. 
 Variat quoque maculis ecanescentibus. 
 
 Hab. Callao (teste Gankoin) ; Mazatlan (£". B. Philippi, Reiyen); 
 Cape St Lucas (A'</rt'w«) 
 
 It appears that Mr. Gaskoin was not acquainted with Phi- 
 lippi's species, which had not then reached the Cumingiaii Collec- 
 tion ; as he pronounced M. Ileigen's specimen to be new, and sug- 
 gested the specitic name m the Alazatlan Catalfgue. It would have 
 avoided a double synonymy, could the name tceniata have been re- 
 tained for the Samarang shell, and Mr. Gaskoiu's for this. The 
 Cape St. Lucas shells vary as above inlicated. 
 
 650. ?Anachis serrata, Cpr. 
 
 Maz. (^at. no. 650, p. .50;). Perfect specimens of this singular 
 species liaving been found at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xantus, the 
 diagnosis may be thus completed • — 
 
 Epiderniide fimbnafa, lirulas spirales eleganterdecussante; Inbri 
 denticulis rariantibus, interdum subobsotefis. 
 
 Long. '28 long, spir 15. lat -13 ; div. 40". 
 
 With the sculpture and general aspect of a small Cantharus, if 'las 
 the mouth of an Anachis. The operculum, and therefore the generic 
 relations, are not yet known*. 
 
 • The following additions and corrections may be uscJul to the .students of 
 the Bnlisli Museum C"atali)i,'\ie :--- 
 
 Spcrii's IHt Arvii i:iiilfiii:sfiifa further differs from A.grandii in the epi* 
 deriuiu being sofl and ver_\ liiiely iiairy. 
 
 260 
 
OF MOT.TXSKS FROM MAZATLAN. 27^ 
 
 223. The length should be M. 
 
 fiU). For " lalno nvlln " read " tenidssimo " 
 
 S'H) Tlie miplcar shell has two whorls, Ampu'laria-fhapei. 
 
 3()7. Add to diai^nosis, '• opcrci'fo conravc, linca ilivnfit suturam dcfinienfe" 
 
 S<W. Add to diagnosis, ''openulo vix concaio, sufiir/x ^/laii'.s (lijiniti»." 
 
 37'>. Add to diagnosis, "opcrcido concaio, siifun's (linfuuftx, jxr/jJicrian 
 Vfrsiis lutea clevata iiistructis." The species was found living among the smal 
 OlireUcp. 
 
 ;57ti. Add to diagnosis, " opcrculo concave, siduris vix dcfimtis." Living 
 among OUvtlhe. 
 
 501 Instead of the specimen from which the description in the text wa 
 
 written, tablet 100(5 contains a much finer shell, since found, which al'owsof th 
 
 following additions to the diagnosis: — " rerf nucl.parvo, satis cxfnnfe. dech 
 
 i vifer sifo ; avjr norm, v ; infersififiis cnrinarnm irunsversim rugulusis ; labr- 
 
 tolidiore. Long. (IS7, long, spir O^u, lat. -Oo^." 
 
 510. A very beautiful shell, found in the refuse of Professor Adams's Panam 
 collection, is probably of this species, though the sutural cancellations are close 
 It has one more whorl • vertex Cheuiiutzoid, of three Helicoid whorls, scarcely 
 projecting ; apex hidden 
 
 050. From perfect Cape St. Lucas specimens, add the following to diagnosis 
 — " epiihrmide fimbriafa, liridas ap/raics ehganfer dccussante." 
 
 Page 312. Add to the diagnoses of opereula of Vcriiiefida- — 
 
 "{h.) Operculum, corneum, infus convcxum, nifidtan, ttmhoiie magno exta-nte 
 mcfns concavum, paucis^ irak, lamina extanfe sitfuras dcfinitnfc Diam. •045." 
 Tablet 2.")37 contains the only specimen found, rcsemblin;j Siphonium, froa 
 the »S/io'rtrfy/«s-wasliings. 
 
 Tablet 447 is Liocardium apicinvm, which sliould stand as species 709. 
 
 Pai:e 314. note * {ef fcq.), for " Injlafulum" read " Miuccrat," 
 
 td^ti oD'.l, line lS>,/or "regular"' read '"irregular." 
 
 261 
 
H. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS 
 
 OP 
 
 New Species and Varieties of Chitonid.e and Acm-Eid.^, 
 
 FBOJI 
 
 The Panama Cullectidx of the late Prof. C. B. Adams. 
 
 BY 
 
 rnrLip p. carpenter, b.a., Fh. d. 
 
 From the Proceedings of tlie Zix'.lou'iral Society of London, pp. '27i-277, 
 
 March 14, 18(35. 
 
 ( 2(]3 ) 
 
Descriptions nr vew jspeciks and Varieties op Chitonid^b 
 
 AND ACM.EID.E, FROM TUE pANAMA COLLECTION OF THE 
 
 LATE Prof. C. B. Adams. By Philip P. Carpenter, B.A., 
 Ph.D. 
 
 Lepidopleurijs adamsii. 
 
 L. t. " L. dispari" simili ; pallide rufo-fusca, colore infensinre 
 irregulariter strigata sen macnJatu ; scepius maculis alhidis 
 reyione diagonali ornata ; jtigo vix acuto ; arris centralibus 
 et valvis terminaliljus conxpicne granulosis ; areis laterrr/ifjiis 
 irregulariter verrucosis, verrucis plerumque lohatis ; mucrone 
 antico, vix conspicuo : infus, valvis centralibus uni-, termina- 
 libus viii.— x.-^«5/.<f ; subgrundis parvis, dentibus acvtis ; sutu- 
 ris mediants pnsfice rectis, nntire laminas haud attingenliius, 
 sinu planato, latissimo : limbo pallii imbricatim squamosa. 
 
 Long. -6, lat. -3 poll. ; div. 110°. 
 
 Variat verrucis tninus expressis, simplicioribus. 
 
 = Chiton dispar, C. B. Ad. no. .'^"3, par. 
 
 = Lop/igrus adamsii, P. Z. S., 18(i3, p. 24. 
 
 Unfortunately for those who do not like to remove the non-tes- 
 taceous portion from their Chitons, as they do from their other shells, 
 the mantle-margin by no means affords a safe clue to the structure 
 of the valves. Among the species of the genus Ischnochilun, Gray, 
 
 265 
 
275 DR. p. p. CAnPKNTER ON NEW SPECIKS 
 
 { — J.ppidojtlt'iiiun, Add.,) known by the sharp intisor-tccth Iviiig 
 within a jimji ctins; hp, tlure are three typrs of niiinth-inarj;in, 
 which may lie conveniently separated as suhj;enera, to aid in the 
 diltieult ta>k of de>erihin;r and iiientilyinj; species. Tlie typical 
 forms, forwliich tlie wnmv I«vlinovhit on shoidd he retained, have the 
 scales somewhat chaffy, and \ery finely striated. /. iiuir/ilalensia 
 and I.sdtiijdiiicus well represent the group. But another series have 
 the mantle-scales imbricate and strong, as in Chiton, Gray, { = Lo- 
 j)hijrt(!>. Add.,) from which tiiey cannot be distinguished without 
 ilissection. For this Messrs. Adams's name Li'jii(/ojj/ti>rus may be 
 retained in a restricted sense. It is uncertain what ISisso's oriyrinal 
 genus was meant to include : his diagnosis apjilies to all Chitons 
 with distinct side-areas and scaly margins. 
 
 A third group, separated by Dr. Uiay in his 'Guide,' p. 1S2, aa 
 having the " mantle-scales minute, granular," has been named Tra- 
 chiidernion : it abounds in the Californian region. 
 
 The sfiecimens of L. ailamsii were found among the duplicates 
 named ( hiton dispar by the I'rofessor ; one was attached to Dincina 
 citminyii, 
 
 Lepidoplevrus tenuisculptus. 
 
 L. t. " L. .idamsii " siini/i ; oUcacea, colore pallitio seu intensior? 
 
 minute variefjata ; tota siiperfiric mirnite granulosa ; arna 
 
 later(ilibi(s ci.c dejinitis ; siituris jtlerinnqiie iilhidu nidculafis; 
 
 mucrfiie antico, satis cotisjiicuo, parte puslica cuncaca : intus, 
 
 %d in " L. in]nmsl\" foniKita. 
 Vaiiat : '. palliilore, ad juyuni rvfo-tincta. 
 = Chitoii ilispar, C. B. Ad. no. 373, pars. 
 
 The outside of this shell so much resembles the young of Chifor, 
 (Lop/ii/rus) sto/iesii, that specimc.io may hav-. been distributed undti 
 that name. Very few individuals were foui.d. 
 
 IscHNOCHiTON ELENENSis (diagn. aucc). 
 
 £xtus areis centralihus cinthris parallel is circ. xx. decvssatis , 
 ar. lat. costis ii., validmrihits, tiimidis, tuherridosis : intus 
 mar^iniljus suturalihus ponlicis rejiexis, tuberculatis, sinu ad 
 juyvm parvo ; luminis inserlionis unijissis, ad laminas sutu- 
 rales an/ires Jnnctis, sinu latissinto. Vulva antica ewtus costis 
 xii., kaud rulidis ; inius Jissuris x., deutiius acufis, subyrvnda 
 parvu. T'ali'a postica mucrone subpostico, depresso ; parte 
 2)ostitd ejpansa, concava, costis circ. xi. subobsoletis ; intus 
 lamina insertiouis circ. \\.-Jissa, dentibus curtis, subyrunda 
 parva, intus callosa. 
 
 The central valves in this species are normal ; but the posterior 
 valve offers a transition towards Callochiton, the outside being con- 
 cave posteriorly, the insertion-teeth short and the eaves callous. 
 
 ISCHNOCHITON (? Vaf.) EXPRESSUS. 
 
 I. t. "I. elenensi" simili, sed carnea ; areis centr. cJuthris x., 
 
 266 
 
AND VARIETIKS OF CHlTOMD« AND ACM.EID.*:. 276 
 
 d'txtnritlhiix, rrehrc fJfirvsxntin, jugo acuto ; tir. lot. conff^ V\., 
 V(i/if/ixi(i>i)is, oinjustin, tufierciilia aiif/uxtia : intiis tnarjjiiiifjva 
 suturalifjiig jt'is/irls pfatinti.t, hand tnfjcrcufo/iis, hand i<iniiofi.s; 
 lam. insert, vt iinien, nitiit nngusto, atl juyum aiiyiilato. Valra 
 antica cosfis x., riiH<lis, U'lf/iinHs : intus ut otitea, sfd fissvrig 
 viii. J (ilea jioslica Mitcruuc puslico, jilininfo; jiarff jumticu 
 e.rj)aiisa, huud roncaca, rostis circ. vii. valiJissimis : intus 
 hiiiiina circ. \\\.-p\'<,s<t, subjirmnln ptunatn. 
 With a strung •ii-iu ral reseiiil)lancc to I, efcnensis, the differences 
 in detail in the only two specimens examined, as above stated, ap- 
 pear ot" specific iinporlance. If only varietal, it is ecpially im[»ortant 
 to notice how nincli ciiaiiije is tolerated by the liabits of the animal. 
 It may be the shell called Chiton cluthratus by Prof. Adams, of wliich 
 there were no duplicates to compare. It otters a still more marked 
 transition to Callochiton, the margin of the posterior valve being 
 somewhat pectinated by the great projection of the ribs. 
 
 "Callochiton" pilchellus: diagn. auct. 
 
 Extus areis centr. linris interdnm parullelis, infordinn rttdinn' 
 
 tihus, ruynse ^crohiridatis ; ar. hit. cosiis ii., vuliiliiisimis, im- 
 
 bricato-u(n/o«is : ra/ca antica costis siniiliius circ. ix. ; r. 
 
 post, area ccntrali lata ; mucrone suhposfico, phtnato ; parte 
 
 postica costis \u. siniililjus, niediunis curtissiitiis, eucuriatis : 
 
 palfio sqiianndis mimitis imbricatis. Intus v. ant. subyrunda 
 
 (lit in Ischiiochitonej nnniila, scd a costis pvctinritu ; dentibus 
 
 acutis, intus linen undulata secundum castas instructa, extus 
 
 concavis, parte convexa costnrum incisis : v. medianis similiter 
 
 pectinatis, lannnis secundum castas diar/. uniscissis : laminis 
 
 sufurahbus medio continuis, lute sinnatis; suturis posticis a 
 
 sculptura externa yranulatis : v. post. \\\.-Iobata, maryinibus 
 
 pfanatis, laminis dense compressis incrassatis ; dentibus obtu- 
 
 sissimis, appressis, ham/ cctantibus, subobsoletis, extrorsum 
 
 planutis, ut in i\ ant. Jissis ; interdum Jissuris quoque in par- 
 
 tibus concaris. 
 
 As I have seen no published diagnosis of the very peculiar type of 
 
 insertion-plates ol)served in this species, which has hitherto been too 
 
 rare to allow working naturalists an opportunity of dissection, I have 
 
 given a minute description. The plates of insertion, as well as the 
 
 exterior eaves, are scalloped by the strong ribs, and alternate with 
 
 them. In the posterior valve the eaves are flattened outwards, in 
 
 closely appressed layers, the blunt, ill-developed insertion-teeth 
 
 lying flat upon them. The valves easily separate from the mantle, 
 
 when immersed in water. Outside, the species is easily recognized 
 
 by the two strong ribs of the diagonal areas, the central pitted in 
 
 somewhat branching rows, and the ribs on the curiously flattened 
 
 posterior valve resembling a clenched fist. 
 
 ACM.BA (? FLOCCATA, var.) FILOSA. 
 
 A. t. "A. mesoleucae "/wwia et indole simili ; sed sculptura midto 
 
 267 
 
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON CHITONTD.E AND ACMjEIO.E. 
 
 tenuiore ; t. jnn. Ifcri ; dein lirulis deUcatitlis, aciitis, hand 
 grnnulosts, valde distantihus, interdum obsolctis, fdosa ; tnter- 
 stitiis I at is, [<tvibns ; teniii, plnnatu, ovali,subdi( phana ; mtjro- 
 f II SCO, cornet radiatim sfrii/afn, sen vurie macidata : intus 
 Vu'ida sen alLida, coloribus externis transcnntihus ; limbo Into, 
 acuto. 
 Long. •/, lat. '.56, alt. '12. 
 
 = Loftia 1 patina, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 367. 
 JIab. Panama (C. B. Adams). 
 
 There is no described west-tropical species to which these shells 
 can be affiliated, unless thev prove to be a vcrv doUcate variety of 
 A. floccata, live. Unfortunately the Panama limpets have never 
 been collected in sufficient numbers to make out their specific limits 
 satisfactorily. The names here given may stand as species or va- 
 rieties, according to future elucidation. In shape and texture, but 
 not in colour or sculpture, these shells resemble A. fascicular is ; in 
 the latter respects, ./. strigatclla. They were named " tenera. Ad." 
 by Dr. Dolirn, but are sufficiently distinct from that West-Indian 
 species. 
 
 ACM.EA (? FLOCCATA, var.) SUBROTUNDATA. 
 
 A. t. "A. var. filosse" simili, sed suhrotundata, magis elerata, 
 vertice subcentrali ; colore intonsiore, lineis cornels crebrioribus, 
 anrpisfis ; t. jun. stepe pallidiore, radiis diiobhs postice triuU' 
 gnlata : intus callo livido, tenuiore. 
 
 Long. '03, lat. '45, alt. "I.t. 
 
 = Lottia, sp. ind. a, C. B. Ad. Pan. SheIU.no. 3bS. 
 
 Uab. Panama (O. B. Adamnj. 
 
 ACM.EA (? var.) VERNICOSA. 
 
 A. t. parva, subrotvndafa, depresso-conica, apice ad diias quintas 
 partes siio ; albido-viridi, strigis panels rufo-fuseis hie et illic 
 ornata, srepius radiis duobns candidis, postice triangnlata ; 
 extus lineis acntis rudianfibns, valde distantibns, scepe obsoletis 
 vix sculpta : intus licida, callosa, stepius spathula Candida or- 
 nata ; busi snbplanata, Umbo anguslo. 
 Long. -3, lat. '24, alt. -1. 
 Ilab. Panama {Jewett, C. B. Adams). 
 = Lf*tia, sp. ind. b, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 3G9. 
 Had this form been brought from the China Seas, it might have 
 been taken for tlie vouna; of A. biradiata, Rve. Prom it? solidity, 
 however, its rough exterior, and its callous interior, it appears to 
 be adult. It is barely possible that it may develope into A. vesper- 
 tina. It differs from the young of A. subrotundata in being much 
 thicker and less spotted with the green tiut. 
 
 268 
 
I. 
 
 DIAGNOSES 
 
 OF 
 
 NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSKS, 
 
 FROM 
 
 THE WEST TROnCAL REGION OF NORTH AMERICA, 
 
 PRINCIPALLY COLLECTED BY THE REV, J. ROW ELL, OF SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 BY 
 
 rillLIP p. CARPENTER, B. A., Vn. D. 
 
 From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Loiulon, pj). 273-282, 
 
 March 14, 1865. 
 
 ( 269 ) 
 
DlACNOSKS OF NKW SpECIFS OF MoLLT'SKS, FROM THE WfSI 
 
 Tropical Rkc;ion of Nokth Amkkica, i'kincii'ai.ly col 
 lf.c:ted by the Rev. J. Kowei.l, of San Fkancisco. Bt 
 Philip P. Carpenter, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 Of tlie new species quoted in the " Supplementary Reporc on thf 
 Present State of our Knowledge of the Mollusea of the We^t Coa.-« 
 of North America," puhlished in the Transactions of the British As 
 so;'iation, 1S63, pp. olz-nsfi, the principal portion (namely, thos« 
 dredijed by Dr. J. 6. Cooper, Zoologist to the CaHfornian State 
 Geological Surrey) are descrilied in tlie ' Proceedings of the California 
 Aead. Nat. Science?,' for lSG4-(i."); those dredged in Pnget Sound, 
 during the U. S. North Pacific Boundary Survey, by the late Dr. 
 Kennerley, are described in the 'Journal of the lMiilad(l|>liia Acad. 
 Nat. Sc' for the t)resent year. The species obtained i)y the natu- 
 ralists of the British Survey are described in three jiapers by Dr. 
 Baird and myself, P. Z. S. lS(i,3-()r). The new species sent by 
 Mr. J. Xantus from Cape St. Lucas, and by Mr. J. G. Swan from 
 Neeah Bay, appear in the 'Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,' 1804-65. In 
 the same Journal are described the new species which I found in 
 Col. Jewett's collection. Those sent to Dr. Gould from the same col- 
 lection had been previously analyzed in the ' Proc. Zool. Soc' 18r)6. 
 Tlie above are the princijial sources of fresh knowledge; but a nund)er 
 of species from the C'alifornian province, which do not range undc;* 
 any of these heads, will be found in the 'Journal de Conchy liologie' 
 for the current year. 
 
 In separate papers communicated to the Zoological Society are the 
 diagnoses of additional species from Prof. Adams's Panama and from 
 M. Reigen's Mazatlan collections. The remaining species, from the 
 tropical province, are embodied in the present pajjcr. The types 
 (unless otherwise stated) are iu the Museum of the Sniilhsoniau 
 Institution. 
 
 (Tellina) Angulus decumbens. 
 
 A. t. teniii, s}if)pln)uita, uiha seu rosacea; JfPvi, striolis inere- 
 meiifi niS'-tilptd ; epiilermide jxiUide sfrawl/iea uu/iita ; aiitice 
 et reittraliter rahle producta ; postice truncata, anyulata ; 
 vndjonifnis aculiitriljus, vix promiiientilus ; Diarginiiiis dorsn- 
 lif/Hs postico recto, antico nd unguium parinn excurvato, antico 
 et ventrali valde et reyulariter excurvatis ; parte postica v. 
 dexfr. subito angulatu, r. sinistr. parum sinuata ; nyitiphis an- 
 (fvsfis, elotiyuLis, cartilayine omnino externa : dent. card, m* 
 nimis ; dent. lot. v. dextr. antico satis conspicuo, postico oLso- 
 leto; V. sinistr. nullis ; cicatr. adduct. j^osticis su/jr/ioinboideis, 
 auticis valde elongatis, anyustis ; sinu pallii maximo, sul/tri- 
 anyulari, usque ad ctcatricem alteram utraque valva porrecta. 
 
 Long, r", lat. 1-2, alt. 68 poll. 
 
 Jlah. Panama (teste Howell, Pease). 
 
 This shell was atliliated bv Mr. Ilanley to the W. African T. 
 
 ' 271 
 
~T9 DR. p. p. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES 
 
 ni/mpkoUx, l)nt tliffers in the internal scars. Externally it resem- 
 T. domheiji. Lam. (= Scrobiculaiia prodiicta, C\\t. 1*. Z. S. 18.^."), 
 jt. -30), l)iit is easily recognized by the strictly Tellinoid li<;aineMt 
 and anterior lateral tooth, by the posterior portion being pinelied 
 instead of waved, and by the jnnction of the pallial sinus with the 
 opposite scar. By the same characters it is distinguished from T, 
 tersa, Gld., which closely resemljles i?. doinheiji, var., in Mas. Cnm. 
 Like many other Tellens, it has a white and a j)ink variety. The 
 name was printed by an oversight in Brit. Assoc. Uep. ISti.l, p. G(i9, 
 as A. amplfctans ; but as it was unaccompanied by a diagnosis, and 
 does not describe the shell, no confusion will arise from reverting 
 to the name first given. 
 
 LUCINA UNDATA. 
 
 L. t. coni'fiia, tenuiore, alhnla; tota superjicie lirulis concentrieis 
 crfierriijiis, compressis, hand wjutis oriuita, iiiter.stitns mini- 
 mis ; pdrte ventrnJi costis rudiuntibus iii,, obtusis, talis, vnli- 
 dissimis, interstitiis parvis ; lunula maxima, a sulco bene deji- 
 nita, sub umbnnibus incurvatis fossa alia minuta indentntu ; 
 parte pustica alata ; maryiae a costis vulde ttiidato, minute 
 cremdato ; liyamento quasi interno : intus dent. card, parcis, 
 a fossa lunulari intortis ; lat. curtis, obtusis; cicatr. adduct. 
 antica irreyulari, postica suboculi ; tinea palliari props mur- 
 ginem sita, undata. 
 Long. -4."), lat. -4-4, alt. '3. 
 Hab. Gulf of California (teste Eowell). 
 
 The outline somewhat resembles Cnjpfodon ; but the af?pcct 
 is more that of J^erticordia, while the minute sut)uml)onal pit 
 is suggestive of Opis. The shell is sexpartite ; the portion between 
 the anterior rib and the lunule resembles a fourth rib, wliile the 
 projecting huude and the [)osterior wing are quite distinct from the 
 body of the shell. The specimen sent by Mr. llowell to the Smith- 
 sonian Institution was completely smashed. The diagnosis is written 
 from a perfect shell sent by Dr. Newcornb to Mr. Cumhig. 
 
 Calliostoma (?lima, var.) ^auiscuLPXA. 
 
 C. t. "C. limse" simi/i ; sed anfr. planatis, suturis havd dis- 
 tiuctis ; sculptura regulari ; jun. moui/ibus spiralibus inter se 
 (cqualibus ; t. adulta mujore et tninore alternantibus ; colore 
 rufesceutp, granutis interdum j-ufo-fusco tnaculatis. 
 Hub. Acapnlco {Newberry). 
 
 Dr. Newberry's specimens agree in n: :st essential respects with 
 " Trochus lima, Phil.," in C. V. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 276, which 
 apjiears identical with the shells marked '" Zizipliinus antonii, Koch, 
 N. Zealand," in Mus. Cuming. The Acapulcau shells are cpsite 
 flat, while those from Panama are for the most part shouldered as 
 in C. eximium, Kve. (= C. versicolor, Mke. Maz. Cat. no. 28!J). 
 However, there is no little variation among the Professor's s])eei- 
 mens of C. lima, and some are so slightly shouldered that the Aca- 
 pulcau form may be a local variety. 
 
 272 
 
OF MOLLUSKS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. 280 
 
 Narica INSCXJLPTA. 
 
 K. t. " N. apert£E" simili, aed magis compacta ; paullum angtis- 
 tiore, umbUico tamen majore ; lineis spiralibus circ. w\\. dia- 
 tantibus insciilptis cincta, quaruin x. in unfr. penult, nionalraii' 
 tur ; postice lineis incrementi vix conspicuis. 
 Lonj^. -3, long, spir, -OH, lat. -28; div. 100°. 
 Hab. Acnpulco, oii Ostrea irideseens, Rowell. 
 The Cape St. Lucas species (tvV/e Ann. Nat. Hist. 1864, xiii. p. 476) 
 has the sculpture in irregularly raised lir^lse, while this has minute 
 grooves chiselled out of a smooth surface. It appears that the San 
 Franciscans import the huge tropical oysters in large quantities, 
 their own sj)ecies having the coppery flavour which Americans dis- 
 like in the British species. From the outside of tlie valves, ^Ir. 
 Kowell obtained this and many other interesting species. 
 
 Drillia EBURNEA. 
 
 D. t. tvrrita, carneo-albida, temdore, Itevi, inaximenitente; mar- 
 ginibus spirce rectis ; anfr. niicl.1 . . . [decol/atis] ; norm, 
 circ. ix., postice planatis, supra suturaa appressis, medio satis 
 excurvatis ; hie et illic ruyis radiantibus, vbsoletis, irreyula- 
 rihns exaculpta ; basi prolongata, canali conspicuo, aperto ; 
 ainu postico minore, in aulco lata, hand definito, spirant aac^n- 
 dente aito ; la bro acuta ; labia indistinct o ; culumelta planata. 
 
 Long. r3, long. spir. '8, lat. •4.5; div. 30°. 
 
 Hab. Near Gulf of California (teste Rowell). 
 
 Easily recognized by its smooth glossy as{)ect and French-white 
 colour ; the notch lying along a broad s|)iral channel, which throws 
 the junction of the whorl as it were up the suture. 
 
 Mangelia albolaqueata. 
 
 ]M. t. solida, turrita, alba, rudi, marginibits spirce rectis ; anfr. 
 7iucl.? . . . [decollatis^ ; norm. circ. ix. subrotundatis, costis 
 circ. xi.-xv., declivibus, satis angustis, postice obsoletis, lineis 
 subregularibus spiram ascendentibus ; lirulis spiralibus anticis 
 crebris, postice obsoletis ; basi elongata ; labrol . . . ; labio 
 ".altoso ; sinu postico majore, suturam attingente. 
 Long. -88, long. spir. -hh, lat. -34; div. 30°. 
 Hab. Panama (teste Rowell). 
 
 Described from an imperfect and worn specimen, but easily recog- 
 nized by its ivory-white colour, and ribs in slantmg rows, as though 
 the creature were roofed with white tiles. It was erroneously quoted 
 in the Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1863, p. 66!), as a Brillia. 
 
 EULIMA FALCATA. 
 
 E. t. valde tereti, valde cvrvata, alba, politissima, soHdiore, 
 tnarginibus spirts meniscoideis ; anfr. nvcl.1 . . . [detrilis^ ; 
 norm. circ. x., planatis, lenfe avgentibvs ; axi hamatu , snturia 
 indistinctis; basi elongata, hand terrti ; aperfvrn jigrijiirmt, 
 antice latiore ; labroacuto; labio tenui, apjiresso. 
 
 18 273 
 
281 DR. V. V. CARPKNTF.R ON NFW SPECIES 
 
 Long. -31, long. spir. -21, lat. -09; div. 12°. 
 Ilafj. Acapiilco, on Osfrea iridescens, Rowell. 
 The spire outlines are scythe-shaped. It is much larger and men 
 solid than L. distort a and (?var.) yod. 
 
 Cerithiopsis intercalaris. 
 
 C. t. valde elonyata, rvfo-fusca, margtnihus ipirec recfis, stitvru 
 impressis ; anfr. nitcl. iii. 4- ? . . . {deco/fati-^), radiutim dis' 
 tanter liratis ; norm, x., pfanatis ; costis radiantihus primutr 
 xii., dein eirc. x\ii., anf/ustis, hand extnntihvft, ad peripheriair 
 continuis, inferstifiis qiiadratis ; carinis spiralihus primum ii. 
 nodufosis, dein alferisn. minorihus inter eas interc(dantibua ; 
 carina postica suturali hand nodidosa, seciinda rci/de nodidosn, 
 tertia interculnnte cequante sed hand nodosa, (piarta antica 
 valde nodosa, qitinta circa peripheriain, prim(P et tertice simili, 
 hand nodosa, alferaque contiyna, minima, inter quas sutura 
 gijrat ; hasi concava, Icevi ; columella valde contorta ; canali 
 hrevi, aperto ; ludrol ... * 
 Mab. Guacomayo. 
 
 This heautiful species comes nearest to C. bimnrr/inata, C. B. Ad., 
 of which, indeed, the type does not agree with the diagnosis so well 
 as does this specimen. It differs in having other spiral ribs inter- 
 calating between the two princi[)al ones, and in the radiating sculp- 
 ture being continued to the periphery. One specimen only wai 
 found in the shell-washings, not perfect at the mouth. 
 
 COLUMBELLA HUMEROSA. 
 
 (/. t. parva, turrita, alba, linea sen macnlorum serie fitsca inter- 
 dum spiram ascendente ; marginibus spirce parum excurvatis ; 
 anfr. nucl.1 . . . [detritis^ ; norm, vi., convexis, poslice tumen- 
 tibus, snturis valde impressis ; costis radiantibus \'\\.-\\\\., dis- 
 fantibus, validissimis, rotundatis ; inferstifiis late nndatis ; 
 lirulis validis siriralibus exfantibus. inferstifiis eas (Equnntibus, 
 coistat et harum interstitin transeuntibiis ; bast angusta ; labro 
 rix raricoso, postice etnarginato, intiis solidiore, dentibus circ. 
 iv. munitis ; apertura late undata, compacta. 
 
 Long. -26, long. spir. '15, lat. -13 ; div. 38°. 
 
 Hab. Aeapulco, on Ostrea iridescens, Rowell. 
 
 The sculpture resembles that of Rhicocheilus, and the tall spire that 
 of Anachis ; yet it appears to belong to the restricted typical genus. 
 
 MURICIDEA DUBIA, Vaf. SQUAMULATA. 
 
 Variat t. omnino albida ; scitfj)fvra tenviore ; spira elecata ; tola 
 
 snperjicie minute squamnlafa, squamidis imbricatis. 
 Sab. Cape St. Lucas {Xantvs). 
 The opercula in the beautiful specimens sent by Mr. Pease are 
 
 * I forgot to measure the specimen before returning it to the Smithsonian 
 Inst. ; but it is about the size of C. assimilata. 
 
 274 
 
or MOLLrSKS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. 282 
 
 typically Muricoid, The essential features are those of M. dubin ; 
 the pale colour and delicate sculpture and imbrication may a'ise < 
 from a deep-water station, as is seen in similar European shells. 
 Mr. Cuming, however, regards it as distinct. 
 
K. 
 
 JDIAGNOSES 
 
 or 
 
 NEW FOiniS OF MOLLUSCA, 
 
 FROM 
 
 THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 
 
 FIRST COLLECTED BY COL. E. JEWETT. 
 
 BY 
 
 THILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., Ph.D. 
 
 From the Annnis and ^facrazine of Natural History. Third Series Vol. 
 XV., pp. l-7-lS'2 (No>^. 37.3-:«t;), March, 1865. Ibid., pp. 394-399 
 {Mangelia varieyatn to end), May, 1865. 
 
 ( 277 ) 
 
DIAGNOSES 
 KEW rOPtMS Of MOLLUSCA 
 
 FRDM 
 
 THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMEltlCA, 
 FIRST COLLECTED BY Cou E. JEWETT. 
 
 BY 
 
 PHILIP p. CARPENTER, B.A., Pii.D. 
 
 An account of Col. Jewett's shells will be found in the British 
 Association Reports for 1856 (pp. 2:-26-231) and 18G3 (pp. 53t- 
 539). The exact localities are often uncertain; but many of 
 them have been fixed by subsequent explorers. Being generally 
 worn beach-specimens, the diagnoses have been written (vvhere- 
 ever practicable) from perfect sliells, and especially from the 
 beautiful series dredged by Dr. J. G. Coo])er, in the Californian 
 State Survey. The types belong to Mrs. Boyce, of Utica,N. Y., 
 and are at present in my keeping. The numbers, in the species 
 from the temperate fauna, refer to the table in the British Asso- 
 ciation Report for 18G3, j)p. 636-664. 
 
 37 b. Sulen (? sicarius, var.) rosaceus. 
 
 S. testa 5. sicario sirnili, sed niiuore ; multo angustiore, eloiigata, 
 recta, extus et iiitus rosacea ; epidermide teiiui, valde niteiue. 
 Long. '27, lat. •.), alt. -32 poll. 
 
 Hub. Sta. Barbara [Jeioetf) ; S. Pedro [Cuoper). 
 
 74. Subgenus Amiantis*. 
 Callista : dente postico utraque valva ruguloso. 
 Type : Amiantis callosa, = Cijtherea calhsa, Conr., = Dosrnia 
 
 * Til. ufiiainos, 6 Kai tj, unpolluted. 
 
 279 
 
2 Dr. P. P. Carppntpr on new Forms of Molhiaca 
 
 cnllnsn, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1857 (from fragments) : non Venus cnl- 
 losa (as of Conr.), Sow., live., Desh. 
 
 Hab, Sta. Barbara [Xuttull, Jeivett) ; S. Pedro (Cooper) ; Cape 
 St. Lucas {Xtintus!). 
 
 This section ditftrs from the typical CnUist(e as docs Merce- 
 naria from ['pniia. Whether the other pecidiarities of th»> spe- 
 cies (redfscrilx'd by llei've as CiUherea tiohi/is) are co{M(hiiate, 
 cannot yet be stated, as it stands alone. In sculpture and colour 
 it resembles Dusiiiui ; in its ponderous growth, Pnchijdesina. 
 
 1 10. Lnzaria suhqiiadrafa. 
 
 L. testa exfn« Carditte varieyrita \\\n. sirnili ; pallicl ', ra'stanon tinrta; 
 sub(piadrata, antice tiuiicata, subregiilariter veiitricosa, dorsaliter 
 tumula ; cojtis ra(Iiaiitil)U'i circ. xiv.-x\i., tumidis, nodo"-!.*, dia- 
 goiialibus inajoiibus ; iiitL'r>titiis j)his nunusve iiisculptis : iiitu*, 
 valva dextra dente cardinali triaiigulari, inter duas foj^sas sito, hand 
 eloiigato ; dent. lat. acardiiie separatis, ant. extante, post, oljsoleto, 
 calloso : v. sinistrali dent. card. ii. angustis, subicfpialibus, radi- 
 antibus ; lat. ant. et post, extaiitibus : cicatr. adduct. subrotuu- 
 datis. Long. ".S", lat. •'2.'), alt. '34. 
 
 Hul). Sta. Barbara (Jcircft) ; Monterey, and along the coast to 
 S. Pedro (State Coll. no. -103} [Cuojjer).' 
 
 The outside of this remarkable little species is typically Car- 
 ditoid; the hinge is intermediate betweeu Lazaria and Cijpri- 
 cardia. 
 
 1 3.2 . Modiola forracata. 
 
 M. testa curta, laevi, latiore, maxime fornicata; pallide cnrnoa, en?- 
 dermide rufo-fusca, rusis increnienti et iiicru-tatione deiisissime 
 pilosa induta; umbonibus niaxitnis, spiralibus, antice torsis, per 
 tres quadraiites totte latitudiiiis dcvectis ; area ligaineiitali curtis- 
 sinia, arcuata; margine dorsali antice nullo, pnstice longo, arciiatn; 
 margine ventrali recto, vix propter bys>utn hiante ; politico Into, 
 antico ansu-ito ; altitudine dorsaliter valde eltvata, vcntraliter 
 plane deeli\ i, cunciforini ; utnbonibus trans margiiieiii anticuin per 
 eextantein totius longitudiiiis excurrentibus : inlus, sub umbonilius 
 excavata ; cicatr. adduct. ant. ventraliter sita. Long. \'A, lat. •7t), 
 alt. -95. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara [Jewett) ; Monterey ( Taylor). 
 
 100. Pecten (?var.) (Pquisulcatus. 
 
 i*. testa P. rentricoso siinili, sed tenuiore, minus ventricosa ; costig 
 pmribus nngustioribus xx.-xxi. ; interstitiis (pra^cipue valva su- 
 periore) fere eequalibus ; auriculis niagis pro(luctis, acutis; sinv 
 serrate: testa juiL iuterstiliis alte iusculptis, lixuiinis cciiceutrkii 
 
 280 
 
from the IVest Coast of Xort/i Ainrrica. 3 
 
 crcT)ris, vix extantibus, iiiterstitia, costas auriculasque transcunti- 
 bus. L.<ng. 3"2, lat. 33.i, alt. 1*5. 
 
 Hah. Sta. Barbara {Jewett); S. Diego [Cassidy, Newberrij, 
 Cuii/jer). 
 
 IiitL'nnetliate between the tropical P. veniricosus and the 
 Atlantic P. irradions. 
 
 IGl. I'-ecten favricostatus. 
 
 P. tcs^a Hnbconvpxr , vix pcquilni-erali ; ca«Mneo sen rnbirlo seu elcc- 
 trir'j jii.tA; ("ostis xi.-xv., talidis, angustis, rotundatis ; inter- 
 stir. is ninlto latioribiis, 8ut)[iianHtis ; tota superficie miimtissime 
 conceMtrice striata ; auriculis latis, hand ttcjualibius linilis circ. vi. 
 oniatis ; siiiu paucidciitato : iiitus j)allidiore, linea cardinis cos- 
 tata, ad sutiiras auricularnm tuberculosa ; fossa ligamentali curta, 
 transversim lata. Long. 1*7, lat. 1"84, alt. '56. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jewett)) Sta. Barbara Island {Cooper). 
 
 Pecten {? var.) squarrosus. (Page 536.) 
 
 P. testa orbiculari,EC(|nilaterali, rubida, albido macr.lata ; valva dextra 
 convexa ; costis xviii., 8e(}ualibiis, testa jun. a[)proxii uti', testa 
 adulta iiiterstitiis ivqualiuus ; costis et interstitiis regulariter iin- 
 datis, striis crebiis »(|uamosis r.-.diHntibus ubioue ornata ; auriculis 
 magnis, latissimis, suljHequalibus : aiitica aoguste fissata, serrat<<, 
 postica sinuata; auriculis auibaijus et regioue contigua scabrose 
 ftiiatis : intus alba, linea cardinaii alte sulcata. Long. 1"8a, 
 lat. 1-79, alt. "9. 
 
 Hab. " Sta. Barbara," teste Jeicett. 
 
 r.csenibles a shell in ]\Ius. Cuming., marked " exasperatus, 
 var.," but does not agree with the diagnosis of that species. 
 All Col. Jewett's valves were dextral. The locality needs con- 
 tirniation. 
 
 183. Vulvula cylindrica. 
 
 V. testa cyliudracea, allta, nitente, striis spiralibus distantibus cincta ; 
 medio plauato, niaririuibus fere }»arallilis ; autice satis eft'usa, 
 postice hubito angustata ; canali brevissiino ; \a\no acuto ; labio 
 indistiucto ; plica coluuiellari parva, valde declivi. Long, "l/, 
 lat. 07. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jewett). 
 
 2G5. PhasiancUa {? compter, var.) pundulata. 
 
 P. testa P. comptfP simili, sed elati&re; suturis impressis ; aiifractibus 
 tunitntibus; omnino minutissime fusco punctata; columella lacii- 
 patp. Long. -24, long. spir. 'IJ, lat. '14, div. 50°. 
 
 Hab. S. Diego [Jewett). 
 
 281 
 
4 Dr. P. V. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca 
 
 205 h. Phasianella (? conijita, var.) pvlfoides. 
 
 P. testa P. y>«//o siinilliiiia; solida, compacta, s|)ira hreviore ; sufuris 
 distiiicti^. Long. '2, lon;^. spir. •!, lat. •13, div. 5.">^. 
 
 Hah. Sta. Barbara \Jeu-ett) ; Monterey, 20 fathoms (State 
 Coll. no. 353). Smaller var., 8-10 fathoms, Calaliua Island 
 [Cooper). 
 
 2G5 c. Phasianella (? compta, var.) elatior. 
 
 P. testa perparva ; spira elongata, iit in P. piillo picta ; anfiactibns 
 snbplaiiatis ; suturis baud impressis ; columella hand lacuiiata. 
 Long, 'la, long. spir. -12, lat. '11, div. 40°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara [Jewel t). 
 
 P. compta, with a larire proportion of the small shells of the 
 ^eniis, is included under P. pidlus in Mr. Reeve's monoirraph. 
 In so difficult a tribe, it is judged better to name the di>tnict 
 forms, and those from separated localities, until more is knosvu. 
 
 270. Trochiscus convexus. 
 
 T. testa parva, subelevata, purpureo-fusca, temiiter sculpta; anfr. nucl. 
 ? siiiistralibus, vertiue quasi deeollato ; norm, iv., eonvexis, suturis 
 impressis ; obtusissime bicarinatis, striolis confertissiinis, minimis, 
 subobsoletis cinctis ; umbilico uiajore, costis duabus cincto, quarum 
 interior acuta, exterior rotuudata, crenata ; apertura circulari. 
 Long. •!.'), long. spir. •0(i, lat. 'iii, div. yu^. 
 
 Hab. Monterey [Jewell). 
 
 The nuclear whorls in this unique little shell and in the typi- 
 cal species a))pear suiistral, as in Phoridse and Solariad;e. The 
 operculum also resembles that of Solarium rather than of Tro- 
 clius. The genus nuiy prove to belong to the Proboscidifers, 
 notwithstanding its nacreous texture. 
 
 'O 
 
 317. Hipponi/x lumens. 
 
 n. testa normaliter fornicata, rotuudata, albida ; epidermide mgnlosn, 
 iuierstitiis pilulosa ; vertice nucleoso nautiloideo, l?evi, paiuni tu- 
 meute, apice celato, iiUerdum persisteute ; deiu rapidissime au- 
 gente, expansa, uudique regulariter areuata ; liris acutis, subele- 
 vatis, distantibus, spiralibus, aliis iutercalautibus ; liueis iucre- 
 nienti minoribus decussautibus ; margine ncuto ; apertura j»le- 
 rumque rotuudata : cicatrice uuisculari a margiue parum reniota, 
 regione capitis valde interrupta. Long. •", lat. "46, alt."oi5, div.'JU°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara [Jewell); S. Pedro [Cooper). 
 
 = " H. Uubrufa"-i-" Cupuius, 213," Brit. Assoc. Hep. :857, 
 
 P-^^"- 282 • 
 
from the West Coast of North America. 5 
 
 329 b. Bittium (? var.) esuriens. 
 
 P. testa B. fiJoso siinili, sed multo minore, graciliore, interdiim vald 
 atteimata ; sciilptiira testse jim. ut in D.Jiluso, testae adultse sub 
 obsoleta; interstitiis hand iiisculptis. Long. '3, long. spir. "21 
 lat. -11, div. 25°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara [Jeivctt) ; Neeah Bay {Swan) ; Monterey 
 {Cooper). 
 
 334. Bittium fastigiatum. 
 
 B. testa j)arva, gracili, pallide rntb-cinerea, marginibus spirae vix 
 excurvatis ; anf'r. nncl. iii., Isevibus, tnmiilis, apice acute; norm, ix., 
 planatis, suturi ^ alte inipressis ; ant'r. primis iii. carinatis, postea 
 costis radiantibus circ. xiii., obtusis, satis extantibus, ad suturas 
 interruptis, interstitiis uiidatis, liris sj)iralibus iv. iu s|)ira se nion- 
 strantibus, costas undatini superantibus, quarum antica iu testa 
 juu. plerumque extat; aut'r. ultimo i)arum coutracto, basi elongata, 
 liris spiralibus vi. contiguis ornata ; apertura gibbosa ; labro 
 acuto, interdum varicoso, autice angulatini emarginato ; labio 
 tenui. Long, 'lb, long. spir. 'VJ, lat. 'DO, div. 20°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara [Jewett). 
 
 Genus Amphithalamus*. 
 
 Testa Rissoidea, nucleo niagiio ; apertura labio producto, labro 
 subpostice juucto, subito in adulta coutracto. 
 
 355. Amphithalamus inclusus. 
 
 A. testa minuta, lata, solidiore, pallide rufo-fusca ; vertice mamillato; 
 anf'r. unci, uiio et diuiidio, quoad magnitudinem ))erinagnis, nii- 
 nutissime et coutertissiiiie spiraliter et radiatim striolatis ; anf'r. 
 norm, iii., laEvibus,sul)plauatis, suturisimpressis ; basisubangulata; 
 costa peripberica rotuudata, hand extante, interdum in spira se 
 monstrante ; costa altera circa rcgionem pseudo-umbilicarem ; labro 
 acuto, baud coutracto : lal>io testa adolescente normali, dein a 
 pariete separata, siuum ])Osticum suturam versus formante, t. adulta 
 valde separata, regionem quasi umbilicarem maguam formante; ad 
 labrum subito fere perpendiculariter, subpostice juncto : opercul*^ 
 tenuissimo. Long. •04, long. s])ir. 02, lat. "03, div, GO^. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barb:ui {Jewett); S. Diego {Cooper). 
 
 This very remarkable little shell bears the same relatiou to 
 Rissoa that Stoastoma does to Helicina. The peritrenie resem- 
 bles a figure f^ inverted, as on the face of the type. In the dis- 
 proportionate size of the uue'ear whorls it resembles Vitrinella. 
 
 373. Drillia mo'sta, 
 
 J), testa acuminata, Irevi, dense olivaceo-fusca, epidermide Inevi ad- 
 hcerente iuduta ; anf'r. nucleosis?...(decollatis); norm, viii., paiuui 
 
 * Th. dix<f)\, ddXafios, having a chamber on both sidei. 
 
 283 
 
6 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca 
 
 exci\rvati-i, siitmis panim distinctis ; testa adolescciite costis ra<H- 
 autibus fire, x., suliubsnU'tis, clongatis, arciiatis, simini versus lu- 
 terniptis, postice nodosis ; aiifr. ult. sculptura nulla ; apertura 
 eloMgata ; canali hievi, apei to ; columella recta ; labio tcnui ; 
 labro aciito, suturatii versus slnuato, linu parvo, expauso ; operculo 
 normali. Long. Tl, long. spir. -65, lat. "Sti, div. 27°. 
 
 Hub. Sta. Barbara {Jewctt) ; S. Pedro {Cooper). 
 
 38G. Mitromorpha f/osa. 
 
 M. testa parva, solidiore, atro-purpurea, subconitbrmi, antice et pos- 
 tice subnequaliter tereti ; anf'r. nucl. ii., albis, laevibus, apice 
 niamillato ; )>orin. iv., planatis, suturis baud distinetis ; omnino 
 8e(pialiter spiraliter lirulata ; lirulis acutioribus, in spira iv., anfr. 
 ult. eirc. xx., interstitiis niajoribus ; ajjcrtura lineata ; labro parum 
 iuflexo, rotuudato, postice vix siunato, intus circ. xii.-dentato ; 
 labio inconsjiieuo ; eolnuiella arcuatini truncata. Long. "20, 
 long. spir. "1, lat. •|2, div. 4.')°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara [Jeicett] ; Lower Caiifornia (teste Trick, in 
 Mus. Cuming.). 
 
 = ?Da/j/iiu'iiti Ji/osa, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1803, p. 658, notef* 
 
 ]\Ir. A. Adan)s obtained two similar species from Japan ; and 
 as the shells do not rank satisfactorily under any established 
 group, lie proposes the above genus for their reception. M. Crosse 
 suggests that Culuinbella dorinitor, Sby., may be congeneric. 
 
 Mangelia variegata. 
 
 M. testa valde attenuata, tenui, parva, pallida carnea, rufo-fusco 
 normaliter bizonata, interdum unizonata, sen zonis interruptis ; 
 vertice nucleoso conspicuo, anfr, uno et dimidio, apice maniillato ; 
 anfr. norm, vi., subrotundatis, suturis valde inipressis ; costis 
 radiantibus ix., angustis ; costulis spiralibus crebris, validioribus, 
 in spira circ. x., costas superantibus ; apertura valde elongata; 
 canali brevi, aperto ; labro tenui, juxta suturam conspicue areuato; 
 labio tenui. Long. "SI, long. spir. 'l/, lat. •! poll., div. 22°. 
 
 Variat costis crebrioribus, sculptura minus expressa. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jewett). 
 
 Mangelia (? variegata, var.) nitens. 
 
 M. testa M. variegatee siniili, sed uitentiore, fascia alba et altera 
 rufo-fusca attingente spirain asceudeutibus. Long. -25, long, 
 epir. -15, lat. -08, div. 20°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jewett), rare. 
 
 Mangelia angulalf^. 
 
 ilf. testa parva, mfo-purpurea, vix grncili, epidermide tcnui fugaci; 
 anfr. uucl. iii., helicoiUeiSj primum Isevibus, deiu cauccllatis, upice 
 
 284 
 
from the IVest Coast of North America. 7 
 
 mamillato ; anfr. norm, iv., convcxis, sutiiris impressi?, in medio 
 gpirae obtiisnngulatis ; costis radiaiitiims circ. xii., acutiorih'.is ; cos- 
 tula spirali circa anguluni, inter co^tas sMl)i)l)snleta ; tota '-iiperficie 
 tenuiter spiraliter crebri>ulcata, sulculis sub Icnte sa?pius bitidis; 
 ajjcrtura pyrifornii, cauali lougiore, recto, ajierto ; labro acutOj 
 postice conspicue sinuato ; colunidla hand contorta ; labro obso- 
 Icto. Long. "So, long. spir. '18, lat. "Id^ div. 30°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. llarbara {Jewett). 
 
 Myurella simplex, 
 
 ]\I. testa rufo-cinerea, miuore, minus tereti, epidermide tenui ; 
 anfr. xii., jdaniitis ; fascia suturali valida, nodosa, tuberculis ovali- 
 bus crebris validioribus (anfr. penult, circa xv.) ornata ; testa 
 adolescente costulis radiantibus, postea evanescentibus ; striolis 
 antice et postice spiralil)us, circa periplieriam saepe obsoletis ; 
 basi rotundata ; canali brcvissimo, alte eniarginato ; carina supra 
 canaletn acuta, coluniellam jdicantc ; laljro acuto, vix undato. 
 Long. 10.'3, long. spir. vfi, lat. -27, div. 20°. 
 
 Tariat tuberculis subobsoletis. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jewett); S.Pedro {Cotter), 
 
 Odostomia inflata. 
 
 O. te=*i majore, tenui, pallide cinerea, epidermide cinerea induta; 
 vert, iiucl. subito imnierso ; anfr. norm, iv., rapidissime augenti- 
 bus, snbplanatis, suturis inipressis; tota superiicie minutissime et 
 confertissime si)iraliter striolata ; umbilico nullo ; basi et apertura 
 valde elongatis ; labro acuto ; labio tenuissimo ; plica acuta, trans- 
 versa, parietem attingente ; columella valde arcuata, antice effusa. 
 Long. •20, long. spir. -^9, lat. -14, div. 60°. 
 
 Vaiiat spira elatiore. Long. -24, long. spir. "ll, lat. '13, div. 45*. 
 
 Variat quoque striolis subobsolftis. 
 
 Hdb. Sta, Barbara (Jeu-ett) ; Farralcone Islands, in cavities, on 
 Holiotis (teste R. D. Darbishire) ; near San Francisco [Roicell) ; 
 Neeah Bay [Swan). 
 
 Chemnitzia crebrifilata. 
 
 C, testa satis tereti, subalbida, baud regulari ; anfr. nucl. ii., beli- 
 coideis, decliviter sitis, margines spirae parum excurvatos paidium 
 su[)erantibus ; norm, viii., quorum prinii subrotundati, ultinii vix 
 planati ; suturis valde distinctis ; cost. rad. circ. xxiv., subrectis, 
 acutioribus, angustis, interdum attingevitibus, anfr. ultimo cre- 
 brioribus minus expressis, circa basim prolougatam baud subito 
 evanescentibus; lirulis spiralibus, in spira circ. viii., rotundatis, 
 expressis, anfr. ult. supra costas subnodulosis, circa basim crebri- 
 oribus ; peritremate continuo ; columella vix torta, baud plicata ; 
 labio distiucto. Long. -22, long. spir. '17, lat. '07, div. ]y°, 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara, I specimen {Jewett). 
 
 285 
 
8 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Funns of Mollusca 
 
 403 h. Chemnitzia [l/orquata, var.) sfi/Iiiiu. 
 
 C. testa C. torquatte simili, sed valde teretiore, f;racillima, intordum 
 sul)cliaj)haiia ; ant'r. iiucl. ii., dccliviter sitis, niargiiies spirre fere 
 yiarallelos vix superantibus ; norm, xii., au£>>i<tis, siihplanatis, ?u- 
 turis distinctis; cost-s radiantibus circ. xxiii., latis, declivibu';, 
 testa juniore continuis, aduUa fascia hand sculpta suprasuturali 
 separatis; interstitiis parvis, liaud sculptis; l)asi rotiindnta, liaud 
 sculpta ; columella parura torta. Long. '32, long. spir. "27, lat. 8, 
 div 10°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jewetf) ; Monterey {Cooper). 
 
 Chemnitzia Virgo. 
 
 C. te?ta p.irva, alba, gracili, stylina; anfr. nncl. ii., detlivitei" sit's, 
 margines spirse snhparallelos hand superantibus; norm. \i ., 
 sulirotundiitis, suturis distinctis ; costulis ra(liautil)us circ. xviii., 
 angustis, acutioril)us, srepe attiugentil)us, circa perinlieriam hand 
 Bubito evanidis, interstitiis subajqiialibus alte sjjiraliter sulcatis, 
 sideis circ. viii., latera costarum creuulantil)us, costas hand super- 
 antibus ; basi valde rotundata, curta, baud sculpta; axi lacunato; 
 peritreniate vix continue; columiUa recta. Long. '18, long, 
 spir. -14, lat. •O.'j, div. 12°. 
 
 Hab. "Sta. Barbara/* 1 specimen [Jeivttt], 
 
 Dunkeria loniinata. 
 
 D. testa satis elevata, rufo-fusca, fasciis pallidioribus internum eincta; 
 anfr. nucl. ii., helicoideis, valde decliviter sitis, niarguies spirse 
 subrectos hand superantibus ; norm, viii., subrotundatis, suturis 
 impressis ; costis spiralibus rotundatis, in spira iv., aliiscpie sutu- 
 ralibus vix rotundatis, interstitiis miuoribus impressis ; super eas 
 laminis radiantibus acutioribus circ. xxx., circa basim rotundatam 
 tenuiter continuis ; liris spiralibus hasalibus circ. viii., obtusis, colu- 
 mellam versus subflexuosam obsoletis : peritremate eoiitinuo ; labio 
 appresso. Long. •2.'i, long, spir. "IS, lat. '07, div. 20°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jeivett) ; San Diego {Cooper). 
 
 This beautiful Fenelloid species may be regarded as the type 
 of the group Dunkeria. 
 
 Eulima Thersites. 
 
 E. testa parva, eurtissima, albida, arcuata, valde distorta ; margini- 
 bu3 spirse dextro subrecto, sinistro valde exeurvato ; anfr. nucl. 
 ?. . (decollatis) ; norm, vi., Isevibus, subjilanatis, suturis distinctis ; 
 basi valde arcuata ; apertura subovali, dextrorsum producta ; peri- 
 tremate eontinuo, valde calloso ; labro sinnato. Long. •21, long, 
 spir. -13, lat. -09, div. 40°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen {Jeivett). 
 
 Preeminent for aberration among the distorted EuliniidjB. 
 A second specimen occurred from an uncertain source. 
 
 28G 
 
from Ihe West Coast of North America, 
 
 Opalia buHnla. 
 
 0. testa minore, alba, suhdiapliana, tUTita, gracili ; marpiniljus spirse 
 subrcctis ; tola superticie iniiiutissiiue et creberriine spiiaUter 
 Btriolata ; vertice nuclcoso doclivi, celato ; dciii anfr. ii., plobosis. 
 radiatirn hand sculptis ; dein v. nornialibus, pianatis, suturis vix 
 impressis; lirulis radiantil)us circ. xxvi., baud nisi in ant'r. primis 
 exjjressis, circa basitn irreuu ariter rotuiidatam ad axim coutiuuis; 
 serie buUiilarum suturaliiun autV. priiuis e lirulis extantii)us tbr- 
 mata, postea lirulis baud conveiiifiitibus, ant'r. penult, circ. xvii., 
 pianatis, super suturas parieti appressis, intcrstitiis baud int'ossis ; 
 basi subangulata, baud costata ; apertura subovali, sinistrorsum 
 subplanata ; peritremate continuo, calloso ; labro baud siuuato. 
 Long. -3, long. spir. -21, lat. -O'J, div. 20". 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara, one specimen {Jewett). 
 
 422. Cerithiopsis purpurea. 
 
 C. testa compacta, baud gracili, marginibus sjiirre panim excurratls; 
 purpurea ^eu fusco-purpurea, circa peripheriam pallidiore ; anfr. 
 nucl. ?ii., Isevibus ; norm, vii., pianatis, suturis impressis; strie- 
 bus iii. nodulorum minorum supra costulas spirales minures, ad 
 intersectiones costularum radiantium circ. xxiii., lineis t'ere rectis, 
 ad suturas interruptis, spiram ascendentium sitis ; interstitiis im- 
 pressis, quadratis ; costulis suturalibus ii. baud nodulosis ; basi 
 rotundata, antice lirulis paucis expressis inter eas et costulas su- 
 turales vix sculpta ; apertura subquadrata ; columella torta, emar- 
 ginata. Long. •29, long. spir. "ll), lat. -1, div. 20°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jeivett); Monterey, San Diego [Cooper), 
 
 423. Ceritf/iojtsis fortior. 
 
 C. testa C.purpvrees simili, scd sculptura multo fortiore, basi pallida; 
 seriebus nodulorum spiralibus testa adolescente ii., postea iii. ; costis 
 radiantibus circ. xiii., interstitiis majrnis ; costis suturalibus validis, 
 subnodosis ; costu basali valida. Long. '3, long. spir. "2,^1. "ll, 
 div. 26°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen {Jewett). 
 
 439. Marginella subtrigona. 
 
 M. testa M. Jnoettii simili, sed multo curtiore, latiore ; antice valde 
 aiigustata, postice valde tumenie ; labro postice minus prolongato; 
 pbcis iv., validioribus, j)arietali una. Long, "l-ij long. spir. "Ul, 
 lat. -11, div. 130°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jewett), 
 
 440. Marginella regularis. 
 
 M. testa M. Jewetfii simili, sed multo minore, paullum angustiore ; 
 tenui, nitidissima, crystallina, omnino diapbana ; labio magis cal- 
 loso. Long. -13, long. spir. -01, lat. -Of), div. 120°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara [Jewett) ; coast of California south from 
 
 287 
 
]0 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca 
 
 Monterey, beach to 20 fathoms; Catalina Island, 10-20 fa- 
 thoms. State Coll. uo. 398 <i {Cooper). 
 
 4?3. Amycla tuberosa, 
 
 A. testa A. minori simillima, sed vertice nucleoso tuberoso ; aiifr. iv., 
 tumidis, rapide augeiitilius ; a))ice minimo, margiiies spirae rectos 
 parum superante, interdum subdecliviter sito ; testa adulta intei- 
 dum unicolore, livida seu auraatiuca ; plerumque albida, rufo-i'usco 
 ▼nrie picta, seu maculata, seu nebulosn, seu strijiata strigis radi- 
 antibus seu flcxuosis, seu varie penicillata, saipe fascia tessellata 
 subsuturali ; anfract. norm, v., plaiiatis, suturis distinctis; basi 
 suhangulata; apertura pyriformi, canali satis j)roloiigato, arcuato; 
 labro iiitus acuto, deorsum quasi tumidiore, postice sniuato, iulus 
 circ. octodentato ; labio parum conspicuo, vix rugulilo ; columella 
 torta, axi antice striate ; superficie la;vi, seu iutenlum minuti>.sime 
 sub leute radiatim striolata ; epidermide coruea, tciiui, subdia- 
 phana, spiraliter sub leiite minutissime striolata : operculo Nassre- 
 t'ormi, parvo, margiuibus irregulariter serratis, cicatrice bilobata. 
 Long. -32, long. spir. -IS, lat. "l-l, div. 30"". 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara, recent and fossil [Jeivett) ; coast of Cali- 
 fornia north to Monterey ; Catalina Island, 8-10 fathoms 
 {Coopei-). 
 
 As this belongs to a group of closely allied species of Nassoid 
 Columbellse, a minute diagnosis is given. The fossil specimens 
 are larger, and have the remarkable nucleus more perfect, than any 
 of the recent shells yet seen. In appearance it scarcely differs 
 from the small variety of the Mediterranean A. minor, Scac. ; 
 but that (with A. corniculata) has a Chrysodouioid nucleus, the 
 Californiau an Alaboid. 
 
