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MICIOCOPY RtSOlUTION TBT CHART 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) 
 
 ^ /\PPUEn MAGE. In 
 
 :^r'- '65-5 East MO'n S(r«i 
 
 S!^S Rocheatef, Ne* Vo'ii '4609 u^ 
 
 '-^ (^16) *82 - 0300 - Phon*. 
 
 ^S (^16) 288 - 3989 - fa. 
 
DOMINION DEPABTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
 SEED BRANCH. 
 
 PAMPHLET Ho. 1. 
 
 January. 1918. 
 
 CLEANING SEED. 
 
 I„«,l rT'^ '^ t a)m should bo to produce n sample containing only the 
 larger and plumper kernels of the kind of crop desired. To produce a sample of this 
 kind :t 18 necessary to remove impurities such as straws, chnff. dirt und other inert 
 matter, weed seeds, seeds of crops other than the kind desired, and uny small, shrunken 
 immature and otherwise inferior kernels of the kind being cleaned 
 
 Improper cleaning of sved is in most cases due to lack of the nocessarv riddles 
 and screens, or to the mill not being properly regulated. Any good fanning mill 
 in which thorough control over the air blast is obtaini-d, and i„ which a series of four 
 or more riddles and screens* may be adjusted at will, may l.e fitted and operated to 
 do fairly good work. ' 
 
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 
 
 Impossible to give ')efinUe Directions. 
 
 It is impossible to give instruction 'or fitting and operating a mill which will 
 apply in all cases, as different samr'c: z. the same kind of seed may re<,uire different 
 treatment, even in the same mill. On the other hand, the same sample of seed would 
 require different combinations of sieves in different : .s, depending on the length 
 and slope of the sieves, the direction and violence of rhe shake, the strength of the 
 air blast and the way m which it strikes the seed, and the rate at which the grain 
 IS passed over the sieves. The operator will have to depend on his own judgment 
 and mgenu.ty in fitting a mill for doing the best work on any particular lot of sel 
 iyen the directions furnished by the manufacturers of the mill should not be followed 
 blindly. T..ese directions are for cleaning the average lot and eai.mt be correct for 
 every lot of grain of the same kind. Only general principles can be laid down for 
 tne guidance of fanning mill operators. 
 
 Importance of the Air Blast. 
 
 fT.« IVk! "'■■ ^^'^ /" .\^"""'"K ""1 '« '"*'^"dcHl to remove as much as possible of 
 the hghter material without unnecessary waste of plump . ed; it is not strong enough 
 unless a few t;ocd seeds are being blown out with the chaff. This is the only wav of 
 taking out some impuritie. which, on account of theiv size, cannot be separated by 
 sieves. The work of the air blast is of double importance on account of the fact that 
 the removal of the light m aterial as..-ts the sieves by (1) removing port of the grain 
 
 ..eve* Ve'^r-a ':i^r^tJi^^^^s^-^ii^T^^ 
 p I 
 
t- JS ♦^ "O « 
 
 ^ S 4> _ 
 
 i» O ST — ■ 
 
 £ ctf »• a> ttf 
 CAS bo 
 
th«t would othcrwi«. have to go through them: (2) prevent. ng them f rom bccom ng 
 cic.1 by this liKht material. In «om.. milU thi* faet in taken .nto acoount when the 
 ,ir blast i. inorc....ecJ. by automatically de.Tea.in» the .hake of the Meve.. 
 
 The air blart i-i a very important feature of a fanninit mill, and it will pay to 
 take pain- to experiment to find out ju.t what ean be done with it. It >« often adv..ablo 
 to run seed through th. mill rapidly at «Jr»t to take out dirt and ehaff by means of the 
 air blast, and then to elean it more slowly onee or twiee. using both sieves and air 
 blast. 
 
 Full Equipmen'i of Sievm Xennnary. 
 
 It is most important t.. have a full equipment ui both wire and perforated zinc 
 riddles and screens of all sizes made for small seeds. The want of any ';«»»'«"«« "'«f 
 entail a waste of good seed or other loss many times greater than the total cost of 
 the full equipment of sieves. , . , , , i -.i. .i. 
 
