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 KOTES ON SOME 
 
 
 NOIITII A3IEJMCAN PYMHOTITES, 
 
 AND OTHKII 
 
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 CDtitaitting | 
 
 AND ON THE 
 
 KELATIVE CJOMPOSITION 
 
 OF 
 
 ^LEXITE AND ^R A N KLA N D ITEj 
 
 BY 
 
 HENRY HOW, D. C L, 
 
 I'KOFESSOK Ol 'criEMISTRT, DNIVKRSITT OP KING'S COLLEGE, WINDSOR, 
 
 NOVA SCOTIA. 
 COKR. MEM MIX. ,SOC. G. B. AND I. 
 
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 Notes ox some North Amekican Pykrhotites and other 
 MINERALS containing Nickel. 
 
 licprintedfrom the Mineralogical Magazine and Journal 
 of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, April 1877. 
 
 It is a well-known fact that Pyrrhotite, or Magnetic Iron Py- 
 rites, frequently, if not invariably, contains nickel, generally with 
 cobalt in various proportions, auounting together from traces up 
 to nearly six per cent,, and that most of the nickel of commerce is 
 derived from this mineral. 
 
 The following notes contain in the first place the results of the 
 examinaiion of a few varieties of Pyrrhotite, occurring in Nova 
 Scotia, New Brunswick, and the United States, chiefly with re- 
 ference to presence or amount of nickel and cobalt, and they show 
 also that remarkable differences exist in the intensity of the mag- 
 netism displayed, which ranges from distinct polarity in the mass, 
 down to very feeble ittrai'tion by a magnet in ;he finely powdered 
 state of the mineral, and further, that the most feebly magnetic of 
 the specimens examined is that containing the largest per eentage 
 of nickel. The subsequent notes relate to other species from Nova 
 Scotia and Newfoundland. 
 
 Pyrrhotite from Cape Breton Island, N. S. Of this mineral, 
 four pieces were examined, th«y were all polar in action on the 
 magtetic needle, one piece being very strongly so; the mineral 
 was in the massive state, with, however, somewhat lamellar struc- 
 ture, associated with quartz. Portions of each of the four pieces 
 were taken together for analysis, the object being to get an average 
 of the whole, which, for the following metals, amounted to 
 
 Oxides of nickel and cobalt . . . 0.50 per cent, 
 in these, on separation by potassium nitrite, there proved to be at 
 least 
 
 Metallic nickel 0.36 per cent. 
 
 and there was a trifling loss in the operation. The locality of this 
 specimen, I should say, I find is not certainly known to the per- 
 son from whom I obtained it. 
 
Pyrrhotite from Nictaux, Annapolis Co., N. S. The mineral 
 occurs here alao massive, with quartz ; it attracts both ends of the 
 magnetic needle. Analysis gave :— 
 
 Nickel with a little cobalt .... 0.10 per cent. 
 
 Pyrrhotite from Geyser's Hill, Halifax Co., N. S. In this 
 case no note is on record as regards magnetic intensity, but the 
 mineral gave a distinct reaction for nickel. 
 
 Pyrrhotite from Latete, New Brunswick. Several specimens 
 from this locality, where, I understand, on good authority, the 
 mineral occurs in considerable quantity, examined at different 
 times, have given results showing that the quantity of nickel and 
 cobalt ia far from uniform. The mineral is massive, finely granu- 
 lar, and attracts both ends of the needle readily. No attempt was 
 made to separate the nickel and cobalt found, the metals were 
 thrown down as oxides, and calculated as from protoxide of nickel. 
 No. 1 afforded, per cent. 0.09 "nickel." 
 <i 2 " " " 0.36 " 
 
 " 3 " " '• 0.80 " 
 « 4 « « « 040 u 
 
 the "nickel" was proved to contain a considerable proportion of 
 cobalt in the last three cases, no note was preserved as regards the 
 first ; in the last, No. 4, manganese was detected before the blow- 
 pipe by the soda test. This sample was averaged on the spot by 
 an experienced person interested in obtaining a correct representa- 
 tion of the deposit, and the "nickel" obtained above is just the 
 average of that got in the three preceding experiments ; a circum- 
 stance I did not observe till these notes were })Ut together. 
 