 ? Anachis penicillata. 
 
 XA. testa parva, Metuloidea, turrita, albida, rufo-fusco plus minusve 
 penicillata; anlV. nuclcosis ii., tumidis, helicoideis, apice mamil- 
 lato ; norm, vi., tumidis, suturis valde impressis ; costis radiauti- 
 bus circ. xii., angustis, expressis ; lirulis spiralibus extantibus, 
 in spira plerumque vi. supra costas transeuntibus ; ajjcrtura pyrl 
 formi, antice eti'usa ; labro postice sinuato. Long. '2\, loUjj. 
 spir. -13, lat. 08, div. 25°. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; S. Diego, Catalina Island, shore 
 to 10 fathoms {hooper). 
 
 Neither of the specimens sent is quite mature. The month 
 is that of an adolescent Anachis, but the sculpture is Metuloid. 
 
 Sipkonalia fuscotincta. 
 
 S. testa minima, turrita, albida, apicem versus fusco tincta ; anfr. 
 nucl. ii., compactis, subplanatis, apice niamillato ; norm, iv., con- 
 vexis, suturis impressis ; costis raiiiantibus rotundatis, tumentibus, 
 basim versus evanidis, interstitiis undulatis, subsequaiitibus ; liridia 
 
 288 
 
from the West Coast of North America. \\ 
 
 crshris spirallbus, costas superantibus ; apertura pyriformi, in 
 canalem brevem apertum contortum products; labro acuto ; la- 
 bio baud conspicuo; columella canalem versus valde coutorta. 
 Long. -17, long. spir. -1, lat. -08, div. 32°. 
 
 Hah. Sta. Barbara {Jewel t). 
 
 TTie unique specimen is like a minute edition of Siphonalia 
 Aelletttt, but does not accord with the young of that or of any 
 Other species known in the region. It is probably not mature. 
 19 289 
 
L. 
 
 DIAGNOSES 
 
 OF 
 
 NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSC A, 
 
 COLLECTED BY COL. E. JEWKTT 
 
 OK THE 
 
 WEST TROPICAL SHORES OF NORTH AMERICA, 
 
 BY 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol. 
 XV^, pp. 399—400, May, 1865. 
 
 (291 ) 
 
DIAGNOSES 
 
 ov 
 
 KETV FORMS OF MOLLUSCA 
 
 COLLECTED BY Col. E. JEWETT 
 ON 
 
 THE WEST TROnCAL SHORES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 BT 
 
 PHILIP p. CARPENTEPt, B.A., Pn.D. 
 
 Rissoina expansa. 
 
 Jt. testa mngna, lata, tenuisculpta, alba, nitente, subfliaphana; 
 marginibus spirse parum excurvatis ; anfr. nucl. Isevibus, vertice 
 niamillato ; norm, v., plaiiatis, suturis distinctis ; costulis radiunti- 
 bus circ. xxiv., obtusis, baud extantibus, intcrstitia sequantibus, 
 periphcriam versus evanidis ; circa basim productani striis spiralU 
 bus expressis; medio Isevi; apertura valde expansa, semilunata; 
 labro subaiitice producto, varicoso, antice et postice alte siuuato , 
 labio calloso. Long. '3.5, long. spir. "18, lat. '17 poll., div. 30°. 
 
 Hab. Mazatlan (teste Jewel t). 
 
 This fine species is the largest known in the fauna. It most 
 resembles R. infrequens, C. B. Ad., which was described from a 
 dead shell. 
 
 Mangelia hamata. 
 
 JH. testa carneo-aurantiaca, satis turrita, marginibus spirac excurvatis j 
 anfr. nucl. ii. globosis, tenuissime cancellatis, apice mamillato ; nona> 
 vi., subelongatis, in spira tumentibus, subangulatis, suturis impressis ; 
 costis radiantibus x.-xii., acutioribus, validis, circa basim pro- 
 longatam continuis ; interstitiis concavis ; lirulis spiralibus filosis, 
 distantibns, supra costas transeuntibus, in spira iii.-iv. ; apertura 
 eubelungata, quasi hamata, intus Isevi, intense culorata: labro 
 
 293 
 
Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca. 13 
 
 Rcuto, dorsaliter varicoso, postice valde sinuato. Long. "24, long. 
 spir. -IS, lat. '1, div. 25'^. 
 
 Nub. Panama (teste Jeivett). 
 
 This very beautiful species is easily recognized by the varicose 
 lip, sloping off to a sharp edge ; by the deeply cut posterior 
 notch, giving the smooth mouth a hooked appearance ; by the 
 sharp ridges, traversed by distant spiral threads ; and by the 
 flesh-tinted orange colour. 
 
 Mangelia cerea. 
 
 M. testa M. hnmattE simili, sed textura cerea, aurantiaca, graci iioro, 
 aiifractihus tumidioribus, baud angulatis ; aufr. nucl. leevibus; 
 normalibus v., costis radiantibns baud acutis, iiiterstitia sequan- 
 tibus ; liris spiralibus validioribus, baud filosis, supra costas nodu- 
 losis, in interstitiis subobsoletis ; apert'ira, testa adulta, ?.,.. 
 Long. -25, long. spir. lA, lat. '1, div. 28°. 
 
 Variat testa rufo-i'usca. 
 
 Hab. Panama (teste Jeivett), 
 
 Col. Jewett's unique specimen is not mature. It is distin- 
 guished from M. hamata by the smooth nucleus, waxen texture, 
 rounder whorls, more equal distribution of the contour between 
 ribs and interstices, and especially by the spiral sculpture, which 
 is faint in the hollows, but nodulose on the ribs. Mr. Cuming 
 has a specimen with the same texture, but of a rich browa 
 colour. 
 
 Chemnitzia calata. 
 
 C. testa satis magna, cinerea, elongata ; anfr. nucl. ?. . . ; norm, xiii., 
 planatis, suturis vix iuiprcssis ; costis radiantilius xx.-xxviii., 
 rectis, baud semper convenitntibus, subacutis, ad peripberiam 
 subito truncatis ; sulcis spiralibus in spira iv.-v., valde inipressis, 
 interstitia et costarum latera transeuntibus, juga baud su})eranti- 
 bus ; basi subito angustata, angulata, liiulis spiralibus circ. vi. 
 ornata ; apertura subquadrata ; columella satis torta. Long. "35, 
 long. spir. -3, lat. -09, div. 13°. 
 
 Hab. West coast of North America (Jewett). 
 
 This beautiful and unique shell was probably from Panama ; 
 but there was no locality-mark. It is remarkable for its deep 
 furrows and the suddenly shortened and spirally sculptured 
 base. It is much larger and broader than the uorthern C Vir^o, 
 and differs in details of sculpture. 
 
 294 
 
M. 
 
 DIAGNOSES 
 
 DBS 
 
 MOLLUSQUES NOUVEAUX 
 
 PROVENANT DE CALIFORNIE, 
 
 ET FAISANT PARTIE DU MUSEE DE L'INSTITUTION SMITHSONIENNB. 
 
 BY 
 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., Ph. D. 
 
 From the Journal de Conchy liologie, Vol. XII. (Third Series, Vol. V ) np 
 
 129-149, April, 1865. 
 
 ( 295 ) 
 
Diagnoses de moiiusques nonveaox provennni 
 de Caiifoi'iiic el faisant partie du musee 
 
 de riiiHtitiition Smitlisonienne, 
 
 PAR TuiLiP P. Carpenter, B. A., Tn. D, 
 
 I. 
 
 O'aprcs Ics lois des Etats-Unis, tous les objets d'histolre 
 laluroile recueillisdans le cours dcs espedilions failos par 
 
 297 
 
— 130 — 
 
 les Etnfs deviennent la propriele de rinslitulion Smithso- 
 nienne, qui est autorisee, de plus, a echangcr les doubles. 
 Celle inslilulion, si bien dirigte par le professeur Hinry, 
 qui en est le secretaire, n'a pas pour objet principal son 
 seul agrandisscment ; elle est (!'tablie pour « I'accroisse- 
 ment et la propagation de la science parmi les hommeSt » 
 c'esl-a-dire quelle embrasse loutes les nations. Dans I'e- 
 cliange des doubles, on n'a pas pour buld'obtenir un quid 
 pro quo, mais plut6t d'envoyer les echanlillons a quelque 
 endroit ou ils seront plus utiles pour Tavancement de la 
 science. Le revenu de Tinstitulion ne sufllsant pas pour 
 avoir a poste fixe des naluralisles charges de dasser et de 
 decrire au besoin les objets d'histoire naturelle de ce 
 musee, on envoie ces objets encommunicalion a des natu- 
 ralistes des Elats-Unis ou d'autres pavs, selon leurspecia- 
 lile, en vue d'arriver a determiner les especes et de faire 
 choix des echanlillons pour leur collection permanente et 
 pour les echanges. En conformile de ce principe, les di- 
 recleurs de I'inslitution m'ont transmis en Anglelerre 
 toutes les coquilles recueillies sur la c6le ouest d'Ame- 
 rique. Je les ai soigneusement comparees avee les types 
 de la collection Cuming et du musee britannique; et, par 
 suite de cet examen comparatif joint a celui de mes 
 propres materiaux, je me suis trouve dans la necessite de 
 decrire a peu pres trois cen!^ especes ou varietes locales, 
 en dehors de celles que j'ai publiees anterieurement dans 
 mon catalogue des coquilles de Mazatlan, 
 
 On trouvera des renseignements sur ces especes et sur 
 toutes les sources originales d'information concernant le 
 mfime sujet, dans mon <.( Supplementary Report on the 
 present stale of our knowledge of (he Mollusca of (he 
 \\ est coast of N. America, » 6crit a la demande de 1' Asso- 
 ciation britannique pour Pavancement de la science, el 
 
 298 
 
— 131 — 
 
 publie dans ses Transactions pour I'annde 1803 (p 517- 
 C8(J). A\x\ pafies G3C 0(54, on pent consnlter une table dis- 
 posee de manierc a faire voir d'nn coup d'oeil toutes les 
 especes tic la region de Vancouver et de Californie, jus- 
 qu'ici tres pen conniies, avec totis les endroils ou on les 
 a recueillies, d'apres les renseignements fournis par les 
 principaux colleclcurs. Dans les mfimes pages on tronvera 
 une description tres-succincte des especes qui sont nou- 
 \ellesou pen connncs : quant aux diagnoses latines, elles 
 ont ete publiees dans divers journaiix scienlifiques, selon 
 la source de provenance des especes qu'elles concernent. 
 Ainsi, par exemple. on doit en chercher le plus grand 
 nombre, qui ont ete draguees par le docleur Cooper, lore 
 du Geological Survey de I'Etat de Californie, dans les Pro- 
 ceedings of the California Academy, 18Gi-5. Les especes 
 draguees par le docleur Kennerley au Puget-Sound se 
 Irouvent decriles dans le Journal of the Philadelphia 
 Academy, 18(55. Les especes trouvc^es par le colonel Je- 
 wetl, en Californie, ont eie publiees dans les Annals of 
 natural History^ 18(i4-o; cellesqui ont ete recueillies par 
 M. Swan et les jeunes Indiens, de I'instruction desquels ii 
 est charge, a la bale de Neeah (vis-a-vis I'lle de Vancou- 
 ver), et par M. Xantus, au cap St. -Lucas, se trouvent 
 ddcrites dans le mfeme recuoil periodique (186i). Dans 
 les Proceedings of the zoological Society (1863, p. 559- 
 3G9), on trouvera nn evamen critique du Panama cata- 
 logue du profcsseur C. B. Adams, fait d'apres ses echan- 
 tillons typiques ; et, pendant le cours de la presente on- 
 nee, le mCme journal doit publier les especes nouvelles 
 de la region tropicale, recueillies par MM. Reigen, 
 C. B. Adams, etc. 
 
 Profitant de la bienveillance avec laquelle I'editeur du 
 
 Journal de Conchyliologie a bien voulu m'ouvrir les co- 
 
 299 
 
— 132 — 
 
 lonncs (!e son recneil sciofilifiiiiie, je me propose de don- 
 ner, <liins eel article, les diagnoses des ospeces iioiivclies 
 de Californie, qui ne se Iroiivenl pas decritcs dans lesme- 
 moires cites plus haul. Je me Irouve dans limpossibiiite 
 d'en donnor en nieme temps les figures, altendii que j'ai 
 deja reslilue les cchanlillons lypiques a i'inslitulion Sinilh- 
 sonieniie; mai> celte absence de figures est moins regret- 
 table, si Ton considere qu'elle n'esl que momentanee, et 
 que les especes en queslion doivent 6tre prodiainement 
 dessinees et gravees sur bois par !e savant artiste, M. le 
 D' W. Stimpson, pour le Mauuel des Mollusques de la cole 
 onesi d'Ameiique, que je prepare en ce moment, a la de- 
 mande de I'inslitulion Smilhsonieiine (i). Lorsqu'il exisle 
 des doubles de ces diverses especes, on les trouvera ou 
 dans le Musee briluunique ou dans la collection Cuming. 
 Warringlon (Angletcrre], 15 fevrier IStio. 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Angulls Gouldii. 
 
 A. t. parva, alba, tcnui, tumida, subdiaphana, subqua- 
 drata; epidermide pallida, tenuissima, induta; Icevi, li- 
 neis incrementi hand exstantibus ; antice et ventraliter in- 
 (lata, marginibus regulariter excurvatis; parte postica 
 minima, haud angulata; umbonibus prominentibus : in- 
 tuSj dentibus cardinalibus utraque valva una simplici 
 unoque bi/ido, validis, obtusis ; laterali antico valva dex- 
 
 (1) Je prie les naturalisles qui trouveraient des arrears dans 
 mes ouvrages deja publico, ou qui posseileraieiit de noiiveaux 
 inaienaux relatil's aux Mollusques de la cole ouest d'Aiiierique, 
 de vnuloir bien me conimuniiiuer k'urs renj-eignenieiits, en me 
 les aarcssaiit chez M. le piofesseur Henry, Smilhsoniaii inslitu- 
 tioii, AVa^hiiigtoii, I). C, lilais-Unis, alin que je puisne rendre ce 
 Manuel aussi cuuiijlel et aussi oxacl que pos^ible. I'. C. 
 
 300 
 
 i 
 
— 133 — 
 
 tra curto, valido, exstante ; postico obsoleto; valva siniS' 
 trail null is ; nymphis rectis, inconspicuis ; sinu pallii 
 maximo, sub tr (angular i, fere cicatricem alteram teniis 
 porrecto; cicatricibus adductoribus postica siibquadrata, 
 antica elongata. — Long. -48, lat, -4, alt. '\ poll. [\). 
 
 Hab. San Diego, Cassidy. L'ile de Cerros, dans la basse 
 Californie, Ayres. 
 
 Cclte pelile coqnille porte Ic nom de « M(sra Gouhlii, 
 Hani., » dans le musce Cuming et dans les Genera de 
 MM. Adams (I. II, p. 39G), mais je n'ai pu parvenir a en 
 Irouverde diagnose publiee. Sur qiielques-uns des ^chan- 
 tillons, on peut trouver le commencement d'une dent la- 
 tcrale poslerieure. Ainsi la dilTerence entre les sotis- 
 genres Mara et Angiilus de M.M. Adams est de ties-pcii 
 d'importance. Cclle espece offie I'aspect de I'etat jeiine da 
 Luiricola Dcmbeyi, Lamarck (2), mais clle en differe par 
 la charniere. 
 
 (1) Les dimensions des espcces sont donnces en pouces an- 
 glais, dont chacun = 2.53 ccniimetres. 
 
 (2J Pour celte section de Scmbicularia, MM. Adams proposcnt 
 le vocable Capsa; ce qui fait grandement confusion, Capm elant 
 un nom de Lamarck, .^ynonyme, il est vrai, d'fphigenia, Schuma- 
 cher, mais neanmoins tres-usite. Je propose de recnnsliliier io 
 genre ancien Lutricola, de Blainville, prisdansun sens reslreiiit, 
 pour ce groupe, intermcdiaire entre les vrais Scrobicularia et les 
 Macoma, ainsi qu'il suit ; 
 
 Sous-genre Lutricola. 
 
 = Lutricola, Blainv. pars. 
 
 = Capsa, H. et A. Ad., non Lam. 
 
 = Scrobicularia, seu Macoma, seu Telliha, pars, auct. 
 
 Testa tumida, swpe inwquivulvis, irregularis, subquudrata seu 
 antice producta ; pars postica undala seu truncala; cartilago fo^sa 
 subinterva sita, ligamento curtiore contigua : denies cardinules 
 utraque valva duo, laterales nulli. 
 
 Ex. Lutricola ep'iippiuin, Solander, L. alia, Conrad; L. Dom- 
 heyi, Lamarck, etc. 
 
 301 
 
— 13i — 
 
 (Xdalia, n. g. 
 i.l)m,e7SA\ea. (uoe coquilie) reiidt'e. 
 
 Testa inflata, tenuis,. ccquivalvis, (vquilateralis, cyclO' 
 diformis : margo haud hians, hand sinuatus : ligamentum 
 et cartilago externa : denies cardinales 3-2, bifidi, late- 
 rales nulU : sinus pallii magnus.. 
 
 2. (£dalia sl'ddiapiiana. 
 
 QE. t. albida, tenuissima, siibdiaphana, suhmargarita- 
 cea, tumente; IcBvi, striulis incrcmenti exillimis ; epider- 
 mide pallide straminea, tenuissima ^induta; suborbiculuri, 
 umbonibus tumentibus, prominentibus ; marginibus um- 
 nino satis excurvatis, antico roiundato, postico paulttlum 
 porrecto, lunula nulla : intus, valva sinistrali dentibus 
 cardinalibns 3 bifidis, radiuntibus, quorum centralis ma- 
 jor, valva dextra 2 bifidis, intercalantibus ; nymphis par- 
 vis, Curtis, tenuibus ; ligamento circa umbones excurrente; 
 lamina cardinali dorsaliter parum claviculata; cicatrici- 
 biis adductoribus parvis, marginem dorsalem versus sitis, 
 antica ovali, postica subrotundata; sinu pallii regulariter 
 ovali, per duas trientes interstitii incurrente, longitudi- 
 naliter tenuissime corrugate; linea pallii antice a mar- 
 gine remota, diagonaliter reflcxa. — Long. -52, lat. '44, 
 alt. "26, poll. 
 
 Hab. San Diego, Cassidy. 
 
 Je n'ai vu qu'un sen' echantillon de cette roquille fort 
 
 remarquable. Apres ravoir examinee pour la secotide fois 
 
 et avec beauconp de soin au injcroscopc, pour caracteri- 
 
 ser I'espece et pour comparer ses caracleres avec ceux du 
 
 Cooperella scinlUhformis, j'ai eu le mallieur de le hiisser 
 
 tomber a terre et de le briser : mnis je puis attester I'exac- 
 
 lilude de la des-criplion. f.ptie espece a I'aspcct exicrne 
 
 302 
 
— 135 — 
 
 d'un Kellia suborbicularis ; I'iiifle^ion palle.ile dun Se- 
 tnele; le ligament circumumbonal des Circe et des Pse- 
 phisj et une charniere Ires-complexe, contenant cinq 
 dents, toutes bifides. Avec le sous-genre CoopercUa, qui 
 en differe comme les Lulricola el les Macoma (le car- 
 tilage «Jtant senni-interne) et peut-6tre avec les Cycla- 
 della, elle constitue un groupe parliculier des TelliniJoB. 
 
 3. PSEPHIS TELLIHTALIS. 
 
 Ps. t. valde transversa, siibqiiadrata, tumidiore, valde 
 incequilaterali ; umbonibus obtusis, vix prominent ibus ; 
 pallide carneo-lutescente, purpurea [maxime circa mar- 
 ginem dentcsque) tincta; epidermide tenuissima induta; 
 tola super ficie creberrime concentrice striata; margini- 
 bus, dorsali et ventrali subparallelis, antico rectiore, pos- 
 tico rotundato; lunula inconspicua : intus, dentibus cen- 
 tralibus minimis, anticis elongatis, posticis valde elon- 
 gatis; sinupallii vix sinuuto. — Long. '09, lat. '01, altit. 
 •04, poll. 
 
 Hab. California (sur la partie dorsale d'une Ilaliolide, 
 Howell). 
 
 Le sous genre Psephis se compose de tres-petites co- 
 
 quilles ven^riformes, dont Tanlmal est ovivipare, comme 
 
 celui des Cyclas, etc., des eaux douces, et des Bryophila 
 
 parmi les Lamellibranches marins. La charniere porte 
 
 trois dents; quelquefois elles resscmblent a celles des 
 
 Chione ; mais ordinairement les dents anlerieures et pos- 
 
 terieures se prolongent. Le Psephis tellimyalis se (rouve 
 
 sur les limites exlrfemes du groupe. II a I'aspect exterieur 
 
 d'un Tellitnya bidentalis et quelque chose aussi de sa 
 
 charniere, a cause du Ires-grand developpement des deux 
 
 dents terminales aux deptns de la dent centrale. Je n'eo ai 
 
 303 
 
— 13G — 
 
 vu qn'tm seiil ichnnlillon, qui apparlient au reverend 
 J. Rowell, pasteur h San Francisoo. 
 
 4. Tapes lacimata. 
 
 T. t. • T. staminece » simili, sed majore, fragili, multo 
 tenuiore; satis tumida, suhovali^ reguhiriter excurvata, 
 cinerea; lunula linea impressa, parum definita; margini'- 
 bus, postico vix subquadruto, antico producto; ligamento 
 haud prominent e ; costis radiantibus acutis, distantibus, 
 ventratiter dimidium interstitiorum wquantibus, postice 
 parvis, crebris, antice latis; laminis concentricis creber- 
 rimis, vix erectis, castas transeuntibus, a costis et inter- 
 stitiis eleganter undatis, haudnodosis : pagina interna al- 
 bida; dentibus cicatricibusque ut in *T. staminea* forma- 
 tis ; sinu pallii paulum longiore, acutiore. — Long. 2- 4, 
 lat. '2, alt. i'i, poll. 
 
 Hab. San Diego, Rich, Blake, Cooper. 
 
 Cetle espSce est rcmarquablc, en m6me temp< ponr la 
 d^licatesse de sa sculpture, et pour les caraclercs partlru- 
 liers de sa texture. Elle apparlient au m^me groupe que 
 les T. Adamsii, Reeve, T. levcrrima. Carpenter (decrit 
 d'apres un indiviJu trcs-jeune) et T. slaminen, Conrad. 
 Cclte dernil^re espcce comple parml ses varietes les V. Pe- 
 tilii et V. ruderata, Deshajes, V mundiilus. Reeve (= T. 
 diversa^ Sowerbj)et V. tumida, Sowerby. Mais elle se dis- 
 tingue facilement de loutes ces formes parses lames con- 
 centriques, disposees au-dessus des rayons et de leurs in- 
 terstices bien prononces et laciniecs aj sommet fort 
 ^Ic^gammciit. 
 
 5. Kellia (LAPEnousii, var.) CnmoNii. 
 
 K. t. • K. Laperousii* simili; sed tenuiore, minus trans- 
 
 tersa,ventraliter excurvata; epidermide pallidiore ; um- 
 
 304 
 
— 137 — 
 
 bonihus angustioribus : dcnlibiis multo minoribus. hand 
 exstanlihus. — Long. •76, lul. -62, alt. 'i\, poll. 
 Hub. Neeah Bay, Stcan ; San Pedro, Cooper. 
 
 Cetle variele est asx'z dislinrte de la forme tjpiqne du 
 K. Laperousii; muis hi Miili; d'individiis que j'al eii occa- 
 sion d' examiner comparativt ment ma permis du me cun- 
 vaincre que Tespece Vuriait beaucoup. 
 
 C. KeLLIA ROTINDATA. 
 
 K. t. tenuissima, orbiculari, satis convexa, aqxiilnte- 
 rail, Icevi ; epidermidc subnitente, pallide olivacea; um- 
 bonibus angustis, satis pruminentibus; marginibus omnino 
 regulariter excurvatis : intus, dentibus cardinalibus 2 
 tenuibus, satis conspicuis, clavicula hand exstante ; denti- 
 bus lateralibus satis elongntis. — Long. 'G, lut. 'h, alt. "28, 
 poll, 
 
 Hab, Monterey, Taylor. 
 
 Celle espece est beaucoup plus grande, mais moins 
 renflee que le K. suborbicularis, et se distingue lucile- 
 ment par sa forme presque completemenl arrondie. 
 
 7. OSTREA LURIDA. 
 
 0. t. irrcgulari , suborbiculari, ellipsoidea, sen pro- 
 ducta; super ficie interduni laminuta, purpurea seu squa- 
 lide grisea, haud costata : intus olivacea, interdum pur- 
 purea tincta, seu omnino purpurea, submargaritacea; car' 
 dine recto; umbonibus haud conspicuis, haud excavacis; 
 margine interna^ cardinein versus sa^pe crenulato. 
 
 Animal /luvore cupreo tinctum. 
 
 Var. laticaudata. Null, ms. : t. omnino purpurea, mar- 
 gine producto, undato; cardinem versus, denticulis con- 
 spicuis instructo. 
 
 Hab. Vancouver Is., a 2-." Injscssur fond de vase, Lord^ 
 20 305 
 
— 138 — 
 
 Shoalw.iliT Ray, Cdopvr, Nccali Bay et Talooche Is., 
 i»itvf/i (Var.) Mnnli'it'j, Sntlall. 
 
 ?Var. expansn : t. omniW' phnuitn, per totuin siiprrfi- 
 ct'rm (iffxxn ; extus, maryinem versus Inminala, purpureo 
 radiata; intus, olicaceo-rufu, liyitmento pario, in medio 
 undato,solidiore. 
 
 Ilab. S. INdio, Cooprr. 
 
 ?Var. riifoidfs : t. • O. Virginicce • j'lin. simili; sed te- 
 nuissima, luteo-rufa, ititus rufo tinctu; umbonibiis coti' 
 cavis. 
 
 Hab. S. Diego, Cussidfj, Cooper. Fossile a San Pablo, 
 20 picds aii-dessiis de la liaiilc maroe, \eicberrfj. 
 
 Les lluUres de California, dans Icur elat ordinaire, 
 comme on les Irouve an Shoahvaler Bay (Oregon), onl a 
 peu pres la couleiir et I'aspect de [elites Elhcries. I.es 
 individus des mers plus diandes ont I'air d'etre ties-dis- 
 lincts; m.iis, d'apres le docleur Cooper, qui a ime grandc 
 experience de la matiere, ce ne sont que des vari( tes. Je 
 ne pouvais pas prendre pour nom specifique cehii que le 
 professeur Nutlall avail donne en manuscrit a une forme 
 accidenleile. Quant aux aulres formes, assez conjitantes 
 dans leurs diverses localites, je leur ai donne des noms 
 qui pourront servir a les designer soil comme especes, 
 soit comme varietes, lorsqiie, plus tard, la cnnnais- 
 sance d'un plus grand nombre d'individus permettra 
 d'avoir une opinion definilive en ce qui les concerne. La 
 variele rufoides a beaucoup de rasped de 10. Virginica 
 (Maz. Cat., n°. 212). Elle etait designee sous le nom « O. 
 ?rvfa » par le docleur Gould ; mais je suis porte h croire 
 que I'espece de Lamarck est une variele des lluilres allan- 
 tiques, allendu que les co(|uilles do >a haute (^alifoinie 
 n'^laient pas connues a I'epoque ou il a ecrit. 
 
 306 
 
— 139 — 
 
 8. TORNATELLA Pr.NCTOCiF.LATA. 
 
 T. t. tcnui, satis elongata, omidea; cinerca, fusciis 
 dimbus latis fuscis ornata; vertice nucleuso decUviter cce- 
 lato; anfractibus normalibus 4 vix convexis , suturis 
 distinctis; tola superficie sulcis subdistantibus ccclata. 
 punctis impressis seriatim disposilis, quarnm 7-9, in 
 spira monstrantur ; basi ovali; apertura latiore; lal>ro 
 acittOy antice sinuato; labio indistincto ; plica acuta de- 
 clivijuxtaparietemjtaudeastante; columella antice torta. 
 Long. '2, long. spir. '06, lat. '09, poll.: div. 50°. 
 
 llab. Santa-Crux, Rowell. — San Diogo, Cooper. 
 
 Celte e«pece est un pen aberranle, a cause de son o«- 
 verlure large, de son pli rcporte pros du bord parietal el 
 de sa rolumcile lorilue comme celle des Bullina. La cise- 
 lure des tours resscmble aux impresM'ons que lui.^serait unc 
 serie de pelils colliers. 
 
 9. Cyliciina planata. 
 
 C, t.parva, cylindracea, subelongata, alba, Ictvi, epi- 
 dermide straminea induta; marginibus fere para lie lis ; 
 spira planata, hand umbilicata, hand mamillata; anfrac- 
 tibus i convolutis, suturis parum impressis ; basi modice 
 effusa; labro tenui, in medio satis producto, antice late 
 arcuato, postice parum sinuato, haud canaliculuto, sutu- 
 ram versus satis rotundato; labio distincto, postice sub- 
 calloso : columella plica satis exstante, axi basim circum- 
 yyrante. Long. 'W, lat. 'Ooo, jso/^ ; div. 480". 
 
 Hab. Sun Diego, Cassidy. 
 
 On n'a trouve qu'un seul echantillon de cette petite 
 espece, qui est intermediaire entre les Cyliciina et les 
 Tornalina. 
 
 307 
 
— 140 — 
 Genus LOTTIA. 
 
 = Lollt'a, Gray, pars. 
 
 =: AcmcBa, sen TecUtra, seu Patella^ pars, auct. 
 = Tecturdia, Cpr. Brit. Assoc. Rep. 18G1, p. 137; 
 non Stimpson, Invert., Grand-Manan. 
 
 Testa Patellis quibusdum seu Helcioni similis; ple- 
 rtimque planata, solida, apice anteriori. 
 
 Animal margine pallii intus papillis lamellosis circa 
 dorsum luteraque ins true to, regione capitis interrupt is; 
 pede elongato, ovali, planalo ; branchia minima. 
 
 Ce genre est intermediaire entre les AcmcBu et les Scur- 
 ria. Dans les Acmaea, le manteau est simple; dans les 
 Scurria, il est garni, sur toutesa circonference, depapiiles 
 qui, a premiere vue, offrent I'apparehce des branchies des 
 vrafes Palelles; chez les Lottia, on trouve ces papilles sur 
 le corps, mais non sur la l6te de I'animal. De plus, la 
 branchie, qui est ordinairement allongee et en forme de 
 plume cliez les Acmcea, et triangulaire chez les Scurria, 
 est tres-petile dans le genre qui nous occupe. II serait 
 prematura de voulolr fixer definitivement les caracteres 
 conclnliologiques du genre Loltia, quoique le type soit 
 tres (lilTerent des Palelles ordinaires ; car il est possible 
 que quelques-unes des especes que Ton considere actuel- 
 lement comme des Palelles se trouvent 6tre des Loltia, 
 lors(|u'on aura eu I'occasion d'observer leurs animaux. 
 
 On sail qu'il y a quatre noms employes pour designer 
 Ips Palelles h branchie de petite dimension. Acmwa est le 
 premier en date, ayant ^te public dans I'appendice du 
 voyage de Rolzebue. J'aurais voulu conserver pour ce 
 groupe le vocable geiierique Tectura, employe (apres 
 
 Milne Kdwards) par Grav et MM. Adams : mais je trouve 
 
 308 
 
— 141 — 
 
 que Sowerby sen., dans son Grn'ra, a fgiire lespece 
 origlnale cotnme type de son « Lollia, Gray. » 
 
 C'est le doiteiir Cooper qui, le pronjier, a ob>ierve et 
 sigriale les parliculariles de Tanima! ; mais la diagnose 
 que je viens de doniier est le resiillal des eludes dii dnc- 
 teur Alcock, qui a succede an capilaine Brown romme 
 curaleur du Musee d(^ Manchester. II a fait I'anatoniie de 
 prcsquo toutes les Palelles de la c6te ouest d'.^merique; 
 mais je ne veux pas aniiciper sur ses decouvertes. Voici la 
 diagnose de I'espece typique. 
 
 10. LoTTi.\ GiGA>TE.\, Gray. 
 
 L. t. magna, crassiore, planata, expansa, texlura sa'pius 
 extus spongiosa; nucleo minore, corneo, nigro-fuscn, an- 
 cijliformi, vertice mamillato, subelevato; dein elongnta, 
 postice grisea, undulatn ; t. adulcscente verrucosa, radiis 
 obscuris, antice hand verrucosis; t. adulia plus muiusvt 
 lata, plus minusve radiata sen verrucosa; apice plus 
 minusve a margine rertioto; parte antica seu haud exstante, 
 seu circiter per quintam totius longitudinis projiciente, 
 parte postica plus minusve elevata, convexa; extus ut in 
 • Acmcea pelta 'picta, albido-grisea. fusco-olivaceo coniost 
 irregulariter strigata : intus, plerumque testudinaria. 
 margine lata, nigro; spectra definito, seu rarius ulbido , 
 cicatrice musculari fortiore, intcrdam purpurea seu via- 
 iaceo tincta. 
 
 Long. sp. normalis) 2*6, lat. 2'05, alt. '1 . poll. A. 
 
 Long. {sp. variantis) 2'95, lat. 2 35, alt. '8, poll. B, 
 
 On mesure de Vapex jusqu'au bord anleiicur, dans le 
 sp. A. '45. 
 
 On mosnre de Yapex jusqu'au b;»r.l onteriour. dans (e 
 sp. B, 05. 
 
 309 
 
— U2 — 
 
 L'alliliide tl<; IV/pr'.r en sp. A est de G. 
 
 L'alliluile do Yapex en sp. B n'csl que de '35. 
 
 = Tecliirclla gr(indi<i, (.pr. Bril. A.^soc. Rep., Inc. cit., 
 ou Ton pent voir quelquos details sur les variations de 
 celle espece remarquable. 
 
 H. BlTTICM (?VAR.) ESrniENS. 
 
 B. t. « B. filoso • simili, sed miilto minore, graciliore^ 
 interdum valde attenuata; sculplura I. juniore ut in 
 « B. filoso; . sed t. adulta subobsolcta, inlersliliis hand 
 imculpiis. Long. -27, long. spir. '\Q, lat. 'QSo, poll. : 
 div. 25°. 
 
 ll.ib. Necoh Bay, Swan. Sla. -Barbara, Jewell. — iMon- 
 terey, San I'edro, Cooper. 
 
 Bion que j'aie vu beaucoup d'individus de cette forme, 
 et un pbis grand noinbre encore du li. flosiim, Gbl. 
 [z= Jurrilvlla r^schricliti, Jlidd. =z Acirsa Eschrichti, 
 Adams. Genera), jc ne puis pas decider avec une certitude 
 comi'lete si c'cst une veritable espece, ou seulemont une 
 varielii dogradee et, pour ainsi dire, afiamee (^surjcws) du 
 li. fihsum, qui, d'ailleurs, ne varie pas. Comme le li. fi- 
 losum ne s'etend pas aussi loin au sftd, il est probable que 
 les erhanlillonscalifornicnsdoivent elreconsideres comme 
 di-tincls, tandis que les individus de la region Vancouve- 
 rieniie peuvent etre reunis au B. filosiim. fous les indi- 
 vidus qu'on a envoy's etaient tres-roules. 
 
 12. BiTTICM ATTENCATUM. 
 
 B. t. valde gracili, attenuata; an fr. nucl... [de Iritis); 
 
 normalibus 10 planatis, siituris haudimpressis; t. juniore 
 
 lirulis spiralibus 2 unticis conspicuis, aliis posticis pamm 
 
 conspicuis, supra costulas circiter \ \ . radiantes transeun- 
 
 310 
 
— 143 — 
 
 tibus; t adulta coshdis et linilis antwis obaoletis; lir'ulis 
 2. sutundibiis ; basi prolongata, striis circiter 6 ornata; 
 apertura ovati; columella intorta, panim emnryinata. 
 Long, 'h, long. spir. '31, Int. -W^poll. : div. 18". 
 
 Hfib. Monterey, Taylor. — Neeali Bay, Sican. 
 
 Je n ni vu qn'un seul dchnnlillon en bon ctat de cette 
 espece. Elle a la taille du li. plicalum, A. Ad., mais la 
 sculpture de la base est diffcrenle. 
 
 15. ?BlTTIDM QUADniFILATCM. 
 
 ?B. t. satis tereti, pallide cinerea, tenuiaculpta ; anfr. 
 niicleosis.primo omnino ca?lato,?sinistrali, dein 2 IcevibuSy 
 rotiindatis, apice quasi mamillatn; anfr. normalibiis 7 
 subplanatis; suturis valde impressis, baud sculpt is ; cos- 
 tulis radiantibus circ. 16-22, angustis, subrectis, anfr. 
 vlt. crebrioribus, suturam versus evanidis: fits spiralibus 
 semper cequalibus, supra spiram 4 angustis, expressis, 
 coslulas transeuntibus , hand nodulosis; f lis duabus alteris, 
 inter qiias sutura sita est; basi tenue striata; columella 
 intorta, parum effusa; apertura ovata; labia parvo, labro 
 tenui, parum arcuato. Long. "26, long. spir. '\8, lat. "09, 
 poll: div. 25° 
 
 II il). S. Pedro, Cooper. — S. Diego, Cassidy. 
 
 Dans oetle espece et dans quclques aulres tres voi- 
 sinos, les B aspcnim et li armifla'um, par exempic, le 
 nucleus est tres- different de celui des Biltium typiques. 
 II est probable qu'ellcs n'appartiennent pas au mftme 
 genre. 
 
 14. Bauleeia subtexuis. 
 
 B. t. parva, tenui, interdum subdiaphana, rufo-cornea, 
 
 anfr. nucleosis normalibus, apice submamillato; normali- 
 
 bus 4, platuttis, suturis dislinctis; basi rotundata; aper- 
 
 311 
 
tura subovata, peritremate continuo; Inhro acuto; Inhio 
 distincto, lacunam umbilicalem formante; columella sub- 
 amjulata opercitlo semilunato, dense rufovinoso, subho- 
 mogeneo, hand spirali, rudi; apophijsi prcelonga antice 
 columellam versus exsiante. Long. -11, long. spir. '07, 
 lat. -06, poll. : div. 40°. 
 
 Hab. S. Diego, Cassidj/: sur I'herbe, Cooper. — Cape 
 St. -Lucas, Xautus. — Mazatlan, Rngen. 
 
 Si i'on juge seulemenl d'apres !a co(|iiiIIe, on ne pent 
 giiere separer cette espece dospetites variclosdegradces de 
 VHydrobia ulvce d'Eiirope. J'avais rapporlt' a celle espece 
 qnelques individus, en tres-mauvais t'tal, de la collection 
 Reigen (Maz. Cat., n^ilT). Mais les individus frais qui 
 out ete recueillis, grice au zele du docteur Cooper, pos- 
 sedent I'opercule remarquable des Barlecia. 
 
 15. Bableeia (?subtemis, var.) rimata. 
 
 B. t. « B. subtenui » simili; sed paulum lumidiore; 
 anfructibus minus planat is; rinia umbiliculi conspicua. 
 
 Hab, S. Diego, Cassidy, Cooper. 
 
 Peut-6tre celte forme se trouvera-t-olle consliluer une 
 espece dislincte, lorsqu'elle sera mieux connue. 
 
 16. Bableeia haliotipiiila. 
 
 B. t. parva, turrita, Icevi, angustn, tenui, rufo-fusca; 
 marginibus spirce subrectis; anfr. nucleosis normnlibus, 
 vertice submamillato; norm. 5 subplanatis, suturis dii 
 tinctis; busi subplnnata, obsolete angulata; a per tura ova la, 
 peritremati baud continuo; lubro tenui; labio parum cal- 
 loso; columella vix arcuata; opercnlo ut in- B. subtenui . 
 Long. "1, long. spir. 06, lat. Go, div. 30". 
 
 Hab. Basse Cnliforiiie, sur la p.vrlie dorsalc d'une Da- 
 
 liolide, Rowell. 
 
 312 
 
If ** 
 +3 — 
 
 Cette espcce est voisinc du H. siih(enu's } die s'en dis- 
 tingue par sa taille beaucoup plus pelile, el su fonne plus 
 fiancee. 
 
 17. Drillia torosa. 
 
 D. t. acuminata, loevi, aurantio-fusca, epidermide au- 
 rantio-olivacea induta; anfr. nucleosis ?...{detritis); nor- 
 malibus 7 tumidioribus, sutui'is planatis; serie una tuber- 
 culorum vulidorum, subrotundaiorum, anfractu penuU 
 timo 8, anfr. ultimo hand obsolelis; regione sinus parvi, 
 rotundati paulum excavata; regione suturali haud 
 sculpta; canali longiore; columella recta; labio tenui; labro 
 acuta, postice sinuato. Long. '95, long. spir. '55, lot. -3, 
 poll. : div. 30°. 
 
 Hab. Monterey, Taylor, Cooper. 
 
 Cette espece, ainsi que d'autres PleurofomidcB caWhr ■ 
 nions, appartient a un groupe parliciilier, dont le D. iner- 
 mis. Hinds, peut filre consider^ comme le type. Pent etre 
 ces formes seraienl-elles mieux placeesdans le sous-genre 
 Clionella, qui est vraiment marin, d'apres les observations 
 du docteur Stimpson sur les especes du cap de Bonne- 
 Ksporance, et non pas Melanieii, comme I'a suppose le 
 docteur Gray, et romme Tent dit, apres lui, MM. Adams 
 et Chenu. 
 
 18. Drillia (?torosa, var.) aurantia. 
 
 D. t. « D. torosre » simili , sed aurantia ; linea suturali 
 expressa; interdum spiraliter sculpta. Long. '6, long, 
 spir. -32, lut. -28, poll.: div. 38°. 
 
 Hab. San Diego, Cassidy. — San Pedro, Cooper. 
 
 Les individus dcs localites meridionides etaienl tous en 
 
 mauvais 6tat, et je ne suis pas encore convaincu qu'ilsap- 
 
 parliennent a la meme espece. 
 
 313 
 
— 146 — 
 
 19. DniLLIA PEXICILLATA. 
 
 D. t. • D. inermi » forma et indole simili ; sed cinerca, 
 rufo-fasco dense penicillata ; lineolis creberrimis, inler- 
 dum diagonalibus, seu ziczucformibus, seu varie inter- 
 ruptis; anfractibus planatis, plicato-costatis, costulis cir- 
 citer H, ref/ione sinus minimi, lati, expansi interruptis, 
 postice nodosis; canali effusa. — Long. 1'33, long. spir. "To, 
 lat. '^2, poll. : div. 25°. 
 
 Kab. Cerros Is., basse Californie, Vealch. 
 
 Tons Ics individiis que j'ai vus de cette espere elaient 
 excessivement roulcs, mais on pout la rcconnailre Ires- 
 facilement a sa coloration elegante. 
 
 20. ? Dapiinella aspera. 
 
 ? D. t. parva, tenui, rufo-fiisca, gracili, angusta, fust' 
 formi, epidermide tenui induta; anfr. nucleosis'i Icevibus, 
 rerlice cantor lo ; normalibus {t. adolescente) i elongatis, 
 fenestratis, suturis distinctis ; costulis radinntibus circi- 
 tcr 13 angnslis, acutis, et costulis spiralibus, in spira 
 3, anfractu ultimo circiter 10, angustis, acutis, radiantes 
 superantibus , eleganter decussata : intersectionibus subno- 
 dalosis, interstitiis quadratis ; apertura elongata, an- 
 gusta, antice effusa; labro postice vix sinuato. — Long. 
 'W, long. spir. -09, lat. -08, poll.: div. So". 
 
 Hab. Monterey, Taylor. 
 
 Je n'ai vu de celle charmante petite coqiiille qu'un 
 seul eclianlillon Ires-frais, mais incompletement adulte. 
 Peut-filre se trouvera-t-elle mieux placee dans le genre 
 Milromorpha, A. Adams? 
 
 2i. Odostomia straminea. 
 
 0. t. • 0. inflata;, var. elttiori • simili, sed multo elo- 
 
 314 
 
- in - 
 
 tiore; hand inflata , epidermide stnnnincn, hnxid striti- 
 lata. — Lonrj. '18, long. spir. -OS, lat. •\, poll. : div. 40 . 
 
 Hab. basse Californie (sur la parlie dorsale d'une lla- 
 liotide], Howell. — Cnp St. -Lucas, Xanfus. 
 
 On peut farilemcnt di>linguer cetle espcce tie relies du 
 Nord par sa spire allongee et son epiderme d'un jaune 
 de paille. 
 
 22. CUEMMTZIA TRIDEXTAT.V. 
 
 Ch, t. [quoad genus) magna, compacta, latiore; casta- 
 nca, interdum fasciis palUdioribus; anfr. nucleosis 3 heli~ 
 coideis, apice conspicuo, marginibus spirce rectis parum 
 superantibus ; normalibus W subplanatis, stituris distinc- 
 tit; costis rectis acutis, interdum 19, interdum 24 tenusj 
 haud attingentibus, circa peripheriam haud subito evani- 
 dis ; interstitiis undatis, eleganter spiroliter sulcatis ; 
 sulculis circiter 8-10, costis haud superantibus; apertura 
 subquadrala ; labro intus tridcntato; columella tortnosa; 
 basi rotundata, — Long. "45, long. spir. '3'i),lat. '{2, poll.: 
 div. 16'. 
 
 Hab. Santa Barbara, Jewell. — Piigct Sound, Keuner- 
 ley — Monterey, San Pedro, Cooper. 
 
 Les trois dents de cette belle e^pece, c.ichees tout a fait 
 a rinterieur de rouverlure, comme dans plusiciirsespeces 
 du genre Obeliscus, ont ele, pour la premiere fois, ob- 
 83rvees sur un individu casse et roule de Santa Barbara, 
 Celui-ci a 22c6tes; celui de Monterey, 20; celui du nord, 
 19 ; et ceux de San Diego, 24. 
 
 23. Chemmtzia (?rar. ) acran'tia. 
 
 Ch. t. « Ch. chocolatce » simili, sedmulto minore, latiore, 
 haud tereti, aurantia; anfr. nucleosis?... [detritis); nor- 
 malibus 7 planatiSf suturis impressis; costulis radianti- 
 
 315 
 
— tiS — 
 
 biut circiter 26, haud expressis, ad pen'pheriam evanidis, 
 inti'rsti til's late iindatis; liwolis spimtibus aistaneis cre- 
 berrimis tola superficie ornata; bast subrotumlata; colu- 
 mella parum torta; apertura ovatn; lahro temii, acuta; 
 labia haud conspicuo. — Long. '23, long. spir. '16, lat. "07, 
 poll.: div. 20*. 
 
 Hab. Santa Barbara, Jeicelt. — Pugel Sound, Kennerley. 
 
 II est possible qu'on rtcnnnaisse plus tard que ce(te 
 espere est le jeune 3ge du Ch. tridentala : elle est inter- 
 mediaire enlre elle et le Ch. chocolala. 
 
 24. VOLUTELLA PIRIFORMIS. 
 
 V. t. parva, « V. margaritxilce » simili , sed aurantiaco 
 pnllide tincta ; antice nngustiore, magis eUmgata ; labia 
 conspicuo; labro postice parum sihii^ito. intus denticulis 
 minus expressis arnato; pUcis columeilaribus normalibuSf 
 acuiioribus, — Long. •\, lat. '065, poll. 
 
 Hab. San Diego, Cooper. — California, « Pacific Rail- 
 way exploring Expedition. » 
 
 Cette espoce ressemble au V. margarilula (Maz. Cat., 
 n" 589), mais elle est plus allongce en avant. Le genre 
 T'otu(6'i/a, Swainson (non d'Orbignj), correspond au genre 
 Closiade Gray. 
 
 23. OciNEDRA PouLSOM (Nult. ms.). 
 
 0, t. turrita, solida, luteoalbida, rufo- sanguine o spi- 
 raliter lineata; vertvie nucleosa parvo, Icevi, parum tu- 
 mente : t. juniore rhomboidea, haud varicosa, spira pla- 
 nata, peripheria subangulata, canali recta, longiare, la- 
 bro intus dentato, labia distincto, subcallaso : t. adulta, 
 anfr. 7 primis planatis, posticis tumidis ; suturis pla- 
 
 natis, sedarea postica concava; costis subvaricosis crebris. 
 
 316 
 
— 149 — 
 
 tumentihus, irregulnrihiis, anfractu ultimo 1, circiter 
 quinqiiies suhtiodu.sis; tola super ficie spiruliter crrhre in- 
 sculpta ; sidcis punctatis, rufosanguineis ; apertnrnovali; 
 labro acutiore, dursaliter tutnido, varicose, intus dentibus 
 validis circiter & 7nunito; Inbio solidc, sub suturam dente 
 valido parietali munito, super columellam culloso; canali 
 breviore, apcrto. — Lung. 85, long. spir. '96, lat. '93, 
 poll. : div. 38<>. 
 
 Hab. San Diego, Nullall. — Cerros Is., Vealch. — 
 Santa Barbara, Jewell. 
 
 Je r.'ai vu que trois individiis de cette belle ospece : 
 I'un d'eus, qui est lypi(|ue, porte le iiom <le u liuccmum 
 Pou'soni » dans la collection Nultall qui fail parlie dii 
 Musce brilanriiqiie : un serond, tres-jeune, el d'un as- 
 pect fort particulior, blen qu'il >ippartienne eviilemnicnt 
 a la m6me espece, a ele recueilli par le colonel Jewel! , 
 probablemenl aSaula Barbara (mais, d'apres son etiquette, 
 a Panama) : enfin celui du docteur Vealch provient de la 
 basse Californie, el il est en Ires-mauvais etat. Le premier 
 a ele dessine sur hois pour liustilulion Smithsonienne 
 par M. Sowerby. Comrne celle e>pece Interessante est 
 presque inconuue en France, j'ai cru devoir en donner 
 une description sufli^ammellt precise. p. p. c. 
 
 317 
 
N. 
 
 ON" 
 
 THE PLEISTOCENE FOSSILS 
 
 COLLECTED BY 
 
 COL. E. JEWETT. AT STA. BARBARA, CALIFORNIA i 
 
 •WITH 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 
 
 BY 
 PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol. 
 XVII., pp. 274—278, April, 1866. 
 
 (319) 
 
[From the Anvals Avn Maoxzink of NATfUAi. IIistort 
 for April ISfJfi.J 
 
 THE PLEISTOCENE FOSSILS 
 
 COLLECTED BY Col. E. JEWETT AT Sta. BARBARA, CALIFORNIA| 
 
 WITH 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 
 PHILIP p. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D. 
 
 The study of the recent and tertiary mollusks of the west coast 
 of America is peculiarly iiitere^tiiis; and instructive, for the fol- 
 lowing reasons. It is the larjrest unbroken line of coast in the 
 world, extending from 60° X. to 55° S., witiiout any material 
 salience e:t«;ei)t the promontory of Lower California. Being 
 flanked by an almost continuous series of mountain-ranges, the 
 highest in the New World, it might reasonably be supposed that 
 the coast-line had been separated from the Atlantic from remote 
 ages. The almost entire dissimilarity of its faunas from those 
 of the Pacific Islands, from which it is separated by an immense 
 breadth of deep ocean from north to south, marks it out as con- 
 taining the most isolated of all existing groups of species, both in 
 its tro|)ical and its temperate regions. When we go back in time, 
 we are struck by the entire absence of anything like the boreal 
 drift, which has left its ice-scratchings and arctic shells over so 
 large a portion of the '.emaining temperate regions of the northern 
 hemisphere, and also by the very limited remains of what can 
 fairly be assigned tc the Eocene age. The great bulk of the 
 land on the Pacific slope of North America (so far as it is not 
 of volcanic origin) appears to have been dejjosited during the 
 Miocene epoch. Here and there only are found beds whose 
 fossils agree in the main with those now living in the neigh- 
 bouring seas. To trace the corrcspoudcuces and ditfereucea 
 21 321 
 
3 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on Pleistocene Fossils 
 
 between these and their existing representatives may be expected 
 to present results analogous to those now being worked out 
 with sucli discerning accuracy from the various newer beds of 
 modern Kurope. 
 
 The Hrst collection of Galifornian fossils seen in the east was 
 made near Sta. Barbara by Col. E. Jewett in 1819; but no ac- 
 count was publislied of them before the list in the British Asso- 
 ciation Report (1803), p. 539. They consist of forty-six species, 
 of which twenty-nine are known to be now living in the Cali- 
 fornian seas, and others may yet be found there. Tlie following 
 ten are Vancouver species, some of which may travel down to 
 the northern part of California : — 
 
 Margarita pupil/a, Priene Oregonensis, 
 
 Ga/erus ftistigiatus, Trophon Orpheus, 
 
 Rittiuin fitusum, Clinjsodonius carinaius. 
 
 Lacuna solidida, C tafjulatus, and 
 
 Nutica clausa, C. dims. 
 
 Some of these are distinctly boreal shells, as are also Crepidula 
 grandis (of which Col. Jewett obtained a giant, 3.t inches long, 
 and which now lives on a smaller scale in Kamtsehatka) and 
 Trophon tenuisculptus (whose relations will be presently pointed 
 out). So far, then, we have a condition of things differing from 
 that of the present seas, somewhat as the Red Crag differs from 
 the Coralline. But in the very same bed (and the shells are in 
 such beautiful condition that they all appear to have lived on 
 the spot, which was perhaps suddenly caused to emerge by 
 volcanic agency) are found not only tropical species which even 
 yet struggle northwards into the same latitudes (as Ckione 
 svccincta), but also species now found only in southern regions, 
 as Cardium grnnifentm and Pecten jloridus. Besides these, 
 the following, unknown except in this bed, are of a distinctly 
 tropical type, viz. : 
 
 Opalia, var. insculpta. ' Pisania fortis. 
 
 Chrijsallida, sp. 
 
 From a single collection made only at one spot, in a ?c\v 
 weeks, and from tke very fracmentarv information to be derived 
 from the collections of the Pacific Railway surveys (described by 
 Mr. Conrad, and tabulated in the Brit, Assoc. Report, 1803, 
 pp. 589-596), it would be premature to draw inferences. \Ve 
 shall await with great interest the more complete account to be 
 given by Mr. Gabb in the Report of the California Geological 
 Survey. With the greatest urbanitv, that gentleman has sent 
 his doubtful Pleistocene fossils to the writer, to lie compared 
 Aith the living fauna; but it would be unfair here to give any 
 
from Sta. Barbara, California. 8 
 
 account of them, except that they coiiticin the foregoing state- 
 ments in their gener.il character. 
 
 The following are diagnoses of the new species in Col. Jewett's 
 collection. 
 
 Turritella Jeweltii. 
 
 T. testa sati* tereti, haml tenni, cineroa nifo-fn^co tincta ; anfr. 
 subjilanatis, siituris distinctis; linilis distaiitihiis (([uanun t. jun. 
 diiae extantiores) et striolis subobsolelis (i[>iralil)us cincta ; basi 
 parum angulata ; apertura subquadrata ; lai)ro teuui, niodice si- 
 nuato. 
 
 Hub. Sta. Barhara, Pleistocene formation [Jewett). San Diego, 
 on beach [Cussidy). 
 
 This species comes nearest to T. sanr/idnea, Rve., from the 
 Gulf, but differs in the faintness of the sculpture. Mr. Cassidy's 
 specimens may be washed fossils, or very poor recent shells. 
 
 Biltium "iai^perum. 
 
 B. testa B. qundrifilato forma, magiiitndine, et indole simili, sed 
 scu'iptura intcnsiore ; eodr-m vertice nncleoso abiiormali ; sod, vice 
 filorum, costulis spiralibus costas s|)irales suijerautiijiis, suljiiodu- 
 losis ; t. jun. costulis ii. anticis niajoribus, alteris iniuimi.* ; |)ostea 
 pleruiiKjue iv. sul)te(pialibus, interduui iii. interdum aliis inter- 
 cnlautibus ; sculptura basali intensiore ; costis radiaiitibus sub- 
 arcuatis. 
 
 ? =: Turboailla a/^pera, Gabb, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila- 
 delphia, 18G1, p. 3(i8. 
 
 Hdb. Sta. Barbara, fossil in Pleistocene beds; abundant (7i°//W/'l. 
 S. Pedro, S. Diego, Catalina Is. 30-J.O fms. [Cooper), State Col. 
 no. 591 c. 
 
 Mr. Gabb informs me that his Turbonilla aspera is a Bif/ium. 
 Unfortunately the type is not accessible; and as the (Uagnosis 
 would tit several closely allied species, it cannot be said with 
 precision to which it rightfully applies. As this is the com- 
 monest of the group, it is presumed that it is the " Turbonilla'* 
 intended. Should the type, however, be recovered, and prove 
 distinct, this shell should take the name of B. rurjntnin, under 
 which I wrote the diagnosis, and which was unfortunately 
 j)rintcd in the Brit. Assoc. iU'port, p. 539. The fossil specimens 
 are in much better condition than the recent shells as vet dis- 
 covered. 
 
 Bittium armilhttwn, 
 
 B. testa B. aspero simili ; anfr. nncl. ii. hevibus, tnmentibns, vertice 
 deelivi, celato ; dein anfr. ix. nonnalibns planatis, suturisiinpressis; 
 t. adolescente seriebus nodiilorum tribus spiralibus cxtantibus, 
 supra costas iustrnetis; co-^tis radiantibus circ. xiii. fere paralleli.-, 
 
 
4 Br. P. P. Carpenter on Pleistocene Fussils 
 
 serichns, a sutnris sepsratis, spiram ascenrlcntibus ; t. arlnlfa, 
 costulis spiralibus, interdum iv., intercalantihus ; costulis ratliaiiti- 
 bus crebprrimis; costis suturalibus ii. validis, baud nodosis : basi 
 efi"ii>a, liris rirc. vi. ornata ; apertura subquadrata; labro labiuque 
 tenuibus ; columella vixtorsa, effusa, vix emargiiiata. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene, 1 sp. {Jewel f). S. Pedro, 
 S. Diego {Cooper). 
 
 The scul|)tare resembles Ccrithiopsis ', but the columella is 
 pinched, not notched. 
 
 Opnlia {?crennfoides, var.) inscufpta. 
 
 O. testa O rrp))nti>i(lei simili ; sed costis radiantibus pluribus, xiii.— 
 XVI., in spira validis ; ant'r. ult. obsolctis ; sculj)tiira spirali nulla ; 
 puuctis fiuturalilms minus impressis, circa fasciam basalem Isevem 
 postice, uoH antice coutinuis. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene, 1 sp. {.Teivett). 
 
 Vcrv closely related to O. crenatoides, now living at Cape 
 St. Lucas, and, with it, to the Portuguese O. crenata. It is 
 quite possible that the three forms had a common origin. 
 
 Trophon temtisciilpfus. 
 
 T. testa T. Barricensi simili, sed sculfitura minus cxtante ; vertice 
 nuclt'oso miuimu ; anfractibus uno et diniidio Isevibus, apice acute; 
 normalilius v., tuuiidis, postice sul)angulatis. suturis impres?is ; 
 costis radiantibus x.-xiv., plenmique xii., liRud varicof'is, nir<rustis, 
 obtusis ; liris spiralibus niiijoribu!*, distantibus, quarum ii.-iii. in 
 spira monstrautur, aliis intcrcalaiitibus, supra co^las ladiantes 
 undatim transcuntibus ; tota sujxificie lirulis incrrmcuti, ^upra 
 liras sjiiralcs scjuiuuosis, elegauter oniata ; canali longiore, sub- 
 recta, vix clausa ; labro acutiore, postice et iiitus iucras^.tto, dtuti- 
 bus circ. v. munito ; labio conspicuo, Isevi ; columella torsa. 
 
 Hab. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene formation {Jewett). 
 
 This very elegant shell is like the least-sculptured forms of 
 T. Barviccnsis, from which it appears to differ in its extremely 
 small nucleus. It is very closely related to T.jinibriatu'us, A. Ad., 
 from Japan, but differs ii '<xture, and is regarded by Mr. Adams 
 as distinct. It stands on the confines of the _ lus, there bt;iug 
 a slight columellar twist, as in Peridenda, 
 
 Pisania fortis. 
 
 P. testa P. insiffni simili, sed solidiore; crnssissimn, sculptura valde 
 impressa ; antr. iioim. v., paium roluiidatis, suturis distinctis; 
 costis radiantibus t. juuiore circ. xii., obtusis, parum ex|)ressis, 
 postea obsoletis ; liris ^pirnlibus validis, crebris (((uaruni t. juniore 
 v., postea X., in spira mouslrautur), subeequahbus, auticis niajuii- 
 
 324 
 
r, 
 
 J 
 
 'rom Sta. Barbara, California. 
 
 bus; ranali rccurvata ; lacuna umhilicali masna ; • labro intus 
 crebrilirato ; labio conspicuo, spiraliter rugose lirato. 
 
 Hub. Sta Barbara, Pleistocene formation [Jewett). 
 
