\^ \^ ^3^ ^iLi^. w^ - kSi .'S ^ v^ .^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. ^/ ^>^ ^.^ 4^ 4^ 1.0 1.1 lalU, 125 £ iffi lio Sh. RiolDgraphic .Sciences Corporatioii r<\^ \ <^ 1«L 23 WIST MAIN STMIT WIBSTIR.N.Y. I45S0 (716) •73-4503 '^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICiVIH Collection de Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microreproductions historiquaa TMhnioal and Bibliographic Not«t/Not«t tachniquM at bibliographiquas Tha Inatituta haa attamptarf to obtain tha bast original eopy avallabia for filming. Faaturaa of this copy whieh may ba bibHographloaNy unlqua. whieh may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduetion, or whioh may aignificantiy changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara ohackad balow. D D D D Coiourad eovara/ Couvartura da coulaur rn Covara damagad/ Couvartura andommagia Covara raatorad and/or iaminatad/ Couvartura raataurAa at/ou pallicuiAa Covar titia miaaing/ La titra da couvartura manqua Coiourad mapa/ Cartas giographiouas 9n couiaur Coiourad ink (i.a. othar than biua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) rri Coiourad plataa and/or illustrations/ Planchaa at/ou illuatratlons mn coulaur Bound with othar matariai/ RaliA avac d'autras documanta Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along intarior margin/ La r9 liura sarrAa paut causar da i'ombra ou da la distortion la long da la marga intiriaura Blank \§»v§t addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar possibia, thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ 11 aa paut qua cartainaa pagas bianchas ajoutAas iors d'una raatauration apparaissant dans ia taxta, mais, lorsqua cala Atait possibia. cas pagas n'ont pas *t4 fiimiaa. Additional comments:/ Imgular pagination Commantairaa suppiimantaires.- T ti L'institut a mierofiimA io moiiiaur axampiaira qu'ii lui a itA possibia da sa procurer. Los details da cat exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliogrephique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithoda normale de f ilmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. D D n Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagies Pages restored and/or laminated/ Paras rastaurees et/ou peliiculAes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dAcolories, tachat^es ou piquies □ Pages detached/ Pages detachies Showthrough/ Transparence I I Quality of print varies/ Quality inAgale de I'impression includes supplementary material/ Comprend du metftriel suppiimentaire D D Only edition available/ Seuie Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc.. have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partieiiement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. une pelure. etc.. ont M fiimees A nouveau de fa^on it obtenir la meilleure image possible. T P o fi O bi tl si ot fii si oi Ti TI w M di en b« rifl re( mi [i]-xix, m-viil. [91-100 p. :M This item is filmed at tha reduction retio checked below/ Ce document est filmA au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 2ZX I I I I I I I I I I I L I I 26X 30X 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy film«d h«r« has b««n r«procluo*d thankt to tho gonorosity of: National Library of Canada L'axamplaira film* fut raprodult grioa A la a^nArosIt* da: BibllotMqua natlonala du Canada Tlia imagaa appaaring liara ara tha baat quality potsibia conaidaring tha condition and laglbillty of tha original copy and in Icaaping with tha filming contract apaciflcationa. Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad Impraa- sion, or the back covar whan approprlata. All other original copies ara filmad beginning on tha first page with a printed or illuatratad Impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printad or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfleha shall contain the symbol — »> (meaning "CON* TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Les Imagaa aulvantaa ont 4tA raprodultes avac la plus grand aoln, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattet* da raxamplaira fllmA, at m oonformltA avac lea conditions du eontrat da flimaga. Las exemplairas orlglnaux dont la couvarture en papier eat imprlm^a aont fllmAs an commandant par la premier plat at 9n tarmlnant aoit par la dernlAra paga qui comporta una ampreinte d'Impraaalon ou dlHuatration, solt par la second plat, salon la eaa. Toua laa autraa axamplaires orlglnaux aont filmAa an commandant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una ampreinte d'impreealon ou d'lllustratlon at an tarmlnant par la darnlAre paga qui comporta una telle ampreinte. Un dee aymbolea aulvants apparattra sur la dernlire Image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le aymbola -^ algnifia "A 8UIVRE". le aymbole ▼ algnifia "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmad at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate tha method: Les csrtes, planohaa, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre fiimis i des taux da rAductlon diffArants. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reprodult en un saul cliohA, 11 est film* A partir de I'angia supArieur gauche, de gauche h droite, et de haut en bas, an pranant le nombre d'imagea nAcassalra. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la mtthoda. ''.-'■ 2 3 ^r^ 32X i 6 l/'/'. ''7rif/. >- 4 u- i,^.'*^"*' V .? -■■■\f* 4 -.'t- ^ . \^ ^ ■ - ,. - - » /--vv A ^-^'j^-V ■■t '■ •V,. '' .;;^ \sv sA%-.^ • V %^^ .'f = »H^ \viN '.\ '. / V ov r*y^ ^^O C rat// rfftfffr f/^r Ih/*-o/t/-f//f /*/i^ "tt ,<^'(^3[(^^|4i^ctl)^§\^ml.^ \ y / \ \ i.A V, ^ ■x (C e^/ Yy^y//.^=^f/^r// /// r /// , , '.'V'"' ',.1 ,' GENERAL ORDERS. HORSE-OUARDS, \U January, 1836. His Majesty has been pleased to command that, with the view of doing the fullest justice to Begi- ments, as well as to Individuals who have dis- tinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Begiment in the British Army shall be pub- lished under the superintendence and direction of the Adjutant-General ; and that this Account shall contain the following particulars, viz. : — The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of the Begiment ; The Stations at which it has been from time to time employed ; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any Achieve- ment it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, &&, it may have captured from the Enemy. The Names of the Officers, and the number of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the place and Date of the Action. a ii OBNERAL ORDEM. The Namei of thoie Officers who, in con- sideration of their Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. The Names of all such Officers, Non-Com- missioned Officers, and Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in Action. And, The Badges and Devices which the Regi- ment may have been permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. By Command of the Bight Honorable GENERAL LOBD HILL, Comrmnding'ivr Chief. John Macdonald, A^utant' Omeral. bo, in con- Meritorious lemy, have I, or other ( i« ) PREFACE. the Regi- r, and the or Devices, have been »le n- Chief. ONALD, meral. The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have preceded him in their honorable Ct' reer, are among the motives that have given rise to the present publication. The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced m the " London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute a2 IV PREFACE. of praise and admiration to \yhich they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the Com- manders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery ; and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most highly prizes. It has not, however, until late years, been the prac- tice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtain- ing, particularly from the old Eegiments, an au- thentic account of their origin and subsequent services. This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall, in future, keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties and privations which chequer the career of those who embrace the miltary profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and where these pursuits have, for so PREFACE. long a period, being undisturbed by the presence of wart which few other countries have escaped, com- paratively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or no interval of repose. In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country derives from the industry and the enter- prise of the agriculturist and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor, — on their sufferings, — and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties ; and their character has been established in Continental warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have main- tained their advantages against superior numbers. In the official Reports made by the respective Com- manders, ample justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the Corps employed; but the details of their services and of acts of individual VI PREFACE. bravery can only be fully given in the Annals of the various Regiments. These Records are now preparing for publication, under his Majesty's special authority, by Mr. Richard Cannon, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant General's Office ; and while the perusal of them can- not fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and information to the general reader, particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or are serving, in the Army, an Esprit de Corps — an attachment to everything belonging to their Regiment ; to such persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood *' firm as the rocks of their native shore :" and when half the world has been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with un- shaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements in war, — victories so complete and sur- prising, gained by our countrymen, our brothers, PBEFACE. Vll our fellow citizens in arms, — a record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds before us, — will certainly prove acceptable to the public. Biographical Memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished Officers will be introduced in the Records of their respective Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testify- ing the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct num- ber, so that when the whole shall be completed, the Farts may be bound up in numerical succession. i " ■ , - "• 1 . t 4 • .i : 1 ■Vi .;.' i 1- « j -V - 1 • ■ i INTRODUCTION TO THE INFANTRY. The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been celebrated for innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority of the British troops over those of other countries has been evinced in the midst of the most imminent perils. History con- tains so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is Intrepidity. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England when their country was invaded by Julius Caesar with a Eoman army, on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to attack the Eoman soldiers as they de- scended from their ships; and, although their dis- cipline and arms were inferior to those of their adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated the flower of the Roman troops, in- cluding Caesar's favourite tenth legion. Their arms consisted of spears, short swords, and other weapons of rude construction. They had chariots, to the X INTRODUCTION axles of which were fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blaaes, and infantry in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit or retreat, sprang into the chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. These inventions were, however, unavailing against Caesar's legions: in the course of time a military system, with dis- cipline and subordination, was introduced, and British courage, being thus regulated, was exerted to the greatest advantage; a full development of the national character followed, and it shone forth in all its native brilliancy. The military force of the Anglo-Saxons consisted principally of infantry: Thanes, and other men of property, however, fought on horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The former carried large shields armed with spikes, long broad swords and spears ; and the latter were armed with swords or spears only. They had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and javelins. The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted (as already stated in the Intro- duction to the Cavalry) almost entirely of horse ; but when the warlike barons and knights, with their trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a pro- portion of men appeared on foot, and, although these were of inferior degree, they proved stout- hearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When stipen- diary troops were employed, infantry always con- stituted a considerable portion of the military force ; TO THE INFANTRY. and this ar: ha« since acquired, in every quarter of the globe, a celebrity never exceeded by the armies of any nation at any period. The weapons carried by the infantry, during the several reigns succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, that it was almost impossible to slay them. The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive purposes of war, in the early part of the fourteenth century, produced a change in the arms and equipment of the infantry-soldier. Bows and arrows gave place to various kinds of fire-arms, but British archers continued formidable adversaries; and, owing to the inconvenient construction and im- perfect bore of the fire-arms when first introduced, a body of men, well trained in the use of the bow from their youth, was considered a valuable acqui- sition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth century. During a great part of the reign of Queen Eliza- beth each company of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways ; in every hundred men forty were " meri-aUarms" and sixty " shot ;" the " men-at-arms" were ten halberdiers, or battle- axe men, and thirty pikemen ; and the " shot" were twenty archers, twenty musketeers, and twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides his principal weapon, a sword and dagger. iM INTRODUCTION , f J Companies of infantry varied at this period in numbers from 150 to 300 men ; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of formation re- commended by an English military writer (Sir John Smithe) in 1590 was : — the colour in the centre of the company guarded by the halberdiers ; the pike- men in equal proportions, on each flank of the halberdiers: half the musketeers on each flank of the pikes ; half the archers on each flank of the mus- keteers, and the harquebusiers (whose arms were much lighter than the muskets then in use) in equal proportions on each flank of the company for skirmish- ing.* It was customary to unite a number of com- panies into one body, called a Regiment, which frequently amounted to three thousand men: but each company continued to carry a colour. Nume- rous improvements were eventually introduced in the construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found impossible to make armour proof against the muskets then in use (which carried a very heavy ball) without its being too weighty for the soldier, armour was gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seven- teenth century : bows and arrows also fell into dis- use, and the infantry were reduced to two classes, viz.: musheteerSy armed with matchlock muskets, * A company of 200 men would appear thus : — 20 20 20 30 2K) 30 20 20 20 Harquebuses. Archers. Muskets. Pikes, Halberds. Pikes. Muskets. Archers. Harquebuses- The musket carried a ball which weighed ./gth of a pound ; and the harquebus a ball which weighed yih of a pound. TO THE INFANTRY. xiii pound ; and the swords, and daggers; and pikemer, armed with pikes from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords. In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men. He caused the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, or in small wooden bandoliers, each contain- ing a charge, to be made up into cartridges, and carried in pouches; and he formed each regiment into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division of pikemen. He also adopted the practice of form- ing four regiments into a brigade ; and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to three in each regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen and Austrian cuirassiers ; and his armies became the admiration of other nations. His mode of formation was copied by the English, French, and other European states ; but so great was the prejudice in favour of ancient customs, that all his improvements were not adopted until near a century afterwards. In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea- service, styled the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually consisted of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light firelocks. In this year the King added a com- pany of men armed with hand grenades to each of the old British regiments, which was designated the "grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived as to fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets / I ) ■s XIV INTRODUCTION similar to those at present in use were adopted about twenty years afterwards. An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order of King James II., to guard the artillery, and was designated the Boyal Fusiliers (now 7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did not carry pikes. King William III. incorporated the Admiral's regiment in the second Foot Guards, and raised two Marine regiments for sea-service. During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (ex- cepting the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 musketeers; the captains carried pikes ; lieutenants, partisans ; ensigns, half-pikes ; and Serjeants, halberds. After the peace in 1697 the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on the breaking out of the war in 1702.* During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword ; the grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand gre- nades ; and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour : the corps of Eoyal Artillery was first added to the Army in this reign. About the year 1745, the men of the battalion companies of infantry ceased to carry swords ; during * The 30th, 31st, and 32nd Regiments were formed as Marine corps in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign of Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and in its subsequent defence in 1704 ; they were afterwards employed at the siege of Barcelona in 1705. 1 TO THE INFANTRY. XV the reign of George II. light companies were added to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the Seven Years* War. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have been limited to the musket and bayonet. The arms and equipment of the British Troops have seldom differed materially, since the Conquest, from those of other European states ; and in some respects the arming has, at certain periods, been allowed to be inferior to that of the nations with whom they have had to contend ; yet, under this disadvantage, the bravery and superiority of the British infantry have been evinced on very many and most trying occasions, and splendid victories have been gained over very superior numbers. Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like champions who have dared to confront a host of foes, and have proved themselves valiant with any arms. At Crecy, King Edward III., at the head of about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 1346, Philip King of France, whose army is said to have amounted to 100,000 men ; here British valour encountered veterans of renown : — the King of Bo- hemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and nobles were slain, and the French army was routed and cut to pieces. Ten years afterwards, Edward Prince of Wales, who was designated the Black Prince, defeated, at Poictiers^ with 14,000 men, a French army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry, and took John I., King of France, and his son I i XVI TNTBODUCTION i^ St--. Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, 1415, King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 men, although greatly exhauHtcd by marches, pri- vations, and sickness, defeated, at Agincourty the Constable of France, at the head of the flower of the French nobility and an army said to amount to 60,000 men, and gained a complete victory. During the seventy years' war between the United Provinces of the Netherlands and the Spanish mo- narchy, which commenced in 1678 and terminated in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the States-General were celebrated for their uncon- querable spirit and ftrnmess;* and in the thirty years' war between the Protestant Princes and the Emperor of Germany, the British Troops in the ser- vice of Sweden and other states were celebrated for deeds of heroism.'}" In the wars of Queen Anne, the fan. of the British army under the great Marlborough was spread throughout the world; and if we glance at the achievements performed within the memory of persons now living, there is abundant proof that the Britons of the present age are not inferior to their ancestors in the qualities * The brave Sir Roger Williami, In hit Digcourse on War, printed in 1590, observes: — '* I poriUBtle myielf t«n thousand of our nation would beat thirty thousand of thoiri (tho Spaniardn) out of the field, let them be chosen where they lilt." Yot at this time the Spanish infantry was allowed to bo the belt diiciplincd in Europe. For instances of valour displayed by tho British Infantry during the Seventy Years' War, see the Hlitorlcfll Hccord of the Third Foot, or Buffs. t Vide the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment of Foot. TO THE INFANTRY. XVI 1 yal Regiment of which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds of the brave men, of whom there are many now surviving, who fought in Egypt in 1801, under the brave Abercromby, and compelled the French army, which had been vainly styled Tnvinciblet to eva- cuate that country ; also the services of the gallant Troops during the arduous campaigns in the Penin- sula, under the immortal Wellington; and the determined stand made by the British Army at Waterloo, where Napoleon Bonaparte, who had long been the inveterate enemy of Great Britain, and had sought and planned her destruction by every means he could devise, was compelled to leave his vanquished legions to their fate, and to place himself at the disposal of the British Govern- ment. These achievements, with others of recent dates in the distant climes of India, prove that the same valour and constancy which glowed in the breasts of the heroes of Crecy, Foictiers, Agincourt, Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the Britons of the nineteenth century. The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust and muscular frame, — intrepidity which no danger can appal, — unconquerable spirit and resolution, — patience in fatigue and privation, and cheerful obe- dience to his superiors. These qualities, united with an excellent system of order and discipline to regu- late and give a skilful direction to the energies and adventurous spirit of the hero, and a wise selection of officers of superior talent to command, whose presence inspires confidence, — have been the leading causes of the splendid victories gained by the British b XVlll INTRODUCTION ii t M arms.* Tho fame of the deeds of the past and present generations in the various battle-fields vrhere the robust sons of Albion have fought and conquered, surrounds the British arms with a halo of glory ; these achievements will live in the page of history to the end of time. -'^ ' The records of the several regiments will be found to contain a detail of facts of an interesting character, connected with the hardships, sufferings, and gallant exploits of British soldiers in the various parts of the world, where the calls of their Country and the com- mands of their Sovereign have required them to proceed in the execution of their duty, whether in * *< Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons ; but His Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressedon the consideration of every part of the army, that it has been a strict observance of order, dis- cipline, and military system, which has given the full energy to the native valour of the troops, and has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national military character, in situations uncommonly arduous, and under circumstances of peculiar d\&cvilty."