 Pyrrhotite from Lowell, Massachusetts, U. S. Specimens of 
 this were placed in my hands, last autumn, as of a mineral con- 
 taining 25 to 30 per cent, of nickel. It is found over a consider- 
 able area, and is, I believe, being worked. Tlie mineral is coarse- 
 ly granular, no crystals were seen on the specimens given to me ; 
 it occurs with a highly silicious rock containing a little mica, which 
 runs in veins sometimes half an inch thick through the ore in hand- 
 specimens. The magnetism is so feeble that it is only perceived 
 by actual contact of the finely powdered mineral with a magnet, 
 when an exceedingly small quantity is retained. Tliis property 
 and the similarity in some characters, and in qualitative composi- 
 tion to Pentlandite, together with the statement as to the amount 
 of nickel present, made a quantitative analysis desirable. The re- 
 sults of one on a piece of pure looking ore were these : — 
 
 Sulphur 33.91 
 
 Iron 53.75 
 
 Nickel 2.41 
 
 Gangue 8.30 
 
 Magnesia and Loss . . . 1.63 
 
 ..„•.*.." 
 
which Bbow conclusively the indiriduality of the raineral, the com- 
 position of Pyrrhotite and Pentlaadite being as follows:— 
 
 ^, , , PYKRHOTITK rENTLANDITI 
 
 '^u'pliur 40 36 
 
 Iron ( 60 41.9 
 
 Nickel 
 
 {( 
 
 up to 6?) 
 
 22.1 
 
 Ihe nickel obtained m this ana in a qualitative analysis gave no 
 indication of cobalt with borax before the blowpipe On com- 
 parison of the per cfntago of nickel with that in the mineral from 
 Cape Breton I.slaipl above, and of the respective magnetic powers, 
 It appears I hat tl.. polar mineral contains only 0.36 per cent, of 
 •'nickel.' nliile ti,i. metal in the scarcely magnetic species from 
 Lowell apj»ru i." 8 ten times that amount. 
 
 Mispickel from. Montague. Halifax Co., N. S. This mineral, 
 frequently assocui^nd with gold, which it sometimes holds in visible 
 quantity, in various parts of this Province, has before been shown 
 to contain cobalt at the locality indicated (Mineralogy of Nova 
 Scotia, p. 6 ), by experiments made at Freiberg. The specimen 
 now referred to gavo me, approximately 
 
 Metallic Cobalt 0.09 per cent., 
 
 containing manganese, as shown by the soda teat before the blow- 
 pipe. 
 
 Mispickel from Lunenburg Co., N. S. This was from a v^old 
 district some 50 miles S. W. of the preceding. Qualitative tests 
 showed small quantities of both nickel and cobalt. I may men- 
 tion that mispickel occurs here in exceedingly well-defined crys- 
 tals of brilliant lustre. 
 
 Matrix of Pickeringite, Newport, N. S. When in 1863 I pub- 
 lished (Journal of the Chemical Society) the analysis of Pickerin- 
 gite, which resulted in the establishment of a new group of salts 
 and minerals (Pseudo-alums, Odling, Outlines of Chemistry, p. 
 282, and ^'Halotrichite Group" Dana, Mineralogy, 5th Ed,, p 651), 
 I showed that the N. S. mineral contained some two thousandths 
 of nickel and cobalt, and that I failed to find these metals in the 
 rock from which the mineral had been formed. The method of 
 attack on the rock used at the time was fusion with carbonated 
 alkali. I have since found that by treating about 50 grains of the 
 slate, taken (by myself) from the interior about 'wo feet from the 
 'juter edge, with aqua regia, distinct evidence of the presence of 
 both metals was obtained from the rock, which looked quite free 
 of any sulj»hides or other minerals of metallic lustre. 
 