 Col. Jewett's single specimen is in very fine condition, and is 
 confirmed by a fragment obtained by Mr. Gabb, the pala;onto- 
 loirist to the California State Survey. Althoiiu;h resemblinj' 
 Purjttira aperia and congeners in the irregular rugose folds of 
 the labium, and Sip/wiuilia in the strongly bent canal, Mr. II. 
 Adams considers that its affinities are closest with the Catdharus 
 group of Pisania. That genus is extremely abundant in the 
 tropical fauna, but does not now live in California. It is the 
 only distinctly tropical shell in the whole collection; and its 
 presence, along with so many boreal species and types, appears 
 somewhat anomalous, like the appearance of Valuta and Cassi- 
 daria in the Crag fauna. It is distiniiuished from the extreme 
 forms of /*. insifjuis by having the s|)iral lirse pretty ecjually dis- 
 tributed over the early whoils, by the close internal ribbing of 
 the labrum, by the absence of the stout posterior irietal tooth, 
 and by the great development of the columellar tuids. 
 
 Note. — Unfortunately, during the long interval which has elapsed 
 between the transmission of the MS. and receipt of the j)roof, the 
 types have been returned to the owner, and (with tlie remainder of 
 Col. Jewett's invaluable collection of fossils) have beconje the pro- 
 perty of a college in New York State. As they are |)acked in l)o\es, 
 and at present inaccessible, I am unable to give the mea?urenients ; 
 but the unique specimens were drawn on wood by Mr. Suwerby for 
 the Saiithsuuiau lustiiutiou. — P. P. C, Montreal, Feb. '12, 1866. 
 
 325 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 JV. B. Thr. iiitmhers icitlioiit cajiitiils refiir to the foot-paging in this volume: 
 those icilh cdpiluU to the original works i^iiottd in the list, O—X. 
 
 Acanthocbites ) 
 Acanthochiton ) 
 
 achates, 7-. 
 
 avicula, 9S, 136. 
 
 anagouites, loS, 252, 318, 
 P 1 98. 
 Acanthopleura 
 
 Culitoriiica, 135. 
 
 lliixa, 9S, 135, 
 
 ruusoosa, 16. 
 Acar 
 
 grailata, 69. 
 Achatiua 
 
 Albursi, P 175, 2S7. 
 
 Califoruica, 59. 
 
 comilaris, O 287. 
 
 coronata, O 295. 
 
 cylindracea, O 2S6. 
 
 fusiformis, 285. 
 
 Isabelliua, 2S6. 
 
 Liebinanui, 295. 
 
 octona, 44. 
 
 puluhella, P 177. 
 
 Sowerbyana, 2S6, 
 
 streptostyla, 295. 
 
 tortillana, O 286. 
 
 turris, 59, P I7S. 
 
 zebra, P 176. 
 Acicula 
 
 turris, P I7S' 
 Acila 
 
 insignis, 73. 
 
 castrensis, 88, 91, 98, 130, 
 165. 
 
 Lyalli, 130. 
 
 Acirsa 
 
 borealis, 245. 
 Eschrichtii, 310. 
 meiiesthoides, 104, 217. 
 Aclis 
 
 ascaris, P 438. 
 
 fusiformis, O 260, 335, P 437, 
 tumens, O 260, 335, P 43S. 
 Acmeea 
 
 ffiruginosa, 19, 84, 2S3, O 
 
 319- 
 ancylus, 174, 215, P 208, 
 
 V 221. 
 fancyloides, 19, 215. 
 Antillarum, P 203, O 364. 
 Asmi, 19, 23, 136. 
 atrata, 27, 104, 152, 213. 
 biradiata, 268 
 cantharus, 214. 
 cassis, 7, 173, O 178, 290, 
 
 O 319, O 348. 
 far. cinis, O 233. 
 Cfeca, 19. 
 
 cribraria, 16, 211, 319. 
 diaphana, 319. 
 digitalis, 7, 136, 174, 319. 
 discors, 60. 
 dorsuosa, 72. 
 fascicularis, 108, 268, 233, 
 
 239, O 252, O 319, 351, 
 
 O 364, P 203, P 206, P 210, 
 
 P546. 
 fimbriata, O 319. 
 floccata, 268. 
 (?floccata, var.) filosa, 267. 
 
 (13) ' 
 
14 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Acmasa 
 
 (?ll()ucata, tar.) subrotunda, 37, 
 268, 
 
 gigantea, 229, O 233, 297. 
 
 gramlis, O 2S2, O 283, O 297, 
 0319,0351. 
 
 instabilis, 212. 
 
 Kochii, O 229, O 233. 
 
 var. Hmulata, 26, 136, 151. 
 
 liveacens, 319. 
 
 niamillata, 7, O 173, 199, 
 O 215, V 222. 
 
 marmorea, 173, O 199, 215, 
 V 222. 
 
 Mazatlaiidica, 319. 
 
 niesoleuca, 16, 24, 27, 104, 197, 
 214, O 208, 209, 229, 
 233, 239, O 241, O 252, 
 276, 2S3, O 319, 348, 
 352, O 366, P 203, P 206, 
 
 p 208, p 210, p 546. 
 
 xnitflla, 24,92, loS, 0236,0319, 
 252, 291, 364, P 210, 
 
 P 538. 
 mitia.O 173,0177,0199,0212, 
 
 O 213, 215, V 222. 
 
 mouticola, 72. 
 
 var. uioiiticula, 72. 
 
 mutabilis, 239, O 252, P 203, 
 P 205, P 206, P 546. 
 
 Oregona, 170, 229,0 233, 240. 
 
 paleacea, 227, 229, U 204. 
 
 patiua, 16, 23, 48, 48, 49, 69, 72, 
 92, 104, 136, 170, 214, 173, 
 O 174,0 190, O 198,0 199, 
 209, 215, 219, 229, 
 O 233, O 252, O 290, 291, 
 O 319, 347, 348, 351, 
 O353, P203, P 207, V 221. 
 
 pelta, 16, 19, 23, 26, 48, 49, 84, 
 92, 136, 214,309,0 162,0173, 
 199, 223, O 291,0 319, 
 V 221. 
 
 persona, 16, 19, 23, 26, 84, 136, 
 
 151, 170,0 174, 175,0 199, 
 
 229, 233, O 252, 291, 
 
 Acmaea 
 
 o 348,0 351,0 353, P 208, 
 
 V 221. 
 
 personoidea, 215, 319, P 
 
 203, 
 pileolus, 215, 319. 
 (?pileolus, var.) rosacea, 136. 
 pintadina, 92, 229, O 233, 
 radiata, O 174, 215, P 208, 
 
 V 221. 
 rosacea, 100, 136. 
 
 scabia, 13, 23, 26, 84, 136, 151, 
 O 199, O 213, O 229, 233, 
 252, O 282, O 319, 349, 
 0351,0352,0353, V222. 
 
 scurra, O 190, 215, V 222. 
 
 scutum, 19, 170,0 173,0 190, 
 215, O 219, P 207, P 209, 
 
 V 221, V 222. 
 
 ?Sieboldi, 69. 
 
 spectrum, 16, 23, 26, 84, 136, 
 151, O 199, 213, 229, 
 O 233, 0319,0351, V 222. 
 
 striata, O 319, 360. 
 
 strigatella, 152, 214, 268. 
 
 strigillata, 104. 
 
 subrotundata, 268. 
 
 tessellata, 229, 233. 
 
 testudinalis, 92, O 219, 366, 
 P - 
 
 textiliii.., 213, 319. 
 
 var. textilis, 151. 
 
 toreuma, O 319, 349. 
 
 var. umbonata, 136. 
 
 vernicosa, 24, 268. 
 
 verriculata, O 229, O 233. 
 
 vespertina, 268, 319. 
 
 (?vespertina, far.) Ternicosa, 
 
 37- 
 virginea, 136. 
 
 Acrolozus 
 
 Nuttalli, 161. 
 Acrybia 
 
 aperta, 7i> 
 Actinia 
 
 Candida, Q 235. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 15 
 
 Actinocyclus 
 
 isaudiegeiisis, 94. 
 ActinoboluB 
 
 bureiilid, 70. 
 
 ventrifosus, 17. 
 Acua 
 
 luctiiosus, P 387. 
 Adamsiella 
 
 O.-beiti, 44. 
 Adeorbis 
 
 abjeotus, iSS, 190, O 273. 
 
 8cab«r, O 295, O 322, P 354. 
 
 Verrauxii, 62. 
 Admete 
 
 arctica, 71, 329. 
 
 crispa, O 217. 
 
 viriiiula, 71,0 329 
 Adrana 
 
 lauceolata, 131. 
 Adula 
 
 ciuuamomea, 38, 237. 
 
 falcata, 21, 26, 130, 237, 
 
 parasitica, 237. 
 
 soleniformis, 236. 
 
 stylina, 85, 113, 130, 155, 237. 
 ^gopsis 
 
 cultellata, 159. 
 iEneta 
 
 barpa, 1 10. 
 iEolis 
 
 iodinea, 94, 95. 
 
 Barbarensis, 95. 
 
 opalescens, 94, 95. 
 
 pinnata, 313. 
 Agaronia 
 
 Liatula, O 177, O 366, P 472, 
 
 P473- 
 Steerioe, O 366. 
 testacea, 24, 28, 153, 155, 178, 
 
 O 340, 282, O 366, P 272, 
 
 P473- 
 Aglala 
 
 fidelis, 157. 
 infutnata, 157. 
 Akera 
 
 culcitella, 227, U 203. 
 
 Alaba 
 
 alabastrites, 257, 327, P 
 
 368. 
 couica, O 257, O 327, P vi., 
 
 P368. 
 lagmicula, O 257, O 32S, P 
 
 369- 
 mutans, 257, O 328, P 367, 
 
 P 369, P 370. 
 scalata, O 257, 327, P 36S. 
 supialirata, 109, 259, O 257, 
 
 O 327, O 364, P 366, P 367, 
 
 P 369, P 530. 
 terebrans, 109, 257, 327, 
 
 P367. 
 tervaricosa, 364. 
 violacea, 257, O 327, P 367. 
 Alasmodon 
 
 } 
 
 Alasmodonta 
 
 ari-uata, O 211. 
 
 falcata, 85, 120, O 210, 211, 
 O 212, O 213, O 234, 310. . 
 niargarifera, nir. O 210. 
 YubaiJusis, 117, 120. 
 Aletes 
 
 ceutiquadrus, 24, 27, 37, 42, 43, 
 loS, 194, O 324, 255, 275, 
 P 301, P 306. 
 Tcentiquadrus, rar. imbricatus, 
 
 42, 255, P 303. 
 margaritaruiii,42,0 255, 324, 
 
 P 303. 
 Perouii, 282, 324. 
 squamigerus, 43, O 200, O 233, 
 
 o 324, o 349, P 303. P 304, 
 
 I V 226. 
 
 Alora 
 
 I Gouldii, 24, 40. 
 
 Alvanis. 
 
 eflFusa, 257, 327, P 359. 
 excurirata, O 257, O 327, P 359, 
 
 P360. 
 filosa, 114, 142, 241. 
 inconspicua, 327. 
 reticulata, iHi i42| 241. 
 terebellum, 327. 
 
le 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Alvanla 
 
 tuiuida, 36, 109, 189, 327, 
 
 O 357. P 359, P i<^' 
 
 turrita, O 327. 
 Amalia 
 
 ouluiiibiana, 159. 
 Amaltbea 
 
 eflFodiens, R 5- 
 
 Grayaiia, P 299, R 4. 
 
 Paiiauiellbis, P 297, R 3. 
 Amiantis 
 
 callosa, 22, 26, 39, 106, 126, 151, 
 279. 
 Amicula 
 
 vestita, 71. 
 Amnicola 
 
 IliuUsii, 90. 
 
 longiiKjua, 79, 162, 283, 325. 
 
 Nuttalliana, 84, 162. 
 
 proteH, 79, 162, 283, O 325. 
 
 seiuinalis 84. 
 Amphidesma (=:Semele) 
 
 bicolor, 203, O 279. 
 
 Californicum, O 2S9. 
 
 corbuloid«3, 222. 
 
 corrugatum, 62, 
 
 decisum, 195, O 22S, V 213. 
 
 ellipticum, 39, 203, O 279. 
 . flavescens, O 226, U 199. 
 
 nucleolus, P 108. 
 
 physoides, P 105. 
 
 proximum, 39, 62, 203, 279, 
 O 2S9, P 28. 
 
 pulchrum, 203, O 188, 280. 
 
 punctatum, 182. 
 
 roseum, 195, O 228, V 213. 
 
 rubrolineatum, 195, V 212. 
 
 rupium, 182. 
 
 striosum, 39, 203, 280. 
 
 tortuosum, 203, 280. 
 
 venustum, P 28. 
 
 ventrioosiim, 39, 203, 280. 
 Amphichaena 
 
 Kindermanni, O 297. 
 
 regularis, 104, 210. 
 
 I Amphitbalamus 
 
 i iiitlusud, 2^, 100, 142, 283. 
 
 lacunatas, 99, 143. 
 AmpuUaria 
 
 cerasum, 291. 
 
 Cohiuibieusis, 155,0291. 
 
 Cumiugii, 179, 291, O 326. 
 
 nialleata, O 295, O 326. 
 Amusium 
 
 cauiiiium, 22, 70, 73, 74, Si, 131, 
 165, 169. 
 Amycla 
 
 Califurniana, 23, 14S. 
 
 clirysalloidea, 99, 148. 
 
 coruiculala, 2S8. 
 
 gausapala, 23, 25, 76, 114, 148, 
 
 149- 
 Gouldiana, 53. 
 uiiiiur, 288. 
 
 tubeiosa, 23, 25, 114, 148, 2S8. 
 andata, 99, 148. 
 Anachis 
 
 albonoJosa, 263, O 343, P 513. 
 
 atrameutaiia, iSo, 0361,0344. 
 
 aurillua, 112. 
 
 azora, O 225. 
 
 Californica, 25. 
 
 conspicua, iSo, 269, 344. 
 
 coronata, 25, 112, 151, 155, 263, 
 
 O 171,0343, P5oS,P 5.3. 
 costellata, 25, i8o,0 210, 225, 
 
 O 263, 343, 364 P 506, 
 
 P507. 
 fcostellata, var. O 263, 
 (?costellata, lar.) pacbyderma, 
 
 263, P 507. 
 costulata, 363. 
 diiuinuta, 25, iSo, O 269, O344. 
 fulva, 180, 263, 283, 343, 
 
 P509. 
 fluctuata, 25, 59, 61, 180, 344. 
 fuscostrigata, 105, 221. 
 Gaskoinei, 20, 53, 112,260,0263, 
 
 O343, P511. 
 fttcilis, 180, 344. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 IT 
 
 Anachls 
 
 Guatemalensis, 35, iSi. 
 
 leutiginotia, O 344. 
 
 lyrata, 25, 5 So, 344. 
 
 maculosa, 
 
 maesta, iSi, o .70, 344, P 509. 
 
 nigricans, 25, iSi, 344, 361, 
 
 P 509. 
 nigiofusea, O 263, 343, P 509. 
 nucleolus, O 343. 
 pallida, 112, 343. 
 parva, 344. 
 ?penicillata, 23, 150, 2SS. 
 pygmaea, 25, 35,112, 181,0263, 
 
 0343,0363,? 510, P511. 
 pvginrea, rar. 2S4, P 510. 
 pulchrior, 112. 
 rufotincta, 34, 263, 343, 
 
 P5U- 
 
 rugosa, 25,59, 181,0283,0344. 
 rugulosa, O 361,0 344. 
 scalarina, 35, iSo, 263, 343, 
 
 P505. 
 
 serrata, U2, 260, 343, 263, 
 P 509. 
 
 subturrita, 99, 150. 
 
 terpsicliort!, 364. 
 
 te^selata, O 270, 344. 
 
 tiiiota, 105, 221. 
 
 taeniata, 112, 260, 343. 
 
 vaiia, 25, iSi, 344, P 507. 
 Anatina 
 
 alta, 39, 204, 280. 
 
 aigentaria, 231. 
 Anculosus 
 
 Nuttalli, 162. 
 Ancylus 
 
 caurinus, 85, 161. 
 
 crassus, 161. 
 
 fragilis, 161. 
 
 Kootaniensis, 90, 161. 
 
 Newberryi, 161. 
 
 Nuttalli, 85. 
 
 patelloides, 120, 161. 
 Anellum 
 
 anuulatum, X 442, 
 2 
 
 Anellum 
 
 clathratum, 256, 324, X 442. 
 
 elegautissimuin, X 443. 
 
 felegautisbiuiuiu, tar. Searles- 
 Woodii, X 443. 
 
 eloiigatum, 256, 324, X 442. 
 
 -^^— var. seuiilaeve, X 442. 
 
 firmatum, 256, O 324, X 442. 
 
 Floridanum, X 442. 
 
 gracile, X 443. 
 
 gurgulio, X 442. 
 
 ?parvum, 324. 
 
 pulchelluui, X 442. 
 
 quadratuiu, 256, 324, X 442. 
 
 I ? car. couipactuin, X 442. 
 
 j regulare, X 443. 
 
 ! subiiupressum, 256, 324, 
 
 X 442. 
 
 trachea, X 442. 
 
 ? V(ir. obsoletum, X 442. 
 
 tuiuiduiii, X 442. 
 
 undatum, 256, 324, X 443. 
 Angulus 
 
 aiiiplectans, 155, 272, 
 
 decuiubens, 271. 
 
 Gouldii, 125, 151, 300. 
 
 modestus, 88, 125, 167. 
 
 obtusus, 125, 235. 
 
 tener, 88, 125, 167. 
 
 variegatns, 97, 113, 125, 235. 
 Anodon (=:AnodODta) 
 
 augulata, 17, 18, 86, 92, 120, 
 164, O 206, 210, 212, 
 O 297, 309. 
 
 auatina, O 222. 
 
 anseriua, P 117. 
 
 atrovirens, 295, 309. * 
 
 Californiensis, 77. 
 
 cellensis, 222. 
 
 cicoiiia, 170, 232, O 227, 
 O 309, O 248, P H7, U 202. 
 
 cognata, 17, 91, 210, O 212, 
 O310. 
 
 cornea, O 295, O 309. 
 
 feminalis, 17, 86, 120, 210, 
 212,0 213,0309. 
 
18 
 
 INDKX OF Sl'ECIES. 
 
 Anodonta 
 
 glaiica, 27, 30, 170, 227, 
 
 0248,030.;,? 117, P 550. 
 Leri-iilea, O 222. 
 implii-ata, P 1 17. 
 Moiitezutiia, O 265. 
 Nicaragufe, 295, 309. 
 Nuttalliaiia, 91, 164, O 197, 
 
 O 211, O 309, V 21S. 
 Oregonensis, 17, 86, 91, 164, 
 
 O 197, O 213, 309, V 
 
 218. 
 Randalli, 117, 120. 
 rotundovata, 117, 120. 
 siuuata, P i 17. 
 siiiuo.sa, 1' 117. 
 triangularis, 1 17. 
 triangulata, 120. 
 Wahlainateiisis, 86, 91,92, 120, 
 
 164, O 197,0 309, V 218. 
 Anomala 
 
 Cuiningii, O 287. 
 inllata, O 287. 
 insignia, O 2S7. 
 Anomalocardia 
 
 flesuo.sa, O 364, P 79. 
 suUmbricata, 23, 27, 38, 43, 55, 
 
 106, 201, O 170, O 247, 2S2, 
 
 O 306, P 79, P 80. 
 8ubrago:-a, 23, 201, O 229,0 232, 
 
 O 241, O 247, 282, 306, 
 
 o 364, P 79. 
 
 Anomia 
 
 Adamas, O 1S6, O 312, 359. 
 ephippium, O 222. 
 fidenas, O 186, O 312. 
 lampe, 24, 27, 38, 132, 151, 154, 
 
 195, 19S, O 192, O 20S, O 241, 
 
 O 250, 277, 281, O 286, 
 
 O 312, P 167. 
 macroschisraa, 85,0 203, 218, 
 
 O 221, O 222. 
 ollvacea, 72, 
 patelliformis, O 218. 
 RufBni, 76, 
 subcostata, 76,81. 
 
 Anomia 
 
 tenuis, 38, 198, O 277, O 312. 
 Apleza 
 
 aurautia, P 179, P iSo. 
 data, P I So. 
 bypnorniu, P 179. 
 Maugera;, P iSo. 
 Pernviaua, P iSo. 
 Aphrodite 
 
 loluuiba, 47. 
 Aplysia 
 
 Califoruiua, 95. 
 Area 
 
 aequilatera, i. 
 alteruata, 200, O 229, 277. 
 Auiericaua, O 249, P 139. 
 arata, 75. 
 auricnlata, O 277. 
 aviculoiiles, 3S, 200, 277. 
 barbata, var. P 140. 
 bicolorata, P 140. 
 bifrons, 249, O 310, P 134. 
 Braziliana, O 2S9. 
 brevifrons, 136, O 249, O 310. 
 canalis, So. 
 
 cardiiforniis,0 285,0289,0 310. 
 clathrata, O 249, P 142, P 143, 
 concinna, O 183, O 229, O 310. 
 congesta, 80. 
 devincta, O 367. 
 Domingensis, O 249, P 142, 
 donaciformis, O 249, P 142. 
 emarginata, 200, 183, 249, 
 
 O 277, O 310, P 137. 
 formoaa, 183, O 234, 310. 
 fusca, O 243, P 140. 
 gradata, 200, I75,0 229,0278, 
 
 P 141. 
 grandis, 23, 85, 153, 200, 260, 
 
 I, 160, O 175, O 183, 
 
 208, 226, O 229, O 234, 
 
 O 249, O ^278, 366, P 132, 
 
 P 134. 
 hemicardinm, 234, O 249 
 
 O 278, P 136. 
 Helbingii, 62, 278. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 19 
 
 Area 
 
 illota, rar. O 278. 
 irabriuata, O 249, P 139. 
 incougrua, O 249, P 134, P I33- 
 labiata, O 1S3, O 249, 310, 
 
 O 3(':>. P '34. 
 labiosa, O 249, P 134. 
 yiuri'la, 226. 
 microiloiita, 75. 
 niulticoslata, 27, 85, 102, 107, 
 
 130, 260, O 1S3, O 234, O 249, 
 
 O 310, P 134, P 136. 
 mutabilis, 200, P 139. 
 mix, 229, O 310. 
 Obisjwana, Si. 
 fovata, O 236, P 538. 
 Pacifica, O 229, O 282. 
 pectiniforniis, 10, 17S, 289. 
 p«rnoides, O 283, O 351. 
 pholadiformis, 38, 200, 278. 
 pusilla, P 142. 
 quadrilatera, O 183. 
 Reeviaiia, 62, 200, 278, O 310. 
 reversa, 200, 234, 278, 
 
 O 249, 310, P 136. 
 senilis, 31, 366, P 132. 
 setigera, P 140. 
 si mi lis, 38, 200, 229, 249, 
 
 O 27S, P 135. 
 golida, O 226, 278. 
 squamosa, P 142. 
 ?.>quamosa, 62, O 249. 
 Tabogensis, 200, 249, O 278, 
 
 P 141. 
 trilineata, 80. 
 
 trapezia, 14, O 202, 249, P 550. 
 tuberculosa, 14, 23, 38, 200, 
 
 O 183, O 202, O 229, 234, 
 
 249, 278, O 310, P 135. 
 umbonata, P 142. 
 vespertilio, 226. 
 Arcopagia 
 
 biplicata, 80, 81. 
 latnellata, 97, 125. 
 medialis, 80. 
 unda, 81. 
 
 Arcturus 
 
 rudis, 9. 
 Argina 
 
 bievifrotis, 31, 154. 
 A rgobuccinum 
 
 cancellatiiin, 33, 338. 
 
 Clu-ninitzii, O 33S. 
 
 iiodosum, 1S2, 261, O 270, 
 O 367, O 338, P 454, V 209. 
 
 Oregoiien.ae, O 338. 
 
 scaliruin, O 338. 
 Argonauta 
 
 arg". 99, "2, 150. 
 
 Iiians, 153. 
 
 rar. papyracea, 112. 
 Arianta 
 
 arrosa, 157. 
 
 Ayresiana, 158. 
 
 Bridge.sii, 158. 
 
 Call fori) iensis, 1 58. 
 
 Carpt'iiteri, 1 58. 
 
 Dupetitbouarsi, 158. 
 
 exarata, 158. 
 
 intercisa, 158. 
 
 levis, 158. 
 
 Mormoiuini, 15S. 
 
 Nickliniana, 157. 
 
 ramentosa, 15S. 
 
 rcdiniita, 157. 
 
 reticulata, 158. 
 
 Towusendiaiia, 157. 
 
 Traskei, 158. 
 
 tudiculata, 157. 
 Aricia 
 
 Arabiea, 11, P 374. 
 
 arabicula, 27, 109, 176, 258, 
 328, P 373, P 374. 
 
 caput-serpentis, P 374. 
 
 obvelata, P 374. 
 
 puiietulata, 24, 109, 155, 176, 
 O32S. 
 Arion 
 
 foliatus. 159, 313. 
 
 foliolatus, O 210. 
 Artemis 
 
 Dunkeri, 201,0 224,0278,? 61. 
 
20 
 
 INDEX OF SPEriEB. 
 
 Artemis 
 
 gi«;uit»»a, 60, O 352. 
 riiLilk-a, O 278. 
 poiiilerosa, (■>o, O 2S9, P ''to. 
 Baccata, 201, 227, O 240, O 278, 
 
 P62, S 161, U 201. 
 simplex, O 1S6, O 246, O 278, 
 
 2S7, pru. 
 
 suliquailrata, 186, P 62. 
 
 t.iini-i. O 2S1. 
 ?ABsiininea 
 
 dnbiosa, 275. 
 
 siilirotiindata, 114, 142, 241. 
 Astarte 
 
 Banksii, 178, 
 
 borealis, 219. 
 
 coinpacta, SS, 12S, ifiS. 
 
 coinpressa, SS, 12S, O 223, P 162. 
 
 corbis, 236. 
 
 corrugata, 219, O 223, 306, 
 
 347- 
 
 crassi<lens, O 175, O 347. 
 
 Dannioniensis, O 223. 
 
 I*>iiniiiialti, 128, 
 
 fliK-tuata, 97, 128. 
 
 tiarensis, O 221. 
 
 laotea, 20, 71, 72, 175, 219, 
 O 221, 347. 
 
 Oinalii, 128. 
 
 oiiiaria, 97. 
 
 orbicularis, 128, 236. 
 
 Scotica, 20, O 219, O 221, O 223. 
 
 spmisuloata, O 219,0 221,0347. 
 
 ?striata. O 1 78. 
 
 triancularis, O 336. 
 Asteronotus 
 
 alabastriiia, 94. 
 
 saiiguinea. 94. 
 Asthenothaerus 
 
 viUosior, 104, 209. 
 ?Atys 
 
 casta, 104, 212, 
 Aulns 
 
 pratidis, 12, 
 Auricula 
 
 acuta, 275. 
 
 Auricula 
 
 coiiciiiiia, 275. 
 infr»'(|Ueiis, O 275, 
 l'allaIJl^'I)si.^, O 275. 
 papiliiffra, 275, 
 stai^iialis, (> 275. 
 Taliogensia, O 275. 
 tiilinoata, 275. 
 Autonoe 
 
 rill 11 a, P loS. 
 Avicula 
 
 Atlantica, 227, O 236, 249, 
 
 O 364, P 148, P 538. 
 barbata, 50. 
 Cuiningii, 50. 
 fiiiibriata, O 296, P 550. 
 Letcroptera, 50. 
 libula. 31, 199. 
 niargaritifera, O 277, 295. 
 Peruviana, 107, 153. 
 sterna, 24, 50, 199, O i, O 227, 
 
 229, O 233, O 249, O 277, 
 
 O364, P 14S,P 151, U203. 
 Azinaea 
 
 Barbarensis, 80, 82,97, 130, 170. 
 iiippciualis, 154. 
 intenneilia, S2, 97, 130, 170. 
 gi<:antea. 107. 
 niiilticosta, 154, 155. 
 parcipicta, 154. 
 pectenoides. 154. 
 septentrional is, rar. subob30- 
 
 leta, 113, 130,237. 
 
 { Bankivia 
 
 varians, 253, 320, 365, 
 P 226. 
 Barbatia 
 
 alternata, 24, 31, 200, 256. 
 
 aviculoi<les, 24. 
 
 gradata, 24, 69, 97, 107, 130, 
 
 152. 
 illota, 24, 107, 200. 
 mutabilis, 155. 
 pernoiiles, 102. 
 Reeviana, 27, 107, 200. 
 
INDEX Of SI'ECIES. 
 
 21 
 
 Barbatla 
 
 Botida, 24, 27, 107. 
 Tabogensis, 31. 
 VHspertilio, 107. 
 Barleeia 
 
 haliotiphila, 142, 312. 
 lirata, 109, O 257, O 327, P 
 rubra, 32, P 552. 
 subtenuis, 32, 109,142,155, 
 (?!sabteuui3, i-ar.) rimata, 
 
 312. 
 Barnea 
 
 Candida, 205. 
 Bela 
 
 decussata, 71. 
 
 exc'urvata, 89, 144, 169. 
 
 fidicula, 17, 144, 169, 331 
 
 harpularia, 71. 
 
 rufa, 71. 
 
 turgida, 73. 
 
 tnrricula, 70, 144, 348. 
 Berenecia 
 
 tiispinosa, P 3. 
 Bezoardica 
 
 abbreviata,24,27, no, 151, 
 iSi. 
 
 inflata, 35. 
 Binneya 
 
 notabili3, 95, 157. 
 Bithinia 
 
 nuclea, 162, O 326. 
 
 siniilis, 144, O 326. 
 Bittium 
 
 armillatum, 25, 99, 141, 31 1, 
 
 af>perum, 99, 141, 311, 323. 
 
 attenuatuni, 141, 310. 
 
 Escrichtii, 141. 
 
 {frar.) esuriens, 23, 114, 
 283, 310. 
 
 fastigiatum, 23, 141, 283. 
 
 filosnm, 19, 25, 84, 141, 
 322. 
 
 nitens, 104, 2x8. 
 , plieatum, 141, 311. 
 
 quadiifilatum, 141, 31 1, 323 
 
 rugatum, 25, 323. 
 
 552. 
 142, 
 
 151, 
 
 141, 
 
 310, 
 
 Bivouia 
 
 j albida, 24, 43, P 307, 255, 
 
 3-'4. 
 cuuipjtcta, 114, 140, 239. 
 I coutorta, 24, 43, 108, 153, O 235, 
 
 ^ 237, O 255, O 324, P 305. 
 ♦coutorta, i-ar, iudeiitata, P 307, 
 
 O 255. 
 gloiuerata, 194, P 309, W J 16. 
 iiideiitata, 43, O 233. 
 PanauitusiH, O 324. 
 Quovi, 43. 
 
 8ubcaiicellata, W 315. 
 sntilis, 43. 
 triqiietra, 43. 
 v(ir. typica, 43. 
 riir. variegata, 43. 
 Bornia 
 
 iiillata, P 105. 
 luticola. 15, O 203. 
 seiiiiliinuui, P loS. 
 Brochina 
 
 glabra. X 413, X 414, X 415, 
 
 X 416, X 417, X 418, X 434, 
 
 X 435- X. 43'', X 43^ X 437, 
 X 440, X 443. 
 
 trlabriformis, X 437, X 443. 
 Brocbus 
 
 aiinulatns. X 414, X 423. 
 
 aruuatus, X 436, ^ 437. 
 
 glaber, X 436. 
 
 Ifevis, X 436. 
 
 reticulatus, X 423. 
 
 striatus. X 425. 
 
 trfpcbiformis, X 416, X 425. 
 Bryophila ( = Philobrya) 
 
 (iefosa, 24, yS, 104, 131, 212. 
 Buccinum 
 
 acicnlatnm, P 3S9. 
 
 angnlnsntn, 71, 177, 347. 
 
 Antoni, O 225. 
 
 aplustre, 4. 
 
 arniatuiTi, 10, O 177, O 294. 
 
 biliratnm. O 188, O 361, P 515. 
 
 boreale, O 176, 218. •-■ ,■ 
 
 Boysii, 35. 
 
22 
 
 INDEX or SPECIES. 
 
 Buccinum 
 
 Huevideiitatain, lo, 177,0178. 
 camellatuui, 20, 21S. 
 ciiiis, O 188. 
 chigulatum, P 458. 
 composilum, 4. 
 
 Corouiaudeliamiin,0 iSS, P516. 
 corrugatum, 49, 84, 342, O 
 
 211. 
 crassum, 179, 268. 
 cribrariuin, O iSi, P 487. 
 crispatuni, 4, 5. 
 cyaiieuiii. O 217. 
 decussatum, 
 
 deiiticulatum, 10, 177, 17S. 
 devinctum, O 367 
 dirum, 18, 49. 
 distortutn, 10, 179, 268. 
 elegans, 48, 285. 
 elongatum, 10, 41. 
 fos-satum, 17, 48, O 209. 
 fusiforme, 21S. 
 geinmatuin, O 238, P 515,? 542. 
 gemmulatum, O 236, 238, 
 
 O 263, P 515, P 536. 
 Gever:*ianum, 7. 
 gilvum, 236, 263, P 508, 
 
 P536 
 glaciale, 70, 71, 21S. 
 Groeiilandicum, 21S. 
 haemastoma, P 477, P 517. 
 hydroplianum, O 218. 
 insigne, 179, 268, P 514. 
 interstiiatuui, 77. 
 Jaiiflii, O 204, O 263, 269, 
 
 PS17. 
 lamellosum, 5. 
 leicheilosos, 177. 
 lima, 4. 
 
 liratnm, 4, 5, 83. 
 Ingubre, 179, O 268. 
 luteostoma,0 238, P 495, P 542. 
 fmetula, 206. 
 minus, O 179. 
 modfstmn, O 185, 270. 
 modificatum, 49. 
 
 Buccinum 
 
 iiiutabile, 204, 263, 268, 
 
 P 516. 
 nigrouostatum, 18S. 
 Dodatum, 10. 
 Nortljiae, O 293, 
 nucleolus, 225, P 535. 
 Ochoteiise, 19, 71, 218, 221. 
 ooidea, 19, O 218. 
 ovoides, 221. 
 ovum, 218, 223, 342. 
 pagodas, 179, 268, 293, 
 
 P515. 
 Panamense, O 296. 
 parvulum, O 262, 269, P 487. 
 pastinaca, O 1S8. 
 patuluni, P 474. 
 var. pelagica, 71. 
 planaxis, 10, 17S, 268. 
 plicatum, 4, 5, 
 plumbum, 6. 
 
 polaris, 177, 218, 347. 
 Poulsoni, 317, 201, O 342, 
 
 V 227. 
 prismaticum, 225. 
 pristis, 179, 238,0 268,0 293, 
 
 P542. 
 pseudodon, O 1S8. 
 pulchrum, O 1S8, O 270, 
 
 361. 
 pusio, 293. 
 riugeus, 179, 171, 178, 
 
 O 238, O 269, P 518. 
 roseum, 179. 
 Rudolpbi, 178. 
 Sabinii, 217. 
 saiiguinolentum, 179, 236, 
 
 O 269, P 517, P 536. 
 saturum, 4. 
 scabrum, O 218, 
 Bcalariforme -j- mm. 70. 
 serratum, 48, 238, 268, 
 
 O 293, 294. 
 serioatnm, O 218. 
 simplex, 19, O 218, O 221. 
 Stimpsoni, 73. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 23 
 
 Buccinum 
 
 Stiuipsonianum, 73, 179,0269. 
 
 )9triatuiu, 28. 
 
 stioiabiforme, 178, P 491. 
 
 siibiostiatuiu, 9, O 176,0 293. 
 
 tectum, 10, O 178. 
 
 teuebrosaia, 223. 
 
 teiiue, 10, 71, O 177, 347. 
 
 tiarula, 262, P 496. 
 
 tortuosum, 70. 
 
 undatum, 19, 71, 73, 217, 
 221, 223. 
 
 nndosum, O 263, P 515, P 516. 
 
 undulatuin, 217. 
 
 ventiicosuin, 218. 
 
 zebra, P 176. 
 Bulimulus 
 
 artemi.sia, 158. 
 
 Califoruicus, 158. 
 
 elatus, 158. 
 
 excflsus, 158. 
 
 insicendens, 158. 
 
 Mexicaims, 158. 
 
 pallidior, 158. 
 
 pilula, 158. 
 
 sufllatus, 158. 
 
 undulatug, O 288. 
 
 vegetus, 158. 
 
 vesicalis, 158. 
 
 Xantusi, 158. 
 
 Ziegleri, 158. 
 BulimuB 
 
 acbatinellinus, 240, 315, 
 
 359- 
 alternans, i8r. 
 alternatiis, O 240, 315. 
 artemisia, 116. 
 Bovinus, 59. 
 Californicus, 59. 
 calvus, 183, 240, 315, 
 
 O359. 
 Chemnitzoides, 240, 315, 
 
 359- 
 chordatns, 59. 
 Cornells, 183, 315, 359. 
 Darwiuii, 286, 315, 359. 
 
 S3 
 
 Bulimus 
 
 diBcrepaiiP, 44, 183, 315. 
 
 Dysoni, 44. 
 
 escharifei us, O 188, 240, 315, 
 
 0359. 
 excelsus, 27, 116, 227, 234, 
 
 U 203. 
 fenestratus, 286, 290. 
 finibriatus, O 240, 315. 
 Gallapaganus, jis, 359. 
 Gimieri, 286, 290. 
 Iloiidn rati mis, 44. 
 Iluiiiboldti, 59, 162. 
 ineendens, 116. 
 incrassatus, O 315, 359/ 
 Jacobi, 315, 359, 183, 
 
 O 1 88. 
 I/aurentii, 162. 
 Liebmanui, O 295. 
 loiigns, 59. 
 Manini, 315, O 359. 
 melaiiia, 59. 
 melaiiocheilus, 59, 251, P 
 
 176. 
 Mexicaiius, 6, 59, 170, O 314, 
 
 P 177. 
 Moricandi, 44, 286. 
 Ducula, 287, O 315, O 359. 
 nux, O 181, O 240, 315,0359. 
 obscurus, 222. 
 pallidior, 27, 116, 227, 233, 
 
 O 314, 0351,035,-, U 203. 
 Panamensis, O 181, 315. 
 rrazianus,44. 
 pilula, 116. 
 princeps, 188, 59, O 251, 
 
 O314, P 176. 
 protenis, 116. 
 punctalissimus, 265. 
 rudis, O 290. 
 rugiferus, O 183, 315. 
 rugulosus, 188, 240, 315, 
 
 359- 
 Scliiedeanns, 265. 
 sculpturatus, O 286, O 315, 
 
 0359. 
 
24 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 BuUmus 
 
 seiuipellucidus, 44. 
 fitriatus, 162. 
 suffl.itns, 21, 27, 116. 
 translucens, O 181,0315. 
 undatus, 7, 59, 119, 170, 
 
 O 251, P 176. 
 unicolor, 1S3, 315. 
 unifaseiatns, 45, O 1S3, 240, 
 
 O 28S, 315, 359. 
 ustnlatus, 183, 1S8, 315, 
 
 359- 
 vegetus, 116, O 227, 233, 
 
 D 203. 
 verrucosus, O 287, 359. 
 vesicalis, 21, 116, 227, 234, 
 
 U 203. 
 vexillum, 181, 315. 
 xniithostouia, 265. 
 Xantusi, 116. 
 zebra, 59, 251, 314, P 176, 
 
 P 540. 
 Ziegleri, 59, O 314, P 177. 
 ziczag, 251, P 176. 
 Bulinua 
 
 aurantiua, 161. 
 elatu?, i6i. 
 hypnorum, 161. 
 Bulla 
 
 Adamsi, 24, 31, 37, 107, 194, 
 
 237, 282, 313, 364, 
 
 P 173, P 540. 
 australis, P 172. 
 Californica, 35. 
 calycnlata, O 175. 
 cerealis. 227, 229, U 203. 
 constricta, U 203. 
 crassula, 160. 
 
 culeitella, O 227, 229, U 203. 
 d«cussata, O 179, 261, 271, 
 
 P 454. 
 exarata, 250, P 173, 313. 
 fontinalis, 160. 
 fluviatilis, i6t. 
 v(ir, fulminosa, 132. 
 fasiforiais. U 203. 
 
 BuUa 
 
 gracilis, 237, O 250, P I?!, 
 P 540. 
 
 inculta, 79, 227, U 203. 
 
 infrequens, 237, 250, 275, 
 P 171. 
 
 jugularis, 77. 
 
 longinqna, O 284, O 313. 
 
 Inticola, 194, O 274, P 170. 
 
 major, P 172. 
 
 media, P 172. 
 
 nebnlosa, 22, 26, 79, 83, 107, 132, 
 151, 153, 198,0233, O 234, 
 O 237, O 284, 2S9, O 313, 
 352, 353, P 172, P 540, 
 V 220. 
 
 ?neIiulo-<a, 250, 296, P VI., 
 
 Pi73. 
 Paiiamensis, 0295,0313, P 17a, 
 petrosa, 165, 367. 
 punctata, 154, O 1S9, O 274. 
 puiicticulata, 194, O 274. 
 puiictulata, 31, 37, 194, 229, 
 
 Quoyii, S, 24, 100, 107, 132 
 O 1S9, 250, O 313, O 359, 
 
 Pi73- 
 
 rotundata, TJ 204. 
 
 rufolabris, O 1S9, 313, 359. 
 
 striata, 5, 364. 
 
 tenella, 85. 
 
 velutina, 216. 
 
 vesicula, 79, O 227, 2S4, U 204. 
 
 virescens, 48, 79, 284, 313. 
 
 zebra, P 176. 
 BuUia 
 
 ampullacea, 19, 70, 218, 221, 
 O 223, 342, 348. 
 
 Pnrryi, 74. 
 BvUina 
 
 exiinia, 90. 
 Bursa 
 
 bitubercnlaris, 41. 
 
 fusco-costata, 41. 
 ?Busycon 
 
 Blakei, 75. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 25' 
 
 Byssoarca 
 
 alternata, 310, P 137. 
 Americana, 364, 
 aviculoides, 310. 
 divaricata, O 249, P 142. 
 ?Domingensis, O 364. 
 fusca, 310,0249,0 364, P 140. 
 gradata, O 249, 310, 364, 
 
 366, P 141, U 203. 
 illota, I S3, 249, O 310, 
 
 P 141, P 142. 
 lactea, P 141, P 143, 366. 
 mutabilis, 24, lo" 200, 249, 
 
 310, P 139. 
 PaciQca, 24, 107, 153, O 249, 
 
 O310, P 138, P 139, P 296. 
 pernoides, 227, O 310, U 202. 
 pholadiformis, 200,0278,0 310. 
 pusilla, O 249, P 142. 
 solida, O 249, 3 10, 364, 366, 
 
 P 142, P 143, U 203. 
 Tabogeusis, 200, O 278, 310, 
 
 P 141. 
 tetragona, 366, P 139. 
 truncata, O 183, 310, 359. 
 vespertilio, 249,0 310, P 140. 
 Cadium 
 
 dentatutn, 238. 
 ringens, 238. 
 Caecum: See also under sections 
 
 Anellum, Elephantulum, 
 
 and Fartulum. 
 abnorraale, P 316, X 420. 
 anuulatum, X 417, X 423. 
 bimargiii um, X 421, X 440. 
 Clarkii, X 443. 
 clafhratuja, 39, P 322, X 428. 
 rar. compactum, 256, P 322. 
 Cooperi, 9S, 141. 
 corrngnlatum, X 433, P 327. 
 crebrifinctum, 98, 141. 
 dimimituiu, 186, O 4, O 166, 
 
 256, O 272, P 321, X 427, 
 dextroversum, P 328, X 433. 
 (dextroversum, var.) Antilla- 
 
 rum, X 433" 
 
 Cscum 
 
 eburnenm, 186, 4, 166, 
 
 272, X 427. 
 elegantissiiuuiu, X 429, X 430. 
 (elegantissiuium, var.) riearles- 
 
 Woodii, X 430. 
 elongatuni, P 320, X 424. 
 elongatuni, var. semilaeve, X429. 
 farcimen, X 431. 
 firmatum, 186, 4,0 166, 256, 
 
 272, 357, P 319, P 320, 
 
 P 321, P 324, P 326, X 427. 
 firmatum, var., O 272, 273. 
 Floridanum, X 42S, X 429. 
 glabriforme, 366, P 327, P 
 
 32S. 
 glabruni, O 366, P 313, P 314, 
 
 P 327, X 413, X 426, X 432, 
 
 X 436. 
 gracile, X 429.] 
 gnrijulio, X 4.'36. 
 lie[itagonum, P 319, X 422, 
 imbricatum, X 422. 
 imperforatum, P 321, X 413, 
 
 X 425. 
 incurvatum, X 434, X 436.J 
 insculptum, P 315, X 420. 
 Iseve, 155, 1S6, 272, P 314, 
 
 P32S, P326, X43I. 
 laqueatiim, 186, O 272, P 315, 
 
 P 328, X 420. 
 liratocinctnni, 155, P 315, P 316, 
 
 P317, P 319, X -'21. 
 
 liratum, X 421. 
 
 mauiillatum, X 427, X 434, 
 
 X 430. 
 mamillatum. rar. subulatum, X 
 
 434- 
 mammillum, X 434. 
 monstrosum, 4, O 166, 256, 
 
 O 272, P313, P321, X 427. 
 nitidum, X 439. 
 obtusum, P 317, X 421. 
 parvum, 1S6, 256, 273, 
 
 Pi-,-> 
 
 plicatum, X 421. 
 
26 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Caecum 
 
 poUicare, X 429, X 432. 
 pukhellum,P 312, P 313, X415, 
 
 X424. 
 pygnippura, 1S6, O 4 166, 
 
 O 256, O 273, P 321, X.427 
 quad latum, X 428. 
 regulare, X 417, X 423, X 428. 
 reversum, P 329, X 434. 
 Searles-Woodii, X 430. 
 ?t'c;r. semi'aevp. 39,0 256, P319. 
 var. snbconicum, 256. 
 suliiinpitissum, 108, P 320, 
 
 P 322, X 424, 
 subspirale, P 315, P 316, X 419. 
 subquadratum, 39, X 433. 
 var. tenuiliratum, 256. 
 teres, P 329, X 434, X 440. 
 trachea, P 313, X 413. X 414, 
 
 X 415, X 416, X 417, X 418, 
 
 P 424, X 425, X 426, X 427, 
 
 X429. 
 
 (?trachea, var.) obsoletum, 
 
 X426. 
 tuniidum, X 426. 
 nndatum, 36, 1S6, 4, O 272, 
 
 O 357, P 314, P 321, P 323, 
 
 P 325, P 326, X 429, X 430, 
 
 X 431. 
 vitreum, X 429, X 432. 
 (?vitremn, var.) Clarkii, X 433. 
 Calcar 
 
 erythrophtlialmus, O 296, P 227. 
 olivaceus, O 238, P 541. 
 Mt'lcbeisi, O 23S, P 227, P 541, 
 stf-Uaris, O 238, P 5+1. 
 Calliostoma 
 
 (?liiiia, rar.) »qniscnlpta, 154, 
 
 272. 
 annulatum, 13, 27, 138. 
 Antonii, 36, 191. 
 oanaliculatum, 6, 13, 23, 27, 
 
 113, 138. 
 castanenm, 3. 
 
 costatum, 13, 19, 23, 25, 27, 138. 
 dolarium, 13, 138. 
 
 Calliostoma 
 
 exiiuium, 40, <o8, 272. 
 
 filor^uul, 3, 13, 138. 
 
 geiiiniulatuni, 98, 139. 
 
 inibricatuin, 196. 
 
 Leanuin, 24, 32, 40, 154, 191. 
 
 ligatum, 3. 
 
 lima, 24, 53, 154, 272. 
 
 M'Andreae, 32, 36, 4a 
 
 ino<lestum, 3. 
 
 splftidens, 98, 139. 
 
 eupragranosum, 98, 139. 
 
 variegatum. S9, 138. 
 
 versitolor, 152, 272. 
 
 virgineum, 138. 
 Callista 
 
 affinis, 30. 
 
 alternata, 30, 106. 
 
 anraiitia, 23, 106, 201. 
 
 callona, 39, 57. 
 
 chionaea, 23, 27, 57, 106, 151, 201. 
 
 circinata, 23, 30, 154. 
 
 concinna, 27, 30, 201. 
 
 consanguiuea, 201. 
 
 Dione, 57. 
 
 lupinaria, 6, 23, 57. 
 
 pannosa, 91, 170. 
 
 (?paiinosa, rar.) puelTa, 23, 58, 
 104, 170, 211, 
 
 petechialis, 30. 
 
 pollicaris, 58, 104, 210. ^ 
 
 prora, var. 104. 
 
 rosea, 23, 57, 58. 
 
 semilamellosa, 153, 154, 
 
 ppinosissiraa, 154. 
 
 tortuosa, 23, 30, 
 
 vnlnerata, 151. 
 Callochiton 
 
 Eleiieiisis, 198. 
 
 interstinctas, 317, O 348. 
 
 puldiellus, 198, 267, 317. 
 Callopoma 
 
 fluctnatum, 153, 253, O 34S, 
 P 223, Q 234. 
 
 (?fluctuatnm, rar.) depressum, 
 41,0 253,0 288, P 223, Q 234. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 27 
 
 Callopoma 
 
 tliKtuosum, 27, 192, 224, 
 
 O 253, O 320, P 223, P 224. 
 Fokkesii, Ji, loS, 151, O 320. 
 phaaianella, O 320 [cide 550]. 
 saxosum, 24, 192, O 2S2, 288, 
 
 O 320, 
 tessellatum, 31, 151, 192. 
 Calypeopsia 
 
 auriculata, O 3, P 290. 
 Byroneusis, O 3. 
 Li.sijida, O 3, 275, P 290. 
 imbiicata, P 287. 
 lignaria, 3, 1S4, P 290. 
 maculata, 3, P 290. 
 quiriquina, 3, O 190, P 291. 
 rugosa, O 3, O 190, P 287, P 291. 
 serrata, O 184. 
 teuuis, O 3, O 184, P 290. 
 tubifera, 61. 
 Calyptraea 
 
 aberrans, 37, 195, 
 Adolphei, 172. 
 alveolata, 51. 
 
 aiuygilalus, O 204, 254, P 
 Araucaua, P 265. 
 arenata, O 1S4. 
 aspersa, 37, 195. 
 auricularis, P 2S7, P 289. 
 auricnlata, O 190, P 287, P 
 
 P 292. 
 Byronensis, 255, P 291. 
 cepacea, 37, 195, O 235, O 
 
 O 255, 275, 323, P 
 
 P546. 
 cinerea, 48. 
 conica, 37, 195, O 239, 
 
 P 265, P 266, P 545, 
 cornea, P 295. 
 corrugata, 52, 184, 323. 
 d«ntata, 195, 236, 
 
 275, p 287, p 538. 
 
 dilatata, P 265. 
 dorsata, P 273. 
 echinus, O 2, P 268. 
 equestris, ? 295. 
 
 27S. 
 
 290, 
 
 239. 
 295, 
 
 275, 
 
 25s, 
 
 Calyptrasa 
 
 ext;avata, 184, P 274. 
 ?extiuctoruiu, 47, U 3, O 174, 
 
 U 236, P 267, P 287, 
 fastigiata, O 209. 
 foliauea, P 272. 
 gemiuauea, O 204, P 288. 
 Lispida, 79, 195, 255, O 275, 
 
 O 2S3, O 2S4, P 290, P 2yl. 
 liystiix, O 2, P 268. 
 imbiicata, 47, 48, 195, 184, 
 O lyo, O 236, O 275, P 287, 
 P 288, P 291, P 292, P 538 
 P 551, T 109. 
 ?iiubricata, var. Broderipii, 
 
 P 292. 
 ??iiubricata, var. Cumiugii, 
 
 P 287, P 292. 
 incurva, P 276. 
 iuteroiedia, P 292. 
 Iffivigata, P 267. 
 Lamarckii, O 236, O 239, 254, 
 
 P 266, P 538, P 545. 
 Lessoiiii, 2, P 280. 
 lichen, 254, P265. 
 lignaria, O 184, 190, 255, 
 
 P 290, P 291, P 292. 
 lorica, P 292. 
 maculata, 195, 255, 275, 
 
 P 290, P 291, T 167. 
 mamillaris, O 190, O 230, P 266, 
 
 P 267, P 292. 
 niarginalis, 184. 
 perforaus, 204, 255, P 281. 
 peziza, 255. 
 pileiformis, O 212. 
 pileolus, P 292. 
 plauulata, 37, 195, 275, 
 
 O 318. 
 quiriquina, O 190, 255, P 291, 
 
 P 292. 
 radians, P 264, P 265. 
 radiata, 195, P 275, P 291. 
 regularis, 195, 230, 233, 
 
 O 254, 276, P 266. 
 rudis, 184, P 292, P 295. 
 
38 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Calyptrasa 
 
 rugosa, 4S, 3, 190, 204, 
 
 O 236, 255, O 275, P 287, 
 
 P 290, P 291, P 292. 
 serrata, O 184. 
 sordida, P 267. 
 spiuosa, 47, 48, O 174, O 239, 
 
 O 352, P 290, P 291, P 292, 
 
 PS46. 
 S(inama, 2, O 184, P 280. 
 stiiata, U 205. 
 atrigata, P 272. 
 teuuis, 184, O 255, P 290, 
 
 P 291, P 292. 
 tortilis, 51. 
 trigonalis, 224. 
 trochifonuis. O iqo, P 265. 
 tubifera, O 3, O 204, O 255, 
 
 P 290, P 292. 
 umbrella, 195, O 276, P 290, 
 
 P 292. 
 nnguis, 37, 196, O 276, P 267. 
 varia, 1S4, 323, 360, 
 
 P 295. 
 Campylaea 
 
 si>ortella, 157. 
 Cancellaria 
 
 acnininata, O 181, 329, 
 affinis, 35, 183, O 271. 
 albida, 206, O 329. 
 arctica, 223. 
 bicolor, P 381. 
 bifasciata, 265, 329. 
 brevis, 230, 294, 329, 
 
 P 380, P 381. 
 buccinoides, O iSi, 217, 
 
 329- 
 bulbulus, 24, 181, O 329. 
 bullata, 181. 
 Candida, 27, O 235, 329. 
 cassidiformis, 27, O 181, O 235, 
 
 O 238, 329, O 352, P 543. 
 chrysostoma, O 181, O 294, 
 
 O 329, 360, 
 clavatula,24,0 181,0230,0271, 
 
 O329. 
 
 Cancellaria 
 
 corrugata, 206. 
 
 costata, P 3S0. 
 
 eostellifera, 217, 
 
 Couthouyi, 217. 
 
 crenata, O 206, O 329. 
 
 decussata, 24, O iSi, 271, 
 O329. 
 
 elata, O 206, 329. 
 
 fuuiciilata, 51, 206, O 329. 
 
 gemmnlata, 181, O 329. 
 
 goniostoma, 24, 27, 36, 152, 183, 
 iSi, O 233, O 235, O 238, 
 258, 271, O 294, O 329, 
 
 P3S0, P3Si,P435, P 543- 
 Laemastouia,0 iSi,0 329,0360. 
 indeutata, iSi, O 206, 329. 
 lyrata, 51. 
 
 luitriforuiis, 24, O 271, 329. 
 luodesta, 114, 146, 245. 
 obesa, 27, iSi, O 235, O 352, 
 
 329, P 380. 
 oblonga, 265. 
 ovata, P 3S0, P 543. 
 pulchra, O 271. 
 
 pygniwa, 36, 183, O 271, 329. 
 reticulata, 61, 192. 
 rigida, P 3S1. 
 solida, 27, 181, 235, 271, 
 
 329, 352. 
 teesellata, 24, O 271, O 329. 
 uniplicata, 182, O 271, O 329. 
 urceolata, 35, 152, 1S3, 206, O 
 
 192, 238, 25S, 329, P 
 
 380. 
 ventricosa, 206, 329. 
 viridula, O 217. 
 CantharuB 
 
 gemmatus, P 516. 
 ringens, 518. 
 sauguinolentns, P 517. 
 Capsa 
 
 altior, 202, 182, 279. 
 Braziliensis, O 364. 
 deflorata, 63. 
 laevigata, 364, P 42. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 89 
 
 CapuluB 
 
 niilitaris, P 300. 
 
 uiitriila, P 2^7, R 3. 
 
 sulnufus, R 4. 
 Cardita 
 
 affiuis, 201, 1S2, O 229,0 232, 
 234, O 236, O 247, O 27S, 
 2S2, 297, O 306, P 84, 
 
 P S5, P 539- 
 arcella, 14. 
 borealis, 9, 70, 210, 219, 
 
 221, O 223. 
 Californica, O 232, O 234, 236, 
 
 O 2S7, O 352, P S4. 
 corbis, 128. 
 crasi<a, O 178, 306. 
 Cuvieri, 10, iSi, 20S, 
 
 30O. 
 laticoritata, 201,0 1S2, 278, 
 
 O306. 
 incrassata, O 287, O 306, 359. 
 Mich»?lini, 10, 14. 
 moiiulosa, 14, O 278. 
 luoiiilicosta, iiS. 
 iiodulosa, O 278. 
 oc-cideiitalis, 17, 80. 
 plauicosta, 75. 
 radiata, 201, 1S2, 278, 
 
 306. 
 spurca, O 221. 
 subteuta, 17, 165, 367. 
 turgida, 14. 
 
 vaiia, O iSi, 306, 359. 
 variegata, 12S, 2S0. 
 veiitricosa, 17, 80, yi, 209, 
 
 210, 213, 306. 
 volucris, O 229. 
 Cardium 
 
 aculeatum, 154, O 285. 
 alabastruin, 247, O 307, P 94, 
 
 P53I- 
 arenatum, P 93. 
 asperum, O 364. 
 Belcberi. O 175, 297, 307. 
 biaiigulatnm, 27, 175, 187, 
 
 229, 307. 
 
 Cardium 
 
 blaudum, 14, 17,49,70,91, 128, 
 
 O 210, O 212,0 213,0 307, 
 
 O348. 
 boivale, O 175. 
 buUatuni, O 364. 
 Califurnianum, 13, 14, 17, 49, 
 
 119, O 197, 203, O 212, 
 
 213, O 219, V 217. 
 Califoruiense, 14, 17, 70, 91, 128, 
 
 O 197,0 203,0 219, O 221, 
 
 223, 232, 234, 283, 
 
 O 307, O 347. 
 carneosum, P 40. 
 ceutifilosum, 97, 128. 
 cousors, 23, 27, 106, 153, 187, 
 
 O 234, O 282, 307, 364. 
 corbis, 5, 13, 17, 91, 12S. 
 costatum, 45, P 95. 
 crueutatum, 21, 78, 227, 
 
 O 2S4, 307, 352, U 201, 
 Cuiuiiigii, 183, O 307. 
 Dioiiaeum, 175. 
 discors, 60. 
 elatum, 153, O 232,0 247, 307, 
 
 O 351, O 352,0 364, P 91, 
 
 V 218. 
 Eleiieuse, P 91, U 201. 
 Gabbii, 119. 
 gemuiatum, 229. 
 graniferum, 25, 30, 154, 201, 
 
 322, 17s, 187, O 229,0 248, 
 
 27S, 307, P 85, P 95- 
 Groeulandicum, 47, 70. 
 Icelandicuni, O 210. 
 Indicum, 45. 288. 
 Laperousii, 14, 203, O 307. 
 laticostatum, 247, P 92. 
 linteum, 75. 
 lucinoides, 248, P 96, 
 luteolabrum, 13, 21, 12S, 197, 
 
 O 227, O 307, 351, U 20I. 
 macnlatum, 45, 2S2, O 2S5. 
 maculosum, 45, 229, 285, 
 
 O307. 
 magnificum, 187. 
 
30 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Cardium 
 
 niodestum, 75, 97, 128. j 
 
 Mortoni, U 201, V 218. 
 iiiuriuatuui, O 1 75, O 236, 247, 
 
 O 3('4, I' 93, P 539- 
 
 KicoUeti, 75, 
 
 Nuttalliauum, O 192. 
 
 Kuttallii, 4, 13, 14, 26, 71,86, 
 O 197, O 203, O 213, O 219, 
 O 223, 232, O 241, 284, 
 O307, 0347,0351, V 217. 
 
 obovale, 23, 201, O 229, 27S, 
 
 o 307- j 
 
 Pauaiueuse, 1 78, 1S3, O232, , 
 
 O 234, 307, P 92 
 planioostatum, 38, 201, O 1S3, 
 
 O 27S, O 307. 
 procerum, 14, 23, 106, 152 153, 
 
 201, 1 78, O 183, O 236, 
 
 O 247, 27S, 307, P 91, 
 
 P 92, P 539. 
 pseudofossile, 14, 17, 49,70, 128, 
 
 O 247, P 94. 
 punctulatum, O 247, P 93. 
 quailragcnariuin, 13,21,86, 128, 
 
 O 197, 307, V 217. 
 radula, 175, 236. 
 rastrum, 247, O 278, P 93. 
 rotundatum, O 247, O 307, P 531. 
 Senticosuui, 23, 106, 201, 247, 
 
 O 278, C 307, P 93. 
 serratuin, O 364. 
 subulongatuin, 14. 
 substriatum, 78, O 197, O 232, 
 
 O 307, O 351, U 201, V 218. 
 triaiigulatura, O 247, P 94. 
 xantliochi'ilum, 128, 197, 
 
 227, 232, U 201. 
 Carinea 
 
 eiuarginata, 24, 176. 
 gibbosa, 176, 
 Carinifex 
 
 Xewberryi, 161. 
 Carocolla 
 
 Ilaydiana, O 265. 
 labyriuthus, O 165. 
 