 Before i.tting the mill for cleaning, trials by hand should be made with the 
 .ieves arranged in serie* one over the other. It mu,t be remembered. howe;-er. that 
 the rwults in the mill will not necessarily correspond to the work done by the same 
 sieve used in the hand. It is only by actual trial in the mill that one can decide 
 linally what sieve is best for the sample in question. 
 
 ]\'iiat lliv. Toi> Sifi-f ArromiilinlK'n. 
 
 The riddle or top sieve should be just large enough to let the seed through and hold 
 back tl^- larger impurities. When weed seeds similar in size to the seeds in which 
 thev occur are very prevalent, their separation caniu.t be satisfactorily accomplished. 
 Li cleaning such seed regulate the slant of the riddle, amount of shako and size 
 
 the opening in the hopper so that the sample will travel s owly and as much ns 
 
 1 ible onle seed will find its way through the riddle. Impurities larger than plump 
 swdw^ll travel the length of the sieve mid full behind. Do not give the riJ.lle so 
 
 mich .hike or h. e it at such a pitch that much of the seed nins off with the wee<l 
 Teed?. Som."nies It is n....es.,ry to put small blocks ' .ood under the back of the 
 mill to reduce the slant of the riddle. 
 
 The Work- of thr Loivi-r Slii-e. 
 
 The xcreon or lower sieve should be just large enough not to let the good seed 
 through iTno large enough unless small kernels of the kind of seed being cleaned 
 
 are taken out along with the weed seeds. Lower sieves are usually made of woven 
 wire. 
 
 Seed should Travel Slowly orer Sieveii. 
 
 Usually when grain contains a large number of impurities the loP>er it takes to 
 travel over the lower screen the more impurities are removed. We.,! seeds much 
 rmillcr than the grain in which they occur are often not removed when the^operator 
 is attempting to clean too fast and has too much seed on the lower sieve, or has given 
 it too much slant. 
 
 Delivcriny Grain Behind Mill sometimes Advisable. 
 
 More satisfactory work can sometimes bo accomplished in cleaning a lot of seed 
 by arranging the sieves so that the good grain is delivered at the back of the mill 
 or in some place where impurities are usually delivered. 
 
 30801— IJ 
 
SIKVKS- DKScmi'TlOX AND XT'MHKRS. 
 
 FiiniiliiK mill Mi-vi'* lire of two siihtuI typoe, iUosv muilc of iK-rfiiratwl zinc and 
 thoM- iiiikIi' (if woven wire. IVrforutiil I'liw sievinjj \\n* I'ithiT round (flKii. II, III 
 •lul V) i .iijr (ti|{. VIII), or tritinKuhir (««. IX) inrforutions. Thcru ore wiuaro 
 itigi. IV und VI) mill lonB-nn''.li (tijjs. I tind VII) wovrn wpro niovrn. 
 
 Tht> diumctcr of ilu- |H'rfnnitions in r.iuf mv\i'» i* umuuII.v (liven iri ntxty-fourtht 
 of tin imli. For .Xiiniiilo. an "H" hIovi- ummlly mron* one with iK-rforntions %t of 
 (III inch in dinim i r. The ..cxt Minnllcr mid liir(jrr sizrst nrc '.a niid %4, rcniiwtivply, 
 ulthouK'ii liiilf sizis ..oniftinicrt oci-nr. A oiinihir HyHti-ni i* used for the trinnjfulnr nnd 
 ohlonir iM'rfonitiniM. 
 
 The inesli of woven wire i" n.-iunlly expressed hy (jivinir the number of wires to 
 the ineh eiicli wiiy ; thus iiii >< iiy n woven wire is one made of eijrht wires to the inch 
 eui-h way; a ;.' liy 1(» contniiis two wires to the ineh one way ana ten the other. The 
 size of the iiiK'niii!.' will vary v.ith the diameter of tlie wire used. 
 