—Oener^ Orders in 1801. In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope (after- wards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the successful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January, 1809, it is stated : — *' On no occasion has the undaunted valour of British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a severe and harassing march, ren- dered necessary by the superiority which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired the efficiency of the troops, many disad- vantages were to b6 encountered. These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the troops themselves ; and the enemy has been taught, that whatever advantages of position or of numbers he may possess, there is inherent in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows not how to yield, — that no circumstances can appal, — and that will ensure victory, wheii it is to be obtained by the exertion of any human means." TO THE INFANTRY. XIX ■4 active continental operations, or in maintaining colo- nial territories in distant and unfavourable climes. The superiority of the British infantry has been pre-eminently set forth in the wars of flix centuries, and admitted by the greatest commanders which Europe has produced. The formations and move- ments of this arme, as at present practised, while they are adapted to every species of warfare, and to all probable situations and circumstances of service, are calculated to show forth the brilliancy of military tactics calculated upon mathematical and scientific principles. Although the movementjs and evolutions have been copied from the continental armies, yet various improvements have from time to time been introduced, to insure that simplicity and celerity by which the superiority of the national military cha- racter is maintained. The rank and influence which Great Britain has attained among the nations of the world, have in a great measure been purchased by the valour of the Army, and to persons who have the welfare of their country at heart, the records of the several regiments cannot fail to prove interesting. \\ -* 4 ♦V 4' HISTORICAL RECORD AT //' THE THIUIY-FOUUTH, THE CUMBERLAND REGIMENT FOOT: GQNTAIMNO AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1702, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 1844. ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. LONDON; PARKER, FURNIVALL, AND PARKER, MILITARY LIBRARY, WHITEHALL. M.ncco.zuv. London : llAlllirsON AND Co., I'RINTKRS, St. Martin's T,ank. THIRTY-FOORTH (THE COMBBRLAND) REQIMENT OP FOOT. [Ib/oMpas/tl i s THE THIRTY-FOURTH, OR THE CUMBERLAND REGIMENT OF FOOT, BEARS ON ITS RKOIMENTAb OOLOUB TUB WOBDS "ALBUHERA"— '^VITTORIA*'-«PYRENEES"— « NIVELLE"—" NIVE" " ORTHES"— "PENINSULA," TO COMMBMOBATB ITS OISTINaUXHIIKI) HP.HVICKN IN THIS PIOMNSUI.A. AND BOUTU OV VUANCB, f FROM 1809 TO 1814. CONTENTS. Year 1 702 Formation of the Regiment Names of Officers 1 705 Forms part of the Force under the Earl of Peter borough, and embarks for Spain . Siege of Barcelona . .... 1707 Returns to England .... 1708 Proceeds to Ostend ————— Antwerp 1710 Sieges of the Fortresses of Douay, Bethune, Aire, and St. Venant . 1711 Siege of Bouchain 1712 Stationed at Dunkirk 1713 Returns to England Reduction of the Regiment 1715 Restoration of the Regiment Names of Officers . 1717 Proceeds to Ireland 1719 Returns to England Forms part of the expedition under General Viscount Cobham, destined for Spain Capture of Vigo Returns to England, and is again stationed in Ireland .... 1727 Embarks for Gibraltar 1728 Returns to Ireland . 1739 Augmentation of the Establishment 1739 Removed to England P»ge 9 10 11 .5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ' ! I i ' • 1 Vi CONTENTS. Year PHgO ;- 1744 Embarks for Flanders • 24 1745 Battle of Fontenoy , — Returns to England .... • 25 1746 Proceeds to Edinburgh .... , 26 Battle of CuUoden .... * 27 Stationed in South Britain • 28 1749 The Regiment placed on a peace establishment — 1751 Uniform and Colours of the Regiment • — 1752 Embarks for Minorca .... • 29 ■ 1756 Embarks for Gibraltar .... • 32 Returns to England .... « — 1757 The Regiment augmented to two battalions • — 1758 The Second Battalion constituted the Seventy- third Regiment .... • — Forms part of an armament employed to reduce the maritime power of France, and after t destroying the shipping and magazines at St. Maloes, returns to England . • — Forms part of a similar expedition, and after taking possession of Cherbourg, returns to England • 33 1762 Siege of the Moro Fort, and Capture of the Havannah • 35 1763 Proceeds to North America 36 1768 Returns to Europe .... • — 1769* :lyg^ Stationed in Ireland .... 1775 Augmented to the War Establishment . • — 1776 Embarks for North America . 37 1777 Siege of Fort Stan wix .... • 39 1782 Styled the Cumberland Regiment . — 1 786 Returns to England .... . 1792 Augmentation of the Establishment . — 1 795 Embarks for the West Indies . — — Proceeds to St. Lucia .... 40 I ' / Pago Year 24 1796 25 1800 26 1802 27 1803 28 1805 29 1807 32 33 35 36 37 39 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 40 CONTENTS. vH Pago Reduction of St. Vincent .... 41 Embarks for England ... — the Cape of Good Hope . . 42 the East Indies .... — Four Companies proceed from Madras to Ceylon 43 A Second Battalion added .... — The Detachment of the First Battalion rejoini Head-Quarters from Ceylon ... 44 The Second Battalion proceeds to Ireland — Embarks for England — The Second Battalion embarks for the Peninsula 45 Battle of Busaco 47 Siege of Badajoz 48 Battle of Albuhera ..... 49 Action at Arroyo de Molinos . . . . 51 Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo .... 53 Battle of Vittoria 55 Blockade of Pampeluna .... 56 Battle of the Pyrenees 60 Nivelle 61 Nive — Orthes 62 Toulouse — The Second Battalion embarks for Ireland . 63 disbanded ... 64 Mahratta and Pindaree war ... 66 Embarks for England 70 Proceeds to Ireland — Embarks for North America . . . . 71 The red and white tuft resumed . . . 72 Embarks for England 76 Proceeds to Ireland 77 The Conclusion 78 // vm CONTHNTIf SUCCESSION OF COLONELS Year 1 702 Robert Lord Luoai 1705 Hans Hamilton 1712 Thomas Chudleigh .... 1723 Robert Hayes 1 732 Stephen Cornwallis 1 738 Lord James Cavendish 1742 The Honorable James Cholmondeley 1749 The Honorable Henry Seymour Conway 1751 Charles Russell .... 1754 Thomas Earl of Effingham . 1760 Lord Frederick Cavendish . 1797 George Ferdinand Lord Southampton 1810 Sir Eyre Coote, G.C.D 1816 The Honorable Sir O. Lowry Cole,G.C.B. 1826 Sir Thomas Makdougall Rrlibane, Bart. G.C.B and G.C.H. > . • • • . Succession of Lieutenant- Colonels Succession of M^ori . • . PLATES. Colours and Uniform of Officers in 1844 Uniform of Private Soldiers in 1749 Uniform of Private Soldiers in 1844 Page 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 91 ioface page 9 24 . » 78 / • Pago 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 91 »a^tf 9 24 78 '.'.I I hM i: y a« i .. |ip** ' ^'' . Sd) hegiment of foot {To fm page I i^ f HISTORICAL RECORD OP THE THIRTY-FOURTH, OR THE CUMBERLAND REGIMENT OP FOOT. At the commencement of the eighteenth century, 1702 the British monarch witnessed his efforts to curb the ambition of Louis XIV., and to preserve the balance of power in Europe, counteracted by the virtual union of two powerful states, under a dynasty distinguished for its thirst for conquest, the King of France having pro- cured the accession of his grandson, Philip, Duke of Anjou, to the throne of Spain. Existing treaties were thus openly violated; at the same time the liberties of Europe were invaded by the seizure of the Spanish Netherlands, by the troops of France, and the detention of the Dutch garrisons in the barrier towns ; and war was resolved upon. A considerable augmentation was made to the British army, and the Thirty-fourth Regi- ment OF Foot is one of the corps embodied on this occasion. Its first colonel was Robert Lurd Lucas, from the lieutenant-colonelcy of Sir John Jacobus Regi- ment, now Thirteenth Light Infantry, his commission bearing date the 12th of February, 1702. This regiment was composed of men from Norfolk, Essex, and the adjoining counties, and was raised under 34 B ., .t* m i.'} 10 HISTORICAL RECORn OP 1702 the authority of warrants from King William III., by Colonel Lord Lucas, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Dare, Major Garth, Captains Kitson, Edward Shadwell, E. Parsons, P. Lechire, Pardon, Richard Steele, and Robert Cecill, who each raised a company; and when the numbers were nearly complete, the establishment was a^^gmented to twelve companies, of three officers and sixty-six non-commissioned officers and soldiers each : one wing of the regiment had its rendezvous at Colchester, and the other at Norwich. While the regiment was completing its ranks, the death of King William IIL, and the accession of Queen Anne, occurred on the 8th of March, 1702, and the soldiers took the oath of allegiance to Her Majesty. An expedition being fitted out against Cadiz, under the Duke of Ormond, Lord Lucas's Regiment was ordered to send five companies to Landguard Fort, Sheemess, and Tilbury, early in May, to relieve the BufTs, who were ordered to embark on board of frigates for the Isle of Wight, to join the expedition to Spain; at the same time seven companies of Lord Lucas's Regiment were ordered to relieve a detachment of the !Poot Guards on duty at the Tower of London, of which fortress his Lordship was lieutenant-governor; two companies were afterwards detached to Dover Castle. On the return of the expedition from Spain, the regiment was relieved from duty at the out-stations, and was quartered in the Tower, from whence it detached three hundred men to the West Indies, to complete Colonel Columbine's Regiment, now Sixth Foot, which was ordered to proceed to thdt station. After the departure of this detachment, the regiment pro- ceeded, in December, into Essex to recruit, the head- quarters being established at Chelmsford. 1703 The ranks of the regiment were speedily completed, and in the spring of 1703 it marched to Hull, Berwick, 1 704 and Carlisle; where it was stationed in the following year. THR TIIIRTY-POITHTII FOOT. II On the Slat of January, 1705, Colonel Lord Lucas 1705 died; and was succeeded in the colonelcy of the regi- ment by Lieutenant-Colonel Hans Hamilton, from the Earl of Derby's Regiment, now the Sixteenth Foot. Meanwhile, the war which commenced on the frontiers of th< Netherlands, in 1702, had taken a wider range, and Italy, Germany, Portugal, and Spain, had become the theatre of conflict; and in May, the regiment embarked on board the fleet under Sir Cloudesly Shovel, with other forces commanded by General the Earl of Peterborough, either to aid the Duke of Savoy in driving the French out of Italy, to make an attempt on Naples and Sicily, or to effect a landing on the coast of Spain, as should appear most for the interest of Her Majesty's service. The fleet arrived at Lisbon in June, and additional forces were put on board; Archduke Charles, who was acknow- ledged as King of Spain, also embarked, and an attempt on the coast of Catalonia was resolved upon. From Lisbon the armament sailed, on the 28th of July, for Gibraltar, where a reinforcement joined from the gar- rison, and Colonel Hans Hamilton, of the Thirty- fourth Regiment, was nominated quarter-master- general of the expedition. Leaving Gibraltar, the fleet proceeded to the Bay of Altea, in Valencia, and a number of Catalonians and Valencians throwing off their allegiance to the House of Bourbon, and acknowledging Archduke Charles as king of Spain^ the British general was induced to undertake the siege of Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia, which was defended by upwards of five thousand men, under the viceroy of Catalonia, Don Francis Velasco. In 1697j this fortress resisted thirty thousand French troops eight weeks, and cost Louis XIV. twelve thousand men; but the Earl of Peterborough was unable to bring more than seven thousand men into B 2 to I ; : 12 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1705 the lines, which gave an interesting character to the enterprise. Landing near the river Bassoz, on the 23rd and 24th of August, the troops advanced towards the town, and after some difficulties were overcome, the siege was commenced. The native energy of British soldiers was conspicuously displayed on this occasion, and the grenadiers of the Thirty-fourth had the honor to take part in storming the detached fortress of Montjuich, situate on a hill on the west side of the town. The troops engaged on this service made a detour through the mountains during the night of the 13th of Sep- tember, and stormed the outworks early on the follow- ing morning, making a lodgment, gaining the bulwark of a new fortification, and establishing themselves in the works. In a few days afterwards the garrison surrendered. This success facilitated the siege of the city of Barcelona, in which the Thirty-fourth Regiment took an active part. The armed Catalonian and Valen- cian peasantry blocked up the avenues of the town; seamen were landed from the fleet to take part in the siege; the soldiers were incessant in their exertions; cannon and mortars were dragged up steep precipices by men; and a practicable breach being effected, a detachment of the regiment was in readiness to take part in storming the town; but the garrison surren- dered, and saved the effusion of blood which would have attended this enterprise. A number of armed countrymen entered the city through the breach, to plunder the partisans of the house of Bourbon; but the Earl of Peterborough entered the town at the head of a troop of dragoons, and the grenadiers of the Thirty-fourth, and other regiments, put a stop to the plundering, and rescued the governor and his garrison from the vengeance of the people. THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 13 The capture of Barcelona produced great astonish- 1/05 ment throughout Europe, and the splendour of the achievement augmented the reputation of the British arms. This success was followed by the submission of all the province of Catalonia, and part of that of Valencia j and after a short stay at Barcelona, the Thirty- fourth Regiment was selected to form part of the garrison of the ancient town of Tortosa, situated in a pleasant fertile country, on the left bank of the Ebro, near its influx into the sea. At this town, which was called Dordosa by the Romans, and received municipal privileges from Scipio, the regiment was stationed some time: its services are consequently not immediately connected with the exploits of the Earl of Peter- borough in Valencia. As the operations of the British troops became 17O6 extended, the regiment quitted its pleasant quarters at Tortosa, and was employed in several movements in the early part of 17O6. King Charles and his counsellors did not make efforts to provide for the defence of the towns which had been gained, nor to obtain the means for future conquests; but spent their time and money in diver- sions: the breaches of Barcelona and Montjuich were not repaired, and the garrison was unprovided for a siege. King Philip pursued a different line of conduct; he collected forces from various quarters, and assembled a numerous army, with a powerful artillery, for the re- capture of the provinces he had lost, and a formidable French and Spanish force approached the capital of Catalonia by land; at the same time a French fleet appeared before the city. The garrison being weak in numbers, corps were hurried from various places to increase its strength; and the Thirty-fourth Regi* ment travelled one hundred and twenty miles on mules, M n 14 HI8TORICAL RECORD OF 17O6 on the 30th and 31st of March, and on the Ist of April mounted guard on the works. The regiment had not been two hours on duty when the French approached the place^ and made an attack on the outworks of fort Montjuich; but were repulsed by a hundred men of the Thirty-fourth, in gallant style*. To the timely arrival of the regiment may be attributed, in a great measure, the preservation of the town: the soldiers repaired the breaches, and made a desperate and reso- lute defence. King Charles remained in Barcelona ; his presence stimulated the garrison to extraordinary efforts, and British valour was conspicuously displayed in his cause ; but the troops were not sufficiently numerous for the defence of so extensive a place. When the garrison, bravely struggling against multiplied difficulties, had become exhausted; its numbers decreased by deaths, wounds, and sickness to about a thousand men, and a practical breach was ready for the enemy to attack the place by storm, the combined English and Dutch fleets approached with reinforcements ; the t'rench naval force hurried from before the town, and the garrison was relieved. Losing all hope of final success, anc) having had five thousand men killed and wounded before the town, the enemy made a precipitate retreat on the 12th of May, leaving two hundred brass cannon, thirty mortars, and immense stores of ammunition and provision, together with the sick and wounded of their * ** About nine o'clock in the morning, the enemy made an " attack with a body of foot, supported by two bodies of horse, ** on the weakest and most westerly part of the outworks, and " where were only one hundred English of Hamilton's (Thirtt- •* fourth) Regiment, who had that very morning come upon duty, ** from travelling forty leagues in the two foregoing days, upon "mules; notwithstanding all which, they fairly repulsed the " enemy." Jowrnal of the Siege of Barcelona. THE THIUTY-VO ;RT11 FOOT. 15 anny/ behind them, and hurrying to France^ they thus 1706 left the allies at liberty to engage in new enterprises. Barcelona was thus preserved by British skill and valour; and the Thirty-fourth Regiment received^ with the other corps in garrison, the thanks of King Charles for its heroic conduct. Its numbers were con- siderably reduced by casualties during the siege. An immediate advance on Madrid was resolved upon; and the allied army on the frontiers of Portu- gal was requested to penetrate boldly to the capital of Spain. The Thirty-pouuth Regiment embarked for Valaicia to join in this enterprise ; and, after landing, it furnished a number of select men towards completing the Earl of Peterborough's Regiment of Dragoons, which was embodied on this occasion. The advance to Madrid was delayed ; pernicious councils, which paid more attention to court formalities than to military operations, retarded the journey of King Charles. This gave time for the French forces to re-enter Spain, and for the arrival of additional troops to reinforce the enemy ; and the allied army, after advancing to Madrid, was obliged to retreat to Valencia and Murcia. After passing the winter in Spain, the Thirty- 1707 FOURTH Regiment, being much reduced in numbers, was directed to transfer its private soldiers fit for duty to other corps, in the spring of 1707) and to return to England to recruit. This took place before the army took the field ; and while the officers and non-commis- sioned officers were waiting for transports, the battle of Almanza was fought, on the 25th of April, when the enemy gained a decisive victory. Tlie embarkation was afterwards delayed a short period ; but in the autumn the regiment arrived in England, and commenced re- cruiting its ranks, in which it had great success. The regiment was stationed in the south of England 1708 in the spring of 1708, when the King of France fitted ^ ■'1*1 ;' vi ■■ 1 1 16 HISTORICAL RECORD OF l708outa fleet, and embarked troops, for the invasion of Scotland, in favour of the Pretender. On this occasion the regiment had so far recruited its numbers, and become efficient, that it was selected to proceed to the north, to confront the invaders ; but it was ordered to halt at Leeds, in consequence of the French shipping having been chased from the British shores by the English fleet. Having defeated the enemy^s designs of invading the United Kingdom, the British Government fitted out an armament against the French coast, and the Thirty-fourth Foot were ordered to return from Yorkshire to take part in the enterprise. They pro- ceeded to the Isle of Wight, where they were reviewed by Major-General Erie, on the 19th of July, and after- wards embarked on board the fleet, under Admiral Sir George Byng. The expedition approached the coast of France in the early part of August, and after me- nacing several places, a landing was effected to create alarm, and make a diversion in favour of the allied army in Flanders. The troops subsequently returned on board the fleet, and, after menacing the coast at seve- ral points, withdrew towards England. Orders were afterwards received to proceed to Ostend, where the several regiments arrived on the 21st of September; when a body of French troops, under Count de la Motte, who was advancing to surprise the town, made a precipitate retreat towards Bruges, cutting the dikes to lay the coimtry between Ostend and Nieuport imder water. Major-General Erie landed with the Thirty- fourth and other regiments, and taking post at the village of Leffinghen, formed an intrenched position. At this period the allied army in the Netherlands was engaged in the siege of the important fortress of Lisle, and ammunition becoming scarce, the Duke of Marlborough sent seven hundred waggons, under a THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 17 Ion of casion mj and Ito the (red to lipping |)y the strong guard, to Ostend, for a supply. Major-General 17O8 Erie had drained the inundations, built a bridge over the canal at Leffinghen, and opened a communication with the army, towards which the waggons laden with stores began their march on the 26th of September; and the guard having repulsed the forces under Count de la Motto, at Wynendale, the convoy arrived safe at its destination, and the army was enabled to continue the siege. The French commanders resolved to cut off the communication of the allied army with Ostend, and the Duke of Vendosme proceeded to Oudenburg with thirty thousand men, established posts along the canal between Plassendale and Nieuport, cut the dikes in several places, and laid a great extent of country under water. The Thirty-fourth and other regiments, under Major-General Erie, pitched their tents on the high groimds of Raversein, and the Duke of Marlborough put the covering army in motion ; when the Duke of Vendosme made a precipitate retreat, and the Thirty- fourth Foot took part in forwarding a supply of ammunition across the inundations in boats. The Duke of Vendosme detached a body of troops to besiege Lcffinghen, which was taken after a sharp resistance. He also menaced the camp at Raversein, when Major-General Erie retreated to the outworks of Ostend. A numerous body of the enemy marching to Bra- bant, under the Elector of Bavaria, the Thirty- fourth, and four other regiments, embarked from Ostend, under Brigadier-General Wynne, for Antwerp, where they were stationed when the citadel of Lisle surrendered, and the campaign was terminated by the re-capture of Ghent and Bruges. The Thirty-fourth Regiment, being composed of 1709 young soldiers, was employed on garrison duty during the year 1709. 18 HISTORICAL RECORD OF ;| 1 || 1 1 j H ' 1'! ' nm i II t ' 1710 In April, 171O, the regiment quitted its quarters, and traversed the country towards the frontiers of France, to serve the campaign of that year with the army under the celebrated Duke of Marlborough. The regiment was engaged in the operations by which the French lines were passed at Pont-a-Vendin, and it afterwards took part in the siege of the strong fortress of Douay, where it had repeated opportunities of dis- tinguishing itself. This fortress was defended by a numerous garrison, under General Albergotti, an otfi/^er of reputation, who made a determined resistance ; and the soldiers of the Thirty-fourth Regiment were fully emplf^yed on duty in the trenches, carrying on the approaches, repulsing the sallies of the garrison, and storming the outworks, which occasioned considerable loss. The French army advanced to raise the siege, but did not hazard a general engagement ; and Douay surrendered on the 27th of June. The Thirty- fourth Regiment had one subaltern, six Serjeants, and seventy-five rank and file killed ; two captains, three subalterns, five Serjeants, and one hundred and twenty rank and file wounded, during the siege*. After the capture of this fortress, the regiment joined the main army, which was encamped at Villers- Brulin during the siege of Bethune, which fortress was reduced before the end of August. The regiment was subsequently employed in covering the sieges of Aire and St. Venantf both of which fortresses were captured before the end of the campaign. 