 Carocolla 
 
 quadridentata, 180. 
 
 uncigtjra, O 290, 
 CasBidaria 
 
 setosa, O 261 O 367, P 455, 
 CassiduIuB 
 
 patulud, P 501. 
 Cassis 
 
 abbreviata. 35,181,0238,0270, 
 O 292, O 297, O 337, O 364, 
 
 P543- 
 
 ceutiquadrata, O 171,0 292. 
 
 coarctata, iSi, O 171, O 174, 
 O 188, O 234, 235, 238, 
 O 243, 270, O 282, O 294, 
 O 337, O 350, 352, O 360 
 
 o 364, P 543. 
 
 corrugata, 7. 
 
 doliata, O 171, 292. 
 
 grauosa, O 238. 
 
 inllata, i8i, O 238, O 364, P 543. 
 
 laetea, O 270, O 292. 
 
 Masseua, 10, O iSS. 
 
 ringens, 7, O 174, O 238. 
 
 tenuis, O 188, O 337, O 360. 
 
 testiculus, 171, 364. 
 Castra 
 
 Turcica, 48. 
 Cavolina 
 
 crassicornis, O 173. 
 
 subrosacea, 173. 
 
 teli'iuus, 98, 107, 132. 
 Cellepora 
 
 areolata, 34, 256. 
 
 cyclostouia, O 244, O 298, P 5. 
 
 papilhefonuis, 244,0 298, P 5. 
 Ceritbium 
 
 adustum, 189, 256, O 272, 
 O 293, O 325, 366, P ^^^, 
 
 P334- 
 alboliratum, 24, 256, O 325, 
 
 P 336- 
 assirnillatum, 272, 289, 
 
 P445. 
 bimarginatum, 185, 272. 
 
 Californianuui, 212. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 81 
 
 Cerithium 
 
 cunilliuui, 170. 
 
 fauielicuiu, 36, 185, 256, 
 
 () 272, O 2S2, P 334, P 335. 
 filosum, 17, 1S5, O 2CK), O 212, 
 
 0295. 
 fragraria, 7, 170. 
 tiallapagiiiis, 32, 63, 185,0 189, 
 
 O 256, O 272, O 325, P 33S. 
 gen:iuatuui, 272, P 339. 
 graiiosuui, 7, O 170. 
 Guiuaicuui, P 2}^. 
 Hegcwischii, O 295, P 345, 
 iuterruptum, 24, 32, 36, 45, 63, 
 
 '08, 155, 1S5, 189, O 226, 
 
 O 238, O 256, O 272, 32s, 
 
 « 360, P 337, P ^^8, P 542. 
 iostoina, P 345. 
 irroratum, 17, 32, 36, 45, 185, 
 
 O 1 89, 209, 256,-0 272, 
 
 O 2S3, 325, P 337. 
 Largillierti, P 343. 
 lima, 170, O 222. 
 literatum, 170. 
 maculo.sum, 7, 24, 27, 108, 1S5, 
 
 O 189, O 230, O 238, 256, 
 
 O 272, O 2S2, O 293, O 325, 
 
 O 360, 366, P s_^^, P 339, 
 
 P 340, P 542. 
 mediale, 367. 
 vtir. mediolaeve, 24, 35, 108, 1S5, 
 
 O 256, P 334. 
 Mf ukei, P 338, 
 Moiitagiiei, O 190, 239, P 342, 
 
 P 343, R 345, P 542. 
 musicum, 7, 170, 171, 
 
 O 256, O 325, P ^35. 
 nebulosum, 18^,0 256, 325, 
 
 P333. 
 
 neglectum, 1S5, 272. 
 
 obesum, 17, 32, 185. 
 
 ocellatura, 45, O 189, O 236, 
 O 238, 256, 296, 325, 
 O 3'''-\ P 337, P 536, P 542. 
 
 Pnciflcum, 48, 1S5, 170, 272, 
 
 325. 
 
 Cerithium 
 
 pauinTiuluui, 1S6, 272. 
 Pei'uvianum, P 442. 
 puluhruiu, 1S6, O 256, O 272, 
 
 P 343. 
 Reeviatiuui, 186, 256, 272, 
 
 P 343- 
 
 reticuhituin, 6. 
 
 sacratuin, o 209, U 206, V 226. 
 
 stercusmuscaium, 17, 27, }2, 
 36, loS, 152, 170,0 209, 
 233, 236, 238, 256, 
 272, 282, 325, O 360, 
 O 366, P 337, P 339- 
 
 terebellum, O 289. 
 
 triliueatuui, 289. 
 
 uiiibonatum, 256, P 335. 
 
 uiiuinatum, 24, 63, 108, 151, 
 185, O 256, 272, O 285, 
 
 O 325. 364, P 334, P 335- 
 validum, 186, 1O3, 257, 
 
 O 272, P 344. 
 variuosuui, 7, 48, 170, 189, 
 
 O 190, P 343, P 344- 
 vulgatum, 170. 
 Cerithidea 
 
 albouodosa, 153, 1S6, 22S, 
 
 O 283,0325,0351, U 205. 
 Californica, 141. 
 fuscata, 79, 228, O 233, P 
 
 345- 
 Lavalleana, O 3C>4. 
 Mazatlauica, loS, 141, 1S6, 
 
 O233. 
 Moutaguei, 24, 27, 151, 186, 
 
 O 230, O 256, O 272, 325: 
 
 P 342, P 343- 
 pulchra, 325. 
 
 puUata, 141, 15', O 325, jS'- 
 Reeviana, 325. 
 sacrata, 23, 79, 141,0 200,0228, 
 
 230, O 233, 325, 351, 
 
 P 345, U 206, V 226. 
 (?3acrata, var.), fuscata, U 206. 
 Bolida, 230. 
 valida, 230, 325. 
 
32 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Cerithidea 
 
 variuosa, 7, 24, 186, 208, O 170, 
 
 O 190, O 2JO, 233, O 272, 
 
 O 295, O 325, O 364. 
 ?varicosa, vur. Mazatlanica, 
 
 O 257, P 344, U 200. 
 Cerithiopsis 
 
 assiuiihita, 99, no, 146, 155, 
 
 274, O 260, 335, O 364, 
 
 P445- 
 bimargiuata, 274, 335. 
 cerea, O 260, 335, P 443. 
 
 P445- 
 coluaiua, 99, 114, 146, 245. 
 couvexa, O 260, ;i_]S- P 44- 
 deuussata, O 260, 335, P 445- 
 filosa, 335, 348. 
 fortior, 23, 146, 2S7. 
 intercalaria, 274. 
 rnunita, 114, 146, 245. 
 ueglecta, 185, O ^^6. 
 paiipercula, O 336. 
 pupitormis, O 260, 33$, P 443. 
 purpurea, 23, 146, 2S7. 
 sorex, 260, P 335, P 444. 
 terebella, O 364, P 445. 
 triliueata, P 445. 
 tubercularid, 169, 186, 366. 
 ?tuberoulata, 23, 114, 146, P 
 
 442. 
 
 tubercnloides, 32, 36, 1 10, O 260, 
 
 O 335, O 306, P 442, P 443. 
 ftuberculoides, var. albonodosa, 
 O 260, P 443. 
 CereuB 
 
 couglomeratus, 4. 
 Ceroatoma 
 
 var. Burnettii, 72. 
 
 foliatum, 13, 48, 72, 149, 169, 
 
 • 345- 
 mouoceros, 13, 149, 151, 152. 
 monodon, 83, 149, O 345. 
 Kuttallii, 13, 27, 149, 201, 
 
 O 345, O 349, V 229. 
 Chama 
 
 Bioderipii, P 89. 
 
 eel 
 
 exr 
 
 Chama 
 
 Buddiana, 26, 30, 38, 106, 200, 
 247, O 277, 307, P 89. 
 
 chionsea, 178. 
 
 corrugata, 27, 38, 154, 184, 
 O 277, 307. 
 
 crasriicostata, 10. 
 
 Delessertii, P 549. 
 L'hiuata, 9, 30, 38, 106, 200, 
 O 178, 184, 234, O 247, 
 
 o 277, 307, P 87, P 549. 
 
 cogyra, 11, 71, 106, 127,0232, 
 247, 307, 349, O 351, 
 35-^0 353, P90, V217. 
 froudosa, 9, 23, 106, 152, O 178, 
 O 197, O 232, O 282, 306, 
 
 P 87, P 549. 
 (?frondosa, var.) fornicata, 38, 
 
 200, 247, 277, P 89. 
 frondosa, var. Mexicana, 2cx», 
 
 O 178, O 197, 247,0 307, 
 
 352, 353, 364, P 87, 
 
 P 89, P 548, V 217. 
 imbricata, 63, O 184, O 307. 
 Janus, 186, 307, 359. 
 lobata, II, 71. 
 Mesicana, 30, 38, 232. 
 Panamensis, O 186, O 307, P 
 
 90. 
 pellucida, 22, 127, 170, 197, 
 
 0232,0307,0351, V 217. 
 producta, 27, 184, O 307. 
 rugosa, 234. 
 spiuosa, 23, 27, 97, 106, 128, 
 
 O 208, O 247, 307, 359, 
 
 P 89, P 90. 
 squalida, O 178. 
 venosa, 232. 
 Chelyconus 
 
 puncticulatus, P 404. 
 purpurascens, P 402. 
 regalitatis, P 403. 
 Chelysoma 
 
 MacLeayanum, 176 
 Chemnitzia 
 
 Adamsii, 36, no. 
 
INDEX OF SPKCIES. 
 
 33 
 
 Chemnitzia 
 
 aciileus, 1S7, iSS, O 260, 273, 
 
 O 3J5, P 427, P 4^8. 
 acuminata, j6, 1S7, O 273. 
 affiiiis, S5, JO. "^7,^ 200,0 273, 
 
 O 335, P 4^9. 
 fear, aurautia, 23, S9, 145, 
 
 3'5- 
 T)iu,irinata, T 171. 
 bittifiniuis, T 171. 
 cselata, 24, 294. 
 oancellata, O 260. 
 C.-B.- Adauiaii, 260, O 335, 
 
 P427. 
 chocolata, 99, 145, 316. 
 clatbratula, 30, 1S7, 273, P 
 
 424. 
 communis, 36, 1S7, 190, 273, 
 
 P4'9, T '70. 
 crebrifihita, 23, 2S5. 
 Cumingii, T 170. 
 flavescens, no, 260,0 334, 
 
 P 4;,2. 
 gibbosa, O 2(x>, O 334, P 430. 
 graoillima, 36, iSS, 260, O334, 
 
 P431. 
 gracilior, 187, 273, 335, 
 
 P 431, P 432. 
 intermedia, O 260. 
 major, 36, 187, O 273, 335. 
 marginata, 1S7, O 273. 
 muricata, O 260, 334, P 42S. 
 Pauamensis, 33, 36, no, 1S7, 
 
 1 88, 260, 273, 335, 
 
 P427. 
 paucilirata, O 260. 
 polyzonata, T 1 70. 
 prolongata, no, 260, 334, 
 
 P 429- 
 reticulata, P 433. 
 rubrofusca, T 171. 
 Bcalaris, P 414. 
 simiUs, 33, 36, iSS, 260, 273, 
 
 335, P 428. 
 striosa, 1S8, 273, O 335. 
 fvar. stylina, 23, 145. 
 
 3 
 
 Chemnitzia 
 
 subangulata, O 260. 
 tenuicula, 23, 145, O 228, 230, 
 
 O 334, O 349, U 207. 
 (?tenuicula, var.) subouspidata, 
 
 99, 145- 
 tenuilirata, 154, O 260, 334, 
 
 P433. 
 terebralis, O 260, O 334, P 432. 
 tonjuata, 23, S9, 90, 145, 286, 
 
 O 22S, O 230, 334, O 349, 
 
 U 207. 
 (?tor(iuata, far.) stylina, 2S6. 
 tri.lentata, 23, 89, 145, 315, 316. 
 turrita, 36, 1S8, 190, 273, 
 
 O335, P429, T171. 
 undata, 35, 36, 1S7, 260^ 
 
 O334, P43', P432. 
 unifasciata, O 260, 335, P 433. 
 Vancouverensis, 90, 145. 
 Virgo, 23, 145, 2S6, 294. 
 Chione 
 
 amathusia, 23, 27, 152, 154, 201, 
 
 236,0 247, P 7 1, P 72,P8o. 
 astartoides, 39. 
 badia, 58. 
 i-ar, bilineata, 106. 
 Californiensis, 7, 127, 152, O 
 
 197, V 216. 
 callosa, 13, 39, 127, 152, 197, 
 
 2^1, V 216. 
 cancelli ta, 13, 127. 
 Columbiensis, O 247, P 75. 
 creiiifera, 201, 247, P 74. 
 discors, P 77. 
 distans, O 247, P 74. 
 exoavata, 13, 127, O 197, V 216. 
 fluctffraga, 22, 39, 127, 152, 
 
 •53- 
 gnidia, 27, 151, 152, 247, P 71, 
 
 P 72, V 215. 
 gnidia, var. P 72. 
 grata, P 77. 
 
 bistrionica, 247, P 77. 
 rar. lilacina, 106. 
 Lordi, 91. 
 
S4 
 
 INDEX OP SPECrES. 
 
 Chione 
 
 lupauaria, P 67. 
 
 neglecta, 2j, 106, 151, 192, 
 
 O 20J. 
 Niittalli, 127, O 197, V 216. 
 
 lar. () 2S1. 
 
 pulicaria, rar. 27, 106, 153. 
 
 ruilerata, O 192. 
 
 similliiua, ij, 22, 127, 151, O 
 
 197, V 216. 
 sqnalida, P 64. 
 stiamiiiea, V 215. 
 succinota, 13, 22, 25, 26, 27, 40, 
 
 1^7, »5«, "52, 154,322. 
 sngillata, 23, 38. 
 undatella. 106, P 75. 
 Chloraera 
 
 If-oiiiua, 95, 210, O 213, O 313. 
 Chironla 
 
 I.apeiousii, 202, O 203. 
 Chiton 
 
 achates, 72. 
 
 acutus, 13, 198, 318, Q 232, 
 
 V 221. 
 albolineatus, 175,0290,? 191. 
 albus, 71, 72. 
 
 auiiculatus, 19, 214, 223. 
 armatus, O 19S. 
 artieulatus, O 17S, 233,0 290, 
 
 P 190, Q 2;2. 
 Blainvillei, , , O 233. 
 Brandtii, 19, 215, 219, 
 
 223- 
 Californicus, 13, O 19S, 229, 
 
 O31S. 
 chlamys, 214. 
 clathratas, 267, O 276, 31S. 
 Collei, O 229. 
 
 Columbiensis, O iSi, O 318. 
 cnncinnus, 72. 
 consimilis, 13, O 198, 297, 
 
 O31S. 
 crenulatus, 1S7. 
 Cuniingii, 180. 
 dentiens, 16, 92, 209, 318, 
 
 O348. 
 
 Chiton 
 
 dispar, 37, 19S, 261, 266, iSl, 
 
 O 276. 
 Eleneusis, O iSo, O 31S. 
 Ksclisoholtzii, 19, O 214, 223. 
 far*tigiatU3, O 288. 
 fliiver-uens, O 252, O 317, P 198. 
 gigaiitf us, iS 215. 
 (iooilallii, O I So. 
 llartwegii, 40, 287, 318, 
 
 349, Q 3'. Q 232. 
 Ilindrtii, 92, 229. 
 bii'iiudifunuis, iSi, 187, 
 
 0318,0 3(X3. 
 incarnatu.s, 35. 
 iiisignis, O 208, O 214. 
 interstinctus, 16, O 210. 
 lievigatus, 92, 2S5, P 191. 
 lignai'iiid, O 209. 
 liguosus, 16, 19, 84,0209,0318, 
 
 o 34S. 
 
 limaciformis, iSo, 252, P 
 
 194. 
 Iiueatii3, 9, 20S, O 214, 223, 
 
 229, O 318. 
 lividus, 19,0 215, 223. 
 Loochooanns, O 175. 
 Inridus, 19S, 276, 318. 
 Mag<lalensi3, 206, 2^2- 
 margiiiatus, 92. 
 Merckii, 19, 40, O 215, 223. 
 Mertensii, 19, 215, O 224. 
 Moutereyensis, 16, 40, 2S7, 
 
 O31S, O349, Q231. 
 muricatas, 18, 215. 
 muscosus, 16, 72, 84, O 108, 
 
 O 209, 229, 317, O 34S, 
 
 V 221. 
 
 Niittallii, 13, O 198, O 318, 
 349, Q 231, V 221. 
 
 ornatus, 16, 198,0 229,0 318, 
 O 349. Q 232, V 221. 
 
 Pallasii, 19, 214, 219,0223. 
 
 patulus, ^S. 
 
 proprius, 290. 
 
 pulcliellus, 38, 198, 277. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIE8. 
 
 85 
 
 Chiton 
 
 regularis, 40, 2S7, 318, Q 
 
 -J-- 
 retusu.s, O iSo. 
 
 sanguineus, 6j, 364, P 194. < 
 scalier, O 2Z(), O 2yo, O J17. 
 scabriciilus, O iSo, jiS. 
 siTribiculatus, ly, O 215, 224. 
 setigtT, O 214. ' 
 
 setosuf, iS, 178, iSo, O 214, ' 
 
 0215,0318. 
 Simpsonii, O 208. 
 Sitcheiisis, 19, O 192, O 214, 
 
 O 223, O 229, O 290. 
 Stelleri, 19, 194,0 214, O 223, 
 
 O 229. 
 Stimpsonii, 72. 
 S'.okesii, 38, 153, 19S, 266, iSo, 
 
 O 229, O 277. 
 subraarmoreua, 84, 214, 219, 
 
 223. 
 snlcatns, 9, O 187. 
 textilH, 35. 
 tunicatus, 9, 84, O 178, 192, 
 
 O 214, O 223, 288. 
 vecpertinus, if), O 210. 
 ve-ititns, O 175, O 223, 296. 
 Wosnessenskii, 19, 92, 214, 
 
 O ;,iS. 
 Chlorostoma 
 
 anreotinftum, 28, 13S, 152. 
 
 brutineuin, 27, 138. 
 
 funebrale, 19, 23, 27, 40, 49, 79, 
 
 113, 1^8, 170,0 287,0297. 
 gallina. 13S, 152. 
 maeulosurn. 21, 227. 
 marginatum, 79. 
 moestura, 49, 170. 
 nitrerrimum. 28, 138. 
 Pfeifffri, 23, 27, 138. 
 var. pyri forme, 138. 
 rugosum, P 233. 
 
 var. O 283. 
 
 vnr. ?nbapertum, II3, I38. 
 Chondropoma 
 
 rubicundnm, 45. 
 
 CboriHtodon 
 
 tj'picum, 29, 244, 364, P 
 
 447, ^ S2'J- 
 Chorus 
 
 Uelcheri, 60, 149, 151. 
 Chsetopleura 
 
 niuscosa, 16. 
 
 (lenti-'DS, 16. 
 Chrysallida 
 
 acuminata, O 273, 334. 
 
 angusta, 104, 219. 
 
 caneellata, O364. 
 
 cincta, 99, 145. 
 
 clathratula, 36, 1S7, 259, O 
 
 273. O 334, P 424- 
 clausiliformi.s, O 260, 334, P 
 
 367, P 369, P 370, P 426. 
 communis, 36, iio, 187,0 273, 
 
 O 334, O 357, 3^-4, P 408, 
 
 P419, P421, P423. 
 convexa, O 260, O 334, P 422. 
 crebristriata, T 170. 
 effusa, 36, 39, 187, 259,0 334, 
 
 P422. 
 faseiata, 39, 259, 334, P 417, 
 
 P 1-.5 
 
 P 423. 
 indentata, 260, 334, P 425, 
 marginata, O 273, 334, P 423. 
 nodosa, O 259, 334, P 369, 
 
 P4I7. 
 oblonga, 259, 334, P 418. 
 ovata, O 259, 334, P 417, P 
 
 418. 
 panpercula, 36. 
 Pliotis, O 260, O 334, P 425. 
 pnmila, 99, I45- 
 Reigeni, O 259, 334, P 422. 
 rotundata, 259, 334, P 41S, 
 
 P4I9- 
 tele?copium, 36, 39, 187, 259, 
 
 334, P 41S, P 421, P 422. 
 Chrysodomns 
 
 antiquns, 69, 70, 83, 166, 183, 
 
 O343. 
 Baeri, O 343. 
 Behringii, O 343. 
 
36 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Chrysodomus 
 
 var. Beiiringianus, 83. 
 carinatus, 25, 322. 
 cassidariaeformis, 70. 
 decemcostatas, S3, 149. 
 deformis, 70, 343. 
 dims, 19, 25, 77, S3, 150, 322. 
 despeetus, rar. 25. 
 fornicatus, 347. 
 incisns, S3, 150. 
 Islandicus, 71, 343. 
 liratns, 4, 20, 149, 169. 
 luricliis, O 343. 
 Midilendoi-ffi, 20, S3, 149. 
 rectirostris, S9, 150. 
 Schantaricus, 71. 
 Sitchensi?, 49, S3, 150, 343. 
 tabulatus, 25, 83, 89, 90, 102, 
 "4, 149, 322. 
 Cingula 
 
 inconspicua, 22i 3^t IQO- 
 
 ? O 274. 
 
 laevis, O 220. 
 minuta, 20, 220. 
 paupercula, 33, 36, 190, 259, 
 
 O 274, O 327. 
 sasicola, O 274, 327. 
 striata, O 220. 
 
 terebellum, 33, 36, 190, 274. 
 tervaricosa, O 257, P 366. 
 ?tarrita, 33, 36, 190, 274. 
 
 Circe 
 
 luargarita, 247, 306, P Si, 
 P 82. 
 
 minima, 30, P 82, 
 
 nnmmnllna, 58. 
 
 subtrigona, O 247, 306, P S2. 
 Circostrema 
 
 diadema, 336, O 360, P 44S. 
 
 funiculata, 192, 260, 284, 
 O 33<i, 360, P 447. 
 Cirrus 
 
 noJosus, P 354. 
 
 Cistula 
 
 truuhlearis, 45« 
 
 Cithara 
 
 couuinna, 1S3. 
 fuscoiiotata, 104., 218, 
 siuuata, O 2S4, 332, S 162. 
 stromboides, 24, 59, 109, 
 
 3j-' 
 ?triticea, 24, 109. 
 Clathrua 
 
 bexagonus, P 446. 
 Clathurella 
 
 aiiiea, 259, O 331, P 400. 
 
 bulla, 332. 
 
 bicanalifera, 183, O 332, P 
 
 400. 
 Candida, O 332. 
 cornuta, 332. 
 corrugata, O 332. 
 ericea, 332. 
 exigua, O 332. 
 intercalaris, O 284, 332. 
 geminulosa, O 332, 
 merita, 332. 
 micans, 332. 
 neglecta, O 332. 
 occata, 332. 
 qiiisqualis, O 332. 
 rava, O 259, P 399, p 400. 
 rigida, 184. O 332. 
 sculpta, O 332. 
 serrata, 2S4, 332. 
 variculosa, 332. 
 Clavella 
 
 distoita, 25, 179,0344. 
 Clavatula 
 
 aspera, O 205. 
 bella, 205. 
 caelata, 205. 
 Californica, 75. 
 Candida, O 205. 
 ericea, 205. 
 firiffithii, 61. 
 iinpressa, O 205. 
 lnctnosa, O 205, P 397. 
 merita, 205. 
 rnicans, O 205. 
 militaria, O 205. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 37 
 
 Clavatula 
 
 neglecta, 205. 
 
 oecata, O 205. 
 
 panialis, O 205. 
 
 pluinbea, 205, 
 
 pudicea, O 205. 
 
 prorata, 75. 
 
 quisqualis, O 205. 
 
 rava, O 205, P 399. 
 
 rigida, O 205. 
 
 pc'ulpta, U 205. 
 dementia 
 
 gracillima, 246, O 305, P 54. 
 
 snbdiaphana, SS, 93, 126. 
 Clidiophora 
 
 ai:ute<lentata, 227. 
 
 arcuata, 228. 
 
 claviculata, 225, 226, 228, 229. 
 
 cristata, 226. 
 
 depressa, 227. 
 
 discors, 228. 
 
 nasuta, 167, 226. 
 
 punctata, 99, 113, 124, 167,227. 
 
 tabacea, 226. 
 
 triliiipata, 12, 124, 167,226,227. 
 Closia. f-ee Volutella. 
 Cochlea 
 
 ueritoides, 160. 
 Cocblodesma 
 
 Leana, Q 229. 
 Cochlogeua 
 
 nielaiiia, 59. 
 
 vittata, 59 
 Cochlostyla 
 
 princeps, P 177. 
 
 nnd;ita, P 176. 
 Codakia 
 
 exasperata, 30. 
 
 punctata, 30, 106. 
 
 tigerrina, 23, 27, 106, 248, P 96. 
 Coelodon 
 
 Cumingii, 220. 
 
 delicatulus, 229. 
 
 e!ongatus, 229. 
 
 flexiiosus, 22S, 230. 
 
 anguicuius, 230. 
 
 Collonia 
 
 niarginata, 49. 
 
 Iiba.-iianflla, 192. 
 Columbella 
 
 acicula, 53. 
 
 albuginosa, 221. 
 
 angularU, iSi. 
 
 atrainentaria, iSo, O 186, 269. 
 
 baccata, ill. 
 
 bicanalit'era, iSo, O 181, 231. 
 
 bi<-olnr, 59, O 270. 
 
 Boirinii, 52, 180, 265, O 269, 
 
 O341. 
 Bridgesii, 52. 
 
 Califoriiiaiia, O 2S6, 34I. 
 Californica, 53, 351. 
 carinata, 23, 14S, 151,0 206, 
 
 O 231, O 341, 349, O351. 
 castanea, O 181, O 192, 341. 
 cervinftta, O 262, O 341, P 493. 
 rar. obsoleta, O 262, P 
 
 493- 
 citharula, O 238, 269. 
 coniformis, O 235. 
 conspicua. I So, O 269. 
 coronata, O iSi, P 507, P 508. 
 costata, 59, 171,0 263, P 
 
 50S. 
 costellata, 35, iSo, 176,0 iSr, 
 
 O 269, P 506. 
 costulata, 263, 284. 
 cribraria, 53,0 171,0 189, 
 
 231, P 4S7. 
 diniimita, 34, 180, O 269. 
 dorinitor, 2S4. 
 dorsata, iSo, 269. 
 elpctroides, 53. 
 elegans, O 181. 
 encanstica, 53. 
 feativa, 25, III, iSo, 231, 
 
 O 288, O 341. 
 fluctuata, iSo, 181, O iSi, O 
 
 269. 
 fiilguranH, P 505. 
 fulva, iSo, O 181, 238, 269, 
 
 P 509. P 543- 
 
38 
 
 INDEX OP SPECIES. 
 
 Columbella , Columbella 
 
 fusuata, 25, III, 151, 180,0 171, nioe^ta, iSi, 270. 
 
 O iSi, 210, O 235, O 238, O 
 262, 269, 283, O 294, 
 341, P 4S9, P 492, P 543. 
 
 fuscata, var. 28. 
 
 fusiform is, 206. 
 
 gaiisapata, 17, 84, 148, 210, 
 341, O 348. 
 
 gibberula, 1 80, 231, O 269. 
 
 gibbo.ia, 171, 234,0 262, 
 
 o 269, p 4S9, P 491. 
 
 Gouldiana, 21. 
 
 Gouldii, 53, 231. 
 
 gracilis, 180, O 269. 
 
 guttata 53, 180,0 181, 231, 
 
 262, O 269, P 487. 
 haemastoma, iii,0 iSi, 192, 
 231, O 269, 294, 341, 
 O361. 
 Haueti, 62. 
 
 liarpifonnis, 61, 181, O 181, O 
 230, O 231, 236, O 23S, 
 O 269, 341, P 537, P 543- 
 Hindsii, 23, 114, 148. 
 humerosa, 155, 274. 
 labiosa, 25, 48, 269, 283, 
 
 O341. 
 lactea, 53. 
 
 lanceolata, O iSi, O 190. 
 lentigiiiosa, 200, 
 ligata, O 341. 
 livida, O iSi, 341. 
 lyrata. iSo, iSi, O 269. 
 maculosa, iSi, O 231, P 513. 
 major, 25, 52, in, iSo, 171, 
 i8r, O 210, O 231, O 236, 
 262, O 269, O 341, P 489, 
 
 P491, P 492, P 507, P 537. 
 maura, O iSi. 
 
 meleagris, O 262, O 269, 294, 
 
 P492. 
 
 mercatoria, O 222. 
 
 Tinillt>ptinctata, var. 25. 
 
 mitriformis.O 177, O 262,? 4S7. 
 
 modesta, liJo, O 270. 
 
 uasuta, 238, 341, P 543- 
 uigiiuaus, iSi, O 186, 231, 
 
 O 270, 
 Pacifica. 53. 
 pallida, O 235, P 535. 
 pardalis, 341. 
 parva, 35, iSi, O 231, 270. 
 pavonia, 206. 
 paytalida, 262, 294, P 489. 
 procera, iSi, O 341, 
 pulcberrima, O 181, 341. 
 pulclirior, 181, 270. 
 punctata, P 4S7. 
 pusilla, 53. 
 
 pygmaea, iSi, O iSi, 192, 
 226, 270, P 510. 
 
 pyrostoma, O iSi. 
 
 Reevei, 53, ui. 
 
 rorida, 53. 
 
 rugulosa, 186. 
 
 rugosa, 181,0181,0231,0270. 
 
 rustica, 269, O 294, P 489, P 
 492. 
 
 saturalis, 59, 61, 269. 
 
 scalariua, 181, P 505. 
 
 solidula. III. 
 
 Sowerbyi, 270. 
 
 spadicea, 53, O 225, P 535. 
 
 Sta.-Baibarensis, 21, 53, in, 
 O 228, 231, O 341, O 349. 
 
 strombiforniis 48, 181, 171, 
 O 174, 17S, 192, 2IO, 
 O 234, 236, 262, 270, 
 O 341, P 490, P 537- 
 
 strombiformis, far. 262, 269, 
 
 P 4S9. 
 snlcosa, 53, 185, 272. 
 T«rpsicliore, O 226, 238, 263, 
 
 P 508, P 543. 
 tesswllata, 35, iSi, 270. 
 taeniata, 20, 53, 260, 225, P 
 
 535- 
 triiimphalis, 10, O 26S. 
 turrita, 181, 181, 270. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 39 
 
 Columbella 
 
 uiicinata, 25, 53, 155. 
 unicolor, 181, O 342, 361. 
 valga, 84. 
 
 varia, 181, 181, 270, P 507. 
 varians, 155, 270, O 341, 
 
 361. 
 venusta, 53. 
 vexillum, 53. 
 ColuB 
 
 arctatus, 77. 
 Concholepas 
 
 aiitiquata, P 297, R 3. 
 Peruviana, O 231. 
 subrufa, R 4. 
 Conella 
 
 cedo-milli, 28, in. 
 coniformia, 25. 
 Conovulus 
 
 uiyosotis, P 112. 
 Conu3 
 
 abbreviatus, il. 
 
 achatinus, 228, 236, 259, 
 
 P 403, P 537, U 206. 
 archon, 182, O 208, 323' 
 arcuatus, 9, 27, 46, O 176, 
 
 259. O 323, P 402. 
 arenatus, 243, 259, P 
 
 404. 
 brunueus, no, 184, 270, 
 
 292, 333, 360. 
 Californicus, 21, 23, 27, 144, 
 
 205, 332. 
 cinctiis, 170, 333. 
 coeleb3, 205. 
 comptus, 228, 230, ?S9, 
 
 O 332, P 402, U 206. 
 conclnnus, 285, 292, 297, 
 
 O332. 
 Cumingii, 46. 
 depenUturJ, 170. 
 diadem a, 1S4, 333, 360. 
 ebraeus, 7. 
 emprginatus, 152. 
 ferrugatus, 285, 332, 
 
 352. 
 
 ConuB 
 
 gladiator, 24, 27, no, 182, 
 
 259, 270, 282, 332, 
 
 P405. 
 gradatus, 7, 10, 46,0 178. 
 Lieroglyphus, il. 
 h^ieiia, O 170. 
 incurvua, 46, 
 iuterruptus, 9, 45, 46, 1 52, 154, 
 
 176, 1S7, O 23s, 360, 
 
 P 402. 
 — ^^ var. 292. 
 Largillierti, 58. 
 
 lineolatus, 170, 270, 333. 
 Lorenzianus, 46, 294, 333. 
 Luzonicus, var. 184, 333, 
 
 O360. 
 Mahogani, 9, 24, 154, 270, 
 
 282, 292, 333. 
 Mauritianus, 46. 
 Mediterraneus, 222. 
 mininiiis, O 291, O 360. 
 minimus, var. 333. 
 nux, 21, 24,27, no, 182, 
 
 259, 270, 332, 360, P 
 
 405. 
 omaria, O 238, P 544. 
 Orion, 1S2, 333. 
 var. papillosus, 46, 
 patriciiis, O 205, 333. 
 perplexus, 46. 
 Philippii, 59. 
 princeps, 7, 58, no, 170, 
 
 183, O 233, 238, 333, 
 
 352, P 544. 
 
 pulcbellus, 187. 
 puncticHlatus, 9, 27, 46, 154, 
 238, 259, 332, P 404, 
 
 PS44- 
 
 purpurascens, 24, 27, 32, no, 
 181, O 176, O 182, 228, 
 230, O 259, 270, 332, 
 364, P 402, P 403, U 206. 
 
 purpurascens, var. 259, P 
 403. 
 
 pnrpareus, 236. 
 
 23 
 
40 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES, 
 
 Conus 
 
 pusillus, 9, 21, 228, 230, 
 
 O S32, U 206. 
 var. pusillus, 1 10. 
 pustolosu3, 46. 
 pyriformis, 292, 333. 
 ravus, 21, 144, 228, O 230, 
 
 O 332, 333, 349, U 206. 
 regalitatis, 32, no, 181, 184, 
 
 O 236, O 259, 270, 282, 
 
 O 333, P 403- 
 regiu3, 7, 58, 170, 270. 
 regularis, 24, 27, 238, •". 259, 
 
 O 270, O 292, 333, O 352, 
 
 P 401, P 544. 
 regularis, var. 46, 176. 
 retiiulatus, 152. 
 scalaris, 7, 10, 46, no, 170, 
 
 O 259, P 406. 
 terebellum, O 205. 
 tiaratus, 46, O 182, 292,0 360. 
 tornaturi, 9, no, 188, 333. 
 trocliulus, O 235. 
 variii?, O 1S7, O 360. 
 virgatns, mr. 46. 
 vittatus, O 270, 292, 333. 
 Xime'ies, 9, 46, 177, 333. 
 Zebra, 46. 
 Cooperella 
 
 scintillseformis^ 97, 125. 
 Corbicula 
 
 convexa, 154, 164, 287. 
 veiitricosa, 164. 
 Corbula 
 
 alba, 224, 228, O 244, P 534, 
 
 P547. 
 blcarinata, 23, 183, O 224, O 
 
 228, 244, 280, 281, 
 
 300, O 364, P 21, U 199. 
 biradiata, 20, 23, 39, 123, 204, 
 
 205, 183, 244, 2S0, 
 
 O 300, P 22. 
 Boivinei, 300. 
 carinata, 224. 
 Cnbaniaiia, 364. 
 Diegoana, 75. 
 
 Corbula 
 
 fragilia, O 207, 300. 
 
 gibbosa, O 175, 347. 
 
 luteola, 97, 123. 
 
 mariiiorata, 207, 300. 
 
 nasuta, 23, O 228, O 300. 
 
 miciformis, 23, 154, 183, 
 300. 
 
 obeaa, 204, 207, O 300. 
 
 ovulata, 33, 154, 204, O 183, 
 22S, O 244, O 2S0, 300, 
 P23. 
 
 polychroma, 20, 39, 205, 226, 
 O 228, O 300, U 19S. 
 
 pustulosa, 39, 204, 244, 300, 
 P 22. 
 
 radiata, 207. 
 
 rostrata, 175. 
 
 rubra, 39, 204, O 2S0, 300, 
 
 soaplioides, P 547. 
 
 speclosa, 207, O 300. 
 
 Taheitensis, 280. 
 
 tenuis, 23, 204, O 183, 228, 
 O 244, 2S0, O 300. 
 
 ?nstulata, 236, P 539. 
 
 ventricosa, 5S4, 300. 
 
 venusta, 73. 
 Coralliophila 
 
 Caiifornica, O 287. 
 
 niadrpporarum, 63. 
 Corniculina 
 
 Ebrenbergii, X 419. 
 Cornuoides 
 
 major, X 416, X 425, X 426. 
 
 minor, X 426, X 436. 
 Coronaads 
 
 nux, P 405. 
 Crania 
 I radiosa, 55. 
 
 Crassatella 
 I alta, 75. 
 
 collina, 81. 
 
 Esquimalti, qi. 
 
 Guadalupensis, P 549. 
 
 gibbosa, 23, 106, 155, 204, 306, 
 280, 297. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 41 
 
 Crassatella 
 
 Martinicensis, 364, P 549. 
 
 Facifica, loi. 
 
 undulata, 297. 
 
 Uvasana, 75. 
 
 variaiis, 106. 
 Crassispira 
 
 aterrima, P 393. 
 
 incrassata, P 392. 
 
 luctuosa, P 397. 
 
 rudis, P 393. 
 
 zonulata, P 395. 
 Cremides 
 
 Barbadensis, P 215. 
 
 Peruviana, P 219. 
 
 rugosa, P 216. 
 Crenella 
 
 coarctata, 50, 107, O 226, 234, 
 248, O 309, 359, P 123. 
 
 decussata, 97, 130, 169, 170, 
 212. 
 
 discrepans, 309. 
 
 inflata, 39, 104, 21 1. 
 Crepidula 
 
 aculeata, 24, 27, 47, 51, 69, 92, 
 108, 140, 196, O 2, 190, 200, 
 O 235, 236, O 254, 2S2, 
 
 323, 353, O 363, 36s, 
 P 268, P 269, P 283, P 292. 
 
 aculeata, var. 276, V 225. 
 
 Adolphei, 254, P 272. 
 
 adunca, 23, 25, 27, 31, 37, 51, 
 79, 98, 108, 140, 197,0 174, 
 O 206, 209, 212, O 230, 
 O 236, O 254, 276, 323, 
 P 263, P 275, P 277. 
 
 arcuata, O 254, P 272. 
 
 arenata, 27, 51, 151, 184, 
 282, 323, P 275. 
 
 arenata, var. 151. 
 
 anricnlata, P 289. 
 
 var. bilobata, 17, 52, 140, O 3, 
 O254. 
 
 ca'iceolina, 276. 
 
 Californica, 52, 2, 2CX), 
 254, P 268, V 225. 
 
 Crepidula 
 
 calyptraeformis, P 270. 
 capeusis, O 209, P 268. 
 cerithicola, 254, 276, P 27S. 
 contorta, 239, O 254, P 278, 
 
 P545- 
 costata, 2, 236,0 239,0 254, 
 
 P 268, P 537, P 545. 
 depressa, O 254, P 272. 
 dilatata, 51, 172, O 190, O 
 
 254, 323, 366, P 272, 
 
 P 285, P 292. 
 dilatata, rar. 190. 
 dorsata, 13, 17, 23, 52, 92, 140, 
 
 O 254, P 273, P 274, P 288. 
 echinus, 52,0254,0276,0363, 
 
 P 268. 
 excavata, 20, 24, 51, 98, 108, 
 
 140, 152, 196, 230, 235, 
 
 O 254, O 276, 364, P 274. 
 ——— var. loS. 
 explanata, 27, 52, 140, 200, 
 
 O 204, O 228, O 233, O 255, 
 
 323, P 281, P 282, U 205, 
 
 V 225. 
 
 exuviata, 140, 200, O 228, 
 O 233, O 255, P 281, U 205, 
 
 V 225. 
 flmbriata, 17, 51, 140. 
 foliacea, 190, 254, P 272, P 
 
 292. 
 fornicata, 20, P 282, P 286. 
 Goreensis. O 239, 369, 365, 
 
 P 280, P 284, P 286, P 545. 
 grandis, 20, 25, 70, 76, 169, 322, 
 
 O 216, 223, 323. 
 hepatica, 196, 236, O 254, O 
 
 276, P 276, P 278, P 537, V 225. 
 hystrix, 5 :, 363, P 269, P 293. 
 
 var. 69. 
 
 incurva, 24, 37, 52, 79, 154, 196, 
 
 O 190, O 230, 236, O 254, 
 
 O 276, 284, 323, 352, 
 
 P 276, P 277, P 279, P 292. 
 incurva, var. P 275. 
 incurvata, 175. 
 
43 
 
 INDEX OP SPECIES, 
 
 Crepidula 
 
 Italica, 255, 276, P 284. 
 Lessonii, 51, 140, 196, 197, 
 190, 276, O 3SS, P 269, 
 P 282, P 293. 
 lineolata, P 272. 
 lingulata, 17, 52, 92, 140,0 209, 
 
 0323- 
 
 lirata, 52. 
 
 margiiialis, O 184, 324, P 292. 
 
 miuuta, 17, 20, O 200, O 216, 
 
 O 223, 323, V 225. 
 naatiloides, 51, O 254, P 272. 
 navicelloides, 17, 20, 25,52, 140, 
 
 O 200, P 2S1, V 225. 
 navicelloides, var. 200. 
 nivea, 26, 37, 154, 196, 197, 2, 
 
 O 190, O 255, 276, O 323, 
 
 O 358, P 269, P 270, P 272, 
 
 P 279, P 281, p 2S2, p 285, 
 
 P 286, P 292, P 293, U 205, 
 V 225. 
 
 nivea, var. O 190, 239, 276. 
 
 nummaria, 17, 52, 140, O 200, 
 O 209, 212, 323, V 225. 
 
 onyx, 27, 37, 52, loS, 152, 196, 
 O 190, O 200, O 204, O 230, 
 O 235, O 254, 276, O 278, 
 O 323, O 364, 366, P 272, 
 P 276, P 277, P 292, V 225. 
 
 osculans, 31, 37, 197, O 276, 
 
 323. 
 pallida, 254, P 272. 
 Patagonica, 190, O 254,0 255, 
 
 P 272, P 281, P 292. 
 patula, O 254, P 272. 
 perforans, 52, 140, 200, 228, 
 
 O 233, IT 205, V 225. 
 Peruviana, O 24,3 254, 366, 
 
 P 272. 
 plana, 255, O 276, P 284. 
 porcellana, O 364, P 275. 
 prinoeps, 20, 25, 76, 166. 
 prorupta, 166, 369. 
 protea, 255, P 272, P 281 ,P 292. 
 rostriformis, 32, 37, 51, 140, 197, 
 
 Crepidula 
 
 O 209, 230, 254, O 276, 
 
 3^3, P 275- 
 roatrata, 32, 37, 52, 140, 197, 
 
 254, O 276, O 323, P 275. 
 rudis. P 263, P 2S9. 
 rugosa, 23, 27, 51, 79, 140, o 200, 
 
 O 323, 349, P 278, P 279, 
 
 V 224. 
 Sitchana, 20, 216, 223, 
 
 323- 
 solida, 31, 37, 51, 140, 197, 
 
 206, 216, O 224, 254, 
 
 O 276, 323, P 275. 
 sordida, O 324, 
 squama, 32, 51, 140, 196, 184, 
 
 235, 255, O 276, 286, 
 
 P 269, P 280, P 281, V 225, 
 squamosa, 35. 
 strigata, 254, P 272. 
 striolata, 37, 2, 239, O 255, 
 
 O 276, P 280, P 281, P 282, 
 
 P545. 
 
 umbrella, P 263, P 289. 
 
 uncpta, 32, 37, 52, 140, 197, 
 254, 276, P 275, P 538. 
 
 unguiculua, P 281. 
 
 var. 255, P 281. 
 
 nnguifnrmis, 27, 37, 140, 196, 
 197, 2, 184, 222, 255, 
 O 276, 282, 323, 363, 
 365, P 272, P 2S2, P 284, 
 P 2S5, P 2S6, V 225. 
 
 unguiformis, var. 275. 
 Crepipatella 
 
 auuleata, P 268. 
 
 Adolphei, P 272. 
 
 dilatata, P 272. 
 
 dorsata, 3, 
 
 echinus, P 268. 
 
 explanata, 2. 
 
 foliacea, P 272. 
 
 hepatica, P 278 
 
 hystrix, P 268. 
 
 pallida, P 272. 
 
 strigata, P 272. 
 
INDEX OP SPECIES. 
 
 48 
 
 Creseia 
 
 caligula, O 173. 
 coruucopiae, 173. 
 rugulosa, X 425. 
 Crucibulum 
 
 auriculatum, T 168. 
 
 auritum, 52. 
 
 Byroneuse, 52. 
 
 cinereum, 52. 
 
 corrugatum, 24, 52, U 204. 
 
 dentatum, O 235, T 167. 
 
 extiuctoruin, O 364, P 287, 
 
 ferrugineum, 52. 
 
 gemmaceum, 52. 
 
 liispidum, 52. 
 
 imbricatuin, 27, 52, loS, 151, 
 
 152, 153, 195, O 3, 179, 
 
 190, 204, 230, 235, 
 
 255, O 275, O 323, P 287, 
 
 P 292, P 293, T 167, T 168. 
 imbricatum, vor. 275. 
 imbricatuin, var. Bioderipii, O 
 
 190, 28S, P 2S7, T 1 68, 
 
 U 205. 
 imbricatum, var. Carribbense, 
 
 T 167, 
 imbricatum, var. Cumingii, O 
 
 190, O 288, 363, P 292, 
 
 T167. 
 Jewettii, 21, 228,0 230, 323. 
 lignarium, 52, 224, 323. 
 maculatum, 52. 
 var. 195, 
 
 ctinatum, 24, 27, 52, P 292, 
 
 T 168. 
 peziza, 52. 
 quiriquinum, 52. 
 radiatum, 24, 323. 
 rude, 195, 235, 276, 282, 
 
 T 168. 
 rugosiim, 52, 255. 
 scutellatura, 52, 255, P 287. 
 serratum, 52, 323, P 292. 
 sordidum, 52. 
 spinosum, 23, 24, 27, 52, 61, 76, 
 
 79, 108, 140, 15I1 152, 195. 
 
 Crucibulum 
 
 O 3,0 179, 190, 200, 
 
 204, O 230, 233, O 235, 
 
 O 255, O 280, O 283, O 323^ 
 
 O 353, P 290, P 292, P 293. 
 spinosum, i-nr. 10. 
 spiuoAum, var. comprfsso-coni- 
 
 cum, O 288, T 107, 
 striatum, 52. 
 tenue, O 235. 
 tubiferum, 52. 
 umbrella, 24, 27, 43, 52, 195, 
 
 O 323, 364, P 295, T 168. 
 unguis, 52. 
 
 violasceus, T 166, U 205. 
 Crypta 
 
 Goreeusis, P 285. 
 nivea, 2, P 281. 
 Peruviana, P 272. 
 rostrata, P 275. 
 rugosa, P 278. 
 Cryptobranchia 
 t-audida, O 219. 
 cfeea, 219. 
 Cryptochiton 
 
 Stelleri, 23, 70, 134, 297, 
 
 0318. 
 Cryptodon 
 
 lltxuosus, 97, 129, 168. 
 
 myoides, 1 1. 
 
 Niittar.ii, II, 61, 72, O 194, 
 
 300, O349, V 210. 
 serricatus, 88, 129. 
 Cryptomya 
 
 Californica, 22, 26, 71, 78, 79, 
 
 87, 88, 119, 123, 194,0 211, 
 
 V 210. 
 ovalis, 79, 
 Cul . ellus 
 
 lucidus, O 349. 
 subteres, 195. 
 Cuma 
 
 calcar, P 482. 
 
 costatnm, 7, 35, 155, 180, 262, 
 
 340, P 482, P 484, P 485. 
 diadema, P 482. 
 
44 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Cuma 
 
 kiosquiforme, 24, iSo, 262, 
 
 O 340, P 4S1. 
 kiosquiforme, var. 190. 
 sulcatum, O 269. 
 tectum, 24, 48, 180, O 182, O 191, 
 
 O340, P355, P475, P481. 
 Cumingia 
 
 -Adamsii, 38, 203. 
 Californica, 26, 126,0 195,0231, 
 O 234, O 245, O 304, 351, 
 
 var. 
 
 O 234, O 245, w jv 
 
 O 353, P 30, V 213. 
 
 ir. coarctata, 38, 47, 203, 
 
 245, 279. 
 lamellosa, 38, 47, 203, 183, 
 
 O 24s, 304, P 29, P 30. 
 siniilis, 40. 
 
 striata, O 245. 
 
 trigonularis, 38, 47, 105, 203, 
 O 245, O 279, O ^f"- P "JO. 
 var. 184. 
 
 — 7 — — r_;- 
 
 trigonularis, 38, 47, 105, 2 
 O 245, O 279, O 304, P 30. 
 
 • var. '^ '*'' 
 
 Cyathodonta 
 
 plicata, 27. 
 
 nndulata, 119. 
 Cycladella 
 
 papyracea, 29, 257. 
 Cycladina 
 
 Adausonii, P 108. 
 Cyclas 
 
 acuminata, 164. 
 
 australis, P 108. 
 
 calyculata, O 222, P 106. 
 
 cornea, 164, 210, 222, P !o6. 
 
 edeutula, 164. 
 
 egregia, O 213, 308. 
 
 Estrellana, 81. 
 
 inornata, 164. 
 
 minor, 165. 
 
 modesta, 164. 
 
 iiobilia, 165. 
 
 ovalis, 165. 
 
 panduta, 81. 
 
 patella, 165, O 210, 308. 
 
 permacra, 81. 
 
 simplex, 164. 
 
 Spokani, 91. 
 
 Cyclas 
 
 striatina, 164. 
 tenuistriata, 164, 
 triangularis, 164. 
 tumida, 91. 
 Cyclina 
 
 producta, 2S4, 305, S l6r. 
 saccata, O 305. 
 
 subquadrata, 77, 201, O 227, 
 O 246, 2 78, 305, O 364, 
 P62, S 161, U 201. 
 Cyclophorua 
 
 pouderosus, 45. 
 translucidiis, 45. 
 Cyclostoma 
 
 acutuui, O 220. 
 anatinum, O 220. 
 giganteum, 185. 
 Mexicanum, O 265. 
 Cyclostrema 
 
 excavatum, T 169. 
 octoliratum, T 169. 
 pentegoniostoma, T 169. 
 Cyclotus 
 
 giganteus, 326. 
 Cyllcbna 
 
 Carpenter!, 34. 
 
 (fcylindracea, var.) attonsa, 
 
 23. 89, 133, 169. 
 inculta, 133. 
 luticola, 34, 194, 250, 275, 
 
 O313, P170. 
 mamillata, 133, 366. 
 planata, 133, 307. 
 triticea, 71. 
 Cylinder 
 
 porplijreticas, 48. 
 Cylindrella 
 
 Ghiesbrephti, 44. 
 Liebmauiii, 295. 
 Pfeifferi, 295. 
 salpinx, 44. 
 teres. O 295. 
 Cymbium 
 
 patulum, 48. 
 tuberosum, 48. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 45 
 
 Cypraea 
 
 aiiusta, 9, O 291. 
 
 acicularis, P 373 
 
 albiiginosa, 8, 45, O 291. 
 
 approxiiuaiid, O 285. 
 
 Arabica, O 239, O 265, P 545. 
 
 arabicula, 35, 170,0 164,0 170, 
 O 178,(3 235,0 236,0 239, 
 282, P 373, P 537, P 545- 
 
 arabicula, var., O 267. 
 
 armaiiiua, 18S, O 292. 
 
 Califurniaua, 8. 
 
 Califoruica, 230, 291. 
 
 caudidula, O 2S5, O 294. 
 
 cervina, O 25S, P 371. 
 
 cervinetta, 176, 258, O 267, 
 
 o 282, 328,0 363, P 3-1, 
 
 P372- 
 cervus, O 258, P 372. 
 
 var. P 371. 
 
 coslata, 8. 
 
 eglantina, 11, 265. 
 exanthema, 27, 153, 154, i65, 
 
 176, O 258, O 32S, 362, O 
 
 363, P 371, P 372. 
 . var. O 267. 
 
 flaveola, P 373. 
 fusca, 187, 239, P 378, P 
 
 545- 
 irina, 1S7. 
 Laraarckii, O 170, O 293. 
 lathyrus, 258, 293. 
 Maugeriffi, O 1S2, O 291, 
 uigropuuctata, 187, 190. 
 nymphsB, O 291. 
 obesa, 235. 
 olorina, 285. 
 oniscus, 8, O 267, P 376. 
 onyx, 9, 49, 291. 
 Pacifica, O 182, 230. 
 pediculus, 8, O 230. 
 poraria, 8. 
 pulla, 186, O 2S6, O 291, P 
 
 379- 
 punctulata, 35, 176, O 230, O 
 267, 291, P 374. 
 
 Cypraea 
 
 pustulata, 6, 8, 48, 176, 174, 
 230, O 236, 239, 267, 
 
 P 375, P 537, P 545. 
 radians, 8, 177, O 170, 174, 
 
 230, 233, 267. 
 rubescens, 35, 177, O 182, O 
 
 267, 291, P 3 78. 
 sauguinea, 177, O 230, O 236, 
 
 O 239, O 25S, 267, O 2S8, 
 
 293, P 537, P 545. 
 Solaudri, 230, 236, 291, 
 
 P 377, P 537. 
 Sowerbyi, O 235, 236, 293, 
 
 P537. 
 spadicea, 7, 8, 49, 230, 235. 
 spurca, P 373. 
 stercoraria, P 373. 
 subrostrata, 8, O 239, 292, 
 
 O 294, P 379, P 545. 
 suffusa, 188, O 230, O 292. 
 tigris, 109. 
 zebra, P 371. 
 
 zonata, 235, 236, 293. 
 Cypraecassia 
 tenuis, 153, 
 testiculus, 152. 
 Cyrena 
 
 acuta, 164. 
 
 aequi lateralis, 164. 
 
 altilis, 164, O I, 227, 232, 
 
 O 248, P 115, U 202. 
 angulata, 164. 
 Califoruica, 164. 
 cordiformis, 164. 
 Cuuiingii, 164, O 287. 
 Floridana, i, O 281, P 115, 
 
 P 116. 
 Fontaine!, 164, 248, 281, 
 
 P 114. 
 fragilis, 164, P 115. 
 inflata, 164, 287, 296, O 
 
 309. 
 Insignis, 164, 287, 308. 
 maritima, 38, 164, 201, 278, 
 
 309, S 161. 
 
46 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Cyrena 
 
 Mexicaua, 27, 164, O i, 175, 
 0248,0281,0308, P 115. 
 
 Muxicaua, vur. O 227, O 232. 
 
 altilis, U 202. 
 
 olivacea, 27, 164, 248, "O 281, 
 30S, P 114, P 1 16, 
 
 Panainendi:^, 164. 
 
 placens, P 114. 
 
 pullastra, 164, 
 
 radiata, 164. 
 
 Recluzii, 164. 
 
 solida, 60, 164, 281, O 309. 
 
 sordida, 164. 
 
 subquadiata, 164, 287, 309. 
 
 triangula, 164. 
 
 tumida, 164. 
 
 vai; lis, 164, P 115. 
 Cyrenoida 
 
 seirifata, P 104. 
 Cyrtopleura 
 
 truuL-ata, 121. 
 Cyrtulus 
 
 distortus, 231. 
 
 patulus, P 501. 
 Cytherea 
 
 aHjuilatera, 203, 246, P 549, 
 
 affinis, 201, O 1S5, O 191,0 229, 
 O 247, 278, P 69. 
 
 alternata, 247, O 2S9, P 69. 
 
 argeutiua, 185, O 236, P 539. 
 
 arguta, 60. 
 
 aurantia, 174, 229, 278. 
 
 a rantiaca, 47, 201, 246, 
 278, P 63. 
 
 biradiata, 9, 211, 236, 
 246, 366, P 64. 
 
 brevispina, O 281. 
 
 brevispiiiosa, O 289, P 69. 
 
 callosa, r2, 279, 197, V 216, 
 
 casta, P 70. 
 
 castanea, P 70. 
 
 chione, O 2ir, 2S9, P 64. 
 
 chionsea, O 236, P 64, P 539. 
 
 circiriata, O 289, P 69. 
 
 concinna, O 185, P 69. 
 
 Cytherea 
 
 consauguima, 5S, 201, O 278. 
 corbiuula, O 246, P 54, P 55, 
 
 P539. 
 crassatelloides, 58,0 196,0 207, 
 
 P 58, V 216. 
 Darieiia, 80. 
 deci.sa, 77. 
 Dioue, iv(r. 61, 1S5, O 246, 
 
 O 2S5, P 67. 
 Dunkuri, 60. 
 elegaus, O 246, P 64. 
 erycinoides, V 216. 
 forinosa, P 70. 
 fusca, P 70. 
 gigaiitea, 39, 60, 246, 2S9, 
 
 P 60. 
 gracilior, 58, 246, P 55. 
 graphiua, P 70. 
 (lUineeusis, P 69. 
 Iliiidsii, 246, P 55. 
 impudiea, P 70. 
 
 iuterniiilia, 246, 289, P 55. 
 IsBta, 58. 
 lepida, 246. 
 lijula, 58. 
 lupiuaria, 6, 1S5, 229, 
 
 2S4, P 67. 
 Insoria, P 70. 
 lutfiv, 5S. 
 m ictroides, 60, O 246, P 55, P 
 
 59. 
 meretrix, 58, P 70. 
 morphiua, P 70. 
 uitidnla, 58. 
 nobilis, 12, 106, 280. 
 oviiin, P 70. 
 
 Pacifica, 60, O 246, P 55. 
 peteuhialis, 69, O 202, 247, 
 
 O 305, O 366, P 70. 
 lanulata, 47, 1 76, 189, P 59. 
 punctata, P 97. 
 radiata, 58, 201, O 191, 278. 
 rosea, 175. 
 semifulva, 236, O 246, P 55, 
 
 PS39. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES 
 
 47 
 
 Cytherea 
 
 beuiilatnellosa, 6, 6i, 246, F 
 67, P 68. 
 
 solidissiiua, 196, O 296. 
 
 Sijualida, 201, 246, 278, 
 O 366, P 64. 
 
 subsulcata, O 247, P 79. 
 
 tigerina, P 96. 
 
 tortuosa, O 185, 229, 247. 
 
 undulata, O 1S9, O 246, P 59. 
 
 uuicolor, O 185. 
 
 vuliierata, O 185, P 68. 
 
 zonaria, P 70. 
 Cytbna 
 
 alLi.la, 99, 143. 
 
 asteriapliila, 104, 218. 
 
 tumeus, 143, 218. 
 
 Dactylidea 
 
 mutica, P 470, 
 Dactylina 
 
 Caiupechensis, 121. 
 
 Chiloensls, 121. 
 
 dactylus, 39. 
 
 laqueata, 23. 
 Dactylus 
 
 iucrassatus, P 464, 
 Daedalochila 
 
 iiiiplicata, 294. 
 Daphnella 
 
 aspera, 144, 314. 
 
 eflfusa, 114, 144, 243. 
 
 casta, 24, 109, O 205, 332. 
 
 crebriplicata, 109. 
 
 filosa, 23, 144, 284. 
 Darina 
 
 declivis, 93, 123, 251. 
 Defirancia 
 
 bella, 230, O 349. 
 
 iutercalaris, S 163. 
 
 intricata, 97, 122, P 6, 244, 
 O 298. 
 
 ran a, P 399, 
 
 rava, 259, 331, S 163, S 
 164. 
 
 aerrata, S 163. 
 
 Dendronotua 
 
 aiboresceus, 2lS, 313. 
 
 iris, 95. 
 Dendropoma 
 
 lituella, 42. • 
 iiiHganiastum, 42. 
 Dentalium 
 
 corrugatum, O 251, 317, P 
 
 1 89. 
 deiitalis, O 222. 
 eburneuin, 134. 
 elephaiitinuiu, P 314, X 419. 
 eutalis, 46, 98, 134, O 296, 
 glabrim, X 414, X 435, X 436. 
 