 Th<> nuinhers wliieh nimiiiraeturers put on the various sieves supplied with their 
 mills often have i,o ri'feri'iiee to the si>:e of t' .. jM-rforation or mesh .if the woven wire 
 of \vhicli the sieve is nnide. For example, a siev whieh a manufaetnrer deniKiiate* 
 ns No. U' may net ho a '-',t perforated zin.' ..r a li' ly li' woven wire. It is not a 
 difficult matter, however, to di terniiiie the size of tlie perforations or mesh of the 
 woven wire cloth liy means of a proper rule. 
 
 CI.EA.VI.XC. RASS A'TD CLOVER SEEDS. 
 
 It mii.sf III' ri'mi'mlivriil tliat tliv nirvrs iiu-ntioni'd hehtw an' not riTommended an 
 the heat or tln' onhi xli'ri'K for draninij tlir iviriot. ■ tipi'ds In (/in xtlon. They are men- 
 tioned as exam/iles of tlie tiipe of xiere most useful for the nirinus purposeit. The 
 si>ec'if\c sieve required for rleaninn anif partieuhr lot of seed depends on a variety of 
 eircuiufitances (Us exitliiiiiid o'lore. 
 
 The se«Hls of many of tlie weeds that jrrow in red and alsike clover nnd timothy 
 und ripen at the same time are of sui-h size that they .ire difficult or imiiosaihle 'o 
 remove hy sieves in an ordiimry fannies' mill. Few fanning: mills are fully equipped 
 with sieves for cleaiiiiiir >niall >icds; indeed, most of tlicm are not designed for this 
 work. However, soil that contains a very larjre numher of sn "" weed seeds or that 
 contains only a few more weed seeds than are permitted in seen .at may he lejrally 
 sold under the Seed Control Act may often he cleaned to (rrade without heavy doekilKC, 
 provided the jiroper sieve is availalle 
 
 If there is a pronerly e(|uipped and operated jiower cleaner within a reiisonnhle 
 distance it will usually pay to have seed cleaned hy it. 
 
 For cleaning' small nuantitics, hand sieves may be found to ho most aatisfnctory 
 and economical. 
 
 Red Clover. 
 
 A sample usually (ontains few weed seeds larger than the clover seed. RaRwecd. 
 if none of the outer liulls lias hecii removed in threshing, .should he separated from 
 the clover hy a 'i.-.-inch perforated zinc riddle (tin- II). Sticks, pieces of straw and 
 anytliing larger than the; clover run over this sieve. 
 
 A long mesh woven wire screen is better than one made of square mesh wire cloth 
 for cleaning red clover seed. Tlie 4 by l'4 (tig. 1) is often employed for this purpose, 
 hut the exact mesh reciuired will depend on the size of the clover seed and the kind 
 of impurities to le removed. A long mesh sieve will hold all the good clover, allowing 
 the smaller impurities t . pass through. This sieve, assisted by the air blast, shoidd 
 take out practically all of the pale plantain, much of the mayweed and lamb's quarters, 
 and many of the ril grass as well as shrunken clover seeds. Besides the 4 by 24 sieve. 
 

 if 
 
 *1 nil 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 1 ''■ ■■' 
 
 iiiiiiiiiiiHnimnmH 
 
 '^*''- /•—^''"^'■J>y twenty-four »ov*n wire Bleve. conialnB four wire, 
 to the Inch one way and twenty-four the other, the type of mre^n 
 used In cltunlnB red clover aeed. Shrunken clover aeeOH rlb- 
 ■raaa. and the Bmaller w.€.d gfedn pa»« throuKh the oblon« 
 openlnm while the plump leed remalna above. 
 
 
 i^fff. //.— One-flfteenth-lneh perforated line sieve— perforation. 
 ' IB-Inch In diameter, used aa a riddle or upper sieve for cleanlnr 
 red clover. 
 
the 4 1..V 2ft, 4 l..y M, 4 l.v ii. tl l.v 21 it l,v •»* . . . 
 