1711 Quitting its winter quarters among the Walloon peasantry, in April, l7ll> the regiment joined the army, and was reviewed, at the camp at Warde, on the 8th of June, by the Duke of Marlborough. It was formed in brigade with the Tenth, Twenty-first, and * Boyrr's Annals of Queen Anne. THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 19 Wynne's (afterwards disbanded) Regiment, under Bri- 1711 gadier-General Hamilton, and took part in the movements by which the enemy's formidable lines were passed at Arleux, on ^/hich occasion the supe- riority of the English general's tactics was particularly conspicuous. This splendid success was followed by the siege of the town of Bouchainy situated on both sides of the river Scheldt, and the Thirty-fourth Regiment had the honor to take an active share in the operations against this fortress, which was taken by capitulation in the middle of September. When the damaged works at Bouchain were repaired, the regiment went into winter quarters. Early in April, 1712, the Thirty-fourth Regi- 1712 ment took the field, and joined the army under the command of the Duke of Ormond, who penetrated the French territory to the frontiers of Picardy, encamping at Cateau-Cambresisj while the Germans undertook the siege of Quesnoy. In the mean time the French monarch had solicited peace, and had agreed to deliver the city of Dunkirk into the hands of the British sove- reign, as a pledge of his sincerity. A suspension of arms was proclaimed between the British and French, and the army under the Duke of Ormond withdrew to Ghent. On the 4th of August the regiment was de- tached from the camp near Ghent, with several other corps, under Lieutenant-General the Earl of Orkney, to Dunkirk, where it was stationed some time. On the 30th of November, 1712, Queen Anne con- ferred the colonelcy of the regiment on Lieutenant- Colonel Thomas Chudleigh, from Brigadier-General Durell's regiment, in succession to Brigadier-General Hamilton, who, on the death of Brigadier-General Durell, in December following, was nominated colonel of his corps, — the Sixteenth Foot. ::-l i . ;| « ^3 20 iiiHTOfiicAL RKfJonD or m ill 1713 At the conclusion of the peace of Utrecht, the regi- men c was withdrawn from Dunkirk| ond proceeded to Great Britain. At this period a coniiderable reduction took place in the numberi of the regular army, and all the corps raised after the peace of Hyswick, in 1697) were directed to be taken off the eiitablishment, except two, viz., the Twenty-ei;,hth and Twenty-ninth Regi- ments of Foot. This reduction included the Thirty- fourth Regiment, which was accordingly reduced, and the officers placed upon half-pay. 1714 The decease of Queen Anne^ and the accession of King George I., on the Ist of August, 1714> was fol- 1715 lowed by a short period of tranquillity; but in 1715 the partisans of the Pretender made efforts to procure his accession to the throne, and commotions occurred in England; at the same time the nation was threa- tened with invasion from abroad. The King aug- mented the army, and warrant! were issued for the restoration of the Thirty-pourtii and several other regiments of foot, in the Hummer of this year. Names of the officer! appointed to the Thirty- fourth Regiment, at its restoration in the summer of 1715:— Colonel, Thomai CnufiLBioti. lAeutenant-Oolonelf Thomai WuitNBr. Mqjor, Charlbs Dovolas. Captains. Robert Hayes* Samuel Daniels Richard Doige Michael Moore Francis Mutys Henry Skelton Riclurd Pyott Lkutmmtt, — Sauberg uei Walter Yard Edward CookMy — Brereton WiUiAm Hamiltoa John Tremftigns ThomM B(ttt«tt Chrintopher Philipi Thnothy White William Hayii Thomai Ford Entigna. Henry Sirck Roger Sterne John Sutton John Spaddy Thomas Kitsou Thomas Parker Thomas Price John Brushfield William Wickham Afterwards colonel of the regiment. THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 31 Soon afterwards the standard of the Pretender was I7l<'i raised in Scotland, by the Earl of Mar; but the Thirty-fourth Regiment was retained in England ; and the rebellion was suppressed in the early part of 17I6, by the troops under t'lt Duke of Argyle. 1716 In 1717> the regiment received orders to proceed to 1717 Ireland, to relieve one of the corps ordered to be dis- banded in that country. The regiment remained in Ireland until the early 1718 part of 1719, when the preparations made by the King 1719 of Spain to forward the interests of the Pretender, occasioned it to be withdrawn from that country; and it was subsequently encamped in the Isle of Wight, and held in readiness for active service. The British Go- vernment projected the capture of Corunna, in Biscay, and of Peru, in South America; and the Thirty- fourth sailed in the early part of September with the 1 expedition, under General Viscount Cobham, for the attack of the former place ; but on arriving off the coast of Gallicia, circumstances occurred which occa- sioned an attack on Vigo to be resolved upon. The fleet entered the harbour of Vigo on the 29th of Sep- tember, seized on seven Spanish ships, and on the following day the troops landed under the fire of musketry from the mountains. Advancing towards the town, the British forced the Spaniards to abandon Vigo and Fort St. Sebastian, which were taken possession of by eight hundred men, under Brigadier-General Honey- wood. A battery being opened against the citadel, the garrison was soon induced to surrender, giving up two thousand barrels of powder, eight thousand muskets, and fifteen pieces of brass artillery, which had been pre- pared for the invasion of Britain in favour of the Pretender. While the siege of the castle of Vigo was in progress, Rondondella was captured by a detachment from the army; and on the 12th of October a thousand 1 :l!i ];■ 09 HISTORICAL RECORD OP m 1719 men proceeded^ under Major-General Wade, against Pont-a-Vedra, from whence thirteen companies of Spaniards fled in a panic ; the town, arsenal, barracks for two thousand men, thirteen pieces of brass and eighty-six of iron ordnance, Ave thousand small arms, three hundred barrels of powder, and a great quantity of other stores, were captured. The arsenal, barracks, and Fort Marine, were destroyed ; the iron ordnance and the more valuable stores were removed on board the fleet. Finding himself oppressed on every side, and his resources exhausted, the King of Spain made pacific overtures ; and a treaty of peace was concluded before the expedition to Peru was undertaken. The arma- ment returned to England, and the Thirty-fourth were again stationed in Ireland. 1723 On the 18th of February, 1723, Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Hayes, from the command of a company in the First Foot Guards, was appointed colonel of the regi- ment, by purchase, in succession to Colonel Chudleigh, who retired. 1726 ^®w years elapsed before the Spanish monarch again violated the peace of Europe. The possessions, of which he was deprived by the peace of Utrecht, in 1713, had been relinquished with reluctance, and towards the end of 17^6, he assembled an army in Andalusia, under the command of the Count de la Torres, to make a determined efibrt for the recapture of Gibraltar. 1727 In February, 1727^ the garrison of Gibraltar opened its fire on the besieging army; and the Thirty-fourth Regiment was, at this period, on its way from Ireland, to share in the honor of a successful defence of this important fortress. The regiment encountered a storm at sea, and lost several companies by shipwreck; six companies proceeded to Plymouth, and afterwards con- I THK THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. tinuing their voyage, arrived at Gibraltar on the 26th 1727 of March, in company with the Twenty-fifth Regiment; they were followed by several other corps. The gar- rison made a very gallant defence of the fortress com- mitted to their charge, against the storm of war, which raged against them with increasing fury until the thunder of one hundred cannon became almost inces- sant in the day time, and was partially continued throughout the night. The tremendous fire of the Spaniards produced little effect beyond the bursting of many of their own cannon, and rendering others useless; and many thousands of the besieging army perished in the attempt. In the early part of June, the fire slackened; on the 18th of that month hostilities ceased; and the fortress of Gibraltar continued to fomi one of the trophies of British prowess. Peace having been concluded with Spain, the regi- 1728 rnent was withdrawn from Gibraltar, and proceeded to Ireland, where it was conspicuous for its good conduct in quarJBrs. Colonel Robert Hayes died at Jamaica, on the 7th 1731 of April, 1731, and the colonelcy of the regiment remained vacant until the 8th of January 1732, when 1732 King George II. conferred the appointment on Lieu- tenant-Colonel Stephen Cornwallis, from the command of a company in the Foot Guards. Colonel Cornwallis commanded the regiment until 1738 1738, when he was removed to the Eleventh Foot, and was succeeded by Lieutenant-Colonel Lord James Cavendish. On the commencement of the war with Spain, in 1739 1739, the establishment of the regiment was augmented, and in the autumn it was removed to England. In 1740, a detachment of the regiment served on 1740 board the fleet, as marines. Colonel Lord James Cavendish died in November, 1741 24 HISTORICAL RECORD OP 1742 1741, and in 1742 th^ colonelcy of the regiment was conferred on Colonel the Honorable James Cholmon- deley, from the Fifty-ninth, now Forty-eighth Regi- ment. During the summer of this year a British army proceeded to Flanders, to support the house of Austria, against the united efforts of the King of France and the Elector of Bavaria, who were endeavouring to deprive the Archduchess, Maria Theresa, of her hereditary 1743 dominions. In 1743, a victory was gained at Dettin- 1 744 gen ; and in the summer of 1 744, the allied army confronted the forces of France in the Austrian Netherlands. In June, 1744, the Thirty-fourth Regiment embarked for Flanders, and joining the allied army at the camp on the bank of the Scheldt, took part in several operations. It penetrated the territory subject to France to the vicinity of Lisle ; and subsequently returned to Flanders, where it passed the winter. 1 745 The French monarch assembled a numerous army in the spring of 1745, and commenced operations by besieging the strong fortress of Toumay; and the Duke of Cumberland, having arrived in Flanders, assembled the allied army with the view of raising the siege. The Thirty-fourth were called from their quarters in April, to take part in this service; and when the allied army approached, the French took up a position at the village of Fontenoy. At an early hour on the morning of the 11th of May, the allied army advanced to engage the enemy, and the Thirty-fourth Regiment entered the plain in front of the French batteries, to take part in the action. Soon after nine o'clock, the British infantry moved forward to attack the French r sition on the right of the village of Fontenoy, an their gallant bearing, in the face of a storm of grape and musketry, was mon- Regi- V ri H i THIRTT-FOORTH (THE CDMBERLAND) REOIUF.NT OF FOOT, M DCC XLII- [Tit fai^ payr U exci the and seco Eng dest min the Thi this com ing the regi brig of ( was and Coi Sta wo. mis pla op so im to\ th( de Tl to vc THE THIRTY-KOUKTH FOOT. 25 excited admiration; by a resolute charge they broke 1745 the French lines; but the Dutch failed in their attack, and the British regiments were forced to retire. A second attack was made, and the heroic valour of the English infantry was conspicuous; their steady fire destroyed entire ranks of their enemy, and the deter- mined charge with the bayonet proved irresistible ; but the Dutch again failed, and a retreat was ordered. The Thirty-Fourth Regiment evinced great gallantry on this occasion, and it had the honor of performing a conspicuous part in covering the retreat, and in bring- ing up the rear of the right wing out of the plain, to the village of Vezont. The determined bearing of the regiment, with that of the Thirty-second Foot, and the brigade of Life Guards under Major-General the Earl of Crawford, intimidated the enemy, and the retreat was effected, without serious loss, to the town of Aeth. The regiment had one serjeant and seventeen rank and file killed; Lieutenants Cramer, Forrest, Mure, Courtenay, and Hargraves, Ensigns Donallen and Stacey, two Serjeants, and fifty-three rank and file wounded; one serjeant and twenty-seven rank and file missing. The regiment was afterwards encamped on the plains of Lessines ; and was subsequently employed in operations of a defensive character; but the enemy had so great a superiority of numbers, that it was found impossible to prevent the loss of several fortified towns. In the mean time, Charles Edward, eldest son of the Pretender, had arrived in Scotland, and being joined by the Highland clans, he resolved to make a desperate effort to overthrow the existing government. The Thirty-fourth regiment was ordered to return to E' gland on this occasion ; it left the camp at Vil- vorde on the 13th of September, embarked at William- 34 c u m si HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1745 stadty on tiie 19th, and arriving in the river Thames on the 23rd, landed at Blackwall, from whence it was ordered to proceed to Newcastle, where a body of troops was assembling under Field-Marshal Wade. Having joined this force, the regiment was formed in brigade with the Buffs, the Thirteenth, and Forty- eighth Regiments, and when the clans penetrated England, it marched by Durham, Darlington, and Richmond, in order to cover Yorkshire, and eventually proceeded to Ferrybridge, where it arrived on the 8th of December. When the Highlanders quitted Derby, and made a precipitate retreat to Scotland, the regi- ment was engaged in the attempt to intercept their return; but the clans escaped with the loss of a few men killed in a skirmish on Clifton moor. 1746 Early in January, 1746, the regiment marched to Edinburgh, from whence it advanced, with the troops imder Lieutenant-General Hawley, to Falkirk, for the purpose of forcing the insurgents to raise the siege of Stirling castle. The clans quitted Stirling, and on the l7th of January, they advanced to Falkirk moor; when the King's troops marched to attack the insurgents. As the royal army diverged upon the moor, a storm was seen approaching, and as the soldiers moved forward to commence the battle, a violent hurricane, with a heavy shower of rain, beat violently in their faces, and nearly blinded them; 9t the same time, it beat on the backs of the Highlanders and caused them little annoyance. The engagement commenced under great disadvantages to the King's troops, who could not see to take aim ; more than half the muskets would not give fire, and the powder became wet and useless while the men were in the act of loading. Being thus blinded and confounded by the storm, several regiments faced about and retreated. Others THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 21 stood firm and repulsed the clans; but durihg the 1746 night the whole retired. The regiment lost its com- ijr:anding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Powell, who was mortally wounded on this occasion. Its colonel, Briga- dier-General the Honorable James CholmondeUf, highly distinguished himself. The troops in Scotland were reinforced: his Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland assumed the com- mand, and on the 31st of January they again advanced; when the Pretender raised the siege of Stirling castle, and made a precipitate retreat. The Thirty-fourth were engaged in the pursuit of the clans to Perth, where the army halted in consequence of the severe weather, until the 20th of February, when the march was resumed, and in the beginning of the following month the army arrived at Aberdeen, where its pro- gress retarded by heavy rains and snow storms. In t :.iy part of April, the King's troops were again in motion towards Inverness, and on the 16th of that month, they discovered the clans in order of battle on Culloden mooTy when they formed line opposite the hostile ranks; the Thirty-fourth, or Cholmon- dele/s*, five hundred men, being in the right wing of the front line^ and on the left of the second battalion of the Royal regiment. The action commenced between twelve and One o'clock, and in less than one hour the rebel army was overpowered and chased from the moor with great slaughter. This victory was decisive, and it instantly transformed the young Pretender from an imaginary monarch to a humble fugitive ; an interval of hardship and suffering followed, and after wandering for some time in disguise, among the isles and mountains, he escaped to France. ' iU * ffittory of Scotland by Sir Walter Soon, Bart. c 2 28 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1746 The loss of the Thirty-fourth Regiment at the battle of CuUoden* was limited to three private soldiers. After returning from *he pursuit of the clans, f- f regiment was encamped a short time near Inver- ness, and it was subsequently employed in escorting prisoners towards South Britain. The rebellion being finally suppressed, the services of the Thirty-fourth were no longer required in Scotland, and they were stationed in England. 1 748 The war of the Austrian succession was terminated 1749 in 1748, by the trep'v of Aix-la-Chapelle, and in 1749 the regiment was placed on a peace establishment. Major-General the Honorable James Cholmondeley was removed to the Twelfth Dragoons, in July, 1749 ; and was succeeded in the colonelcy of the Thirty- fourth Foot by Colonel the Honorable Henry Sey- mour Conway, from the Forty-eighth Regiment. 1751 On the 1st of July, l751j regulations were issued, under the sign manual, for establishing uniformity in the clothing, standards, and colours of the several regiments; in which the facings of the Thirty- fourth were directed to be of bright yellow. The first, or the King's colour, was to be the Great Union ; the second, or regimental colour, to be of bright yellow silk, with the Union in the upper canton ; in the centre of the colour, the rank of the regiment in gold Roman characters, within a wreath of roses and thistles on the same stalk. The costume of the regiment at this period was three-cornered cocked hats, bound with white lace, and ornamented with a white loc^ and a black cockade ; scarlet coats faced and lined with bright yellow, and * Strength of the TniRTY-FovRTH Regiment at the battle of Culloden, 16th April, 1746: 2 field oificers, 7 captains, 16 subalterns, 21 Serjeants, 15 drum- mers, and 399 rank and file— 469 total. THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 39 ornamented with white lace; scarlet waistcoats and 1751 breeches ; and white gaiters. In December of this year. Colonel the Honorable Henry Seymour Conway was removed to the Thir- teenth Dragoons, and King George II. conferred the colonelcy of the Thirty-fourth Foot, on Colonel the Honorable Charles Russell, from major in the Second Foot Guards. Early in the year 1752, the regiment embarked for 1752 Minorca, the second of the Balearic islands, situated in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Spain: this island had fallen successively under the dominion of the Carthaginians, the Romans, the Vandals, the Moors, the Arragonese, and the Castilians; in 17O8 it was captured by the British, and it was ceded to Queen Anne at the peace of Utrecht in 1713. In this small island, which is diversified with hills and valleys, and in some parts rich in vegetation, and abounding with the necessaries and many of the luxuries of life, the Thirty-fourth were stationed several years. 1753 Colonel the Honorable Charles Russell died on the 1754 20th of November, 1754, and was succeeded in the command of the regiment by Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Earl of Effingham, from the second troop, nov/ second regiment, of Life Guards. While the regiment was stationed at Minorca, the 1755 undetermined limits of the British and French territory in North America, occasioned a war between the two kingdoms; and early in 1756, the French monarch 1756 prepared a powerful armament for the capture of the island of Minorca, The French expedition, commanded by Marshal Duke of Richelieu, arrived at Minorca in April, and effected a landing at Ciudadella; and no part of the island being fortified to resist so powerful a force, excepting Fort St. Philip, situate on a rocky prornon- « •i !•) m HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1756 tory at the entrance of the harbour of Port Mahon, the several detachments were withdrawn from the interior, and assembled in the fort, where they resolved on making a desperate defence, in the hope of being re- inforced. The Thirty-fourth mustered twenty-six officers, twenty-nine Serjeants, nineteen drummers, and six hundred and sixty-five rank and file lit for duty, ex- clusive of thirteen sick, under the command of Lieu- tenant-Colonel John Reed, for the defence of Fort St. Philip, and the officers s^nd soldiers evinced an extent of personal bravery and resolution, which reflected honor on their country. The garrison was commanded by Lieutenant-General Blakeney. The siege of the fort was commenced by the enemy, and the determined resistance encountered by the French commander occasioned him to send for additional forces. The conduct of the garrison became a subject of admiration, and the bravery and vigilance of the officers inspired the soldiers with increased confidence. The British fleet was discovered on the 19th of May, and the soldiers, having become exhausted by hard duty, were stimulated to perseverance by the prospect of being speedily relieved; but were dis- appointed: Admiral Byng skirmished with the French squadron, and afterwards retired, for which conduct he was subsequently brought to trial, and shot. Lieu- tenant-General Thomas Fowke, then commanding at Gibraltar, was also brought to trial, for not sending a reinforcement to Minorca, and sentenced to be sus- pended for one year; the king confirmed the sentence, and directed Lieutenant-General Fowke to be dismissed the service. Although thus abandoned to their fate, the four regiments in garrison at Fort St. Philip, (viz., the THB THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. •i Fourth, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Thirty- 1756 fourth) defended their post with great gallantry; incessant duty and watching so exhausted the soldiers, that they frequently were overpowered by sleep under a heavy cannonade, yet they persevered with admirable resolution. During the night of the 27th of June, a general assault was made by the enemy at several points, when the garrison met the assailants with great courage, and repulsed them several times with much slaughter, — many of the sick and wounded coming out of the hospital to take part in the defence. The enemy's superior numbers enabled him to renew the attack, &nd after much severe fighting he gained posses- sion of three of the outworks. On the following day, conditions of capitulation were tendered and accepted; when the French marshal caused it to be inserted in the articles, — " The noble and vigorous defence which ''the English have made, having deserved all the marks " of esteem and veneration which every military man " ought to show to such actions, and Marshal Richelieu " being desirous also to show to General Blakeney the ''regard due to the defence he has made, grants to the " garrison all the honors of war they can enjoy under "the circumstances of going out for an embarkation; "to wit, — ^firelocks on their shoulders, drums beating, " colours flying, twenty cartridges each man, and also "lighted match. He consents, also, that General " Blakeney and his garrison carry away all the effects " that belong to them." On this subject, Beatson observes in his Naval and Military Memoirs, — "Thus did four regiments, and one " company of artillery;, maintain the fort against such " numbers of the enemy, by sea and land, for such a " length of time, as can, perhaps, scarcely be paralleled in history. The terms on which the fort was at last (( 51 :h M J ■ ! t^' ft M18Y0KICAL RMCOttD Of 1 756 <' surrendered by a handful of men, mo diitressed, so " shattered, and so neglected, remaini a lasting monu- " ment to their honor." The regiment had Captcin Hobby, Lieutenant Armstrong, and twelve rank and file killed during the siege; also Captain 6ir Hugh Williams, Bart., and seventy-seven non-commiNRioned officers and soldiers wounded; seven men died of their wounds, and two of diseases produced by excessive exertion > at the general assault the regiment only lost four men. Immediately after the surrender of Fort St. Philip, the regiment embarked for Oibraltar, and after a short stay at that fortress, procefeded to England, where its arrival was hailed with acclamations by the inhabitants of the towns through which it passed, who were proud of the honor acquired by the regiments which defended the principal fortress of Minorca. 1757 Soon after its arrival in England the regiment was augmented to two battaliontf and in the summer of 1757, both battalions were encamped on Barham downs, under the Duke of Marlborough : the second battalion afterwards served on board the fleet as marines. 