 V(ir. X 414. 
 
 liexagorinm, 46, 98, 134, 154, 
 h7alinum,3i, 134, O 225,0251, 
 
 O317. P18S, P536. 
 imperforatum, X 414, X 425, 
 
 X436. 
 incurvum, X 425. 
 var. Indianoruii), 98, 134, 169. 
 lac'teum, 31, 152. 
 liratULQ, 46, 251, 317, P 188. 
 miuutum, X 413, X 435. 
 nebulosuni, O 175. 
 polituin, O 223, 317. 
 pretiosum, 31, 46, 98, 134, 
 
 251, 296, P 1S9. 
 pseudosexagonum, 46. 
 quadrangulare, 46. 
 rectius, 89, 134. 
 semi poll turn, 31, 98, 134, 152, 
 
 O 175. 
 spleiididutn, 46. 
 gtriolatum, 46. 
 oubstriatum, 367. 
 tessaragoiiuin, O 180, 317. 
 tetragonujn, 46, 152. 
 trachea, X 414, X 423, X 425, ' 
 
 var. X 414. 
 
 Diadora 
 
 crucibuliformis, 80. 
 Diala 
 
 acuta, 99, 143. 
 electrina, 104, 217. 
 
48 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Diala 
 
 luaiuillata, ^j, P 412. 
 , martuorea, 99, 143. 
 
 paupercula, 259 
 Dioue 
 
 affliiis, O 305. 
 
 alteniala, 363. 
 
 auraiitia, O 246, O 305, P 56 
 
 P63. 
 aurantiaca, 282. 
 biradiata, O 232, 305, P VI. 
 brevispina, 57. 
 brevispinata, 57, 281, P 69. 
 brevispinosa, 247, O 305, 
 
 358, P 69. 
 cbione, 366, P VI., P 63, P 
 
 65. 
 chionaea, 226, 232, 234, 
 
 O 246, 282, 305, 352, 
 
 366,PVI,P63, P64,P65, 
 
 P70. 
 cbionaea, var. 364. 
 circinata, 58, ^32, O 247, O 
 
 305, 363, P 69. 
 concinna, 247, O 305, P 69. 
 cousaiiguinea, 305. 
 dioiie, 232, 364. 
 elegans, P VI. 
 exspinata, 58. 
 lepida, 234. 
 lupiuaria, 57, 232, O 246, O 
 
 265, O 297, 305, 358, O 
 
 O 364, P 67. 
 maculata, 57, 364, P 65. 
 miiltispiuosa, 57. 
 Dobilis, 57. 
 pannosa, 58, 211. 
 prora, 58. 
 
 . var. 210. 
 
 puella, 21. 
 
 rosea, 232, 234, O 246, O 
 
 305, P 66. 
 Bemilamellosa, 57, 58. 
 squalida, 305, P VI., P 64. 
 tortuosa, O 305. 
 uuicolor, jS, 305. 
 
 Dlone 
 
 Veneris, 57, P 67. 
 vulnerata, O 246, 305, P 68. 
 Diplodonta 
 
 calculus, 106,0 308. 
 
 circularis, 366. 
 
 obliqua, 224, 248, O 308, 
 
 P 103, P 534- 
 orbella, 12, 22, 26, 113, 129,0 
 
 197, 232, 308, O 349, 
 
 O 351, 352, U 202, V 218. 
 semiaspera, 30, 154, O 197, 
 
 O 224, O 229, 248, 297, 
 
 30S, 363, 366, P 102. 
 
 var. 227, U 202. 
 
 semiaspera, var. discrepans, 
 
 O 248, P 103. 
 serricata, 248, P 104. 
 subquadrata, 106, 2S7, 308, 
 
 Q 230. 
 trigonula, P 103. 
 iindata, P 103. 
 Discina 
 
 Cumingii, 37, 105, 155, 194,205, 
 
 266, 244, O 298, 366, P 7. 
 Evan^ i, 55, 102, 29S, O 349. 
 striata, 366. 
 strigata, 54. 
 Discopora 
 
 tris-pinosa, P 3. 
 Discus 
 
 Vancoaverensis, 157. 
 Dispotaea 
 
 Byronensis, 10. 
 dentata, 3, P 2S7. 
 spiuosa, O 239, P 546. 
 striata, Q 234. 
 Distortio 
 
 anus, O 171. 
 coiistrictus, 182. 
 Ditrupa 
 
 gad us, X 413. 
 Dolium 
 
 crassilabre, O 238, P 543. 
 dentatum, 8, 238, P 543. 
 latilabre, 238. 
 
IJDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 49 
 
 Dolium 
 
 personatum. 238. 
 
 petrosum, 166, O 367. 
 
 plicosum, 238. 
 
 pomum, 174. 
 
 riugens, 8, 179,0 231, 238, 
 269, 292. 
 Donaz 
 
 abruptus, O 232. 
 
 assimilis, 23, 202, O 1S6, O 236, 
 245, O 279, O 297, O 304, 
 
 P44. 
 
 bellus, O 226, 2S7, 304. 
 
 var. caelatus, 23, 106. 
 
 Californicns, 22, 26, 126, 151, 
 195, O 196, O 227, 229, 
 O 232, 241, O 246, O 287, 
 O 296, O 304, O 349, 351, 
 352, P 47, P 54S, U 200, 
 V213. 
 
 cariuatus, 23, 38, 154, 202, 
 O 208, O 232, O 285, 304, 
 
 P 43, P 44- 
 carinatus, var. 202, 245, P 43. 
 Carpenteri, 287, O 304. 
 compressus, 236, P 539. 
 Conradi, 106, 170, 241, 
 
 O 246, O 287, O 289, 304, 
 
 P 46, P 47, P 548, V 213. 
 Couradi, var. 196. 
 contusus, O 241, O 246, 287, 
 
 O 289, P 47, P 548. 
 culminatus, 38, 202, 229, 
 
 O 245, P 43, P 548, U 200. 
 culler, 241, O 246, 2S5, 
 
 O 287, P 47, P 48. 
 
 var. P 48, P 548. 
 
 elongatas, 9. 
 
 flexuosus, 21, 22, 126, 227, 
 
 O 229, O 304, O 349, P 44, 
 
 P 548, U 200. 
 gracilis, 23, 202, 186, O 229, 
 
 O 279, 304. 
 loBvigatus, O 227, O 232. 
 Lainarckii, 21. 
 Lessoni, 246, P 59. 
 4 
 
 Donaz 
 
 Martinicensis, 245. 
 navicula, 23, 27, 106, 126, 202, 
 
 O i86, O 229, O 246, O 279, 
 
 O 304, P so, P 54S. 
 obesus, 126, 195, O 196, O 
 
 227, 296, 304, U 200, 
 
 V213. 
 obesulus, 287. 
 ovalinus, O 2S7, O 304. 
 Panamensis, 295, O 304. 
 pretextus, O 367. 
 pulchellus, Q 230. 
 punctatostriatus, 7, 23, 27, 77, 
 
 126, 151,0 170,0 232,0241, 
 
 O 246, O 285, 296, O 304, 
 
 P 44, P 46, P 48, U 200, V 
 
 213- 
 
 punctostriatus, var. cselatus, 
 
 O 246, P 46. 
 radiatus, 7,0 170,0 191,0 246, 
 
 O 287, P 44. 
 rostratus, 23, 27, 38, 154, 202, 
 
 O 229, O 24s, 279, 304, 
 
 O 364, P 54S, U 200. 
 rugosus, 364. 
 scalpellum, 9, 178, P 44. 
 scortum, 296. 
 semistriatus, O 287, Q 230. 
 serrula, P 548. 
 stultorum, 10. 
 sulcatus, 226. 
 transversus, 23, 154, 174, 
 
 O 245, 304, P 44, P 548. 
 Doris 
 
 alabastrina, 94. 
 albopunctata, 95. 
 • Sandiegensis, 94, 95. 
 sanguinea, 94, 95. 
 Montereyensis, 94, 95. 
 Doslnia 
 
 alta, 80, 81. 
 
 Annae, 154, O 246, 305, P 61. 
 
 callosa, 279, 281, O 305, O 
 
 349, V 216. 
 concentiica, P 60. 
 
50 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Dosinia 
 
 distans, P 6o. 
 
 Duukeri, 23, 106, 163, O 186, 
 
 O 229, O 232, 246, O 2S2, 
 
 287, O 305. 
 gigantea, 232, O 234. 
 longula, 80, 8i. 
 Montana, 81. 
 ponderosa, 27, 39, 106, 151, 
 
 246, 305, P 60, P 61, 
 saccata, 232. 
 simplex, 232, 287, 305, 
 
 P61. 
 subobliqua, 81. 
 turgida, O 28:. 
 Drillia 
 
 alabastra, 364. 
 albicostata, 331, 360. 
 albolaqueata, 155. 
 albonodosa, O 331, P 397. 
 albovallosa, 109, 226, O 230, 
 
 25S, 331, P 296. 
 appressa, 104, 218. 
 arcaata, 331. 
 aspera, P 395. 
 ater, 331. 
 aterrima, 24, 36, 109, 183. 184, 
 
 331, 364, P 393, P 395. 
 aterrima, var. Melchersi, 36, 
 
 109, 258, P 393. 
 atrior, 331. 
 atronodosa, O 258. 
 ticolor, 331, O 360. 
 cancellata, 89, 144. 
 cerithoidea, 258, 330, P 
 
 394. 
 cincta, O 331. 
 coelata, O 331. 
 coelebs, 331. 
 collaris, 183, 331. 
 corrngata, 183, O 331. 
 discors, 183, O 331. 
 duplicata, 184, O 331. 
 eburnea, 154, 273. 
 exarata, 24. 
 exceutrica, 184, 331, O 360. 
 
 Drillia 
 
 gibbosa, 364, P 392. 
 gracillima, vur. 24. 
 graudimaculata, 184, 331. 
 granulosa, 331. 
 Ilanleyi, O 259, O 331, P 398. 
 liexagona, 24. 331, 
 impressa, 331. 
 iucisa, 89, 143, 144, 
 incrassata, 24, 154, 184,0 258, 
 
 33h O 364, P 392. 
 inermis, 23, 27, 70, 143, 169, 
 
 O330. 
 luctuosa, 109, 143, 258, O 
 
 33°, P 385, P 392, P 394, 
 
 P 397, P 398. 
 maculosa, P 391. 
 maura, 109. 
 militaris, 331. 
 modesta, 331. 
 moBsta, 23, 143, 283. 
 monilifera, 258, 331, P 395. 
 nigenima, 24, 184, 331. 
 iiitida, 331. 
 obeliscus, 184, 331. 
 pallida, 184, O 331. 
 paidalis, 331. 
 penicillata, 144, 151, 314. 
 plumbea, 330. 
 puuctatostriata, 284, 23^ t 
 
 S 164. 
 rudis, 24, 184, O 258, 282, 
 
 O33', P393, P394. 
 rngifera, 331, O 360. 
 rustica, 331. 
 splendidula, 331, 360. 
 Btriosa, 1S4, O 331. 
 thiarella, P 395. 
 torosa, 143. 
 (?torosa, var.) aurantia, 143, 
 
 313- 
 nnicolor, 331. 
 zonulata, 1S4, 258, 331, 
 
 P 395. 
 Dunkeria 
 
 cancellata, 260, 335, P 435. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 51 
 
 Dunkeiia 
 
 intermedia, 260, O 335, P 435. 
 laminata, 23, 145, 286. 
 paucilirata, 260, O 335, P 434. 
 subangulata, 36, 187, 260, 
 
 335, P 434. 
 var. 36. 
 
 Elephantulum 
 
 abnoimale, O 255, O 324, X 442. 
 lieptagoDutn, O 256, 324, X 
 
 442. 
 imbricatum, X 442. 
 insculptum, 255, 324, X 
 
 442. 
 laqueatum, O 324, X 442. 
 liratocinctum, 256, 324, X 
 
 442. 
 
 442. 
 
 var. snbconicum, X 442. 
 subobsoletum, X 
 
 var. 
 
 ■ i-ar. 
 
 tenuiliratum, X 442. 
 
 liratum, X 442. 
 
 obtusum, O 255, 324, X 442. 
 
 plicatum, X 442. 
 
 subspirale, 255, 324, X 442. 
 Iimarginula 
 
 crenulata, O 175. 
 
 rosea, 136, P 276, P 296. 
 Engina 
 
 alveolata, O 341. 
 
 carbonaria, 181, 341, 361. 
 
 crocostoma, 25, 112, 231, 
 O 341, 361, 
 
 ferruginosa, 231, 
 
 heptagonalis, 341. 
 
 jugosa, 270, O 341. 
 
 manra, O 341, 361. 
 
 pulchra, 181, 341, O 361. 
 
 pyrostoma, O 341, O 361. 
 
 Reeviana, 25, 112, O 341, O 
 361. 
 
 zonata, O 341, 361. 
 Enaeta 
 
 Cumingii, 40, 
 
 harpa, 40. 
 
 Ensatella 
 
 auibigua, 39. 
 ruilis, 205. 
 Entodasma 
 
 cuneata, 124. 
 diaphana, 97, 124. 
 inflata, 97, 124. — 
 
 picta, 124. 
 saxico'a, 124. 
 
 saxicola, var. cylindracea, 124. 
 Eolidia 
 
 pinnata, 173. 
 Erato 
 
 columbella, 23, 143, 147, 169, 
 
 O 228, 230, 236, 328, 
 
 P 537, U 206. 
 Jewettii, O 230. 
 leucophsea, 143, 228, 230, 
 
 O 328, U 206. 
 Maugeriae, 24, 109, 112, 328, 
 
 O 364. 
 Maugeriae. vnr. Panamensis, 
 
 O 284, S 162. 
 scabriuscula, 24, 45, 109, 177, 
 
 230, 267, 32S. 
 vitellina, 23, 143, 206, 328. 
 Erycina 
 
 dubia, 186. 
 Geoffroyii, P 105. 
 papyracea, 287. 
 suborbiciilaris, P 105. 
 vinlacea, P io8. 
 Etbalia 
 
 atnplectans, 254, 322, P 
 
 253. 
 carinata, 254, 322, P 252. 
 lirnlata, 253, 322, P 251. 
 pallidula, 253, 322, P 252. 
 pyricallosa, 253, 322, P 
 
 251- 
 snpravallata, 98, 138. 
 supravallata, ?var. inrallata, 
 98, 138. 
 Eucosmia 
 
 cyclostoma, 104, 215. 
 punctata, 104, 215. 
 
52 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Eucosmia 
 
 variegata, 214, 215. 
 
 (fvarit-gata, var.) snbstriata, 
 104, 215, 
 Eulima 
 
 acuta, 183, 335, P 438. 
 
 compacta, 99, 145. 
 
 distorta, O 296, P 408, P 441. 
 
 fak-ata, 273. 
 
 fuscostrigata, 105, 219. 
 
 hastata, 154, O 260, 335, P 
 438. 
 
 iuterrupta, 183, O 335. 
 
 iota, 37, 192, 274. P 440. 
 
 mlcans, 89, 99, 145, 169. 
 
 recta, 193, 274, P 439. 
 
 rutila, 99, 145. 
 
 solitaria, 37, 193, 274, P 439. 
 
 Thersites, 23, 145, 286. 
 
 yoii, 39. 
 Eulimella 
 
 obsoleta, 260, 335, P 436. 
 Euomph&lus 
 
 radiatus, 238, 259, P 407, 
 P 541. 
 Euparypha 
 
 areolata, 158. 
 Euryta 
 
 aciculata, 24, 109, 258, 329, 
 366, P 389. 
 
 Cosentini, 366. 
 
 fulgarans [=fulgurata],0 366. 
 
 fulgurata, 24, 27, 109, 177, 
 258, O 329, P 388, U 206. 
 Euthria 
 
 ferrea, 70. 
 
 plumbea, 70. 
 Evalea 
 
 sequiscnlpta, 219, 
 
 delicatula, 219. 
 
 sublirulata, 3^, F 410. 
 
 Partulum 
 
 bimarginatum, X 443. 
 corrugulatum, 256, 324, 
 X443. 
 
 Fartulum 
 
 dexiroversum, 256, 324, 
 
 X 443- 
 
 f var. Antillarum, X 443. 
 
 farciraen, O 256, 324, X 443. 
 glabriforme, O 256, 324. 
 Iseve, O 256, X 443. 
 maiuillatum, X 443. 
 pollicare, X 443. 
 reversnm, O 256, O 325, X 443. 
 subquadratum, X 443. 
 teres, O 256, 325, X 443. 
 vitreum, X 443. 
 
 var. Clarkii, X 443. 
 
 Fasciolaria 
 
 aurantiaca, 48, 261, P 459. 
 bistriata, O 228,0 231, 338, 
 
 U 207. 
 canaliculata, 171. 
 granosa, 10, 24, 1S3, 181, 
 
 271, 338. 
 princeps, 27, 48, no, 183,0 174, 
 
 O 238, O 261, 292, 338, 
 
 P 458, P 544. 
 rngosa, O 171. 
 salmo, O 188,0338. 
 sulcata, 60. 
 tulipa, 24, O 171. 
 Valenciennesii, 188. 
 Felania 
 
 cornea, 308. 
 
 serricata, 30, 201, O 308, 364. 
 tellinoides, 23, 154, 201, 308. 
 iista, 73, 
 Fenella 
 
 crystallina, 104, 217. 
 exciirvata, 32. 
 pupoidea, 99, 142. 
 Ficula 
 
 dpcussata, 7, 153, 231, 234, 
 
 O 236, 238, O 242, 282, 
 
 O 337- 36.;, P 454, p 537, 
 
 PS44. 
 ncoides, 7, O 171. 
 gracilis, O 364. 
 Occyana, 7/ 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 53 
 
 Ficula 
 
 rfticulata, 171. 
 ventricosa, 24, no, O 234, 
 O 261,0 271,0 337, P 453, 
 
 P4S4. 
 Fissurella 
 
 a-qualis, 197, O 276. 
 
 arTuis, P 219. 
 
 alba, 46, 154, 256, 236, 252, 
 
 O319, P 217, P 218, Q 234. 
 alta, 46, 197, O 276, P 221. 
 aspera, 8, 84, O 174, O 209, 
 
 O 215, 224, V 223, 
 Barbadensis, O 162, O 184, 
 
 243. 252, O 364, P 215. 
 cancellatus, 46, 49, 
 catillus, P 220. 
 chlorotrema, O 2, 236, O 252, 
 
 P 216, P 538. 
 coarctata, P 213. 
 cratitia, 84, O 199, 209, 
 
 212. 
 crenifera, 184. 
 crenulata, 76, O 234, 283, 
 
 V 223. 
 densiclathrata, 49, 84, O 174, 
 
 O 199, 291, V 223. 
 exarata, 199, V 223. 
 excel sa, 46. 
 genimata, O 236, 252, P 218, 
 
 P 5.18. 
 gibberula, 1S8, 319. 
 Gunneri, 49. 
 liians. 175. 
 humilis, 2, 236, 252, 
 
 P 216, P 538. 
 inaequalis, O i, 184, P 220. 
 Liiicolui, 45, 84, 178. 
 macrotrema, 24, 154, 197,0 184, 
 
 O 276, 319, 360. 
 mierotrema, 37, 108, 197,0 184, 
 
 276,. 319. 
 Mexicana, 46, O 188, 319. 
 mns, 37, 197, O I, 252, O 276, 
 
 O319, Pssi. 
 mutabilis, 296, 320, 360. 
 
 Fissurella 
 
 liigiopunctata, 24, 37, S4, '54, 
 
 197, O 184, O 276, 282, 
 
 O 3'9, O 3^0, P 214, P 21S, 
 
 Q 234. 
 nigiocincta, 46, 108, O 252, 
 
 O 2S8, 319, P 217, P 218, 
 
 Q234. 
 Novffi-Hollandiffl, 49. 
 obsciira, 46, 184, O 320, 
 
 360. 
 ornata, 13, 26, 137, 241, 319, 
 
 349, P 214, V 222. 
 ostrina, O 276, 319. 
 Panatnensis, 46, 184, 320. 
 Peruviana, O 252, 319, P 
 
 219, 
 var. pica, 35, 37, I, O 184, 
 
 O 236, 252, P 220, P 538. 
 rugosa, 24, 27, 46, 108, 155, 
 
 196, O 2, i8S, O 236, 252, 
 
 291,0 319, O 360, P 215, 
 
 P 216, P 218, V 223. 
 rugosa, var. 239, O 276. 
 spongiosa, 252, P 219. 
 tenebrosa, 46. 
 turbinelloides, 49. 
 viminea, 2, 239, O 252, 
 
 P 216, P 546. 
 violacea, 100, 215, 224, 
 
 O 319. 
 violascens, 348. 
 virescens, 27, 37, 197, 3, O 
 
 162, 233, 234, O 239, 
 
 252,0 276, 319, P 213, 
 
 P 216, P 218, P 546, V 223. 
 virescens, var. 364. 
 volcano, 13, 23, icx), 114, 137, 
 
 151, O 208, 233, 319, 
 
 349- 
 Fissnrellidaea 
 
 seqaalis, 197, O 320. 
 Flabellina 
 
 crassicornis, 313. 
 opalescens, 94, 95. 
 subrosacea, 313, 
 
54 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Fluminicola 
 
 furioa, 1O3. 
 
 seiuiualid, 90. 
 
 virens, 162. 
 Fossarua 
 
 abjectas, O 273. 
 
 angioritoiua, 273. 
 
 angulatus, 216, 257, 326, 
 
 excavatus, i88, 273, 326. 
 
 foveatus, O 273, 326. 
 
 macnlosus, O 257. 
 
 megasoma, 273, 326. 
 
 ovoideud, U 205. 
 
 parcipictus, 104, 216. 
 
 purus, 104, 216. 
 
 reticulatua, U 205 
 
 tuberosus, 216, 257, 326, 
 
 P354 
 Fulvla 
 
 modesta, 170. 
 F118U8 
 
 ambustus, 21, 25, 150, 22S, 
 
 234, U 208. 
 angulatus, O 177. 
 antiquus, 19, 217, O 223. 
 apertus, Q 263, P 504. 
 Baerii, 19, O 217. 
 Bamffius, 209. 
 Behringii, 19, 217. 
 bellus, 183, 271. 
 Bernicieiisis, O 217. 
 cancellatu-i, 171, O 210. 
 cancellinus, 18, 211. 
 cariuatus, 192. 
 clavatu^, 21, 150. 
 coutrarius, 217, 223. 
 corpulentus, 367. 
 corrugatus, 293. 
 decemcostatns, 4, 20, 179, 
 
 217, O 223. 
 deformis, 217. 
 Dupetithouarsii, 7, 28, 49, 112, 
 
 192. O 204, O 208, 293, 
 
 294, O 296, O 361. 
 fidiculus, 17, 209, 211. 
 fornicatus, 177, O 217. 
 
 Fusua 
 
 Iragosus, 21. 
 geninulus, 166, 367. 
 glacialis, 177. 
 Holboelli, 217. 
 horridus, 293. 
 incisus, 18. 
 
 Islandicus, 217, 223. 
 Kellettii, 28, 240. 
 lamellosus, 34, 177, O 217. 
 lapillus, 9, O 176, 293. 
 lignarius, 352, P 503. 
 luridus, 19, 217. 
 Magellaiiicus, 7, 171. 
 Mexicanus, O 293. 
 multicostatns, O 177. 
 muricatus, 222. 
 Bodulosus, 179. 
 Norvegicus, 223. 
 Novae-HoHandiae, 112. 
 Oregonensis, O 210 240, 
 
 293- 
 Orpheus, 17, 92, 209, O 213. 
 pallidus, 176, O 208, 234, 
 
 O 263, 288, 352, P 502. 
 pygniaeus, 217. 
 rheuma, 238, P 544. 
 Sabinii, 177, 217, 223. 
 salebrosus, P 485. 
 scalariformis, 217. 
 Sitchensis, iS, 19, 217. 
 tenebrosns, O 217. 
 Thouarsii, 112. 
 torlieuma, 238. 
 tumens, 263, P 503, P 504, 
 turbinelloides, P 503. 
 turriculus, O 209, 2U. 
 turris, 7, 171. 
 ventricosns, O 177, 
 Wiegmanm, 261, P 455. 
 
 Gadinia 
 
 Afra, 366. 
 
 pentegoniostoma, 195, i, 
 
 185, 252, 319, 366, 
 
 P 212. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES, 
 
 55 
 
 Gadinia 
 
 reticulata, 152. 
 
 steltata, 31, 195, 319. 
 Galeomma 
 
 macro.sciiisma, 46. 
 Turtoni, 46. 
 Oalerus 
 
 aspersus, O 275. 
 
 aspenifi, O 323. 
 
 conicus, 24, 27, 37, 152, 154, 
 
 •95, O 23s, 254, 2S2, Glandina 
 
 Gibbula 
 
 lacunata, 113, 139,239. 
 minor, P 461. 
 nivosa, 73. 
 optabilis, 9S, 139. 
 parcipicta, 113, 139,238. 
 rediinita, 73. 
 sncciiicta, 113, 139, 238. 
 Gito centrum 
 
 f'liiloeiisis, 121. 
 
 323, P 265, p 266, P 267 
 
 contortus, 76, 98, 140. 
 
 fastigiatiis, 25, 140, 322, 323. , 
 
 lichen, P 266, P 267, ' 
 
 mamiUaris, 24, 27, 37, 52, 140, 
 154, 19s, O 190, O 230, O 233, 
 O 235, O 254, 276, 282, 
 323, O 366, P 266, P 267, 
 Q 233- \ 
 
 regularis, 37, 195, 323, P 266, ' 
 Q 233. 
 
 Sinensis, 366, P 266, P 267, ! 
 Q 233. I 
 
 • var. fuscus, 288, Q 
 
 Albersi, 156, 251, 287, 
 3'3, P 175- 
 
 var. turrita, 1 56, P 175. 
 
 sordi<lus, P 292. 
 striatum, P 292, Q 234. 
 subrellosus, 52, 28S, 3^3, 
 Q233. 
 Garnotia 
 
 solida. 197, 254, 297, P 275. Glycimeria 
 
 Carmiuensis, 44. 
 
 conularis, O 287. 
 
 fusiformis, 285. 
 
 Ghiesbreghti, 44. 
 
 Isal)e]Iina, O 2S6. 
 
 monilifera, O 2S6. 
 
 nigricans, 2S6, 
 
 obtusa, 1 86, O 314. 
 
 Sowerbyana, 286, 314. 
 
 tortillana, 286. 
 
 turris, 156, 251, O 313, P 
 175- 
 Glaucua 
 
 draco, 173. 
 
 Pacificns, 173. 
 Globulus 
 
 tumens, 253, 322, P 250. 
 
 Gastrochaena 
 
 brevis, O 184, 299, O 359. 
 
 cuneiformis, P 547. 
 
 hyalina. 184, 299, O 359. 
 
 ovata, 105, 121, O 184, 244, 
 O 299, 363, P 15. 
 
 rugulosa, O 1S4, 299, 359. 
 
 truncata, 184, 244, 299, 
 363, P 14, P IS. 
 Gena 
 
 var! a, 40. 
 Gibbula 
 
 coronnlata, 321. 
 
 faniculata, 114, 139, 239. 
 
 Estrallina, 82. 
 
 generosa, 123, 165, 168, 169. 
 Glyphia 
 
 alta, 24, 27, 197, 252, 320, 
 
 P 221, P 222. 
 aspera, 45, 49, 137, O 199, 
 
 291, 320, V 223. 
 cratitia, S. 137, 320. 
 crenifera, 320. 
 densiclathrata, 8, 13, 23, 27, 
 
 137. 320. 
 insequalis, 24, 27, 37, 108, 153, 
 
 197, 214, I, 252, 360, 
 
 P 220, P 222. 
 
 24 
 
56 
 
 INtEX OF SPEC1E3. 
 
 Glyphlfl 
 
 Lincolui, S, 137, 320, 
 
 microtretna, O 364. 
 
 pica, 320. 
 
 satiirnalis, 104, 214. 
 Gnathodon 
 
 Lecoiitii, 78, 119. 
 
 mendicus, 21, 29, 78, 232, 
 O 246, O 304, P 549, U 2CX). 
 
 trigoiius, 21, 62, 78, 119,0 227, 
 P 52, U 200. 
 Oonidea 
 
 feminalis, 120. 
 
 Randallii, 120. 
 Oouldia 
 
 PaciQca, 30, 38, 201, 247, 
 
 O 278, 306, 364, P 82, P S3, 
 
 P 84, P 549- 
 
 varian3,3O,0 247, O 306, O 364, 
 566, P 83, P 530, P 549. 
 Gratelupia 
 
 Hydeaiia, 77. 
 
 niactropsis, 77. 
 Gryphaea 
 
 angulata, P 160. 
 Gundlachia 
 
 Californica, 119, 161. 
 
 Haliotis 
 
 aquatilis, O 216, O 2S6, O 320, 
 O350. 
 
 Californiana, 7, 170. 
 
 Californiensia, 6, 7, 13, 84, 100, 
 i.)7, O 174, 199, 291, 
 O320, O350, O351, V223. 
 
 corrugata, 10, 84, 137, 291, 
 320, O 350. 
 
 Cracherodii, 6, 7, 9, 13, 23, 27, 
 84, 100, 108, 137, 151, 174, 
 199, O 229, O 24i, O 291, 
 0320,0350,0351,7223. 
 
 discus, 69, 350. 
 
 fulgens, 60. 
 
 glabra, 6, 9, 199, 291, V 
 223. 
 
 interrupta, 7. 
 
 Halectia 
 
 Japouica, O 350. 
 Kamtscliatkaua, 27, 69, 72, 84, 
 
 100, 113, 137, O 216, 226, 
 
 O 2S3, O 295, O 320, 350. 
 nodosa, 10. 
 pulclierritna, 4. 
 rufescena, 7, 13, 23, 27, 84, 100, 
 
 "4, 137, 144, O 192, 229, 
 
 O 320, 350. 
 spleudens, 23, 27, 42, 60, 72, 
 
 84, 108, 137, 151, O 199, O 
 
 286, 320,0 350,0 351, V 
 
 223. 
 tuberculatus, 43. 
 Haminea 
 
 cymbiformis, 31, 132, 250, 
 
 3'3. i' 174. 
 hydatis, 85, 89, 132, 169. 
 luticola, P 170. 
 vesicula, 79, 132, O 227, 313, 
 
 O 351, U 203, U 204. 
 viresceiis, 31, 79, 132. 
 Haplocochlias 
 
 cyc'lophoreus, 104, 215, 
 Harpa 
 
 crenata, 7, 8, 46, in, 153, O 177. 
 238, O 292, 340, 366, 
 
 P 543. 
 
 gracilis, O 176. 
 
 Mexicana, 292. 
 
 minor, O 179. 
 
 Rivoliana, 46, 23S, 292. 
 
 rosea, 177, 179, 292, 
 O366. 
 
 rosea, rnr. 292. 
 
 scriba, O 171, O 340. 
 
 testudinalis, 292. 
 Harvella 
 
 elegata, ^i, 23, lOO, 204. 
 Hastula 
 
 luctuosa, P 387. 
 Haustator 
 
 Banksii, P 330. 
 
 goniostoma, P 330. '• 
 
 tigrina, P 332. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 6t 
 
 Baustrum 
 
 deiitex. 6. 
 
 pictuin, 6. 
 
 tuberculatum, 6. 
 Hecuba 
 
 culmiuata, P 548. 
 Belicina 
 
 a nice a, 
 
 chryseis, 45. 
 
 Lindeni, 45. 
 
 merdigera, 45. 
 
 Oweniana, 45. 
 
 Salvini, 45, 
 
 tuibiuata, 45. 
 Helisoma 
 
 corpuleutiim, 161. 
 
 trivolve, 161. 
 Helix 
 
 aeutedentata, 157. 
 
 anachoreta, 157. 
 
 annulifera, 2S6, 314. 
 
 Antoni, 295, 314. 
 
 arborea, 96, 115, 116, 
 
 arboretorum, 59, 157. 
 
 arbustorum, 162. 
 
 areolata, 116, 152, 158,0 208, 
 
 O 265, O 294, 295, O 314. 
 arrosa, 59, 96, 151, 157. 
 aspera, 162, O 239. 
 Ay resiana, 118, 158. 
 Baskervillei, 85, 157, 226, 
 
 O 286, O 290, 297, 314, 
 bicincta, O 294. 
 BridgHsii, 118, 158. 
 Breweri, 95, 96. 
 
 Bufloniana, O 265, 294, 295. 
 caduca, O 295, 
 Californica, O 226. 
 Californieusis, 59, 96, 120, 157, 
 158, 198, 212, 234, 
 O294, O314, V 220. 
 Carpenteri, 118, 158. 
 CarjHjnteriana, 118. 
 carthusiana, O 222. 
 cliersina, 95, 96. 
 cicercula, 265. 
 
 Helix 
 
 coactiliata, 44. 
 
 Columbiana, 85, 92, 96, 115, 
 157, O 1 98, O 239, 294, 
 314, V 220. 
 concava, 115, O 2li. 
 Cooperi, 115, 157. 
 crebristriata, 95. 
 cultellata, 59. 
 Damascenus, 59, 120, 158. 
 devia, 85, 157, 209, O 213, 
 
 226. 
 Dupetithouarsii, 59, 87, 92, 96, 
 118, 119, 15S, 203,0 294, 
 O314. 
 Duranti, 96. 
 
 enryompliala, 44, O 295. 
 exarata, 59, 96, 158. 
 eximia, 44. 
 facta, 95. 
 
 fidelis, 59, 84, 92, 96, 120, 157, 
 158, 198, O 212, 234, 
 O 294, 314, V 220. 
 fratenia, O 211. 
 fulva, 222. 
 Gabbii, 95. 
 Gaulteriana, P 247. 
 germana, 157, 210, O 211, 
 
 O314. 
 Ghiesbreghti, 44, O 295. 
 griseola, 265, O 294, O 295. 
 Hildebrandi, 119. 
 Hiudsi, O 286, 294, 
 hispida, 222. 
 Hnmboldtiana, O 294. 
 imperator, 265. 
 infirmata, 283. 
 infumata, 79, 87, 96, 157, O 
 
 314. 
 inflecta, 211. 
 intercisa, 95, 120, 158. 
 Kellettii, 95, 96, 158, 233, 
 
 0239,0314,0351. 
 labiata, 92. 
 
 labiosa, 85, 115, 157, 209, 
 O212, 0213,0 314. 
 
58 
 
 INDEX OF Sl'ECIES. 
 
 Helix 
 
 labyrinthus, 239, 265, O 
 
 295. 
 -^-^— var. sipauculata, O 286. 
 Lalliaiia, 44. 
 laxata, 44. 
 Leconti, 157. 
 levis, 158, O 20S, 294, O 29s, 
 
 0314. 
 loisa, 157. 
 
 loricata, 96, 137, O 2og, 211. 
 lucnbrata. O 265, O 294. 
 Mazatlanica, 59, 157. 
 Mexicana, O 294. 
 mormonam, 59, 96, 158. 
 Mullani, 115, 157. 
 neinorivaga, 157, 
 Newberryana, 96. 
 Nickliniana, 59, 96, 120, 157, 
 
 158, 19S, O 212, O 226, 
 
 O 314, V 220. 
 Nuttalliana, 59, 84, 87, 157, 
 
 O 210, 226, O 239, V 220. 
 Nystiana, O 186, O 295, O 314. 
 Oajacensis, 294. 
 ornginosa, 13, 59, 87, 157, O 
 
 226, 2S3, 314. 
 Oregonpnsis, 59, 79, 87, 120, 
 
 158,0 .98, O 314, V 220. 
 Pandorae, 59, 116, 158,0 239, 
 
 O314. 
 pedestris, 59, 157. 
 peregrina. 61, 162. 
 plicata, 265, O 295, 314. 
 polygyrata, 1 15. 
 polvgyrella, 115, 157. 
 princ-eps, P 177. 
 pulclit'lla, 222. 
 pura, 222. 
 Pytonesica, 95. 
 quadridentala, O 295, O 314. 
 quinqiiestrigata, 295. 
 ramentosa, 120, 158. 
 redimita, 157. 
 reticulata, 59, 118, 158. 
 Rotbi, 95. 
 
 Helix 
 
 rotnndata, l(), 92, 191. 
 
 rndtrata, 222. 
 
 ruida, 59, 157. 
 
 rufescens, 92. 
 
 rufocincta, 95. 
 
 Sagraiaua, 59, 162, 294, 
 
 314- 
 Sandiegonensis, 162. 
 Scbrenkii, O 222. 
 vnr. sipunculata, 239. 
 soiitaria, 115. 
 speiididula, O 265. 
 sportella, 85, 92, 96, 115, 157, 
 
 O 209, 226, O 314. 
 spirnlata, 186, O 265, 295, 
 
 O314. 
 stagnalis, P 361. 
 striatella, 95, 116. 
 strigosa, 115, 157, 209, 212, 
 
 O 213, O314. 
 Tbouarsii, 92, 96, iiS, 119. 
 
 rnr. 96. 
 
 tenuicoatata, O 294. 
 Townseudiana, 13, 59, 84, 92, 
 
 lis, O '98) 210, O 213, 
 
 O 226, 239, 294, O 314, 
 
 V 220. 
 
 Traskii, 96, u8, 15S. 
 Tryoni. 95. 
 
 tudiculata, 72, 85, 96, 157, 
 211, O 233, O 294, O 314, 
 
 0351- 
 uneigera, 187, O 290, O 295, 
 
 O314. 
 
 iindata, P 176. 
 
 Vancouverensis, 79, 85, 92, 96, 
 "5) 157, O 19S, 210, O 211, 
 O 212, O 213, 294, O 314, 
 
 V 220. 
 
 vecillata, 314: [misprint for] 
 vellicata, 92, 115, 157, O 239. 
 ventrosula, O 286, 294. 
 vincta, 158,0203, 226, 297, 
 
 O314. 
 vittata, 6, 59, P 177. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIE3. 
 
 H 
 
 Hemicardium 
 
 biangulatum, 23,38,75,97, 106, 
 liS, 201. 
 
 graiiiferam, 23. 
 
 lueiliuin, 3S, 201. 
 
 ol)ovalt', 155, 
 Hemifusos 
 
 Hflclieri, 60. 
 Heterodonaz 
 
 bimaculatus 
 112, 126, 151. 
 
 vars. 23, 
 
 '2, 27, 38, 105, 
 
 Pacificus, 78. 
 Hiatella 
 
 oldiinga, 221. 
 Hiatula 
 
 coiupacta, 151. 
 
 Nuttallii, 74. 
 Hima 
 
 •lecassata, P 497. 
 Hinnites 
 
 Californiensis, 13. 
 
 cra^sus, 81. 
 
 giganteus, 8, 13, 14, 20, 22, 25, 
 26, 81, 131, 151, 169, O 164, ; Homalopoma 
 
 Hipponyx 
 
 (irayanus, 24, 27, 37, 108, 194, 
 O 184, 193, O 200, 230, 
 O 255, O 275, O 282, O 353, 
 O 360, O 361, O 366, P 299, 
 
 mitral is, P 297. 
 
 mitrula, O 226, O 314, O 363, 
 
 V 297, R 3. 
 Pauauieasis, 255, O 275, 
 
 324, O 363, P 297, R 3. 
 planatus, 140, O 255, O 2S4, 
 
 324, P 298. 
 radiatus, 194, O 184, O 200, 
 
 O 230, 0255,0275, P 299, R 4. 
 serratus, 27, 98, 140, 195, 256, 
 
 226, O 236, O 230, O 255, 
 
 324, 364, P 296, P 297, 
 
 P 300, P 549, R 3, R 5. 
 subrufiis, 37, 194, 2S2, 230, 
 
 O 275, 363, R 4. 
 tess«^llatU3, P 90, P 549. 
 tul)erculatus, R 4. 
 tuiueus, 2^. 27. 140, 2S2. 
 
 '/, 
 
 O 193, O 233, 290, O 312, 
 
 o 350, 351. 
 Nicklinianus, 13. 
 Nuttalli, 193. 
 Poulsoiii, 8, 13, 131, 193, 
 
 O 233, 290. 
 Hipponyz 
 
 autiquatus, 27, 108, 140, 194, 
 
 O 255, O 324, O 363, O 365, 
 
 P 296, P 297, P 298, R 3. 
 australis, 236, O 255, P 299, 
 
 P 538, R 3. 
 barbatus, 24, 37, 108, 140, 194, 
 
 195, O 255, O 275, O 324, 
 
 O 366, P 299, R 3, R 4. 
 barbatus, var. costellatus, R 4. 
 cranloides, 114, 239. 
 crispas, P 299, R 4. 
 efifodiens, R 5, 
 foliaceus, 239, 255, P 296, 
 
 P 546, R 3- 
 
 .sau-uiiieuiii, 23, 74, 113. 
 Hyala 
 
 rotundata, 104, 217. 
 Hyalaea 
 
 triilentata, 132. 
 Hydrobia 
 
 compacta, 104, 217. 
 
 stagnalis, P 361. 
 
 ulvae, 20, 142, 257, 327, 
 O 366, P 361. 
 
 lanacus 
 
 Lessonii, 2, P 280. 
 squama, O 2, P 2S0. 
 ungu''culus, P 281. 
 uiiguiformis, P 284. 
 lanthina 
 
 b ids, P 185, 
 
 communis, 74, 366, P 186. 
 decoUata, 52, 107, 251, 316, 
 364, P 1S7. 
 
60 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 lanthina 
 
 fiaj,'ilis, 52, l86, O 364, P 185. 
 
 gloliosa, 52, O 251, P 187. 
 
 pallida, O 366. 
 
 prolongata, 74, O 251, O 364, 
 O 366, P 185, P 187. ■ 
 
 striolata, 52. 
 
 striulata, 31, 52, O 251, 316, 
 O 364, O 366, P 185. 
 
 — — ^ var. ooutorta, O 251, P 
 1S6. 
 Iberus 
 
 (iaulterianns, P 247. 
 
 sportella, 157. 
 Imperator 
 
 olivaceus, P 227. 
 
 serratus, 98, 138. 
 
 unguis. 29. 
 Infundibulum 
 
 Calitoruicum, 40, O 286, P 
 265. 
 
 cliloromphalas, 40, 
 
 Gabiotense, 82. 
 
 radians, P 264. 
 lopaa 
 
 sertum, P 489. 
 Iphigenia 
 
 altior, 23, 27, 202, 245, 304, 
 P4-'. 
 
 laevigata, 245, 304, 366, 
 P 42, P 548. 
 Iphinoe 
 
 coronata, 72. 
 Isapis 
 
 fenestrata, 99, 114, 142, 241. 
 
 maculosa, O 257, 327, P 247, 
 
 P355. 
 obtnsa, 99, 142. 
 ovoidea, 142, 241, O 230, 326, 
 
 P 355, P 356, U 205. 
 Ischnochiton 
 Beanii, 108. 
 
 Elenensis, 38, 39, 104, 266, 
 var. expressus, 38, 266. 
 flectens, 89. 92. 
 Gothic us, 98. 
 
 Iscunochiton 
 
 limaciformis, 63, 108. 
 Magdalensis, 18, 107, 135, 151, 
 
 266. 
 Mertensii, 89. 
 Nuttallii, 113. 
 parallelus, 104, 212, 213. 
 pectiiiatus, 98. 
 (Jvar.) prasiuatus, 104, 213. 
 pseudodeutiens, 16, 92, 98. 
 retiporosus, 89. 
 sanguineus, 266. 
 scabrieostatus, oS. 
 serratus, 104, .13. 
 trifidus, 89. 
 veredentiens, 98, 135. 
 Isognomon 
 
 Chemuitzianus, 24, 27, 107, 199, 
 
 249, 297, O 311, O 352, 
 
 o 363, O 365, P 150. 
 
 var. 199. 
 
 Chemnitzii, P 151 : [=-anus.] 
 costellatus, 107, O 349, V 219. 
 flexuosus, O 311, O 363, 
 incisus, 107. 
 Janus, 107, O 250, 311, P 
 
 151- 
 pema, P 150. 
 
 Janira 
 
 bell a, 80. 
 
 dentata, 14, 27, 8r, 98, 107, 131, 
 
 153- 
 Estrellana, 81. 
 excavata, 131, 153. 
 Jeffreysia 
 
 Alderi, 109, 143, 257, 327, 
 
 P362. 
 bifasciata, 109, O 257, O 327, 
 
 O 366, P 362, P 363. 
 opalina, O 366. 
 translucens, 99, 143. 
 tumens, 257, 327, P 366. 
 Jouannettia 
 
 Darwinii, 251. 
 pectinata, 121. 
 
INDEX OP SPECIES. 
 
 61 
 
 Katharina 
 
 Douglasiiip, 9, 134, 192,0 288, 
 
 O 318, 348. 
 submaniioiea, O 318. 
 tunicata, 26, 134, O 318. 
 
 Kellia 
 
 (var.) Chironii, 99, 113, 129. 
 Laperousii, 15, 26, 88, 129, 304, 
 
 305, O 308, 349. 
 
 ( var.) Chironii, 304. 
 
 puluhra, 295. 
 
 rotandata, 129, 305. 
 
 rubra, P 108. 
 
 suborbicularig, 39, 88, 97, 106, 
 
 129, 155, 168, 303.305, 208, 
 
 O 248,0297,0 30S, 365, 
 
 O 366, P 105. 
 ventricosa, 280. 
 
 Kennerlia 
 
 bicarinata, 80,97, 124, 232. 
 filosa, 88, 124, 231. 
 glacialis, 231, 232. 
 
 Lacuna 
 
 rnr. anrantia, 142. 
 
 carinata, 17, 118, 142, 240, O 
 
 209, 211, 213, 327,0 
 
 34S. 
 decorata, 114, 142, 240. 
 var. effusa, 114, 142, 240. 
 far. exaeqiiata, 114, 142, 240. 
 glacialis, 220, O 223. 
 pallidula, P 252. 
 porrecta, 114, 142,240. 
 puteolus, 240. 
 solidula, 17, 25, 142, 240, 322. 
 (?solidula, var.) compacta, 114, 
 
 240. 
 unifasciata, 23, 142, O 228, 
 
 230, O 327, 
 variegata, 114, 142, 240. 
 vincta, 89, 142, 169. 
 
 Laevicardium. See Liocardium. 
 Lagena 
 
 Californica, 2S6, 
 
 Lagena 
 
 Wiegmanui, P 455. 
 Laminaria 
 
 digitata, Q 236, Q 237. 
 Lanistes 
 
 dibcors, 70. 
 
 laevigata, 70. 
 Lasaea 
 
 oLlouga, 248, 308, P 109, 
 
 rub.a, 30, 88, 97, 106, 129, 169, 
 248, O 308, O 366, P 108. 
 
 trigonalis, O 248, O 308, P 109, 
 Lasea. See Lasaea. 
 Lathirus 
 
 aruiatus, 287, O 297, O 338. 
 
 Californicus, 338. 
 
 castaneus, 24, 48, 154, 183, 
 282, 33S. 
 
 ceratus, 24, no, 183, 261, 
 O 33S, 361, P 457. 
 
 coucentricus, O 2S2, 338. 
 
 gracilis, S 166. 
 
 Kiiorrii, 364. 
 
 nodatus, ;i;i8. 
 
 rudis, 24, 183, O 338. 
 
 spadiceus, 183, ;i}8. 
 
 tuberculatns, 24, 61, 282, 
 
 0338,0361, 364, p 457. 
 
 tumens, 284, O 33S, S 166. 
 
 varicosus, 338, 361. 
 Lathyrus. See Lathirus. 
 Latirus. See Lathirus. 
 Latyrus. See Lathirus. 
 Lavignon 
 
 laniellosa, P 29. 
 Lazaria 
 
 affinis, 14, 23. 
 
 Californica, 27, 30, ro6. 
 
 pectuncnlus, 153. 
 
 subquadrata, 22, 113, 128, 280. 
 Leda 
 
 arctica, 70. 
 
 caelata, 22, 130. ■ 
 
 costellata, O 311. 
 
 commutata, 130. > 
 
 cuneata, 98, 130. > 
 
62 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Leda 
 
 eburnea, 46. 
 
 Eleneusid, 24, 200, O 249,0 31 1, 
 
 P 145, P 53°. 
 
 fossa, 88, 91, 130. 
 
 foveata, 91. 
 
 gibbosa, 311. 
 
 Liimata, 98, 130. 
 
 Hindsii, 41. 
 
 impressa, 367. 
 
 iuoriiata, 130. 
 
 lyrata, 46, 
 
 miuuta, 71, 89, 130, 169. 
 
 niiuuta, var. 71. 
 
 pernula, 130. 
 
 polita, 24, 2CX), 311. 
 
 Sowerbiana, 46. 
 
 Taylori, 41, 46. 
 Leiosolenus 
 
 spatiosus, 249, 310, P 130, 
 P550. 
 LeioBtraca. See Liostraca. 
 Leiostracus 
 
 Mexicanus, P 177. 
 
 Ziegleri, P 177. 
 Lepas 
 
 alba, P 297. 
 Lepeta 
 
 Candida, 71. 
 
 cnecoides, 89, 137, 169. 
 Lepidopleurus 
 
 Adarasii, 37, 265, 266. 
 
 Beanii, 252,0317, P 197. 
 
 bullatus, O 252, O 317, P 195. 
 
 var. calciferus, O 252, 
 
 P 196. 
 
 clathratus, O 252, 317, P 195. 
 
 Hrnaciformis, 317. 
 
 MacAndreae, 252, 317, P 
 196, P 197. 
 
 Matrdalensia, 317. 
 
 Mertensii, 89, 135. 
 
 ppctinatus, 89, I35» 
 rettularis, 135. 
 
 sanguineus, O 252,0317,? 194, 
 P 195, P 196. 
 
 Lepidopleurus 
 
 seabrieostatus, 98, 135. 
 
 tenuisculptus, 37, 39, 266. 
 Lepralia 
 
 adpiessa, 256, 244, 298, P 
 
 5- 
 
 atrofusca, 243, 29S, P 3. 
 
 cucullata, P 3. 
 
 liippociepis, O 244, 298, P 4. 
 
 humilis, O 244, O 29S, P 5. 
 
 marginipora, 244, O 298, P 4. 
 
 Mazatlauiua, O 243, 298, P 3. 
 
 rostrata, 243, 29S, P 4. 
 
 trispinosa, O 243, 298, P 3. 
 Leptinaria 
 
 Elisse, 44. 
 
 Einmelinffl, 44. 
 Leptochiton 
 
 cinereus. 92. 
 
 iiiterstinctus, 16. 
 
 lividus, O 317. 
 
 Mertensii, O 317, 349. 
 
 nexus, 98, 136. 
 
 proprius, 317. 
 
 scrobiculatus, 317, 349. 
 Leptoconchus 
 
 luouodonta, 6^. 
 Leptoconus 
 
 gladiator, P 405. 
 
 puncticulatus, P 404. 
 
 purpurascens, P 402. 
 
 regularis, P 402. 
 
 regalitalis, P 403. 
 Lepton 
 
 clementinum, 24S, O 308, P 
 no, P III. 
 
 dionseum, 248, 308, P III. 
 
 meroeura, 97, 129. 
 
 placunoideum. Pin. 
 
 umbonatum, 248, O 308, P 
 III. 
 Leptonyz 
 
 bacula, 98, 138. 
 
 sanenineus, 113, 138. 
 Leptozis 
 ' fusca, 163. 
 
INDEX OF SPKCIES. 
 
 63 
 
 Leptozis 
 
 Nultallii, 162. 
 
 vireus, 162. 
 Lesoea. See Lasaea. 
 Leuchochila 
 
 chordata, 158. 
 Leucozonia 
 
 Califoi'iiica, 297. 
 
 cingulata, 24, 28, 151, iSo, 
 171, 231, O 235, O 261, 
 
 33S, P 457. 
 
 Levenia 
 
 courctata, 24, 27, no, 
 Levicardium. See Liocardium. 
 Lima 
 
 angulata, 24, 154, 199, O 185, 
 1S9, 229, O 277, 2S4, 
 O311. 
 arcuata, 107, 199, O 189, 277, 
 
 O311, 0359. 
 dehiscens, 98, 131. 
 fragilis, 107. 
 gigantea, 8. 
 bians, 131. 
 orientalis, 98, 131. 
 Paoifica, 199,0277 0311,0359. 
 squamosa, 21, 47, 69, 107, O 222. 
 rar. tenera, 131. 
 tetrica, 21, 27, 69, 107, 227, 
 0234,0311,0352, V 203. 
 Limacina 
 
 aitioa, O 218, O 221, O 223. 
 lielicialis, 221. 
 Limatula 
 
 subauriculata, 98, 131. 
 Limaz 
 
 Columbianus, 85, 159, Q 210, 
 
 0213,0313. 
 foliolaius, 213. 
 Limnophysa 
 A'ieliiiae, 160. 
 biiliraoides, 160. 
 cataspopiuni, 160. 
 emargiiiata, 160. 
 ferrngiiiea, 160. 
 pallida, 160. 
 
 I Limnophysa 
 
 palustiis, 160. 
 proxiiua, 160. 
 reflexa, 159. 
 
 solida, 160. 
 
 Suniassii, 159. 
 
 Tiaskei, 160. 
 Limnea 
 
 Adelinae, 160. 
 
 apiciiia, 160, 210, 316. 
 
 appressa, 159. 
 
 auiicularia, O 222. 
 
 bulimoides, 116, 160. 
 
 cataracta, 93. 
 
 catascopium, 160. 
 
 cornea, 160. 
 
 desidiosa, 93, 1 16. 
 
 elodes, 90, 160. 
 
 elongata, 159. 
 
 eiiiarginata, 85, 160. 
 
 exigua, 120. 
 
 exilis, 159. 
 
 expansa, 160. 
 
 ferrugiuea, 160, 265, 316. 
 
 fragilis, 116, 159, 160. 
 
 Gebleri, 222. 
 
 Haydeni, 159. 
 
 huuiilis, 116. 
 
 jugularis, 85, 159. 
 
 lepida, 159, 209, O 213. 
 
 leucostoiua, O 222, 
 
 megasoiiia, 93. 
 
 Nuttalliana, 160, 19S, 316, 
 
 V 220. 
 Ontariensis, 160. 
 pallida, 120, 160. 
 palustris, 90, 116, 160, 169, 
 
 O 222. 
 pingnis, 160. 
 plebeia, 160. 
 proxima, 120, 160. 
 reflexa, 159. 
 sericata, 160. 
 serrata, 160. 
 solida, 160. 
 speciosa, 159. 
 
G4 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Limnea 
 
 bui-ualis, 9j, 159, 222. 
 
 Suiuassii, yo, 139. 
 
 Traskei, 1 00. 
 
 truijcatula, 222. 
 
 umbiosa, 85, 159, O 210, 3 1 6. 
 
 vtjiitiicosa, O 213. 
 
 Virginiana, i6o. 
 Limneea. t^ee Limnea. 
 Limnaeus. See Limnea. 
 Limsea 
 
 subaariculata, 1C9. 
 Lingula 
 
 alhifla. 122, 207, O 298. 
 Liocardium 
 
 apicinuiu, 23, 104, 211, 261. 
 
 crueiitatum, 128. 
 
 elatuui, 27, 97, 128, 152, 24S. 
 
 Elenense, 170. 
 
 Mortoni, 16S. 
 
 substriatum, 21, 12S, 16S, 170. 
 Lioconcha 
 
 hieroglypica, loi. 
 Liostraca 
 
 distorta, 335, O 363, 366, 
 
 P441. 
 
 rar. yod, O 260, P 441. 
 
 fulvocincta, P 440. 
 
 involuta, i9j. 
 
 iota, 33, 37, 335, P 441. 
 
 ? var. retexta, O 260, P 
 
 440. 
 linearis, 193, 260, P 440. 
 producta, 33, 193, 260. 
 recta, 33, 193, 260, O 260, 335, 
 
 P439. 
 retexta, 33, 37, 39, 192. 
 solitaria, 33, 193, 260, 260, 
 
 335, P 439. 
 Liotia 
 
 acutieostata, 98, 138. 
 carinata, 253, 322, P 248. 
 C-B-Adamsii, 253, O 322, P 
 
 249. 
 fenestrata, 98, 138. 
 striulata, 253, 322, P 248. 
 
 Lithodomus 
 
 aiistaUis, 38, 47, 50, P .26, 
 atteiiuatus, 38, 47. 
 calyculatus, 50. 
 caudigerus, 47, jc, P 127. 
 
 car. P 124. 
 
 cinnaniotneus, 50, P 129. 
 ciunaiiiominus, 50. 
 coarctata, 50. 
 Cumingianusi, 50. 
 falcatus, 50, 227, U 202. 
 Giuneri, 50. 
 lithophagus, P 127. 
 pessulatus, 50. 
 plumula, 38, 50. 
 
 var. 50. 
 
 subula, 50. 
 teres, 50. 
 Lithophagus 
 
 aristatus, 23, 107, 199, O 249, 
 
 O 297, 310, 363, O 365, 
 
 P 126, P 128. 
 aristatus, vnr. gracilior, P 129. 
 aristatus, rar. tumidior, 1' 125, 
 
 P 129,0249. 
 atteuuatus, 26, 130, 152, 199, 
 
 O 233,0 248,0 309, O 351, 
 
 P 124, P 127. 
 calyculatus, O 249, O 309, P 
 
 124. 
 caudigerus, 363, O 365. 
 cinnamoiueus, 72, 200, 174, 
 
 O 234, O 249, O 309, 363, 
 
 P 127, P 129. 
 dactylus, O 174. 
 falcatus, 229, O 232, 234, 
 
 U 202. 
 Gruneri, 227, 229, O 232, 
 
 O 350, U 202. 
 lisvigatus, P 125. 
 plumula, 107, 130, 199, 256, 
 
 O 249, 310, P 125, P 128. 
 rugiferus, P 125. 
 Litiopa 
 
 divisa, 288,0350,0234. 
 saxicola, 1 90, 273, P 369, Q 234. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES, 
 
 65 
 
 Litorina 
 
 aberrans, 60, 1S6, O 326. 
 
 angiostouia, 18S, O 273. 
 
 augulifera, U 205. 
 
 aspera, 24, 152, 188, 162, 
 O 186, O 2i6, O 224, O 230, 
 O 235, 237, O 257, 273, 
 O 2S6, O 326, 34S, P 348, 
 
 P 34'J, P 350, P S5(>, P 540. 
 aapera, var. O 273, P 349. 
 atrata, 36, 18S, lyo, O 273, 
 
 326. 
 castanea, 20. 
 cincta, 17. 
 conspersa, 24, 27, 60, 108, 188, 
 
 189,0208,0237,0257,0326, 
 
 P 346, P 347, P 348, P 349- 
 
 var. O 230, O 273. 
 
 coronata, O 297, O 326. 
 dubiosa, ^2, 18S. 
 excavata, 188, 273. 
 fasciata, 27, 152, iSS, 1S9, 
 
 177, 20S, 237, O 257, O 
 
 273, O 296, 326, 352, 
 
 P35i,P 540. 
 foveata, 188, O 273. 
 graudis, 19, 215, 220, O 
 
 223- 
 Groenlandica, 70. 
 iostoma, 35. 
 irrorata, 51. 
 Kurila, 19, 215, 220, 223, 
 
 O326. 
 lepida, 17, 142, 209,0 326, 
 
 O348. 
 litorea, 19, O 176. 
 maculata, 35. 
 megasouia, iSS, 273. 
 modesta, 51, 84, 216, 224, 
 
 237, O 257, O 286, 326, 
 
 P 340, P 347. 
 var. modesta, 141. 
 muricata, O 222. 
 neritoides, O 222. 
 parvula, 32, 36, i88, 273, 
 
 295,0326, ■ 
 
 Litorina 
 
 patula, 17,84, 141,0 209, ;i2, 
 
 O 213. 
 Pedroaua, 76, 118. 
 pbasianella, 273, O 295. 
 Philippii. 24, 32, 36, 108, 188, 
 
 ^ ^57, 273, O 326, O 364, 
 
 P 349. 
 I Philippii, var. dubi* „a, 273. 
 I , var. peiiicillata, 104, 109, 
 
 216. 
 
 planaxis, 17,23,27, 84, 141, 151, 
 
 O 200, 209, O 212, 224, 
 
 O 230, 235, O 326, 349, 
 
 P 348, P 349, V 226. 
 plena, 17, 71, 76, 79, 142, 209, 
 
 O 213, 326. 
 pulchra, 48, 61, 189, O 160, O 
 
 273, 326, P 351. 
 pullata, 32, 104, 216. 
 punctata, P 346. 
 puncticulata, 189, 230, 257, 
 
 O 273, P 346, P 347. 
 porcata, 1S6, 326, 360. 
 pusilla, 230. 
 rudis, 84, 141, O 222. 
 scabra, P 351. 
 
 scuttllata, 213, 326, 348. 
 scutulata, 17, 23, 84, 142, O 
 
 209. 
 Sitchana, 17, 19, 20, 84, I41, 
 
 O 216, 223, O 286, 326. 
 squalida, 176. 
 sulcata, 84, 141. 
 subtenebrosa, 19, 84, 141, Q 215, 
 
 O 220, 223. 
 tenebrata, 13, O 200, 230, V 
 
 226. 
 varia, 48, 188, 189, O 273, O 
 
 326. 
 zebra, P 348. 
 ziczac, 364, P ,8. 
 (ziczac, var.) liiieata, 104, 216. 
 Livooa 
 
 pica, 225, 228, 321, 
 
 350. 
 