 for ci..a..inK M ..!.,v..;.h..i; .-.^i'!:; s,; ^ i^^ : :;:'r*:r::r^;:' ; '"«- --• 
 
 tho •iiiiiplc. imiiw u|>oii the «ui> of tho iwnin p<)mr>«>»iiiit 
 
 »ujt^ -' -^" o;;;;x.::iv:;;J;.:L::rl; "-' i""" "»'-• ^" «"'""'' -'« 
 
 Vann throu^l, ' ''• ' "' *'"" "'" """'* '-""-i-Wahlo ot tl.e HmHlL-r ..love, t 
 
 "f .-."^r'ill.a^nli.tS:/;:?';::!:.'?''"' "'"' 't"" •"•-'"■•' "- -'^ -" «'••• -•• 
 
 i4 IxU-i: 
 
 do.k.. Tlu. Mt-VO i/u, 1 ' , .' T "'"'■''''• ""■•"'""•' t^-'-uJu tl.i.tl.. ...Ml 
 
 in tho ;:;„;; iri:r:.;r:;::r.:::;:i"r 'V^'t ^" ''>'' "'^'' '•"^•' *'^> "-•' 
 
 ti.0 K.M..r..l .,u..litv „f ho . ,, 1 V "."■^■•■-/"r olcuni..K alsiko. It will i,„,,r.,v.. 
 
 |.ur.o. .....l «„,.!, ,i„il„r . li^ i • "■','""■'^'■•■'1 "-'^'"r-l. I.I....f,.i,.. shoph,.r.r, 
 
 inoh i.i .li.in.ot.T (li;r IM) if ,, ...1 u;.i .• , """' '''*'' l-'-i-f'Tations '•■■.. 
 
 *hako.„iii..,...o,„ 1;, i '• 1. Vi, ;';:;"," "''^^^-'-i- "^ •'iv.. .. .hort nui,.k 
 ^-7'" «•■>-. ^ rt. .,;..,' I;; .:u .:''>•:;■" i":'^'irt';;S ^-i^'" -\'^'«:^r 
 
 "... iJ u..d to lL::z:'i^z^':^,r-ri:x>t S' v':' ;'"^''^*"-' ^"'- ^'-•'^ 
 
 tinu.s u. d „. u rid.no in ..l..a„i„« tim.thv ...d. " ' '" """" "'" ''''' '^ — 
 
 ^^'T'' '''■ '' ^' """•■■"'-' "'''-•t\!:rc^:.^:^i,::T\;:t:.i;;.J-r''""'' 
 
 .;a.^\;r;h--,— ..;;^rzti-- 
 7hoya.ou^dM„^va..d„n.,„.ta.sistodl,yth;!:;^.£ ^""'^ '"^^ "'^"•"^''•■ 
 
 -....oed. .,..h ...".tr^n nid^t;; o ::t™tS : ■;:' ^ s:'*;;;ri^'"^- ^7 -f 
 
 x:s CL;;h :r:::i;-:: ;:.:^''« r- -^ 1^^^- tvo:ii^ 
 ^. .to.,.,.. „h...k ^^^i^^r;^^i^i:^-^^f:;^s:^:^^^ -x 
 
fig. lit. — On«-twrnty-ucon(l-lni'h iH-rforated ilne nlevc — luTforatloiui 
 Via-lnch III dluiiiiU-r. When usi-il an riddle wltli a iihiirt i|Ulck 
 iihitke timothy paii.ifS thniUKh. Ieu%ltn{ C iniida thinth', i-hliory 
 and rvvia Blmilar In ilie above to be run off thi- fiid. SurrrxM In 
 makliiK ci-paratlonM with uny Rieve depciidit on KlvInK It the 
 proper Hlope and movement. HInce thl« Ih one of the llneat riddle* 
 u»ed In Ben» ral il.anlrit. It l» Che mom dltjlrult to operate 
 efjectlvely. 
 
 Fig. I\ .—Twenty-eight by twenty-eight woven wire «leve — made of 
 twenty-elKht wirca to the Inch each way, a useful scret n for 
 removing small weed seeds such as chlckweed, clmiu.foll, 
 plantain, shepherds purse and worm-seed mustard from timothy. 
 When the tlmof-y Is smal a finer screen such an the 30 by .10 
 should be usee' Sometimes screens made of long mesh wire 
 cloth similar to that shown In flB. I, only finer, aie used for 
 timothy seed. The « by 30, 6 by 3C, S by 3s, and S by 40 are 
 used, but the last two or three are too fine lOi' satisfactory 
 work. 
 