1758 In June, 1758, the second battalion was constituted the Seventy-third Regimmtf under the command of Colonel Browne. This regiment was disbanded at the peace in 1763. The Thirty-fourth Regiment proceeded to the Isle of Wight, where it was formed in brigade with the Twenty-fourth and Seventy-second Regiments, under the orders of Major-General Granville Elliott, and sailed with the armament, under the Duke of Marl- borough, for the purpose of reducing the maritime power of France, and making a diversion in favour of the allied army in Germany. A landing was effected on the coast of Brittany on the 6 th of June, and the TUB THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 88 French infantry and cavalry assembled to oppose the 1758 debarkation were quickly dispersed. On the Jth of June the army advanced in two columns towards St. Maloes, and encamping about a mile from the town, sent a strong detachment to the harbour^ to set fire to the shipping, magazines, and. maritime stores, when a grand and dreadful scene of conflagration illuminated the coast, and was seen for many miles. Having destroyed a valuable fleet, and extensive magazines of maritime storec, the troops re-embarked, and prepara- tions were afterwards made for a descent at Granville, on the coast of Normandy, and afterwards at Cherbourg ; but the weather being severe, the fleet returned to England. This success was followed by the preparation of another expedition of a similar character, in which the Thirty-fourth Regiment was also employed ; and on the 6th of August a landing was eflected in the Bay des Marees, in the face of a body of French troops. On the following day Cherbourg was taken possession of, with the harbour, forts, magazines, and about two hundred pieces of ordnance ; the iron guns were destroyed, and twenty-two fine brass cannon and two brass mortars, were sent to England as trophies. These guns were seen by King George IJ , in Hyde Park, and afterwards conducted by a cavalcade to the Tower. After remaining in France ten days, the troops re- turned on board the fleet, and a second descent was made on the coast of Brittany on the 4th of Septem- ber, when the batteries in the Bay of St. Lunaire were destroyed, and the troops afterwards penetrated the country a considerable distance; but no advantage resulted from this enterprise, and when the troops re-embarked at St. Cas, the enemy attacked the rear guard with superior numbers, and occasioned severe loss. The Thirty-fourth Foot returned to England, ^n. H ;'' f: ii li i '! 34 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1 758 and landed at Portsmouth towards the end of Sep- tember. . > 1759 In the summer of 1759, the Thirty-fourth were encamped at Sandheath, with the Fifth, Eighth, and Thirty-third Regiments, under the Earl of Ancram; 1760 and in the summer of 17^0, they pitched their tents at Winchester, where five battalions of militia were en- camped with them, the whcle under the colonel of the Thirty-fourth, — ^Thomas Earl of Effingham. On the 30th of October, King George III. nomi- nated the Earl of Effingham to the command of the first troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, (which was incorporated in the First Regiment of Life Guards in 1788,) and his Majesty conferred the colonelcy of the Thirty-fourth on Lord Frederick Cavendish, from the Sixty- seventh Regiment*. 1761 During the summer of 1761) the regiment was encamped, with the Seventy-second Foot, at Sand- heath, under Lieutenant- General Comwallis. 1762 Meanwhile the conduct of the Spanish Government had led to an interruption of the amicable relations existing between the two countries, and in the early part of 1762 an attack on the Havannah, in the island of Cuba, which was looked upon as a key to the Spanish settlements in the West Indies, was resolved upon by the British Government; and the Thirty- fourth Regiment, mustering one thousand officers and soldiers, under Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed, embarked for this service ; the expedition being under General the Earl of Albemarle. On arriving at the West Indies, the regiment was formed in brigade with * On being appointed to the colonelcy of the regiment in 1760, Lord Frederick Cavendish presented to the officers' mess two handsome silver vases, which still ornament the mess-table of the corps. THB THIRTY-POUBTH VOOT. 35 the Thirty-fifth, Forty-third, and Seventy-fifth Regi- 1762 ments, under Brigadier-General Reed ; and proceeding with the armament through the Straits of Bahama, arrived in the vicinity of the Havannah on the 6th of June. On the following day a landing was effected, and the siege of the Moro Fort was commenced by a body of troops under Major-General the Honorable William Keppel. In the attack of this fortress, the troops evinced that courage and patient perseverance under severe toil and privation, for which British soldiers have been distinguished, and united with the cordial co-operation of the royal navy, overcame all difficulties. Batteries were erected, the sallies of the Spaniards repulsed, and the More Fort captured by storm on the 30th of July. This success facilitated the attack on the Havannah, and a series of batteries opened so well-directed a fire on the works of the town, and on the shipping in the harbour, on the 11th of August, that in a few hours the guns of the garrison were silenced, and the Spaniards solicited terms of capitulation, which were speedily agreed upon. The wealthy city of the Havannah, with a valuable fleet of Spanish men-of-war, and numerous stores, were thus captured by British skill and valour, and prize money to a large amount was afterwards distributed to the army and navy. " This conquest was, without doubt, *^ in itself the most considerable, and in its consequences ''the most decisive, of any we had made since the '' beginning of the war ; and in no operation were the " courage, steadiness, and perseverance of the British " troops, and the conduct of their leaders, more conspi- " cuous. It was a military achievi^ment of the highest "class*." The regiment was commanded, on this occasion, by w «i ■ V ■m t n ■i'i ?' Bbatson's Naval and Military Memoirt. 36 IIISTORICilL RECORD OP I 1 762 Major Robert Furmar, (Lieutenant-Colonel Heed being at the head of the brigade,) and after taking part in this splendid conquest, it was stationed a short time at the Havannah. 17<>3 In the following year a treaty of peace was con- cluded, and the Spaniards ceded to Qreat Britain the country of Florida, in North America, on condition of having the Havannah restored to them, which was agreed to ; and the Thirty-fourth Regiment was one of the corps which proceeded to North America, to take possession of the ceded territory. 1764 In the pleasant and fertile country of West Florida, 1768 the regiment was stationed some time; in 1768 it was relieved from duty in North America, and returned to 1769 Europe, and in 1769 it was stationed in Ireland. 1770 The regiment was quartered in Ireland seven years ; 1774 and was equally conspicuous for good conduct on home service, as it had been for gallantry when confronting the enemies of its country abroad. 1775 In 1775, the misunderstanding between Great Bri- tain and her North American provinces, on the subject of taxation, attained a character which produced hos- tilities, and the Thirty-fourth Regiment was aug- mented to the war establishment. The American Congress sent a body of troops, under Colonel Mont- gomery, to invade Canada, where Major-General Carleton, afterwards Lord Dorchester, commanded, and the English general, having very few troops to oppose to the enemy, evacuated Montreal, and retired to Quebec. The Americans detached a division of troops, under Colonel Arnold, to surprise Quebec; but this enterprise failed, through the activity and vigilance of Major-General Carleton, who defended that fortress against the united provincial forces, and repulsed an assault made on the works, during a snow storm, in the depth of winter. TUB THIKTYFOI'RTII FOOT. 37 The Thirty-fourth Regiment embarked from 1776 Ireland early in the spring of 1776? ^or the relief of Quebec ; and on the arrival, in the river St. Lawrence, of the expected succours from the United Kingdom, in May, the Americans quitted the vicinity of that fort- ress, and made a precipitate retreat. The Thirty- fourth Regiment advitiiced up the country in pursuit of the provincial troops, and took part in the move- ments by which the Americans were driven out of Canada. The regiment was stationed in Canada during the winter. In the spring of 1777> the flank companies of the 1777 regiment were detached from Canada, with th;; army under Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, which was des- tined to proceed, by Lakes Champlain and George, to Hudson's river, with the view of forcing its v, .y to Albany, and co-operating with the army at New York, in the reduction of the revolted states. The troops employed on this service embarked on board a flotilla, and, after a pleasant voyage along Lake Champlain landed at Crown Point, from whence they advanced towards Ticonderago, and forced the Americans to abandon the fort. This conquest achieved, the troops proceeded to Skenesborough, and drove the enemy from a stockaded fort on the 6th of July, and pursued them towards Castletown. On the 8th of July the Americans were repulsed in an attack on the Ninth Regiment, and driven from Fort Anne. After this success, preparations were made for a forward move- ment; but extraordinary difliculties had to ^ e encoun- tered ; felled trees had to be removed from the roads, — creeks and marshes had to be passed, — forty new bridges had to be constructed, and others to be re- paired; one made of log-work crossed a morass two miles in extent. These difficulties were overcome by the soldiers with cheerful alacrity, and on the 30th of 38 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1777 July the troops arrived on the banks of the Hudson's river, when they took post at Fort Edward, awaiting the arrival of provisions. The river was crossed in September, and a forward movement was made ; bat the expedition proved of insufficient force for the enter- prise, and the means for supplying the troops inadequate. Having penetrated into the heart of the revolted pro- vinces. Lieutenant- General Burgoyne found himself encompassed by difficulties and dangers which he was unable to overcome. After a series of hard toil, inces- sant effort, and severe privation, the Indian warriors, who formed part of the expedition, deserted, and many of the Canadians followed their example; and after several stubborn engagements, in which the British regiments fought gallantly against an immense supe- riority of numbers, and the flank companies of the Thirty-fourth Foot had repeated opportunities of distinguishing themselves. Lieutenant- General Bur- goyne found himself on the banks of the Hudson's river, with an army diminished in numbers to three thousand five hundred men, — reduced in physical power by incessant toil and want of provisions, — invested by an army of sixteen thousand Americans, — disappointed of co-operation from other armies, — and without pro- vision. Under these dismal circumstances, a convention was concluded with the American General Gates, at Saratoga, in which it was agreed that the troops should lay down their arms, on condition of being sent to England, and of not serving in America during the remainder of the war. These articles were violated by the American government, and the brave soldiers who had fought so gallantly, and who did not submit until surrounded by five times their own numbers, were detained prisoners in America. The bftttplion companies of the regiment, which had remained in Cpnida, were not involved in this occur- rence. or S THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 39 In the several actions between the Americans and 1777 the troops under Lieutenant-General Burgoyne^ the flank companies of the Thirty-fourth had a number of men killed and wounded ; also Captains Harris and Ross, and Lieutenant Richardson, wounded. The battalion companies furnished a detachment of one hundred men, for the expedition to the Mohawk, under Brigadier-General Barry St. Leger. This de- tachment was engaged in the unsuccessful siege of Fort Stantviv. The Thirty-fourth Regiment formed part of the 1778 force to which the protection of Canada wm confided during the remainder of the American war, which was terminated in 1782, by a treaty of peace, in which the independence of the United States was acknowledged. A letter, dated the 31st of Au^st, 1782, conveyed 1782 to the regiment His Majesty's pleasure that it should assume the title of the Thirty-fourth, or Cumber- land Regiment of Foot, and that a connection and mutual attachment between the corps and that county should be cultivated, in order to promote the success of the recruiting service. The regiment remained in Canada until 1786, when 1786 it was relieved, and returned to Europe. In 1787 it 1787 was stationed in England. On the breaking out of the French revolutionary 1792 war, the establishment of the regiment was augmented. In 1793 a British army proceeded to Flanders ; but the 1793 Thirty-fourth remained in Great Britain until the middle of February, 1795, when they embarked for the 1795 West Indies. Previous to this date the revolutionary principles, which had involved France in anarchy and crime, had extended to the French West India islands ; but the planters of these colonies had been delivered from the power of the republicans by a British armament, under ^:5 ■vll ,1 I ''hi 40 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1 795 General Sir Charles (afterwards Earl) Grey ; the Thirty-fourth Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant- Colontl Dickens, proceeded to St. Lucia, which island had been captured from the French in April, 1794. The National Convention which governed France, although employed in extending revolutionary power in Europe, paid so much attention to the colonial interests of that nation, as to send an expedition to the West Indies, for the recovery of the conquered islands ; and the doctrines of liberty and equality, which were dis- seminated in the islands, occasioned multitudes of mulattoes, blacks, and Charibbees to array themselves under the standard of republicanism, which led to a frightful catalogue of outrages and depredations. St. Lucia, where the Thirty-fourth were stationed, was among the colonies attacked by the enemy, and the regiment was engaged a short period in its defence, in which it lost several men, and Captain Dodsworth was taken prisoner, on the 18th of June. The British troops not being sufficiently numerous for the defence of the island, it was evacuated, the Thirty-fourth Regiment proceeding to St. Vincent, where republican emissaries from France had organised a rebellion, and many whites, mulattoes, blacks, and navi vi- Charibbees, were in arms against the British Government, which occasioned the regiment much severe service*. 1796 Early in 1796, additional forces arrived at the West Indies, where Lieutenant-General Sir Ralph Abercromby assumed the command of an armament to complete the deliverance of the West India islands from the power of the republicans, and to reduce to obe- dience tlio insurgeiits of St. Vincent and Grenada. On the 8th of June, a body of troops landed at the Sc • On the 22nd January, 1796, Private John Perry waa pi-o- moted to serjeant for gallant conduct before tlie enemy. hn THE THlRTY-FOrUTII KOOT. 41 sland of St. Vincent, and were joined by the Thirty- 1796 FOURTH Foot, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Dickens, who had the honour of taking a distinguished part in the reduction of the colony, which was accom- plished in a few days. Part of the regiment evinced signal gallantry at the assault and capture of the insur- gent camp, on the 10th of Ju'ie, when Sir Ralph Abercromby stated in orders, — " Lieutenant-Colonel " Dickens, and the troops who nerved under hitn, are " entitled to a great share of praise." The regiment had two Serjeants, one drummer, and six rank and file killed ; Volunteer Gordon died of his wounds ; Lieu- tenants O'Donoughue and Georges, nine serjeants, three drummers, and sixteen rank and file wounded. The hostile spirit long shown by the Charibbees towards the European inhabitants, occasioned the Bri- tish Government to determine to remove them from the island; and the execution of the orders received for this purpose was attended with much harassing duty to the troops, in which the Tiiiiity-pourth took part, and sustained some loss. The regiment afterwards received the thanks of Major-General Hunter, and of the principal inhabitants of the colony, for its conduct in the brigand and Charibbee war. On the 15th of July, the regiment embarked for England, where it arrived on the 8th of October, and was stationed at Poole, in Dorsetshire, from whence recruiting parties were detached to various towns in South Britain. In the spring of l7f>7*> the regiment proceeded to 1797 York, where the non-commissioned officers and soldiers evinced their loyalty and 'ica,\ for the preservation of tlie constitution of tlieir country, by a c(mtribution in is * In this year Lieutenant-Coioiiol Cunynglmm presented a handsome silver side dish to the officers' mess, wliich is still in their possession. 34 o laiMiw*"- 42 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1797 aid of the war, for which they received the thanks of Lieutenant-General Scott, commanding the district. In the autumn the regiment marched to Lincoln. Field-Marshal Lord Frederick Cavendish was suc- ceeded in the colonelcy of the regiment in July by George Frederic!: Lord Southampton, from captain and lieutenant-colonel Second Foot Guards. 1798 The regiment remained in England during the 1799 years 1798 and 1799, and, having been brought into a high state of discipline and efficiency, it was selected to proceed on colonial service. 1800 In January, 1800, the regiment * marched from Hilsea barracks, and embarking on board an Indiaman, sailed to the Cape of Good Hope, where it landed on the 21st of May, and occupied barracks at Cape Town until September, when it pitched its tents at Wynberg, where a numerous force was encamped under Major- Coneral Dundas. 1801 After remaining two years and a half at the Cape of Good Hope, that colony was restored to the Dutch, at 1802 the peace of Amiens, in 1802, and the regiment embarked for the East Indies, where it arrived in 1803 January, 1803, and landed at Madras on the 2nd of February. The regiment was stationed at Madras several months, during which period the conduct of the officers and soldiers on the occasion of an alarming fire, elicited the following communication to Colonel Dickens, from the merchants of that place : — " Impressed with a "grateful sense of the extraordinary exertions mani- "fested by the officers and men of His Majesty^s "Thirty-fourth Regiment, under your co'^mand, " on the occasion of the late calamitous fires, we fcjl it "incumbent upon us to oiFer you and them our public "acknowledgements for the service rendered to the "commercial interests in particular, and at the same «( ms THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 43 "tire to request you will be assured of our sincere 1803 " re ipect for the public spirit which uniformly animates " the British military on every emergency." The peace of Europe was violated by the ambitious projects of Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of France, and the war was resumed in 1803, in July of which year two companies of the regiment embarked, under Captain Everard, for the island of Ceylon, which had been captured from the Dutch, and they were followed by two additional companies, under Captain Roberts, in October. In 1804 the head-quarters were removed irom 1804 Madras to Wallajabad, where they arrived on the 21st of August. In December a detachment returned to Madras, where it embarked for Vizagapatam, to pr'^tect the shipping. In the mean time the menace of invading England, made by Nr.poleon Bonaparte, had been followed by a simultaneous appeal to arms throughout the United Kingdom, and an array of military power was mani- fested which proved the attachment of the British people to their sovereign and constitution. On this memorable occasion a second battalion was added to the Thirty-fourth Regiment, and was embodied at Ashford, in Kent. It was formed of volunteers from the First East YorL, Third West York, First Lanca- shire, South Lincoln, and East Essex Regiments of Militiii;, and was placed on the establishment of the army on the 25th of April, 1805. Soon after its formation, the second battalion marched to Colchester. Bonaparte obtained the dignity of Emperor from the French nation, was crowned King of iialy, and added Genoa to his don-iiiions; he afterwards marched his army from Boulogne to crush the coali- tion forming against his interests in Germany ; at the D 2 ■\\ 44 iilS'iORICAL RECORD OF 1805 same time the French troops were withdrawn from Hanover, which country they had seized soon after the resuming of hostilities in 1803. A body of troops was sei;t to Hanover under Lieutenant-General Loi«i Cathcart, to co-operate with the continental powers ; and on the 38th c. November the second batted or of the Thirty fiQURTn Regiment marc! ed to Ramsga^e for embarkation for Germuav, undv?r the orders of Major Broomhead. The buttJe of Austerlit.4 estab- lished the prepondeiiince of French power ; in a subsequent treaty it was stipulated that lJr;nover should bo occupied by the Prus-iiana, and the, British troops, under Lord Cathcart, withdrew to the coa^> an:' embarked for England. On its return froiA \\\\i, expjJJtiop the bat'alion was quartered on the coast of Sussev In ^ir.rch of this year, the detachment of the first bavtalion was withdrawn from Ceylon, and joined the head -quarters at Wallajabad ; and in Apiil four com- panies proceeded to the fortress of Vellore, which had been chosen for the residence of the captive princes of the race of Hyder and Tippoo, with the tw(i hostages given up to Lord Cornwallis. In October, the battalion was united at Bellary. 1806 During the year 1806, the first battalion was in garrison at the fortresses of Gooty and Bellary. Lieu- tenant-Colonel Fancourt of the Thirty-fourth Regi- ment was commandant of Vellore, and was killed in the mutiny which took place among the Sepoys and Moor- men, on the morning of the 10th July, 1806. 1807 ^" April, the second battalion embarked for the island of Jersey, where it remained until May, 1807, when it was removed to the Isle of Wight, in or^'er to its embarkation for the island of Ceylon; but while waiting for shipping, its destination was changed, and it proceeded to Cork, to join a secr,^*^^ r jpedition ordered to rendezvous at that place, \>x\iSi. Brigadier- E^ in dii thi THE TIllRTY-POlTRTII FOOT. 45 II' General Beresford. The expedition sailed to Madeira, IH07 and took possession of that island; but the TiiiinY- FOURTii landed in Ireland, were stationed at JJandon barracks, and placed under orders to proceed to India. In December they embarked from Cork, and sailed to Spithead, where they arrived on the 18th of January, 1808; but circumstances had occurred which 1808 occasioned their embarkation for India to be counter- manded; they landed and marched to Steyning bar- racks, where they remained until May, when they returned to the island of Jersey. During this period, the first battalion had remained at Gooty and Bellary. The second battalion was stationed at Jersey until IQO!) the summer of 1809, when it was completed to a thousand rank and file by volunteers from the militia, and embarked for the Peninsula, to join the British army, under Sir Arthur Wellesley, and take part in the deliverance of Portugal and Spain from the tyrannical domination of the Emperor Napoleon, who was attempting to bring those kingdoms under his despotic sway. After landing at Lisbon, on the 4th of July, the battalion was encamped near that place, witli the brigade under Brigadier-General James Catlin Crau- furd, for three weeks, and afterwards proceeded in boats up the river Tagus, under Lieutenant-Colonel Maister, to Santarem, from whence it marched into Spain, to co-operate with the troops under Lieutenant- General Lord Wellington, who had driven the French from Portugal, and repulsed the army under Joseph Bonaparte (titular King of Spain) at Talavera, a hhort time before. After several movements, the brigade joined the army under Lord Wellington in Sjxiiiish Estremadura; and the Thirty-fourth were placed in nllage cantonments on the right bank of the Gua- diana, near Baduj iz, where the battalion suffered from the epidemic fever which thinned the British ranks. ■ •■■r n i*v: «tr<9Ki*J(.1M**«««««MI t^wmmH 46 HI8TOHICAL. UKCiUltl) OV 1809 When Lord Wellington (narchcd northward, the Thirty-fourth were left in Portuguese Estremadura, under Lieutenant-General Sir Rowland Hill. In the mean time, the diNuflTection to the civil authorities of Madras, which occurred in the native army in India, particularly among the European officers, had occasioned the first battalion to be withdrawn from garrison, and to be employed in services neces- sary to bring the disaffected to Hubmisdion; at the same time four captains and eight lieutenants were attached to the Company's artillcjry, and to the Seventh, Ninth, Twenty-second, and Twenty-fifth ttegiments of native infantry, in the place of the suspended officers: officers of the Thirty-fourth were also appointed to perform the duties of assistant adjutant-general, fort-adjutant, and deputy judge ad' ;, Jq, The Thirty-fc t.vi H lU;dment performed many long marches with ihi^ fitild force, under Colonel Conran, of the First, o» si; « i^oyal Regiment of Foot, in October, November, and December, 1809, and it was also frequently in motion during the first four ]g]Q months of 1810. On the 8th of May it encamped at Jaulnah, and was in tents during the periodical heavy rains: in October it moved into temporary barracks. Previous to this period, the arrival of Lord Minto, Governor-General of India, liod been followed by happy results, and the authority of the civil govern- ment of Madras had been restored. In the Peninsula, the immense preparations of the French for the campaign of IHIO, induced Lord Wellington to limit his operations to the defence of Portugal; and the second Imttalion of the Thirty- f(;urth was employed, with the division under Lieu- tenant-(ieneral Sir Rowland /fill, on the Alemtejo frontier, in opposition to i\u> French under General Reynier, Portugal being invaded by a powerful French army, under Marslia) M»i«»ena, Prince of or m( bt THK THIRTV-FUIJKTII FOOT. 47 Esling, the British forces withdrew before the suptrtor iMlo numbers of the enemy. The movements of the Thirty-fourth were the same as those of the second division of the army, and after passing the Mondego river, early on the morning of the 26th of September, they took post on the right of tlie position on the rocks of Busaco, where an array of British power was prepared to resist the torrent of invasion. The Prince of Esling assailed this position on the 27th of Sep- tember, when the furious attacks of the veteran legions of Napoleon were repulsed by Britisli valour. After astonishing efforts, the French fell back; and they subsequently turned the left of the position by a flank movement; when the British commander withdrew to the lines of Torres Vedras, where a series of works, • along a range of lofty mountains, opposed a formidable barrier to the progress of the enemy. The Thirty- fourth had their post in the lines, and were stationed at Calendrix, and afterwards at Bucellas. The French commander viewed the stupendous works of Torres Vedras with surprise, and being unable CO accomplish his menace of driving the English into the sea, and planting the eagles of France on the towers of Lisbon, he withdrew to Itri-ntarem in the middle of November. On the retrograde movement of the enemy taking place, the divisio)! of which the Thirty-fourth formed part, was o.dered to cross the Tagus, and move upon Abrantes, to succour ..hat place, or head the march of the enemy. The battalion passed the river on rafts ; but when the enemy was found in position at Santarem, Sir Pjwland Hill's division was ordered to halt at Chamusca. The battalion passed the 'winter in village canton- ments on the left bank of the I'agus, and the country being low and marshy, tie health of the soldiers suffered from agues. ^i If Ki > !' ■0 ■'4 i !!