C6 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Livona 
 
 piroiiles, 2!, 23, 100, ijS. 
 Lopbyrus 
 
 Adauisii, 19S, 265, 
 alboliueatus, O 252, O 317, 
 
 352, P 191, P 193. 
 articulatas, O 3, 251, O 317, 
 
 P 190, P 192, P 193, P 199. 
 dispar, O 317. 
 Go(xiallii, O 317, 360. 
 laevigatus 317, 352, P 191. 
 striato-siiuamosus, 252,0 317, 
 
 P 192, ? 196. 
 Stokesii, 153, 19S, 266, 
 
 3«7. 
 sulcatus, 317, 360. 
 teuuisculptus, 198. 
 Lottia 
 
 conica, 79. 
 
 gigantea, 26, 47, 136, 151, 309, 
 
 P 199. 
 mitra, 79. 
 pallida, 177, 199, O 215, 
 
 V 222. 
 
 patina, 37, 79, i97, 26S, 252, 
 
 O 276, 0.284, P 203. 
 pintadina, 31, O 173, O 209, 
 
 O 211, P 203, P 208, V 22 1 . 
 punctata, 174, 215, P 209, 
 
 V 222, 
 
 scabra, 79, 199, 284, P 209, 
 
 V 222. 
 spectrum, 79, O 2S4. 
 testudinalis, O 211. 
 textilis, 209. 
 viridula, O 210. 
 
 Lucapina 
 
 alta, P 221. 
 
 crenulata, 27, 45, 76, 137, 151, 
 O I, 174, 199, 320, 
 O 349, V 223. 
 
 inaequalis, P 220. 
 
 pica, P 220. 
 Lucina 
 
 aciitelirata, 97. 
 
 acutilineata, 129, 165, 367. 
 
 Lucina 
 
 aiiuulata, O 24S, 2S9, 307, 
 
 P 96, P 97- 
 Artemidis. 128, O 227, 308, 
 
 U 201. 
 bella, 102, 128, 151, O 197, 
 
 234, 0307, 351, V 218. 
 borealis, 97, 129, 1O8, 167, 
 
 P96. 
 cjelata, O 248, P 102, P 103. 
 calculus, 1S7, P g6, P 100. 
 Californica, 22, 25, 26, 86, 128, 
 
 151, O 197, O 234, 307, O 
 
 351, V 218. 
 cancellaiis, 106, 224, 248, 
 
 O 307, P 99, P 534. 
 Candeaua, O 364, P 103. 
 capax, 39. 
 
 carnaria, O 245, P 40. 
 Cliildreni, 8. 
 commutata, P 99. 
 compressa, 8. 
 cornea, 187, P 103. 
 corrugata, O 203. 
 cristata, 14, 203, O 245, P 39. 
 eburnea, 23, 106, O 187, 24S, 
 
 O 30S, P loi, 
 excavata, 23, 106, 248, O 30S, 
 
 P98. 
 fenestrata, 207, O 297, 308. 
 fibula, O 1S7, P 96, P 99. 
 glacial is, 327. 
 lenticula, 165. 
 lentilaria, 47. 
 lingualis, 104, 211. 
 Mazatlanica, 97, 248, 307, 
 
 1" 99, P 530. 
 muricata, 249, O 307, P 98. 
 Nuttallii, 78, 128, 197, 307, 
 
 351, V 218. 
 obliqna, 60. 
 occidentalis, P 96. 
 orbella, 30, 78, 227, 229, 
 
 O 2S4, U 202, V 218. 
 pecten, O 197, O 364, P 99. 
 pecten, var. V 218. ^ 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 67 
 
 Lucina 
 
 pectinata, 23, 102, 128, 154, 
 
 O 248, O 308, 364, P 98. 
 pis'iin, 60. 
 proloiigata, O 248, 308, P 
 
 lOO. 
 
 punctata, 47, 174, 1S7, 
 O 232, 248, O 307,0 351, 
 352, P 96, F 97-; 
 reticulata, P 99. 
 scabra, 9. 
 
 semireticulata, 248, P 102. 
 serricata, P 104. 
 squaino-ia, P 99. 
 telliiioides, 2or, 279. 
 tenuisculpta, 88,97, '28. 
 tigerina, 63, 153, 243, 24S, 
 O 282, 308, 350, 363, 
 P 96, P 97- 
 undata, 272. 
 unifasciata, U 205. 
 Lucinopsis 
 
 subijuadrata, P 62. 
 undata, Q 231. 
 Lunatia 
 
 algida, 17, O335, O348. 
 
 apeita, 71. 
 
 Bonplandi, O 337. 
 
 caurina, 9, 147, 336, O 34S. 
 
 flava, 336. 
 
 Gallapagosa, O 337, O 360. 
 
 Lerculaea, 17, 147, O 336, 
 
 348. 
 heros, 16S. 
 impervia, 23^- 
 Lewisii, 17, 23, 25, 82, loi, 147, 
 
 16S, O 336. 
 lurida, 337. 
 Otis, 337, O 360. 
 pallida, 71, 147, 169. 
 pallidoides, 71. 
 ravida, 60. 
 septentrionalis, 71. 
 soluta, 9, 147. 
 
 tenuilirata, 214, 261, 337, 
 P45I- 
 
 Luponia 
 
 allii ^inosa, 27, 32, 109. 
 fiuibriolata, 154. 
 Digropuiictata, O 328, O 360, 
 seniipolita, 154. 
 Sowerbyi, 27, 109. 
 spadicea, 9, 23, 143. 
 spurca, 32, 328. 
 Lutraria 
 
 canal iculata, O 211. 
 
 capax, II, 86, 209, 213, 
 
 O 219. 
 carinata, 211. 
 elegans, 204, 2S0. 
 inflata, 296. 
 lineata, 61. 
 maxima, 11, 17, 86, O 192, 
 
 209, 219, O 224, O300. 
 nasuta, 232. 
 Nuttallii, 61, 69. 
 papyria, Si. 
 transmontana, Si. 
 Traskei, 76. 
 nndulata, 211, 227, O 232, 
 
 O 2S0, U 200. 
 ventricosa, 29, O 211, O 227, 
 O 232,0 246, P 51, P 548, U 
 200. 
 Lutricola 
 
 alta, 22, So, 81, 125, 301. 
 Dombeyi, 40, 301, 
 epbippiuni, 301. 
 viridotincta, 105. 
 Lymnaea. See Limnea. 
 Lyonsia 
 
 arenosa, 73. 
 bracteata, 124, O 300. 
 Californica, 22, 26, 124, 167, 
 O 194, 226, O 300, O 349, 
 351, U 199, V 211. 
 cuueata, Q 229. 
 diaphana, 40, 284, O 287, 
 
 301, Q 228. 
 flabellata, 73. 
 
 Floridana, 119, 124, 169. - 
 gibbosa, 222. . ■. ->, 
 
r,s 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Lyonsia 
 
 hyalina, 20, 167, O 104. 
 inflata, 40, 105, 19^ 
 navicula, 73, 91. 
 nitiila, 124, O 194, O 297,0 300, 
 
 U 199, V 211. 
 Norvegica, 20, 71, 73, O 219, 
 
 O 222, O 223. 
 picta, 105, 184, 24s, O 301, 
 
 O 35S, O 364, P 26. 
 plicata, O 364. 
 saxicola, 91. 
 striata, 222. 
 ventricosa, 73. 
 Lyria 
 
 Cumingii, 40. 
 harpa, 24, 40. 
 
 Macheera 
 
 costata, 20, 73, 87, O 219,0 222, 
 
 O 223, 301. 
 lucida, 72, 124, O 195, O 301, 
 
 V 211. 
 maxima, 195. 
 Nuttalli, 5, 349. 
 patula, 12, 20, 22, 26, 72, 87, 
 
 124, 154, 251. 
 sodalis, 73. 
 Macoma 
 
 calcarea, "o, 125. 
 
 concinna, 202. 
 
 crassula, 235. 
 
 Douibeyi, 202. 
 
 edentula, 12, 70, 113, 125. 
 
 edulis, 12, 86, 125, 
 
 (?fiir.) espansa, 88, 125. 
 
 Fabricii, 125. 
 
 fragilis, 125. 
 
 fusca, 167. 
 
 inconspicua, 12, 18, 20, 86, 125, 
 
 167. 
 indentata, 97, 125. 
 inquinata, 11, 80, 97, 125, 168. 
 lata, 70, 88, 125. 
 nasnta, 20, 22, 26, 71, 125. 
 proxima, 70, 88. 
 
 Macoma 
 
 secla, 12, 22, 26, 86, 125, 151. 
 solidula, 39, 125, 204. 
 sordida, 70. 
 Suesoni, 70. 
 teuera, O 221. 
 tersa, 125. 
 
 yoldiformis, 88, 97, 125. 
 Macroceramus 
 
 IM)lystreptus, 45. 
 Macrocyclis 
 
 Nwwberiyana, 157. 
 (?c((r.) sportella, 157. 
 Vancouvereusis, 157. 
 Macron 
 
 Kellettii, 40, 102, 150, 151. 
 lividus, icx), 150, 151. 
 Mactra 
 
 a lata, P 50. 
 albaria, 76. 
 aiigulata, O 229, 246, 282, 
 
 289, O 297, O 304, P 52, 
 
 S 161. 
 aiigusta, 2S7, O 289, 304. 
 Braj-iliana, O 211, O 246, P 51. 
 Californica, 26, O 196, 229, 
 
 232, O 287, O 289, 304, 
 
 349, V 214. 
 canaliculata, 364. 
 carinata, O 364, P 50. 
 carinulata, O 289, P 52. 
 Diegoana, 76. 
 donaciformis, 289. 
 elegans, 174, O 227, 280, 
 
 O 282, O 284, O 2S9, O 304, 
 
 O 352, 364, U 200. 
 exoleta, 208, O 211, 2:^7, 
 
 O 232, 246, 280, 364, 
 
 P SO, P 51. P 52, U 200, V 
 
 214. 
 falcata, 209, 232, O 304. 
 fragilis, O 243, 246, 304, 
 
 363, P SI- 
 Gabiotensis, 82. 
 goniata, O 287, 304, P S2. 
 laciniata, 284, 304, S 161. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 69 
 
 Mactra 
 
 uiaxima, 192. 
 
 uieiulioa, 227, P 549, U 200. 
 
 modesta, 152. 
 
 nasuta, 211, 232,0 304, 
 
 O352. 
 Nuttallii, 194. 
 oMoiiga, 246, P 51. 
 ovaliua, O 246, P 51. 
 ovalis, 219, O 221, O 223, 
 
 O 304. 
 pallida, >75, O 304. 
 planulata, 25, O 196, 304, 
 
 349, V 214. 
 ponderosa, O 221. 
 siiiiilis, O 178, 192, O 221. 
 stnltoium, P 531. 
 subglohosi, 175. 
 uudulata, U 2cx>. 
 velata, 204, 280, 295, O 304. 
 Mactrella 
 alata, 154. 
 exoleta, 29, 126, 204. 
 carinata, 154. 
 lacinata, 2S4, S 161. 
 Meera 
 
 Gouldii. 301. 
 saltnonea, 113, 125, 235. 
 Malea 
 
 crassilabris,0 171,0 178, 238, 
 
 269. 
 latilabris, 171, 238, O 269, 
 
 O 292, O 337. 
 ringens, 24, 34, So, no, 152, 
 153. 166, 179, O 171, O 238, 
 O 282, 2S8, 337. 
 ringeus, far. 238. 
 Mamma 
 
 uberina, P 452. 
 Mangelia 
 
 acuticostata, 36, 184, O 284, 
 
 O332, P401, S 162. 
 acaticostata, var. subangulata, 
 
 259, P 400. 
 albolaqueata, 273. 
 angulata, 23, 89, 144, 284. 
 
 Mangelia 
 
 ait^iiuata, 144. 
 
 cfina, 24, 294. 
 
 conciiina, O 332. 
 
 crebricostata, 114, 144, 242. 
 
 exigua, 184. 
 
 geuimulo.sa, 1S4. * 
 
 bainata, 24, 293, 294. 
 
 interfo.ssa, 114, 144, 242. 
 
 levidensis, 89, 144. 
 
 neglecta, 36, 184, O 272, O 332, 
 
 P 401, S 163. 
 plumbea, O 332. 
 pulcbella, 24. 
 rlgida, S 163. 
 far. fuscoligata, 284, 
 
 S 163, S 164. 
 septangularis, 144 
 * striosa, O 284,8 163. 
 
 subdiaphana, 24, 104, 154, 21S. 
 sulcata, 34, 259. 
 sulcosa, 185, O 272, O 332. 
 tabulata, 114, 144, 242. 
 variegata, 23, 144, 284. 
 (?variegata, var.) nitens, 144, 
 
 284. 
 Margarita 
 
 acuminata, 47. 
 
 acuticostata, 98, 139. 
 
 albula, 73. 
 
 arctica, 19, 73, 322, 216, 
 
 220, O 223, 321. 
 argentata, 71. 
 calostoma, 18, 40, 139, 286, 
 
 321. 
 cidaris, 113, 139, 238. 
 var. couica, 139. 
 costellata, 18, 40, 47, 92. 
 Groenlandica, 216. 
 helicina, 71, 113, 139, 169, O 
 
 216. 
 Hillii, 28, 240. 
 ianthina, 73. 
 inflata, 89, 139. 
 lirulata, 82, 139. 
 mustelina, 73. 
 
TO 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Margarita 
 
 obifcura, 70. 
 
 var. ohioleiti, 139. 
 
 pupilla, 25, 40, 47, 92, 98, 139. 
 
 purpurata, 2S, 240. 
 
 pasilla, 89. 
 
 {frar.) salinontta, 98, 139. 
 
 Schantarica, 73. 
 
 Bordida, O 216. 
 
 striata, 47, 71, 176, 216, 
 
 O 223, O 321. 
 for. subelevata, 139. 
 sulcata, O 216, O 223, O 321. 
 V(tr. temiisculpta, 89, 139. 
 nnibilicalis, 176. 
 undulata, 47, 98, 139. 
 Vahlii, S9, 139, 169. 
 Margaritana 
 
 m.irearitifera, 85, 116, 120, i6<f. 
 Margaritiphora 
 alliiiia, F 149. 
 barbata, 199. 
 fimbriata, 27, 50, 107. 153, 199, 
 
 O 161, O 249, O 277, O 282, 
 
 O311, P 550. 
 margaritifera, P 149. 
 MaEatlanica. 199, O 249, 296, 
 
 311, P 149, P 196. 
 radiata, P 149. 
 Marginella 
 
 coerulea, O 363 : [should be — ] 
 cocrulescens, 15, 24, 35, 177, 
 
 189, O 339, O 365. 
 curta, O 296, 339. 
 cyprapola, 45, 267, 285, 
 
 ' 339- 
 glans, IS, 177. 
 granum, O 267 
 imbricata, O 226, O 285, 297, 
 
 339. 
 Jewettii, 23, 147, 287, 228, 
 
 O 339, O 349, U 207. 
 Lavalleana. P 461. 
 margaritula, 261, 339, 
 
 O 364, P 462. 
 minima, 364, P 461. 
 
 Marginella 
 
 luiiinr, 110, 147, 177, 261, 
 
 O 267, O 339, O 364, P 461. 
 OTuIiforniis, O 261,0 364,? 462. 
 polita, 23, 24, O 261, 339, 
 
 P462. 
 pruimm, 7, 15, 177, O 189, O 
 
 206, 282, O 339, O 363, 
 
 0365. 
 
 regularis, 23, 147, 287. 
 
 sapotilla. IS, 35, 177, 189, 
 O 206, O 231, O 267, 282, 
 O 339, O 363. 
 
 snbtrigoiia, 23, 147, 287. 
 Marinula 
 
 Recluzian.'i, O 27s. 
 Marmorostoma 
 
 pianosj.ira, 35. 
 
 undulata, 10. 
 Martesia 
 
 iutereal.ita, 114, 123, 151,0 244, 
 O 299, P 13, 
 Megalomastoma 
 
 siuiulacruin, 4S. 
 Meioceras. See Mioceras. 
 Melampus 
 
 aeutus, O 315. 
 
 Adamsianus, S 161. 
 
 bidentatus, P 178. 
 
 Bridgesii, O 284, O 315, S i6i. ' 
 
 coiicinnus, O 315. 
 
 fai^ciatus, 44. 
 
 infrequent, O 315. 
 
 olivacens, 107, 133, 151, 159, 
 233,0 251,0 284,0 315, 
 
 3Si,P 178. 
 Panamensis, O 315. 
 atagnalis, 315. 
 Tabogensis,0 315. 
 trilineatus, 0315. 
 Melania 
 
 bulbosa, 163, O 209, 325. 
 Buschiana, 51. 
 exigaa, 163, 283. 
 fusca. 163. 
 Gouldii, 325. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 n 
 
 Melania 
 
 Largillierti, 265. 
 niaziiiia, O 286. 
 Men kf ana, 163. 
 Nt"wl»erryi, 120, 163. 
 nigriua, 51, 120, 163. 
 occata, 120, 206, 2II,0 325. 
 plicata, O 211, 0325. 
 plicifera, 18, 84, 92, 116, 163, 
 
 0210,0213,0325. 
 polygonata, O 286. 
 rndens, 92. 
 seniinalis, 120. 
 Scipio, 51. 
 
 Sha3taei)sis, 120, 163. 
 Shortaensis, 84. 
 ailicula, 84, 92, 163, 209, 
 
 0325. 
 siliqua, O 209. 
 striata, 6, 162. 
 snbnodosa, O 265. 
 Wahlamatensis, 163, 211 
 
 325. 
 
 Warderiana, 163. 
 Melaraphe 
 
 fasciata, P 351. 
 
 phasianella, 31, 37, 192. 
 Meleagrina 
 
 fimbriata, 296, ? 550. 
 
 Mazatlanica, P 149^ p i^i, 
 Melongena 
 
 occidentals?, 35. 
 Membranipora 
 
 calpensis, P 2. 
 
 denticulata, O 243, 298, P i. 
 
 Fleiningii, 34, 256. 
 
 gothica, O 243, 298, P 2. 
 
 Lacroixii, P 2, 
 
 Rozieri, P 2. 
 
 Savartii, P 2. 
 MenetuB 
 
 opercularis, i6r. 
 Mercenaria 
 
 Dui-atelUi, 77. 
 
 orientalis, 69. 
 
 perlaminoaa, 77. 
 
 Mercenaria 
 
 Siiiij^Houi, 69, 73. 
 Meretriz 
 
 Californiana, 75. 
 Dariena, 77. 
 impudica, P 70. 
 petichialis, P 70. 
 Poiilsoni, 75. 
 Tularena, 75. 
 uniomeris, 75. 
 Uvasana, 75. 
 Mesalia 
 
 lactea, 89, 141. 
 lacteola, 89, 93, 141^ 166, 169. 
 subplanata, 89, 141, 
 tenuisculpta, 98, 141, 
 Mesembrinus 
 excelsus, 158. 
 iuscendi tis, 158. 
 pallidior, 158. 
 Mesodesma 
 
 rubrotinctum, 78. 
 Mesodon 
 
 Columbianus, 157. 
 devius, 157. 
 Meta 
 
 cedonnlli, 53. 
 coniformis, 53. 
 Dupontiae, 53. 
 ovuloidea, 53. 
 Metula 
 
 Hiudsii, O 342. 
 MUtha 
 
 Childreni, 106. 
 Mioceras 
 
 cornubovis, X 439, X 443. 
 cornucopiae, X 429, X 439, X 
 
 440, X 443, 
 nitidum, X 438, X 443. 
 Miodon 
 
 orbicularis, 236. 
 prolongatus, 97, 113, 128, 168, 
 236. 
 Miralda * 
 
 laeunata, 33, P 414. 
 
 quinqnecincta, 32, P 414. 
 26 
 
T9 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES, 
 
 Miralda 
 
 sc.ilariformis, JJ, P 413. 
 Mitra 
 
 aiui)horella, P 461. 
 
 atteiiuata, <) 1S8, 339. 
 
 auriunloides, O ^31. 
 
 babea, O 171, O 339. 
 
 Beloheri, O 206, O 339. 
 
 Chilensis, 13, 147. 
 
 crassiJeus, O 175. 
 
 creoata, 1 10. 
 
 Dupontii, O 231, 239, 261, 
 P466. 
 
 effiisa, O 185, 338. 
 
 foramlnata,0 231. 
 
 funieulata, 24, 177, 267, 
 
 gaiisapata, i86, O 339, O 361. 
 granulosa, 177, O 364. 
 gratio.sa, O 186, 339, 361 
 Ilaneti, 62. 
 
 Hiudsii, O 207, 208, 339. 
 lens, 24, 28, 177, 231, O 239, 
 261, O 267, O 33?, P 460, 
 
 P 545- 
 maiira, 13, 147, 170, 201, 
 
 33S, 349, V 227. 
 muricata, O 339, 361. 
 nucleola, 24, no, 177, 267, 
 
 o 338, 364. 
 
 orientali.s, 13, 147. 
 
 pica, O 231. 
 
 solitaria, no, 177, O 267, 284, 
 
 339- 
 
 sulcata, 188. 
 
 tristis, 177, 185,0 267, P 461. 
 Mitrella 
 
 cribraria, P 487. 
 Mitromorpba 
 
 aspera, 144. 
 
 filosa, 144, 284. 
 
 effusa, 144. 
 Modelia 
 
 striata, 118, 240. 
 Modiola 
 
 Adamsiana, 38. 
 
 Modiola 
 
 attfuuata, P 124. 
 
 Brasiliensis, iS, 23, 38, 47, 50, 
 •52, 153, '99,0 248, O 277, 
 O 309,0 3<'3, P '21, P '22, 
 
 PSSo. 
 Brasiliensif, vnr. mutabilis, O 
 
 24S, P 122. 
 Califoriiiensia, 174. 
 capax, 23, 27,38, 50, 78, 85, 107, 
 
 '29, 152, '53, '99, O 197, 
 
 O 232, 236, O 241, 248, 
 
 O 282, O 284, 296, 351, 
 
 O 352, O 353, O 358, 361, 
 
 O 366, P 121, V 218. 
 cauiligera, O 249, P 127. 
 Chi-nuana, P 123. 
 cinnamouiea, 63, P 129. 
 contracta, 76. 
 cultellns, O 203, O 223. 
 discrepans, O 21 1. 
 divaricata, O 234. 
 elongata, O 211, O 309. 
 flabcllata, 13, 18, 85, 213, 
 
 309. 
 
 rar. 1 30, 
 
 flabellnm, O 234. 
 fornicata, 22, 129, 280. 
 Gibbsii, O 218. 
 grandis, O 218. 
 Guyanensi.*, 248, P 122. 
 modiolus, 22, 26, 85, 129, 169, 
 
 218, O 223, O 309, 366, 
 
 P 121. 
 nigra, O 223. 
 nitens, 21, 50, I02, 227, 
 
 309, 349. 
 
 opifex, 123. 
 
 papnana, O 218. 
 
 plumula, P 125. 
 
 recta, 13, 18, 22, 76, 129, 197, 
 
 229, O 349, V 218. 
 semifusca, 38, 47, 199, 248, 
 
 277, P 122. 
 semilaevis, 236, P 539. 
 spinifera, P 121. 
 
INDEX or SPECIES. 
 
 ts 
 
 Modiola 
 
 subpurparea, 21, 50. 
 sulcata, 1' 119. 
 vernic'osa, 22j. 
 vulgaris, O 211. 
 Modiolaria 
 
 eorrugata, 71. 
 discors, 218. 
 
 l£Bvigata, 88, 130, 169, 218. 
 laevis, 218. 
 marruorata, 88, 130, 169. 
 iiigra, 71, O 2i8, 221. 
 vernicosa, 21S, 221. 
 Modulus 
 
 carchedouicus, 286, 364, 
 
 P 35^- 
 catenulatus, 27, 109, 191, 230, 
 
 O 233, 257, 274, 326, 
 
 364, P 353. 
 
 cerodes, 152. 
 
 disculus, 27, 36, 192, :o2, 
 
 225, 226, 230, 233, 
 
 257, 326, 364, P 353, 
 
 U 205. 
 dorsuosus, 21, 226, 228, 
 
 O 230, O 257, 326, P fSS, 
 
 U 205. ' 
 duplicatus, 226. 
 
 var. 257, P 253. 
 
 lenticularis, 21, 226. 
 
 lividus, 274. 
 
 trocbiformis, 202, 257, ? 
 
 352. 
 unidens, P 352. 
 ?Mormula 
 
 nnifasciata, 33, P 433. 
 Monoceros 
 
 brevidens, 13, 149, O 201, 
 
 285, 340, V 229. 
 brevidentatnm, 25, 179, 191, 
 
 O 231, 235, 269, 283, 
 
 O341. 
 cingulatum, 29, 48, 180, 171, 
 
 188, 238, 269, P 457, 
 
 P 458, P 542. 
 comigerum, 341. " 
 
 Monoceros 
 
 cratisilabiuin, 171, 235. 
 cjmatum, 4S, O 174, O 177, 
 
 O 235, O 2S5, O 294. 
 engonatum. Sj, 102, 149, O 201, 
 
 O 340, 349, V 228. 
 globulus, O 235. 
 - -ude, 177, O 188, O 204, O 
 
 '.QA. O 1J.I. O 761. 
 
 gra 
 
 294, O 341, O 361 
 
 lapilloides, 13, 83, 149, O 2or, 
 
 O 231, 340,0349, V 229. 
 Ingubre, 10, 14, 48, 76, '5>, 153, 
 
 O 177,0 178,0 285, 294, 
 
 O341. 
 
 rar. 1 52. 
 
 maculatum. O 177, 2oi,~0 
 
 341, V 229. 
 muricatum, () 191,0 234,0 238, 
 
 P 458, P 476, P 542. 
 plunibenm, 35. 
 punctatum, 83, 149, O 177, 
 
 201, 231, 2J5, O 293, 
 
 V 229. 
 punctnlatum, O 201, V 229. 
 fviir. spiratuin, 149. 
 tuberculatum, O 234, O 341, 
 
 o 352. 
 
 unicarinatnm, S3, 149, 201, 
 O 231, 235, 285, O 293, 
 
 V 229. 
 Monodonta 
 
 carcbedonia, P 352. 
 catenulata, O 238. 
 fusca, 35. 
 modulus, P 353. 
 pyriformis, 228, U 204. 
 Sayii. O 2S6. 
 Montacuta 
 
 cbalcedonica, 34, 354, P 
 
 531- 
 dionaea, 257. 
 divaricata, 73. 
 
 elliptica, 248, 308, P 113. 
 obtusa, 34, 257. 
 
 bqnadrata, O 248, 308, P 
 
 "3, P 114. 
 
 su 
 
 113, P 114. 
 
14 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Mopalia 
 
 acut:i, ij;4. 
 
 Blainvillei, 318, O 351. 
 
 Grayii, 89, 134. 
 
 Hiiidsii, 13, 26, 89, 92, 31S. 
 
 imporcata, 89, 134. 
 
 lignosa, 40, 134. 
 
 Merckii, 134. 
 
 Montereyeneis, 19, 134. 
 
 muscosa, 23, 26, 92, 134. 
 
 Simpsonii. 134, 318, O 349. 
 
 sinuata, 8g, 134. 
 
 Stiinpsoni, 72. 
 
 (?r«r.) Swar.ii, 113, 134, 238. 
 
 vespertina, 134, O 318, 348. 
 
 Wosnesbenskii, 134. 
 Morrisia 
 
 Honiii, 118. 
 Mormus 
 
 pilula, 158. 
 
 sufflatus, 158. 
 Morum 
 
 xaiithostoma, 287. 
 Morvilia 
 
 zon.ita, 71. 
 Mouretia 
 
 Peruviana, 9. 
 
 stellata, O 185. 
 Mncronalia 
 
 ill -oliita, 33, 259, P 439. 
 
 solitaria, 32, 37- 
 Malinia 
 
 angnlata, 23, 27, 76, io6, 204. 
 O 246, 280, P 52. 
 
 carinulata, 152. 
 
 densata, 80. 
 
 donaciformis, 204, 246, 280, 
 P 52, P 549. 
 
 exalbida, O 295. 
 
 Tentricosa, 204, 246, 280, 
 
 P51. 
 Mumlola 
 
 nodosa, 33, T 4^7. 
 oblonga, 33, P 418. 
 ovata, 33, 39, P 417. 
 rotundata, 33, P 418. 
 
 Murez 
 
 acanthopterus, 177. 
 aculeatus, 179, 188, 238, 
 
 271, P 527. 
 alatus, 173, O 177. 
 alveatus, O iSS, P 527. 
 ambiguus, 177, 237, 238, 
 
 O 264,0 271, P 521, P 543. 
 amplustris, 4. 
 anceps, 182. 
 argus, 4, 177. 
 argus, var. P 455. 
 amiatus, 226, 287, O 344. 
 Belcheri, 15,60, 182,0205,0351. 
 bicc'or, 119, 172,0 234,0 235, 
 
 O 238, 264, 352, P 524, 
 
 P 525, P 543. 
 .— ^— var. 45. 
 Boivinii, 182, 293. 
 brassiea, 174, 176, O 177, 
 
 O 234, O 236, 238, 264, 
 
 P 523, P 537, P 543- 
 Californicus, O 205. 
 centrifuga, 99, 205. 
 ceratus, O 179, P 457. 
 clathratus, 217. ^ 
 
 conieus, 217. ' 
 
 corrugatus, O 294. 
 crassispina, P 518. 
 crispatus, 5, 8. 
 dubius, 1S2, 179, 188, 
 
 238, 271, P 526, P 543. 
 ducalis, O 176, 236,0 238, 
 
 O 264, P 523, 
 erinacens, P 628. 
 erinaceoides, 172, P 527. 
 
 var. indentatus, 264. 
 
 erosus, 182,0 182, O 271, 345. 
 
 O364. 
 erythrostoma, 45, 238, 264, 
 
 P524. 
 
 ferruginens, 7, 173, 217. 
 festivus, 83, 205. 
 flmbriatus, O 287. 
 foliatU3,3,5,6, 83,0 173,0 177, 
 0235,0241,0293. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 75 
 
 Murex 
 
 foveolatus, 205. 
 
 funiculatus, P 519, P 520. 
 
 glomus, 4, 5. 
 
 hamatus, 208. 
 
 hippocastanum, O 264, P 524. 
 
 horridas, 182, 293, O 345. 
 
 humi'iis, 208. 
 
 imperialis, 45, O 178, P 524. 
 
 incisus, 208. 
 
 lactuca, 7, 173, 217, 223. 
 
 var. 173. 
 
 lappa, O 182, O 238, 264, 
 
 P 526, P 543. 
 lima, 61. 
 livid us, 345. 
 lyralus, 5. 
 macropterus, 203. 
 melanoleucus, 42. 
 melanomathos, 6, 271. 
 messorius, 238, O 264, O 294, 
 
 O364, P5'9, P 520, P 543. 
 
 var. P 519. 
 
 miliaris, P 485. 
 monoceros, 201, O 293. 
 monodon, 83, 173, O 174, 
 
 O 177, 217, O 223. 
 montacilla, 294. 
 multicostatus, 7, O 173, 217. 
 nigrescens, 25, O 264, 294, 
 
 P 519, P 520. 
 nigritus, 60, 177, 237, 
 
 238, 264, 354, P 521, 
 
 P 523, P 530, P 543- 
 
 var. 238. 
 
 nitidus, 182, O 264, P 523. 
 nodatua, 10. 
 
 nucleus, O 182, 345, 361, 
 Nnttalli, 201, O 231, 293. 
 DUX, 191, 287, P 484. 
 oxyacantba, 182, 208, O 294. 
 pauxillus, 264, 287, P 
 
 528. 
 peritus, O 205. 
 Peruvianas, 7. 
 phyllopterus, 48, 177. 1 
 
 Murex 
 
 pinniger, 235. 
 
 plicatus, 28, 112, 185, O 234, 
 
 263, 345, O 352, P 51S. 
 pomum, var. 45. 
 ponderosus, iig. 
 princeps, 264, P 124, P 523, 
 
 PS25. 
 pumilus, O 182, 345, 361. 
 purpura, 4, 5.0 177, P 485. 
 radix, 6, 182, O 174, O 177, 
 
 O271, 283, P 521, P 522. 
 radicatus, 205, O 264, P 526. 
 rectirostris, 182, O 271, 294, 
 
 345. P 519, P 520. 
 recurvirostris, 25, 28, 112, 1S2, 
 
 182, 271, O 345, 364, P 
 
 519, P 520. 
 var. lividus, 264, P 
 
 519- 
 regius, 182,0 172, 174, 177, 
 
 179,0 264, O 271, 283, 
 
 P524- 
 rigidus, lo, 179, 188. 
 saltibrosus, 182, O 179, 238, 
 
 0271,0293, P 485, P 543. 
 saloio, 10. 
 sanguineus, 10. 
 sci-cc/status, 35. 
 
 ternispina, 238, P 518, P 543. 
 tortuus, 14. 
 trialatus, 5, 192. 
 tricolor, 119,0 172,0 264,0 
 
 271, P 525. 
 trigonularis, 177. 
 tripterus, 5, 6, O 173. 
 uncinatus, P 335. 
 unidentatus, 238, P 519, p 
 
 543- 
 vibex, 183, 182, O 271. 
 vittatus, 183, 271. 
 vitulinus, 177, O 262, P 485, 
 P486. 
 Muricidea ' c - i:; 
 alveata, 155,0345. '' 
 Califoruica, 149. ''- 
 
t6 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Muricidea 
 
 dubia, 25, 28, 112, 182, 274,0 
 
 264, O 345, P 526. 
 erinaceoides, O 345. 
 rar. indentata, 264, 
 
 345, P 527. 
 erosa, 182. 
 lactaca, 345. 
 lappa, O 264, 345, P 526. 
 pauxillus, 264, 345, P 
 
 528. 
 perita, 345. 
 pinuigera, 25. ' 
 radicata, O 345. 
 rar. squamulata, 274. 
 vibex, 25, O 345. 
 vittata, 183, O 345. 
 Musculus-polylepto-ginglymuB 
 
 Arca-NoK, ^Z- 
 Mya 
 
 abrupta, 165, 367. 
 
 arenaria, 69, 70, 74, O 219, 
 
 O 222, O 223, O 300. 
 byssifera, 221. 
 cancellata, 87. 
 hjalina, 222. 
 Japonica, 74- 
 Moutereyana, ' '>. 
 praecisa, 17, 123,0 209, O 210, 
 
 219, 300. 
 suborbicularis, P 105. 
 sabsinnata, 80. 
 truncata, 17, 70, 123, i68, 209, 
 
 210, O 219, O 222, O 223. 
 Uddevalensis, 222. 
 Myrtsea 
 
 lenticula, 165. 
 Mysia 
 
 tumida, 12, 78, 129, 196, V 
 
 215. 
 usta, 73. 
 Mytilimerla 
 
 Nuttaltii, 26, 87, 124, O 194, 
 301, O349, V211. 
 Mytilus 
 
 abbreviatua, 219. 
 
 Mytilus 
 
 Adamsianus, 41. 
 
 bicolor, P 122. 
 
 bifurcatus, 12, 49, 129, 198, 
 
 226, 309, O 349, V 219. 
 borealia, 219. 
 Brasiliensis, U 202. 
 Californiauus, 5, 22, 26, 72, 85, 
 
 129, O 192, 197, 212, O 
 
 234, O 284, O 309, 349, 
 
 351, V 219. 
 cinnamomeas, P 129. 
 coruscus, 73. 
 Cumingiauu3, 49. 
 edulis, 18, 22, 26, 70, 72, 76, 
 
 78, 85, 129, 151, 169, O 192, 
 
 197, O 212, O 219, 223, 
 
 2S4, O 309. 
 
 var. 102. 
 
 var, latissitnus, V 219. ' 
 
 flabelHtus, 18. 
 
 frons, 6. 
 
 glomeratus, 26, 49, 102, 129, 
 
 212, 227, 234, 309, 
 
 P 119, U 202. 
 Gaiaensis, 277. 
 Guyauensis, P 122. 
 humerus, 75. 
 incurvatus, 219. 
 Inezeusis, 81. 
 latissimus, 197. 
 lithophagus striatus, P 126. 
 multiformis, 27, 41, 106, 199, 
 
 200, 248, 309, P 1 1 8, 
 
 P 120, U 202. 
 normalis, 197. 
 notatus, 219. 
 palliopunctatua, 49, 106, 248, 
 
 282, O309, P 118, P 119, 
 Pedroanus, 76. 
 pellucidus, O 197, 219. 
 retusus, O 219. 
 ropan, 249, P 129. 
 rugosu8, O 221. 
 Sallei, 49. 
 splendens, 72, 73. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 n 
 
 Mytilua 
 
 spatula, 236, P 121, P 538. 
 
 subriaxatilis, 219. 
 
 teuuiaratus, P 118. 
 
 trossulus, 18, 78, 129, 212. 
 Myurella 
 
 albociucta, 109, 258, P VI., 
 P 384, P 3S6. 
 
 elata, 177. 
 
 frigata, 360. 
 
 Hiudsii, O 258, P 385, P 386. 
 
 larvaeformis, 177. 
 
 rufocinerea, 32, O 25S, P 386. 
 
 simplex, 23, 100, 143, 285. 
 
 Bubnodosa, 109, 258, P 3S6. 
 
 tuberculosa, 177. 
 
 variegata, 109, 153. 
 
 Nacella 
 
 Asmi, 318. 
 
 depicta, 21, 136, 227, 229, 
 318, 349, U 204. 
 
 incessa, 23, 26, 136, O 229, 
 318, 349. 
 
 instabilis, 84, 136, O 318. 
 
 paleacea, 21, 23, 136. 
 
 peitoides, 31, 104, 213. 
 
 subspiralis, 98, 136. 
 
 7var. triangularis, 98, 136. 
 Naranio 1 
 (Narinio) / 
 
 scobina, O 244, 300, P 529. 
 Narica 
 
 auomala, P 355. 
 
 aperta, 104, 215. 
 
 cryptophila, 254, 323. 
 
 Diegoana, 76. 
 
 insculpta, 273. 
 
 ovoidea, 228, 230, P 355, 
 U 205. 
 Narinio. See Naranio. 
 Nassa 
 
 acuta, 35, 263, O 342, O 366, 
 P 497, P 49S. 
 
 ambigua, 155, 364. 
 
 angulifera, 186, 342, 361. 
 
 Nassa 
 
 Californica, 155. ' 
 
 canescens, 35, 178, 268, 
 
 342. 
 collaria, 25, 155, O 231, 268, 
 
 O342. 
 complanata, 25, 35, 151, 179^ 
 
 O231. 
 Cooperi, 28, 100, 148. 
 corpulenta, 25, 28, in, 231, 
 
 268, O 342. 
 costellata, O 167, 
 crebristriata, 25, 34, 35, ,79, 
 263,0 342, O 351,0 366, 
 P4Q9. 
 crenulata, O 222. 
 decussata, 35, 178, P 497. 
 elegans, 17, 100, 148. 
 exilis, 35. 
 
 festiva, O 185, O 268, 342. 
 fossata, 25, 27, 100, 148, 209, 
 
 O342. 
 gemmulata, 69. 
 gemmulosa, 178, 263, 268, 
 
 342, P 498. 
 Gibbesii, 17, ^^ 148. 
 glauca, 268, 342. 
 incrassata, 167, P 499. ; 
 
 insculpta, 99, 102, 148. 
 interstriata, 76, 100. 
 Innata, 76. 
 
 luteostoma, 28, 178, 176 
 231, O 2J5, 262, 268 
 283, 342, 351, P 494, 
 P 496, P 542. 
 mendica, 17, 23, 25, 27, 28, 76, 
 83, 148, 168, O 209, 212, 
 342, O 348. 
 mcesta, 206. 
 nodicincta, 25, 153, o 186, 
 
 342. 
 nodifera, 178, 185, 268 
 
 342, O 361, P 496. 
 nodocincta, O 297, 361. 
 noduNfera, 256, P 496. i€- 
 
 NortbisB, 48, 61. . ..„ 
 
78 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Nassa ■•■•" 
 
 obsoleta, 179. ■'■''■■ 
 
 pagclus, 25, 35, 178, 268, 
 
 O 342, P 552. 
 ( var.) acuta, 178, 263, 
 
 P 498. 
 pallida, O 185, 342. 
 Panamensis, 35, 179, 268, 
 
 O 342. 
 paupera, 35, 100, 179. 
 Pedroana, 76. 
 perpinguis, 23, 27, 100, 147, 
 
 206, O 231, 342, 349. 
 polygonata, P 497. 
 proxima, 34, 35, 179, 268. 
 scabriuscula, 25, 28, 35, 179, 
 
 185, O 26S, O 342. 
 Stimpsoniana, 25, 179. 
 striata, 35, 100, 179, 268, 
 
 O342. 
 tegula, 25, III, 148, 151, 152, 
 
 192, O 262, O 283, O 342, 
 
 O351, P 490, P 497. 
 ——— var. nodulifera, 263, 
 
 P496. 
 tiarula, 192, P 497. 
 trivittata, 76, 8^, 148, 168, 
 
 209. 
 versicolor, 25, 34, 35, in, 179, 
 
 231, 268, O 342, O 364, 
 
 P499. 
 
 var. 268. 
 
 Wilsoni, 35, 179, O 268, 342 
 Woodwardi, 17, 28, 148. 
 xanthostoma, 176, 262, P 
 
 495. 
 Natica 
 
 alabaster, 261, 292, P 452. 
 alapapilionis, no. 
 algida, 17, 210, 212. 
 alveata, 75, 77. 
 aperta, O 216, O 220, 223. 
 Beverlii, 9. 
 
 bifaaciata, 192, 234, O 235, 
 - 292, O 296, O 336, 352. 
 
 Bonplandi, 7, 170. 
 
 Natica 
 
 borealis, 177, 216, 220. 
 var. Californica, 193, O 201, 
 
 O336. 
 canreua, no, 235. 
 catenata, 24, no, 155. 
 caurina, O 209, 213, O 348. 
 Chemnitzii, 202, 2n, 235, 
 
 236, O 240, O 260, 274, 
 
 292, 336, P 449, P 450, 
 
 "V 227. 
 clausa, 9, 25, 71, 72, 147, 169, 
 
 322, 176, 216, O 220, 
 
 223, 335. 
 consolidata, 216, O 220. 
 Elenae, 40. 
 excavata, 40, O 282, 336, 
 
 S 165, 
 flava, 19, O 216, 223. 
 Gallapagosa, 176, O 185, 274. 
 geniculata, 77. 
 gibbosa, 75. 
 glauca, O 172, 190, 202, 
 
 237, P 540. 
 Gouldii, O 216, 220. 
 Grojnlaiidica, 216. 
 Haueti, 40, 194, O 230, 274, 
 
 O336. 
 helicoides, 8, 223. 
 herculea, 84, 216, 224. 
 heros, O 2n. 
 
 ianthostoma, 203, O 216. 
 iuipervia, 348. 
 luezaua, 82. 
 intemerata, 286. 
 intermedia, P 448. 
 iostoma, 235, O 261, P 449, 
 
 R 450, P 53^- 
 lactea, 216. 
 Lewisii, 84,0 209, 2n,0 213, 
 
 216, 284. 
 lineata, 40, S 165. 
 lurida, 37, 193, O 260, 274, 
 
 P448. 
 Moquiniana, 62, 
 maroccana, 13, 27, 37, 63, 69, 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 79 
 
 Natlca 
 
 no, 193, 201, 202, 211, 
 O 230, O 234, 236, O 237, 
 261, O 274, 296, O 336, 
 352, O 353, O 360, 365, 
 O 366, P 448, P 450, P 536, 
 PS40. 
 
 var. 24, 230, 235, 
 
 240, 282. 
 
 var. Califoruica, V 227. 
 
 ir«.ii'4 
 
 marochienais, 63, 69, 261, 
 
 P448. 
 Ocoyana, 77. 
 oetites, 75. 
 Otis, 9, 37, 193, O 176, 185, 
 
 274, O 296. 
 ovum, O 237, O 261, P 452, 
 
 P 540. 
 pallida, 9, 176, 2i6, 220, 
 
 223, O 347. 
 Panamensis, 185. 
 patula, 8, 170, O 172, 190, 
 
 202, 234, O 237. 
 perspicua, 292. 
 plieatula, 201. 
 Pritchardi, 240, 261, 336, 
 
 P 449, V 227. 
 pusilla, 216. 
 rapulum, 261, P 452. 
 Recluziana, 203, 208, O 234, 
 
 237, P 540. 
 rugosa, 61. 
 russa, 72. 
 
 Salangonensis, O 274. 
 sanguinolenta, O 203. 
 saturalis, 177, 216. 
 saxea, 367. 
 
 septeutrionalis, O 216, 220. 
 semilunata, 75. 
 Bevera, 72. 
 Souleyetiana, 24, 37, 193, 230, 
 
 274, 336. 
 Taalei, 62. 
 
 tessellata, 261, P 449. 
 nber, 7, O 231, O 274, 283, 
 
 0292,0351, P4S2. . 
 
 ■•'I 
 
 Natica 
 
 uber, var. 292. ' • 
 
 uberina, O 185, 
 
 unifasciata, 37, 72, 193, 230, 
 
 261, P448. 
 unimaculata, 292. t,^ • 
 variolari3, 35. ",-._ 
 
 vitrinelloides, P 246, 
 virginea, 37, 193. 274. 
 zonaria, 24, 27, no, 231, 
 
 O336. 
 Naticina ^,, „ . 
 
 scopulosa, 367. r. 
 Nautilus 
 
 augustatus, 367. 
 
 zigzag, 367. .' 
 Navarchus 
 
 inermis, 95, 133. - ■ '• C 
 Navea , •:•,•; 
 
 subglobosa, 121. . . 
 
 Neaplysia 
 
 Californica, 133. 
 Neaera 
 
 costata, 207, 301. 
 
 didyma, 207, 301. 
 
 pectinata, 87, 88, 123. 
 Neptunea ) 
 CNeptunaea) ) 
 
 badia, 60. 
 
 castanea, 60. 
 
 harpa, 60. 
 
 Icelandica, 73. 
 
 incisa, 18. . ■ -• 
 
 terebrans, 73. 
 Nerita 
 
 Bernhardi, 24, 27, 108, 152, 194, 
 233, 237, 254, 274, 
 282, 322, 352, 364, 
 
 P257. 
 costata, O 274. 
 Deshayesii, 194, O 254, 274, 
 
 322, P 255, P 256. 
 elegariB, O 230. 
 falgurans, 61. 
 fmiieulata, 237, 254,0 322, 
 
 P257, P540. _ 
 
80 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Nerita 
 
 glaucina, P 448. 
 cuaruucaiia, P 448. 
 marocliieusis, O 261, P 448. 
 mullijugis, O 233, 236, 237, 
 
 O 254, P 255, P 536. 
 oruata, 48, 194, 179, O 237, 
 
 O 254, O 274, 322, P 255, 
 
 P 256, P 540. 
 papilionacea, O 170. 
 patula, 179. 
 praecogiiita, O 283. 
 scabricosta, 24, 27, 48, 62, 108, 
 
 152, 194, O 179,0 230, 233, 
 
 O 23s, 254, 274, P 255. 
 Bcabriubcula, O 192, 237, 
 
 282. 
 tessellata, O 364, P 257. 
 textilis, 170. 
 Neritina 
 
 alata, 176. 
 
 Californica, O 291, P 258. 
 cassiculum, O 4, 237, O 254, 
 
 O 27s, O 322, P 258, P 540. 
 faba, P 258. 
 Fontaineana, P 259. 
 globosa, 24, O 182, 322. 
 Guayaquilensis, 24, 194, 274, 
 
 O 322, P 259. 
 harpaeformis, O 230. 
 intermedia, 24, 194, 182, 
 
 274, 322. 
 
 far. 182. 
 
 latissima, O 182, 322. 
 liasiua, P 551. 
 
 Listeri, O 289, 291, 322. 
 Michaudi, 189, 291, O 322. 
 picta, 24, 27, O 4, O 160, 1 82, 
 
 O 192, O 233, 23s, 237, 
 
 O 241, O 254, 275, O 283, 
 
 O 322, O 352, 364, P 258, 
 
 P 259, P 540. 
 pulchra, O 188, 322. 
 pusilla, P 237. 
 tritoneusis, O 182. 
 virginea, O 364, P 258. 
 
 Netastoma ' y 
 (.Netastomella) / 
 
 Darwiuii, 15, 26, 91, 121, 123, 
 170, 250. 
 Neverita 
 
 Chemuitzii, P 449. 
 
 glauca, no, O 337. 
 
 belicoidtis, O 208. 
 
 patula, 24, 27, O 208, 337. 
 
 Reclusiana, 147, 151, 152, 153, 
 337, 349. 
 NIothia 
 
 geniinulosa, P 498. 
 Nitidella 
 
 cribraria, 25, 28, 53, iii, 180, 
 220, 262, 269, O 296, 
 O 341, 363, 365, 366, 
 P 487, P 493, U 208. 
 
 densiliueata, 105, 221, 
 
 gausapata, 92. 
 
 Gouldii, 21, 23, 53, 89, 149, 
 O 228, 341, O 349, U 208. 
 
 guttata, 363, 365. 
 
 millepuuctata, 105, 155, 220, 
 221. 
 
 pulcbrior, 270, 341. 
 Noetia 
 
 reversa, 24, 31, 154, 155, 200. 
 Northia 
 
 pristis, 25, 48, 155, 294, O 344. 
 
 serrata, 61, 179, O 344. 
 Novaculina 
 
 Caribbcea, 205. 
 Nucula 
 
 arctica, 175, 219, O 223. 
 
 castrensis, 14, 75, 91, 207, 
 219, 223, O 310. 
 
 caelata, 207, O 311, 349. 
 
 Cobboldiae, 91, O 207. 
 
 costellata, O 182. 
 
 crispa, 207, 311. 
 
 decisa, 75. 
 
 divaricata, 14, 75, 91, 165, 207, 
 O367. 
 
 Elenensis, 200, O 277. 
 
 excavata, 207, 311. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 81 
 
 Nucula 
 
 exigua, loo, 249, 277, 
 
 3", Pi45- 
 gibbosa, O 182, 
 -^-^^ var. 1 82. 
 impressa, O 367. 
 insiguis, 73. 
 Lyallii, 91. 
 Ijrata, O 207, 311. 
 mirabilis, 73, 91. 
 polita, 200, 182, 229, O 
 
 277- 
 pygmaea, 223. 
 
 Obeliscus 
 
 achates, 21, 24, 333, U 206. 
 
 Adamsii, i;}, 37. 
 
 bicolor, 296, 
 
 clavulu3, 21, 289, 2^3, 
 U206. 
 
 conicus, 193, 25 -, 333, P 
 409. 
 
 hastatns, 218. 
 
 variegatus, 99, 104, 144, 219. 
 Ocinebra 
 
 var. aspera, 149. 
 
 erinaceoides, 25. 
 
 interfossa, 89, 92, 114, 149, 
 
 lurida, 25, 90, 92, 114, 149. 
 
 var. munda, 149. 
 
 nux, P 484. 
 
 Poulsoni, 23, 149, 151, 316. 
 Octopus 
 
 inegalocyathus, iiS. 
 
 punctatus, 99, 118, 150. 
 Odostomia 
 
 achates, O 228, O 230, U 206. 
 
 sequisculpta, 219. 
 
 var. avellana, 144, 243. 
 
 canaliculata, P 411. 
 
 claviilus, O 228. 
 
 conoidea, O 228. 
 
 conoidalis, 243. 
 
 crebristriata, T 170. 
 
 delicatula, 219. 
 
 dolioliformis, 144. 
 6 
 
 OdoBtomia 
 
 geminulosa, P 415. 
 
 var. Gouldii, 144. 
 
 gravida, 23, 144, 22S, 230, 
 
 296, 333, 349, P 413. 
 
 U 207. 
 inflata, 23, 114, 144, 145, 285, 
 lamellata, O 259, O 333, P 
 
 411. 
 mamillata, 36, 259, O 259, O 
 
 334, P411, P412. 
 nuciformis, 114, 144, 243. 
 obeliscus, O 230. 
 satura, 114, 144, 243, 
 straminea, no, 145, 314, 
 sublirulata, 145, 259, 333, 
 
 P 410. 
 subsulcata, 259,0 333, P 411. 
 tenuis, 259, 334, P 412. 
 tenuisculpta, 114, 145, 243. 
 vallata, 259, 334, 364, 
 
 P 411, P 412. 
 Of''>ntidium 
 
 levissiinum, X 436. 
 rugulosum, X 415, X 425, X 
 
 426. 
 CEdalia 
 
 scintillseformis, 97. 
 subdiaphaua, 125, 302. 
 Oliva 
 
 aldinia, 63. 
 
 angulata, 9, 24, 35,62, 153, 177, 
 
 174, O 231, O 23S, 261, 
 
 268, O 292, P 463, P 464, 
 
 P 465, P 544. 
 anazora, 239, 292, P 545. 
 araneosa, 35, 63, 178, 261, 
 
 268, O 292, 364, P 466. 
 aureocincta, 35. 
 auricularia, 63. 
 azemula, 62, O 292. 
 baetica, var. 63. 
 biplicata, 8, 10, 25, 79, 208, 
 
 O 231,0 235,0 284,0 292, 
 
 o 352. 
 
 Brasiliensis, 63. ._,.• 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES, 
 
 Oliva 
 
 caldania, 62, 63. 
 
 Candida, 63. 
 
 columellai'is, 8. • ■ 
 
 cruenta, O 282. 
 
 Cumingii, 11, 28, 34, 63, 153, 
 
 191, 0292,0 339, P464. 
 dama, 63, O 292. 
 Desbayesiaua, 63. 
 Duclosi, 261, 339, 366, 
 
 P467. 
 eburnea, 231,0 234, 339. 
 erythrostoma, 62. 
 fimbriata, 63. 
 fusiformis, 63, 178. 
 gracilis, 226, P 461, 
 liiatula, 262, P 472. 
 ' inconspicua, 178, O 268, O 364, 
 
 P 470. 
 intertincta, 34, 261, 339, 
 
 P 465. 
 intorta, 234. 
 Julietta, 62, 154, 178, O 188, 
 
 O 23S, 339, P 466, P 544. 
 kaleoutina, 154, O 188. 
 Levariana, 6. 
 lineolata, 63, 178,0 177, 178, 
 
 O 292, P 471. 
 literata, 178. 
 mautichora, 62. 
 Maria, 62. 
 Melchersi, 28, 35, in, 178, 
 
 238, 261, O 339, 364, 
 
 p 464, p 465, P 466, p 544. 
 
 memnonia, 63. 
 mutica, 63. 
 neduliua, 63, O 292. 
 nivea, O 268. 
 obesina, 63, O 292. 
 onisca, 63, 
 oriola, 63. ,. - . 
 
 oryza, 364. 
 ; ozodona, 63, O 292. 
 v'* pantherina, 238. 
 .,' pellucida, 34, 35, 178, 268. 
 petiolita, 231, P 470. 
 
 Oliva 
 
 pindarina, 62, 63, 292. 
 
 plumbea, O 231. 
 
 polpastcr, II, OiSS, 0191,0339, 
 
 P464. 
 
 pouderosa, 62. 
 
 porphyria, 6, 24, 28, 48, iii, 
 152, 178,0 168,0 174,0 234, 
 238, 268, O 282, 339, 
 350, 352, P 463, P 544. 
 
 propatula, O 265, V 209. 
 
 purpurata, 63, O 262, P 471. 
 
 razomola, 62, 63. 
 
 reticularis, 62, 178, O 292, P 
 464, P 465, P 466, P 467. 
 
 var. 261, 268, P 466. 
 
 rutifasciata, 63, 231. 
 
 Schumacberiaua, P 467. 
 
 selasia, 62, 63. 
 
 seinistriata, 9, 178, O 268. 
 
 splendidula, 8, O 1S8, 234, 
 235, O 2S3, 297, 339, 
 
 o 351.0 352. 
 
 Steeriae, 63. 
 
 subangulata, 28, '34, in, 152, 
 
 P464, 
 tergiua, 234, 236, O 239, 
 
 292, P 469, P 537, P 544. 
 testacea, 178, 171, O 177, 
 
 231, O 23s, O 239, O 265, 
 
 268, 292, P 472, P 545, 
 
 "V 209. 
 testacea, var. 63. 
 tigrina, O 235. 
 timoria, 63, 292. 
 tisiphona, 63. 
 todosina, 62. 
 undatella, 10, 63, 178, 177, 
 
 239, 268, 292, P 467, 
 
 P545- 
 
 ustulata, 63. 
 
 venulata, 35, 63, 178, O 192, 
 238, 261, O 268, 292, 
 339, P 464, P 465, P 466, 
 
 P 467, P 544. 
 — — var, 268. 
 
INDEX OP SPECIES, 
 
 83 
 
 Oliva 
 
 volutella, 63, 178, 171, O 177, 
 
 O 178, 231,0 235,0 268. 
 zonalis, 171, O 177, 236, 
 
 P468, P47i,PS37. 
 Olivella 
 
 anazora, 23, 24, in, 147, O 262, 
 
 O 339, P 469. 
 aureocincta, 34, in. 
 baetica, 23, 27, 76, 100, 147. 
 biplicata, 13, 23, 27, 114, 147, 
 
 151.0339. 
 bullata, U 207. 
 columellaria, 178. 
 conoidalis, O 364, 
 dama, 34, in, 178,0 262,0 
 
 339. P47I- 
 eburnea, (< 352. 
 fulgida, 152. 
 glandinaria, 13, 147, 201, 
 
 O 339, V 227. 
 gracilis, 24, 28, 34, 155, 178. 
 inconspicua, 24, 34, in, 178, 
 
 O 262, O 340, P 470. 
 intorta, O 228, 339, 352, 
 
 U 207, 
 kaleontina, 340, 361. 
 lineolata, 192, 262, P 471. 
 mutica, P 470, P 472. 
 oryza, 17S, P 470. 
 pellucida, 178, 340. 
 petiolita, 23, 147, 364, P 469, 
 
 P470. 
 — — ^ var. aureocincta, 262, 
 
 O 339, O 364, P 470. 
 rufifasciata, 23, 147, O 339. 
 semistriata, 24, 100, 178, 340. 
 tergina, 24, 28, 147, 178, 262, 
 
 O 340, 352, 364, P 469. 
 nndatella, in, 178,0 262, 
 
 350, P 468. 
 volnlella, 24, 28, 178, 282, 
 
 O 340, P 469. 
 Zanneti, 24. 
 zonalis, 24, iii,0 262,0 339, 
 
 363, P 472. 
 
 Ommastrephes ->'-■■ >. 
 
 Ayrertii, 99, 150. ..i ■. 
 
 gigant«us, 99, 150. i • 
 
 Omphalius 
 
 ater, 13, 200, V 224. 
 
 aureotinctus, 25, 151, 200, 
 O 321,0349, O 351, V 224. 
 
 Brazilianus, P 234. 
 
 brunneus, O 321, 351. 
 
 Byronensis, P 234. 
 
 Californicus, 163, 233, 
 
 297, P 235- 
 coronulatus, 24, 27, 108, 191, 
 
 O 274. 
 cruciatus, P 234. ' . ■ 
 
 dentatus, 229. ,; -^ 
 
 euryomphalus, 321. % ■ 
 funebralis, 13. ' 
 
 fascescena, 27, 138, 151, 200, 
 
 O 233, 321, V 224, 
 globulus, 253, 321, P 236. 
 ligulatiis,24, 34, 138, 191,256,0 
 
 253, 321, P 234, P 23s, P 236. 
 maculosua, O 321. 
 margiuatus, 13, 200, 321, 
 
 V 224. 
 moestus, 321, 348. 
 Panamensis, 24, 192. 
 Pfeifferi, 21, O 217, 321, U204. 
 reticulatus, O 321. 
 rugosus, 27, O 321, 352. 
 • var. rufotinctus, O 253, 
 
 P233. 
 viridulns, 24, 36, 155, 192, 
 
 229, 253, 321, P 234, 
 
 P 235, P 236. 
 Onchidium 
 
 Carpenteri, 107, 159. 
 Oniscia 
 
 oni.«cns, 364. <- 
 
 tuberculata, O 282. 't-y'O 
 
 rar. O 287. 
 
 tuberculosa, 27, no, 188, 
 
 O 234, 270, 292, O 337, 
 
 O 350, 352, 360, 364. 
 xanthostoma, 337, 360. 
 
84 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Onychoteuthis 
 
 Bergii, O 218, 223, 345. 
 
 fusiform is, 99, 118, 119, 150. 
 
 Kamtschatica, O 218, 223. 
 Opalia 
 
 attenuata, 244. 
 
 australis, 244, 245. 
 
 bicarinata, 244. 
 
 borealis, 18, 99, 1 14, 146. 
 
 buUata, 23, 146, 287. 
 
 crassicostata, 244, 245. 
 
 crassilabrum, 244. 
 
 crenata, 105, 220, 244, 324. 
 
 creuatoides, 105, 220, 244, 
 
 324- 
 
 ( var.) insculpta, 25, 105, 
 
 146, 214, 322, 324. 
 
 diadema, 244. 
 
 funiculata, 37, 244. 
 
 McAndreae, 244. 
 