CLEAXIXC CKREAL GRAINS AND FI.AX. 
 
 In rlcaninK ccri-ul (irains for seed it is often udvisnblo to remove from one-third 
 to om-hiilf of tho totiil bulk. When jfrain is tlius tlumuiKhly oU-uned, most of the 
 weed seeds will he removed with the sereeninjrs. Some of the weed seeds are difficult 
 to seimrafe, but most of them enn bo removed by « jtood fanning mill if tho proper 
 sieves are at hand and sufficien* cime and pains are taken to determine the best 
 combination of size and slope oi sieves, shake, air blast, and rate at which tho Rruin 
 is passed over tho sieves. 
 
 In cleaninR cereals, especially wheat, attention should be (riven to tho removal 
 of the smut. Unbroken smut bulls are impervious to tho solutions used to destroy 
 smut spores on Mio surface of the kernels. I'nless all smut balls are removed from 
 a lot of wheat, the firain is liable to be reinfected, thus rendering the labour of treating 
 it of no avail, by the breakinR of a few of these smut balls. One smut ball contains 
 millions of spores, enoufrh to infect <iuite a larpe quantity of grain. Bulletin No. 73 
 on "Smut Diseases of Cultivated Plants" says: — 
 
 "' The fanninjr mill will remove smut balls verj- completely from tho wheat, 
 and owiu)? to the daufter ])ointed out, any wheat containin^r smut balls should be 
 sent to the mill before treatiiif? — if none is available at the farm. Should, 
 however, any smut b.dls ai)pear on the surface of the solution when grain is 
 being treated, it is necessary to remove them quickly. The smut balls are 
 much lighter than tho grain, and will rise to the surface when the latter is 
 vigorously and repeatedly stirre<l. We have found, however, that the timo 
 of treatment giv( ii to wheat or other grain is far too short to permit tho 
 removal of all smut bal'.s rising to the surface. Kven when prepared and 
 working <iuick!y, we have not succeeded in scooping off all inut balls that came 
 to the top during treatment, under 10-15 minutes. Tins long exposure of 
 grain will seriously affect the germination." 
 
 Varidus patent devices for making difficult separations, such as wheat from oats, 
 wild oats from barley or wheat, vetch from rye, etc., are on the market, but these 
 oannot be described here; neither can wo go into the various combinations and gangs 
 of sieves recommended by different firms for certain classes of work. 
 
 In cleaning cereals a large mesh woven wire sieve is usually employed as a 
 topmost sieve to take out straws and the larger impurities which otherwise would 
 clog the riddle and interfere with the separation it is intended to make. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 A zinc sieve with perforations about 12. ]:} or 14 sixty-fourths of an inch in 
 diameter is generally used as a riddle. Such impurities as oats will often slide tho 
 length of such a sieve and fall off behind, while wheat tips on end and falls throut'h 
 iho perforations. A number of these riddles with tho same or approximately tlio 
 eame jierforation is often arranged one above another. l?y this means an oat or a 
 wild oat falling through a i)erforation is started sliding again on the sieve below, and 
 is ultimately run off behind. 
 
 Several types and sizes of sieves are used in the lower shoe for cleaning wheat. 
 The 'Jc'h or %i perforated zinc, 7 by 7, 8 by 8. and 9 by 9 square mesh woven wire, 
 and the 2 by 9, 2 by 10, and i' liy 11 long mesh woven wire are all in use. In deciding 
 which sieve to use, the kind of wheat, nature of impurities, and object of tho cleaning 
 — whether for seed or market — must be cotisidered. The buckwheat screen (fig. IX) 
 is sometimes used for the separation of wild buckwheat from wheat. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Tho cleaning of barley requires similar although not identical sieves to those used 
 for wheat. 
 
wmmr^Mzm^mzmzm it: 
 
 Fig. V. — Sievinf; sometimes used r.s a screen for wheat, perforations 
 %4-lneh In diameter. This sieve will hold the plump wheat and 
 permit small weed seeds and shrunken wheat to pass throuKh. 
 A sieve of this kind with larger perforations, about ''!ii4 (approxi- 
 mately i) Inch In diameter, should be used as a riddle or upper 
 sieve for whent. Oats and other Impurities larger than wheat 
 should slide the length of sueh a sieve and fall off behind while 
 the wheat kernels tip on end and fall through. 
 