^l i; mmmi m 4S UIMTORICAL RECORD OF 1810 On the decease of Lord Southampton, in tlie summer of this year, the colonelcy of the regiment was conferred on Lieutenant-General Sir Eyre T'oote, from the Sixty-second Foot. 1^11 The first ba«^*^"'i >n MfFered from the effects of the climate at Javvluah, i the East Indies, and was re- moved in May, 1811, to Secunderabad ; when it left one hunched and thirty men in hospital. To the second battalion was appointed the duty of watcVimg the movements of the e.iemy, to prevent the passage of the Tagus by thu French, ^^n one occa- sion an island in the river was taken possession of )>y a f^etachment of the enemy; but the light companies of ^'le brigade, of which the Thirty-fourth formed part, dislodged the French, and the island was occupied by a company of the regiment, until the 5th of March, when the Prince of Esling quitted his position and r-etreated. The Thirty-fourth pursued the retreating enemy towards the confines of Portugal, witnessing scenes of slaughter, devastation, and confusion, produced by the i \ army, beyond description; the battalion was aiterwards detached, with other forces, under Field- Marshal Sir William Carr Beresford, to the relief of Campo May or f which fortress was besieged by a detach- ment from the Freich army, commanded by Marshal Soult. This place surrendered before the troops marching to its relief arrived, and as the British approached, the French, having dismantled the works, were marching out of the town, when some fighting occurred, in which the Thirteenth Light Dragoons evinced great gallantry. The fortress of Olivenza was afterwards captured; and the siege of Badajo was commenced, in which the Thirty-fourth were inp'^yed and sustained some loss. THE TIIIRTY-FOUKTIl FOOT. -I!) While the siege of Badaji was in progress, IH 11 Marshal Soult assembled a num tous force, and ad- vanced to the relief of that fortress, when Marshal Beresford moved forward to meet him, and took u\) u position at Albuhera, where he was joined by a Spanish division under General Blake. The Thikty-fouutii, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel William Fenwick, were in position, and were formed in brigade with the first battalion of the Twenty-eighth and the second battalion of the Thirty-ninth Regiments, under Lieu- tenant-Colonel the Honorable Alexander Abercromby. On the morning of lue IGth of May, the enemy made a light attack on the village of Albuhera, and on the bridge, to draw attention to that point; and soon afterwards powerful columns of infantry, supported by a numerous force of cavalry and artillery, assailed the heights on the right, from which the Spaniards were forced to retire. Lieutenant-Colonel Colborne's bri- gade of the second division, under Lieutenant-General Stewart, rushed up the heights with great gallantry; but was nearly annihilated by a charge of the enemy's Polish lancers and hussars on its rear. Major-General Hoghton reached the heights with the third brigade, under a heavy cannonade, and was soon engaged in a furious contest in which many officers and soldiers fell, and Major-General Hoghton was shot in the act of cheering his men: the battle raged with dreadful fury, and this brigade was nearly destroyed. At a critical moment the Fusiliers mounted the hill on the right of the remnant of the third brigade, at the same time the Twenty-eighth, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-ninth passed on its left; and this gallant line arrested the progress of the French columns, whii h were pressing forward in anticipation of victory. The heads of the enemy's masses were broken by the steady fire of the British soldiers, who closed on their ( 1 50 IIIMTORICAL RECORD OF 1811 numerous adversaries, and sternly contended for v"« tory. The Thirty-fourth were severely engaged; many officers and soldiers fell, and Ensign Sursficld, bearing the regimental colour, was shot; the colour was seized by another officer, and the battalion pressed forward upon its opponents, who, by a determined and continued attack, were driven from the heights, and the British soldiers stood victorious on the contested hill. Marshal Soult, finding that his French soldiers could not force the position, withdrew beyond the river, and the battle was thus won by the divisions of the allied army, under Marshal Sir William Carr Beresford, who stated in his public despatch, — " It is " impossible to enumerate every instance of discipline "and valour shown on this severely contested day; " but never troops more valiantly or more gloriously " maintained the honor of their respective countries." Captain George Gibbons, Lieutenant Thomas Castle, and Ensign Sarsfield, witb three Serjeants, and twenty-seven rank and file of the Thirty-fourth were killed; and Captains G. J. Widdrington and John Wyatt, Lieutenants John Hay, and Walsh, with six Serjeants, and eighty-five rank and file wounded. The word " Albuhera," displayed by royal authority, on the colours of the regiment, commemo- rates the distinguished gallantry of the second bat- talion on this occasion; and a medal was conferred on its commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel William Fenwick. After the victory at Albuhera, the siege of Badajoz was resumed ; but the advance of two powerful French armies, under Marshal Massena and Marshal Soult, occasioned the British commander to raise the siege and take post behind the Caya, where the superior numbers of the enemy did not venture to attack him. TUB TIIIRTY-KOUKTII KOOT. 51 and in a short time tlie French retired. Lord VVel- IHll lington marclied ttie main body of the army to the province of Beira, leaving ten thousand infantry, with a proportion of cavalry and artillery, in the Alemtejo, under Sir Rowland Hill; and the Thirtv-fouuth formed a part of this force. General Girard's division of the Fifth French corps having taken post at Caceres, Sir Rowland Hill advanced, on the 22nd of October, to drive the enemy from thence, and on the approach of the British troops, the French retired, halting at Arroyo de Molinos, a village situate in a plain at the foot of a ridge of rocks rising in the form of a crescent. An opportunity presenting itself to eflFect the surprise of this corps, the British performed a forced march in cold, wet, stormy weather, and arrived at the vicinity of the village at daybreak on the morning of the 28th of October, their approach being concealed by a thick mist with heavy rain. The French infantry were assem- bling outside the village to commence their march, the baggage was being loaded, and General Girard was waiting at his quarters for his horse, when suddenly the Seventy-first and Ninety-second British Regiments charged into the village, capturing much baggage and many prisoners; at the same time the Twenty-eighth and Thirty-fourth made a detour, supported by the Thirty-ninth, to cut oflf the enemy's retreat. The French formed two squares, and commenced retreat- ing ; the British pressed resolutely upon their oppo- nents; the Thirteenth Light Dragoons captured the French artillery, the Ninth Light Dragoons and Second Hussars King's German Legion overpowered the enemy's cavalry, and the Twenty-eighth and Thirty-fourth Foot cut off the retreat of the French infantry by the main road. Thus beset on every side, the French soldiers dispersed, and rushed with WK^fmrnmiit ant*""*"" S2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1811 great speed up the steep mountain by an unfrequented path; when the Twenty eighth and Thirty-eourth British Foot passed a ploughed field at a running pace, and ascended the difficult precipice in pursuit, chasing the enemy among the rugged heights, and capturing many prisoners; a battalion of the French Thirty- fourth Regiment being made prisoners on this occasion by the second battalion of the British Thirty-fourth Regiment*. The French General Brun, and Colonel the Prince d'Aremberg, were among the prisoners. Sir Rowland Hill, sneaking of the troops employed in this service, stated in his despatch, — " No praise of " mine can do full justice to their admirabie conduct ; " the patience and goodwill shown by all ranks during " forced marches, in the worst of weather ; their st'ict " attention to the orders they received ; the precisiv-n •'with which they moved to the attack; and their obe- " dience to command during the action ; in short, the *' manner every one has performed his duty from the " commencement of the operation, merits my warmest "thanks.'* The conduct of Lieutenant- Colonel Fen- wick, of the Th:rty'-fourth, was particularly com- mended After this exploit the troops returned to the Alemtejo. Towards the end of December the Thirty-fourth again advanced into Spain, and were employed in ope- rationc to surprise a body of French troops at Merida, * The brass drums and the drum-major's staff of the French TfliRTy-FouRTH Reoiment wcrc captured on this occasion, and are now used by the British Thirty-fourth Regiment; and Ser- jeant Moses Simpson, the individual who actually took the sti.fF from the drum-major of the French Thirty-fourth Regiment, is, at the period of completing this historical record, (September, 1843,) in the situation of barrack-serjeant at Northampton, and has been presented by the officers of the Thirty-fourth Regi- ment with a handsome medal, in commemoration of his gallant conduct. THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 53 umler General Dombrouski. On arriving at La Nava, 1811 the Biitish cavalry found three hundred French in- fantry and a party of hussars in the town, and this body of troojjs, effecting its retrea^rto Merida with little loss, informed General Dombrouski of the approach of the British troops, and he retreated during the night. In January, 1812, the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo was 1812 undertaken, and the Thirty-fourth and other corps, under Sir Rowland Hill, made a movement to co-ope- rate in covering the troops employed in this enterprise, which ended in the capture of the besieged fortress by storm on the 19th of January. When the siege of Badajoz was undertaken, the Thirty-fourth formed part of the covering army, and were stationed some time at Merida. The two divisions of the covering army, under Sir Rowland Hill and Sir Thomas Graham, afterv/ards advanced upon Almendralejos and Llerena, the Thirty-fourth mov- ing towards the former town. Marshal Soult collected a numerous force and advanced to relieve Badajoz; but learning that on the 6th of April that fortress was cap- tured by storm, he retraced his steps. After the capture of Badajoz, Lord Wellington proceeded towards the northern frontiers of Portugal, leaving the Thirty-fourth in Estremadura, under Sir Rowland Hill; and in May the battalion was employed in an enterprise for the destruction of the enemy's com- munication across the Tagus at Almaraz. After a march made with great secrecy, amidst various divi- sions of the enemy, the troops approached the bridge, the Thirty-fourth being with the left column, which was prepared with ladders to capture the fort of Mira- bete by escalade; but the difficulties of the march had retarded the progress of the troops, and as the attack could not be made before daylight, they remained con- cealed in the mountains until the evening of the 18th Hi i I I;! if rw : ; I !'■ . ■iM 54 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1812 of May, when they moved forward. At daybreak, on the following morning, the left column, of which the Thirty-fourth formed part, commenced a slight attack cu the castle of Mirabete, at the same time another column captured the fortS) which covered the bridjje, by storm. Speaking of the Thirty -fourth, and other corps which operated on the Mirabete, Sir Rowland Hill stated in his despatch, " I regret much that the pecu- *' liar situation of Mirabete should have prevented my " allowing the gallant corps to follow up an operation " which they had commenced with much spirit, and " were anxious to complete." The bridge having been destroyed, and the commu- nication between the several divisions of the French army rendered more difficult, the British troops re- tired. After the victory gained by the army under Lord Wellington at Salamanca, the troops under Sir Row- land Hill penetrated the Spanish provinces, and even- tually advanced upon Madrid: they afterwards occupied a line from Toledo to Aranjuez. The Thirty-fourth took part in these movements; and when the concen- tration of the enemy's forces rendered a retrograde movement necessary, the battalion suffered, in common with the other corps, the fatigues and privations con- sequent upon this retreat ; — the soldiers were not able to procure any other food besides acorns, chesnuts, and berries from the hedges, for nineteen days together; 1813 and the inclemency of the weather augmented the suf- ferings endured on this occasion. The retreat was continued to the frontiers of Portugal, where the army went into winter ciuarters. During this year the first battalion was stationed at Secunderabad, in the East Indies. After passing several months in quarters in Estre- THE THIRTV-POUIITII FOOT. 55 maduri., the second battalion of the Thiuty-pourth 1813 advanced, i" May, 181,'i, with the troops under Sir Rowland Hill, upon Salamanca, thus taking part in the comprehensive movements by which the enemy's position on the Douro was turned, and the French divisions forced to retreat. The Thirty-fourth fol- lowed the enemy in his retrograde movements, advanc- ing upon Valladolid, and afterwards upon Burgos, and on the 12th of June the battalion took part in forcing a strong body of French troops from Hormaza; which was followed by the destruction of Burgos Castle, and the retreat of the enemy behind the Ebro river. The battalion took part in the movement through the wild and beautiful regions towards the source of the Ebro, and after traversing rocks, and mountains, and narrow defiles, it crossed the Ebro; when the enemy again fell back, and Joseph Bonaparte concentrated his force in the valley of Vittoria, to arrest the progress of the British arms. After taking part in these brilliant operations, the Thirty-fourth had the honor to contribute to the complete overthrow of the French army on the 21st of June. On this occasion the battalion formed part of the column under Lieutenant-General Sir Rowland Hill, which advanced at day-break, and seizing the bridge of Puebla, crossed the Zadora rive: the Spa- niards under General Morillo attacking the ueights of La Puebla, and the British advancing along the Vit- toria road. The French commander sent a strong body of troops to regain the heights, and ;'vo British bat- talions were detached to aid the Spaniards. Before the fighting at this point had ceased, Sir Rowland Hill's column issued fiercely from tlit; defiles of Puebla, and captured the village of Sabijana de Alava. The heights at t^^'s point, some thickly wooded ground, and the village, became the theatre of a severe contest, in 56 HISTOrtlCAL RECORD OF 1813 which the Thirty-fourth, under Lieutenant-Colonel Fenwick, were warmly engaged. The troops advanced under a heavy cannonade; but undismayed by the determined countenance of the foe, and regardless of a shower of bullets, the British infantry rushed forward, dislodged the enemy, and drove him back on his reserve. In vain the French endeavoured to recover the lost ground; columns of attack were formed, and repet;,t ' "^orts made; but all without success. The f '^ ^1 coiuu.iis of the alhed army were also victorious at their several points of attack, and the legions of Napoleon sustained a decisive overthrow; they were driven from the field with the loss of their artillery, baggage, and military chest, ad were pursued until dark. The Thirty-fourth had ten rank and file killed; Lieutenants T. G. Ball, Edward Mogridge, and Alan B. Cairnes, four Serjeants, and fifty-nine rank and file wounded. Lieutenant-Colonel Fenwick received a clasp, in addition to his medal for the battle of Albuhera ; and the royal authority was afterwards given for the word « Vittoria" to be inscribed on the regimental colours, to commemorate the gallantry of the second battalion on this occasion. The Thirty- fourth followed the retreating enemy to the foot of the Pyrenean mountains, and were some time employed in the blockade of Pampe- kma. While on the march for this place, the battalion was exposed, on the 24th of June, to a violent thunder- storm, when Lieutenant Mastcrman, an officer of approved gallantry and of great promise, was killed by lightning: his horse was also killed under him. Notwithstanding the enemy had withdrawn his right and left into France, he maintained his centre in force in the rich valley of Baatan, which afforded r THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 57 numerous strong positions; and the troops, under Sir 1813 Rowland Hill, having been relieved from the blockade of Pampeluna, advanced to dislodge the enemy. On penetrating the mountains, in the early part of July, the left wing of the Thirty-fourth was engaged in dislodging the enemy from one of the villages in the pass. The battalion also took part in forcing the French from the valley of Bastan, and being in advance, on the 7th of July, it drove the enemy's piquets from the heights of Maya : it was afterwards attacked by a strong line of French troops; but the Thirty-ninth coming up, the two battalions repulsed the enemy by a few well-directed volleys. One private soldier of the Thirty-fourth was killed, and ten rank and file were wounded; Lieutenant Ball, who had recovered of the wounds received at Vit- toria, was again severely wounded. After taking part in forcing the enemy from the valley of Bastan, the Thirty-fourth were employed in guarding the Col-de-Maya, one of the entrances to the valley; they were encamped in the Arestesque Pass, about two miles from the summit of the mountain, and furnished a piquet on the lofty rock of Arestesque. Marshal Soult, having been appointed to the com- mand of the troops on the Pyrenees frontier of France, assembled a numerous force to break through thp mountains, and relieve Pampeluna and St. Sebastian. Captain Moyle Sherer, of the Thirty-fourth Foot, commanded the piquet on the Arestesque rock, on the morning of the 25th of July, and a glimpse of cavalry and infantry advancing having been obtained at dawn, tie' light companies were ordered to support the piquet These companies had just formed, with their left at the rock, when three French divisions ascended the rock and attacked the piquet, which defended its ground with great gallantry, against overwhelming numbers, U £ •w ^i| Pr3 W I., 58 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1813 until Captain Sherer was taken prisoner, and many men had fallen, when the survivors fell back on the light companies^ and these troops sustained the assault of the enemy with difficulty. The din of war echoed through the valley, and the brigade, consisting of the Twenty- eighth, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-ninth, hurrie the scene of conflict. The Thirty-fourth asc <• • the rock first, by companies, at a running pace, ^ ,a arrived breathless from the length and ruggedness of the ascent. The grenadier company was in front, under Captain John Wyatt, who urged his men to make a desperate efibrt, and fell picroed with many bullets the instant he gained the summit; nearly every man of the leading section experienced the same fate. The other companies of the battalion rushed forward in the face of a storm of musketry, and a determined, but unavailing, effort was made. The commanding officer, the adjutant, and many other brave officers and soldiers, were struck by the tempest of balls. After fighting with great desperation some time, the Thirty-fourth, the light companies, and the piquet were forced back by superior numbers, and the enemy established his columns on the ridge of the position. The British, however, retained possession of a rock, which was the key of the pass, and the progress of the enemy was arrested. The Thirty-fourth had five hundred and thirty officers and soldiers engaged on this occasion, and their loss was Captain John Wyatt, Ensign T. W. Phillips, one Serjeant, and thirty- six rank and file killed; Adju- tant John Day mortally wounded and prisoner ; Lieu- tenant-Colonel Fenwick, Lieutenants P. S. Barron and M. Simmons, Ensign S. Pickett, four Serjeants, and fifty- one rank and file wounded; Captain Moyle Sherer, Lieutenant F. Hovenden, Ensigns F. Russell and John Norman, one serjeant, one drummer, and seventy- seven rank and file prisoners: many of the prisoners THE TIIIRTY-FOI'HTII FOOT. 59 were woundeJ. Total loss, one hundred and eighty- I Hi. i two. Lieutenant-Coionel Fenwick had hin right leg amputated above the knee; and the command of t}jc battalion devolved on Major Henry Worsley. The enemy's attacks being developed, and other points of the position in the mountains forced, Sir Rowland Hill retired during the night fifteen miles, to a post in the rear of Irueta. The Tiiirty-foi'iitii halted on the heights of Irueta until the evening of the 27th, and marched during the night through the pass of Villate, upon the town of Lan/, and afterwards upon Lizasso : the British army went into position to cover the blockade of Pampeluna, and the troops under Sir Rowland Hill formed on the left of the line. Some severe fighting occurred on the 28th of July, and the resolute attacks of the enemy were repulsed with great gallantry. The Thirty-fourth were not engaged on this occasion. On the 30th of July Marshal Soult moved a strong force against the troops under Sir Rowland Hill, and a sharp combat took place, in which the Thirty-fourth were engaged. During this contest Lord Wellington directed an attack to be made at another part of the enemy's line, which proved deci- sive, and the French were forced to make a precipitate retreat through the mountains. Five rank and file of the Thirty-fourth were killed on this occasion; Lieutenant A. Orrell, one serjeant, and fifteen rank and file v«^ounded. Lieutenant-General Sir Rowland Hill was directed to pursue the retreating enemy, on the road to Donna Maria, and about ten o'clock on the morning of the 31st of July, the French rear-guard was overtaken beyond Lizasso. The enemy gained a wood on the summit of the pass, and there facing about, and K 2 111 60 IIIHTORirAI. RROOltn OK 1813 throwing out a number of NkirmiiitierR, offered formid- able resistance; the firnt brigiulo of the British second division was repulsed, and Licutennnt-General the Honorable William Stewart wounded; when the second brigade, commanded by Colonel the Honorable R. W. O'Callaghan, was ordered forward, and the Thirty- fourth took the lead on tliiw occasion. Passing the retreating troops, and advaneittg Nteudily up the hill, the Thirty-fourth soon i^ained the edge of the wood, when the soldiers raided ft loud and confident shout, and rushed among tite trees to decide the contest with cold steel; but when the French saw a line of British bayonets come Mpnrkling through the foliage, they fled in confusion along a defile, followed by the Thirty-fourth, who killed and wounded many of the fugitives, and tot>k some prisoners. The pursuit was not continued abov{3 half a mile, in con- sequence of a thick fog rendering any further advance dangerous. The loss of the battalion was limited to two men killed, thirteen wounded, and two made prisoners. Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Worsley re- ceived a honorary distinction for commanding the battalion in the several actions in the mountains, and the word " Pyrenees" on the regimental colours, commemorates the distinguiHlied conduct of the officers and soldiers on this occasion, The British troops resumed their positions in the Pyrenees, awaiting the capture of 8t. Sebastian, and Pampeluna, and the TniUTV-i'OifRTn were encamped in Roncesvalles, &c., antil the end of October, when a heavy snow storm obliged the battulion to leave the mountains. On the 10th of November, the troops descended from the Pyrenees by moon-light, to transfer to France the calamities of war, and the allied army drove the THE THlltTV-l'{;i:HTII KOCT. 61 forces of Napoleon from a fortified position on the river 1813 Nivelle, capturing many guns and prisoners. The Thirty-fourth did not sustain any loss on this occasion: they passed >lie night in the hi ts left by the enemy, and afterwards ajnnced towards the Nive; but operations w "e retarded by heavy rains, and the battalion went into cantonments. The TiiiUTY-Fortt-ni were afterwards honored with the word " Nivelle" on their regimental colours, as u mark of royal approbation of their .vnduct; and Lieutenant-Colonel Worsley received a second honorary distinction. The passp<5e of the Nive river w.»s effected on the 9th of r;'?,ccmber; the Thirtv-pourtm were at their post two iiours before daylight — the stream was nearly five feet deep, and rapid ; a mill stream of equal depth al o opposed the advance; and the mill, with the village beyond the river, were occupied by the enemy; but the soldiers moved forward in defiance of all oppo- sition, forded the streams under a shari) fire of mus- ketry, and after some fighting, in which the Thirty- fourth had one man killed and seven wounded, the troops established themselves beyond the river; the French retreating into an intrenched (f-TTip in front of Bayonne. On the following morning, the bat*^aijv.'i took post on a ridge commanding the communication of the right v/ing with the river Nive; this wing was in posi- tion with its right towards the Adour river, and its left at Ville Franche, and it was not attacked by tfie enemy on the 10th, 11th, or 12th of December; but on the 13th a mimber of French corps assailed the troops under Sir Rowland Hill with great spirit; when the Thirty-fourth maintained their important post during the day, v^^ith the loss of five .i.en wounded. The enemy was repulsed with severe lOss, und pursued 1S^ r I i> 'i^' 68 IIIHTOKICAr. IIECOIII) OV 1813 to the cnmp in front of Bayonne: the brigade to which the Thirty-fourth belonged, followed the French until it arrived witliin musket shot of the works, and took post In a ravine, where it remained I'lil night, when it was relieved by the third division. The battalion earned another honorary distinction for its colours on this occasion, and the word "Nive," inscribed thereon by royal authority, commemorates its gallantry; Lieutenant-Colonel Worsley also received a third distinction. 1814 Leaving their cantonments at the village of St. Pierre, near Bayonne, the Thirty-fourth advanced, with the troops under Lieutenant-General Sir Rowland Hill, in the middle of February, 1814, when the French corps under General Harispe, were driven from Hellete, and afterwards forced from a position in front of Garris. The Thirty-fourth continued to follow the retreating enemy, and their gallant bearing on the 27th of Feb- ruary, was af>:erwards rewarded with the royal authority to bear the word " Orthes" on the regimental colours; Lieute irtat-Colonel Worsley also received the usual honoj'f^ry distinction conferred on commanding officers of baiUiUons distinguishing themselves in action. PMrs'iing the retreating enemy in the direction of Aire, the battalion took part in forcing the French to quit that town, where immense magazines were cap- tured. The Thirty-fourth were stationed at Aire several days, and afterwards took part in forcing the French back upon Toulouse. Two or three attempts to throw a bridge of boats across the Garonne were not attended with success; but the river was eventually passed, and the enemy driven from his positions on the loth of April. On this occasion the troops under Sir Rowland Hill, in whose column the Twirty-fourth served, drove the enemy from his exterior works in the THE THIRTY-POKHTII KOOT. 68 se, *h- TniRTY- 'owed the • soon «« was aourbon suburb} on the left of the Garonne, within the ancient 1814 wall. The Tiiirty-fouhth, under L leutenant-Colonel Worsley, took part in forcing thj enemy from his redoubts, and from the houses wliich he occupied in force, and ufterwards formed a lodgment in the ditch surrounding the suburb. The battalion had two men killed; Captain James H. Baker mortally wounded; one drummer, and ten rank and file \\ ' (\. The enemy having quitted Toul FOURTH moved through the town retiring army some distance; but lu. afterwards terminated. Napoleon forced to abdicate the imperial throne, anu liu dynasty was restored to France. Thus the gallant soldiers of the Thirty-fourth completed their career of victory and honor; and the British arms triumphed over the tyrannical power which had sprung out of the French revolution, and aimed at universal dominion. The conquering arms of Britain had rescued nations from bondage, and restored to Europe the blessings of peace. The word " Peninsula" on the colours of the Thirty-fourth, commemorates the distinguished part the second battalion took in the achievement of these splendid results; and its commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Worsley, was afterwards honored with the dignity of Companion of the Order of the Bath. The first battalion remained at Secunderabad until the 19th of .Tune, 1814, when it commenced its march for the island and fortress of Seringapatam, where it arrived on the 10th of August, and relieved the first battalion of the Sixty-ninth Regiment. After reposing in quarters a short time at the city of Toulouse, the second battalion marched to Bour- deaux, where it embarked for Ireland, on the 17th of P lil »M ^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 ItilM 125 ■50 ^^~ ■■■ mm mri £ US. |2g ■lUu y4|i6 ^ '/ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)873-4503 6^ 64 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1814 July, and landing at Cork, was stationed at Middleton,. Fermoy, &c., until November, when it proceeded to Dublin, under the command of Major Barlow. jgl5 The climate of the garrison of Seringapatam not proving favourable to the health of the soldiers of the first battalion, they were moved out of that fortress a short time, and in August, 1815, commenced their march for Vellore, where they arrived on the 9th of October. The second battalion remained in garrison at Dub- lin, until September of this year, when it was suddenly ordered to march into Tipperary, in consequence of the insurrectionary proceedings of the inhabitants of that part of Ireland. 1816 In February, 1816, thirteen officers, and three hun- dred and thirty non-commissioned officers and soldiers,, of the first battalion, proceeded from Vellore to the sea-coast, and were stationed at Cuddalore six months, for the benefit of their health. General Sir Eyre Coote was succeeded in the colo- nelcy of the regiment by Lieutenant-General the Honorable Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole, G.C.B., from the Seventieth Foot, by commission, dated the 21st of May, 1816. 181 7 The incursions of the barbarous people called Pin- dar ees, who infested the British territory in India at this period, and committed dreadful ravages wherever they appeared, occasioned the first battalion to take the field early in 18l7j when it left a detachment at Vel- lore, under Lieutenant-Colonel Worsley, and joined the division commanded by Major-General Browne, assem- bled to guard the passes near Naggerry. In February the battalion returned to Vellore. In the mean time, the peace of Europe appearing to be established upon sound and durable principles, the second battalion was ordered to he reduced, which took et a (( u <£ ee te THE TIIlRTY-FOtTETIl FOOT. fi5 (( (( place in April, 1817, when the following brigade order IHI7 was issued : — " Major-General Doyle having received the warrant " for the disbandment of the second battalion of the " Thirty-fourth Regiment, and carried the orders of *' the commander of the forces into effect, it now only " remains for the major-general to express, in the most " unqualified manner, his perfect approbation of the " sober, orderly, and soldier-like conduct of the corps in quarters, for a period of upwards of one year and a half, during which it has been under his imme- " diate command. " Major-General Doyle feels it his duty as well as " inclination to mark particularly the zeal and attention " with which Major Barlow has conducted the disci- " pline of the corps, and in which he has been ably " supported by the officers under his command, and in " case the service should be deprived of so valuable an " officer, the major-general trusts it may be only for a " short time. " The major-general requests the commanding officer " will convey to the officers, non-commissioned officers, " and privates, his best thanks, and his good wishes for " their individual welfare. He is confident that the *' uniform good conduct, for which the Thirty-fourth " have always been conspicuous, both in the field and " in quarters, will be the same, in whatever part of His Majesty's dominions the service of the corps may be required." At this period a confederacy of the native princes in India was formed against the British authority, and extensive preparations for war were made by the coalesced Mahratta States. Their designs were partly discovered and disconcerted by the governor-general, the Marquis of Hastings; but hostilities could not be avoided, and the British took the field for the preser- (( u ill ■i'l X m HISTORICAL RECORD OF l§17vation of their territory from unjust aggression. On thi« occasion the flank companies of the Thirty- FOURTM, mustering eight officers, eight Serjeants, six drummers, and two hundred rank and file, under the (jommand of Captain Tew, marched from Vellore, to the frontiers, and joining a division of the army assem- bling for field service at Adoni, were formed in a flank battalion, with the companies of the Sixty-ninth and Eighty-fourth Regiments. This battalion penetrated the southern Mahratta country, with the division under Brigadier-General Munro, to whom the for- treises of Dummul, Kooshgul, and Darwar surrendered in iuccession; and the division halted during the rainy season at Darwar, where the flank companies of the Fifty-third joined the flank battalion, which was com- manded by Major Giles. Leaving Darwar in October, the division penetrated the Sundoor valley, and after- wards advanced into the interior of the southern Mah- ratta country, Brigadier-General Pritzler commanding. The division skirmished with the enemy at Bejapoor; and overtook the rear of the Peishwa's army at the IHW SatpSe Pass, on the 8th of January, 1818, when the Mahratta troops fled in every direction, over a difficult country, which prevente' -^ny great loss being inflicted on them. The divisi' ursued by forced marches, under a burning sun, until the Peishwa's army sepa- rated, and passing the flanks, marched to the north. The battalion companies were relieved from garrison duty at Veliore, and proceeding to Bangalore, joined a division of ths field force, on the banks of the Toombu- dra, under Major-General Long, and remained at this station during part of the Mahratta and Pindaree war ; but suffering severely from dysentery, they were re- moved into garrison at BeUary. Meanwhile the flank companies had joined part of the Bombay army; but after the surrender of the hill- THB THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 67 fort of Sattarah they separated from that force, and 1818 again proceeded, with the division under Brigadier- General Pritzler, to the Salpee Pass, taking part in the siege and capture of the hill-fort of Singhur, the reduc- tion of the fortlBed pagoda and village of Sassoor, the hill-forts of Uizaghur, and Poorunder, and afterwards returning through the pass, the operations of the divi- sion were followed by the surrender of a number of small fortified places. Then proceeding by Sattarali to the western ghauts and forests, the division captured the hill-fort of Wbossottah, restored the family of Seva- jee to its ancient dignity, and joining the division under Brigadier-General Munro, took part in the defeat of a body of hostile troops at Sholapoor, the capture of the enemy's artillery, and the reduction of the fortress, which surrendered on the 15th of May. The flank companies of the Thirty-fourth distinguished them- selves on the 10th of May, and a gallant charge made by them greatly contributed to the capture of the enemy's artillery. After forcing the fortress of Nepaunee to capitu- late, the division was cantoned, during the remainder of the year, at Hoobly, where the soldiers suffered from cholera. In September the battalion companies left Bellary for Bangalore, and being attacked by cholera on the march, lost thirty-seven men in nine days. Quitting Hoobly in the beginning of 1819, the flank 1819 companies proceeded to Belgaum, and after taking part in several movements, they were engaged in the siege of the hill-fort of Copaul Droog, which was invested on the 10th of May, and captured by assault three days afterwards, after an obstinate resistance from the enemy. The following paragraph appeared in general orders, dated Madras, 22nd June, 1819. " The conduct of three troops of His Majesty's V SI I! 81 1 1 I J h 08 IIIISTOKICAL UUCOUD OF 1819 "Twenty-second Light Dragoons^ with the Artillery " troop under Captain Mills, and the flank battalion " commanded by Captain Tew, of His Majestjr's " Thirty-fourth Regiment, employed during the " siege of Capaul Drooo, was such as to draw from " me, (Brigadier-General Pritzler), the highest enco- " miums, particularly that of the Artillery troops of the " Twenty-second Dragoons, which served in the bat- " teries, and the flank battalion which protected the " batteries, ?»,nd led the assault of the place, in which " the services of Captains Tew, Thirty-fourth; " Cuppaidge, Fifty-third; Jenour and Jones, Sixty- " ninth Regiment; and Lieutenant Silver, Fifty-third, " were most conspicuous/* The flank companies of the Thirty-fourth were again stationed at Belgaum, until October, when they marched, with a small native force, against Sanglee^ which place they forced to submit, and afterwards returned to Belgaum. 1820 On the 25th of May, 1820, the head-quarters and battalion companies of the regiment marched from Bangalore, on route for Madras, where they arrived on the 2nd of July, and were joined by the flank com- panies from Belgaum on the 29th of December. These companies had been absent three years and eight months, and had lost one subaltern and eighty-one rank and file. On the breaking up of the flank battalion, it was stated in orders, — " From the period of the battalion joining the " force to the present Colonel Pritzler has, in no *' instance, had the slightest cause of complaint, and " has never had occasion to bring a non-commissioned *' oflicer or private to a court-martial; but he has had " frequent opportunities of bearing testimony of the ** excellent conduct of this corps, which has been " equally conspicuous for its gallantry in the field, as (( t( THE THIRTY-POITBTII FOOT. W for its order and regularity in camp, and which he 1820 *' attributes to the unwearied attention of Major Giles, ** and the officers under his command, and to the excel- "lent disposition and discipline of the non-commis- '* sioned officers and soldiert.. Colonel Pritzler cannot " therefore, but regret the departure of the corps from " under his command. " It has frequently fallen to Captain Tew to com- " mand the battalion, in the absence of Major Giles on *' other duties, which gave him an opportunity of " showing that he was, in every way, competent to fill *' the situation, with great credit to himself and advan- " tage to His Majesty's service.** The conduct of the battalion was also commended in general orders, by Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Hislop, Bart., G.C.B. On the departure of the regiment from Madras, for 1821 Wallajabad, in 1821, when arrangements were in pro- gress for its return to England, it was stated in general orders, — " The Honorable the Governor cannot permit His Majesty's Thirty-fourth Regiment to quit the garrison without expressing his entire approbation of " the discipline and exemplary conduct manifested, on all occasions, by the officers, non-commissioned offi- cers, and soldiers of that corps, ever since its arrival at Fort St. George, now a period of nearly two years, " and his Excellency requests Lieutenant-Colonel Dick- " ens, and the officers under his command, to accept •** his best thanks for the very satisfactory manner in " which they have performed their respective duties.** During the year 1822 the regiment was stationed at 1822 Wallajabad; and in January, 1823, it returned to i823 Madras, preparatory to its embarkation for England. The prompt and active exertions of the corps on the breaking out of a fire in the Company*s stores, on the *, cs €( (S ft S( m in ;, !•■'■* P ■ir:.i ;r ^? m 70 HISTORICAL RECORD OF i823 7th of January, preserved property to a considerable amount. Five hundred and thirty-seven non-commissioned officers and soldiers having volunteered to remain in India, and transfer their services to other corps, the remainder of the regiment, amounting to one hundred und sixteen officers and soldiers, embarked on board the Company's ship " Coldstream," on the 9th of March, and sailed for England under Lieutenant-Colonel Dickens. The regiment called at St. Helena, where it remained about a week, and arrived in the river Thames, in the early part of July, after an absence from England of upwards of twenty-three years, landed at Gravesend, from whence it marched to Chatham, where the esta- blishment was fixed at six hundred and fifty officers and soldiers. The dep6t joined from Portsmouth on the 19th of July; recruiting parties were sent to various towns in the United Kingdom: and in December the regiment marched to Windsor. 1824 After remaining two months at Windsor the regi- ment proceeded to Portsmouth, where it embarked for Ireland in May, 1824, and landing at Dublin, marched to Enniskillen, sending detachments to Maguires- bridge, Cavan, Killishandra, Kings-court, and Bally James Duff. 1825 In the summer of 1825 the regiment proceeded to Boyle, and furnished nine detachments to stations in that part of the country; in August the head-quarters were removed to Longford, and in October to Athlone. At this period the establishment was augmented to eight hundred and thirty-six officers and soldiers, and the regiment was divided into six service and four depdt companies: but the service companies did not proceed abroad at this period. 1826 From Athlone the regiment marched to Dublin, in A THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. f« May, 1826; and furnished a detachment of grenadiers 182G to Hacketstown, to mount guard at the residence of the Lord-Lieutenant, d 'ring hia stay in that part of the country. Lieutenant-General the Honorable Sir G. Lowry Cole, G.C.B., was removed to the Twenty-seventh, or the Inniskilling Regiment, of Foot, and was succeeded in the colonelcy of the Thirty-fourth, by Lieutenant- General Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane, Bart, G.C.B., G.C.H., by commission, dated the ICth of December, 1826. After remaining twelve months at Dublin, the head- 1827 quarters were removed to Templemore, in May, 1827, and in September to Galway, furnishing twelve detach- ments to military stations in that neighbourhood. In April, 1828, the regiment was removed to Buttevant; 1828 and in July to Cork. During the six years which had elapsed from the date ig29 of the arrival of the regiment from India, it had recruited its ranks and attained a state of discipline and effici- ency, and its turn to proceed abroad having arrived in ' August, 1829, the service companies embarked from Cork for North America; they sailed in two divisions, the first under Major the Honorable H. S. Fane, and the second under Captain Tew, and arriving at Nova Scotia in October, landed at Halifax, where they re- mained nine months. In July, 1830, the head-quarters were removed 1330 from Halifax to Fort Charlotte, and detachments were sent to Prince Edward's Island, Annapolis, Windsor, York Redoubt, Sydney, Cape Breton, and St. Andrews, New Brunswick. The regiment remained detached until August, i832 1832, when the head-quarters, consisting of one field officer, two captains, five subalterns, two staff, twenty- three Serjeants, nine drummers, and three hundred and ii :" 7« HI8'rORI€AI< RECORD OF 1832 sixty-seven rank and file, embarked on board His Majesty's ship " Winchester** for New Brunswick, dis- embarked at St. John's, and proceeded to Fredericton, having left at the former station one field officer, one captain, two subalterns, six Serjeants, one drummer, and a hundred and seven rank and file, which followed them on the 1st of September, in His Majesty's brig '* Arachne," and arrived at St. John's, New Brunswick, on the 4th September, 1 832. 1834 In 1834, on retiring from the command of the regi- ment, Lieutenant-Colonei Richard Kelly presented to the officers' mess, a handsome snuff-box. Lieutenant- Colonel Kelly was succeedfed in the command of the regiment by Lieutenant-Colonel the Honorable Henry Fane. The regiment remained in New Brunswick until 1835 July, 1835, when it returned in two divisions to Halifax. 1836 In May, 1836, detachments were sent to Cape Breton, Annapolis, York Redoubt, and Prince Edward's Island. In this year, the red and white tuft, which had been previously worn by the battalion companies, was allowed by the following letter to be resumed. « Sib, « Horse Guards, 23rd May, 1836. "I have the honor, by direction of the General " Commanding in Chief, to acquaint you, in reply to " your letter, of the 4th of March last, that the King " has been graciously pleased to approve of the bat- "talion companies of the Thirty-fourth Regiment resuming the tuft worn by those companies, in com- ^.lemoration of the action at Arroyo de los Molinos, "on the 28th of October, 1811. > "I have &c., " (Signed) John Macdonald, A. 6. " Lieutenant-Colonel Honorable H. S. Fane, " Commanding 34 M Regiment" u . (t THK THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 71 The two flank companies, consisting of two cap« 1837 tains, two subalterns, eight Serjeants, two drummers, and one hundred and fifty rank and Ale, marched, under Captain Byron, for New Brunswick, 19th December, 1837. On the 24th and 25th of December, they marched from St. John's, New Brunswick, for Quebec, Lower Canada; they were conveyed on the ice of the St. John river, to the junction of the river Madawaska with the St. John, then up the river to the head of the Timis- couta Lake, in two-horse sleighs, each sleigh carrying eight men, with their arms and accoutrements: from the head of the Lake Timiscouta, they were conveyed in carioles, two men with their arms, &c., in each, across the Portage to the river St. Lawrence, and on reaching the village of St. Andr^, they followed the course of the river to Point Levi, opposite Quebec, where they crossed in canoes, having suffered little from the severity of the weather, and the inhabit- ants aiding their progress in every way. The few men left at different places sick, were treated with every kindness, and were all sufficiently recovered to proceed with the head-quarters on their marching up, except two men left at Fredericton, but whose complaints were quite unconnected with the exposure of the march. On the regiment being ordered to proceed to Canada, the following general order was issued by his Exceiiency Major-General Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.B., &c., Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia. "(General order.) " Head Quarters, " Halifax, N. S., 8th January, 1838. "The Major-General commanding cannot allow the "Thirt\'-pourth Regiment to quit the command, "without expressing his perfect satisfaction with the "discipline and regularity with which the corps has 34 r // 74 HIITORICAL RBOORD OF 1897 "uniformly conducted itseF; and his Excellency " desires that Major Ruxton will convey to the officers ** and soldiers, under his command, his best wishes for ** their future welfare, assured as he is, that in what- " ever service the corps may be employed, they will "continue to display those qualities which have ** secured to them so high a character as soldiers. (Signed) J. S. Snodgrass, "A.D. A. General** tt « This year the regiment lost a valuable officer. Major Mark Mc Leod Tew, whose many excellent qualities occasioned him to be highly esteemed by the officers and soldiers of his corps. He entered the regiment as ensign in 1800, was promoted lieutenant in the same year, captain in 1809, major by brevet in 1830, and major in the regiment in 1837. His distin- guished services with the flank battalion, during the Mahratta and Pindaree war, from 1817 to 1820, are set forth in the record of his regiment. The state of his health occasioned him to retire from the service in August, 1837; but his decease occurred in October, at Halifax, Nova Scotia, before he could embark for England. In transmitting to his brother, Captain J. Mc Leod Tew, Twenty-second Regiment, an account of his effects, &c., Captain E. Broderick expressed himself in the following affectionate terms: — '* One of the snuff- " boxes found among his effects, has been retained by " the officers, as a memento of him who had been so " long the father of the regiment, and who was so " deservedly loved and respected by us all: it is a " wooden box, presented to him by Mr. Markham, '' which the officers intend to place in a case, with a " suitable inscription. " The officers intend to erect a monument to our THB THIHTY-rUUHTH FOOT. n ft (( " respected friend, to be placed in one of the ohurches. 