 Ochotensis, 114, 245. 
 
 retiporosa, 99, 146, 244. 
 
 spongiosa, 99, 146, 244. 
 Orbicula 
 
 Cumingii, 54, 205, O 280. 
 
 Evansii, 55, 287. 
 
 Norvegica, 55. 
 
 ostreoides, 55. 
 
 striata, 55. 
 
 strigata, 54- 
 Orthalicus 
 
 liven?, 59, O 251, P 176. 
 
 Mexicanus, 250, P 177. 
 
 princeps, P 177. 
 
 undatus, 158, 363, P 176. 
 
 zebra, 93, 158, O 170, O 363, 
 P 176. 
 
 Ziegleri, O 251, P 177. 
 Orthocera 
 
 glabra, X 436. 
 
 imperforata, X 425. 
 
 trachea, X 414, X 423. 
 Oscilla 
 
 exarata, 33, no, P 415. 
 
 terebellum, no. 
 
 ziziphina, 23t P 4'^. 
 
 OsilinuB 
 
 ater, 321, 34S, 351. 
 
 gallinus, 321, 
 
 v(ir. V 204. 
 
 Osteode&ma 
 
 bracteatura, 17, O 209, O 210. 
 
 Californicum, O 231. 
 
 corbuloides, 222. 
 
 diaphanum, 287, Q 228. 
 
 hyalinum, 119, 209, 210, 
 O 222. 
 
 nitidura, 17, 226, 22S, 
 U 199, Q 229. 
 Ostrea 
 
 aequatorialis, 191, 250, P 
 
 >57- 
 amara, 27, 38, 107, 152, 199. 
 
 bicolor, P 161. 
 
 borealis, 74. 
 
 Bourjjeoisii, ng. 
 
 Cana<lensis, P 160, P 550. 
 
 Columbieusis, 107, 132, O 186, 
 O 226, 250, O 277, 312, 
 P 161. 
 
 conchaphila, 38, 78, 132, 151, 
 152, 199, 198, O 233, 250, 
 277, O 2S2, O 312,0 351, 
 353, O 365, P 159, P 161, 
 P 163, P 352, P 482, V 220. 
 
 Cumingiana, 250, 312, 
 
 352, P 163. 
 edulis, 85, 132, 198, P 159, P 
 
 161. 
 frar. expansa, loi, 132, 306. 
 frous, 6. 
 gallu3, 14. 
 Heermanui, 76. 
 iridescens, 107, 117, 198, 273, 
 
 274, O 162, 226, 250, 
 
 O 312,0 365, P 157, P 162, 
 
 P 164. 
 var, laticaudata, loi, 132, 305. 
 loiigiro^trls, P 160. 
 lurida, 85, 92, loi, 132, 305. 
 
 var. 76. ' /" " 
 
 margaritacea, 250. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 85 
 
 Ostrea 
 
 ni«*goflon, i+, 154. 
 
 palmula, 24, 132, 199, O 233, 
 
 O 250, O 282, 312, P 163, 
 
 P550. 
 Panaiiiensis, 198. 
 Paiizana, 81 • 
 periia, P 150. 
 plumula, O 351, 353. 
 prismatica, P 157. 
 Puelchana, P 157. 
 rufa, 38, 132, 198, 306, 226, 
 
 O 250, P 157, P 159. 
 var. rufoi(ies, 78, loi, 132, 306. 
 spathiilata, O 365, P 157. 
 suhfalcata, 76. 
 subjecta, 81. 
 Titan, 80. 
 vespertina, 76. 
 Virginica, 38, 78, 107, 132, 152, 
 
 306, 226, 250, O 277, 
 
 312, 363, P 159, P 160. 
 Ovulum I 
 (Ovula) ) 
 
 aciculare, P 370, 
 sequale, 1S2, O 188. 
 avena, 35, 176, 182, O 267.' 
 Californicnm, 230, O 233, 
 
 358, P 370. 
 
 deflexum, 239, P 545. 
 emarginatum, 176, 239, 267, 
 
 P545- 
 gibbo.-um, 297, 328, O 363. 
 inflexuin, O 182. 
 neglectum, 35, 267. 
 patulum, P 375. 
 secale, 226. 
 simile, O 226. 
 
 subrostratum, O 364, P 370. 
 uniplicatuin, P 370. 
 variabile, 176, 226, O 230, 
 
 O 233, 267, 364, P 370. 
 var. 267. 
 
 PachychiluB 
 
 corvinus, 45. 
 
 Pacbydesma 
 
 craii^atelloides, 25, 26, 81, 114, 
 126, 151. 
 
 Inezana, 81. 
 Pacbypoma 
 
 gibberosam, I13, I37, 239. 
 
 inn'quale, 137. 
 Pallium 
 
 Estrellanum, 80, 81. 
 Paladina 
 
 baltliica, O 220. 
 
 carinata, 170. 
 
 Hindsii, 162. 
 
 Kikxii, 222. 
 
 nmriatica, O 220. 
 
 nuclea, 162, O 207, 297. 
 
 Nuttalliaua, 162. 
 
 octona, 220. 
 
 pusilla, 220. 
 
 seminalis, 90, 120, 162, 211, 
 206. 
 
 stagnalis, 220. 
 
 , rar. 220. 
 
 tentaculata, O 222. 
 
 thermalis, 220. 
 
 nlva, 220, 
 
 virens, 162. 
 Paludinella 
 
 aculeus, O 215, 220, O 223. 
 
 castanea, 241, O 215. 
 
 cingulata, O 215, O 220, O 223. 
 
 stagnalis, 215, 220, O 223, 
 O 257, P 361. 
 Pandora 
 
 arcuata, 22S. 
 
 bilirata, 80, 124, 232. 
 
 brevifrons, 231, O 185, 301, 
 
 Ceylaiiica, 229. 
 
 cistula, 231. 
 
 claviculata, 124, 204, 225, 
 287, 301, Q 22S. 
 
 cormita, 39, 204, 227, O 280, 
 301. 
 
 Cumingii, 229. 
 
 delicatnla, 229, 230.- 
 
 depressa, 227. ., _ . 
 
86 
 
 INDKX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Pandora 
 
 di:icur8, 22S- 
 
 flexaosa, 230. 
 
 intpquali:!, 230. 
 
 Indica, 229. 
 
 n&sata, 226. 
 
 obloDga, 231. 
 
 obtnaa, 229, 230, 231. 
 
 panctata, 1 2, 226, 194, 301, 
 O 349, Q 228, V 211. 
 
 radiata, 231. 
 
 rostrata, 230, 231. 
 
 striata, 232. 
 
 triliueata, 226. 
 
 nnguiculus, 230. 
 
 Wardiana, 230, 231. 
 Pandorina 
 
 areuosa, O 222. 
 
 flabellata, 73. 
 Panopaea 
 
 abrupta, O 3G7. 
 
 Aldrovandi, 209. 
 
 Faajasii, 123. 
 
 fragilis, 73. 
 
 generosa, 73, 82, 209, 213, 
 300, O 348, 
 
 Norvegica, 222, 223. 
 
 reflexa, 82. 
 
 var. aagrinata, 73. 
 Parapholas 
 
 acuminata, 29, 194, 244, 
 265, O 299, 366, P 12, 
 
 V 209. 
 
 bisalcata, 61, 121, O 265, V 
 
 209. 
 branchiata, 366. 
 Californica, 26, 119, 121, 123, 
 
 194, O 299, 349, 351, 
 
 V 209, V 210. 
 
 calva, 26, 29, 61, 244, 299, 
 
 P9. 
 Jaiielli, 123. 
 
 penita, 1 1, 251, 194, V 210. 
 Parthenia 
 
 armata, 259, 334, 364, 
 
 P4I3- 
 
 Parthenia 
 
 exarata, 33, 36, 190, 259, 
 
 O334, P415, P4»6. 
 gemmulosa, U 364. 
 lacunata, O 334, P 414. 
 quiiiqueciucta, 3}, 36, 189, 190, 
 
 ^' 259, O 334, P 414, 
 icalariformis, 259, 334, 
 
 P368, P 413, P 414, P 434. 
 ziziphina, O 259, 334, P 416. 
 Patella 
 
 aculeata, P 268. 
 
 erugiiiosa, 19, 215, 224, 
 
 P 203. 
 ancjioides, 19. 
 antiquata, P 297, R 3. 
 Asmi, 19, 215, 223. 
 Araucana, P 200. 
 auriculata, P 287, P 290, T 168. 
 australis, P 299, R 3. 
 Barbadensia, P 215. 
 cwoa, 19, O 215, 219, 223. 
 var. concentrica, 19. 
 caljptra, 3, 98. 
 Candida, 71,0 219, 
 cassis, O 215. 
 , cerea, 219, 
 
 cinis, 48, O 173, 290, P 207, 
 
 V 221. 
 
 clypeaster, 48, 172, 290, 
 
 P 20S. 
 conica, 209. 
 
 corrugata, O 252, 291, P 200. 
 crepidula, O 255, P 284. 
 Cumingii, O 173, 290, P 203, 
 
 P 208, V 221. 
 deaurata, O 173, 215, 348. 
 diaphana, O 173, O 187, 199, 
 
 208, 239, 252, P 203, 
 
 V 221. 
 digitalis. O 223. 
 
 discors, o, 108, 233, 252, 
 282, O 291, P 200, P 201, 
 P 206, P 210. 
 
 exarata, 9, O 173, O 290. 
 
 fenpstrata, O 173, O 198, 291, 
 P 207, V 221. 
 
INDSX f>F SPEClEa 
 
 8T 
 
 Patella 
 
 fiuibriata, O 209. 
 floccata, I' 203. 
 fornicata, P 268. 
 
 V'ir. P 268. 
 
 Gorfensis, O 255, 363, P 284. 
 grata, 72. 
 iiicessa, O 206. 
 inatabilis, O 209. 
 I.Tvigata, O 199. 
 liuiatuia, 49. 
 livesct'iis, 48, 291. 
 leucopliaea, 173, O 199,0 291, 
 
 P 203, V 221. 
 Magellanica, 91. 
 mamillata, 13, 49, O 173,0 198, 
 . O 291, P 207, V 221. 
 maxima, O 192, O 252, P 199. 
 Mazatlamlica, 9, O 173, 178. 
 Mexicana, 24, 27, O 175, 190, 
 
 233, O 239, 241, O 252, 
 
 318, P 199, P 200, P 201, 
 
 P 210, P 546. 
 militaris, P 300. 
 mitriila, P 297. 
 
 monticola, 173, 198, V 221. 
 monticolor, 173, O 198, V 
 
 221. 
 navicula, 252, O 291, P 210. 
 nivea, P 297, R 3. 
 Nuttalliana, 49, 173, 291, 
 
 P 208. 
 opea. P 206. 
 Oregona, O 174, O 199, 291, 
 
 P 209, Q 223, V 222. 
 palliJa, 72. 
 
 patina, O 215, 219, 223. 
 pecten, 3. 
 pediculus, 108, O 224, 252, 
 
 291, 318, P 200, P 201, 
 
 P535. 
 pelta, O 219, 223. 
 perforata, P 215, 
 persona, 215, O 223. 
 persoiioides, 215, 223, P 
 
 203- 
 
 Patella 
 
 jH-iiza, 10, 3, 179, P 287, 
 
 P 290. 
 pil^ata, O 174, 199, P 209, 
 
 V222. 
 pileolus, 19, O 215, O 223. 
 plicata. 35. 
 plumlifa, 29. 
 poculuni, O 179. 
 porpliyrozonias, P 215. 
 rosea, P 215. 
 scahra, 16, 49, O 199, 209, 
 
 O 252, O 291, P 203, V 222. 
 scnrra, O 172, 173,0 215, 
 
 O 224, V 222. 
 scutellata, O 3, P 287. 
 spei-trum, 16, O 199, 209, 
 
 () 291, P 209, V 222. 
 stipulata. 48, O 187, O 318. 
 striata, O 187, O 252, P 203, 
 
 P 208. 
 strigilJata, O 373, 198, V 
 
 221. 
 talcosa, 9. 
 tessellata, 173, 199, P 207, 
 
 V 221. 
 textilis, 16, 209. 
 toreuma, 48, 288, 290, 
 
 291, Q 233. 
 ?— — — var. tenuilirata, 288, 
 
 Q233. 
 trauioserica, 3. 
 trochiformis, P 264. 
 troclioides, P 265. 
 umbonata, O 174, O 199, 291, 
 
 P 209, V 222. 
 venosa, O 163, 290. 
 verriculata, O 173, 291, P 
 
 203, P 207, V 221. 
 vespertina, 48, 290, P 203. 
 vulgata, 37, 198. 
 zehrina, var. P 200. 
 Patelloida 
 
 depicta, O 206, U 204. 
 
 punctata, O 215. 
 
 striata, P 203. '^ * ^ 
 
 26 
 
88 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Patula 
 
 Cooperi, 157. 
 Mazatlauica, 157. 
 sportella, 157. 
 strigosa, 157. 
 Pecten 
 
 adspersus, 236, P 538. 
 (?tar.) aeqnisalcatns, 22, 26,78, 
 
 85. 131, 15s, 170, 280. 
 altiplicatns, 81. 
 aspersus, 199, O 277 
 catilliformis, 77. 
 caurinus, 73. 85, 131,0 311,0 
 
 348. 
 circularis, 40, 45, 76, . 107, 
 
 250, 285, 290, O 352, P 
 
 152- 
 dentatus, O 233, 0311,0 352. 
 deserti, 76, 81. 
 DieflFenbachii, 73. 
 digitatus, 207. 
 discus, 81. 
 excavatus, 14. 
 Fabricii, 60, O 211, O 218. 
 fasciculatus, 207, O 311. 
 floridus, 25, 322,0 207,0 311, 
 
 O351. 
 hastatus, 14, 18,22, 81, 92, 131. 
 hericeus, 18, 92, 131, 212, 
 
 0311,0348. 
 Hindsii, 60, 92. 
 inca, 199, O 277,0 311 
 intermedia, 80, 107. 
 irradians, 281. 
 Islandicus, 4, 20, 60, 70, 92, 
 
 131, O 218, O223. 
 Jeffersonius, 81. 
 iffitus, 73. 
 laqueatus, O 288. 
 latiauritus 22, 45, 60, 131, O 
 
 198, O 229, 233, 234, 
 
 311, O 349, 351, V 219. 
 Madisonius, 77. 
 juagniflcus, O 185, 311, 
 
 359, ■ • .. - , 
 
 magnolia, 8t. > 
 
 Pecten 
 
 Meekii, 81. 
 
 niesotiraeris, 45. 
 
 monutimeris, 26, 78, 131, 151, 
 
 O 198, 229, 233, 234, 
 
 V 219. 
 Nevadanus, 77. 
 nodosus, O 233, 234, 311, 
 
 O352. 
 nucleus, rar. O 290. 
 Pabloeusis, 80. 
 
 paucicostatns, 22, 100, 131,281. 
 Pealii, 218. 
 pomatia, 14. 
 propatulns, 165, 367. 
 purpuratus, 102, 233, O 284, 
 
 35>- 
 pyxidatus, 153. 
 rastellinus, 14. 
 rubidu!<, 4, 20, 92, 131, 207, 
 
 O 218, 223, 311. 
 senatorius, 40, 73, O 282. 
 sericeus, O 207, O 311. 
 (?r<jr.) squarrosus, 22, 281. 
 subcrenatus, 153. 
 subnodosus, 24, 27, 107, 151, 
 
 O 1S5, O311. 
 Townsendi, 18, 213, 311, 
 
 O348. 
 Tumbezensis, 199, 277, 31 1. 
 tumidus, 35, 78, 85, O 1S5, 
 
 187, 277, O 290. 
 tunica, 60, 131. 
 varius, 222, P 532. 
 ventricosus, 14, 24, 27, 40, 45, 
 
 54, 78,85, 107, 131, 151, 152, 
 
 170, 199, 280, 281, O 187, 
 
 O 233, O 234, 277, 282, 
 
 O 290, 311. 
 —^—— var. 22. 
 Yessoensis, 70, 74. 
 Pectunculus 
 
 assimilis, 200, 1S2, 229, 
 
 233, O 249, 277, P 144. 
 bioolor, 285, 290, O 310. 
 Californicus, 192. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 B^ 
 
 Pectunculus 
 
 corbis, 4. 
 
 giganteus, 27, 208, 233, 
 O 2S5, O 2S9, 310, 352, 
 
 inaequalis, 10, 24, 200, 178, 
 O 182, O 249, 2S5, 2S9, 
 O 290, 310, 366, P 144. 
 
 maculatus, 24, 200, 208, O 
 277, 310. 
 
 multicostatus, 249, 310, 
 O 366, P 144. 
 
 nitens, 165, 367, 
 
 parcipictus, 24, 229, 310. 
 
 patulus, 165, O 367. 
 
 pectenoides, 24, 208, 265, 
 O310. 
 
 pectinlformis, O 249, P 144. 
 
 septentrionalis, 219, 223. 
 
 tessellatus, O 229. 
 Pedicularia 
 
 Californica, 119, 149. 
 
 decussata, 119. 
 
 elegantissima, 119. 
 
 Sicula, 119. 
 Pedipes 
 
 angulatus, 275, O 316. 
 
 liratus, 98, 116, 133, 159. 
 Penitella 
 
 Conradi, 14, 121, 203. 
 
 ovoidea, 76. 
 
 penita, 76, 121. 
 
 spelsea, 76. 
 
 tubigera, 15, 203. 
 
 Wilsonii, 121, 194, O 265, V 
 209. 
 
 xviophaga, 15, 203. 
 Perdicea 
 
 nodosa, 48. 
 Periploma 
 
 alta, O 2S0, 301. 
 
 argentaria, So, 124, 194, 301, 
 351, Q 229, V 211, 
 
 excurva, Q 229. 
 
 excarvata, O 287, 301. 
 
 Leana, 231, 297,0 301, Q229. 
 
 obtasa, 62. 
 
 Periploma 
 
 papyracea, O 287, O 301, Q 
 
 229. 
 planiuscula, O 194, 231, O 
 301,0352, V211. 
 Pema 
 
 anomioides, 52, 
 
 Californica, 52, 193, 198, 
 
 O 234, V 219. 
 Cheinnitziana, 233, 277, 
 
 P 150. 
 costellata, 52, 198, P 152, 
 
 V 219. 
 flexuosa, 20S, 233, O 249, 
 
 P 150. 
 incisa, V 219. 
 masillata, 82. 
 moutana, 82. 
 quadrata, 60. 
 radiata, P 150. 
 Per onaeo derma 
 
 ochracea, 104, 210. 
 punicea, i'02. 
 PeronaeuB 
 
 arternisia, 158. 
 Persicula 
 
 clandestina, P 462. 
 fruuientum, iii. 
 imbricata, 24, iii, 112. 
 interrnpta, iii. 
 phrygia, in, 112. 
 minor, P 461. 
 sagittata, in. 
 Persona 
 
 constricta, 24, O 231. 
 ridens, 24, O 338. 
 Petaloconchus 
 
 cereiis, W 316, W317. 
 cochlidium, W 314, W 315, W 
 
 317- 
 flavescens, W 314, W 317. 
 macrophragma, 24, 43, 108, 114, 
 
 140, 239, 200, 255, O 323, 
 
 O 351, 353, 364, P 306, 
 
 P 309, V 226, W313, W314, 
 
 W317. 
 
90 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Petaloconchus 
 
 neiiiiseoidfs, W 316, W 317, 
 
 X 4^''>, X 431. 
 octosectus, W 317. 
 reniseutus, W 315, W 317. 
 ? , var. Woodwardii, W 
 
 316. 
 yarians, 364, W 315, W 316, 
 
 W 317. 
 
 Petricola 
 
 amygdalina, O 184, O 299, 
 
 359- 
 arcuata, 12, 14, 45, 120, 127, 
 
 196, O 203, 229, V 214. 
 
 var. O 203. 
 
 bulbosa, O 226, 232, O 244, 
 
 P 547, U 198. 
 Califoriiica, 12, 45, 120, 127, 
 
 196, 229, O 299, O 349, 
 
 O351, V 214. 
 carditoiiles, 12, 14, 20, 22, 26, 
 
 76, 78, 88, 120, 127, O 196, 
 
 O 229, 284, V 214. 
 cognata, 38, 203, 279, O 299, 
 
 0363- 
 Cordieri, 196, 203, 229, 
 
 V 214. 
 cjlindracea, 12, 14, 20, 78, 120, 
 
 127, 196, 203, O 219, 
 
 224, O 229, 284, V 214. 
 dactylu.s, O 232, 299, O 352. 
 denticulata, O 244, 297. 
 gibba, 20, 127, 196, O 219, 
 
 O 223, O 299. 
 lamellifera, var, 229. 
 iniral)ilis, O 281. 
 pholadiforruis, 279. 
 var. 23, 38, 203, 299, 
 
 robusta, 15, 29, 106, O 1S4, 
 
 226, 232, 234, 244, 
 
 O 265, O 295, 299, O 352, 
 
 364,0 365, P 17, P 547, 
 U 198, V 209. 
 
 rubra, P 108. 
 
 Petricola 
 
 Biuuosa, 226, 244, 265, 
 
 P 547, V 209. 
 Bubglobosa, 45. 
 suburbiLiilaris, P 105. 
 tenuis, 38, 203. 
 veutricosa, 154, 244, 299,? 
 
 19. 
 Fhasianella 
 
 compta, 54, 79, 97, 137, 228, 
 
 282, O 230, O 253, 283, O 
 
 284,0 320, 351, P 225, u 
 
 204. 
 (? var.) elatior, 23, 137, 
 
 282. 
 
 (?- 
 
 var.) puUoides, 23, 
 
 137, 282. 
 (? var. punctulata, 23 
 
 137,281. 
 fas^ciata, P 226. 
 fulminata, P 226. 
 minuta, P 224. 
 perforata, 24, 54, 155, O 253, 
 
 O 295, O 320, O 364, U 204. 
 ? , var. striulata, O 253, 
 
 P 225. 
 pnllns, 282, P 226. 
 striulata, 214. 
 te.-^seilata, P 224. 
 uudatella, P 226, 
 zebrina, P 225. 
 Phidiana 
 
 iodiiiea, 94, 95. 
 Pholadidea 
 
 clausa, O 366. 
 
 coiicanierata,. 123. 
 
 cornt-a, 121, 
 
 curta, 244, O 299, P 9. 
 
 melanura, 121, O 194, 244, 
 
 O 265, 299, O 366, V 209. 
 ovoidea, 14, 22, 26, 123, 226, 
 
 299, 351, U 198. 
 penita, 22, 50, 87, 123, 251, 
 
 299, O349, 0351. 
 tubifera, 205, 299. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 91 
 
 Fholadopsis 
 
 pectiuata, 121, 265, V 209. 
 Fholas 
 
 atuuiiiiata, O 1S4. 
 
 Calitorniea, 121, O 194, O 202, 
 
 231, O 234, V 209. 
 Califoruieusis, O 174. 
 calva, 184. 
 Candeana, 121. 
 coDcauierata, 87, 121, O 194, 
 
 202, 211, O 228, V 210. 
 cornea, 1S4, O 229. 
 crucifera, O 280. 
 crucigera, 23, 205, O 184, O 280, 
 
 O 299. 
 curta, 1S4, O 191. 
 dactjlus, 205. 
 Darwiuii, 251. 
 
 Jauellii, 121, 194, 202, V 209. 
 laiiceolata, 23, 280. 
 latjuuata, 39, O 280. 
 vur. uana, O 184. 
 oblongata, 121. 
 ovoidea, 226, 231, O 234, 
 
 U 198. 
 penita, 87, 121, 194, O 202, 
 
 211, O 231, V 210. 
 retifera, 121. 
 rostratra, 15, O 203. 
 truncata, 121. 
 tubifera, 205, O 280. 
 xylophaga, 205, 280, O 299. 
 Fhorcus 
 
 Calil'ornicus, O 253, 286, P 235 
 euryoiuphalus, 139. 
 liratus, P 235. 
 maculosns, 139. 
 marcidus, 139. 
 Pananieiisis, O 295. 
 pulligo, 19, 21, 139. 
 umbilicaris, P 235. 
 variegatus, O 253, P 234. 
 Phos 
 
 articulatus, 206, 343. 
 biplicatiis, 284, O 343, S 166, 
 crassus, 206, O 26S, 343, 
 
 Phos 
 
 gaudeus, 25, 206, 342. 
 
 seuticosus, 206. 
 
 tunitus, O 186, O 343, 
 
 Veiagueusis, 206, 342. 
 Phrontis 
 
 x.iiithostoma, P 495. 
 Phylliroe 
 
 Lichten.-iteinii, 173. 
 Phyllonotus 
 
 bicolor, 28, 112, 153, 264, 
 
 ^> 345, P 524- 
 brassica. 28, 155, O 264, 345, 
 
 P523- 
 iniperialirf, 345. 
 nigritus, 28, 152, 153, 182,0264, 
 
 345. P 521. 
 nitidus, O 264, 345, P 523. 
 oxyaeanthus, 345. 
 princepa, 28, 112, O 264, O 345, 
 
 P 525- 
 radix, 182, 345 
 regius, 1S2, 264, O 345, P 524, 
 
 P525. 
 Physa 
 
 aiupullacea, 160. 
 
 aurautia, 27,0237,0251,0316, 
 
 O364. 
 a'Tea, 160, 
 
 bullata, 85, 160, O 283, 316. 
 Charpentieri, 160. 
 coucolor, 161. 
 costata, 118, 1 6n. 
 cylindriea, 160. 
 data, 27, 227, O 296, 316, 
 
 364, P 180, U 203, V 220. 
 elliptica, 160. 
 elongata, 85, i6i. 
 elongatina, 161. 
 fontinalis, O 222. 
 foutana, i6o. 
 Gabbii, 160. 
 glabra, 160. 
 gyrina, 160. 
 heterostropba, 85, 93, 116, 120, 
 
 160. 
 
92 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Physa 
 
 Hildrethiana, i6o. 
 
 humerosa, 79, 90, 160, O 283, 
 
 O316. 
 hypnorum, 116, 222. 
 iuflata, 160. 
 Lordi, 90, 93, 160. 
 Maugerse, 61, 162, 364. 
 osculans 160, O 265. 
 Peruviana, O 237, 251, P 179, 
 
 P 180, P 540. 
 Phillipii, 160. 
 
 planorbula, 161. 
 
 plicata, 160. 
 
 purpurostoma, 44. 
 
 Sowerbyana, 44. 
 
 striata, 160. 
 
 subarata, 160. 
 
 triticea, 120, 161. 
 
 virgata, 160, O 283,0 316. 
 
 virginea, 160, O 209, O 213, 
 O316. 
 
 Pila 
 
 nniltijngis, P 255. 
 
 ornata, P 255. 
 
 scabricosta, P 255. 
 Pileopsis 
 
 autiquata, P 297. 
 
 mitrula, 255, P 297, R 3- 
 
 pilosa, 275. 
 
 subrufa, R 4. 
 Pilidium 
 
 commodum, O 216, O 220, 
 O233. 
 Pinna 
 
 lanceolata, 107, 208, 249, 
 
 311, P 147- 
 maiira, 24, 38, 107, 199, O 185, 
 
 249, 277,0311, P 146. 
 nigra, 43- 
 
 rudis 241,0 282,0 296. 
 rugosa, 27, 107, 185, 249, 
 
 O 311. P 147- 
 tuberculosa, 24, 38, 199, 185, 
 0277. 
 
 Pirena 
 
 Californica, 200, 209,0 230, 
 U 206, V 226. 
 Pisania 
 
 sequilirata, O 263, 344. 
 artiuulata, O 226. 
 cinis, O 344, O 361. 
 D'Orbiguyi, 180, 
 elata, 105, 221. 
 elegans, O 288. 
 fortis, 25, 322, 324. 
 gemmata, 25, 29, 196, O 204, 
 O 236, 263, 344, 364, 
 
 PSiS- 
 haemastoma, 231. 
 
 insignis, 25, 28, 179, 324, 325, 
 
 204, o 263, p 514, P 515, 
 
 P516. 
 lugubris, 112, 344. 
 mutabilis, P 514. 
 nigrocostata, 344. 
 pagodus, 25, 179, O 344, P 552. 
 
 (? rar.) sequilirata, P SiS^ 
 
 Panamensis, O 344. 
 
 pastinaca, O 344. 
 
 pusio, O 226. 
 
 ringens, 25, 179, 263, 283, 
 
 0296,0344,0 363, P 5 '8- 
 sanguinolenta, 25, 28, 112, 155, 
 179, O 177, O 204, 263, 
 
 o 344, P 517, P 518. 
 
 Stimpsoniana, 344. 
 tincta, 363. 
 Pisidium 
 
 abditum, 165. 
 amplum, 165. 
 Kurtzii, 165. 
 notatum, 165. 
 obliquuni, 222. 
 obscurum, 165. 
 oecidentale, Ii8, 165. 
 plenum, 165. 
 regulare, 165. 
 resartum, 165. 
 retusum, 165. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 93 
 
 Pisidium 
 
 zoiiatum, 165. 
 Placipbora, ride Flazipbora. 
 Placiphorella, vide Mopalia. 
 Placunanomia ) 
 Placunomia ' 
 
 alope, II, 132, 192, 286, 
 
 O 312, 348. 
 Broderipii, O 286. 
 cepio, II, 92, 132, 192, 286, 
 
 O 312, 348. 
 claviculata, 250, 312, P 166. 
 Cumingii, 47, O iSo, O 312. 
 echinata, 50, O 250, P 166. 
 foliacea, 363. 
 foliata, 50, O 250, 2S2, 312, 
 
 P 166, P 167. 
 macroschisma, 11, 26, 50, 72, 76, 
 85, 92, 132, 169, 203, O 218, 
 O 223, 234, 286, 312, 
 
 O347. 
 patelliformis, 218, O 223, 
 
 O 312. 
 pectinata, 250, P 166. 
 pernoides, O 161, 250, 312, 
 
 O 365, P 164. 
 Flanazis 
 
 acutus, 237, 240, 257, 
 
 P 364, P 541. 
 canaliculatus, O 268. 
 latico.*tatus, 178. 
 uigritella, 24, 100, 109, O 164, 
 
 O 237, 240, 257, 328, 
 
 P364. 
 — — — var., O 237. 
 obsoletus, O 237, 240, O 257, 
 
 P 364, P 541. 
 planicostatus, 10, 24, 109, 178, 
 
 328, 174, 230, O 23s, 
 
 O 268, 360. 
 sulcatus, 230. 
 Flanorbis 
 
 affinis, 364, F 181. 
 
 albns, 222. 
 
 ammon, 40, 79, 120, 1 61, 283, 
 
 O316. 
 
 Planorbis 
 
 cariuatus, P 252. ""■■ 
 
 couiplanatus, 222. 
 coutortus, 222. ' • - 
 corneus, 222. 
 corpulentus, 18, 44, 85, 93, 161, 
 
 O 210, 316. 
 deflectus, O 211. 
 Duenasianus, 44. 
 exacutus, 211. 
 var. fallax, i6i. 
 gracileiitus, 40, O 283, 316. 
 Haldemanui, 40. 
 leutus, 161. 
 leucostoma, 222. 
 Liebmanni, 40. 
 macrostoma, 161. 
 luegastoma, 161. 
 Newberryi, 120. 
 opercularis, 85, 161, 209, 
 
 O211, O 316. 
 Panamensis, O 186, 316. 
 parvus, 116. 
 planulatus, 85, 161. 
 regularis, 161. 
 subcrenatns, 93, 161, 198, 
 
 316, V 220. 
 tenagophilus, 161, O 237, 6 251, 
 
 P 181, P 540. 
 Traskei, 40, 120, 161. 
 trivolvis, 85, 116, 120, 161, 
 
 V 221. 
 tuiuens, 44, 161, O 237, 251, 
 
 316, 364, P 181. 
 tumidus, 44. 
 vermicularis, 161, O 209, 211, 
 
 O316. 
 vermiculatus, 213. 
 vortex, O 222. 
 Wyldi, 44. 
 Platyodon 
 
 cancellatus, 11, 26, 87, 123, 
 
 O 194, 231, O 234, 300, 
 
 O 349, O 351, V 210. 
 PlatysemuB 
 
 Wossuessenskii, 92. 
 
94 
 
 INDEX UF SPECIES. 
 
 Plaxiphora ) 
 Placiphora ) 
 
 leiusa, O 318. 
 Flectodon 
 
 scaber, 97, 1 24. 
 Pleuropus 
 
 pellucidus, O 173, 
 Pleurophyllidia 
 
 Califoruica, 94, 133. 
 
 liiieata, 94. 
 Pleurotoma 
 
 arcuatu, O 207, 20S. 
 
 aterriuia, 183, O 1S3, O 271, 
 
 P393- 
 
 tar. Melchersi, O 271. 
 
 atrior, 36, 183, 25S, 271, 
 
 P 39i, P 394- 
 bicanalifera, 1S3, 1S3, 271, 
 bicolor, 183. 
 bituberculifera, 330. 
 Bottae, O 191, O 23S, 258, 
 
 O 271, O 294, P 392. 
 cedo-iiuUi, O 185, O 330. 
 cincta, 1S7, 258, 272, 
 
 P 295. 
 clavulus, O 1S3, 330. 
 collaris, 183, 271. 
 concir.na, 183, 271, S 162. 
 cornuta, O 271. 
 corrugata 183, 183, 271. 
 discors, 36, 183, 258, O 271, 
 
 P 393. P 394. 
 duplicata, 184, O 183, 271. 
 exceutrica, 1S4, 1S3, O 271, 
 
 P 393. 
 
 exigua, 184, 271. 
 
 funiculata, 24, 27, 109, 184, 
 O 208, 226, 238, O 258, 
 O 271, 282, 294, 330, 
 
 P 390, P 391, P 544. 
 gemmata, O 205, 330. 
 gemmulosa, 184, 271. 
 gracillima, O 284, 330, S 163, 
 
 S 164. 
 grandimaculata, 184, 271. 
 granulosa, O 1S3. 
 
 Pleurotoma 
 
 hexagoua, I S3. 
 
 inciassata, 184, O 183, 23S, 
 
 O 271, O 294, P 392, P 544. 
 iiieriuid, O 205. 
 luctuosa, P 397. 
 maculata, P 391. 
 maculosa, 27, O 235, O 23S, 
 
 O 258, O 330, P 391. 
 inaura,0 191,0 25S, O294, P 293. 
 militaris, O 20S. 
 Melchersi, O 23S, 294, P 393, 
 
 P544. 
 modesta, 1S7. 
 nigeriiina, 1S4, 1S3, O 271. 
 nitida, 183. 
 Dobilis, 205. 
 obeliscus, 1S4, O 271. 
 Ocoyana, 77. 
 olivacea, 184, 20S, O 271, 
 
 o 330, P 390. 
 
 far., 258, P 390. 
 
 oxytiopis, O 1S3, O 330. 
 pallida, 184, 271. 
 picta, O 207, O 208, O 330. 
 pudica, 330. 
 rava, P 399. 
 rigida, 184, O 271. 
 rudis, 184,0 272, P393. 
 rugifera, 183. 
 
 rustica, 36, 1S4, 272, P 393. 
 Schantarica, O 217,0 220, 223. 
 simplex, 217, O 220, O 223. 
 splendidula, 183. 
 striosa, 184, O 272. 
 stromboides, 208. 
 thiarella, O 272. 
 transmontana, 77. 
 triticea, 59. 
 
 tuberculifera, 6, O 176, 330. 
 turricula, 271. 
 unicolor, 183. 
 unimaoulata, 183, O 330. 
 variculosa, 183. 
 Pllcatula 
 
 dubia, var., 250^ P 155. 
 
INDEX OP SPECIES. 
 
 95 
 
 Plicatula 
 
 peiiieillata, 38, 107, 199, 250, 
 O312, P 155. 
 Polinices 
 
 bifasuiata, 27, no, 152, 153. 
 
 vur. fiisca, 9, iio. 
 
 Gallapagosa, 282, O 284. 
 
 intetnerata, 337. 
 
 lactea, O 364. 
 
 Otis, 24, 27, no, 282. 
 
 ovum, O 2S4. 
 
 Panamensis, 337. 
 
 perspicua, 102, O 337. 
 
 Recluziana, 27, 153. 
 
 Salangonensis, 27, 193, 337. 
 
 uber, 24, 37, no, 193, 261, 
 O 282, O 337, 364, P 452. 
 
 uniniaculata, 337. 
 
 virgiiiea, O 337. 
 Pollia 
 
 distorta, 26S. 
 
 lireraastoma, 177,0 191, 236, 
 263, O 269, P 517. 
 
 insignis, 29. 
 
 seabra, 20. 
 Polydonta 
 
 deiitata, 321. 
 Polygyra 
 
 acut«ilentata, 157. 
 
 contortuplicata, 294. 
 
 polygyrella, 157. 
 
 veiitrosula, 157. 
 Polyplex 
 
 gracilis, 6. 
 Polytropa 
 
 11 ux, P 484. 
 Fomatiopsis 
 
 Bimieyi, 163. 
 Fomaulaz 
 
 uniiobus, 23, 27, 37, 53, 108, 137, 
 151, 192, O 199, 234,0 240, 
 282, O 283, 320, P 230, 
 V 224. 
 Pompholyx 
 
 effusa, 120, 160. 
 
 Poronia 
 
 Petitiana, 30, P 549. 
 
 rubra, 69, P 108. 
 Potamis \ 
 Potamides ' . 
 
 Califoruianus, 213. ' 
 
 ebeninus, 48. 
 
 fiisoatus, U 206. 
 
 Ilegewischii, O 233, O 295, P 345. 
 
 Moiitagnei, O 238, P 542. 
 
 puUatus, 79, 84, 283, 284. 
 
 sacratus, 209, U 206, V 226. 
 Potamomya 
 
 sequalis, 204, O 280, O 300. 
 
 inflata, 204, O 2S0, O 300. 
 
 trigonalis, 204, 280, O 300. 
 Priene 
 
 cancellata, 20, 170. 
 
 nodosa, 24, 27, 152, 166. 
 
 Oregonenais, 20, 25, 69, 92, 99, 
 147, 169 170, 322. 
 Pristes 
 
 obloiigus, 97, 127. 
 Propilidium 
 
 aiicyloir.'e, 19. 
 Psammobia 
 
 Califoruioa, 119. 
 
 casta, 23, 38, 202. 
 
 decora, 124,0 195, 207, O231, 
 V 212. 
 
 fusca, 221. 
 
 Kindermanni, 301. 
 
 maxima, 49. 
 
 olivacea, 74. 
 
 Pacifica, 12, 38, 78, 126, 195, 
 O301, O351, V 212. 
 
 regularis, 104, 210. 
 
 rubroradiata, 26, 49, 88, 124. ^ 
 Psephis 
 
 Lordi, 88, 97, 127. 
 
 salmonea, 25, 97, 127. 
 
 tantilla, 22, 25, n8, 126, 165. 
 
 tellimyalis, 127, 303. 
 Paeudobuccinum 
 
 biliratum, 342. 
 
9« 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIE3. 
 
 Pseudobuccinum 
 
 liocliilus, O 342. 
 
 PaiianieiisH, O 342. 
 
 pulchruiii, O 342. 
 Pseudoliva 
 
 Kelletlii, 40, O 272, 340, O 
 350. 
 Fteroceras 
 
 lambis, log. 
 Fteronotus 
 
 ceiitrifiigus, 102, 345. 
 
 festivu3, 23, 149, O 345. 
 Pullastra 
 
 gigantt»a, 196. 
 Puncturella 
 
 Cooperi, 98, 137. 
 
 cucullata, 80, 98, 137, 209, 
 O 320, O 348. 
 
 galeata, 137, O 320, O 348. 
 
 noachina, 72. 
 Pupa 
 
 Californica, 118, 158. 
 
 chonlata, 15S. 
 
 ovata, 117. 
 
 Rowelli, 117, 158. 
 Pupilla 
 
 Californica, 158. 
 
 Rowelli, 158. 
 Purpura 
 
 alveolata, 1S7, 293, O 340. 
 
 analoga, 20, 28, 14S, O 240. 
 
 augulifera, 10, 191, O 269. 
 
 aperta, 13, 325, 201, V 227. 
 
 atromarginata, 236, P 537. 
 
 attenuata, 20, 148, 220. 
 
 bezoar, 294. 
 
 bioostalis, O 174, 190, O 191, 
 O 236, 238, 262, 292, 
 
 P 477, P 47S, P 537, P 543. 
 biserialis, 14, 24, 28, iii, 151, 
 152, 180, O 171, O 187, 190, 
 O 191, O 202, 204, 231, 
 O 234, O 23s, 236, 23S, 
 O 262, 269, 283, O 340, 
 O 352, 364, 366, P 477, 
 P 482. 
 
 Purpura 
 
 biserialis vnr., O 283, 
 
 bizuiialid, O 217. 
 
 brevideus, V 229. 
 
 bufouides, 14. 
 
 caliosa, 10, 48, O 269, 294. 
 
 caualieulata, 10, 20, 28, 92, 148, 
 
 171. 
 cancel lata, 236. 
 Carolensis, iSo, O 187, 240, 
 
 O 241, 262, 269, 340, 
 
 361, P 480. 
 cassidiforniis, P 476. 
 centiquadra, 10, O 171, 191, 
 
 O 262, P 480. 
 chocolata, O 191, O 294. 
 columellaris, 6, O 174, 178, 
 
 O 187, O 191, O 228, O 231, 
 
 235, 240, O 262, O 294, 
 
 O 340, 361, P 355, P 475, 
 
 O481. 
 Conradi, S3, O 1S4, 192, 201, 
 
 O 203, 231, V 228. 
 consul, 23S, 262, P 477, 
 
 P 478, P 542. 
 cornigeia, 10, O 177, 191, 
 
 O 201, 269, V 229. 
 coronata, 297. 
 costata, 191, P 482. 
 costularis, 191. 
 ciassilabrum, O 171,0 235. 
 crispata, 7, 13, 23, 26, 74, 92, 
 
 148, 192. 
 decemcostata, 4, lo, 20, 28, 83, 
 
 92, 149, 217, O 223, O 240, 
 
 340. 
 deltoidea, 364, P 478. 
 diadema, 262, P 482. 
 dumosa, 201. 
 emarginata, 13, 27, 83, 148, 
 
 O 201, 203, O 212, 213, 
 
 O 231, O 234, 235, O 283, 
 
 0340,0351,0 352, V 228. 
 engonata, 293, V 228, V 229. 
 fasciata, iS^. 
 ferruginea, 83. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 97 
 
 Purpura 
 
 Floriilana, O 190, 262, 364, 
 
 P477. 
 foliata, 4, 5. 
 
 foveoUita, 35, 180, O 269. 
 Freyciuetii, 14, 20, 28, 72, 83, 
 
 O 203, O 204, O 217, 220, 
 
 223, O 240, O 340. 
 fuscata, 13, 28, 114, 148. 
 fusiforuiis, O 191. 
 Graji, O 188, O 204, 294. 
 lisemastonia, O 190, 202, O 
 
 231, 236, O 262, O 366, 
 
 P 477, P 47S, P 537. 
 hsematura, O 204, O 262, P 477. 
 harpa, 13, O 201, O 340, 349, 
 
 V228. 
 imbrieata, 102, O 217. 
 kiosquiformis, iSo, O 191, O 231, 
 
 234, O 235, 269, 352, 
 
 P481. 
 
 var., 260. 
 
 lactuca, 4, S3, 148. 
 
 lagena, 18, 212, O 340, 348. 
 
 lamellosa, 5, 340. 
 
 lapillus, 13, 18, 23, 83, 148, 
 
 203, 204, O 217, O 220, 
 
 223, 231, O 340. 
 lapilloides, O 293. 
 macrostoma, 201, 340, O 
 
 349, V 227. 
 maculata, O 269. 
 madreporarum, 63. 
 melo, 24, I So, 269, O 340. 
 melones, 10, 231, 269, 282, 
 
 O340. 
 muricata, 28, 108, iii, 235, 
 
 262, O 340, O 352, P 476. 
 nux, P 484. 
 nympha, O 191. 
 ocellata, 10, 269. 
 ochrostoma, 63. 
 osculans, 35, 180, 269. 
 ostrina, 13, 14, 18, 26, 27, 83, 
 
 148, 151, 152, O 210, O 340, 
 
 O348. 
 
 7 
 
 Purpura 
 
 pallidas, 191. 
 
 pansa, O 228, 262, O 340, O 
 362, O zb^^, 365, P 474, P 
 475, U 208. 
 
 patula, 6, 8, 24, 28, 48, 63, iii, 
 152,166,0 171, O 228, O 234, 
 O 238, 262, O 283, O 292, 
 O 340, O 352, O 361, O 363, 
 O 365, P 474, P 475, P 476, 
 P 479, P 542, U 208. 
 
 planospira, 6, 8, 28, 103, 104, 
 108, III, O 187, 240, 340, 
 O361. 
 
 plauospirata, 48. 
 
 plicata, 148. 
 
 purpuroides, 180. 
 
 rnpestris, 14. 
 
 sauguinolenta, O 191, 231, 
 
 P517. 
 
 saxicola, 13, 18, 23, 83, 14S, 
 
 204, 220, O 231, O 340. 
 
 var., 83. 
 
 scalariformis, O 190, O 262, O 
 
 269, P 481. 
 semi-imbricata, 7, 171. 
 septentrionalis, 74, 83, 148, O 
 
 211, 212, 217, 231, 
 
 O340. 
 speclosa, O 171, 191, 262, 
 
 O 340, P 480. 
 sphseridia, 10. 
 spicata, O 293, V 228, 
 spirata, 191, 201, V 228. j 
 succincta, 10. 
 tecta, 180, O 269. 
 triangularis, 24, 28, iii, iSo, 
 
 O 187, O 191, 262, 269, 
 
 O 340, O 361, P 480. 
 triserialis, 24, iii, 171, O 
 
 191, O 262, 283, 294, O 
 
 340, P 479, P 480. 
 truncata, O 191, O 262, P 476. 
 undata, 180, 171, O 187, O 
 
 190, O 202, 262, O 269, 
 
 340, 364, F 477, P 478. 
 
98 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Pustularia 
 
 pii.-.tulata, r J7S» 
 Pyramidella 
 
 bicolor, O 296. 
 conica, 193, O 274, P 409. 
 PyrazuB 
 
 iiiL-isus, 108, 112, 152. 
 
 var., 152. 
 
 Pyrgula 
 
 quadricostata, 284, O 326, 
 
 S 162. 
 Fyrgulina 
 
 flatluatula, 33, P 424. 
 convexa, 3S, P 424. 
 Pliotis, 33, P 425. 
 Pyrula 
 
 anomala, 238, 263, P 503, 
 
 P 544- 
 Belolieri, 205. 
 Lezoar, O 191. 
 cariiaria, 171. 
 lac lea, O 263, P 503. 
 lignaria, 234, 263, P 502. 
 nielongeua, 294, O 364, P 501. 
 
 var., O 263, P 501. 
 
 patula, 25, 28, 153, O 171, 
 
 176, 234, 238, O 263, 
 
 271, O 294, 343.0 364, 
 
 P 500, P 544. 
 rapa, 7. 
 
 reticulata, 171. 
 spirata, 7, 171. 
 Bubrostrata, 176, 238, 
 
 293. P 544. 
 turbinelloides, 263. 
 ventricosa, 174, O 236, O 294, 
 
 P453. 
 vespertilio, 1 71. 
 
 Pythina 
 
 rugifera, 88, 129. 
 
 sublsevis, 248, 308, P 112. 
 
 Radius -^ ■ 
 
 sequalis, 328. 
 avena, 24, 154, 328. 
 Californicua, O 328. 
 
 Radius 
 
 euiargiuaturr, O 328. 
 
 inllexus, O 328. 
 
 siuiilid, 24. 
 Raeta 
 
 uaualiculata, 100, 126, 167, 204. 
 
 uiidulata, 21, 100, 126, 167, 
 Ranella 
 
 albofasc-iata, 163,0 185 O338. 
 
 auceps, O 23S, O 294, 338, 
 
 P544. 
 argus, 294. 
 bufuuia, 294. 
 caelata, 24, no, 182, 231, 
 
 270, O 294, 338. 
 Californica, 15, 27, no, 147, 
 
 170,0205,0338, O351. 
 convoluta, O 231, O 338. 
 crumeiia, 171. 
 crumenoides, 0171. 
 granifera, O 172. 
 muriciformis, O 182, O 201, 
 
 238, O 283, O 338, 351, 
 
 P 544. 
 nana, O 163, 176, 185, O 
 208, O 238, 271, O 33S, P 
 
 544- 
 nitida, 24, 182, O 231, O 271, 
 
 O338. 
 pectinata, 338. 
 plicata, O 271, O 338. 
 pyramidalis, 24, O 182, 238, 
 
 O294. 
 scabra, O 294. 
 semigranosa, 270, 294. 
 triqueta, 13, 24, 34, 102, 153, 
 
 O 201, O 285,0 338, 351, 
 
 V 227. 
 tuberculata, 338. 
 ■ var., 297. 
 ventricosa, 15, 147, 170, 235. 
 vexillum, 294, O 297. 
 Rangia 
 
 trigona, O 232, 246, P 52. 
 Bapana 
 
 uux, 262. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 99 
 
 Recluzia 
 
 Kollamliana, 62, 297, 316. 
 Rhinoclavis 
 
 g.'mmuta, 7, 24, 108, 152, 185. 
 Rhizochilus 
 
 aspor, 287, 297, O 340, 
 
 Californioiis, 35, in, 180, 
 2, 287, P 484. 
 
 disci ■, 34, 35, 180, P484. 
 
 foveol, . i, O 340. 
 
 gibbosus, P 4S5. 
 
 madreporarum, 155. 
 
 niveas, P 484. 
 
 nux, 25, 34, 35, III, 180,0262, 
 O 269, O 340, P 484. 
 Rhodea 
 
 Californica, 158. 
 Rhynchonella 
 
 lucida, 72. 
 
 psittacea, 71, 93, 122, 168. 
 Ricinula 
 
 alveolata, 187, 293. 
 
 aracbnoidea, O 176. 
 
 carbonaria, 181, 231, 270. 
 
 contracta, O 187. 
 
 elfgans, 176. 
 
 heptagonalis, 187. 
 
 jugoaa, 181, O 270. 
 
 Reeviaiia, 181, 270. 
 
 zonata, 187. 
 Rimula 
 
 cuoullata, 209, 213. 
 
 galeata, 209. 
 
 Mazatlanica, 108, 252, 320, 
 P 222. 
 RisBoa 
 
 acutelirata, 99, 142. 
 
 albolirata, 104, 216. 
 
 arctica, 220. 
 
 bryerea, P 357. 
 
 clandestina, 189, O 273, P 
 
 257. 
 compacta, 89, 142. 
 firmata, 361, 89, 273, p 357. 
 fortis, 273, P356. 
 
 Riaaoa 
 
 glabra, O 220. 
 
 iiicouspicua, 32, 33,36, 189, 190, 
 
 O 273. 
 infrcquens, 189, 273, 327. 
 Janus, 189, 273, O 327. 
 lirata, P 358. 
 notabilis, ^3, 36, 189, 190, 
 
 273, 327. 
 proxiiua, P 437. 
 saxatilis, O 220. 
 scalariformis, 36, 189, 273, 
 
 327- 
 
 striata, 238, P 356, P 542. 
 Rlssoina 
 
 ambigua, 230. 
 
 Catesbyana, 364. 
 
 Claiidestina, 109, 327. 
 
 expansa, 24, 293. 
 
 infiequens, 109, 293. 
 
 interfossa, 99, 142. 
 
 firmata, 24, 32, 109, 189, 327. 
 
 fortig, 24, 109, 327. 
 
 Janus, 24. 
 
 pyramidata, P 356. 
 
 scalariformis, 32. 
 
 striata, 24, 109, 257, 327, 
 P356. 
 
 Woodwardii, 24, 1S9, 257, 
 O 327, O 364, P 356, P 357. 
 Rocellaria 
 
 ovata, 121. 
 Rostellaria 
 
 induiata, 367. 
 Rotella 
 
 lineata, 222. 
 Rupellaria 
 
 Cordleri, 127. 
 
 exarata, 244, 299, P 20. 
 
 foliacea, 154, O 299. 
 
 lamelliffra, 22, 25, 26, 127, O 
 299, 349, V 214. 
 
 lingua-felis, 106, 244, 299, 
 P 20. 
 
 paupercula, 299. 
 
100 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Sanguinolaria 
 
 t'alifuriiica, O 221. 
 Califoi'uiaua, 12, 62, 86, 125, 
 
 O joi, V 212. 
 decora, 70, O 226. 
 fusca, 62, 221. 
 grandis, 228, 349. 
 luiiiiata, 23, 27, 29, 35, 49, 154, 
 
 O 231, 245, O 301, P 548, 
 
 U 199. 
 Nuttallii, 26, 70, 124, 151, 169, 
 
 O 195, O 207, O 226, 234, 
 
 0301,0351,0352. 
 ovalis, 49. 
 Paciflca, V 212. 
 purpurea, 49, 226, O 231, 
 
 O 245, O 301, O 352, P 31. 
 
 P 548, U 199. 
 rnbroradiata, 12, O 301, V 212. 
 tellinoides, 49, O 286, O 301 
 
 P31. 
 Sazicava 
 
 abrupta, 76. 
 
 arctita, 118, 123, O 244,0 296, 
 
 O 299, O 365, O 366, P 16, 
 
 P 24. 
 Californica, I20, 196, V 214. 
 carditoides, 120, O 196, 232, 
 
 234, V 214. 
 clava, 15, O 203. 
 Cordieri, O 232, P 16. 
 distorta, 70, O 221. 
 fragilis, 256. 
 Gallicana, 221. 
 Groeulandica, 221. 
 lamellifi'ra, 234. 
 legumen, 14, 15, 123, 202, 
 
 203. 
 pboladis, 14, 15, 22, 26, 70, 88, 
 
 91, 105, 123, 124, 151, 166, 
 
 168, O 202, 219, O 221, 
 
 O 223, O 232, 279, 299, 
 
 0351- 
 
 rugosa, 70, 91, 221, P 15, 
 
 P 16. 
 solida, P 16. " ' " 
 
 Saxicava 
 
 teiiuia, 38, 203, 279, 299. 
 Sazidoinus 
 
 aratus, 12, 73, 86, 127. 
 brevisipbonatus, 93, 127, 251. 
 giganteub, 12, O 196, O 299, V 
 
 215. 
 Nuttallii, 12, 74, 76, 86, 127, 
 
 O 192, O 196, O 203, O 210, 
 
 O 232, O 234, O 299, 349, 
 
 0351, V 215. 
 Petitii, 12, 17, 196, O 299, O 
 
 349- 
 squalidus, 12, 14, 20, 22, 86, 91, 
 
 127, O 192. 
 Scalaria 
 
 auiculina, O 207, 336. 
 australis, 18, 114, O 210, O 
 
 336. 
 bellastriata, 99, 146. 
 borealis, 212. 
 crasHilabris, O 238, P 542. 
 crebicostata, 99, 146. 
 Cumingii, 99, 146, 284, 
 
 336, S 165. 
 diadema, 33, 181, P 448. 
 Dianae, O 206, 336. 
 Elenensis, ^2' 
 fuuiculata, 33,0 260. 
 gracilis, 146. 
 GrcBnlandica, 71, O 216, 223, 
 
 O336. 
 hexagona, 192, 260, 274, 
 
 2S5, O 336, P 446. 
 Hindsii, 24, 284, O 336, S 165. 
 Indianorum, 114, 146, 169,244. 
 
 var. 99. 
 
 indistincta, O 285, 2S8, 336. 
 Mindorensis, S 164. 
 mitrseformis, i86, 336, P 
 
 446, Q 235, S 165. 
 obesa, S 164. 
 
 obtnsa, 192, 274, 336. 
 Ochotensis, 20, O 216, 220, 
 
 O223. 
 planicosta, O 216. - -- 
 
INDtX OF SPECIES. 
 
 1( I 
 
 Scalaria 
 
 raricostata, J3, O 260, O 336, 
 
 F447. 
 rt'gularis, 244, O 284, 336, 
 
 S 164. 
 reflexa, O 288, O 336, Q 235. 
 statuuiinata, O 230, O 336. 
 sulicoronata, 99, 146. 
 sul)no<lo3a, 284, 336, S 
 
 165. 
 subulatH, O 216. 
 suprastriata, 260, O 336, P 
 
 446, P 447- 
 tiara, iio, 2S4, O 336, S 164. 
 trar. tincta, 146, 151, 244. 
 Turtonis, 244. 
 venosa, O 230. 
 vulpina, 206, O 336. 
 Scapharca 
 
 bifrous, 24, 154. 
 eiiiarginata, 24. 
 labiata, 24. 
 nux, 24. 
 Schizopyga 
 
 Californiana, 79. 
 Schizothaerus 
 
 Nuttallii, 22, 25, 26, 69, 72, 76, 
 
 86, 123, 126, 169. 
 maximus, 123. 
 Scintilla 
 
 Cumingii, 186. 
 Scissurella 
 
 rinuiloides, 34, 258. 
 Scrobicularia 
 alta, 26. 
 
 angulata, Q 230. 
 biangularis, 303. 
 biangulata, 12, O 195, Q, 230, 
 
 V213. 
 Dorabeyi, var. 272. 
 prodacta, 40, 272, 284, O 287, 
 
 O 303, Q 230, S 160. 
 viridotincta, 284, 303, S 160. 
 Scutalus 
 
 proteus, 158. . - . _ 
 
 Xantasi, 158. -^ -«--^ii-=-~ 
 
 Scutellina 
 
 uavicdloides, 3«.i7, »97,0 252, 
 (»3iy, P211. 
 Scurria 
 
 {fviir.) fiinicalata, 98, 136. 
 niitra, 23, 26, 79, 84, 136, 170, 
 173, O 174, O >90, O 199, 
 202, O 20.), O 234, 297, 
 O 319, O 348, P 292, V 222. 
 pallida, 79, O 284. 
 scurra, 170, V 222. 
 Segmentina 
 
 Doabilli, 44- 
 Sella 
 
 assimilata, 5;^, P 445* 
 Semele 
 
 bicolor, 29, 105, O 303. 
 Califoniica, O 287, 
 
 var. 105, 151, 303. 
 
 cornigata, 126. 
 
 decisa, 22, 26, 126, O 231, 303, 
 
 35«. V213. 
 elliptica, O 303, P 28. 
 flaveacens, 29, 39, 48, 105, 203, 
 245, O 303, o 351. P 28, P 
 548, U 199- 
 flavicans, 48, O 231, 279. 
 incongrua, 97, 126. 
 obliqua, O 284, 303, 
 planata, O 284, O 303, S 160. 
 proxima, 39, 154. 203, O 226, 
 231, 245, O 279, 303, 
 P 548, U 199. 
 pulchra, 23, 39, 78, 97, 126, 154, 
 
 203, O 303. 
 punctata, 304, S 160. 
 rubrolineata, 22, 113, 126, O 
 163, O 232, 303, 351, V 
 212. 
 rnbrotincta, O 284, O 352. 
 rupium, 97, 126, 170, 304, 
 
 O 359- 
 simplex, O 163, O 195, O 232, 
 
 V 212. 
 striosa, 203, 303. ,;, - 
 tortuosa, 303. . _g,3,'^g _ _ 
 
102 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Semele 
 
 Teutricosa, 203, 303. 
 
 venusta, 23, 29, 154, 203, 245, 
 303, P 28. 
 Senectus 
 
 funi(!ulatos, 4. 
 
 sqiiamigeius, 24, 154. 
 Septifer 
 
 bifiircatus, 26, 129, 151. 
 
 Cnmiiigianus, 106, 309. 
 Serpula 
 
 iucurvata, X 436. 
 
 recta, X 425, X 436, 
 
 rf'enlaris, 42. 
 Serpulorbis 
 
 Pananieii-Jis, 42. 
 
 pquaiuigerus, 23, 27, loo, 140. 
 Serripes 
 
 Gioenlandicus, 70, 88, 128, 168. 
 
 Laperousii, 128. 
 Serrula 
 
 CarpHDteri, 287, 
 Sigaretus 
 
 coriai'eus, 176, 216. 
 
 debili.s, 27, 228, O 233, 337, 
 O 352, U 207. 
 
 fenestratus, O 259, P 408. 
 
 inflatus, O 275. 
 
 niillegranus, O 170, P 408. 
 
 scopiilosus, O 367. 
 
 tessellatus, 294, P 407. 
 Siliqua 
 
 lucida, 120, O 195, V 211. 
 
 Nuttallii, 120, 124, 195, V 211. 
 Siliquaria 
 
 gibba, 39. 
 Simnia 
 
 patula, P 375. 
 Sipho 
 
 terebalis, 73. 
 Siphonalia 
 
 anoniala, 152. 
 
 fu«cotincta, 23, 149, 288. 
 
 Kelli»ttii, 74, 149, 169, 289. 
 
 modificata, 152. 
 
 pallida, 28, 49, 112. 
 