 Fig. Yl. — The 8 by 8 square mesh sieve. Woven wire sieves arc 
 generally used as screens in cleaninK grain. Two other square 
 mesh screens, the 7 by 7 and 9 by 9. are also used, depending 
 on the sl»e of the grain and nature of Impurities. In preparing 
 grain for seed use a coarser screen than when cleaning for 
 market. 
 
10 
 
 Oats. 
 
 In cleaning oats the most important sieve is the lower one. The size of the 
 opening, its slope and shake should be such as to get everything smaller than the 
 plump outs to pass through. A useful sieve for this purpose is one made of zinc 
 with oblong perforations (see fig. VIII). The size of the slits to be used will vary 
 with tlie kind of oats. A variety with a large k. rnel will of course require a wider 
 slit than one with slim kernels. The ''(i4 by J may be taken us a standard. For veiy 
 liliiiiip oats the A by i is about right. 
 
 Long mesh woven wire screens (fig. VII) are commonly used instead of the per- 
 forated zinc. S(iuare mesh sieves are used also. 
 
 Flax. 
 
 Flax requires on top a woven wire sieve such as the H by IG, 4 by 1(! ,<r 4 l)y 14, 
 or a I'c by i perforated zinc riddle, and a 'is-inch perforated zinc screen below. 
 
 TO GET PROPER SIE\T:s FOR GLEAXING SEED. 
 
 Every farmer who has a fanning mill tliat will not clean his seed with the sieves 
 supplied should send a sample of the seed to the manufacturer, asking him to send a 
 sieve to do the work. Xo mill is equipped with sieves for every kind of cleaning; 
 they are fitted for cleaning the arcragc. lot of seed. The farmer who is willing to pay 
 for a sieve to clean his seed should bo supi)lied with the sieve he needs. 
 
 It is to the interest of the manufacturer to have his mill do satisfactory work, 
 and nearly all of tliem are ready to supply addll «.ual sieves for special work. If you 
 cannot get what you require from the manufacturer, communicate with the Seed 
 Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, and we may be able to help you. 
 
 NEW SIEVES FOR OLD MILLS. 
 
 In most districts in the older settled parts of Canada there arc a great many 
 fanning mills that were bnuglit fifteen or twenty years airo. Many of these are still 
 in good rei)air, but most of the sieves that originally came with them are lost or worn 
 out. Of the firms who built these mills many are out of business; others are now 
 building a mill of an altogether new model, and have not on hand a supply of frames 
 to fit the old ones. Farmers who wish to order sieves for such a mill may use tho 
 following list as a guide in deciding what sieves to order. The list includes the sieves 
 which will be found to be of most general use for the various purposes indicated, but 
 before deciding finally what sieve to buy for cleaning a specific kind of «e(d, read 
 what is said about cleaning that s<vd above. 
 
 The seed laboratories at Ottawa and Calgary ai prepared to examine f-araiiles 
 at any time with a view to advising what sieves to use : id where they may be obtainei. 
 For such examination samples of from eight to twelve ounces should be submitted. 
 Tiie sender should also state the kind of mil' he has. 
 
 lifil clover. — Riddle, M.vinch perforated zinc. Screen, 4 by 24 woven wire for 
 plump seed and for rcnioving ribgrass; 4 by 20 or 2 by 28 for small send; 2il by 20 
 for removing sheep sorrel. 
 
 Ahike. — Riddle, Ms-inch perforated zinc. Screen, 24 by 24 woven wire. 
 
 Timnllni. — Riddle, iA)-inch perforated zinc or 22 by 22 woven wire; %>2-inch if 
 upper shoe of mill can be given a short quick shake: 2S by 28 below for plump seed 
 or for removing worm-seed mustard ; 30 by 30 for smaller seed. 
 