 Millerite from Tilt Cove, Newfotmdland. A specimen of 
 
 "nickel ore' given to me last year proved to be Millerite; it 
 
 was 
 
 .,«4..- 
 
of pure yellow oolor, in six-^ided crystals and plat.n aa«ocuited 
 with pearl-spar, and quart/, and a green mineral m small tiuantity, 
 prol.ably /aratitc It appeared to be very pure, givin,j; the blowr- 
 >u,e reactiouH of .sulphur and nickel only It 19 tound at he same 
 place "in leaves like the purest gold," and ahio in radiated crus 3, 
 such as occur at Gap Mine, Pent.sylvauia, according to a gen le- 
 man who said specimens he had seen from T,lt Cove, were I ke 
 what I showed him from the U. S. locality named. From the 
 same authority I learned that this specie, forms but a sniall part 
 of the nickel ore at Tilt Cove which is chiefly Kupfernicke occur- 
 ring in pockets with the copper pyrites so largely mined the hist 
 tewyears. Specimens of this Kupfernickel, in my posssession, 
 consist almost entirely of the massive mineral ^vith do bm.te. 
 About 113 tons of t'.e ore were shippo.l in 1869 and the follow- 
 mg year ; later statements I have not at hand. 
 
 ! 
 
 ft 
 
 J 
 
$ 
 
 On the Relative Composition of Ulexite & Franklandite. 
 Eeprintedfrom th« Chemical News, Vol. xxxv p. 189. 
 
 In the Philosophical Magazine for April, (p. f^') ^^l",^^'^.'?; 
 Emerson Reynolda describes a uew minerul borate, founu with 
 
 SkTaut's,"vJas the coirect expression ot the composition of the 
 mineral. This formula, changed to the new notation, is 
 
 Na20,2CaO,5B2^>3.1^H20, 
 
 the name of Kraut because this 
 " among them doubtless to Ram- 
 
 and it came to be desigi. 
 chemist preferred it to . . 
 raelsberg's 
 
 Na20 
 
 on account of its genernl 
 
 '3A8H2O, 
 
 upon comparison 
 
 < 
 
 of the 
 ot Its cuneiiii , "f."" . 
 
 numerous "anal.s.,' published, '"V^'^^^ ^iZ.^rZ 
 mineral "Tiza" &c. Tins formula of K?.mr .isuerK s w.i 
 Sularly shown by Dr Lunge not to agree so well - Kr.U s 
 even with its author's own analysis; and ^"^ -^, J "^ clo e y 
 Ulexite appears to exist in in the same '^'V^^^'^l^'f^^ ^j 
 .im=lar comnosition, as indicated by the same writer, {Chem.JStits, 
 voT xv.,T86: bu;, as I mentioned in '^^-'^ributions to Mine.a - 
 oav of Nova Scotia," IIL & V., {Phil. Mag,, January, 1868 and 
 WillSToV the mineral now known as Ulexite occurs here under 
 Comparative yimple conditions, affording purer ma erial tor ana- 
 i;s7S the mixture of salts frequently examined from i eru, 
 and hence, no doubt, the co^-ectness ot my formula. 
 "now on comparing Ulexite and ^-^^^^^l^^^"^''- 
 son Reynolds gives, as the empirical tormula of the la.tti, 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
2NatO,2CaO,6Bt03,l/5H80, 
 which (liffew from itiiris for Ulexite, above, hy having in ev e.s,^ 
 
 NagO.BaOa; 
 
 but he takes ag the formula of Uiexite that a-lvunced hy Itam- 
 c^rrecr^''^"'^ ™«»t'oned as 8peci-.lly shown by Lunge to be in- 
 
 It follows that my formulf^ being almost universally received as 
 correct tnt Ulexite (whatever the other mineralw found with this 
 in ^oru may be), the difference between this niiru-ral liud Frmk- 
 landite is not, as Prof Emerson Reynolds gives it, "that the sub- 
 stitution of one molecule of sodic oxide (Na20) for three mole- 
 cules of water is capable of converting Illexite into Franldandite, 
 as tar as composition is concerned," but that the latter differs from 
 
 J^'nloTV^. ^"""^^'."'^^ ^'^^ molecule ol sodium motaborato 
 li>ia2'AB2U3) in addition. 
 
 Windsor, iV. S., April 21, 1877. 
 
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