 Siphonaria 
 
 seqnilirata, 107, 112, 151, 152, 
 162,0251, O290, 0316,? 184. 
 
 jequilorata, 290, P 550. 
 
 aniara, 48, 162, 290. 
 
 characteristica, 197, O 185, O 
 276, O 2S2, O 290. 
 
 costata, O 1S5, 276, O 316. 
 
 denticulata, O 239, P 546. 
 
 ferruginea, 31. 
 
 gigantea, O 229. 
 
 gigas, 24, 152, 197, O 174, 
 276, 2S2, O 290, 316, 
 359, T 168, U 205. 
 
 lar. O 276. 
 
 lateralis, 133, 170, 238. 
 
 lecauium, 24, 31, 107, 162, 256, 
 O 208, O 225, 235, 251, 
 O 290, O 316, P 182, P 184, 
 
 P 535, P 536. 
 
 var. 239. 
 
 var. palmata, 251, P 
 
 183. 
 Ieviu3cula, 152. 
 manra, 24, 31, 162, O 185, 
 
 276, 316. 
 palmata, 24, 31, 107, 162. 
 pentegoniostoma, P 212. 
 pica, 37, 197, 276, O 285, 
 
 316. 
 scutellnm, 203, 316, 359. 
 tbersites, 47, 113, 133, 162, 170, 
 
 237. 
 
 Tris;tensis, 47, 113. 
 Siphonium 
 
 ror. centiqnadra, 42. 
 
 effusum, 42. 
 
 lituella, 42. 
 
 mariiaritarntn, 42. 
 
 megamastuin, 42. 
 
 r-ar. spinosnm, 44. 
 
 snbcrenatum, 44. 
 Sistrum 
 
 carbonari am, 25, in. 
 
 (?ochroRtoma, var.) rufono- 
 tatnm, 105, 220. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 103 
 
 Skenea 
 
 iota, X 415, X 426. 
 
 Verranxii, 62. 
 Smaragdinella 
 
 thecaphora, 0250,0313, P 533 
 Solariella 
 
 aspecta, 98. 
 
 peraiiiabilis, 98, 139. 
 Solarium 
 
 aetliiops, 294. 
 
 bicaualicnlatum, 7, 170. 
 
 cyclostoma, O 294. 
 
 granosum, 170, P 408. 
 
 granulatuin, 15, 24, 27, 36, 58. Solen 
 
 no. 153. 191, O 170, 236, I altns, 175, 222 
 
 Solecurtus 
 
 radiatus, 120, 195, 211, V 
 
 211. 
 spleiidens, V 211. 
 subteres, 22, 124, 195, 231, 
 
 O 234, O 301, 349, 351. 
 violascens, 151, 282, 30I, 
 
 P 27. 
 Solemya 
 
 pu.<illa, 73. 
 valvulus, 104, 210. 
 velum, 73. 
 ventricosa, 164, 367. 
 
 O 237, O 274, 333, P 536, 
 
 P541. 
 granulatum, i-ar. 58. 
 granulosuni, 15. 
 placentale, 58, 206, 333. 
 placentula, 58. 
 quadriceps, 15, 27, 58, no, 153, 
 
 191, O 206, 234, 23s, 
 
 274, 333. 
 vaiiegatum, 63, 294, P 407. 
 veirucosum, 58. 
 Solecardia 
 
 eburnea, 265, V 209. 
 Solecurtus 
 
 affiiiis, 39, 205, 245, 280, 
 
 O 301, P 27. 
 ambigiuis, 48. 
 Californiaiiua, 12, 22, 26, 124, 
 
 170, O 195, O 231, 284, 
 
 301,0351, V 212. 
 Californictis, O 349. 
 Californiensis, 78. 
 Caribb;riis, 39, 205. 
 Carpenteri, 29. 
 Dombevi, 12, 48, 124, 170. 
 lueidus, 12, 120,0 195,0 211, 
 
 V 211. 
 maxinius, 120, 124, V 211. 
 Nnttallii, 12, 87, 120, 195, 
 
 222, V 211. 
 politus, 29, O 245, 301, P 27. 
 
 acutidens, O 175. 
 
 ambiguus, 6, 7, 8, 20. 
 
 Ainericanns, 222. 
 
 Californianus, 61. 
 
 conieus, 73. 
 
 Dombei, 61. 
 
 eusis, 222. 
 
 gracilis, 73. 
 
 maximus, 9, 87, 211, 212, 
 O 213, 222, 231. 
 
 medius, 7, 20, O 222. 
 
 minutus, O 221. 
 
 Kuttalli, O 231. 
 
 patulus, 5, 9. 
 
 rudis, 6, 39, 205, 280, 301. 
 
 sicarius, 26, 74, 87, 124, 169, 
 O 209, 212, 213, 301. 
 
 (? var.) rosaceus, 22, 124, 
 
 279. 
 
 splendens, 120, 195, 222. 
 
 Ptrictus, 73. 
 
 subferes, 61. 
 
 tenuis, 175, 222. 
 Solena 
 
 anibigua, 39. 
 
 media, 39. 
 
 obliqua, 39, 205. 
 Soletellina 
 
 obscurata, 70. 
 Sphaenia 
 
 bilirata, iiS. 
 
 27 
 
104 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Sphasnia 
 
 Biiighami, P i6, P 24. 
 
 Califoruica, 78, 87, 194, 
 211, O 284, 301, O 349, 
 351, V 210. 
 
 fragilis, 29, 39, 105, 244, 
 300, P 24, P 530. 
 
 luticola, 29. 
 
 ovali3, 168. 
 
 ovoidea, 88, 123. 
 Spbaerella 
 
 tiiiuida, 30, 129. 
 Sphasrium 
 
 deiitatum, 164. 
 
 lenticula, 165. 
 
 meridionale, 165. 
 
 nobile, 165. 
 
 otcidentale, 1 16, 165. 
 
 ovale, 165. 
 
 patella, 165. 
 
 Spokani, 91, 165. 
 
 striatimim, 1 16, 164. 
 
 subtransversum, 165. 
 
 tumidutu, 91, 165. 
 Spiralis 
 
 ("obauensis, 44. 
 
 Lattrei, 44. 
 
 Shuttleworthii, 44. 
 Spiroglyphus 
 
 alliidu:?, 43. 
 
 lituella, 27, io8, 140, 
 Spisula 
 
 fraeilis, P 51. 
 Spondylus 
 
 calcifer, 24, 107, igo, 256, 258, 
 O 241, O 250, 277, 312, 
 P 547, P 54S, P sso. 
 
 crassisquama, O 233. 
 
 dubius, O 182, 312, P 153. 
 
 dncalis, P 153. 
 
 Estrellanus, 81. 
 
 Ljmarckii, 199, 250, O 277, 
 
 P 153, P 547- 
 limbatns, 43, O 290, O 312. 
 pictoruni, O 233, 234, 265. 
 var. P 153. 
 
 Spondylus 
 
 priijceps, 312. 
 
 rar, 182. 
 
 radula, 290, O 312. 
 
 varians, O 233. 
 
 Victoriae, 41. 
 Standella 
 
 Californica, 22,99, I'J) '26, 151. 
 
 falcata, 126. 
 
 fragilis, 27, 106. 
 
 nasuta, 12, 99, 126. 
 
 planulata, 99, 126. 
 
 velata, 204. 
 Stenotrema 
 
 geniiana, 157. 
 Stephopoma 
 
 VU-. bispinosa. 42. 
 
 peimatum, 42. 
 Stoa 
 
 ainnionitifortnis, 42. 
 
 subcrenata, 44. 
 Stomatella 
 
 inflata, 37, 194, 275, 320. 
 Stramonita 
 
 petro.sa, 76. 
 StrategUB 
 
 inennis, 94, 95. 
 Strebloceras 
 
 aiiellum, 43. 
 
 cornuoides. X 441, X 443. 
 
 snlntnm, X 441, X 443. 
 Strephona 
 
 incrassata, P 464. 
 
 Pe<lroana, 76. 
 Strigatella 
 
 etfiisa, O 339. 
 
 tristis, 24, no, 151, 177, 261, 
 <^ 339. P 461. 
 Strigilla 
 
 carnaria, 23, 27, 102, 151, 154, 
 O 195, O 224, 227, O 228, 
 245, O 303, 350, O 353, 
 
 O 3^3, P 39. P 4^, U 200. 
 dichotoraa, 224, 303. 
 disjiincta, 40, 284, 303, S 
 
 160, 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 105 
 
 Strigilla 
 
 effusa, 361. 
 
 ervilia, 224, 303. 
 
 fucata, 29, 38, 227, O 228, 
 
 245. 279. 363, U 200. 
 lenticula, 105, 224, O 245, O 
 
 303, P4I- 
 niiniata, O 245, P 40, U 200. 
 pisiformis, 23, 224, O 303, O 
 
 363- 
 sincera, 23, 40, 105, 203, O 
 
 303, S 160. 
 tristis, 361. 
 Strombina 
 
 augularis, O 344. 
 
 bicanalifera, 25, 180, 344, O 
 
 361. 
 dorsafa, 180, 344. 
 elegans, O 344. 
 fusiforinls, O 344. 
 gibberula, 25, H2, 151, 180, O 
 
 344- 
 lanceolata, 344, 361. 
 maculosa, 112,0 263, 344, P, 
 
 513- 
 
 recurva, 25. 
 
 turrita, 181, 344. 
 Strombus 
 
 bitubercnlatna, 10, 
 
 cancellatus, 7. 
 
 crenatus, 187, 258, P 3S0, 
 
 galea, 43, O 179, 241, 258, 
 270, 282, P 302, P 3S1. 
 
 galeatus, 24, 109, O 187, 238, 
 270, O 329, P 544. 
 
 gigas, 364, P 382. 
 
 gracilior, 24, 27, 109, 153, 174, 
 O 179, O 187, 233, 23s, 
 238, O 270, O 282, O 329, 
 O 352, O 364, P 383, P 544. 
 
 granulatus, 7, 24, 27, 109, O 2, 
 O 174, O 179, O 187, 230, 
 O 235, O 238, O 258, 270, 
 O 282, O 329, O 360, P 382, 
 P544. 
 
 lentiginosus, 238, P 544. 
 
 Strombus 
 
 marmoiatns, P 335. 
 
 muritatus, P 335. 
 
 Peruvianus, 10, O 270, O 329, 
 O 364, P 382. 
 
 pugilis, 364. 
 
 vittatus, 367. 
 Stylifer 
 
 astericola, 281, 335, 360. 
 Styliferina 
 
 turrita. 99, 143. 
 Styloptygma 
 
 clauailiformis, ^;i, P 126. 
 Subula 
 
 luctuosa, 109, O 258, O 329, P 
 
 387. 
 strigata, 109, O 329. 
 varicosa, 177, 329. 
 Succit "Ja 
 
 aperta, if ' 
 
 aurea, 159. 
 
 brevis, 296. 
 
 cingulata, 159, 240, 315. 
 
 Hawkinsii, 90, 159. 
 
 lineata, 120. 
 
 Nuttalliana, 85, 159, 
 
 Oregonensis, 159,0 198,0 315, 
 
 V 220. 
 ovalis, 159. 
 putris, 44, 93, 222. 
 rotuiidata, 162. 
 rusticaua, 93, 116, 159, 209, 
 
 0315. 
 Surcula 
 
 funiculata, P 390. 
 Sycotypus 
 
 (^coyanus, 77. 
 Syphopatella 
 
 aspersa, 275. 
 
 conica, P 265. 
 
 licben. P 266. 
 
 mamillaris, P 266. 
 
 regularis, 195. 
 
 sordida, 184. 
 Syrnola 
 
 lamellata, 33, no, P 411. 
 
106 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Tapes 
 
 A(iamsi), 74, 304, 
 
 decus:ata, 74, 127. 
 
 Deshayesii, 58. 
 
 discors, 23, 78, O 306, P 77. 
 
 di versa, 12, 56, 72, 76, 86, 127, 
 
 304, O 203, O 284, 289, 
 
 306. 
 floritla, U 200. 
 fluctuosa, 39. 
 fiiscolineata, 23, 211. 
 geographioa, U 200. 
 gracilis, 75, 78, O 227, O ,^84, 
 
 306, O 352, U 200. 
 granulata, 55, 364, P 76, P 
 
 78. 
 grata, 23, 27,38, 55, 58, 78, 151, 
 
 201, O 247, O 278, 282, 
 
 306, O 352, P 77. 
 
 var. 56, 151. 
 
 liistrionica, 27, 38, 201, O 203, 
 
 O 247, O 278, O 306, 352, 
 
 364, P 76, P 77, V 215. 
 Inezeusis, 81, 
 laciniata, 26, 57, 127, 304. 
 linteata, 80. 
 maxima, 232. 
 montana. Si. 
 mundnlus, 127. 
 var. orbella, 127. 
 Petitii, 127. 
 
 var. 70, 74, 76, 91. 
 
 pectnnculoiiles, 306. 
 
 regularis, 1 19. 
 
 ligida, 127. 
 
 var. ruilerata, 127. 
 
 squamosa, 106, 247, 306, 
 
 P 78. 
 Ptaniinea, ) 12, 17, 22, 26, 56, 
 stramiuea, J 76, 78,86, 91, 127, 
 
 151. 152, 304, 
 
 . 306, 349, 
 331,0352, P 76, 
 V21S. 
 tenerrima, 17,22, 100, 127,304, 
 227, 229, O 306, U 200. 
 
 Tapes 
 
 tumida, 127, 196, 306, V 
 214. 
 Tectarius 
 
 eoiouatU3, 170. 
 Tectura 
 
 persona, 16. ■' 
 
 textilis, 16, 
 Tecturella 
 
 grandis, 31, 47, 136, 310. 
 Tedinia 
 
 peruoide's, 250, 2S6, P 165. 
 Tegula 
 
 elegans, 10. 
 
 flaiumea, 61. 
 
 pellis-serpentis, 24, 61, 1 70, 
 
 O 2S2, 2S8, 321. 
 strigilata, O 282. 
 Teinostoma 
 
 amplectans, 254, O 322, P 
 
 253, ^ 254. 
 minutum, 273, 322. 
 substriatum, 254, O 322, P 
 254. 
 Tellidora 
 
 Bunieti, 14, 29, 226, 234, 
 245. 297, 303, 364, P 
 548. 
 crystajlina, 202. 
 lumilata, 14. 
 Tellina 
 
 albaria, 367. 
 
 alta, 12, 125, 19s, 302, 
 
 349, V 213 
 alteriiata, 29, 245, P 35. 
 alteriiidentata, 9, O 175, O 221, 
 
 O347. 
 amplectans, 155. 
 angulosa, O 245, P 35. 
 arctata, 165, 367. 
 atra, 219. 
 aurora, 202, 186, 279, 
 
 baltln a, 20, 221. 
 bimaculata, O 363. . 
 I bitruncata, 367. 
 
IXDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 lot 
 
 Tellina 
 
 BoJegensis, 69, 86, 125, 169, O ; 
 207, 211, O 219, O 224, I 
 234, 302, O 349. I 
 
 brevirostrid, O 245, O 2S7, I 
 302, P 38. ' 
 
 BroJeiipii, O 245, 302, P 32. 
 
 Burueti, O 175, t) 203, P 39, 
 
 P83- 
 
 calcarea, O 221, 232. 
 Califoiuica, 18, O 211, O 302. 
 carnaria, O 221, O 222, P 39, 
 
 P 40, U 200. 
 cicercula, 224, 236, P 534, 
 
 PS39. 
 cogiiata, 3S, 202, 279, 303, 
 
 O364. 
 Columbiensis, 202, 279, 303. 
 conciuua, O 279. 
 congest I, 75. 
 
 crystalliua, 202, 279, 303. 
 Cumiugii, 27, 105, 202, 186, 
 
 O 234, O 245, O 279, 302, P 
 
 36. 
 Dariena, 77. 
 decnmbeus, 271. 
 delicatula, O 245, 287, 302, 
 
 P37- 
 
 denticulata, O 245, O 302, P 38. 
 Desliayesii, O 284,0 303, S 160. 
 
 ijesnayesii, yj ^04, v^ j"-'j; 
 
 dichotoma, 224, P 534, 
 
 Diegoana, 75. 
 
 divaricata, P 99. 
 
 Dombeyi, 202, 272, O 186, 
 
 245, 279, 302, P 33. 
 donaciformis, P 34. 
 donacilla, O 245, 302, 366, 
 
 P34, P53I- 
 donacina, O 366, P 34. 
 eburnea, 29, 245, O 302. 
 edentula, 86, 175, O 195, O 
 
 219, 223, 301, V 213. 
 elougata, O 186, O 279, O 302. 
 euiacerata, 165, 367. 
 ervilia, O 224, P 534. 
 fabagella, 73. 
 
 Tellina 
 
 Fabricii, O 221. 
 
 fau.sta, O 284, O 303. 
 
 felix, 23, 38, 73, 202, 203, 
 
 1S6, 228, O 245, 279, 
 
 302, P 34. . 
 
 frigida, O 221. 
 fuuata. 227, U 200. 
 fusca, 20, 221. 
 gemma, 75, O 227, O 232, 302, 
 
 O 352, U 2CX>. 
 Gioenlaiidica, 175. 
 gubernaeulum, 186, 302. 
 Guilfordise, 9, 221. 
 Haiileyi, 105. 
 Liberna, 186, O 303. 
 iusequalis, 230. 
 incouspicua, 62, O 175, O 221, 
 
 347- 
 inquiuata, 192, O 302. 
 insculpta, 186, 302 
 Japonica, 14. 
 laceridens, 202, 1 86, 279, 
 
 O 302. 
 lamellata, 245, 302, P 37. 
 lamiiiata, 39. 
 
 lata, 219,0 221,0 223,0 301. 
 lenticnla, 224, P 41, P 534. 
 ligamentina, 14, O 195, V 213. 
 lingua-felis, P 20. 
 liutea, 193. 
 lubrica, 73. 
 lutea, 9, 219, O 221, 223, 
 
 O301. 
 Mazatlanica, 40, O 302, P ^t,. 
 miniata, 226, P 31, P 548, U 
 
 199. 
 muricata, 9, P 98. 
 
 nasuta, 86, 302, 192, 211, 
 O 219, O 221, 223, 232j 
 234, 283 O 296, 347, 
 O351. 367, V 213. 
 
 ochracea, 104, 210. 
 
 opercularis, 47, IS4' 
 
 operculata, 8, 47, O 245, 363, 
 P32. 
 
lOS 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Tellina 
 
 Pauamensis, 295, O 303. 
 Pedroana, 75. 
 perna, O 366. 
 petalum, O 170, 302. 
 pisiforinis, 60, 224, P 102. 
 plebeia, O 186, O 302. 
 priucep3, 154, O 186, O 282, 
 
 302. ^ 
 piora, 202, 279. O 303. 
 proxima, O 178, O 221. 
 puella, 23, 38, 202, O 245, 
 
 279, O 302, P 37. 
 puuicea, 8, 23, 154, O 245, O 
 
 279, 302, O 363, P 35. 
 pura, 21, 29, 40, O 227, 232, 
 
 O302, 351, U 199. 
 purpurea, 29, P 3;^. 
 regia, O 186, 232, O 302. 
 regularis, O 245, O 302, P 36. 
 rhodora, O 284, O 303. 
 rosea, 35. 
 rubella, 23. 
 rubescens, 105, 202, O 186, O 
 
 282, O 302, P 32. 
 rufescens, 47, O 208, 246, O 
 
 296, O 302, 363, O 366, P 32. 
 nigosa, 9. 
 
 siliqua, 202, 279, O 303. 
 siiuilis, O 364. 
 solidula, 20, 170, 219, 
 
 221, O 223, O 301. 
 sordida, O 221. 
 straminea, 245, O 287, 302, 
 
 P34. 
 
 striata, 155, P35. 
 
 suborbicularis, P 105, 
 
 tersa, 20, 272, O 226, 228, 
 
 303, U 199. 
 triangalaris, 221. 
 vicina, 12, 38, 78, 126,203, 
 
 232, O 279, O 284, 302, 
 
 351, O 363, U 201. 
 Virgo, O 189, 302. 
 Tellimya -*.— . 
 
 bidentalis, 303. 
 
 Tellimya 
 
 lactea, P 105. 
 
 suborbicularis, P 105. 
 
 tenuis, P 105. 
 
 tuuiida, 88, 97, 129. 
 Tellinides 
 
 purpureus, 175, P 32. 
 Terebra 
 
 aciculata, 185, 285, P 388, 
 P3S9. 
 
 Africaua, 51, 61, 285, 288, 
 
 P384. 
 albocincta, 51, 226, 25S, 
 
 P vi., P 384, P 3S6. 
 arguta, O 228, 233, 258, 
 
 P 388, U 206. 
 armillata, 51, 206, O 239, 
 
 258, 366, P 384, P 545- 
 aspera, 51, O 1S5. 
 Belcheri, O 296. 
 castaiiea, 51. 
 cinerea, 51, 364. 
 dislocata, 51. 
 elata, 177, 185, 267. 
 elongata, 51. 
 
 flammea, 41, 51, 6i, O 207. 
 formosa, 41. 
 frigata, O 189. 
 fulgnr O 225, 22S, 233, 
 
 O 2j 352, P 535, P 537, 
 
 P5S2. 
 Hindsii, 51, O 258. 
 Hupei, 51. 
 incomparabilis, 41. 
 insignis, 41. 
 interstincta, 366. 
 intertincta, 51, P 384. 
 Jamaicensis, 51. 
 larvaeformis, 41, 177, 267, 
 laurina, 51. 
 
 lingualis, 109, 206, 330. 
 Loroisi, 51. 
 luctuosa, 51, 63, O 206, 239, 
 
 364, P 387, P 545. 
 marginata, 51. 
 ornata, O 185,0207,0330 '^ 360. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 109 
 
 Terebra 
 
 retiveriaua, 41, 51. 
 
 robuata, 24, U 206, 230, 
 
 267, 282, O 330, O 350, 
 rudis, 51. 
 
 rufociuerea, 51, 258. 
 Salleaua, 41. 
 specillata, 41, ioi,0 206, 267, 
 
 O 26S, 330. 
 Strigata, 10, 46, 51, 155, 174, 
 
 O 207. 
 strigosa, 61. 
 stylata, 51. 
 subuodosa, 51, 258. 
 textilis, O 206. 
 tuberculosa, 154, 177, 206, 
 
 O 268. 
 uva, 330. 
 
 varicosa, 177, O 206, 268. 
 variegata, 51, 61, 235, O 239, 
 
 O 2S5, 288, 352, P 3S4, 
 
 P 463. P 545. 
 
 zebra, 10, 41, 51, 207. 
 Terebratella 
 
 augustata, 250. 
 
 caput-serpeiitis, 93, 122. 
 
 caurina, 18, 97, 122. 
 
 Coreauica, 122, 169. 
 
 dorsata, 122. 
 
 frontalis, 122. 
 
 globosa, 122. 
 
 miniata, 20, 72, 122. 
 
 vitrca, 122. 
 Terebratula 
 
 aiigusta, 54. 
 
 Belcheri, 54. 
 
 Californica, 54, 60, 72, 289. 
 
 caput-serpeiitis, 54) 249, 250. 
 
 caurina, 18, 54, 210, 298, 
 O 348. 
 
 dilatata, 54. 
 
 frontalis, 20, O 2i8, 221, 
 223. •• -■ 
 
 Gaudichaudi, 54. 
 
 globosa, 54, 72. - -_ 
 
 Grayi, 70, 72. 
 
 Terebratula 
 
 Japuuiua, 54. 
 
 uiteus, 166, 367. 
 
 pbysema, 54. 
 
 psittacea, 218, 223. 
 
 pulviuata, 18, 72, O 210, 213, 
 298, 348. 
 
 radiata, 54. 
 
 transversa, 72. 
 
 unguiculus, 93, 97, 122, 249, 
 250. 
 
 uva, 54, O 265. 
 
 vitrea, 54, 72. 
 Terebratulina 
 
 Japouica, 54. 
 
 radiata, 54. 
 Teredo 
 
 fiuibriata, 91. 
 
 substriata, 367. 
 ThaumastuB 
 
 Californicus, 158. 
 Theliostyla 
 
 Berubardi, P 257. 
 Theora 
 
 lubrica, 73. 
 Thracia 
 
 alta, O 280. 
 
 curta, 26, 88, 124, 194, 300, 
 349, V 210. 
 
 granulosa, 231. 
 
 mactropsis, 79. 
 
 phaseolina, 202. 
 
 plicata, 27, 50, 231, O 297. 
 O352. 
 
 squamosa, 105, O 287, 300, 
 366, Q 229. 
 
 trapezoides, 165, 367. 
 
 villosiuscula, 366. 
 Thylacodes 
 
 contortus, 43, 44. 
 
 contortnla, 43, 44. 
 
 cruciformis, 43. 
 
 electrina, 43. 
 
 rar. indentata, 43. ^''''\ 
 
 favosa, 43. =;::;; ;i. 
 
 oryzata, 44. .-.t-. 
 
no 
 
 I.NUKX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Tbylacodes 
 
 repf lis, 4j. 
 
 Rusei, 43. 
 
 squaiuigura, 43. 
 Tiara 
 
 foraminata, O 185, 261, P 
 460. 
 
 niuricata, 185. 
 Tivela 
 
 arguta, 60. 
 Tonlcia 
 
 Brandti, 317. 
 
 crtintilata, O 317. 
 
 Eschsulioltzii, O 317. 
 
 Forbesii, 252, 317, P 193. 
 
 insigni:*, O 317. 
 
 lineata, 134, 170, 317. 
 
 var. 134. 
 
 liueolata, 134, 170. 
 
 Merckii, 0317. 
 
 Sitcbeusis, 317. 
 Torinla 
 
 areola, 192, P 407. 
 
 bicanaliculata, ^^^. 
 
 grauosa, 259, 333, P 40S. 
 
 rotundata, 36. 
 
 variegata, 24, 32, 63, 69, O 192, 
 O 238, 259, O ?74, O 297, 
 O 33,3, 363, P 407. 
 Tornatella 
 
 punctopaelata, 132, 307. 
 Tornatellina 
 
 Cuniiiigiana, 1S6, 315. 
 Tornatina 
 
 carinata, 37, 97, 133, 194, O 250, 
 
 0313,? 171. 
 cerealis, 23, 133, 227, 313, 
 
 O349, P 171, U 203. 
 cnlcitella, 23, 133, 313, O 349, 
 
 U 203. 
 eximia, 89, 90, 133, 166. 
 inculta, 79, 227, 313, O 351, 
 
 U 203. 
 infreqaens, 154, 194, O 250, 
 
 275,0313,0366,? 171. 
 gracilis, P 171. 
 
 Tracbydermon 
 
 deiitieud, 135. 
 tlecteiis, 135. 
 Gothieus, 98, 135. 
 Hartwegii, 135. 
 inteiistiiicturi, 135. 
 Nuttallii, 113, 135. 
 pseudodeutieua, 98, 135. 
 reteporosu^i, 135. 
 tiifidus, 135. 
 Trapezium 
 
 CaliforniLum, 102, u 306, 
 
 349- 
 Treaus 
 
 capax, 76. 
 
 ni:ixiuius, II, 123, 192. 
 Tribulus 
 
 Caroleiisis, P 4S0. 
 Trichotropis 
 
 Atlanlica, 217. 
 
 bicarinata, 4S, 61, 70, 71, 176, 
 
 O 220, 223, O 328. 
 borealis, 20, 146, 176, 211, 
 
 217, O 223, 328, 347, 
 
 348. 
 cancellata, 20, 114, 147,0 206, 
 
 O 210, 211, 213, 217, 
 
 328. 
 ciliata, 72. 
 coronata, 70, 72. 
 co^tellata, O 217. 
 Gouldii, 40, O 2S8. 
 inermis, 114, 146, 207, 217, 
 
 O328. 
 insignis, 70, 71, 217, 223, 
 
 O328. 
 multicaudata, 70. 
 Sowerbiensis, 61, 220. 
 umbilicata, 217. 
 Trigona 
 
 sequilatera, P 549- 
 
 argentina, 27, O 202, 234, O 
 
 246, O 305, P 58. 
 bicolor, O 366, P 59. 
 Byronensis, O 246, P 54. 
 oorbicula, O 232, 234. 
 
INDEX OF M'ECIES. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Trigona 
 
 crasdatelloideg, lo, 22, 196, 
 O 229, :!32, 234, O 246, 
 O 305, t 19, 35', P 58, 
 V 216. 
 
 Dillwyni, P 55. 
 
 gracilior, P 55. 
 
 Hiiuisii, 23, 154, 15s. O 241, P 
 
 55. 
 
 , var. 229, 366. 
 
 humilis, O 246, 305, P 57. 
 
 iutenueiiia, P 55. 
 
 mactroides, 60, 192, 229, 
 
 O 364, P 55- 
 nitidiila, 106. 
 plauulata, 23, 27, O 229, O 234, 
 
 246, O 305, O 366, P 59. 
 radiata, 27, 106, 201, O 192, 
 
 O 229, 232, 234, 241, 
 
 O 246, O 305, O 364, P 54, 
 
 P 55, P 56, P 58, P 59. 
 semifulva, P 56. 
 stultorum, 10, 12. 
 taiitilla, 229, 305, U 201. 
 tripla, 366, P 55. 
 undulata, P 59. 
 veiitriuosa, P 55. 
 Trigonella 
 
 crassatelloidea, 196, 207, 
 O 296, O 353, V 216. 
 Triodopsia 
 
 loricata, 157. 
 MuUaui, 157. 
 omphalia 
 pulcherrima, 121. 
 Triforia ) 
 Triphoria ' 
 
 ad versa, 99, 114, 146, 169. 
 alternata, 36, no, 155, 186, 
 
 256, 272, O 325, P 341. 
 incoDspicua, 32, 186, 256, 
 
 O 272, O 325, P 341, P 342. 
 infrequens, 32, 186, O 256, O 
 272, 325, P 342. 
 Triopa 
 
 Catalinse, 95. 
 
 Triton 
 
 aiiomalus, 205, 337. 
 caueellatus, 83, O 218. 
 Cheuinitzii, 182, 188, O 235, 
 
 O 238, O 261, O 2O5, O 270, 
 
 P 455, V 209. 
 ciliatu:^, 218. 
 cingulatus, 182. 
 claiuleritiuus, O 292, 338, 
 
 360. 
 constrictus, 1S2, 231, O 270, 
 
 337- 
 crebristiiatus, 2S4, 337, 
 
 S 165. 
 decnssatus, O 270. 
 elegans, 61. 
 
 eximius, 284, O 337. • 
 fusoides, 1S2, O 270, O 337. 
 gibbosus, 1S2, 270, O 337. 
 liguarius, 24, 1S2, O 205, O 
 
 271,0337. 
 liueatus, O 1S2, 188, O 360. 
 nodosus, O 261, P 455. 
 Oregonensis, 83, 119, 210. 
 pagodus, 17S, 1S6, 26S, 
 
 O 292, P 497, P 552. 
 parvus, O 284. 
 perforatus, O 261, 265, P 455, 
 
 V 209. 
 pilearis, 24, 364. 
 pictus, 185, 292, 337, 
 
 O 360, S 166. 
 reticulatus, 183, O 188, 
 
 337, 360. 
 scaber, 10, 179, 347- 
 scalariformis, 182, O 337. 
 sipboiiatus, O 235. 
 Sowerbyi, O 1S8, O 337, 360. 
 tigrinus, 18, 24, O 182,0 211, 
 
 0212,0337. 
 turriiulatus, 188, O 360. 
 vestitus, 110,0 205, O 270, O 
 
 337, 364. 
 . , var. senior, 270. 
 
 Trltonia 
 
 arborescens, 218. — « .■- 
 
112 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Tritonia 
 
 I'iiliuuri, 94. 
 ' Reyuol.isii, 218. 
 
 Tritonidea 
 
 geiiimata, P 516, 
 pagclus, O 231, O 235. 
 riiigeiis, P 518. 
 Baiiguiuoleuta, P 517. 
 Tritonium 
 
 augulosaiu, 60. 
 
 antiquum, 19, 69, 217, O 220, 
 
 O 223. 
 Baerii, 19, 217, 223. 
 BehringiauuiD, 220. 
 Beliringii, 19, O 217, O 223. 
 canci'Uatuui, 20, O 218, O 223. 
 caAuatuni, 60, 
 cassidariseforme, 70, 
 Chetnuitzii, O 177. 
 clathratuni, 20, O 217, O 223. 
 coiuinune, O 220. 
 coiitrarium, 217, 220, O 
 
 223. 
 decemcostatum, 20, 83, 217, 
 
 O 223. 
 decussatum, O 171. 
 deforme, O 217. 
 fornicatum, O 220. 
 gracile, 217. 
 hsmastoma, 171. 
 Islaudicum, O 217. 
 intertextum, O 188. 
 lignarium. 238, P 544. 
 luridum, 19, 217, 223. 
 macrodon, O 171. 
 MediterraneuiUjO 188. 
 Miircbianum, 60. 
 nodosum, O 23S, P 544. 
 Norvegicura, 217, O 220, 
 
 223. 
 Ochoteuse, 19, 218, 221, O 
 
 223. 
 ooides. 19, O 218, 223. 
 Oregoneiise, 69. 
 ovoides, O 221. 
 ovum, 223. 
 
 Tritonium 
 
 reticulatnm, O 188. 
 
 Rombergi, 60. 
 
 rutilum, 60. 
 
 Babinii, 217, 
 
 scabrum, 20, 218, O 224. 
 
 acalariforme, O 238, P 544. 
 
 Schantaricum, O 217, O 220, 
 
 O 221, 223. 
 simplex, 19, O 218, O 221, O 
 
 223. 
 Sitchense, 18, 19, 217, O 223. 
 teuebroium, O 217, O 218, O 
 
 221, U 223, 
 
 nndatum, 19, O 217, O 221, 
 
 223. 
 verrucosum, O 263, P 517. 
 Triumphis 
 
 di^itorta, 28S, 
 Trivia 
 
 Californica, 23, 27, 143, 151, 
 
 O 328, 349. 
 far. fusca, O 25S, 32S, O 360, 
 
 P 378, P 545. 
 Maugeiise, O 328, 360. 
 Paciflca, 24, 27, loi, 109, O 
 
 328, 360. 
 pediculus, O 364. 
 pnlla, 24, O 258, 328, 360, 
 
 P379- 
 pustulata, 24, 27, 109, 258, 
 
 282, 328, P 375, P 545. 
 radians, 27, 109, O 25S, 282, 
 
 328, P 376, P 377. 
 rubescens, O 328, 360, P 378. 
 saiiguinea, 27, loi, 109, 258, 
 
 O 328, P 379, P 545- 
 Solandri, 27, 99, 109, 143, 151, 
 O 192, O 258, 328, P 376, 
 
 P377. 
 subrostrata, O 258, O 328, O 
 
 364, P 379, P 545- 
 Buffusa, 192, 328, 360, 
 
 O 364, P 379- 
 Trochatella 
 
 conica, O 239, P 545. 
 
INDEX or SPECIES. 
 
 113 
 
 Trochatella 
 
 Laiuarckii, 239, P 266, P 545. 
 niaujillaris, O lyo. 
 trochiforulia, O 190, P 265. 
 TrochiscuB 
 
 couvexus, 23, 138, 2S2. 
 Norrisii, 2^, 27, 138, 151, 
 
 177, O 200, 235, O 321, 
 
 349, V 224. 
 Trochita 
 
 aspera, 52. 
 
 comigata, 52. 
 
 coatellata, 82. 
 
 Diegoana, 76. 
 
 radians, 28, 179, P 264, P 265. 
 
 Bolida, 52. 
 
 spirata, 28, 52, 240, O 323, 
 
 P26S. 
 
 , far. 28. 
 
 Bubreflexa, 52. 
 
 ventricosa, 76, 254, 323, 
 
 P 264. 
 Trochna 
 
 augulatus, P 352. 
 
 annulatus, 3, 4, 5. 
 
 amictus, O 203, O 253, P 229. 
 
 Antonii, P 233. 
 
 ——— var. O 230, 
 
 ater, 19, 216, 224, 230, 
 
 O 235. 
 anreotinctus, 233, 240, V 
 
 224. 
 auripigmentum, 54. 
 balaenarum, 10, O 204, P 230. 
 Belcheri, O 296. 
 Brazilianus, O 253, P 234. 
 brevispinosus, 204, 253, P 
 
 227. 
 brunneus, 233. 
 Buschii, O 229, P 227. 
 Bjronianus, 179, 229, 
 
 253, P 234. 
 cselatus, 4, 5. 
 Californianus, O 199. 
 Californicus, 35, 233. 
 callichrons, 296, 
 8 
 
 TrochuB 
 
 callicoccus, 296. 
 caljrptraeformis, P 552. 
 caualiculatus, 3, 4, 5. 
 castaneus, O 200, 240, 286, 
 
 V 224. 
 
 cateniferua, O200, 233, 240, 
 
 V 224. 
 
 catenulatns, 191, O 238, 274, 
 
 P 352, P 542. 
 conulus, O 163. 
 coronulatus, i^i, 274. 
 costatus, 3, 84. 
 decarinatus, 6. 
 diadematus, 14. 
 digitatus, 53. 
 
 disculus, 225, O 274, P 535, 
 doliarius, 4, 5, 8, O 200, 230, 
 
 O 233, 234, V 224. 
 dorsuosus, O 274. 
 erytbropbthalmus, 253, 
 
 296, P 227. 
 eurjomphalus, 19, 216, 224. 
 eximius, O 253, P 232, 
 filosus, 19, 84, 179, 200, 
 
 O 209, 230, O 234, 349, 
 
 O351, V 224. 
 Fokkesii, 19, 224, P 223. 
 gallinus, 200, 230, 235, 
 
 O 240, V 224. 
 gibberosus, 53. 
 gigas, S3. 
 glomus, 238, 253, P 236, 
 
 P542. 
 Hillii, 240. 
 iusequalis, 3, 4. 
 inermis, 229, 293, 296. 
 in-fauce-nigerrimns, 28. 
 Japonicus, 53. 
 Leanus, 36, 191,0 274. 
 ligatus, 84, 2CX), O 209, 230, 
 
 O 286, V 224. 
 ligulatus, 238, P 235, P 542. 
 lima, 14, 36, 191, 272, O 274, 
 lividus, 36, 192, O274. 
 laridus, 200, V 224. 
 
114 
 
 INDEX OF SIECIES. 
 
 Trochus 
 
 MaoAudreje, O 253, 284, P 
 
 232. 
 magus, P 235. 
 iiiarcidus, 21, O 227, U 204. 
 melanostoiDa, 28. 
 Melchersi, O 238, 253, P 227, 
 
 P541. 
 metaformis, 296. 
 iiiimitus, O 238, O 253, P 233, 
 
 P 541. 
 modestus, 18, 19, 84, 223. 
 moeitus, 19, 79, O 212, O 216, 
 
 O 224, O 230, 234, O 265, 
 
 O 284, O 352. 
 Montereyi, O 227, 233, U 
 
 204. 
 neritoides, 296. 
 Norrisii, 230. 
 Novae-Zelandiae, 4. 
 nucleus, 296. 
 olivaceus, 29, O 179, O 233, O 
 
 23S, O 253, O 296, P 227, P 
 
 541. 
 pallidus, O 2CX), V 224. 
 Paiiameusis, 192, 229, O 274, 
 
 O295. 
 pellis-serpentis, 10, 60, 192, O 
 
 179, 274. 
 pellucidus, 14. 
 perlatus, P 352. 
 perspectiviuucalus, 238, P 
 
 407. 
 Pfeifffri, 233, U 204. 
 pica, U 204. 
 picoides, O 228, 229, O 362, 
 
 U 204. 
 pulligo, 4. 
 pupillus, 18. 
 purpuratus, O 240. 
 pyriformis, O 228, O 233, U 
 
 204. 
 radiatns, 61. 
 reticulatus, 36, 192, 229, O 
 
 253, 270, P 234. 
 rabiginosus, 14. 
 
 Trochus 
 
 SJL-liaiitaricUB, S4, O 216, O 220, 
 
 O 223. 
 solaria, 61. 
 sU'Uaris, O 238, O 253, P 230, 
 
 PS4i. 
 
 Btriatulus, O 233. 
 
 stiigilatus, 10, 60, O 274. 
 
 Buavia, O 296. 
 
 undatu:), 10 
 
 undo;^us, 10, S3, O 179, P 230, 
 
 V 224. 
 unguis, 53,0 179, P 229. 
 uuidetis, P 352. 
 variegatus, 238, P 407. 
 versicolor, 238, O 253, 2S6, 
 
 P 231, P 541. 
 
 virgiiieus, 4, 5, O 200, 213, 
 
 233, O 234, 286, V 224. 
 viridulus, O 274, O 283. 
 vittaturf, 119. 
 Trophon 
 
 Eamffii, O 217. 
 Barvicensis, 324. 
 caualiculatus, O 217. 
 caiicellinus, O 343. 
 clathratus, 20, 71, 173, 
 
 217, 0223,0343- 
 corrugatus, 343, 348. 
 crassilabrum, O 226. 
 crassus, 73. 
 Fabricii, 17. 
 fimbriatuUis, 25, 324. 
 Gunner! , 149, O 217. 
 Hindsii, O 205, O 343. 
 incoinptus, 73. 
 labiosus, 296. 
 lamellosus, 347. 
 Magellanit'us, 93, 170. 
 multicostatus, 6, 49, 89, 149, 
 
 169, 170. 
 muricatus, 205. 
 muriciformis, O 293. 
 Orpheus, 17, 92, 149, 322, 
 
 343, O 348. 
 tenuisculptus, 25, 322, 324. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 116 
 
 Trophon 
 
 triaiiguliitns, 99, 149. 
 Truncaria 
 
 corrugata, 25, 148. 
 
 eurytoides, 104, 220, 
 
 uiotlesta, 25, iSo, O 231, O 270, 
 
 O 342. 
 Truncataila 
 
 as.iimiuea, O 275. 
 
 Bairdiaua, 154, 194, 275, 
 
 326. 
 Californica, 60, 100, 143, 156. 
 dubiosa, 37, 194, 275, 326. 
 gracilenta, 156. 
 Montagui, P 363, P 364. 
 Turbinella 
 
 acuniiuata, 48, 271, O 292. 
 ardeola, 171, 261, 33S, 
 
 P456. 
 armata, 182. 
 caestus, 27, 1S3, 171,0 238, 
 
 O 261,0 271,0 338, P 456, 
 
 P 458, P 544. 
 callosa, 269. 
 castanea, 183, 177, 271, 
 
 292. 
 cerata, 61, 183, O 177, 271, 
 
 O 292, 294, P 457. 
 cingulata, 294, P 457. 
 muricata, P 456. 
 iiodata, O 1 88. 
 rigida, 10, 177. 
 rudi.«, 183, 271. 
 spadicea, 183, 271. 
 tectum, O 292. 
 tubercularis, 61, O 294. 
 tuberculata, 182. 
 varicosa, 10, 188. 
 Turbo 
 
 bicarinatus, 61, 174. 
 
 Buschii, 36, 192, 274. 
 
 carnews, 216. 
 
 cinereus, 216. --' 
 
 coccinens, 3. 
 
 digitatus, 203, 253, P 229. 
 
 eximius, 31. 
 
 Turbo 
 
 lluctnatU3, 192, 253, P 223. 
 
 , vur. O 293, Q 234. 
 
 , rar. dfpressus, Q 234. 
 
 fluctuosus, O 179, t> 233i <^ -36, 
 
 o 237, p 223, V 536, P 541. 
 
 Fokkfsii, 19, ('O, 216, 233, 
 0253,0351, P223. 
 
 funiculosiis, 288, 293, P 
 223. 
 
 margarita, 216. 
 
 marginatus, 49, O 200, 291. 
 
 nioDstus, 49. 
 
 luuriaticus, O 220. 
 
 pj'Uis-'serpenlis, 170. 
 
 petbolatu:*, 63. 
 
 phasianella, 31, 36, 63, 192, 
 214,0274. 
 
 pulcher, 48. 
 
 pustulatus, 230. 
 
 rotelliformis, O 2cx). 
 
 rutilus, 37, 192, O 274, 320. 
 
 sanguineus, 3. 
 
 sasosus, 10, 192, 179, 1S6, 
 O 230, 274. 
 
 sqnamiger, 187,0 230, O 360. 
 
 vur. stiinlatu-i, 36. 
 
 tess«llatus, O 230, 291. 
 
 wlvje, 220, P 361. 
 
 unguis, P 229. 
 
 variegatus, 36, 
 
 ventrosus, 220. 
 Turbo nilla 
 
 asp«ra, 118, 323. 
 Turris 
 
 fuiiicnlata, P 390. 
 Turritella 
 
 altilira, So. 
 
 Baiiksii, 36, 154, 1S6, 256, 
 O 272, 291, O 325, P 330. 
 
 biseriata, 77. 
 
 Broderipiana, O 190, O 256, P 
 
 330- 
 Californica, P 330. 
 
 Cooperi, 98, 141. 
 
 Cumingii, 256, O 291, P 332. 
 
116 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Turritella 
 
 Cuiuiugii, var. loS. 
 
 erosa, 71. 
 1 Eschrkhtii, 17, 19, 84, 310, 
 
 223, O 325. 
 
 fascialis, O 187, 325. 
 
 Gatunensis, 80. 
 
 goniostoma, 24, 27, 36, 153, 186, 
 170, 190, 192, 230, 
 237, O 256, 291, 325, 
 
 O 364, P 330, P 359, P 540. 
 
 var. O 291. 
 
 Hookeri, O 256, P 330, P 540. 
 imbricata, 235, O 256, 364, 
 
 P 332, P 536. 
 Inezana, 82. 
 Jewettii, 25, 141, 323. 
 laevis, O 325. 
 lentiginosa, 256, 291, O 
 
 325, P 330. 
 lineata, 75. 
 leucostoma, 153, 154, 170, 
 
 256, P 332. 
 meta, 364, P 330. 
 nodiilosa, O 187, O 325. 
 obruta, 75. 
 papillosa, O 187. 
 punctata, 152. 
 rubescens, O 1S7. 
 sanguinea, 108, 141,323,0 178, 
 
 O 291, 297. 
 tigrina, 27, 108, 153, 235, O 
 
 237, <^ 256, 272, 293, 
 
 364, P 332, P 540. 
 
 rar. 291. 
 
 Uvasana, 75. 
 variata, 82. 
 Turtonia 
 
 niiuuta, 71, 
 Tyleria 
 
 fragilis, O 245, 300, P 25, P 
 
 531, P 547- 
 Tympanotonus 
 
 Gallapagiuis, P 338. 
 Typhis 
 
 fimbriatus, 287, 345. 
 
 Typhis 
 
 grandis, 2S7, 297, 345. 
 quadratus, O 205, O 345. 
 
 Umbrella 
 
 ovalis, 52, 284, 313, S 
 
 i6i. 
 Ungulina 
 
 luticola, 15. 
 Unio 
 
 Aztecorum, O 205, 
 
 batavus, O 222. 
 
 cyrenoides, O 295, 309. 
 
 Dahuricus, O 222. 
 
 faiuelicus, 163, 210, 213, 
 
 O 309. 
 Liebmanni, 295. 
 lateolus, 116. 
 niargaritifera, O 222. 
 Mexlcanus, O 295. 
 Mongolicua, O 222. 
 nuculinus, 295, 309. 
 Oregoneiisis, 164. 
 pictoium, O 222. 
 Uvanilla 
 
 BusL-hii, 36, 320. 
 
 iuermis, 24, 36, 192, 233, 
 
 274, 320, P 229. 
 olivacea, 27, 36, 108, 192, 204, 
 
 O 23s, O 253, 282, O 320, 
 
 P 227, P 229, P 231, P 530. 
 unguis, 108, 256, 203, 253, 
 
 O 282, O 320, P 229, P 309. 
 variegatus, O 253. 
 Uzita 
 
 nodnlifera, P 496. 
 versicolor, P 499. 
 
 Valvata 
 
 obtusa, 215. 
 pisciualis, 222. 
 sincera, 162. 
 tricarinata, 163. 
 virens, 162. 
 Vanicoro (see Narica) 
 
 cryptophila, O 254, P 262, 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 lit 
 
 Vasum 
 
 caestus, P 456- 
 Velutina 
 
 coriacea, O 216, 223, 337. 
 cryptospira, 20, O 216, O 220. 
 haliotoidea, 7". 16, 223. 
 Kaintschatkana, 147. 
 laevigata, 14, 89, 147, '69, 
 
 216. 
 Miilleri, 14, 203, 216. 
 prolongata, 114, I47, 245- 
 Sitcheasis, O 286, 337. 
 spongiosa, O 223, 337. 
 zonata, 71. 
 
 Venericardia 
 
 borealis, 17, 97, 12S, 165, 168, 
 
 170. 
 crassa, 106. 
 crassicostata, 10. 
 latico^Jtata, 23. 
 radiata, 23. 
 
 ventricosa, 25, 97, 118, 128. 
 Venerupia 
 
 Cordieri, 86, 196. 
 
 tar. V 214. 
 
 cylindracea, 45. 
 foliacea, O 281. 
 gigantea, 14, 20, 86, 196, 
 
 203, O 219, 223. 
 •Nuttallii, 74- 
 paupercula, 289. 
 Petitii, 86, O 203, 219, O 223, 
 
 232. 
 Venua 
 
 Adamsii, 57, 70. 
 
 amathusia, 38, 201, O 229, 
 
 232, O 234, 247, O 278, 
 
 282, O 289, O 306, 358, P 
 
 72, V 217. 
 ampliata, 18, O 213, 305, 
 
 348. 
 angustifrons, 367. 
 
 asperritna, 55, 56. 
 
 astartoides, 7c, 88, 219, 221, 
 
 223, 305. 
 
 Venus 
 
 biliiieata, 57. 
 biradiata, O 178. 
 bisecta, O 367. 
 breviliiieata, O 367. 
 calcarea, 18, 210, 305, 348. 
 Californiana, 12, 55, 56, 351. 
 Californica, O 232, O 285. 
 Californieusis, I3, 40, 56, 191, 
 
 232, O 234, O 2S5, 305, 
 
 352, V 216. 
 
 car. 285. 
 
 callosa, 56, 57, 232, V 216. 
 cancellata, 236, 364, P 72, 
 
 P So, P 539. 
 cardioides, 55, 56, 57. 
 casina, 55- 
 cingulata, 55, 185. 
 circinata, O 363, P 69. 
 Coluuibiensis, 185, 232, O 
 
 247, O 2S2, 306, 352, P 
 
 75- 
 compta, 55, 56, 57, 232. 
 Cortezi, 56. 
 crassa, 55- 
 crenata, 55- 
 crenifera, 55, 185, 208, O 
 
 247, O 306, 364, p 74. 
 crenulata, 55, 56. 
 Cuvieri, 14- 
 cycloidea, 39, P 60. 
 Cypria, 57. 
 deuorata, 176, 
 decussata, var. P 32. 
 dione, O 266. 
 discors, 38, 55, 201, 185, 
 
 229, O 247, 278, O 2S4, P 
 
 79. 
 dispar, 102, 196, O 283, 305, 
 
 O351, V 215. 
 
 distaus, O 247, 296, 306, P 
 
 . 74. 
 elevata, P 74- 
 encausta, 289. 
 entocapta, 247, P 77- 
 
113 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Venus 
 
 excavata, 56, 305, 351, V 
 
 216. 
 exiiuia, 55. 
 fluctilraga, 56, 57, 78, 232, 
 
 O 284,0 351, O 352.. 
 fluctuosa, 70. 
 
 fuscolineata, 30, O 185, 306. 
 gibbosula, 56, 57. 
 guidia, 47, 57, 201, 161, 175, 
 
 O 229, O 232, O 234, O 241, 
 • 247, 279, 306, O 358, 
 
 P71, V215. 
 gran 111 ata, 55. 
 
 grata, 55, 229, 284, P 77. 
 Guiiieeiisis, P 69. 
 liistrioiiica, 86, 185, P 76. 
 interseeta, 56, 
 Kellettii, 207, 306. 
 Keniierlfji, 39, 55, 86, 88, 127. 
 Lamarckii, 56. 
 lamellifera, 86, 196, 232, 
 
 367, V 214. 
 laticostata, 14. 
 
 leiicodon, 40, 55, 285, V 216. 
 var. lilacina, 56. 
 Listeri, var. 55. 
 lupinaria, P 67. 
 maxima, 86. 
 mereenaria, 18, 210. 
 multifostata, 14, 55, 201, 1S5, 
 
 27S. 
 munduUis, 12, 56, 304. 
 muscaria, 57. 
 neglecta, 55, 56, <;7, 161, 
 
 170, O 178, 191, O 208, O 
 
 247, O 306, O 364, P 77. 
 Nuttallii, 12, 56, 57, 78,0 232, 
 
 0284,0 305,0349,0351,0 
 
 352, V 216. 
 oniatissima, 57, 185, 306. 
 Pajaroana, 81. 
 paphia, 57, 61. 
 pectorina, 55. 
 peotnnculoides, 14, 201, 203, 
 
 O278. 
 
 Venus 
 
 perdix, 203. 
 
 Pinacatensis, 55. 
 
 plamilata, O 191, P 59. 
 
 Portesiana, 55, O 247, P 74. 
 
 pulicaria, 55, 56, 1S5, 305. 
 
 punctata, P 97. 
 
 radiata, 6, 14, P 74. 
 
 reticulata, O 232, 305, 352. 
 
 rhysomia, 118. 
 
 rigida, 12, 17, 18, 57, 70, 86, 
 
 210, 2S4, 305. 
 ruderata, 12, 17, 56, 304. 
 simillinia, 55, 56, 232, 289, 
 
 O 305, V 216. 
 SolangensiSjO 191, 246, P 54. 
 staminea, "I 57, 86, O 196, O 
 stramiuea, / 232, 234, O 284, 
 
 352, V 215. 
 
 ■ var. O 232. 
 
 Stimpsoni, 73. 
 
 Stutehlmryi, 56. 
 
 subimbricata, 57, '• 185. 
 
 subrostrata, 56. 
 
 subrngosa, 47, 201, 178, 
 
 27S. 
 subsulcata, O 278. 
 succincta, 7, 12, 55, 56, 78, 
 
 170, P72, P549. 
 sugillata, 55, 201. 
 sulcata, O 221. 
 tantilla, 227, U 201. 
 Thouarsii, 14, O 27S. 
 tigerina, P 96. 
 toreuma, loi. 
 tricolor, 55, 247, P 77. 
 tnmida, 304. 
 undatella, 57, 247, O 285, 
 
 305, P 75- 
 Vermetus 
 
 anellum, 43. 
 
 centiquadrus, 43, 204, P 302, 
 
 P303. 
 contortus, 43. 
 cnrrodens, 43. 
 eburneus, 24, 32, 37, 42, 194, O 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 119 
 
 Vermetus 
 
 175, 185, 255, 324, O 
 
 367, P 304. 
 eflFusus, 42, 
 glomeratus, 32, 37, 194, 235, 
 
 O 237, O 255, 275, P 305, 
 
 P 306, P 536, P 540. 
 Hindsii, 42, P 304. 
 lumbricalis, 42, P 301, P 306. 
 iiiacrophragnia, 43. 
 niargaritaniiii, O 204. 
 niargaritifera, 43. 
 Pauamensis, 37, 43, I94, 237, 
 
 O 255, O 275, P 306, P 540. 
 pellucidus, 175,0 255, P 304. 
 Perouii, 43, 204, 255, 324, 
 
 P302. 
 tulipa, 43. 
 varians, 43, W 315. 
 Vermiculus 
 
 ceutiquadrus, 42. 
 eburneus, 42. 
 efTusus, 42. 
 iuuurvatus, X 436. 
 pellucidus, 42. 
 Vertagns (see Rhinoclavis) 
 fragiaria, O 325. 
 gemmatus, 170, 230, 256, 
 
 325, P 339- 
 Verticordia 
 
 iiovemcostata, 131, 168, 170. 
 
 ornata, 98, 131, 170. 
 Vexilla 
 
 fus' liueata, 102. 
 Vitrina 
 
 diaphana, 118. 
 
 pellucida, O 222. 
 
 Pfeifferi, 118, 157. 
 Vitrinella 
 
 aunulata, O 253, P 245. 
 
 bifilata, 253, 321, P 241. 
 
 bifrontia, O 253,0 321, P 242, 
 
 P 245. 
 carinulata, 191, 253, 321, 
 P 246. 
 
 Vitrinella 
 
 ciucta, 253, 321, P 245, P 
 
 246. 
 clathrata, 357, P 23S. 
 conciima, 190, O 273, O 322. 
 corouata, O 253, 321, P 244. 
 decussata, O 253, 321, P 239, 
 
 P 240. 
 exigua, 190, O 253, 273, O 322. 
 interrupta, P 237. 
 Janus, 190, O 273, 322, 
 lirulata, 253, O 321, P 241. 
 luegastoma, P 237. 
 iniuuta, 36, 190, 273, P 237. 
 inodesta, 190, O 273, O 322. 
 monile, 253, 321, P 240. 
 monilifera, O 253, O 321, P 240, 
 
 P 241. 
 naticoides, O 253, 321, P 246. 
 orbis, 253, O 322, P 247. 
 ornata, 34, 25S. 
 Pauamensis, io8, 191, O 253, O 
 
 273, t) 322, P 238, P 239. 
 parva, 191, O 253, 273, 322, 
 
 O 357, P 23S. 
 perparva, 191, 273, 322, P 
 
 243- 
 i-ar. nodosa, 253, P 
 
 243- 
 planospirata, 253, O 322, P 
 
 246. 
 regularis, 36, ^91,0 273, O 222. 
 seminuda, 191 O 274, O 322. 
 spiruloides, T 169, 
 subquadrata, O 253, 321, P 
 
 241. 
 tenuiscnlpla, 34, 258. 
 tincta, P 237. 
 trioarinata, 191, 256, 274, 
 
 322, P 244. 
 triponata, P 244. 
 valvatoides, 36, 191, 274, 
 
 322, P 237. 
 Vitta 
 
 picta, O 4, P 259. 
 
 28 
 
120 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 Vitularia 
 
 as|)era, 90. 
 Belclieri, O 340. 
 * lactuca, ()2. 
 
 salebrosa, 13, 25, 34, 151, 15.-'. 
 1S2, 177, 201^ 235, O 
 262, O 282, 340, 361, O 
 366, 1> 485. 
 vitntina, 366. 
 Volsella 
 
 splendida, 41. 
 VoRita 
 
 Barnesii, 40. 
 
 caerulea, 178, 268. 
 
 coffea, P 178. 
 
 Cumingii, 181, O 292, 339. 
 
 dama, 177, 17S, P 471. 
 
 harpa, to, 40, 17S, 188, O 
 
 231, O 339. 
 incrassata, 9, 261, 292, P 
 
 464. 
 lens, 10, O 1S5. 
 nucleus, 10. 
 nux, lo. 
 
 ocellata, O 262, P 487. 
 plumbea, 7. 
 
 tenebrosa, 10, 262, 26S, P 
 468. 
 Volutella 
 
 uiargaritula, 39, no, 147, 316. 
 pyriformis, 147, 316. 
 Volutharpa 
 
 ampullacea, 70. 
 Volutilithes 
 
 Californiana, 75. 
 Sayana, 75. 
 Volvarina 
 
 fusca, 24, 154. 
 serrata, 23, 24. 
 
 Taria, 23, 24, 100, iii, 112, 
 147- 
 Volvula 
 
 cylhidriea, 23, 133, 2S1. 
 Vulsella 
 
 Kuttalli, 193. 
 
 Vtraldbeimia 
 
 Californica, 99, 122, 169, 250, 
 
 O 298. 
 Coreanica, ) 20, 72, 113, 122, 
 Koreaiiica, ) 169. 
 dilatata, 54. 
 
 globosa, 54, 99, 122, 250. 
 Grayi, 70, 97, 122, 169. 
 piilvinata, 18, 122, 166. 
 trausversa, 72, 
 
 Xylotrya 
 
 fimbriata, 122, 168. 
 palniiilata, 122. 
 pennatilera, 113, 122, 168. 
 
 Yoldia 
 
 amygdala, 89, 131. 
 arctica, 131. 
 hyperborea, 71. 
 lanceolata, 89, 131, 169. 
 limatula, 71. 
 myalis, 71. 
 thraciaeformis, 70. 
 
 Zaphon 
 
 elegans, 17. 
 Zebra 
 
 Mulleri, 59. 
 Zemira 
 
 Kelletii, 40. 
 Zierliana 
 
 solitaria, 177. 
 Zirphaea 
 
 crispata, 88, 97, 123, 16S. 
 Ziziphinua {see Calliostoma) 
 
 annulatus, 5, 200, 2S6, V 224. 
 
 Antouii, 53, 272, 320, 
 
 Californicus, 40, 53, O 253, O 
 2S6, P 231. 
 
 canaliculatus, 5. 
 
 exiinius, 53. 
 
 filosus, 192, 2S6, 320. 
 
 Leanus, 321. 
 
 lima, 321. 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 121 
 
 Ziziphinus 
 
 luridu?, 5J. 
 
 M'Andreae, O 2S4, 321. 
 Pananiensis. 321. 
 versicolor, 320. 
 
 Zonites 
 
 cultellata, 159. 
 electrina, 92. 
 excavata, 92.