1837 *' The men of the regiment have also subscribed to the erection of this monument, and I can assure you, that every officer and soldier feels that in your late '* brother he has lost a friend." On the 8th January, 1838, the head-quarters, and 1939 remaining four companies, consisting of one field offi- cer, three captains, four subalterns, three staff, twenty- two Serjeants, eight drummers, and two hundred and eighty-one rank and file, under Major Ruxton, em- barked in Her Majesty's ship " Cornwallis," and sailed the following day for St. John's, New Brunswick, where they landed on the 14th of the sanie month. The regiment marched from St. Johik's for Quebec by companies, which were conveyed in the same man- ner as the flank companies had been, and .ore equally fortunate in escaping without casualties of any import- ance; they reached Quebec on the 3rd, 4kli, 5th, and 7th February. The flank companies and Nos. 1 and 2, were de- tached to Three Rivers: they took part in various movements made in the disturbed districts, adjoining the river Richelieu; and were quartered in different villages in the neighlxjurhood. '. , The regiment next moved by detachments to Mont- real. The head-quarters then proceeded to Kingston, but were not disembarked there, proceeding on to Toronto, where they arrived on the 4th of June. In July the head-quarters, under Lieutenant-Colonel Airey, proceeded to Amherstberg. In December a company, consisting of one captain, two subalterns, three serjeants, and fifty rank and file, under Captain Broderick, proceeded to Sandwich, in expectation of that place being attacked by brigands from the state of Michigan, from whence it returned on the 25th of that month. 99 76 HISTORICAL RECORD OP 1840 The regiment remained at Amherstburg until Maj', 1840, when it returned in three divisions to Toronto, detaching three companies to Kingston, at which sta- tion it remained until May, 1841, when the head-quar- ters moved to Montreal. 1841 On the 31st May, 1841, orders having been re- ceived for the return of the regiment to England, four Serjeants, nine corporals, two drummers, and two hun- dred and one privates, volunteered to serve perma- nently in North America. At Montreal, the head-quarters were joined by the left wing on the 3rd June, 1841, and on the 20th of that month the regiment, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Airey, sailed from Quebec in the "Cornwall" transport for England, where it arrived on the 22nd July, 1841, and landed at Gosport and occupied Forton Barracks. In September, the head- quarters moved over to Portsmouth, where they re- mained until August, 1842, during which time the efficiency of the regiment, which had been impaired, to a certain degree, by the number of recruits which had taken the place of those who had volunteered to remain in Canada, was completely restored. 1842 On the 13th August, 1842, the regiment received a sudden order at half-past seven o'clock p.m., to proceed to London by an early train the following morning. Accordingly, on the 14th of August, the head-quarters, consisting of one lieutenant-colonel, one major, nine captains, ten subalterns, three staff, twenty-seven Ser- jeants, eleven drummers, and five hundred and twenty- four rank and file, left Portsmouth at eight a.m., and proceeding by the South Western Railway to London, arrived at the Nine Elms Station, marched to the Birmingham Railway Station, and proceeded forthwith to Weedon, where it arrived at twelve at night ; sudden disturbances in the manufacturing districts were the cause of this unexpected movement. THE THIRTY-FOURTH FOOT. 77 On the 16th August, three companies left Weedon 1842 for the disturbed districts, and on the l7th two more companies proceeded in the same direction. These were detached at Newcastle-under-Lyme, Wolverhamp- ton, and Stafford; other companies were detached to Birmingham, and during the autumn of 1842, the head- quarters were moved to Northampton, all the ten companies being on detachment at Newcastle-under- Lyme, Burslem, Hanley, StaiFord, Wolverhampton, Bilston, Birmingham, and Coventry. The companies were subsequently withdrawn from Bilston and Stafford; but the others remained as above described until the 4th August, when the entire regiment was collected together at Weedon. At thiiT period the strength of the regiment was as follows, viz : — One colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, ten captains, twelve lieutenants, eight ensigns, one paymaster, one adjutant, one quartermaster, one surgeon, one assistant-surgeon, forty-seven Serjeants, fourteen drummers, and eight hundred and one rank and file. During the year 1843, political agitation was carried 1843 to such an extent in Ireland, as to induce Her Majesty's Government to take measures for putting down the demonstrations of physical force which had been made in that country. For this purpose, additional corps were ordered from Great Britain to Ireland. The Thirty-fourth Re^ment, on this emergency, was ordered on the 4th of October to be removed by railroad to Liverpool. The regiment quitted its station at Weedon early in the morning of the 6th of October, and arrived at Liverpool on the same day. It was embarked on the afternoon of the 7th of October in steam- vessels for Dublin, where it arrived on the following morning, and being dis- ¥ r m 11 78 HISTORICAL AICORD OF THB THIRTY-FOURTH. W4S embarked, it marched to Clontarf * (a village situated about two miles from the capital, on the Bay of Dublin)^ where a numerous public meeting had been advertised to be held, but which was prohibited by Government proclamation as illegal. A large body of troops had been concentrated in the neighbourhood in apprehen- sion of a breach of the peace; but the assemblage having separated without disturbance, the troops re- tiirned to their quarters in the evening. ;^ 1844 The regiment remains in Dublin at the period to which this record is brought. The foregoing pages record the bravery, endurance^ and uniformly good conduct of the Thirty-fourth Regiment, both at home and abroad: its early services during the wars in Spain and Flanders in the reign of Queen Anne; its subsequent achievements on various expeditions in Europe, Africa, America, and the West Indies; its employment, for a period exceeding twenty years, in the East Indies; and its gallantry in Portugal, Spain, and France, to the conclusion of the Peninsular War in 1814, afford the best proofs of the zealous and honorable conduct of its officers and men, who, under severe trials, have evinced a steady adherence to the rules of discipline, and a gallant bearing whenever they have been brought into contact with the enemies of their country: nor has the conduct of the regiment been less conspicuous on home, than on foreign, service; but has been, at all times, such as to merit the approbation of the Sovereign, and the gratitude of the kingdom. • The "Conquer Hill" of Clontarf is celebrated in Irish history as the scene of a rk'ory gained by the Irish over the tkanes. 1 il i k El THIRTT-FOUETH (THE CUMBERLAND) REGIMENT OF FOOT. [Ta/€uvpngr7fl. i>4 \" ' E ment revol guise notni tranc meni who Towi I Will color John 8UCC( men poin ( Gov totl ] his ( ofB .?! SUCCESSION OF COLONELS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH, OR, THE CUMBERLAND REGIMENT 09 FOOT. Robert Lord Lucas. Appointed 12th Febrttary, 1702. Robert Lord Lttoas was distinguished for his attach- ment to the interests of civil and religious liberty; and at the revolution in 1688, when King James II. had fled in dis> guise, and London was in great confusion, his Lordship was nominated, by a committee assembled for the preservation of tranquillity, to take the charge of the Tower. This appoint*- ment was confirmed to Lord Lucas by King William HI., who gave his Lordship a commission of Governor of the Tower of London. Lord Lucas entered the army, and served under King William in Flanders; and he was promoted to the lieutenant- colonelcy of the Thirteenth Regiment, commanded by Sir John Jacobs. On the breaking out of the war of the Spanish succession, his Lordship took great interest in raising a regi- ment of foot, now the Thirty-fourth, of which he was ap- pointed colonel by King William, in February, 1702. Queen Anne superseded his Lordship's commission as Governor of the Tower, and appointed the Earl of Abingdon to that dignity, with the title of Constable. Lord Lucas retained the colonelcy of his regiment until his decease, on tlt^e 31st of January, 1705; when the dignity of Baron Lucas of Shenfield, in Essex, became extinct. 80 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. Hans Hamilton. Appointed \»t February, 1705. Hans Hamilton served in the wars of King William in., and acquired the reputation of a brave and meritorious officer: he vsas afterwards nominated to the lieutenant-colo- nelcy of the Earl of Derby's Regiment, now Sixteenth Foot, with which corps he proceeded to the Netherlands in the summer of 1701. He served under the celebrated John Duke of Marlborough, during the campaigns of 1702 and 1703, in the Netherlands, and also in Germany in 1704, when the victories at Schellenberg and Blenheim exalted the reputation of the British arms. In February, 1705, he was rewarded with the colonelcy of the Thirty-fourth; and in the same year he was nominated quartermaster-general to the expedition to Spain, under General the Earl of Peter- borough, and he served at the capture of Barcelona; also in other important transactions until 1706. He subsequently proceeded to Flanders, and having been promoted to the rank of brigadier-general in 1710, he commanded a brigade, under the Duke of Marlborough, during the campaign of 1711> when the enemy's celebrated lines were passed at Arleux, and the fortress of Bouchain was besieged and captured. In 1713 he was removed to the Sixteenth Regiment, with which corps his early services were connected: and in 1715 he was succeeded by Richard Viscount Irwing. He died on the 24th of October, 1721. Thomas Chvdleioh. Appointed SOtk November, 1712. The early services of Colonel Chudleiob were connected with the Sixteenth Regiment of Foot, with which corps he served with reputation, under the celebrated John Duke op Marlborough, and his meritorious conduct was rewarded with the lieutenant-colonelcy of his regiment ; from which he was promoted in 1712, to the colonelcy of the Thirty- ^ # « ) - ' " ■ ■ '< " ' ■ ■ ' ' ■ .'*' r Bi;CCE88ION OF COLONELS. 81 FOURTH Regiment, with which corps he proceeded to Ire- land in 171 7- In 1723, he retired from the service, selling his commission. He died on the 14th of April, 1726. //. Robert Hayes. Appointed 18th Februari/, 1723. This officer served in the First Foot Guards, in which corps he rose to the rank of captain and lieutenant-colonel, and in February, 1723, he obtained the colonelcy of the Thirty-fourth Regiment, by purchase. He proceeded with his regiment to the relief of Gibraltar, when that for- tr£38 was besieged by the Spaniards, in 1727: and subse- quently sailed from Gibraltar in command of a body of troops, for Jamaica; where he died on the 7th of April, 1731. Stephen Cornwallis. Appointed 8ih Jantiart/y 1^32. Stephen Cornwallis was appointed to a commission in the Second Foot Guards, in March, 1719; and in 1723, he was promoted captain in the Ninth Dragoons; he was after- wards nominated captain and lieutenant-colonel in the Third Foot Guards, and procured the colonelcy of the Thirty- fourth Regiment in 1732: in 1738 he was removed to the Eleventh Foot, On the commencement of the war with Spain in 1739, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier- general, and in 1742 he accompanied the army to Flanders, under Field-Marshal the Earl of Stair: in February, 1743, he was promoted to the rank of major-general. He died in Germany, in May, 1743; at which period he was a member of parliament for Eye. Lord James Cavendish. Appointed Itt November, 1738. Lord James Cavendish, second sun of William (second) Duke of Devonshire, was many years an officer in the Third Foot Guards, in which corps he rose to the rank of captain I 83 • UCCB8SION OF COLONELS. and lieutenant-colonel in 1730, and in 1738, he was promoted to the colonelcy of the TuiRTY-FofiRTH Regiment: he was a member of parliament fur Moltun. His decease occurred in November, 1 741 . The Honorable James Cuolmondeley. Appointed 18th December^ 17^' The Honoaable James Gholmomdeley, third son of George (second) Earl of Cholmondeley, obtained the com- mission of guidon and major in the Second Troop, now Second Regiment, of Life Guards, in 1725; in 1731, he was nomi- nated lieutenant and lieutenant-colonel in the third troop of Life Guards; and in 1741 he was promoted to the colonelcy of the Forty -eighth, from which he was removed, in 1743, to the Thirty-fourth Regiment. Accompanying his regi- ment to Flanders in 1744, he served the campaign of that year, under Field-Marshal Wade. He was at the battle of Fontenoy in 1745; and was afterwards promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. On the breaking out of the rebellion in Scotland, he returned to England with a brigade of in- fantry, and afterwards took the charge of two battalions which had arrived from Ireland, with which he joined the army under Field- Marshal Wade. On the flight of the rebels from Derby, he was detached to Scotland; and he commanded a brigade of infantry at the battle of Falkirk, on the 17th of January, 1746, when he highly distinguished himself; but the excessive fatigue he underwent, with con- tinued exposure to severe weather, deprived him of the use of his limbs for some time. In 1747) he was promoted to the rank of major-general; and he was removed in 1749, to the Twelfth Dragoons. He was again removed, in November of the same year, to the Third Irish Horse (now Sixth Dragoon Guards); and in 1750, to the Sixth Dragoons. In 1754, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general; and he was many years lieutenant-governor of Chester. He died in 1775. ■UGGE8SION OP COLONKLft. 88 The Honorable Henry Seymour Conway. Appointed 2ith Juljfy 1749. The Honorable Henry Seymour Conway, second son of Lord Conway, and brother of Francis Earl of Hertford, was appointed lieutenant in the First Foot Guards in 1737, captain and lieutenant-colonel in 17^1, and in 1746 he was appointed aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland, and promoted to the colonelcy of the Fifty-ninth (now Forty- eighth) Foot. Ho was removed to the Thirty-fourth Regiment in 1749, to the Thirteenth Dragoons in 17^1« and to the Fourth Horse (now Eighth Dragoon Guards) in 1754. In 1756 he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and in 1759 to that of lieutenant-general: he was removed to the RoA'al Dragoons in the same year. He commanded a division ot the allied army in Germany, under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, in 1761 ; and the British forces in Germany were placed under his orders during the absence of the Marquis of Granby. He was also one of the grooms of the bedchamber to His Majesty, and a member of parliament; and having voted against ministers on the great question of military warrants, in 1764, he resigned his court appointment and military commands; but in 1768 he was appointed colonel of the Fourth Dragoons. In 1770 he was removed to the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards; in 1772, he was promoted to the rank of general; in 17B2, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the army, and in 1793 he was pro- moted to the rank of field-marshal. He died in 1795; at which period he was eldest general officer and first field- marshal in the army. Charles Russell. Appointed 17 th December, 1751. Charles Russell was many years an officer in the Foot Guards ; he rose to the rank of captain and lieutenant-colonel in the First Regiment, and was promoted to major, with the rank of colonel, in the Second, or Coldstream, Regiment, in 1745; in 1751 he was nominated colonel of the Thirty - FOURTH Regin>ent of Foot. He died on the 20th November, 1764. s\ m I 84 SUCCB8B10N or CUI.UNBLKI. Thomas Earl of Effingham. Appwnted 2nd December, I'JBA. Lord Thomas Howard succeeded to the title of Earl of Effingham in February, 1743, and on the 11th of April fol- lowing he was nominated lieutenant-colonel in the Second Troop, now Second Regiment, of Life Guards. In 1749 he was appointed one of His Majesty's aides-de-camp, with the rank of colonel; and in 17o4 he obtained the colonelcy of the Thirty-fourth Regiment. His lordship was promoted to the rank of major-general in 17^8 ; and was removed to the colonelcy of the First Troop of Horse Grenadier Guards in 1760. His decease occurred in November, 1763. Lord Frederick Cavendish. Appointed 30tk October, I'jeO. Lord Frederick Cavendish, third son of William (third) Duke of Devonshire, was honored with having the Prince of Wales, (father of King George III.,) for his godfather. Choosing the profession of arms, he entered the army as ensign in the First Foot Guards, and was appointed lieu- tenant and captain in the Second Foot Guards in 17^2; in 1755 he was nominated lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty- ninth Regiment; he was honored with the appointment of aide-de camp to King George II., with the rank of colonel, in 17^8) And in 17^9 he obtained the colonelcy of the Sixty- seventh Regiment, from which he was removed in 1760 to the Thirty-fourth. He was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1761? — to that of lieutenant-general in 1770, — general in 1782, — and field-marshal in 1796. In 1797 he resigned the colonelcy of his regiment. He died in October, 1803. George Ferdinand Lord Southampton. Appointed 13th July, 1797. The Honorable George Ferdinand Fitzroy, eldest IUCCBS8ION OP COLONBL8. 85 son of Charles (first) Lord Southampton, son of the Duke of Orafton, was appointed captain in the Forty-first Regiment on the 25th of Decemher, I787i and was promoted to the majority of the Fifty-first Foot on the 25th of April, 1792 ; in February, 1793, he was advanced to the commission of captain and lieutenant-colonel in the Second Foot Guards, and he received the brevet rank of colonel in May, 1796. On the decease of his father in March, 1797^ he succeeded to the title of Lord Southampton ; and in July following he was nominated colonel of the Thirty-fourth Regiment. His lordship obtained the rank of major-general in 1801, and of lieutenant-general in 1808. He died in June, 1810. Sir Eyre Cootb, O.C.B. Appointed 25th June, 1810. This officer was appointed ensign in the Thirty-seventh Regiment on the 15th of April, 1774, and proceeding to North America at the commencement of the American war, he had repeated opportunities of distinguishing himself. He served at the capture of Long Island, and carried the regi- mental colour of his corps at the battle of Brooklyn, on the 27th of August, 1776* He also served at the capture of New York, and at the reduction of Fort Washington, and subsequently accompanied the expedition to Rhode Island; in the same year he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. He proceeded with the expedition to Pennsylvania, and served at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, in 1777, and of Monmouth in 1778; also at the reduction of Mud Island. On the 10th of August, 1778, he was pro- moted to captain of a company in his regiment, in which rank he was present at the attack of Washington's dragoons, in New Jersey. He proceeded with the expedition to South Carolina, and served at the siege of Charlestown, in 1780. He also shared in the fatigues, privations, and engagements of the campaign, under Major-General Earl Comwallis, in the Carolinas and in Virginia, and was made prisoner at the surrender of York Town, on the 18th of October, 1781. On being liberated. Captain Coote returned to England, and was 'St ' ;:i i H ■ i i n ■tJCOBBNION UP COLONELS. appointed major of the Forty-seventh Regiment in Fubruary, 1783. After aerving five years in Ireland, he was nominated lieutenant-colonel of the Seventieth, in March I7WI; and in 1793 he was selected to command the fiitet battalion of light infantry, in the expedition to the West Indies, under Gene- ral Sir Charles (afterwards Earl) Oroy, wl:o captured the inlands of Martinique, St. Lucia, and Giiadaloupe. Lieutenant- Colonel Coote had opportunities of di8tingui8hin;r himself at the reduction of these colonies, and being afterwards sent to England with despatches, ho was nominated aide-fle-camp to King George IIL, with the rank of colonel, in 1795. In ^ '.?''j he was appointed brigadier-general on the staff of J'.dnd; in I7O8 he was promoted to the rank of major-general, nnd removed to the staff of South Britain; and aftei mmandiijf; at Dover a short period, he proceeded to Finn 1 h, ^n charge of an expedition for the destruction of the sluices and worlcs of the canal near Ostend, which was accomplished; bul before the troops could re-embark, they wtio attacked by superior numbers, and forced to surrender. Major-General Coote was wounded on this occasion. After his exchange, lie returned to his command at Dover. In 1799 he commanded a brigade in the expedition to Holland, under his Royal Highness the Duke of York ; and after the return of the army, he resumed the command of the troops at Dover. In 1800 he proceeded with the expedition against Ferrol, and when the attack on thiit fortiess was relinquished, he joined the armament in the Mediterranean, and accompanied General Sir Ralph Aber- cromby to Egypt. He commanded the leading division of the army which effected a landing in the Bay of Aboukir, on the 8th of March, 1801, and distinguished himself on that occasion, for which he was thanked, in orders, by Sir Ralph Abercromby. He commanded a brigade in the actions before Alexandria, and when the advance to Cairo was undertaken, he was left in command of the troops before Alexandria. After taking a distinguished ymt in delivering Efrypt hum the power of France, he '( •:n,, b ; :<> Englu .i, where he received the thanks of botu lioudes of parliament, the appro- bation of his Sovereign, and was honored with the dignity of Knight of the Bath, and the first class of the Turkish Order of the Crescent. J?3i srCCKIIION OP COLONBMI. i^ On the lat of January, IflOfi, Sir Ejre Cootf wnn pro- moted to tho rank of Hetitcnant-goneral, and nominated lien- tpn.int govomor oi Jamaica, where ho resided iipwaHa of three years. Returning to England, ho was iippointed to th* coifimand of a division of the army sent, in tlie mimmer of 1809, against Holland, under the Earl of Chatham. He •was appoiitod colonel of the S'tty-second Regiment in 1806, and removed to the TmRTY-FOURTii in 1810: in 181 < he was promoted to the rank of general. Ho was removi-d from the service on the 2Jst May, 181 ti. The HoNonABtr, Sm GAtnnAtTH Lownv CotE, G.C ft Appointed 2l»t May, 1810. The Honorable Oalbraitii Lowhy Colk, son f the Earl of Enniskillen, entered the iirniy a short time l)cf«)re the commencement of the Frenc*' revolutionary war, and the contest which ftdlowed afford d him frequent opportu- nities for the display of proffw ioniil Ability. He was appointed captain in the Soventietli Foot, on the 30th of November, 17^2, major of the IIui Irod and Second regi- ment on the Slst of October, 179; J. lieutenant-colonel of Ward's Regiment in November, 17^3, and lieutenant-colonel of Villette's corps in April, 1799; on tin Istof January, 1801, he was promoted to the rank of colonel. Ho servea in Sicily, under Major-General Stuart, — was engaged in the invasion of Calabria, and had the hon( " of commanding a brigade at the battle of Maida, on the 4th of July, 180d, when the superiority of British courage and discipline was fully proved. He was promoted to the rank of major-general in April, 1808, and was subsequently placed nn th. staff of the army in the Peninsula, where he commanded a 'ivision in nume- rous battles and skirmishes, in which the '-eputation of the British arms was exalted, and the enemies >f England wore overthrown by the superior prowess of the British troops. He received the local rank of lieutenant-general in Portugal and Spain in 1811, — the colonelcy of the One Hundred and Third Regiment in 1812, — the rank of lieuti nant-general in 1813, — and the colonelcy of the Seventieth Regiment in m 88 SUCCESSION OF COLON i£r,S. January, 1814. After taking a conspicuous part in deliver- ing Portugal and Spain from the power of the Emperor of France, he led his division through the Pyrenees, and shared in the struggle for the liberties of Europe, until the final overthrow of the power of Napoleon, and the restoration of the Bourbon family to the throne of France. He was re- warded with tl e honor of Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, and received a cross and four clasps for com- manding a brigade at the battle of Maida, and a division at the battles of Albuhera, Salamanca, Yittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Orthes, and Toulouse. The Honorable Sir G. Lowry Cole, G.C.B., was nomi- nated governor of the Mauritius; in 1816 he was appointed colonel of the Thirty-fourth Regiment, and in 1818 he obtained the government of Gravesend and Tilbury Fort. He was removed to the Twenty-seventh Regiment in 1826, and promoted to the rank of general in 1830. He died at Highfield Park, Hartford Bridge, on the 5th of October, 1842. Sir Thomas Makdovgall Brisbane, Baronet, G.C.B., and G.C.H. Appointed 16th December ^ 1826. SUCCESSION OF LIEUTENANT-COLONELS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH, OR CUMBERLAND, REGIMENT. Names. Thomas Dore . Thomas Garth Richard Visct. Irwm Thomas Whitney , James Paterson . John Hely Maurice Powell . Charles Jeffreys John Reed . Hezekiah Fleming . Samuel Townshend Barry St. Leger Robert Hoyes Charles Hastings Aubrey Earl of Bur- 1 ford f Richd. Mark Dickens Dennis Mil Wood- J ward ) Francis Cuninghame Isaac Gascoyne St. John Fancourt David Parkhill George Dodsworth 34 Dates of Appointment. Feb. 12, 1702 March 24, 1705 Jan. 11,1714-15 July 22, 1715 Jan. 20, 1731 Dec. 15, 1738 Aug. 12, 1741 Feb. 17, 1745-6 Jan. 7, 17S6 April 27, 1758 May 5, 1769 May 20, 1776 May 20, 1785 Jan. 4, 178G Nov. 11, 1789 Oct. 22, 1794 Sep. 1,1795 Nov. 23, 1796 Jan. 24, 1799 March 9, 1803 Dec. 12, 1805 July 10, 1806 Dates of Keniova), ice. I Died on and succeeded (on December 15, 1738. I Died on and succeeded (on August 12, 1741. ( Died on and succeeded (on February 17, 1745-6. j Promoted to be colonel-com- < mandant of Sixty-second Foot, I on Febniary 17, 1745-6. Retired on May 5, 1769. t Removed to Seventy-third (regiment, on April 27, 1758. (Retired on lialf-pay on May (20, 1775. Retired on May 20, 1785. {Exchanged to half-pay Seventy- second regiment with Lieu- tenant-Colonel Hastings, on January 4, 1786. j Placed on half-pay Sixty-fifth ■j regiment, as captain, on No- 'vember 11, 1789. Retired on October 22, 1794. Died on December 14, 1808. Retired on November 23, 1796. (Exchanged into Second Foot < Guards with Lieut. -Colonel I Gascoyne, on January 24, 1799. I Exchanged into Sixteenth } Foot, on March 9, 1803, with I Lieut-Colonel Fancourt. Died in July, 1806. Retired on August 20, 1807. Died on May 17, 1809. G y\ !- NS ii! I il !H i m 90 SUCCESSION OF LIRUTENANT-COLONELS. Names. John Maister . William Fenwiok Thomas Bradford . Chichester Mc DonO nell J William Thornton . John M. Everard . Henry Roberts Henry C. Dickens John H. Dunkin Thomas Faunt Colin Campbell Henry R. Ferguson Charles Richard Fox Richard Kelly Honorable Henry) Sutton Fane j W. C. Dnimmond Richard Airey Dates of Appointmont. Aug. 20, 1807 Deo. 15, 1808 May 18, 1809 Dec. 21, 1809 Aug. 1, 1811 Jan. 23, 1812 Jan. 27, 1814 April 2, 1816 March 5, 1818 Oct. 28, 1824 June 28, 1827 May 8, 1828 July 23, 1829 Oct. 8, 1830 May 9, 1834 Feb. 9, 1838 Feb. 10, 1838 Dates of Removal, &c. [Placed on half-pay June 25, < 1817, on the reduction of the I army. Retired on January 27i 1814. {Exchanged to Eighty-second regiment with Lieut-Colonel Mc Donnell on December 21, 1809. Died on July 31, 1811. (Removed to Greek regiment of Light Infantry, on January 23, 1812. [Exchanged to Seventy-seventh •[regiment with Lieut.-Colonel I Dunkin, on March 6, 1818. Died on April 1, 1816. Retired on October 28, 1824. j Placed on half-pay September 126, 1823. Retired on June 28, 1827. Retired May 8, 1828. rExchanged to half-pay, nn- J attached, with Lieut.-Colonel (Fox, on July 23, 1829. (Removed to the Grenadier (Guards on October 8, 1830. Retired on May 9, 1834. (Exchanged to half-pay, un- attached, on February 9,1838, with Lt.-Colonel Drummond. Retired on February 10, 1838. fNow in command of the regi- (ment. 0V SUCCESSION OF MAJORS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH, OR CUMBERLAND, REGIMENT. Names. Thomas Garth Robert Parsons . Richard Coles . Michaell Fleming . Charles Douglas John Hely . Maurice Powell Michael Studholm Henry Hart . John Dundas Hezekiah Fleming . Thomas Shirley . Robert Farmar William Ogle Henry Brownrigg . John Lind . Alexander Dundas . Robert Hoyes John Ross Aubrey,Earlof Bur- ) ford J William Ancram Robert Wood Francis Cuninghame George Dodsworth . George Anderson . Robert Gordon William Fenwick John Bromhead Richard Diggens . Dates of Appoiutrai-nt. Before 1704 Before 1708 Before 1708 Jan. 11,1714-15 July 22, 1715 May 12, 1731 Dec. 15, 1738 April 21, 1743 March 3, 1760 Feb. 2, 1757 Sep. 5, 1756 Feb. 28, 1759 June 2, 1761 Nov. 23, 1768 Sep. Nov. 7, 1771 28, 1771 Jan. 6, 1776 Nov. May Feb. Nov. July Sep. Nov. Nov. May May May 1, 1780 20, 1785 17, 1789 11, 1789 25, 1792 1, 1795 23, 1796 22, 1797 9, 1800 15, 1805 16, 1805 July 17, 1806 Dates of Removal, &c. Promoted March 24, 1705. Promoted December 15, 1738. Promoted August 12, 1741. Retired on October 25, 1744. Lieut.-Governor of Sheemess. (Resigned his majority in Thihty-Fourth Regiment, February 2, 1757. letired February 28, 1759. Promoted April 27. 1758. I Promoted to Sixty-seventh (regiment, on June 2, 1761. Retired on November 23, 1768. (Exchanged to half-pay with Major Brownrigg, on Septem- ber 7, 1771. Retired on November 28, 1771- I Promoted to Twentieth regi- (ment, on January 6, 1776. ( Promoted to Eighth Foot, on I November 1, 1780. Promoted on May 20, 1785. Retired on February 17, 1789. /Promoted on November 11, 11789. Retired July 25, 1792. Retired November 22, 179?. Promoted on November 23, 1796. Promoted on July 10, 1800. Retired on May 9, 1800. Retired on July 17, 1806. Promoted on December 16, 1808. ( Promoted to Seventy-seventh \ regiment, on August 3, 1809. {Exchanged into Eleventh Light Dragoons, with Major- Browne, '>n August 14, 1806. 'Iji i 11' ■ ' 11 I iS 1!' I SUCCESSION OF MAJORS. Nameii. ThomtM Browne Thomiwt Bodkin . John M. Kverard . JumoM Tomliuson) TetTcwest ) lionry lioborts II«ory C. Dickens . Walter Uovenden }I»nry Worsley C^eorgo Edwd. Pratt) Barlow ) Jaci* Unrrieion Baker CliM. Eamtis Forrest Tltomiu) Faunt JMward Broderick Timotliy Davies ti^tiry 11. Ferguson Siehard Oreaves Ilonorablo Henry) Sutton Fane j Biebttrd Airey Mark M'Leod Tew Oeorgo Buxton Henry Dcedcs Walter Ogilvy CliarlMiBaillieBris-) ban@ / CoraolluH Cuyler P. \ Mair ; Jatneti John Best Dates of Appiiintment. Aug. 14, 1806 Oct. 16, 1806 July 10, 1806 April 30, 1807 Jan. 19, 180S June 26, 1809 Feb. 1, 1810 Jan. 23, 1812 March 26, 1812 March 10, 1814 June 2, 1814 May 25, 1820 Dec. 4, 1823 Oct. Dec. May 28, 1824 28, 1826 8, 1828 Dec. 18, 1828 May Jan. 9, 1834 21, 1837 Aug. 4, 1837 Feb. 23, 1838 Aug. 20, 1841 Aug. 20, 1841 Dec. 13, 1842 Dec. 13, 1842 Dates ul' Removal, &c. {Exchanged to half-pay Ninth Foot, with Lieut.-Golonel Bod- kin, on October 16, 1806. Retired on July 10, 1806. Promoted on January 23, 1812. Retired on February 1, 1810. Promoted on January 27, 1814. Promoted on April 2, 1816. Retired on March 26, 1812. j Died at Newport, Isle of Wight, ton May 13, 1820. f Promoted to Sixty-first regi- (ment, on December 4, 1823. Died on April 11, 1814. j Placed on half-pay, on June .25, 1817, upon the reduction I of the army. Promoted October 28, 1824. Retired on December 18, 1828. I Exchanged to half-pay, unat- < tached, with Major Ferguson, Ion December 28, 1826. Promoted May 8, 1828. [Exchanged to half-pay, unat- < tached, witli Major Tew, on (January 21, 183?. Promoted on May 9, 1834. Promoted on February 10, ) 838. Retired on August 4, 1837. I Exchanged to half-pay, unat- tached, with Major Ogilvy, on 'August 20, 1841. Now serving with the regiment. Retired August 20, 1841. {Exchanged to half-pay, unat- tached, with Brevet-Lieut.- Colonel Mair, on December 13, 1842. Retired December 13, 1842. Now serving with the regiment. LONDOtti HARRISON AND CO., PRINTBRS, ST. MARTIN'S LANK. REVIEW OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, AT DUBLIN, ON THE 2lBt OF JUNE, 1844. General Sir Thomas Makdocoall Brisbane, Bart., G.C.B. and G.C.H., having arrived in Dublin from his seat, Maker- stoun, near Kelso, reviewed this regiment (of which he is Colonel) in Richmond Barracks. After having received the general salute, he proceeded down the line, making a most minute inspection, and marking out and questioning every old soldier in the corps. The regiment then went through various movements, and concluded by forming square, when the General addressed the men in a most soldier-like and impressive manner, stating, that through a very long period of service, it had been his duty to inspect many Corps, and that he could safely aver that he had never seen one in better order, or in a higher state of discipline, than the Thirty-fourth. He adverted to the importance of sobriety, and the advantages of education, as the means of any one belonging to the regiment attaining the rank which he himself held, instances of which, the General observed, were afforded by the British Army. He concluded by express- ing his wish, that in order to commemorate his visit to the regiment, all prisoners, not under sentence of Courts Martial, might be allowed to return to their duty without further punish- ment. Upon the regiment being dismissed, the men proceeded to their Barrack-room, where a most excellent dinner, including everything except spirits, had been prepared, at the expense of Sir Thomas Brisbane, for the whole of the non-commissioned officers, privates, women, and children, in the corps. During the repast the messes were visited by the General in person It is needless to observe, he was received with the most marked enthusiasm. He afterwards saw the Hospital, and the Boys 34 H 94 REVIEW OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. and Girls' School, with which he expressed himself much pleased. General Sir Thomas M. Brisbane, during his stay in Dublin, attended several of the garrison field-days, consisting of three regiments of cavalry, five regiments of infantry, and two troops of horse artillery. The gallant General, as well as the Lord Lieutenant, and Sir Edward Blakeney, the Commander-in-Chief, who were present, expressed their warmest satisfaction at the manner in which the troops performed their various movements. The fine appearance of the Thirty-fourth in particular was highly extolled. On one of these occasions, General Sir Thomas Brisbane, at the express desire of Sir Edward Blakeney, had the honour to receive a salute from the whole of the troops under arms. The following is the effective strength of the regiment :— Head- Quarters, Dublin, under the command of Lieutenant- Colonel Airey. Total Effectives, — 1 Lieutenant-Colonel, 1 Major, 10 Captains, 10 Lieutenants, 7 Ensigns, 5 Str.ff, 47 Serjeants, 14 Drummers, 788 rank and file. LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, On the 2lst of June, 1844. Lieut.-Colonel Richard Airey. Major H. Deedes. Captain R. W. Byron. „ N. R. Brown. „ J. H. Mathews. „ E. Heathcote. „ H. J. Hutton. „ R. D. Kelly. „ A. C. Goodenough. „ F. H. Lang. „ Jno. Simpson. „ C. A. Schreiber. Lieutenant C. F. Hervey. „ T. Bourke. „ J. Gwilt. „ A. C. Robertson. „ F. C. Harvey. J. T. Still. Lieutenant R. C. Packe. „ T. A. M. Brisbane. „ James Maxwell. „ H. IL Oxley. „ W. L. Talbot. „ E. F. Agnew. Ensign E. W, Sitwell. „ C. W. G. Burrill. „ C. W. Randolph. „ D. M. Fyfe. „ Sir Geo. Douglas, Bt. „ M. G. Best. „ W. Warry. „ Jno. Robinson. Paymaster C. B. Roche. Adjutant E. Talbot. Surgeon "Wm. Bain. Assistant Surgeon R. W. Fraser. • * .i r ) '/ • GRAND MILITARY BANQUET * TO THE OFFICERS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, AT DUBLIN. General Sir Thomas Makdouoall Brisbane, Bart., gave a magnificent entertainment at Morrisson's Hotel, Dublin, on Tuesday evening, the 25th June, 1844, to the Officers of the Thirty-fourth Regiment, of which corps the gallant General is Colonel. Every delicacy in season, and every variety of the choicest wines were supplied in profusion. The distinguished entertainer, and his guests, were pleased to express them- selves in the highest terms of the entire arrangements made by Mr. Baker for the occasion. The fine band of the regiment played during the evening some of the newest and most admired pieces of music. After the health of Her Majesty had been drunk. Sir Thomas gave the health of Colonel Airey and the Ofli- cers of the Thirty-fourth Regiment. In introducing the toast, the gallant General spoke nearly as follows: — Colonel Airey and Officers of the Thirty-fourth Regiment, — I beg most uufeignedly to assure you, that this is a most gratifying occasion to me; and I have looked forward to it with the greatest pleasure. Ever since the regiment returned from foreign service, I have been most anxious to meet with the Officers of so gallant a corps, which has distinguished itself on every occa- sion, and in various quarters of the globe; although I never had the good fortune to have the regiment immediately under my command, yet I have fought with it in many of the same battles. Even as far back as 1796, I fought with it at the capture of the island of St. Lucia. I also served with it in the Peninsula, and H2 96 GRAND MILITARY BANQUET TO THB in all the battles which they proudly bear upon their colours, with the exception of Albuhera. Wo fought together at Vittoria, the Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, and Orthes; and I consider that the regiment ought to have had Toulouse added to the others, and I regret that the high authorities decided otherwise. But the TniRTY-FOURTn Regiment occupied a most important situa- tion during that action, of which I was an eye-witness, being the nearest division to that of Lord Hill's; and the returns of the killed and wounded on these various occasions, amounting to nearly 1800 men, proclaim that the regiment had borne the brunt of many a severe and hard-fought battle. I assure you, gentlemen, it is a source of great gratification to me that I have been enabled to record all these gallant deeds, and more parti- cularly that of Arroya de Molinos. In that brilliant affair the Thirty-fourth Regiment took the French Thirty-fourth Regi- ment prisoners, together with its brass drum, and Drum- Major's Staff, &c.; and in consequence, the gallant corps to which you belong is permitted to enjoy a distinction that has fallen to the lot of no other regiment — that of wearing the white and red tufts in their caps. But this and the other heroic deeds will be imperishably recorded in the History of the Regiment, a copy of which I intend to present to every Officer, and also some copies to the library, that when any officer or soldier joins the regiment, he may, on reading all these gallant exploits, be animated with the desire of upholding that esprit de corps which has happily ever subsisted in the regimeut, and which I hope will ever continue. I cannot here omit to notice how much we are indebted to Mr. Cannon, of the Adjutant-General's Office, for the pains and labour he has bestowed, to enable us to print these records, and to give a faithful detail of all our early operations, deduced from the most authentic sources. Next to the bravery before the enemy, I admire the conduct which has marked the regiment, wherever it has been quartered ; and it is with a feeling of pride I say, that in everyplace in which it has been, both Officers and men have left with the high opinion of the inhabitants. Gentlemen, I assure you this visit associates itself with many remote and pleasing recollections, as I consider OFFICERS OP THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 97 myself one of the few connecting lin. left which unite the army of the last century with that of the present; and I am happy to think, in drawing a parallel betwixt the two, the con- trast is all in favour of the latter. In the first place, we are now a much more scientific array; next, we are an infinitely better educated body, and much more sober, as relates both to Officers and soldiers; and thirdly, as to our movements, — When I first joined the army, there was no officer to be found in a regiment who could give a sketch of a country, or delineate a position ; now, in consequence of the establishment at Sand- hurst, there are few regiments without several of the officers who are qualified, not only to give a sketch of a country, or delineate a position, but to construct field-works, or to undertake the siege if necessary. With regard to education, it was then difficult to find even a Serjeant who could read and write, or keep accounts; whereas, now, almost every soldier in a regiment is so far educated, and there are 700 out of the 800 men of which the Thirty-fourth is composed, who can read and write. The period that I allude to was when I was quartered in this city, in 1792 and a part of 1793. Dundas's system was then introduced into the service. Before that time no uniformity existed in our military movements, nor even in the words of command ; for if an officer was sent from one regiment to another, he would not have understood them, since regiments moved according to the fancy of their respective commanding officers. Now, as the Thirty-fourth, about the time I am speaking of, had been long in America, its movements were prin- cipally those of light troops; and a favourite one was that of moving from the centre and flanks of companies by files. I have had the advantage of serving in the first and second cam- paigns of the war with the Austrian and Prussian armies; and I may say I have seen almost the whole of the European armies in motion upon a large scale; and I consider that the British, in point of quickness and accuracy, stands foremost; and nobody will doubt that their physical strength and moral courage are superior to that of any other nation. It is all one to the British soldier where his enemy may be, — whether in his front, flanks. GRAND MILITARY BANQUET TO THE or rear,— he will fight him as long as his officer orders him, as at Waterloo, where whole feces of the squares were swept away with round shot, still the British soldier was found immovable. And although you may characterise the British soldier as the lion in the field, yet the most noble of all his traits, according to my estimation, is his humanity after a battle, when the lion suddenly changes to the lamb; and I never saw an instance in all my service in which the British soldier committed an act of cruelty upon his fallen enemy*. Next to the British soldier, I consider the Russian the most formidable while placed in posi- tion, although he cannot movet; and I may instance the fact in support of this, that at the battle of Borodino, the redoubts were five times taken by the French, and as often retaken by the Russians. Napoleon, finding he cotii make no impression on their iron front, made a flank movement with his army during the night, and got betwixt them and Moscow. It is too much the idea amongst the continental armies, that if their centre is pierced, or their flanks are turned, the battle is lost, as at the * There is no parallel in history of an army like the English march- ing through the South of France, then an enemy's country, observing such rigid discipline and order that everything was paid for as scru- ulously as if it had been in England ; and that even the French officers and soldiers told the inhabitants not to quit their houses on the absence of the English army, as they had nothing to fear. I may be induced to make this remark, as none of the authors who have written on these campaigns have sufficiently dwelt on this important feature of the British army. It is a fact, that commissaries were left behind to pay for every article consumed by our army. f In confirmation of this it may be mentioned, that when the late Emperor Alexander of Russia gave a grand review to the Duke of Wellington, at Yertus, about eighty miles from Paris, of 130,000 Rus- sians, picquets were driven into the ground at every wheeling p int. How widely different are the movements of the British army! Some time afterwards, when the whole army under the command of his Grace were reviewed in presence of the allied Sovereigns, Field-Marshals, and Commanders, he moved the whole of his forces from the position they had taken, to nearly a quarter of u mile in the rear, no doubt with the view of showing that there were no picquets driven into the ground to direct the movements of the troops. OFFICERS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT <>• unfortunate battle of Jena, which the Prussians lost, and leh decided the fate of their country. The same may be said with regard to the Atistrians, at the battles of Wagram and Aspeme, which led to the occupation of Vienna by the French, and to peace. How widely different with the British soldier! While in Paris, in the year 1815, I had many conversations with French officers of high rank, who argued strongly, that by all the laws of war, the English had lost the Battle of Waterloo, as their centre had been pierced, their flanks turned, and their artillery were in possession of the French. Could these gentle- men have possibly paid a higher compliment to the British army, although they wished to turn that compliment to their own account. When Napoleon saw the English army drawn up in position for the Buttle of Waterloo, he remarked to Marshal Soult, " There are the English, I have got them at last, and I think it is nine chances out of ten that I have them all before night." The Marshal, who had had a great deal of experience of the English, while opposed to them in Spain and in the South of France, replied to the Emperor, "Your Majesty certainly sees the English army, but you will find them like trees, rivetted to the ground." I may here mention, in confirmation of this, that when the Kremlin was re-occupied by the Russians, the port- folio of Berthier, the War Minister, was found, giving a return of the French army in Russia, amounting to 400,000 infantry, and 80,000 cavalry. There were also found secret reports from the French Marshals opposed to the English in Spain, and ad- dressed to Napoleon himself, stating that the French army could not be got to withstand the English when they came in close quarters ! I have been long anxious to get the regiment to come to Scotland, that I might have an opportunity of uniting the bond of friendship and good understanding with myself and with the Officers more closely, and particularly as it is now ninety- eight years since it was in that country. In the year 1 746, the regiment fought at the Battle of CuUoden, and by a singular and rather extraordinary coincidence, my father fought with it in that action as Aide-de-Camp to the Earl of Home. I felt ex- ceedingly gratified in examining into the interior economy of the 100 GRAND MILITARY HANQUBT. regiment, to find thut it is perfect and complete, both ai to bar- racks, hospitals, and school ; and I regret that my right honour- able friend. Sir Edward Blakeney, the Commander-in-Chief, is not here to receive the report, as also in reference to its more- menti in the field : It is impossible for me to express too high an opinion of Colonel Airey, and the hearty co-operation he must have received from his officers to have enabled him to have brought the regiment to its present state of perfection ; he could only have accomplished it by establishing a chain of responsibility throughout all ranks, where every individual dis- charged his proper duty, and to which we may ascribe the the brilliant victories we always obtained under our great and invincible leader, who strictly enforced this amongst all lanks of his army, and which enabled him to declare to me his convic- tion, after the battle of Toulouse, when the army was about to be broken up, that he had commanded the most perfect army that ever was in existence. In conclusion, I fear I have occu- pied a good deal of your time, but I was anxious that you should hear many of these important military facts, from an individual who has passed above fifty years in the service, and who, in following up his profession, has crossed the tropics twelve times, the equinoxial line twice, and circumnavigated the globe, be- sides having been in America and other parts of the world. ** Quasque ipse miserrima vidi, £t quorum pars magna fui.'* Colonel Airey, in reply to the toast, took occasion to remark, that it was owing entirely to the hearty co-operation and assist- ance he had derived from every officer in the regiment, he had been enabled to bring it to the state of perfection in which the gallant Qeneral, who was then Colonel, had found it. Many other toasts were afterwards given, and the meetii^g broke up at a late hour, but not before health and long life to Sir Thomas had been drank with at least nine times nine in the most cordial manner. k ^XT* n» >. ",'. Vy THIRTT-FOnRTH (THE COMBEHL&KD HEOIMENT OP FOOT. {Tofanpagi W\.