11 
 
 Fig. VII. — Two by ten woven sieving is commonly used In maklntr 
 screens for cleaning grain. The long mesh sieving Is preferred 
 to the square mesh when the grain to be cleaned contains 
 Impurities which are long and narrow, e.g. chess In wheat. The 
 square mesh Is better for vetch and mustard. This type of screen 
 Is often used for oata. 
 
 II 
 
 liiiiiiiuiiiiiiiuiiii 
 iiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiinii 
 
 UlUIIIIII 
 
 Fig. YIII. — A type of perforated zinc screen sometimes used for 
 separating tlie " thm " kernelD of ortts from the plump ones. 
 The exact size required depends on the variety of outs grown 
 and wilt vary somewhat with the season. A screen with 
 perforations 1 Inch long and "tu) inch wide may be taken as a 
 standard. 
 
IS 
 
 W'/«.a<.-fi.di/e»%4-inch perforated zinc. Screen. 2 by 10 woven wire for eheaa; 
 7 by , for wild vetch or wild buckwheat, or buckwheat sieve (fig. IX) for wild buck- 
 wheat. 
 
 Barley.— Riddle, »%4-iuch perforated zinc. Screen, same as for wheat. 
 Oats.— Screen, 2 by 10 wovei, wire, or 9^ by J (fig. VIII) perforated zinc. 
 Flax.— Riddle, 3 by 16 woven wire. Screen, Vw-inch perforated zinc. 
 
 <rf '^^Id h^icin^?',"""**" '« "•*** specially for the separation 
 ™i J .?, buckwheat from grain. It should be used with the 
 r^^pfn "l%"P"t'"-e towards the upper end of the screen. I? 
 a screen of this type Is given a short, quick shake from side to 
 ^Irfn?.",?" ^'IVcI^^heat s. IS will fall throuRh the trlangSla? 
 o^^^»^^ i°"^- Screens of th.a kind are usually made of zinc 
 containing perforations %, Inch to the side, but larger perfora- 
 tions w-ould probably be preferable for many samples on account 
 of the larger s!ie of the wild buckwheat seeds. 
 
 CARE OF MILL. 
 
 A fanning mill, and especially the sieves, should not be stored where moisture will 
 collect on them. Many granaries are damp and sieves stored in them soon rust out. 
 A good plan is to have a box in which the sieves can be put when not in use. If 
 httod side by side in such a case sieves can be easily got at without handling over 
 the whole collection. Numbers plainly marked on the upper or outer edge of the 
 fvamo make it easy to find any sieve retiuired. It pays to take care of machines and 
 other equipment of the farm, and the fanning mill and its appliances are no excep- 
 tion to the rule. 
 
1.1 
 
 HINTS FOR THOSE INTEXDIXO TO BUY A MILL. 
 
 .iderItt^T';ak.;^;lf a L'r'^'^ •""■ ''-' ^•--W not receive too much eon- 
 seed used on thet:enSfarrf rt"; To:" Wt f "t ""S^ ^"?" "" *•*« 
 
 stio^rhrth^^^r^-""-'-'^^^^^^^ 
 
 chosen *' '^""^ *■"""'' **'""«•'• *»'« "'^i'^*' '""'""K n,ill .hould b„ 
 
 another! """ ''°"'' "^ '"*' *" '^'''"" °"* ^•^•^" ^'-"'^'"^ f-- -- kind of «rain to 
 
 be co?tX^"l'!SIS'i.^^''f ;;^h"™u^d'H "' ^t- ''^"^•'-^ ^'- •^-p^" -« 
 t..o flow of «.ain to r:;:vr., on/iiii : r.i^ ::i^v^ Tt : 
 
 aTdUr Jr'-fJt IIS^"'*^"^ to c,o He hopper, ^t^^^ HZ 
 able fo Zee the w" kihe ^^ „7e S?'''^ '" ''' ^""•' *""""^ ^''^ ""'^ ^« »««> 
 for bS"" ''"''' '' ''"" '" ''" "■'" "'*' *'" *''"P'-'^* '•'■'1 •'-^ anan^emont 
 
 would do this, only n fo«- standard sieves need be /u^pS " fh eni ^nr'^^;;;: