^ ^ ^ ^^>, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 I.I ■" Si 121 IS Lo 12.0 u M p 11^ i4 ^ — 6" ► Hiotographic Sciences Corporatton 33 WKT MAIN STRUT WIBSTRR.N.Y. 145S0 (7I6)«72-4S03 ^ CIHM/ICMH Mi( Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de mi Canadian Instituta for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquaa Tflchnieal and Biblioflraphie NotM/NotM tachniquM M bibliographiquas Th« Inatltut* hM attwnptad to obtain tfM baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturoa of thia copy which may bo bibliographieaHy uniqua. wliich may altar any of ttta imagaa in tha raproduction. or wliieh may significantly changa tha uaiMl mattiod of filming, ara ehaekad balow. QColourad covara/ Couvartura da eoulaur rn Covara damagad/ Couvartura andommag^a □ Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raataur^a at/ou palNeuMa D Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua rn Colourad maps/ D Cartaa g4ographiquaa an eoulaur Colourad inic (i.a. othar than blua or blacic)/ Encra da eoulaur (i.a. autra qua Maua ou noira) pn Colourad plataa and/or illu a tr a tion a / D n n n Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa an eoulaur Bound with othar matarial/ RalM avae d'autraa doeumants Tight binding may eausa shadows or distortion along intarior margin/ Laraiiura sarrte paut eauaar da i'ombra ou da la dialovalon w long da la marga inlariaura Blanit laavaa added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these heve been omitted from filming/ II so pout que certainea pages Manchea ajoutiaa iota d'une reatauration apparalsssnt dana la taxte, mala, iorsque cMb itait poMiMe, eaa pagaa n'ont paa *t« film4es. Addltionel comments:/ Commentairea suppl4mentaires: This item is filmed at the reduction ratio eheeiced below/ L'Inatltut a microfilm* le meilleur Momplaira quK lui a At* possible do so procurer. Les dAtails da cat aKomplaira qui sent peut-Atre uniques du point do vue bibiiogrephique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normaia da fiimaga sont indiquis cl-dessous. Colourad pagaa/ Pagaa da eoulaur □ Pagaa damaged/ Pagee andommag^aa □ Pagaa reetored and/or laminated/ Pagee reetaurAas at/ou pailiculAea Q Pagee discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pagaa dAcoiorAea, tachetAes ou piquAes □ Pagee detached/ Pagaa dAtachAes Th< to Th of filn Ori b«< thi slo oth fin slo or r^ Showthrough/ Tranaparance Quality of prin QuaiitA inAgale do I'impreasion Includae supplementary matarii Comprand du matAriel supplAmentaire Only edition available/ Seuie Adition dlsponible Th< shi Tin rn Quellty of print variea/ rn Includae supplementary materiel/ rn Only edition available/ Ma difl end bOfl rig! req D Pagee wholly or partially obscured by arrets slips, tissues, etc.. have been refilmed to ensure the best possible Imsge/ Les pegee totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un fauillet d'errata. una pelure. etc.. ont AtA filmAes A nouveau da fa^on A obtanir la meiileure imege possible. 10X rwtiin *••* w Vft ••• tnm m 14X H tan I«WH itx in«H« 4HW V i-wvs •wua 22X 2SX aox y 1 1 12X IfX 20X a4x 2U( 32X TlMcopy totiM Imm hat baan raproduoMl thanks of: Library of tha Publio Archivas of Canada L'axamplaira fHm* fut raproduK grica A la La bibliothAqua das Archivas puMiquaa du Canada Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha iMMt quality posalbia oonaMartng tha condition and iagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spadf k»tlona. Original coplaa in printad papar covars ara fllmad baglnning with tha front oovar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- slon, or tha back cover whan approprlata. AH othar original coplaa ara fllmad baglnning on tha first paga with a printad or Illuatratad impraa- slon, and anding on tha laat paga imMi a printad or iilustratad impraaaton. Tha last racordad f rama on aach microficha shaN contain tha symbol — ^- Imaaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V Imoaning "END"), whichavar applias. Las imagas suivantas ont 4t4 raproduhas avac hi plus grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nattati da l'axamplaira flimA, at mi conformity avac las conditions du contrat da fllmaga. Laa axamplairaa orlginaux dont la couvartura an papiar aat Imprim4a sont filmte an commanpant par la pramlar plat at an tarmlnant soh par la damMra paga qui comporta una ampraima d'Impraaslon ou d'illustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la caa. Tous laa autras axamplairaa orlginaux sont fHmte an comman^am par la pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaalon ou d'illustration at an tarmlnant par la damlAra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un daa symbdaa auhrants apparattra sur la damMra imaga da chaqua microficha, salon is cas: la symbola ^ signlf la "A 8UIVRE", la aymbola ▼ signifia "FIN". Maps, plataa, charts, ate., may ba fHmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly included In ona axposura ara fHmad beginning in tha uppar laft hand comar, iaft to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les certes, planches. taMeeux. etc.. peuvent Atre filmto A dee taux da rMuction diff Arants. Lorsque ie document est trop grend pour Atre reproduit en un soul clichA, 11 est filmA A pertir do i'angia supArieur gauche, de gauche A droKe, et de heut en bee, en prenant la nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent Ie mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 e V... V '.•fv "7 "T^f^Wn^v 'V. REPORT ^s^"- THE INSPECTION OF PENSIONERS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES. CANADA, a CANADA ^T"'^ 1 ToNBto DUtrict .. 3 Pmtteiigntoliy IMitiici .. 8 LoadMiDiitriet '.. 10 Anhtntburg Dirtriel 11 KUgu* Dwtrict .. 14 ICiagtton Diitriet. . .. IS BjrtowB Dittriet . . 17 PNwott Dittriet . . .. 19 Montnal Dittriet.. 90 St John's IXatriet .. .. 33 ^miiui Hmtj IMitriet . . 33 QnabM DUtriet .. 34 Ganml Obttrfatkmi .. .. 31 Afpadiz .. .. 39 NEW BRUNSWICK 47 NOVA SCOTIA 33 PRINCE EDWARD«mAND 59 List of PtniioiMrt abMiit fron InipMtion . . 64 ComptntiTC Statenmt of tho Coatraet Priott of Braid and Mwt in Antwics and in tha Unitad Kingdom . . 64 \ i g g w ^i i iM I | f"'t W* awwf ^, Wi ^ w j g i w ^^ •} mmmmmm mim-' i?.' *; (21) rnvMiian M; lUO. Tlfl^^r^iP? *^¥W^^T"T^* Mr, nttwy IM. OM»«r 1/18M. A9 dbneled bjr yuiii 1 iwirt >lw Iwnoiur t6 lataa^ vfiy Report CD 4i» Iai|Metion'of ilM PeaiiDiMn itt ^orth Axmk^ Beiidili ^ hnoilMr aiul proba^ efRdenej finr local dot/ of time BMO, i^liiicii wm om oT ttie nib ol»jeeti oTmy inqvirjr, I haT« given a iNrieraketoh of the oonilitioii in which I foond Umbi, aa abo of ibrir earnfoga aa^ aaapllbgriMnk at each atdtion, in the hi^ ^^ aot^ mforau^t^ nmneioaa ^naioBera who are duDhua&y nia&iinif tiom tlii cwanfaey. .^.^ ,^j 1 mMt lileii^ aa an apology for any delay which haa taken plaea in vfl^tting^thia fleport, that, acooiding to the wuil praetioe^ four quartan innat el^pae before penaiona caai be coo- Bidered aa forMted by non^ttendance at inapecttmi ; I could not therefore elnee the Hat of abaaotoes at an earlior period without the rtak of error, iMre eapedally aa in the oourae of that time ■everal returned to their diatrieta, and, IwTing aatiafactni jly aooonntad for thefar nou'attendanoe, were identified and pat ; ',y the CoaMiaaariat offlcera. The courae -»jf*f*," WmwwHw ■ttt'-- w w Mi » o in wm» !>• ■ n a if i iwy ifcw «lliBM«c|]ri«qa&W'C -''^-"' -^ -i^-^i' ■■■■'/:' Vav^'L-*^ «i«lilbi atfWMClvii IhMliilrfikMrto M^^ iMt IKM diid to liiA tiMl^w^teittf coalA Iwra^iwt <>!* <^ ^¥!f^te «<«MtMd^iiny cltlM Mil «<^«iol«M* wliki^lMd IdM.lMk mAjhai ««M ahuM flf vensiMera, aadthe eiieanMtaa«aa nndar idiidi thqr^4^^ hi iheaa emoHSie ' ' • '•"■'* ' ' ■"* ' ' '' '•'" '■'* ''"■■ -'■' - Di m tadnelten wWdiiook fhoa dMrtfy altar i^^^'ti^^^^^i;^ 92?u tCr:^. «to^5rtaUngfillmon:*^a^aUaaSSt. Or#itaa^hMig»li»f** W ! IbTiraaiils aiid diariiililiia, oraa hawing eopflpef *ha njMi of awfiee. otheia ae^hiiad tight to iende^ ■»« J«*» .•Jj %» »~«»''™1:IL:S-T«^ emntivdyyoangerdaM to remain in <&nada,who n«^ «2SSfti2Z eoMidflnUe Vody^^ of an age fit for hhoor, or for any defeniive pnrpoM DoriJXTJittieor eix year^ too, many penrionem, P;f**"S{|Jj *S Wteirf. Ce eiitoat.: at their own expenee, iHtK^ ttow rf^^ their fiunUies in (Suada; and abont two years ago, dwing the period flfgenerai diatrcH from the Ihikre of. the potato crop, two targe Teewla were frjjghtej ngnrnfy for the porpeae of ta&big,al the ?•"!« ««I«™f ' *« J'S^™ MSrienmandthe&fomi^ pa» for their ~'^°l«»,*™TWi HmaDer partiae have aJse, as oeeamon offered by OoTomment TeMels, been leM ont ilnce mider the Mme eonditioB. .. .. . .1. xt -# -.- j«^.*»m Theie ehuMie, in aU, compoae a fMree wUeh, at the time of my departure from England* waa eithnated at the following nnmbere:— Total iMuiwMn te be iM|iMte4. In Upp*r mmI Lower Guwda NoTaSeotia New BrumwiA Prince Edward'a kland . . The result of my inspection of thoee in Canada has been as foUows:— V^^yw .4 'Jim 'b4-.^-* Baiiiltariiitp«etioa. TniMile. ContliUoM of iMW- •lonrn. TOBONTO DIBTRIOT. The first district I inspected *•• *»««t«fToront<^ which, as regMsttj penmoners,isoneoftfaemost important in Upper Canada, and frm its rapid ^i«aaeandloealadfaatage8»isUkelytoeonmmeso. ^5sbeingS»lStoS^ th& anpMranMwtth that wBdi they uauaUy present at a head-qnsj»er stotlen SSe^SiSngdom, and the reilt was decidedly in f^^fJsJ^^ A naBer vronortion were in destitote cueomstanees, and »»« 2*. *"«■• J*" wounds or ii^uriea. I^ere were a few whose appears w bore tije staa^onwriJJ beenhept in porerty by intemperance, but the g"*'?' F?P»'¥<» ^<»S ?*7*^ iaconXiSr circSmitances They informed me that though th» dW not find much emnloyment for themselTes, their children were eerily provided for, and soon became a source of benefit to them, b^ readily *^e» " »W«*?S^ an eaSaS hy the trwlesmen of the town, who either proride «»» with food 4mdd^^, 6r make an allowance for their support^ which assists the house- keei^g of the fiunfly. Ml Mir tefai d ft iriik «nl ■tad mflh ■gf. ».f tlw apid •nj- tfMl ttion 4^ "-""f vinf mdy And and ft food Iht low priM ■! «ydi an tiM wmmmiim ofltfi cm to oUaiMd al M«««rpmt. Itara^ aompwad with aqr «f tlM towna Ik tka Uallid Xli^ldou, oparalaa alia ''^ it ftvow of ptaaioMn amigiaiiaff ikan, tboagk aoi to mA aa aitaal aa ia tha aattlaaiMita ftuthar waai At tka tiiM of my i w y cti o ii in Tomato^ tka oontraat piiea oftoMdl waa onfy U^ aad of meat lAV' !« lo., Um laltw balBf littla mora tkaa half tba oMul nta in tUs eoontey. RoMM-nat and fliti, thoagli daarar: wara aot m macb ia aiecM aa to emmtarbalaaca Uw athar advaatacaa of tka ttattcp. laadoaan wko had tananiy raiidad ia Lowar Caaada infonaad au Mwtut- of tu that th^jr foaad thair jsireaBialaaoaa madi imfrored br a ehanga to Tor^to^ '^^* * >*"' tha wbtar baiag lata rigurooa, aad <« aa avarage about aix waaka ihortar, ""''^ pnrriaioBa wara alao mnefa ehaapar, aad wagaa bettar. Ifaay of thcaa ^an> ia ordar to inmra eooataat amptoyBMBt. wonld f ladly ton their attaatioa to ajKrieoHora, bat the Ugh pnea of laad in the naighbooikood of Toronto (gaaafdUy ftom 1(M. to lol aa acre) prerante their baeomiaf pordiaaara. Boaia of tham, howarar, who rent small nlotH of grooad withia ft short diatftnea of the towiL vpgmt to do very well, thoag h paying high for it, aad are generally in a batter poaition, as regards iaeooM^ than otaera whom I Ibnad ia the hack settleaiaata on knd which they obtaiaed aa a Dree grant. niare are two large military reaenrea aloaa to the towa of Toroattrtwl*i flma <«. to a BopMMIlMMMltS to aoi. B-yMr. fl Fnliw. ftoa 4fc to A». o^ay. 4 Sehooimwtan, 4(tf. lo «ML »-jMr Mdi. I M Ma»y«ur. 1 BMdk, at a?/. lOi. ».)Mr. 1 Apotliacary.at ISOL » 1 MMidan, at SOI. m 1 Clark, m, I Stortkaapara, tavara-kaapara, and akandlarai ISf. to IC*. a-waak. a Ditto ditto la. U. to ISt. a.«aak. a Hervaata, gioa w i. aad aoadwMB, 10/. to M. a-yaar, aad board, a Skoamakara and tailora, 4*. to 8f. U. a-wadt. a >i » 9«. to ia«. „ I H H ia». to so*, a n I, aOf. to so*. „ 110 Carriad fonnud. lao BrOHht fcri a FMIaia and waavarat Sib to Aa. a««aak. 4 n ^ to lOfc H 5 .. H lib. tola*. M a Matara aad gbaiara, a*, to a*. » a Caipaatan. joiaara, aad aawjrarai I*. itL to 7*. a-«aalu Ditto diuo a*.tolO».a.«aak. Farai aarfant* and taaaMlara, 7*. to IS*. a>w*ak aad board. Oard*aara, a*. aA to 10*. ••waob. ChiiaBaj.«waap, 14*. „ Cnrriar. 48*. „ Maaoaa aad brieUayara, a*, to 19*. a-waak. Blaakiwitha, 19*. to 9Q*.a-«aak. Butakarii*. » Dairy-keapar, 7*. » Fbkamaii, 19*. m 9 4 4 1 1 9 9 1 1 1 isa 4a Laboiuora, darkt, tradaaaMB, ontofaaoploy. 84 aaaUa to woifc. 9S Uva on paaalaa. a aaly lamvo beard for tbair laboar. 7 oaoartaia aa to tkair aaraiag*. 990 aidaahw of aarieaUariala. aad tarvaala In aaoertaining the condition of the agricnltariata in thia district eon- aiderable difficulty waa experienced, owing to an idea being preralent amMg them, when aaaemUed at this flrat iniqpection, that the ol^ject of my inqairiea waa to efl^ some reduction in the pmsions of those who Md by their exertimia poaaeaaed themaelTea of sufficient property to live independent of that aid. neviously to all my subsequent imq^ectlons, I toak care to satisfy tlie pen- airaera that there was no siwh intention, and that the infonnatior oiySed fbr waa prindbally with the riew of direetiiw other penaioners whokv they could aettle in CJanada with the beat project orsnccess, but in thia inatanee I did- not suqwet the cauae which inducea them to withhold the inlbrmation, tiB it waa too late to remove it, and much reaerve was in consequence shown in gitring the replies from which the following summaiy of the condition of tiiis dasa haa been prepared:— B9 Ntoeuitjr for tmU> ing oat-it«tion». Coburg. I^eterboroufh. M MMni li vm ^ dfMMlMMMb MRl ateMMl lha» JiML |0 mhM «oly MMit Ibair fiuiUiw M MoAMt. ■ — *' -"-t ■» wCMMtiM. IwT&w «i»ly raqntly I Onir IbfM to diiir cMMmd. who rapportdl dMn ftkftdMd* I ■MMT bjr hmlmg, on « 5M; Wd Mt iB tlfa wagr. > M tiM iatoiwt of wUek tiMy ll««d| mm M 1,0001, maU" to work thtMNf vm. 4 ^d kt dMir fluM <■ ilwiw, baiv «nnU«* to work thtMd 1 1 ««n Bfiiv MBfMtobly m hmJI ■Uatomta of turn i to t The ConuniaMrbt officer to whom I referred for information m to the nte'of wage* among the' working ckneea, inflnmed me that the nroal hire of a lahoorer was aboot 2». 6d. steriing a-day in rammer, and 3». a-day ih winter. Though, aceivding to the rclcT^':^ ivceired firom the War Offiee, M9 Chebea penaloners should have anpnued bdiore me, yet by the terminatioB of my inspection nearly one-thira wei-e absent, with an equal proportion of ike Oom> muted pension^. On iliqairy, I found that the remainder resided in remote parts of tiie district, and were paid half-yearly by the officers of the Oommia- sariat i^ the foUowing stations : — DittuM in milM flrcmi Toronto. Cobaif AUrborough LSndaay Hsmilton' Fngttt ,t ,...JOi. lis 45 109 I^ in e(Nn{dianoe with my instructions, I had insisted on these men aj^iear- ing at Toronto, I shoidd not only have put all of them to very serious inconve- nience, but it would have been necessary, in the case of many who were with- out meana^ to transmit a sufficient sum! to pay for their journey to and from Torontto ; and, considering it my duty not to expose them or the public to any such expense, I resolTod, though at much additional fatigue and inconvenienco, to afford th«m the same fii^ties for attending my inspection that the Com- missariat officer had hitherto done at his payments, it was fortunate that I did so, for I ultimately found, notwithstanding all the care I had taken by going to so many different points, uat some of the pensioners had to come a urtance of 90 or M miles to meet me. ' This arraogonent also gave me an opportunity of observing the condition of tile pensioners in the country, as well as in the towns, and of visiting many of their small farms in the course of my route. My first visit was to Coburg, a thriving town with a population of about 4,000 souls, on the banks of Lake Ontario, and to which there is easy access both by ff ood roads and steam-boats. At this place and at Port Hope, a village 6 miles distant, I inspected 21 pensioners, nearly all engaged in agricultural pursuits, and most of them proprietors of land purcha^d bv their own mdustiy. Notwithstanding the expenditure of their capital in this way, I have generalfy found these purchasers more prosperous than others who obtained free grants, as the land allotted to pensioners is sometimes of very indifferent quahty, and requires more outlay to improve it than would p^ for an eligible lot of sufficient extent for their limited means of cultivation. Aone of the pensioners were in destitute circumstances, or approaching to want ; and as an instance of success, it may be stated tiut one of them had Utely sold bis farm of 100 acres, partiy cleared, for 700/. , I next proceeded to Peterborough, 30 miles from Coburg, the last IB 01 which were almost impassable from the badness of the road. Her^ I inspected 03 pensioners, of whom 20 were receiving the commuted allowance ; their general appearance, particularly of the latter cla8s» was by no means so indicative of success as at the stations previously visited ; inost of them luid received grants of land jn the neighbounng township^ but these they stated to be of the very worst description, and that in some cases when they tojok pos- session they found a large portion of the ground under water, and received only 70 or 80 acres instead of 100. These statements were corroborated by persons on the spot likely to be well acquainted with the fiacts, and who informed me ■y-irj^iit tt^le S wmdarting agrieidtnnl i^w^on^ pa^neidwix on bid Mm; wmp of the j[oanger dimrjii peniionen .abin^di^ed tiMlf mitft«^ «id tJardilMtod'M' Mated otiwr hud of miperior anattty, si|d tbotje v&o did id aM itoidit tike onh' jfjemm mk» bave attained eomrort and Md^<>oB. One of HMe 4(Bn Mid podnee ftmnbiafumto the extent of UW.lim yea»; attiMlii# baa rgood fiva% and lately pofdiaaed a mqoikI for wbjdt be paid 7W^ . > > .. . > Notwithrtawding the diffloiuties these netaikmkiliad edgttid^te eMitend with in reepeet of dmr gnokit, they ill, irtth the eieeatiiiA «r a Hir wlm had eommoted* admitted to tee that UJey |«id ^^hil^r fa^hraO^mt (tttoa, that they oenld feed^tl^ ^udliei from Hie piednc^ ot their fiurma. and seU frbm SI. inMl. w(«th **year, whieh eertaJiAjr iMa«it:r»yMt'e¥i^eiP^'^^ prudence aMiindustvy^nnder inch advene drenmsteneea. ' ■■■•■■■'-•'. ; ' * ^ HjT ntti i^q^edion waa at Iindaay,,i^)iMit 80 tdles 'nerih«weat ol Pet«r> boroagh. Part of ihe roaa ia ahoat the wofM in Canada, ai mar be inferred from tlie terma on whidi I was conTeyed, Viie. : iMl&M a^y if I agteed to ST for i\ny accident that might happen to the waggcm, and 6 dolh£i if me TOf undertodt the fiak himself . ' ; . .,, At this place I int|W|eted 16 Chelsea and 26 edtamvted'pe^eiiets; tOofet of whom appeared ie have bieen very sacceafAiL Of I9ie ftnrmer tettM came from a distance of 80 w 40 nnlea momited on thev hoMes, and dbtioosly in cemfortaUe eireomstances for thdr condition in lifeu . They stat^ that their land was sood, and that they could niise as mndi ^odilte as Hbd and dodied their fiunuie% bat that there was l^tle use in grpidng produ^ for saleL owi^k to the distanee from a market' and the bad state df the' toads. IRUs was pavticolarty fdt hj commuted men who weite to6 old to woik; and had to hhre labour, for i«hic& the produc . did not siiOdeittljr tepi^ theta; Aa oh iatatanoe they informed me that they could only obtain on in areragi Sf^ 8(1. einren^, or about 2a. 6d. a budiel. for wheat, ajfter conveying it to the licai^ st(n«. Iff miles diirtant; and thai after sending bdtter and eggi the ttmeri&lance to market, they could only obtain 4|d. euRency. or about 8|tf .'' Btitbh a pound for the former, and 2d. a doaen foirih^Jiitt^. . In consequence of ihe waut til a remunerative price for produce, eveif m the wild Umd-tex, frequently leads to -such bargains. This is almost the onlj place at which I found the commuted pensionen comfortably situated, and it may be quoted as an instance that, old and infirm as they are, they may at least provide for all thdr absolute wants if they only get gm)d huid to settle on. From this station I returned by the same route to Toronto, thus giving to tiuch pensioners as were absent at the first inspection, an opportunity of being seen by me on my return ; but nothing occurred by the way worthy ^ notice. From Toronto i next proceeded in a westerly, direction to Hanulton, Hamilton distant 40 miles, to which there is easy access dther by land or water. The town contains about 8,000 inhabitants and is ntj^dly on the increase. Considering this circumstance, and the adyantages it appeared to possess in FergtM. SnmnMrf of eflciener. pQtet x«Bp9e^ I inui smpriaed to find mlj 61 jmmown mU ihcm^l? whom were receiving the coii»iittte4 nIlowMiee. The high i>nee of kuicl. wh^ nrevwited thdf irattling M ftgrieoItiiriHte. luid the irrf^d»rity of the itamni for meohajdcel Iftbow, were «MDmed •■ the prioeipdi r^iMOna. Borne of tiie men fumed n few acrefi new iw town at a rent •V -",-"1:' !»».-■♦ t- 1^. ■'■'^ ^JtiieoditfaeoidaMt >e ooDfletod for «micim or aOMt mflttny pokiMM wftliont coniidecdfalo dUilealty* ,.««.' ^ la a..:^ They aU exWW. ^ best poMiUe spirit, and wooM, I h»T« no dwH ttfli «iit with the gwil' ikerity iwro their aerTices ever reqoiced in deEttoe «f The^eftpebilv , of theee men to labour for their own wapgoii m^ W Agtt. ei&niled from the Mowing nmunary of their agei: Totoitot— ChtltM CMUBOtad CMmk UiHUr 40. From 4010 4A. 11 PM*i1ierou|^(— CbekM Commied UndM]r>-» CMm 81 Fron 4Sto50. Fran . M to 55. 55 9 HMnihon*-.^ CbdMk Conamtcd P«r|wi»— Ch«b« Conmitod 49 It 16 4 9 19 1 WtOBk 55 to 60. 49 99 AboTC W. 6 4 4 1 119 IS 5 It 11 It 17 11 10 9 Totd ClidM* Pen- •iHMn4tl. Totid OMumtwi Ml. < > In all these tables the ntonber of eommvted pensionert adcb neatij to tile iaefficiencv of tlie nuua, numy of them haTmg been totaDy udH to e«^^ lifdihodd when tent oat to (Aoada twenty years aga The dremutanee of being in recdnt of the commuted allowanoe which is entirely a charitable girat, iiiin^itself eriJUnce of their indigence, and ther are likely to remain in this condition because they are past the age at which they can add to that aUowuiea by daily labour. FovtonatdT, however, the eheifness of provisions and mel i& this pwt of Ctoada admits or thdr pensions going fbrther in their sufjport, and will,^is bope^ mevent than from fidling into the same state of destitution at thoae wbom I uiul have occasion to notice in tiie Lower province. The condition <^ the poinmiets employed in agriculture at the five out- stations 99 MB oidf ftod their ftdniliM ft«m prodttco of their tou. 19 eu fM thair fluBiliM, and nU ftwB at to 10l.inH!th a.yMr. S ditto ditto 10/.toS0f. ditto. 7 ditto ditto 901. to sol. ditto. 1 nn fMd hii findlT, and mU 40/. wdrth a-y«ir. 1 ditto ditto 140{. ditto. I ia worth TOM: I gato hia fSurm to hii chUdfan. 1 not aUa to IM ftmily ftom pradnoe of ftna. 4 cannot ttata this, boiag the firtt year on their (lound. 10 have fiven M infematioa. 75 The number of medianics and hired labourers at these ont-stations isso small that it appears unnecessary to reffer to them as a separate class. The particulars regwding those at Toronto, as well as the agriculturists m that vidnity, have already been given in page 8. .,,,««, . . r obtained all the information usually recorded by staff-officws of wm- sionert, regardiiw the wife and femily o:' eadb pennoner, from which I fin* that, with m exception oi one-seventli, all are married, and that the average CondkieB ef afri- eahwal pemiooera at ovt-alatieBa. Wivea and children. Btrrie. I'eneUn^ithcm. mmf, hawvrm, i«, in tliis oonntiy, no oitcrkm of |ds'4NkitflT, ttofriMlli^lM niv«n»; thoie who li«v« the kq;^ jtenfliM am gai6ra%'iA'iiMC'eoitfMlil^ cveonMtaMeik «ad I aaluKpmr to add th«l the pettiiMMn' di84i«i'*itfiBo«t» dcred • rwj di{pble ebM of aottlenL uid mudi eitoemed in the toknf. Ikl EMM* inatMOei, irlwt«?«r;iiuQr Uve been tlie finlM olr the fiiiliagi of tlidr peiento, tiie difldfcn hnve eeeded fron^ Toronto to Hqlhrnd-Limding, near Laike Bimeo^ by a good rMaL along which are sereral vil^^ and excd^d fiunooa. On the way I p aasei^ t^ locations of some of the peniionera whom I had recently inspected at Toronto^ an^ found them in a ver^ prosperoios state, Those who had Men able to pnremtse lanid at an eai^y period, hul been jparticahurly snocessfli^ withoat any great eiertion on their' part, the price of that w|iich was originally aeqiiired at a few dhill^ags per acre, having in manyjdaces risen to 10/. an acre, idbile 1h« dtinKaaTfor wood kt Toronto, and the facility for conveying it alone tolerable roads makes the nncleared nearl^r of as much valne as tne dearea land. AH the country along this line is being rapidly settled, and ptoffertj k daily imnreasing in Taloe. About three miles from Holland-Landing, I j^oceeded br steam-boat to Barrie, the ]^ace of infection, sUoated on the western ude of Lace fiUmcoe, at the head of Kempenfeld J^y, and containing about 600 inhabitants. Here I inspected 39 peusioners, oi_iihim 31 were receiviiuf the commuted aUowr imce. Tli«lr condition was fSur from enoomraginff. Itome ci the former who h%L settled ip the, townships a4jacent, immecUatdy on their discharge. wWkfi^T the bird hibour of a bttsh life, appeared able to obtain the Mtes* saifea of life^ but owing to the badness of the' roads, and the'diiBeidty ^yi;t^ woduce Ho mai^t* there was Uttie indnceteent to raise anjr f(«r> sale. The (Donunuted pensioners were t6o much advanced in life nr the hard labour i4 most of them deserted their huts and f-'-si-'--*-* It id 3 to Im I «r- ho lio had ing ore real ipd >m« per > of irly >f a tain *iff liitt ^g rery liMl aai ft^ y-% baeamc squatten in other townahiiM, wImm it waa better. In tUb waj they no» succeed in raising sofflcient prodnoe iSor a acanty mbdfltenee, hot none have any to send to market. There is little or no denuud for kbonr, the inhftUtaati ^ipear efaiefllT to depend on the expenditore of a amall natal and mili> taiy detachment conaiiwif of the offl^era^ engincem^ and crew of a iteamJ>oat usually htid up in erdinanr, and a miUiary detachment of 87 men for whom there iaaCmnmiaariat (•tabliiioment, barcack-maater commandant and fort a^jotant; a naval and a miUtary soiveon are also attached to the garrison. There in a large miutary reserve at Penetanguishene ; but judging from the sandy character of the soil between the Tillage and the barracks., whidi was all that I had an opportunity of seeing, it would be of little senrice for the location of pensioners. My next object was to inspect at the village of Sydenham situated on a gydeutuun. small bay called Owen's Sound, about 6fi miles off, where I was iirformed that sereral pensioners resided; I accordmgly proceeded there by steam-boat, but only 8 presented themselres. From them I learned that uie others resided 20 or 80 miles inland, along the line of road to Fergus, the station last visited in the Toronto district; and as it was impossible for me to remain until aotioes reached them, without losing moro time than the object warranted, I adopted the usual expedient in such cases, of banug them identified by written intem^atories forwarded by poet. The pensioners whom I saw at Owen's Sound gave me a very fiiToaralde account of that settlement ; the soil they stated to ho good, particularly alons the line of road to Fergus, whero numerous grants of about SO acres each had been given out by Gmremment a few years ago on condition of the parties residing on the spot, building a hut^ and clearing a few acres. Some of the pensioners who had grown-up children to assist them in doing thii^ have succeeded well. Land can be had venr cheap; 50 acres, of which 12 were cleared, together with a loff hut, were offered for about 12/. 10«., during my visit. With the exception of this station, where the circumstances of the pen. sioners rested more on report than actual inspection, the result of my oraer- vations along the whole route from the time I left the Toronto district, was for from forourable, either as regards the capability of the soil for the settiement of pensioners, or their success in cultivating it. Few or none coidd sell any-produce, and had it not been for the small amount of ready money with which their pension supplied them at stated periods, I have no hesitation in saying that they must have experienced many privations. This is, in some measure, attributable to their advanced age, of which the following is a summary : — > Under 4a From 40 to 30. Frou SO to 6a Above •a rChrliea p«iiti«iMn lUrrie.- .ComaratMl PeneUnguUbeiM r Chelwe and Sydenham. LCommnted . •• 4 8 6 8 8 10 IS 8 94 AgM of ptnsioners. All the commuted men ore above or bordering on 60, and that class is unfortu> nately more common in this district than in any part of Upper Canada, though it is of all others the localiW in which they are least aided by soil and climate in earning a subsistence. Hhe most pleasins feature in their position was, their apparent contentment ; none of them computined, and they all seemed satisfied with obtaining, in a rough way, the means of subsistence. It is to, be feared, however, that much distress wiU arise amongst tiiose who are &st advancing in years, and have no children to support them when unable to work on their own account. Erom the statement of their ages, it is obvious that few men throughout the ineffickney 9f pen- whole of this district are likely to be fit for any military duly; indeed, of the «?n«>f<' '" »'"• J»- whole, I only registered 8 for local company duty and 20 for reserve, and these ^"'^' were residing at such distances that they never could be made available fof military purposes. LondM. Earaiaga of pen- Cheaimen of pro- vitioiu. Id LONDON DISTRICT. The next diitriot borne on the luiti fornUhed to me from the War Oflloe* was London (Guiadn West), but to reaA that (Jaee from Owen's Sound, H would have been neeenarjrtotmTel upwards of 100 miles by land, over bad roadik with wone eonT^an«e% and under a temperature of 100^. I was therefore advised to sara expoiBe and mueh unneeessanr fiitigue bv availing mysdf of the steam- boat from Owen's Sound to Saalt St. Marie, at the foot of Lake Superior, and proceeding thenoe hj another steam-boat to Lake St. Cldr and CSiatiaun, from whidi there is a good road to London of 68 miles. This route I accordingly adopted. Mid arrived thwe in six days by a detour of between 700 and 800 miles. On the way I passed the Cof^r Mines on the Manatoulin Island. Sofiur as I could leani, no pensioners are employed there, but the demand for imported sun^'** ot evenr description, in consequence of the soil being very barnm. and the population Mi^; entirely devoted to the occupation of mining, is likely to open a fiivourable market for the produee of the penrioners settled at S'den- um, as already adverted to. On my arrival in London, I found that the penmoners were chiefly distri- bnted between that town and the out-station M Adehide, 20 miles distant. The former is ntuated on the Biver Thames, uid communicates with Lake Erie by Fort Stanley, to which there is an excellent road. It contains a population of 5000, and firaon the numerous bufldinffs now erecting, appears very prosperous. The pensioners here were decidemy a younger ana more efficient class than I had yet met with; nearly one-ban are employed in agriculture-, the remainder are engaged in the following occupations, and at the wages undermentioned : • 6 kboorrn fram 30/ to 961 a-yoar. 16 ditto f^on 10/. to 90/. a-7«ar. 10 ditto fran HL to 10. a-year. a tehoolmaatera from Ml. to 401. a-year. 1 'ditto at eL m-jtu. 2 ihoenalton from 18/. to 20/, a.year. 4 ditto at 10/. ayrar. 1 tailor at 95/. a-jrcar. 2 ditto froiB 5/. to 13/. a>year. a weavera from 18/L (o 371. a-year. 1 ditto at 4/. a-yrar. 4 in public employj from 1«. o 4$. a-day. 4 elerka, printora, and mniieians, from 40/. to 50/. a-ycar. 7 blackHnitha, farrien, brieklayera , earpeiiterg, joiners, and minen, from 9r. to 4t. a-day. 1 manufacturer, 90r. a-week. 9 waiter*, at 4Q». a>month, nnd board. 3 ploughmen, from SL to 90/. a-year. i tavem-keepen, from 9». to 98*. a-week. 13 live on pensiun. 40 unfit from age, or do not with for employment. 85 labourcix, «noemaker«, ke., can find no employment. Most of those who state that they do not get work regularly have small sUotments of from 1 to 6 acres, on which they employ themselves when there is no demand for their labour otherwise. The Gln'k of the Corporation informed me that the wages usually paid at L1I8. Inas TO; gea \»j. mall here id at >ber, cur- I not in SO duce reme oner, only :ould ibout port- ce of ough ^ -"fi 23:^^ A 11 tlie contact price of good meat is IK per lb., uoet of the penaioiMn' &n^ sabnst npon pwk, wueh tliejr obtain modi dwaper. They informed me that after catting off and sdUiim^ihe fiU to a handle:, the lean whidi th^ kept for their ovn use did not ooet more than one haMpenny per lb. Upwards of 100 of the men were employed in agrienltaNv and they appeared CtindiilM of ifri. by Ikr the most comfortaUe in their circamstances» puticolarly those who had «>HHral puiknm. three or four acres under eoHivition, either in the Ticmity of London or of sonm of the adjacent viUages. These small allotments are more common in this jbivrt' of Ciuiau than any otiier, they extend to the distance of ilre or ten miles iro.n London, and are extremely well adapted for the peraionens as ther do not inrdre any considerable outlay of cental, and reouire labour snffldent to provide regular employment. They can geneiaDy be ourehased at firom 12 to 24 doUars an acre ; the soil is good, and I found mo operations of bus- buidiy carried on by some of tiie pensioners in a manner r&tj soperitNr to what I had obserred at other stations. BcTeral had obtmned the first premiums for farm-stock at the District Agricultnral Show ; and I was assured by Mr. John Langworth, Superintendent of the Canada Company's wmks at Qoderich, that some of ^e best fiumers in this part were to be found amonff the dd soldiers, nnd that in his own township a pensioner named Patton, who had 100 acres of land, brought more produce into market than any other person in the neighbonriiood. Manv of the pensioners^ howerer, having but recently settled in the district, there has not yet been time for them to make the same pro- gress as in older settlements. The general results, so fiir as regards the whole of Ike agriculturists, are as follows : — 3 MDDot feed tbeit faniUee ftttn the produce. 25 do not tlat*, hnviog lately purehued ; but thU } Mr tbey espeet to feed tbeir fiuaiUet and have tome produee for tale. 29 eaa rapport their faiBillea A«m their fimns. 9 nippQit thdr IhaiiUea. and sell fkom 61. to MM. a<)rear. 1 sella to the eitent ot 350/. a-jrear. 93 Uve comfortably on small allotments of from ^ to 5 acres. 13 unoertwn what they make by their fkrms. « This shows that only in three cases are the pensioners employed in a^- culture unable to support their fitmilies on the produce of thdr farau^ the pensions of the rest remain avaiUUe for other expenditure, — a matter of no small importance in a country where ready money goes so far ; and which, with the most ordinary prudence on their part, must in a few years raise them to com- parative independence. There is a small reserve of about 70 acres at London which would be wdl adapted for the settlement of a few pensioners, and more land could be had on reasonable terms if wanted. Most of the pensioners at London are c or motf, and hia tu^^emm dairy prodaee m grMii alnuidaiMse. TiMre k » militarjr rcsorre of abottt 81 •am $A ChathMD, Mt it is moitlv ooT«nd with ttquattcn, wko dispute tlie riglit of oeeopstion. From Chatham I proeeeded h J iteam-boat, a diitaoce of between 40 and 60 loileiy to Amhentborg, the moit Mathern of the Britiih poMeauoni in North Amenoa. Here I found 67 pen8ioaer% aboat one-hdf of whom were fit for lodU company duty ; only aboat 18, howerer, redde in Aiaheretburg or within three ndles of it; thereat came ttom cfmaiderabledistanoeaintiietownBhiMof Moore and Samia on the Birer Bt. Chur,and are all engaced in agricultunu Dorsuits. ^le pensioners reaident in md aboat Amheratoorg do not giro tnemaelTes much trooble in looking for work ; moat of them have gardena, in which they raiae ' TeffetaUea; and they engage in fiahingoccaaionallr. Some grow a little tooacco, and otbera maan&cture ragar from the maple. Owing to the diTeraity of tikeir occupational it would be mfficult to give an abstract of their earnings, as at other atationa. Judgiiup from their appearance and statements, they have few wants, for this placei ule London and Chatham, is so cheap, Uiat moat of them can live on tneir pensions without labour : bread costa only 34. the four-pound loaf, and meat is aa cheap as in London (Canada Weat). At this station there are two military reserves which might be made avail- able for ^e settlement of pensioners : the one is close to the town, and extends over 300 acres; the other is an isluid called Bo?sUanc, nearly a mile distant, and conti^ning abmit 200 acres. The whole of these reserves are cleared of wood, and on die isknd several gardens have been formed by men of the detachment stationed at Amherstburg. The keeper of the light-house is also aUowed to cultivate as much of the ground as he thinks proper; the soil is excellent, and yields abundant returns with little expen^ture either of labour or capital. About 40 miles north from Amherstburf , to which there is a water com- munication by the River St. Clair, lies another large military reserve, containing ibove 600 acres, all of good land and easily cultivated, though lying low and requiring drainage. It has been partially cleared of wood, and might be very useful for the settlement of pensioners, if the* distance were no objection. AH the land in this district appears very good, particularly about Amherstburg, but does not bring half the price which land of the same qnality usaally doM in other parts of Canada possessing similar advantages in point of locality. This is owin^f to an apprenension of ague on the part of intending settlers^ bat the pensioner) do not appear to be less healthy than elsewhere; and the medical officer at the station mformed me that this disease is by no means ao coHunon now as is genemlly su|q;MKied, in evidence of which he fumiahed iae witii the Return No. 1 of Appendix, wbieh shows that the admissionB into hoipital from fever during the last seven year&have only averaged about 60 per tbananid, being as few aa in England. Most of the fevcxs, however, were ofan agdish character. The climate of Upper Canada aj^ars to have undergone considerable change in this respect, owing probably to the increase of cultivation, for though .'-' BHUiy of the localities winch I visited were likely places to meet with ague, and the period of the year was that at which it is usually most common, I found (mly two of the pensioners in Upper Canada snfferiiw from it. Coodition of |>cn- On a general review of the stations of Lcniaon, Chatham, and Amherstburg, •ioncra. which, for the sake of brevity, I shall here consider as if in one district, the result of my observations were most favourable to the f'nndfcion of the pen- sioners. Indeed it seems almost impossible that men can V otherwise than materially benefited by removing to a country where their fixed ihcnmc will go at least twice as far as at home, and where, if they are industrious, mad can obtain a small advance to purchase land, they need have no difficulty in the o panies at London ; any force formed at the latter must be confined to the men m that town and its vicinity, but owing to the facility for settling nenuoners on the reserves at Amberstburg before referred to, no difficult wmdd be found in establishing a separate local comnanv there. That the pensioners in these (fistncts are for the most part well Able Lo ^^ labour for their support may be inferred from their present ages, of which the following is a sumnuuy : — Undor 40. From 40to4S. From 4ftto5a From SOtoSft. From SStoSa AhoTO 60. Total London: — CheliM peMMonn . . Commntad Amhontbotg : — Cownatid . . Chatham:— i 4 ' 88 11 9 46 8 1 1 97 3 6 • ■ 1 11 4 5 9 • • 4« 33 13 3 9 Total . . 9 109 ft6 37 • 99 97 393 The number of wives and children at these stations was as follows: — London ChftllMm ud AvtlMntibniip Itu. Childn 995 99S 88 179 Proportion of womni and ohildron . Miagm. IStiwey. Eaniagi of pM. ilMMn. 14 NIAGARA DISTRICT. From Amhentboiff I proceeded down Lake Erie, and thence to KiagMa, tiM lMad>quarten of toe next pension district. It ha» onljr one out-station, via., Ohimeway about 18 miles distant ; and as the pensioners there are few, and the meilitj of conTeyanee prerented anpr inconvenience from that eoune, tbej were injected at rlTiagaia, and the information regarding them has in consequence been included with that station. From these two placcH there appeared before me 80 pensioners, who were ultimately classed as foUows : — • Ftefttr Lonleompuijr, Fiif*r Rmcrve. ToUlly Unit. Ovnerat Toul ClwltM PmiioMn . . Commatod 85 3 11 7 19 15 65 94 Nbeteen of the men found fit for local company duty were resident in the town of Niagara, and within three miles of it. The country around Niagara having been long settled, and in a high state of cultivation, there is tittle opportunity for pensioners acquiring land of their own. They are principally employed as mecnanics or jobbing labourers alnmt town, or are hired as agricultural labourers in the country. The following is a summary of their earnings and incomes, so far aa I could ascertain the particulars: — 4 fitrmiay, ud «ble to support their fainiliM, and tell from 90/. to 300^ a-jrear. 6 rentiiiK small allotments of from 1 to 5 acres, living comfortably. 1 a captain of militia, cannot state what bis farm returns him. 10 labourers, eamfaiK flwra 3i. to 5«. a-week. 7 ditto ditto 5i. to lOt. ditto. 3 ditto ditto ids. to 15*. ditto. 3 eamiot Ind employment 12 unable to work. ■ I so. 1 will not work, not reauiring to do i 9 cartera, it lit. a-week. 4 aenranta, at from S«. to 9«. a-week, and board. 1 ont of a slt'iation. 9 pedlars, from 9«. to 9*. a-week. 5 elerks bave no employtaent. 1 elodi factor, at 30*. a-week. I miuician, at 5«. a-week. 1 tailor, at 10*. a-week. 1 barrack serjeant, at 17« 6d. a-week. * No complaints w.r" made of want of labour here, though the remuneration is on a low Kale. There is a good deal of jobbing work, which suits men of such advanced ages as the commuted pensioners better than the hard labour of clearing wild land. Bfany of the reHident inhabitants are in comfortable cir- cumstances, and charitably disposed towards them, so ihti they are not in so wretched a condition as I found them at Penetanguishcnc ; but having no land or produce of any description on which to support them^lves, their state will of course become worse as they advance in age. Of the Chelsea pensioners, those who were abl«i to purchase land several years ago have been very fortu- nate, One clears 200^ a-year from his farm, besides feedmg his family; others have farms, which would let for 100/. a-year, and I found them kept in excellent order. Three of the pensioners rent small allotments of from four to five acres each ; and although they pay what are considered high rents, they not only clear them, but are able to feed their families from the produce. There can be no doubt that, in a well-settled part of the country such as this, pensioners would succeed if .small allotments could be assigned to them ; and fortunately there is a military reserve of about 475 acrcH adjacent to Niagara cleared of wood and unoccupied, besides several smaller ones at i a '■^^ ^ on. in re ■•I •» •«.'»«• f he tte eir >n of of p- lO d U tiiimMwa, QaeeniUmn, wA other ptaees In the nelghbowrhMd, wMeh wovid admit of auen m meaMure without much oxmbm. The foUowingabitraetor the«|Mof the iMn ahowi • eomiderable eupMity for audi emptoynen^ if it eoold be found for them : — VUtt 40 40 to M «StoM M>I»W MtoM AWtvao ToML CUhM 1 III 11 4 • S 14 17 u These 8A pemionen hud 08 wirea and S4i ehildreu. Of thu latter, how- ever, comparatively few are residing with their parenta, aa the (heil^ of obtain- ing kbour in the States adjacent, at high wagea^ tempts them away at aa earij ace, especially when they hare no proapeot oi succeeding to hmd in the erent — 4 can iiipport their fhmilie*, and tell from lOL to SOL a-yaar. 1 1 can only rai«e snflcient to feed their fomilia*. 3 state they have to purchase flour for their familiea. 9 cannot state, being first year on their bnu. 12 uaoartain if they can raise snflcient to fwd their children thii year. 1 unable to work liis farm. 1 looking for a form. Wires and children. I found that of these men 180 were married, and that they had 088 children alive. nof icea tto ihejr the ^i i men latit r^ hildren 17 BYTOWK DISTRICT. ThU dUtrict is genenlljr •pproKched from Kingston bj the Ridean Oannl, BjriQwa. which bv connecting the Ottawa with Luke Ontario, forms a water communica- tion with the Lower Provincoii, indejiendcntl}' of the 8t. Lawrence. The land alonff the iMnkn of ih- canal*i» little cultivated, being for the most part poor, rocKj, and in many placvN inundated to a great extent; but in the interior, and towards the I <">•'*• follows : — 9 em (M thtir familiM from prodne* of farm, ud mII oteh 100/. a-rnr. 9 ditto ditto ditto SOL ditto. 4 ditto ditto ditto 90Lio40l. ditto. 4 ditto 4Btt« ditto 10/. toaof. ditto. 8 ditto ditto ditto 5/. to 10/. ditto. 5 ditto ditto and pajr iton bill about 10/. a-year. 15 feed their familiei, but do not fell produce. 6 are unable to support ftuniiiei from produoe of fkrm. 1 told bii land for 690/., and live* on tlie intorett. 9 are unable to work tnm age, and have given their grants to their children, with whom they reiide. 1 lirei on hit pension, without Uad. 2 are day-labourer*. 1 it a loelimaiter, at 4*. a-day. 1 texton, il. a-year, and houte. 1 teacher, at 13/. a-yoar, and houte. 1 crier of Court, receiving 30/. a-year, IVe« houte and garden. 1 clerk of Court, lUO/. a-year. 4 unaccounted for. Of the above, 3 are magistrates; 2 arc field-officers; and 2 captains of militia. The inspection of these men formed a very pleasant part of my duty, they were so respectable in their appearance and conduct ; but none of them are now of an age to serve as enrolled pensioners. The other pensioners who attended for inspection at Bytown were younger men, but still anove the average age in other districts ; comparatively few of them are fit for a local company, and they reside at such distances that there would be great difficulty in assembling them for any military purpose. From Bytown I proceeded to Richmond, along a good road which, for Richmond, several miles, passes through well-cultivated farms, several of them the property of old soldiers. These, indeed, were at first almost the only settlers in Rich* mond, which is now a thriving town, containing nearly 1,000 inhabitants. The total number who appeared before me was 44, aU of whom were doing well. Out of 40 employed in agriculture, I found only two who stated that they were unable to feed their families from the produce of their farms. were well able to do so, and about an equal number admitted that they could also pay their store-bills for groceries, clothing, and other supplies, which generally amounted to irom 10^ to Id/. annnaJly, while two or three could D u Franktown. Smith's Falli. . ! Perth. I Ages and efficiency of pensioners. 18 dispone of produce to the extent of from 50/. to 100/, a-year, and this in addition to considerable outlay in improving their farms and erecting build- ings thereon. The soil about Richmond is very good, and the results show that with this advantage and good roads, military settlers have no difficulty in getting for- ward. Here, as in nearly every other part of the district, the men are very old, but their children, being established in the neighbourhood, take care of them, and they experience no want. At Franktown, the next place I visited, there were only 4 pensioners, but all were prosperons; one earned 30/. a-year by weaving, another 40/. a-year as a schoolmaster ; a third was able to feed his family on the produce of his farm, and had just finished a house wliich cost him $700 ; the fourth was too old for work, but had made a little mone on which he supported himself. The whole village only contained about 50 inlbabitants. It may be stated as an instance of the lo'v rate of wages in Canada, that one of these pensioners who hod three grown-up daughters at service, informed me that the wages they received in a country town in Scotland the year before they came out was greater tL?n they now got in Canada. Smith's Falls, to which I next proceeded, is a village of about the same size as Richmond, and is situated on the Ridean River and Canal ; here I found about 20 pensioners, all of them advanced in years ; 4 were in the employ of the Ordnance as lockmostcrs and labourers on the canal, at from 2». 6d. to 4«. 6d. a-day ; 10 had small farms, of whom only 2 stated their inability to support their families on the produce; 4 said they could do so, but had no produce to sell ; and 4 could, besides supporting their families, sell from 10/. to 16/. a-year; the remainder were chiefly day labourers. From Smith's Falls to Perth, the next station, is a distance of 14 miles. I found only 41 pensioners located there, nearly all engaged in agricultural pur- suits, and, with the exception of 3, who complained that they had rocky and swampy lots, they were all able to raise sufficient to support their families ; many also paid their store bills in that way : some were, however, beginning to be too far advanced in life for day labour, but their children took charge of their farms, and they were well supported out of the produce. The returns of the ages of the men throughout t'lis district show that few or none can be fit for any purpose of military organization. Tliey are as follows : — Under 40. From 40 to 45. From 45 to 50. From 50 to 35. From 50 to 55. Above 60. BytowD : — Ctielaea Commuted . . 1 9 1 ■• 5 1 66 8 Kiclimond : — Chelsea Commuted •• •• 2 •■ 6 35 1 Franlitown : — Chelsea .. 4 Smith's Falls :— Chelsea Commuted 1 •• 5 1 11 Perth:— Chelsea Commuted . . •• 2 •• 14 3 24 Of the whole only about 20 are fit for local company service. Any military organization in this district, therefore, can only be efifccted by holding out inducements to j^ounger men to settle in it, and this would not Ordnance retenrei. bc difficult, as there are extensive Ordnance lands which might be made avail- able in various parts, and the success which has attended the earlier settlements affords good reason to hope that any future ones would be likely to do well 10 also, particularly as there are none of these difficulties to contend with, arising from the absence of roads and communications, which long retarded the progress of the earlier settlers. I found that the number of wives belonging to the pensioners at all the WiTM and children, stations of this district was 173, and that they had 881 children. Most of the children are grown up, and very respectably settled either on their parents' fiarms or lands adjoining. I visited this station from Montreal by proceeding up the Ottawa, but as it lies within the Upper Province, the results are more apptopri.>tely stated here before narrating what took place in the course of my inspections down the St. Lawrence, the first district on which is PRESCOTT, A town containing about 2,000 inhabitants, and 68 miles below Kingston. Pre»cott ud Con- I also inspected at Cornwall, which is nearly of the same size, 60 miles lower *•"' down the river. As my inquiries did not eucit any facts calling for separate notice, the results of the two stations have been included together. At both, the soil is comparatively barren and unprofitable, labour little in demand, and few of the pensioners are able to obtain work. At Pree^ott there appeared before me 44 Chelsea and 19 Commuted pen- sioners ; of these I found a baker, a cook, and a shoemaker, earning about 40/. a-year each ; a pedlar and shopkeeper about 10/. a-ycar each, and 12 stated themselves to be labourers, earning in the course of the year as follows : EarniogK of peo- ■ionen 1 Labourer earned 20/. a-ycar. 1 „ 10/. „ 4 I, ' from 5/. to 7/. a-year. 6 „ from 2/. to 3/. 10 could find no employment. This low rate of remuneration arose, not merely from the scarcity of employ- ment, but from the men being unfit for continuous labour ; 15 stated themselves to be quite incapable of labour of any kind. The returns of those employed as agriculturists furnish no better results, as Condition of agri- will be seen by the following summary : — cultural pensionen. 1 supported his family, and sold produce to the extent of 10/. a-year. 1 with difficulty could grow sufficient to feed bis family. 1 could not state. 13 could not raise sufficient produce to feed their families. Judging from this information, the condition of the pensioners at these stations is far from encouraging. Several causes concur to produce this, the operation of which became more apparent the further I proceeded eastward, viz. : the greater severity of the seasons, the longer duration of winter, the uncertainty in the crops, and the higher price of all the necessaries of life, combined with lower raies of wages. Of the Commuted pensioners, such as were able expressed themselves well satisfied to work for their board, in which case their allowance of 4|d. a-day barely sufficed to pay house-rent, fuel, and clothing. When no longer able to work, they are in great destitution — though not so badly ofl' in every respect as those I subsequently found located in the Lower Province. At this station the ages of the men were respectively as follow i : — Ages. Preseott : — Cliclsoa Pensioners Cominutcil do. Curnwnll :— Clielsea Petisiomrs t'om initeil do. Uiiilfr 40. From 40 to 45 From 45 to 50. 13 From 50 to 53 From 55 to 60. Above 60. 16 C Total. 47 20 D2 20 Montreal. Earnings of pen- lioners. ri i t Of these only 20 are fit for local compuiy doty, and as bat 7 of that number are resident at Prescott and its vicinity, they are not likely to be of any service for military purposes which require concentration. Among the 76 pensioners in this district, there are 59 wires and 249 children. MONTREAL DISTRICT. Proceeding down the St. Lawrence for a distance of 180 miles, I arrived at Montreal, the head-quarters of the district of that name, and to which are attached the out-stations of Carillon, Coteau-de-lac, and Huntingdon. The pensioners who appeared before me at Montreal amounted to 208, besides 87 who had commuted their pensions. The former were comparatively younger men than I had yet met, except those at London, and I anticipated that in a town of such magnitude most of them would be able to find profitable employment ; but, with the exception of about 50 in the employ of GU>vem- ment, at various rates, from la. to 10«. a-day, the whole appeared to be earning lower wages, and to have a still greater scarcity of work than in this country. The following were their respective occupations and average earnings: — 31 employed in Barrack, Commissariat, Engineer, and Ordnance departments, at per day from Is. to lOt. I in Customs, at 25^ a-year. 1 lessee of turnpikes, at 3007. a-year. 10 in police and corporation departments'^ from 20/. to 36/. a-y«ar ; 3 from 45/. to 72/. a-year; 2 from 100/. to 125/. a-year. 1 in post office, at 50/. a-year. I schoolmaster, at 15/. a-year. 1 brewer, at 500/. a-year. 3 musicians, from 20/. to 300/. a-year. 3 store and tavern-keepers, from 5/. to 40/. a-year. 2 armourer's blacksmiths, at 3/. a-year. 1 1 shoemakers, tailors, pedlars, and saddlers, from 3/. to 20/. a-year. 4 „ „ „ „ from 25/. to 50/. a-year. 13 labourers, from 2/. to 5/. a-year. 19 „ 6/. to 10/. a-year. 4 „ 10/. to 15/. a-year. 2 „ 20/. to 30/. a-year. 1 „ at 36/. a-year. 3 farm-servants, from 6/. to 18/. a-year, and board. 1 carpenter, at 36/. a-year. ' 9 servants and coachmen, from 32t. to 40i. a-montb, and board. 1 pointer, at 30/. a-year. 1 miller, at 10/. a-year. 25 can find no employment. 10 live on their pensions, and do not look for employment. 86 unable, from age, &c., to labour, or unwilling to work at wages offered. 1 uncertain. 2 living on allotments from | to 4 acres. 247 £ farm, can feed their families, and sell from 5/. to 15/. worth yearly. 5 farm, and can only feed their families. 9 have to purchase produce. 1 1 cannot state. 277 Out of 74 who designated themselves as labourers, only 28 found regular employment, and their average earnings amounted to little more than lOZ. each, in the course of the year ; 17 of the others either stated they were unable to work, or that the wages offered were too small to induce them to do so. Even the most active and industrious complained that, during the long winter, extending over nearly 5 months, they seldom got work, and, for the rest of tlie year, they thought themselves fortunate if occasionally employed at 2s. currency, or about Is. 7rf. .sterling per day. To remove any doubt on this subject, I applied to the Clerk of the Corpo- ration at Montreal to inform mc of the rate of wages paid by him on account of the city, throughout the year, and his report was as follows : '■ Sir, City Hall, September U, 1849. " In fulfilment of the promise made you yesterday, I have examined the jiay-lists and vouchers in possession of the City Surveyor, and from the informa- ■^ . '■"41 !&•'»'»■ * • • 21 hat of *A9 red are 08, ely ted ,ble ril- ing '^ *t:t^-o^-9 ular 10/. nblc ong the Jut ■po- lunt the ComparatiTe high pt!ee of provision!! and house-rent. tion so obtained, as well as intelligence acquired from other credible soorcea, I am enabled to certify that 2«. Qd. currency was the highest rate of wages paid Wagfs at Montrral. to labourers by the Corporation, and indeed throughout the city generally, from Ist May to the 1st Kovember, in any of the last five years ; and that labourers' wages, from 1st November to 1st May, never exceeded from 1«. 3d. to 1«. 8d. currency per day, and employment being very scarce, many labourers were unable to find any work at all m the winter season. " I regret to add that there is no prospect of any increase in either siunmer or winter wages during the next or following years. On the contrary, if any change occur, there is reason to apprehend it will he an unfavourable one for the labourers. (Signed) J. P. SEXTON, City Clerk." After making allowance for the difiTerence between currency and sterling money, this information clearly showed that, were a pensioner fortunate enoiigh to obtain labour on every day of the year, Sundays excepted, his remuneration would only amount to 9s. 6d. sterling a-week, being scarcely the average rate of agricidtural wages in this country. Even those employed as house-servants, and whc were exceedingly steady men, rarely received more than 8 dollars, or about 11. 13s. 8d. per month, with board. At the hotel where I resided, three of the waiters were pensioners ; they received 8 dollars a-month during the summer, and 6 during winter, without perquisites. Their average receipts, throughout the year, could, there- fore, not have exceeded 18/., and the same description of men would certainly not have engaged for less in any country town in England. Besides these low wages and difficulty of obtaining employment, the pensioners have at this station to contend against other disadvantages : fire- wood alone cost three times, and bread and meat twice as much as at London or Amherstburg. Several of the men whom I visited were paying two dollars a-month for accommodation which could readily have been obtained, und of a better description, in the western districts, for one. I found only about 20 of the pensioners engaged in farming ; 5 of them could sell produce to the extent of from 51. to 16/. a-year, besides feeding their families ; 3 others who had purchased land at a cost of from 100/. to 200/. informed me that they had never been able to sell anything ; the remaining 12 could barely support their families on the produce, the 2 who sold most merely rented farms. I found that a large proportion of the men in Montreal, feeling the difficulties they had to contend with, would gladly have left it and proceeded further west, but all their money being expended in paying their passage out, and being in some cases still under stoppages on that account, they were destitute of funds to cnrry them further. Long before pay day their pensions were anticipated by debts contracted to storekeepers, so that they never had any money to receive, and were fixed hopelessly at the spot which appeared least favourable to their exertions. This observation applies particularly to many who went out about two years ago, receiving free passages for themselves and their families, on condition of paying for their provisions during the voyage. The stoppage p«ge« for this, commencing immediately on their arrival, threw them so much in debt, that they have never yet been able to get over their difficulties, or to proceed further in search of employment. Many of those men, too, were as far advanced in life as the commuted pensioners, and equally unfit for the hard labour required of them in that country. Though I heard many complaints of the intemperance of the pensioners, and assertions that their want of success was attributable to this cause, J was glad to find on inquiry that such observations applied principally to the commuted class, of w^hom 79 appeared bclore me for inspection, all between 60 and 70 years of aijc, totally unfit for work, many of them in the most deplorable, destitute condition, and glad to add to their scanty income by begging. This keeps them constantly in the streets under the eye of the public, so that any drunkenness or misconduct is immediately noticed, and I believe that more opprobium has in this way attached to the pensioners than is merited l)y them in the mass. The commuted allowance to these men of 4jrf. a-day, which might have supported them had they been settled in a more favourable locality while still Condition of pen- siuuers under slop- Intetiipcraurp ol conimuteJ pen- sioners. 22 Out-ttationi. CwrilloB. Coteau-de-1ae. Huntiofdon. \l Agei of peniionan in diatrict. of an age to Uboor, is manifestly inadequate at a station where eren younger men have a difficulty in procuring employment, and where it is doubtful if the whole amount of their allowance woida, under the strictest economy, provide tiiem wita lodging and firewood during the long and severe winter. From Montreal I proceeded 10 miles by railway to Lachine, and thence by steam-boat a further distance of 37 miles to Carillon on the Ottawa. There, 14 pensioners appeared before me, of whom 4 were receiving the commuted allowance. Except 3, who were in the employ of the Ordnance on the Grenville and Rideau Canal, none seemed in comfortable circum- stances. Of 7 who followed agriculture only 3 could raise sufficient produce to feed their families ; the others were in great poverty, and by what I could learn from the residents in the place, suffered much privation during winter. Most of the men were too old for hard labour, and their children had deserted them, owing to the want of profitable employment. Indeed that part of the Ottawa district appeared most unpromising for agriculture ; I may mention as an instance, that last year the Registrar stated there was plenty of land on aole at 1». 8d. per acre. Coteau-de-lac, the next station of the district, lies on the banks of the St. Lawrence, about 43 miles above Montreal ; here I found 6 pensioners, I employed as barrack labourer, another as barrack serjeant; the rest were engaged in agriculture, and their condition much the same as at Carillon. Huntingdon lies 15 miles south of the last-named place; 13 pensioners are usually paid there, but not having time to visit them in person, I could only examine them by written interrogatories. Judging from their replies they do not seem to be in much better condition than those at the other two stations ; nearly all are employed in farming, but only 2 stated that they were able to feed their families and sell to the extent of 51. or 10/. o-year. Most of the men at these out-stations are of advanced age, as will be seen from the following summary, which refers to the whole district. l.-r^.4 Under 40. From 40 to 45. From 45 to 50. From 50 to 55. From 55 to 60. Above GO. Montreal :— Chelsea Commuted S 57 47 1 27 5 18 13 47 66 Carillon : — Chelsea Commuted •■ I 1 2 1 3 2 Coteau-de-lac :— Chelsea Commuted 1 1 3 1 Huntingdon :— Chelsea Commuted 1 I 1 1 6 3 Total 5 59 51 34 34 123 Wi^es and children Owing to the distance at which the men at the out-stations reside, and their advanced period of life, none of them could be readily available for local company service ; but in Montreal 127 out of 208 who presented themselves might be considered fit for that duty, and of the former, 109 resided in the town or within three miles. Of these, however, 60 are already in the employ- ment of Government, many of whom could not be spared from their occupations, on days of exercise, or when called out in aid of the civil power, and it may be very doubtful whether axij of the others would remain in the district if they had the means of settling in a cheaper part of the country wh(»'e work was more abundant. Among the 306 pensioners in tlie district, I fuund that there were 2G6 wives and 921 children, being about the usual average throughout Canada. 23 ST. JOHN'S DISTRICT. ■ I- f Having completed my inspection of the Montreal district, I crossed the St. Lawrence to La Prairie and proceeded a distance of 17 miles by railway to St. John's on the Richelieu River, which is the head-qoarters of a pension district comprising five out-stations. At St. John's about 60 pensioners are usually paid, but some of them St. John's and iti having already by mistake appeared before me at Montreal, they were not out-»t«»iona. required to attend upon this occasion. At Chambly, 12 miles further up the Richelieu River, about a dozen pen- sioners arc paid. At Isle aux Noix, 14 miles further, there are but 3, and at Philipsburg, Granby, and Sherbrooke, only 6 in alL At St. John's 24, and at Chambly 6 appeared fit for local company duty, and about 20 might be available for reserve at both places; the men at the other stations are too few and too distant to be reckoned as part of either force. With the exception of a few of these men who are settled as store- keepers in St. John's, none in this district appear to be prospering, they are principally employed in agriculture, which they conduct in a very rough way, and the produce reared by them is barely sufficient for their support ; I heani no complaints of the soil, but the long winter in that part of the country was stated by the pensioners to be much against them. The ages of those men are not so great as to prevent their success in agri- Ages of pensionen cultural pursuits, if other circumstances were favourable. They are as follows ■*■. ^- John'* dif- fer the whole district: — ' ' triet. Under 40 From 40 to 45 From 46 to 80 From 60 to 55 From 56 to 60 Above 60 St. John's :— . Chclsoa Commuted . . Chambly and other Out-alations : Chelsea Commuted . . 1 7 U 3 7 1 4 1 7 2 2 4 16 19 4 3 Total 1 7 14 13 16 34 The numbers at each of the out-stations are so smiOl, that it appears unnecessary to submit separate returns regarding them, and they have there- fore been classed together as above. Among the pensioners in this district there are 69 wives and 292 children alive ; most of the latter are able to labour for their own support. WILLIAM HENRY DISTRICT. >>» After returning to Montreal from this district, I proceeded down the St, Lawrence, for a distance of 45 miles, to William Henry, better kno^vn by the name of Snrel, which is the head-quarters of a small pension district, having Sorcl. one out-station at Drummondville. Fourteen pensioners appeared before me at William Henry, of whom 7 were upwards of 70 years of age, and 6 of these quite unable to work. Of the others, 2 were employed as labourers, and earning from 51. to 10/. a-year besides their board ; 2 could find no employment ; 1 was a teacher of music, in receipt of 40/. a-year; and 2 had gardens of an acre each, from which the one sold vegetables to the extent of 30/. last year, and the other had grown 60 bushels of potatoes, 9 of oats and peas, 6 of Indian corn, and sufficient vegetables for his family. The soil to admit of this must of course been good, and it shows how much may be done when the pensioners' labour and capital are restricted to small allotments. The occasioRal residence of a General Officer and his stafiT at this station. 24 ll^^ however, creates a demand for garden produce which could not otherwise be expected, so that these instances of success may be quite as dependent on that circumstance as upon the exertions of the parties. DnmmiondvilU'. The out-station of Drummondvillc lies in the interior, at the distance of about 45 miles from the St. Lawrence. For nearly one-third of the way, the soil is very sandy. Here 10 pensioners appeared for inspection; all, with one exception, very old. They had been located on bad soil thirty years ago, and were by no means prosperous. Three still resided on these grants, but were unable to raise sufficient produce for their families; 5 had given up their grants and bought better land ; 4 of whom are now able to raise as much as supports their families, while the fifth can in addition sell produce to the extent of 10/. a-ycar; 2 are day-labourers, the rest are farming at a dis- tance in the country, but only 1 is able to sell to the extent of 12/. a-year. Many of the pensioners alleged that the roads were so bad there was no use in raising produce, as it wo:.id not pay the expense of conveyance to market. In some parts where the climate did not permit the growth of wheat, I found the difficulty and expense of conveyance so great, that the coarse flour purchased in Montreal at 4J dollars per barrel, was sold for from 7J to 8 dollars a barrel, and when taken on credit, as was generally the case with the pensioners, one dollar was added for interest on every 5 dollars' worth purchased, which the store-keeper assured them was only charging 5 per cent. ■< ..; « QUEBEC. Quebec, the next station, is the head-quarters of a pension district com- prising five small out-stations, distant as follows : — St. GiloB Frampton Leeds Inverness Three liivcrs Miles. 30 38 38 50 90 Quebec. Condition of pen- sioners at Quebec. Wages. At Quebec there appeared before me for inspection 108 pensioners, about one-half of whom were fit for local company duty; but as 32 are employed as servants or in public offices, from vhich they could not be withdrawn without losing their employment, it is only the remainder who can be reckoned on for any purpose of military organization. There also appeared 47 commuted pensioners, several of whom reside at the out-stations, but were induced to come to Quebec on this occasion, in the hope of obtaining their pensions a few days earlier. They were almost all incapable of labour, either from age or infirmities, ap'' appeared in great desti- tution, much more so indeed than I have ever witnessed in any part of the United Kingdom, and yet their condition, sad as it was, fell short of what I subse- quently witnessed on visiting the out-.stations. Even the younger class of pensioners had much difficulty in finding employ- ment, and when they did so, the wages stated to be received by them were so low, that I considered it my duty to look for information on that subject from other sources. With this view I obtained from the books of Messrs Gilmour and Company, one of the most extensive firms in North America, the extract. No. 2 of Appendix, which shows the wages paid by them to the labourers in their wood-yard to have been as follo\ys in sterling currency, for each month of the years 1847 and 1848 : S a I" I a t; o e a 8 1847.. 1848.. ». d. 1 Si 1 Oi ,. d. I 4i 8J a. d. 1 5i 10 I. d. 1 H 1 H .». rf. 1 10] 1 Ci t. d. 2 Oi 2 4j *. d 2 4| 1 10} ». rf, 2 5i 1 8i J. rf. 2 3 1 8} s. d. 1 10} 1 5i ,. d 1 3i 1 li rf. 8.? 10 '^ -■•■aJ •■ 25 From Another resectable aottfte I learned that the labooreri employed hf shipbuilders received during winter onl^ lOd. anlaY eotrency, or l^d. sterling, ana that the carpenters dunng that period had only 1«. 6d. currency, or 1«. 9d. sterling. When this is the nue of wages to strona healthy men in the prime of life, accustomed to hard labour, and many of them u>ng employed at this descrip- tion of work, it may easUy be supposed that ■)en8ioners are not likely to find em- ployment at very remunerative rates, and that the following summary uf their condition, taken from their own statement, is not in any respect exaggerated: 34 are in military department!, from lOd. to 4«. 10(^ a-day. Eaminga of pcn> 1 in poft offlee, at 100/. a-year. lionen. 1 rouiioian, at 4S/. a-year. 2 in ouitom-houie, at 16^ to 33/. a-year. 1 cuitom-houM ofleer, at ISO/, a-year. 1 clothier, at 30/. a-vaar. 2 blackimitliti at 402. a-year. 1 cutler, at HI, a-jiear. 4 thoeroakere, from 4/. to 20/. a-y«ar. 8 Mrntoti, from 19/. to Ml. a-year, and board. 1 watehmaoi at SOL »>year. 5 pedlars, fttnn 3/. to oL a-year. 1 painter, at SO/, a-year. 1 policeman, at St. Sd. a-day. 1 gtorekeeper, at 11. a-year. 15 laboureri, from 10/. to 20/. a-year. 10 ditto iL to 10/. ditto. • 4 give labour for board. 61 cannot 6nd employment, or are unable to work from a^. 2 hare imall allotments. 1 schoolmaster, at 16/. a-year. 2 gardeners, from S*. to 7«. a-week. The wages are thus low when taken on the average of the whole year, owing Reasons for low to two circumstances: first, that from the opening of the river till the approacB '^^ <>' «'*sm at of winter, there is such a constant influx of destitute emigrants ready to labour ^®^' for any remuneration which may be offered to them, that it is almost impossible, without a great expansion of trade, to find employment at even nominal wages. Again, when winter has set in, all a^cultund operations are suspended, and such of the emigrants as formerly derived their support from that boarce are thrown on the town for employment, at the very time when in consequence of the St. Lawrence being dosed against all traffic, there is the greatest difficulty in finding the means of support. The preparations to be made for the long winter and spring in the severe EipensesatQuebec. climate ot Lower Canada require also much greater resources than the pen- sioner possesses and more than he has been accustomed to lay out in the com- paratively mild climate of this country. Supplies of warm clothing have to be provided, as also large stores of firewood, with expensive stoves to ensure economy in its use ; and all this has to be done under a rate of wages lower than in Britain, -fith house-rent at double the cost, and the price of all the necessaries of life nearly as high. The contract price of meat when I left Quebec was, for instance, S^d. per pound, while in Kent on my arrival in this Prices of provisious. country it was 3f J., and in many parts of Ireland it could be had much cheaper. A comparison of the price of bread cannot be made with equal facility, as that used by the troops in Quebec is not contracted for, but baked in a Government establishment. Except at Frescott, Toronto, and Amherstburg, however, the price of bread throughout Canada is higher than in England, as will be seen on reference to the contract-rates for the troops, Xo. 3 of Appendix ; the lower price of grain in Canada being more than compensated by the increased charge for baking and grinding there. Under these circumstances it will not excite surprise that most of the pensioners who are obliged to spend a winter in Quebec, after their arrival, get into difiicnlties from which they are rarely able to extricate themselves so as to leave the place and try their fortune further west, under a better climate and more propitious circumstances. Indeed I was assured that were it not for the charitable donations of some of the Catholic Societies, many of the pensioners would absolutely starve during the winter. As a contrast between the condition of a pensioner in Quebec and at London, Canada West, it ia only necessary to state that besides employment E '1 Condition of agri- cultural pentionar* at Quebec. 26 being more plentifiil at the latter, the labour of one day will purchaae four times aa much bread and meat as at the former. Owing to the cost of land in the vicinity of a large town, comparatively few of the pensioners at Quebec follow agricultural pursuits, and even to these it appears, Arom the following statement, not to be very remunerative though some have expended considerable amounts on their ground. S cannot raiie luiBeient to feed their familiei. 1 can raise suiBciept to feed family. 3 can do to, and tell il, worth a-year. 1 ditto ditto 10/. ditto. 1 ditto. ditto 16/. ditto. 1 ditto ditto 80/. ditto. 3 rent houiei with tn acre of land; produce not itated. There is no mUitary reserve in the neighbourhood of Quebec, nor any means of locating the pensioners so as to provide employment for them on small allot- ments of their own, when they cannot find it otherwise. With the exception of the commuted pensioners, the ages of the men would admit of their labouring successfully, provided opportunity could bo found for their doing so. They are as follows : Age* of peniioaer* at Quebec. Quebec. Under 40. From 40 to 45. From 45 to 50. From 50 to 55. From 55 to 60. Above 60. Cheliea Commuted 1 24 17 1 IS 1 10 12 44 33 The pensioners at this station did not appear to have the same facility as at Toronto in getting their children provided for, and in consequence of the high price of provisions a man with a large family finds himself at Quebec in as great difficulty as he would in the United Kingdom, perhaps more so, a there are no large manufactories in which children at an early age can find employment. Out-itations. Bad as was the condition of the pensioners here, however, I found it infi- nitely worse at the out-stations after described. Frampton. Frampton, the first of them that I visited, is a village containing about 200 inhabitants, on the other side of the St. Lawrence, and about 37 miles south- east from Quebec ; the road to it, with the exception of the last few miles, is tolerably good. Here 16 commuted and 4 Chelsea pensioners appeared before me ; all the former had received grants in the settlement of Cranbourne, about eighteen years ago, and 15 were still resident thereon, but could not grow suffi- cient to feed their families; one had given up his grant and was squatting in another person's ground, where he raised as many potatoes and oats as sup- ported him. These men all complained that their grants were on land of the worst description ; that year after year they lost their crops from early frosts ; that it was sometimes June before they could get their seed into the ground ; and that in one year the frost set in as early as August. In consequence of the adverse and uncertain character of the climate, they appeared to have given up all hopes of being able to raise produce of any kind, and several of them were in such poverty that they could no longer purchase seed. Most of their children, seeing no prospect of employment at Cranbourne, had deserted them and gone to the States. Though there appeared no sign of dissipation among the pensioners here, and I was informed that they were the best hehavod in the district, I never saw men in such a state of destitution, in fact they were so reduced from privations and age, that even if located on good ground they would be unfit to use it. The 4 Chelsea pensioners appeared in better circumstances, though resident in the same townships ; fortunately only 2 had accepted of grants, for they could not raise from them sufficient to feed their families. The other 2 rented farms of 100 acres each for IL 5s. a-year, from which they fed their families, and sold dairy produce sufiicient to pay their rent. ler "< 4 a; The men at this station were hirther advanced in years than any I had yet met. The following is a summary of their ages :— From 55 to 60. From 60 to 70 From 70 to 80. Above 80. 5 7 7 1 Fourteen of the 20 were married, but few could say how many children they iiad alive, an they had long ago been descried by them. The next station at which I inHpectcd was Leeds, about 40 miles to the l^*ii- east of Frampton. Only 5 commuted pensioners are paid thtre, of whom 2 appeared for inspection, and 2 met me on the road ; they had aU received grants, but had given them up. One was able to earn his living by cobbling ; 2 others were squatting on some ground belonging to other parties, and with the produce of it and their pensions were able barely to subsist ; the fourth had been deserted by his family, and appeared insane. Ten Chelsea pensioners also appeared, of whom 1 was living on his grant, but could not raise sufficient to feed his family ; 2 were boarding with their friends: 1 rented a farm of 120 acres for 1/. 6«. 8d., and could sell sufficient produce to maintain his family; 2 others had purchased farms, and could live comfortably on them ; the remainder were unable to work, but received part of the produce of their farms from their children. On the whole, these Chelsea pensioners appeared in rather better circumstances than at Frampton, though, with the exception of one, who was aged 50, they were from 60 to 87 years of age, I next proceeded to Inverness, a small hamlet 15 miles to the west of loTemeu. Leeds, containing little more than a dozen houses. The road to it was almost impassable for a carriage, and I had to walk the greater part of the way. 10 commuted and 4 Chelsea pensioners appeared for inspection; the former had all received grants, but none were able to obtain from them suffi- cient to feed their families ; all were in the same miserable condition as those I have described at Frampton, deserted by their children, unable to work, and apiurently in the greatest state of destitution. Three of the Chelsea pensioners had also accepted grants, but had been unable for the last four years to obtain sufficient to support their families from them ; one had given up his grant, and imrchascd 100 acres of better land for 251. and from the produce coiud fiuppott lis family ; the fourth had taken no grant, but hod piuchased land, aai could also support his family thereon. With two exceptions, all the commuted men are about 70, and the Chelsea ones from 70 to 75 years of age. At St. Giles' there are 4 pensioners, but not having time to proceed St. Giles, there, I had them inspected in the usual way by questions, and from their answers, there is no encouragement for others to go there. At Three Rivers, on the left bank of the St. Lawrence, 90 miles east from Montreal, 3 men appeared before me belonging to this district : one was a gardener, who could only earn 3s. Cyd, a-week ; another a tailor, who complained that he could get no employ- ment ; and the third was a labourer, who made the same statement. Before putting upon record the assertions of the pensioners at Frampton, Leeds, and Inverness, relotive to the difficulties they had to contend with in respect of soil and climate, I at considerable inconvenience visited two of their farms. On the first, some trouble had obviously been taken, in planting Indian corn, potatoes, and buck-wheat ; the first was already destroyed by frost, and a large patch of the potatoes was blackened apparently from the same cause. This was no later than the 8th of September. On expressing my surprise at his suffering so early in the year from frost, he remarked that he had lost his crop from the same cause upon one occasion in August. The other man whom I visited had not, even in that severe climate, either a stove or bedding in his house, nor, with the exception of about a dozen square yards, had any attempt been made to raise produce on his ground that year ; all that had been done was the work of some charitable friends ; hs was unable even to cut firewood for himself. He informed me that when he had strength to work, he lost his crops so often that he considered it useless to cultivate hia ground any longer. E 2 28 :i Irn Narrative of Com- miuariat Ofle«r on condition of pen- lionen at out-iu- tiontofthiidistriet. So wretched did some of the men »t these oot-ttatioiu appear, and m antit to encounter the severity of a OanacUan winter, that I was apprehenaire of some attempt to deceive me, and mentioned mj suspicions on that head to the Commifisarj-Oeneral at Montreal, who, in corroboration of their statement, ftimished me with the following extracts from a report made to him by the Senior Commissariat Officer at Quebec about two years ago, when sent to inquire into the condition of these men, in consequence of their having petitioned the Oovemment for assi.stance : "The petitioner, Michael Ferrall, is an exceedingly infirm old man and quite idiotic ; he resides upon some land which was granted to him by the Government, of which there may be about four acres cleared, but this clearance, with the exception of a quarter of an acre, is entirely overrun with weeds ; his wife, who is also decrepit and old, had formerly a son who cultivated the hind and enabled them to live, but he has now left them, and it is hard to describe the state of destitution in which I found them : the house had no roof, was totally destitute of bed or bedding, and their food consisted of a few potatoes in a decaying state ; the entire establishment presents such a miser- able aspect, that I should have conceived it was an attempt to deceive me had it not been that there is a small garden in the rear of the building whioh they have endeavoured to cultivate, '^le Uuid is of a fhir quality." "The petitioner, Robert Boyle, resides on the same land which be received from Oovemment ; there may lie about 1 1 acres cleared, but it is so exceed- ingly rocky as to be quite unfit for cultivation. He and his wife, however, have been able to make a scanty living until within the two last years, since which th^ y have been almost wholly dependent upon their neighbours for food. Even this resource last spring failed them when his wife ran away, leaving two childreu, 9 and 12 years old. Boyle himself is 66 years old, and at the time I visited their dwelling they had been three days without food ; from debilitv and SMe he is Quite unable to labour, whilst the squalid appearance of the children who are all but destitute of clothing, affords sufficient proof that their state of destitution baa for some time been extreme." "The petitioner, Henry Hamberton, is a veir decrep'i old man, 70 years of age, he resides on the farm granted him by Government, which is nothing better than a rock, — ^w;th the assistance of his children, however, they manage to cultivate a few patches of potatoes, and keep one or two cows, but the failure of the crops (potatoes) for the last two years, compelled his children to go into the States, as uic land no longer afforded them any subsistence ; his wife is also a very old woman, and evidently labouring under great difficulty from want and hardship. Hamberton himself is nearly blind, which, with his other infirmities, renders him quite unable to labour." " The petitioner, Joseph Mathews, resides on the Government grant in the township of Cranboume ; his farm is situate 5 miles off the main road, and be has cleared about seven acres. The entire grant and a great deal more in the neighbourhood is one continued swamp, so much so that he has no nearer neigh- bour than the preceding petitioner, Hamburton, who resides 5 miles from him. With the assistance of his wife, until the last two years, they managed to obtain a living from the farm, but her death, which took place last January, has reduced him to the greatest state of destitution. He is a feeble old man, and moreover burdened with a son who is deaf and dumb. In common with the whole district, he has suffered severely from the failure of the potato crop, upon which he mainly depended for food. A neighbouring fanner, Mr. Courtnay (7 miles oS), supplied him gratuitously with seed for the present season ; but uiuess he is able to employ some labour in addition to his own, this act of charity will avail him but little, as he is totally unable to cultivate the ground ; his son is only 9 years old.'' "The netitioner, John McNeale, has never received his grant of public land, but has earned his livelihood by the trade of shoemaking ; his present residence was formerly a cow-shed belonging to a farmer by the name of Wilson, who allows hioi to reside in it gratuitously. Neirher he nor his wife appear y^ • u • M infirm from age m from want and hardship; their plM» ' muat neeeaaarilj afford them hut a miserable proteetion againM He serwitj of the winter, whilst McNoal's night is growing too wealc to be abi> continuo his trade. Mr. Wilson assured me that during the whole of but wmtcr th«j^ were dependent upon him for food, as both the pensioner and wife were unable to procure employment at his trade or anj other kind of work,— -their destitution at present is very great, and must necessarily increase as Mc. Neal's blindness becomes worse." " The ipetitioncr, Edward Breman, states that he did not apply for the com- muted pension until the present time, because he was in fair circumstances, and was able to earn his living bv labour. He is still an able-bodied man, but is unfortunately so afflicted with a frightful cancer in the lower lip, that he is unable to stoop from pain ; but in addition to this, I was informed in the neigh-. bottrhood,that ne is, tmrough this misfortune, unable to obtain any kind of employ- ment. What little property he had has been sold from time to time to purchase food for the support ra his wife and five younir children, but that being all gone, he is now dependent upon bis father-in-law for subsistence. He is certainly a most deplorable-looking object, and I can roadilv imagine would find much diffi- culty in obtaining employment, even if he could work, but this, there is every reason to believe ne is unable to do, from the fact of his having ho long abstained from applying for the commuted penHion, and which he would not now apply for if he could work for himself, or make a livelihood in any manner whatever." "The petitioner, John Dunlevy, resides upon the Government grant, — it is situate about 7 miles ofi* the main road in the township of Cranboume ; since the time of his location he has cleared about Id acres, but the entire lot is such a swamp that it is all but impossible to cultivate it. Of the 15 acres cleared 12 yield nothing but rushes, and have long since been uncultivated ; the remain- ing three hare been planted with potatoes ; but all his children having now left him, from the want of subsistence, his wife and himself are reduced to the greatest state of destitution. " The failure of the potato crop throughout the entire district, among a class of people who have no means of cultivating any description of grain, has been a source of severe sufiieriitg, and no one appears to have undergone greater privations than the present petitioner. His wife and himself arc totally unable to labour, from debility brought on by want." t "The petitioner, Cornelius McAuliffe, resides on his Government grant, which is a mere swamp, 3 miles from John Dunlevv's ; both himself and wife are more than 65 years of age, and exceedingly infirm. They have hitherto obtained subsistence fi-om the farm, with the aid of their son's labour ; but he has now left them for the United States, as he was reduced like themselves, during the last winter, nearly to a state of starvation. The farm is now totally uncultivated, except a snuul patch of potatoes, as they have no seed, and are totally unable to labour ; their destitution is extreme. " The petitioner, John Haskett, resides on his Government grant, situate About 3 miles ofi" the Gosford road, in the township of Inverness. It is a remarkable fact, that the road leading to this man's farm, about 3 miles in length, is a very good one, and all the land in the neighbourhood is thickly settled, but the only bad spot in the vicinity seems to have been selected for this poor man ; his farm is literally nothing but a series of rock and swamp alternately ; on first settling, he cleared 20 acres, but it has never since been cultivated, as he and his son earned their livelihood by lumbering. Unfortu- nately, in April last, his son, by an over-exertion in raisiuff a log, suddenly dropped down dead. The petitioner himself is, from age and infirmity, totally unable to contmue the business, and is now reduced to the greatest poverty. His dwelling I found destitute of bedding, as he has parted with it, from time to time, during the summer, to buy provisions for himself, wife, and three young children, who are all but in a state of nudity, whilst the old man is sorely afflicted with an ulcer in the back." " The petitioner, WiUiam Garvin, resides on his Government grant, in the Evidence of Mayor of Invernei* to name effect. 30 townnhip of Oranbonrno. The fitrm is exceedingly rocky, but he continaed until the laHt yuar to make a living, with the amiiitanrr of hia two sonit ; both have, however, now left him for the United State oh the failure of the potato crop, their only food, had reduced the whole family to the greateai want. William Oanrtn himself had contributed to the Hubsifitence of the familr by tailoring, but that source, from blindnefw, has now failed him, and his wife is also very inflrm. He is now in the greatest destitution, and from hia blindness and infirm state, will never be able to make a livelihood by cultivating the farm. " As a general remark, which is applicable to the whole of the fore- S>ing cases, I would beg to observe, as the result of my inquiry, that e land granted to these pensioners by the Colonial Oovernment is of the very worst description, and such as it was found could not be sold to settlers for money. The fact is too general to have been the effect of accident, and so far it cannot but be admitted that the* terms upon which they commuted their Sensions have not, by anv means, been satisfactorily carried out, as it was oubtless the intention uf the Home €k>vernment that they should receive at least 100 acres of land that could be cultivated, and not the refuse of the most distant townships. To this circumstance may be wholly attributed the total state of destitution in which these people find themselves ; for in many cases, when they had foresight to abandon their Government grant, and purchase other lands of a good quality, they arc comparatively well provided for, and make as good farmers as other settlers. Tlio people located in Cranboume have been in ' this respect singukrly unfortunate ; for, in addition to the worthlessness of the soil, many of them are now, even after sixteen years' residence, more than 20 mile* from any road over which a wheeled vehicle can travel with a load ; it is not, therefore, at all surprising that they should be in a state of destitution closely bordering upon starvation.' " As an instance of the cruel and heartless manner in* which the interests of these old soldiers were sacrificed to consideration connected with local politics, it may perhaps not be amiss to advert to the following information in a letter to mc from the Mayor of the Municipality of Inverness : " I came to this country during tne^aaministration of the Earl of Dalhousie, and obtained a grant of 1200 acres of wild land in the county of Megantic. I was shortly after appointed Location Agent, with power to locate in free grant all persons applying for actual settlement and with sufficient means to make improvements thereon. This continued until the year 1820, the best land being always taken first. This system was changed when Mr. was appointed Crown Land Agent, and Mr. Emigrant Agent for Quebec. About this time the Duke of Hamilton obtained a large grant for a great number of hi8 tenantry, who came out and selected all the lands that were of any value. The Legislature then passed a law for taking the census of the province in order to increase the number of representatives, and Mr. feehng desirous of being in Parliament, but uncertain whether Megantic was sufficiently popu- lous to return a member, recommended the pensioners, who were then coming out in great numbers, to take their commutation lands in that county, although all the vacant lands were very unfit for cultivation. They were thus sent into the back-woods and swampy bad lands, where the most experienced and indus- trious farmers with moderate means could not have obtained an existence ; the consequence was that many perished from starvation, several lost themselves in the woods, some left their locations to beg in the cities, and the few remaining have ever since suffered the extreme of misery." The worthless character of the soil generally in this part of the country, and the utter hopelessness of any military settlement ever succeeding on it is sufficiently established by the simple fact recorded in the Megantic Registrar's Report, that plenty of land can be had merely on the condition of paymg one- tenth of its value to the Seigneur on each sale. The unfavourable character of the climate of this and other parts of Lower Canada is sufficiently evident from the fact, that the statistica] returns of the Erovincc show a vast falling off" in the cultivation of grain of late years. It will e nolonger a matter of surprise, therefore, that military pensioners should not have succeeded in settlements under such adverse circumstances ; the wonder is that fi c a h b ai it of h( A th sh as fiU sai as g» na ci( in( ap th on 81 . • thcT bare not long ago fallen rictima to tho hardship'i they haTO had to straggle with, and thia must certainly have been the c^ise but for the charitable aMiatance rendered to them by peraona in better ciicumatancea who are reaident in the vicinity. So far aH rrp^arda efficiency for local aervicc, nothing of course can be expected from nwh men, for of id belonging to thcac out-atations, only were lit to aerve tm enrolled pensioners. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. Though the progress of the pensioners in Lower Canada, as shown by these results, has proved far from encouraging, it would be very erroneous to conclude tlut, as a class, they are unfit for colonization. Tlie cauaes I have enumerated appear quite sufficient tf obtaining manure, I would in Canada/ "*" propose to give each pensioner an allotment of 3 acres, provided the soil be good ; where it is mdifferent, the quantity to be increased to 3 or 4, but never to exceed the lattor extent in these suburban allotments. Corporals to have one and segeants two acres additional. The men to be selected from pensioners in this country, of g-ood character, accustomed to agricultural pursnite, not exceeding 45 years of bge, and with a pension of not less than lOd. a day, who shall receive a free passage to Upper Canada for themselves and their families, on condition of serving in a local company to be formed in these towns. To these might with advantage be added a few of the youngest pensioners, who cannot find employment in the Lower Province, as also any good men about to be discharged to pension from regiments in Canada, who have acquired a sufficient knowledge of that country to be useful in assisting the others. The reserves both at Toronto and Kingston are sufficiently large to admit of one good company being thus located at each, to which if those now resident and employed in these towns be added, 2 companies would be completed at Elingston, and 3 at Toronto. At London, the reserve would only admit of the location of a small number not exceeding 25, but plenty of land could be had within a few miles of that town, at a moiderate rate, for the remainder of a company ; and some of the other reserves which are most remote, and least likely to be required either for the settlement of pensioners or any military purpose, might be sold or given in , exchange for the price. TUs company, with the numbers already available at London, would form Strength of local 3 companies, making in all a battalion of 8 companies between Kingston, ^""Ynlsed' Toronto, and London, at each of which places I would propose to appoint one **'^"°" staff officer of pensioners ; and that as regards payment of pension the whole of the Upper Province from Kingston should be divided between them into districts, so as to relieve the Commissariat of that duty, the pensioners in the Lower Province, where circumstances are not so favourable for a military organisation, remaining as at present, or being placed under one officer merely for superintendence and payment. To avoid embarrassment by undertaking too much at once, I would propose for the first year at least, to do nothing in regard to the other reserves beyond locating therein a non-commissioned officer, and two or three privates with instructions to preserve the boundaries and warn off all trespassers, till arrangements are completed for dividing them among the proposed force. To enable pensioners located on reserves f build houses for themselves I would propose that the staff-officer be authorized to advance each man one year's pension, to be repaid by instalments in four years. The houses will be good security for repayment, and the officer can be instructed to see that the money is laid out in no other way. There can be no difficulty in making such repayments when the men have in addition to their pension and the produce of their land, a free house sufficiently near a town to admit of obtaining occasional employment for themselves and families, and all the necessaries of life at half the usual cost in this kingdom. In consideration of their receiving free grants of land, I would propose to Provision in caae of give the pensioners no annual enrolment money, so that every allotment of ^eeea»e of pen- this reserve would save Government the II. per annum usually granted to each •"*°*'"- enrolled pensioner. I*^ would remain a matter for future adjustment whether in the event of death the laud and cottage should devolve oi the pensioner's family, or should be given up to the successor in the locial company on his paying to the heirs of the deceased one year's pension, to be stopped from him by instalments extending over four years in the same way as the original advance. If the settlements of the pensioners at these three towns proved successful, one officer might be sent in the following year to Amherstburg, another to Niagara, and a third to Bytown, all on second-cla.ss allowances, to occupy the reserves at and in the vicinity of these places, taking with them at least one comimny eacb, of well-selected pensioners, to whom additional numbers might be F 2 II ! *■'■«! I' 36 added in subaequent yeu^ in the SAme way till a battalion of 6 companies was completed in m Average Fever. Caieaof Fever per cent. of strength. Deaths from Invalided from effevttof Admiisiona from all other Deatha from all other Year. 1 oi %c ji Remarks. strength. 1^1 1(2 1 Fever. Fever. Diseases. Diseases. fa « 1843-S 342 5 a 8 3-3 1» 117 8 • Admitted for aguo, but died of 1843-4 369 2 ■• a 0-7 103 4 dgUriunt trenuiu. 1844-6 271 26 7 33 121 05 6 A laige proportion of the casea of In- 1845-6 267 11 8 14 5*3 118 3 termittent Fever were not indigenous ; •.«.themenhadhad 1846-7 272 9 11 20 7-3 207 7 the disease before in 1847-8 159 10 7 17 10-6 168 6 the West ladies, or in other parts of the 1848-9 115 7 7 6-0 1 109 1 provmce. The Cottlmiud Ftttr* were mostly Average. 243 10 4-4 14-4 6-9 0-14 0-14 131 5 the effects of drunk- enness. (Signed) P. MACLAGAN, M.D. 40 ■V 6 f •ttmom iBjimiai •IWIAV sr ' 3 ■ N •4 •40 irt •4P e 14 ^5? ? f !P ? * f •« ^ r « f * 11 •Im p4 P4 «i« M M M »• *i4 - |i4 - i 1 M ai M ai CI S m - 1 ^ ai HI i P4 ai 4 4 aM ? 1 04 ^ = •I •♦ A - i - 3i i w ai m 3 P4 i ei 3 4 M i 3 *« 'I a 4 P4 1 . i ^ a t a 3 s: i " 4 ^ VM 4 ei 3 4 e p4 f4 9 P4 M M 4 - 3i 4, M ^ •M 3i 4 M i s ai A AN* M n 4 A 3 4 N 4 m 4 V4 •i " 3 . « iM M 3 - .3 s 4 ■• 4 m ^ ^ n 4 »* i 4 N i . i i - 3i i PC 3i #>4 M ^ 4 N » 3 4 N Ok 4 ^4 t a M 4 m 4 M i i r 1. ,L t X. 1 i 1 J 1 1 i •taaom <4» in -N ■4 e 04 >n n CD I't GD sP ts 5" 1-4 n sr r4 f P4 — ei 1 *n * M * ■• 3 A' 04 o S ai N •• ts 3 *-4 01 4 N ■i « •I •■< e M 3 - « •a CO •• - 4 M 4 e 3 - •• FN 3 - - O •• « 3 4 C4 T3 4 " 3 trt •<> n - 3 ^ 99 *• t-« e s M ^ •n 3 M N 3 4 OD 4 . M 4 ^ ^ 3 4 ^ 4 ■^ ;3 4 - 4 M 4 N 2 - •• * - ^ ^ *m (3 - S 4 •* 3 in 4 n 4 Ol 3 4 IS 5! 4 «o 31 4 1 1 1 ^ S I 41 I « A- 3 3 „ i 3P sP ^ S I I 1 I n •8 (9 » S so s M 3 11 Slii - 8 fa dry ■ss ® ^ 2 S '^ . o> •» M M o> ^ e> ^ W CO Ok n >o >~ r» m <0 T O O CI o o a> 00 •» 1 04 n ei c« - ^ ■ ^ ^ oS s e« M ,1. M s ^ s ^ e» — ,M « .a ^4 *M 1^ «i4 1^ i^ to > «s M ^^ ■O >0 K) 1^- • S 2 3 >-< e» IN e« OJ «;« C* M -^ 1^ S g S |3 ei « M n 11 00 cq' t« ^ i^ 9 »< CO ra P<4 pH |i4 *M s ^ s 10 t^ lO lO ei 00 r> ?« B K O h < & 1 1 J 1 i f 1 J g ^ 3 1 ^ £ a Port Cobinson Stone Bridge Chippewa London Amherstburg Penetanguisheoe 48 No. 4. Showimo the A|>riettltural Population of Upper Canada, and areraM quantity of Land broogbt under cultivation bv each for the year 1846, compared with the quantity brought under cultiTAtion by Peniionert. Diitricti. Population notreiident in towni. Headi of familiei. Acrei under cultivation. Average. Groii proportion ofdiitricti. Bathurtt Brock Colbourno Dalhouaie Eaitern Gore Homo Huron Johnitown London Midland Newcaitle Niagara Ottawa •Simcoe Talbot Victoria •Vellington Weitom •Prince Edward 99,448 29,319 19,473 19,345 37,199 53,690 83,499 90,450 39,919 41,953 36,930 41.895 36,544 10,364 93,050 19,974 20,194 36,865 97, 40 16,462 4,573 4,810 3,334 3,007 4,586 8,341 14,335 3,877 6,&13 5,753 6,360 7,396 6,149 1,580 3,905 3,312 2,495 7,919 4,318 2,458 107,067 105,389 81,360 59,639 111,669 339,966 864,814 61,894 138,948 178,569 145,35 4 903,909 169,104 96,907 75,869 93,843 89,360 131,345 83,816 104,549 93 an 94* 19* 93i 97i 95* 151 91 31 99| 26 96 161 191 98 34 181 191 43 99,448 99,919 91,379 96,590 38,653 67,671 106,995 90,450 43,466 46,547 45,999 47,433 43,095 10,364 33,050 19,974 93,i.->: 36,866 97,440 16,021 a a a a a a 9 642,329 104,340 9,546,995 944 793,992 ■t^ * -i=:.» Rural population, aa above City Incorporated towni 649,329 41,761 39,202 Actual population, total 723,292 Of the above 1 04,340, fully 20 per cent, are nirchanio and others non-produccn of grain, which will make the average about 30|^ acrei. N.R. In the diitrict marked (a), whoie towns are included, the average is imall. (Signed) W. C. CROFTON. Quantity of Land brought under cultivation by Pensioners in Upper Canada, to be compared with the above. Nnmber ol pensioners inspected. Of whom there are iiviiig in the towns and ■nbnrbs. Remainder resident in the country, and mostly employed in agricultural pursuits. Nnmber of acres in possession of country Pansioners. Number of acres under cultivation. Average number of acres in possession. Average number of acrea cleared. Toronto 481 212 269 15,624J 5,415 6Wl 2(W» Penetanguishcne 91 7 84 7,206i 1.288i 85{^ 15K London 264 127 137 9,018 2,634 65AV IStVt Amherstburg . . 59 26 33 1,627 401 49H 12Vt Niagara 89 39 50 1,510 778 30IS 15|* Kingston 193 99 O-l 2,473i 819} 26H m Bytown 205 48 157 17,431} 5,916} iiom 37in Total 1,.382 558 824 54,891 17,252} 66m 20H1 43 No. 5. PaifdoiiiBt in Canada holding the appointment of MagiitratMi or Cemmiiiioni in the Militia Force. Regiment Rate. Name. Rank. District in which raaident. 19th Veteran f. d. 6 John Langworth Magistrate, also colonel of militia (see below) London 7th Foot . . 5 William Brook Magistrate, alto major of militia (see below) Bytown «7th Foot . . 6 Peter Maher.. Magistrate . . Montreal Driven 6 Henry Airth . . Magistrate and captain of militia Ditto Bytown Ath Batt. Artillerr S Duncan McKeniie . . London 7th Batt. Artillery 1 10 Henry Hanoa Ditto Bytown 19th Veteran 6 John Lan^orth Colonel of militia London 69th Foot . . 9 Oi John Arthun. . Major of militia London Glennry Fenoiblet. . 7th Foot .. 1 6 Alexander Matheton.. Ditto Bytown S William Brook Ditto London Sappen . . 1 WiUiam Mandell Ditto Kingston 19th Di .,^n* 6 Ephraim Harper Captain of militia .. Bytown 11th Foot .. 9 JohnMcCall.. Ditto Toronto lit Foot 6 David Thompson Ditto Niagara 8th Foot . . 1 10 John Donahoe Ditto Bytown 98th Foot . . 9 Richard Irwin Ditto London 91itFoot .. 9 3 David McPherson . . Ditto London 99th Foot . . 0- S Garrett FiUgcrald .. Ditto Bytown lit Batt. Artillery. . 1 4 Donald Mcintosh . . Ditto Bytown 8th Batt. Artillery. . 5 Duncan McKeniie . . Ditto London 7th Batt. Artillery. . 1 10 Henry Hanna . . Ditto Bytown Driven 5 William Moore Ditto Bytown Happen 1 9 Joseph Coombs Ditto Bytown 7th Veteran Batt. . . 6 Anthony Wiseman . . Ditto Bytown Fenciblet 9 William Matheson . . Ditto Perth Driven 5 Henry Airth . . Ditto Bytown S8th Foot . . 3 George Ross . . Ditto Toronto 15th Foot . . 9 9 Daniel Callighan Lieutenant & Adjutant Kingston aSndFoot .. 1 8 Thomas Reeks Ditto London 38th Foot . . 9 William Kiernan Ditto Bytown S4thFoot .. 1 10| Thomas Stubbing Ditto London 66th Foot . . 2 Oi Thomas Brownley . . Ditto Kingston 76th Foot . . 1 8 Richard Hescott Ditto Niagara 9 1 St Foot .. 9 3 .John Walker.. Ditto London aSrd Foot . . 2 04 James Lince . . Ditto Toronto 11th Foot .. 9 William McCoUoagh.. Ditto Toronto 93rd Foot . . 1 George Ross . . Taeutenant . . Bytowu 99th Foot . . 6 Andrew Spearman . . William Vaughan . . Ditto Bytown 99th Foot . . 1 Lieut.&Quarter-master Bytown 103rd Foot.. 9 William Watson Ditto Bytown Sappen and Minen. . 1 10^ John Johnstone Ditto Bytown 13th Foot .. •■ Joseph Cormack Ditto Niagara G2 I I! No. 6. Showimo the Military RMtrvM in Cuuda W«rt, with the Estrat of M«b, u ht in tlM tbtmce of Mtual Surrty. u «•■ b« UMHtintd Situation. Extant • Remarks. Ansa 1 pwda polaa. SlI a 0* Boil Biaae bUnd 919 Chatliam U 3 8 Windwr 4 Point Edward Sarmia. . Ml Rond Ban . 300 • CliarlottTillo (T«riM7 Ptdnt) . . Not knowa. London 73 3 IS Toronto . . . • 344 3 39 PonetanguiihuM WI84 1 3 Hamilton 178 Niagara 479 Qoeenitown . . 176 CItippewa .. 19 Q Lyons Creoli 3 Fort Erie .. 1.900 Kingston .. •84 > Cedar Island 93 3 94 139 90-99 Snal(e Island I 9 16 Kiugston MilJ« leo Grant's Islasi 1 Prewott 75 Bytown 65 Nottawaiaga «6 *!♦ P < («N»w*) J'. BLLierr, o. s. 4ft No. 7. Smowiro Um Chaltu ■nd Comnutcd PMuionert tbimt firora the Inipeetioni in Cuud* In 1849, •nd who hart not applied for Paniion to thii data. ad *"■• Chatiaa Penaionera. Commuted IVnsionera. RagimeAt. Rata. Nam*. Regiment. Name. «. d. MonlrttU. Montr*al, Rfontrtaf, 9nd DracpoM OiMla 6 William Winter C9thFoot.. William Allen 8rd 7 Thoraaa Kiffeid lath Dragoons Patrick llruen 7th 6 Michael Dun 30th Foot. . Peter Coa 11th Faot.. 6 Martin Foy 9th Dragoons John Fitspatrirk ISth „ .. 6 Martin Donohoa 7th Dragoon Guards Ut Veterans John Grey Thomas Harrington IMi 1 George MoLemon a4th 10 John Monaghan 16th Oragoona Francis Kearney 9Sth 1 WiUiamWaak 481k Foot ArtlMsr KiaaaM 40th 1 H John McDonald 68th Jamea Kilday 41it I 11 John Dell S8tb Phtrick LIneahan 43rd 1 a Thomas Pottit a«tii Timothy McCua John IVfcGarry AUt 6 John Havertj 89th „ .. 61it „ .. 1 John Honn Patrick Ryan 46th „ .. Owen Murray 67th 1 6 8Srd Morto Morianty 70th 10 Bernard Linnis Rifle Brigade Edward Shields 76th 10 James Keeley 43rd Foot Michael Tiemey 61tl .... 1 Jamea Boyd Michael Hanley «7th 1 a 9uId II • • s WiUia* Knight 9Ut „ .. 1 10) Archibald iiia«!«right 9ndGarriaonBatt.. 9 Arthur Wooda 4th Batk ArtOIary. . 10 John Kallam . 7th „ „ 9 John Morris Toronto. Toronto. 39nd Foot . . 1 Bernard Murray 9th Dragoona John Dunn 43rd 6 Samuel McLean and Veterans John Grindle Slat ., .. 6 Thomas Irwin 44th Foot. . Steven Hogjy 84th 1 1* Thomas Ruddy 49th „ .. Patrick Hartigan «6th 1 3 George Reynold* 100th William Lang »8th 1 James Young asrd Henry Mooney 89th „ .. 1 David Sealer 68th „ .. Michael McCuo 95th 1 James Rvan Edward Moran 77th John Merry Thomas O'Neal 99th 6 Sth Dragoon Guards Rifle Brigade 9 John Stevenson 88th Foot. . Patrick Phelan lat Foreign Veteran. 6 Gilles Schaw 81st James Range South Mayo Militia 10 Thomas Weldon alit „ .. Samuel Smythe Drivera 6 Edward Bracken 52nd „ .. James Smith German Legion 1 Charles Hartye 68th , Michael Shea ' Quebec. Qvebtt. 94th Foot .. I Keron Honon 1st Foot .. David Connell 5th Batt. Artillery.. 1 3 Robert Whally King! ton. 61st „ .. 8th Dragoons 84th Foot. . 79th Patrick Girvan Morgan Nowlan James Oddy Alexander Sutherland Kingston. 28rdFoot .. 1 Lawrence Scanlon 46th Foot.. John Jackson 37th 1 2 Michael Sweeney Bt/loum. 99th „ .. Sappers and Miners C6th Foot. . John Murphy, 2nd Daniel Norton Richard White Sylown. 99th Foot . . 3 John Falike 1st Foot . . George Hosey 1 II I i 46 No. 7. — {Continued.) Chelsea Pensioners. Commuted Pensioners. Regimrat. Rate. Name. Regiment. Name. «. d. Si. John'*. St. John'i. Inralid Batt. Artillerf 1 6 Moses Yamold London. 20th Foot. 27th 12th, or Veterans . 84th Foot.. 88th 7«th John Bouldon Isaac Cook Hugh Clarey John Dyai James Goff Robert JohnstoB London, 1st East Kent Militia Jessie Kenward Amherithurg. 4th Veterans Thomas Smith Amherttburf. 61st Foot . . Canadian Rifles King'sGennan Legion 1 8 6 DaTid Rnssell Thomas Powell George Steingraundt 44th Foot.. 64th Foot.. 22nd „ .. Michael Lynch. Niagara. Patrick Rogers William Saunders .A 47 NEW BRUNSWICK. W THE comparatiTely small number of pensioners in New Brunswick, and the vast extent of country over whicn they are scattered, as well as the difficulty of communication, renders it impossible, under exist- ing arrangements, to subdivide them either for payment or inspection into districts and out-stations as in Canada. In illustration of this it may be stated that, of 122 Chelsea pensioners paid in the province, T6 reside Limited number of in the principal towns or within five miles of them; the remainder, ^vlnce'compared amounting only to 46, are scattered over a country nearly equal to with'its eitent. Ireland in extent, and intersected in every direction by numerous streams and rivers, extensive lakes, morasses and woods, which in summer cannot be traversed even on foot, without considerable difficulty, and in winter not without danger. The *'imbering trade, which at one time afforded great facilities for employmtint in this province, led many of the pensioners to a consider* able distance from the towns, and when that failed, and they had to betake themselves to agriculture, they generally did so in the remote parts with which they had become acquamtcd, where land could be pro cured with facility at a comparatively trifling cost. Their dispersion in this way throughout the province, has necessarily given rise to certain peculiarities in the mode of payment which it is necessary to notice before entering on the usual details. The principal pay stations are Fredericton the capital, and St. Joim's, at each of which there is a Commissariat officer, who pays in sterling money all the pensioners that appear before him. At St. Andrew's, where Pay-stations and there is no Commissariat officer, a serjeant is employed for the purpose, mode* of payment. who receives the necessary funds from the Deputy Treasurer of the province, and forwards to him the declarations and receipts of the pen* sioners ; but as the issue is generally made to this serjeant in a mixed currency of provincial notes and French coins, a loss of nearly 5 per cent, is sustained by them when paid in that medium. Barrack-Serjeant John Coylc, from 21st Foot, informed me, as an instance, that his quarter's pension of 9/. Os. 2d., if drawn by him at St. John's in sterling money, was equivalent to 11/. Us. 2^d. currency at St. Andrew's ; whereas if paid at the latter town, where he resided, in the mixed currency usually issued to the pensioners, he would receive only 10/. 16s. 2d. The difTerence of 9s. on one payment is a sufficient inducement to many who have no employment, to come to Fredericton and St. John's for the purpose of drawing their pensions, though residing much nearer St. Andrew's ; and being thus sometimes paid at one station, sometimes at another, according as they have leisure or inclination to travel such a distance, it is difficult to decide to which of the places they may be con- sidered as really belonging, or to arrange the particulars respecting their ^r' i ! Mode of negotia- tiDfir penaion-billg. Details of inspec- tion. 48 efficiency, ieihpldyinent, earnings, &c., with the same minuteness as in the ' Canada report. The distance at which many of the pensioners reside from the pay- stations has led also to another system of pajrment in this province similar to what at one time existed in Ireland. The men sell their pension-receipts, accompanied by declarations, to the nearest country storekeeper, who uses them as a mode of remittance to their agents in St. John's or Fredericton, where they arc paid by the Commissariat officers on being presented. This, though convenient, as saving some men the trouble of coming from a distance, leaves them very much at the mercy of the storekeeper, who allows them to anticipate their pensions by getting into debt, with the view of obtaining these receipts on his own terms. The more prudent pensioners, who have ready money to maintain themselves till they get a fair price for tiiese remittances, assured me that they thus receive nearly 25 per cent, more for their pensions than the improvident. Nor was it the storekeepers only who took advantage of tee pen- sioners, for even the local magistrates by whom their pension-pn^ jrs had to be attested, not unfrequently charged 10 or 15 per cent for getting them cashed. I found that some of the pensioners also made most improvident bargains, by which their pensions were virtually conveyed away for a con> siderable part of their lives. One named Mc Gregor, who had purchased some land, gave pension-receipts in advance for the price, extending over several years, which were forwarded for payment,along with the magistrate's signature to his declaration as they became due. Other instances, equally irregular, might be adduced if necessary ; and I have no doubt that the ■mall advance made towards independence by most of these pensioners, is in some measure owing to the facility which this system of payment Las afforded for anticipating the pension long before it became due. I commenced my duties in this province on the 25th September, and within a week or two personally inspected all the pensioners usually paid at St. John's, St. Andrew- 's, and Fredericton ; but as, owing to the irregu- larity in the mode of f>ayment before described, it was uncertain to which station some of the pensioners belonged, I found it necessary to include all the results regarding them under one head. This, however, appears of less importance, as there was little difference, so far as I could observe, in their condition and prospects at any of these stations. only The following summary relates to those in agricultural employment 2 can feed their families from produce of their land, and sell from 5/. to 10/. a-year. 4 can feed families and keep a cow, but sell nothing. 8 can only support their families on produce for six months a-year. 3 „ „ for four months a-year. 5 cannot state, having lost their potatoeiL> by rot, and their grain by blight for several — years past. 22 This does not afford much encouragement for agricultural settlers in the province. Those who accepted grants have been particularly unsuc- cessuil : Some, having arrived late in the season, made tneir selection when the ground was covered with snow, and on its clearing away in the summer, found their grant to consist of little else than a mass of " rock ; in other cases the grants being fifteen miles from any neighbour, and twelve miles from any ruad, tlieir children, when grown up, would not remain with them, but went to seek employment in the United States. This led to the grants being abandoned, and is one reason why the pro- portion of pensioners in agricultural employment is so small in this pro- vince. In several instances, after selling their grants, they rented small allotments near some of the towns, on which, with the assistance of their children, they managed to keep a cow and a few sheep, and to raise at much |>ro(luce as supported their families; but none of them are making any progress towards independence. 49 The folioiviDg is a statement of the occupation and earnings or those who do not follow agricultural pursuits ; they appear not to have been much more prosperous than the others : — 9 an in OoTemment employ, at from 1«. to 2«. 6d. »-day. 1 in a ship's steward, at 22/. a-jear and diet. 1 a store clerk, at 15«. a-week. 1 a derk of court, at 701. a>year. 1 a cook, at 24/. »-year. 1 a musician, earning 20/. a-year. 1 a tailor, earning 20/. a-year. 1 a carpenter, earning 20/. a-year. 1 a schoolmaster, earning 14/. a-year. 5 grocers, earning 5/. to 20/. a-year each. 1 weaver, earning 5/. a-year. 1 harness-maker, earning 15/. a-year. ' \ 3 hawkers, eanihg 5/. a-year each. 1 servant, at 1!2«. Byear. 6 hbourars, at 20J. a-year. 5 „ at 10/, to 15/. a-year. S „ at 6/. a-year. 4 employed oniy three months a-year at fW>m 2«. to S«. a-day. 2 give labour for board. 23 cannot find re^nilar employment. 10 unable to wor'i, 80 total. It will be observed that in some cases the wages above stated are, during a part of the year, from 2«. to Ss. sterling a-day. which appears r\ 'e than in Canada., These rates, however, are not paid in money, but Ip. " <^ ;oods, charged considerably above the market price, so that a d- diution mqst be made on that account in any comparison with the rates Oi n agtsB where no such system prevails. Th& above summary is sufficient to show that for those who have no other resource but day-labour, the prospects are very unpromising indeed, as of 43 able to work only 11 earn above 10/. a-year, 9 earn considerably under that rate, and 23 can find no employment whatever. Indeed, this Want of employ- class of pensioners have difficulties equally great to contend with in meat, obtaining employment as at home, especitulv as they are not well adapted for tne heavy work most in demand at St. John's and St. Andrew's, such as loading and unloading vessels, which requires a younger and more active class. At Fredericton there is very little for clay-labourers to do, except during seed-time and harvest. There are two out-stations, Woodstock and Grandfalls, situated on Woodstock and the St. John's, the former 70 and the latter nearly 140 miles above Grandfalli. Fredericton. Though the access is easy by water, I found that time would not admit of my visiting them, and completing my other duties, before the season for travelling was over. I was therefore under the necessity of devolving the inspection on Captain Hayne, late of the Royal Staff CJorps, who visited each of the stations, and identified the men by the information with which I furnished him, and, from his report, I learn that he found them generally in a more prosperous condition than those I had inspected in other parts of the province, as will be seen from the following summary : — . . 1 a miller, earned 4s, a-day. 3 labourers, earned S». to 12«. a-week. I carpenter, earned 9*. a-week. 1 shoemaker, earned 9g. a-week. 8 farmed erants from Government of 100 acres each. .1 had sold their grants and rented land. a no information received. 20 H f { • ■i • I.- i 1 i I T t Oifieultiet settlen have to contend with. Agcfl. i ! (ImuU. of inspec- tion. '• The Mrniogs' of those emfdoyed in i^iriculfeure were not given by himj hut ne sleted gfi«mdiy that: iliiiqr< were iiioiag: wall >ii.4hat two of them were officerB of militia; — that 'iheiianbsflDfitworor three atfaeca were in very good order, and that th^y wen^ m.^ch Jeep^tfd in the country. I understand that the soil at thea^ stations. i» good, and that the proximity of the river afibrds considerable facilities for disposing of produce, which has no dorbt materially oooSributed to the success of the Eensioners settled there. The timber in that vioinll^ is also said to ave been valuable, and a source bf Gomid,erable profit to those who cleared it. ' With the exception of those two out*stations, my information as to which was nut founded on personal observivtion, there is nothing that I have seen fn tliis province which would induce me to suppose it a favour- able place for the settlement of old soldiers^. Th^ all complain of the seventy of the clir.;ate, of the long winter vi^tich interferes with their obtaining regular employment, ' and of 'the tibissjtndes in the crops, which, p.irticularly of late years, has prevented their reckoning with any degT'fj .t certainty on a proper return for their labour and expenditure. Therj appears no object to be gained by exposing them to these difficalties, when other localities can be' found equally well adapted for their settlement, and where they will have no sueh obstacles to encounter in earning a livelihood. Even the priceof provisions in the province holds out no iniucement to settle there; for, when I left New Brunswick, the cont'/tict price of meat averaged from 2^. to 2^. per pound, and of brcdd, i'rom l^^d. to \\4., being', in the aggregate, higher than at some of ^b0 stitions in Ireland at tiie ti'joe of my return to this country. . it would appear almost impossible, too, owing to the distance at whic^ yhe . pensioners reside from each other, to make them available fbr Any mtlitary organi'/ation ; and the following summary of their aglQ.j showts ths£ it.^' number fit for such a purpose, even if they could an be assembled, is very limited indeed : A|re8 not Total Under 40 40 to 45 4fi to 50 50 to 55 5S to 60 Above 60 itated Ag«i 2 24 10 8 13 62 3 122 Thus more than one-half are above 60 years of age, and the greater proportion of these are verging on 70. When allowance is made for the number unfit to bear arms Again, in consequence of wounds and infir- mities, there are fdund to be in the whole province only— 34 fit for Service in tucffl companies. 26 fit for reserve. \n6 62 are totvUy uniit. 122 , . The following abstract shows that comparatively few of the pen- sioners have been unaccounted for, notwithstanding the remoteness of the localities in wfcich they reside, and the difficulty of access to them in this province ; The total number borne on the War Office books, as in receipt of pension, was 151 Of whom there appeared for inspection - - — -122 Reported dead, or supposed dead - - - - - 9 Inspected in other districts to which they had removed • - 9 Erroneously entered in War Office list - - - - 3 Identified since completion of Report ..... 2 Unaccounted for ....... 6 — 151 Commuted pen- sionen. Of commuted pensioners, 29 appeared for inspection throughout the whole province. One of them was a cook, another a baker, each earning barely sufficient, with their pension, to provide for their sulraistcnce. One was employed in a clothing store at las. a-weck ; two made fromS^ to 10/. a-yea ' each as hawkers of goods : one was a schoolmaster, at 14/. a-year ; 51 and four were labourers in partial employment, averagin j from 1(M. to 12/. Jl-vear each ; another earned a lilce amount as a harness-mrJcer ; nearly all the rest had obtained grants of land, on which they appeamd to M doing better than those of the same class in Lower Canada, principally, I believe, because they were younger men, and more capable of exertion ; but in no case could they entirely support themselves and their families. Their ages are as follows : 46 to 60 1 50 to 66 4 56 to 60 9 AboT«60 15 ToUl 29 Of these, one only was fit for local company's service, and but nine could be reckoned on for reserve. The commuted pensioners absent from the inspection and unaccounted for cannot be stated for this province separately, because the War Office Return included together all of that class in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward's Island, as hereafter referred to. Ht i I Si NOVA SCOTIA. IN this province it has been the practice to pay personally, at Halifax, all pensioners who choose to appear before the Commissariat officer there, without reference to the distance at vhich they may bs residing from that capital. Those in remote stations, to whom this arrangement would be inconvenient, are settled with, as in New Brunswick, through the medium of the merchants or shopkeepers in their vicinity, who give cash for their Mode of payment. Sension-receipts and transmit them to Halifax, where they are paid by the ommissariat. This practice is subiect to the same disadvantages as were before adverted to in the New Brunswick Report ; but it anords a facility for assembling the men for inspection, which m the present instance proved very useful. No intimation having been sent from England o( my intended inspec- tion in this province, I lound on my arrival, that nothing had been done towards assembling the pensioners, and as many of them were residing in very remote parts, and their precise address unknown to the Commis- sariat officers, there was no likelihood of notices reaching them, if forwarded in the ordinary way. Having learnt, however, that most of them were indebted to the shopkeepers who cashed their receipts, and that the latter looked to the next quarter's pension for repayment, I caused notice to be given, that unless the pensioners appeared at certain places where I would attend for tlic purpose of inspecting them,^ their pensions would be with- held. The shopkeepers, for their own interest, used every exertion to bring up at the proper time the pensioners, in whose appearance they were thus interested; and a greater degree of regularity was observed in their attendance on this occasion, than had ever before been attained when assembled by notices in the ordinary way. Leaving the pensioners in the town of Halifax and its vicinity to be Out-Matiom. identified after my return, I proceeded, in the first instance, by a good road to Chester, about forty-five miles west of Halifax. At that town, Chester, and on the way to it, I inspected 37 pensioners, most of whom had settled, about thirty years ago, in the adjacent townships of Dalhousie Ualhouiie, and and Sherbrooke. At the time when these were formed it was the .sberbrooU. intention of Government to make a main road from Halifax to Anna- polis, through Chester, and a considerable number of old soldiers, dis- charged in the colony, were accordingly settled on both sides of the proposed line, which at the time was considered a promising locality, but the opening of the road being ultimately abaiidoned, they were left in the midst of a wilderness without the means of communication, which alone could render their grants of any value. The soil in some cases was admitted to be good, but the majority complained that the ground was too rocky to be of any use; ond that, owing to the want of proper roads, even when they did succeed in raisting grain, it scarcely paid the expense of conveyance to market. Tliey, however, had managed to obtain sulfi. cient for the subsistence of themselven and their families, till of lute years when the wheat suffered so much from blight, early frost and insects, and the potatoes from the rot, that most of them gave up all attempts to M Difleulljr of keep- ing itock in winter. ! ? I Wiiidtor. Jforton. raiae ffrain, and supported themselves by keeping a cow and a few sheep ; even this resource failed them in the summer previous to my inspection, as hay became so scarce that their cattle riiid sheep could not oe sup- ported, except at an enormous expense; and '\n some cases which came under my own observation, half of the stock had been given as a recom- pense for supporting the other half throughout the winter. Such a succession of adverse circumstances of course materially affected the condition of all classes, but particularly of those old soldiers who had little capital to carry them through a period of distress; and it must therefore be borne in mind, that the occasion on which I made my inspection was a very unfavourable one for obtaining any evidence of their success. The following is a summary of the condition of those whom I inspected at Chester, belonging to that station, Dalhousie and Sherbrooke: 1 makes about 15/. a-year by farming. • >» » 101. „ „ * >» » '•• » » 4 can support their family but make nothing in addition. 6 cannot get from their ground as much as will completely support their funiliea. 1 gets as much as will support his family for nine months in each year. 6 as much as will support them for six months. 4 as much as will support them for three months. 2 give pension for board. 4 are squatting on land, and can hnd .o employment- 4 are unable to work. 1 ia a schoolmaster 20/. a-year. 9 are making shingles and labouring, and earn from lOl. to 15/. a-year. Most of these men assured me that till the misfortunes before alluded to, they had been able to support their families on their grants, and to saVe a few pounds annually i but the last five or six years appear to have been particularly adverse to all farming operations in this vicinity ; and though tlie crop throughout the country at the time of my visit was likely to b6 plentiful, few oi the pensioners would profit by it, as a great part of their land was left u'.isown, in con£: I found only 3 pensioners residing there, one a Barnttik-Serjeilnt, another a groom earning 10«. a-week, a third, a labourer wh6 found emi^oy- ment during half the year at 2s. a-day. Were it considered of any aclvati- tage to settle more pensioners, there is a sinall military resetrve of twenty- eight acres near the town and at present tet for 12«. an acre, which might be available in small allotments for that purpose,* a«d owing tb the highly cultivated state of the surrounding country, these men would probably find employment during a considerable portion of the year as day-labourers. At Horton, a village twelve miles to the west of Windsor, I found 1 * . L_ only 3 penBioneni» one was •mploved aa a welUborer, another as a Ul)qiirer,an4 a tbiitl had jui^ rented lome church l&nd, but as yet could npt say hoyy l^q was likely to succeed on it. M Kentville, another village thirteen miles to the south of Hor- Kmuiiu. ton* IfS pensioners presented themselves for inspection ; 3 of them had the advantage of starting with some capital, one having paid 400/., aaother SOOf., and a thiralOO/. for his land. Id former years these men had done very well» but of late had suffered Much from the failure of their crops ; still they managed vyith the ptoduce of their lahd to feed their families, and one of them also sold from &/. to 10/. worth in the course of the year ; another rented a farm, aiul could pay his rent and support his family. One pensioner farmed on nhares with his son, and could not say how much hu realized. Another kept a tailor^s shop, and earned about 10/. a-year ; 4 were occasionally employed as day- labourers, and earned about a like amount ; ana 2 were unable to work. Along the line of road from Windsor to Horton and Kentville, land sells at such high prices as to be almost beyond the reach of pensioners, which will account lor the small number located there.. At the two villages of Lawrence Town and Bridgetown, distant Lawrence Town respectively thirty-eight and forty-five miles from the last station, 9 pen- and Bridgetown, sioners appeared before me, 3 of'^ these were engaged in farming opera- tions, and raised as much produce as supportecT their families ; 1 was a shopkeeper makjng 30/. a-year ; 3 were day-labourers, who found employ- ment for six montns in the year ; 2 were unable to work, and resided with their children. At Annapolis, about fifteen miles further, which was the next station Annapolii. I visited, the land is much of the same description as around Windsor and Horton, and being valuable, rarely passes ifito the hands of pen* sioners, except in small allotments. Here and in the adjacent village of Digby 10 pensioners reside, 3 of them had been able^ to purchase from two to five acres each, which served to feed their cows and a few pigs, besides raising a little garden-produce ; these tSf^n were doing very well, supporting their families respectably, and ha;'ing a small surplus. Another pensioner, formerly the barrack-seijeant, had expended 700/. in purchasine^ a farm of 300 acres, from which he could feed his family and realize between 50/. and 100/ a-ypar. Another D>adi> 40/. by carpentering and farming; and one had paid 60/. for land, buc as yet could not raise as much as would feed his family. One was a tailor, making about 10/. a-year ; another, a wood-dealer, by which he realized 30/. a-year ; and a third was unable to work. The barrack-master of the station was also a pensioner. Six pensioners also presented themselves from the Dalhousie station, who had omitted to come into Chester. Of those, 3 stated that with all tiieir exertions thev could only obtain as much from their grants as supported their famih'es for six months in the year, and 3 had sold their grants, being unable to make anything of them, and were looking about for work. At Annapolis there is an ordnance reserve, which might be made Ordmnce rnerve. available for the settlement of a few pensioners. It is let at present at 15«. an acre,, and appears very good land. There is also a small reserve at Digby. Judging from the condition of those who had purchased allotments, there is little doubt of pensioners doing well if they could be located here with two or three acres to each. Considering the advanced ages of the men at the several out-stations recently described, and their distance from each other, I see no likelihood of their ever being available for any purpose of military organization. The whole number at the different out-stations, includmg Truro and Pictou hereafter referred to, did not exceed 99, of whom the ages were respectively as follows : — 45 to SO 1 60 to 55 1 56 to 60 7 60 to 65 32 65 to 70 28 70 to 80 24 above 80 6 Agef. Thus it appears that of the whole, no more than two are under 66 Halifkt. m fifty-five, being the maxiinam age for enrolment in local companiei ; and aa comparatively few young pensioners now settle at these out-stations, and those who have done so would gladly remove on the first opportunity, their numbers will in all probability rapidly decrease. The only super- intendence that appears to be ".anted in regard to them is, that the^* should be visited occasionally by an officer, in order to establish their identity, and to prevent any abuses from becoming prevalent in the mode of payment. It would also be expedient, for the convenience of the men, to increase the pay-stations so as to prevent their having to travel such distances. On my return from Annapolis, 1 inspected the pensioners in Halifax and its immediate vicinity, of whom I found several in very comfortable circumstances, but they were principally men who had been a long time in the country, and were fortunate in obtaining appointments on first settling there, when they were procured with greater facility than at present. Those who arrived within the last few years experience much difficulty in finding employment, and are discontented with their pros- pects ; these too are generally the youngest and most efficient class. Wages are rather higher than in Canada, as will be seen by the following summary of the earnings of those who came before me : — 26 were employed in Public Department! at from 2«. to 4«. 6d. sterling a-day. 14 as servants from 21. to 3/. a-month and board. 4 shoemakers from 4». to 14«. a-week. 2 tailors, one at 25/., another 45/. a-year. 2 tavern-keepers, one at 35/. a-year, the other uncertain. I carpenter employed seven months in the year at St. 6d, a-day. 1 mason six months a-year at 4«. a-day. 1 blacksmith 40/. a-year. 1 tinsmith 55/. a-ycar. 2 storekeepers, one 150/., the other 200/. a-year. I watchmaker 200/. a-year. I gunmaki r 200/. a-year. 1 nsh-curer KK)/. a-year. 1 fisherman 18/. a-year. 2 schoolmasters, one at 40/., another 30/. a-year. 4 labourers employed at from 1«. 6d. to 2«. a-day, from three to five months a-year. 9 n n ^^ I'- ^<^- to ^'- ^<^- a-day, from sis to seven months a-year. 2 „ „ all the year at 2«. Gd. a-day. 20 anxious for employment and cannot find it, 15 unable to work. 110 Cokt of provisions. The price of provisions at Halifax is very nearly the same as in this country. The contract rate for meat when I arrived was 2-32d. |>er lb., and bread \-b\d. per lb., and of course all imported articles of manufacture and clothing were expensive ; house-rent and fuel too were higher than in England ; so that even with a slight increase ii. wages, it is doubtful whether any pensioner emigrating there would materially improve his condition, unless he could secure permanent employment, which is difficult, particularly during the winter months. Of pensioners following agricultural pursuits, there ore very few in the vicinity of Halifax ; the land available for that purpose is limited in extent, and can only be obtained at a very high price, the surface is also in most places so rocky, that it would be of little or no use even if obtained as a free grunt. Pensioners accustomed to earn their liveli- ' hood by field-labour are not likely, therefore, to find much encourage- ment in such a place ; those who appeared before me, made the i'ullowing statements on that head : — 1 by farming and cattle can sell 100/. a-year and feed his familyc. 1 „ „ 501. „ „ * » _ » //• » » 11 raise sufticient to feed family from four to six months a-year. 4 cannot state. 3 are labourers, two made last year about 12/. each, the third only 3/, 4 cannot find employment. 9i «y The afftt o( the peniionert whola I inspected in and aronfid Halifax, are shown in the following Rummary : — «»to4A MioSO 17 MtoM 9 14 Abort 60. 60 Tresented themselves for inspection, all advanced in years, and quite unfit or any military purpose. Om was above seventy, totally unable to work, and with ho other means of support but his pension; 2 nearly as ohl were incapable of any hard labour, but managed with difficulty to keep a cow and raise sufficient potatoes and vegetables for their own use ; a fourth had paid 215/. for h farm, on vhich he supported his family, and sold about M/. a-^'ear from the produce ; and the nfth had purchased a bouse and one acre of land for 12/., on which lie raised sufficient vege- tables and potatoes for himself und wife. FrMB Truro to Pictou the country appears better fitted for agricul- Pictou. ture, the soil is generally good, and free from surface-stone; but all the settlers along the line of road carry on their agricultural operations in a very rough manner. At Pictou, and on the way between it and Truro, I inspected 14 pensioners, the majority from seventy to ninety years of age. Four of them were unable to work, and lived solely on their pensions ; 1 merely received his food in return for his labour; 6 of the others were able to raise sufficient from their land to feed their families, and in two instances to realize from 5/. to 10/. a-year in addition ; one man could not do more than this though he bad paid 100/. for his land. The only person who appeared to have done well was one who rented twenty acres of good land, from which he realized about SO/, a-year, affording- another instance of the advantage of pensioners having moderate>sized farms, even though they pay rent for them, in preference to extensive grants, for which they have neither labour nor capital. Along this line of road the pensioners have been very seldom visited or inspected; some of them stated that they had not seen a Commissariat officer for eight years. Abuses had in consequence arisen in the mode of payment ; for instance, I found that the shopkeepers were in the habit of charging them It. 6d. for filling up their pension-papers, and a like amount for cashing their receipts, and this even on a commuted pension of 4\d. per day, biing almost one penny on every shilling received by them. The only man along this part of the route who came recently from England, hod formerly been a gamekeeper, and now raises vege- tables for the market at Pictou, on an acre of land rented by him, and from which he clears about 5/. a-year; this, with a like amount from the sale of game, is the utmost he has ever been able to realize since his I S8 Cummulril |i«n- •ioni*rughout the it relates to arN, and, as and about ror«houBe that the ide warmth they have n very little ■uch labour oard, but it Scotia, and bllowing is 281 934 47 been thus 18 2 38 5 47 otia, New ler in the ) tnade up vinces. PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND. Aiuiipm a»> ' AFTER completing my inspections in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia I proceeded to Prmce E>d ward's Island by way of Pictou, from which there is a conveyance by steam twice a>week tu Charlotte Tov ii, the capital, dis- tant about Hixty miles. Though the island is or considerable extent, * eing upwards of 125 miles in lenfrtn and Trom ten to twenty-Gve in breadth, it iH so intersected by the sea m every direction that no part ib mor > than eight or nine miles from water^conveyance; cunscquenti, the peroioners, even in the remotest settlements, have no great ditnculty m assemuling at Charlotte Town, where they are paid in British currency by the CommiH- sariat officer. I^and can be acquired on very mo:)ji>.)dance, so that inde- pendently of labour, no one, even on the lowest ku i>f pension, need have any difficulty in sup|)orting himself. At the time of my visit the contract price of meat was only l-nr<^- P^i* pound; and Gsh were so plentiful all along the coast, that tne labour of one man a^'astomed to fishing would, in a few hours, provide sufficient for a dozen faniilies, while lobsters and shell- fish were in such quantities as to be scarcely of any value. Sugar can also, at a certain period of the year, be readily obtained from the maple tree ; and, owing to the facility of water-communication, tea, coffee, and all imported articles are at a comparatively low price. Bread cost \}d. per pound, while in the adjacent provinces it was selling at l^d., but it is nut much used by the pensioners ; they, as well as all the lalnniring classes, live chiefly on oats and potatoes, which are usually of a very superior quality in this island. Fuel, so essential a requisite throughout North America, is also very cheap. Wood was, at the time of my visit, selling at 6s. id. per cord, being little more than one-third of the price at Halifax, and cuni could be had at a very low rate from the adjacent mines of Cape Breton. ling. Clieupiu'S!> visian!<. f pro- \ i I n ■ 't Moderate terms i'or land. Ordiiiincf rfsi-rvc. Soil. $ I State mem of ('m|i1oy- 60 Pensioners conceive that they have also another advantage by the English shilling, in which they are paid, passing for Is. 6d. currency, instead of 1«. Zd. as at Halifax ; but as prices are regulated accordingly, the advantage is more nominal than real, though I found it had operated as an inducement in many instances to bring pensioners to the island from the adjacent province. The total numl)er of pensioners resident in the island, according to the War Offic Return, was 67, including the commuted {wnsioners. Of these, 61 appeared before me for examination ; I found one-half of them employed in agriculture, and 5 or 6 had small farms of their own not exceeding fifty acres, of which twenty or thirty were cleared and cultivated ; the rest rented land of about an equal extent. The following is a summary of the earnings of this class : — 3 can feed their families and sell from 15/, to 30/. a year. I ditto, and sell about 10/. a-year. 1 can feed his own and son's family. 1.5 can feed their fumilies and pay their rent. 8 can pay rent and feed their families for sis or nine months a-year. 2 have just commenced farming. a cannot state their earnings. A much larger proportion of the pensioners rent land in this island than in other part of British America, because it can be had on easy terms, and in lots sufficiently small for their limited capital. As an instance, 1 was oifered by one of the most extensive proprietors in the island, any quantity for them on perpetual lease, without rent for the first five years, and thereafter subject only to Is. per acre annually, with liberty to the tenant to purchase at any time on payment of 1/. per acre. This land was good, and only about sixteen miles from Charlotte Town, with ready means of communication, either by land or water; the quantity to each family was not to exceed fifty acres. There is an Ordnance reserve, called the Warren Farm, of about 500 acres, adjacent to Fort Amherst, which commands the entrance to the iiarbour Being within four miles of Charlotte Town, by water, it might easily be made available for the settlement of pensioners. It is nearly clear of timber, is under cultivation, and let on lease to a tenant, who pays only ]«. per acre annually, with liberty to hold it at that rent till wanted for (Jovernnient purposes. As he has been in occupation now for u great number of yc&>^> unless the right of the Ordnance to resume it he asserted speedily, it will probably pass away from the Crown. There are also about 6000 acres of other land belonging to the Crown in the island, one^lialf of which is said to be good, and available for settlers. The pensioners, with one exception, stated the soil to be tolerablv productive, and that it had none of that rocky character which created such obstacles to cultivation in the adjacent provinces. Considering its advan- tages in this respect, and the facility of transit, it may be matter of surprise that tlioy liad not made greater advances in prosperity ; but the loss of their potato crop for the last two years reduced their means considerably ; and, as little wheat is grown in the island, and oats will scarcely pay the expense of freight, the export trade by which money can be accumulated is very trifling ; none, however, appeared to suffer from the privations whicli attended the more unfortunate of the pensioners in Lower Canada ; all |M)ssessc(l in abundance the common necess^es of life, and they did not seem disposed to seek for more. So far as i could learn, there is little inducement for mechanics to settle in the island ; money is so scarce that the inhabitants cajinot afford to pay high wages, and as the number of each trade in the towns is scarcely sufficient to insure competition, exorbitant charges arc frequently made which induces most of the inhabitants to obtani their su|)plie8 of manufactured articles from the United States. Dtay-labourers appear to be better pai^^iflMmmtMta0a;$0^ by the urrency, rdingly. >perated island d'mg to istoners. ■half of m Gonsiderftble influx of labourers to lake place, tlie market would goon l)e overstocked. Small allotments would therefore be necessary in case of any extensive immigration, so as to furnish occupation at all seasons. The following is a summary of the earnings and wages of the |)ensioners who are not emplpyed in agriculture : 1 blacksmith earaa about 50/. a-year. 1 carpenter 25/. a-year. ^._ 1 ihoemaker and tavern-keeper, 86/. -• tP*^*rf jailor, 20/. 1 lunatic aaylum keeper, 40/. 5 labourers, \8L a-year each. 1 ditto about three months, at 2$. a-day. 1 commissariat issuer at 1«. a-day. 2 servants get diet for labour. 4 work on their parents' farms, remuneration uncertain. 4 unable to work, one of them insane. .1 cf.nnot get work. I does not wish for work, lives on pension. 1 lives on interest of his money, about 20/. a-yeiv. Of the 61 pensioners in the island I found 26 Bt for local company duty, and the greater proportion of these could be assembled at a very short notice ; their ages are as follows: — Under 40 5 40 to 4d 12 45 to 50 5 50 to 55 8 65 to 60 8 Above 60 23 Among the men above sixty are 6 commuted pensioners, being the only men of that class in the island. Of these — 3 rent farms and raise sufficient to feed their families ; their pension pays the rent. 2 are jobbing as shoemakers and carpenters, and make 20/. a-year, 1 owns a ftmn, and can feed his family with the produce. 1 is unable to work, and is boarded for his pension. So that this class appears to have been much more fortunate than in Canada, owing, no doubt, to the low price of dll the necessaries of life, which makes even their small pensions nearly adequate for their support. There is no place in British America that I have visited where a local force of pensioners could he settled with greater facility or with more Advantage of this certain prospect of advantage to themselves and the public than in this island for military island ; indeed, its proximity tu Great Britain, by which the long and ^^'*'<^<''- dangerous navigation of the St. Lawrence is avoided, the low price of f)rovisions and fuel, the abundance of fish, the facility of obtaining good and at a moderate rent, and the ready conveyance to every part, all combine to show that there can be no risk whatever in making such an experiment even with men on low rates of pension. Those from the agricultural districts of Ireland and Scotland in particular would find their condition much improved by the change, and they would have very few of the difficulties to contend with which settlers in a new country usually encounter. \fany of the younger class of pensioners, too, in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick would gladly leave these provinces, where they have a (iifiicultv at present in supporting themselves, for the purpose of settling in Prince fcdward's Island, if they had a free conveyance, and any encourage- ment in the shape of a small allotment of land ; but, even if that were not available, there would be no difficulty in obtaining land for them on very fusy terms from the adjacent proprietors. Prince Kdward's Island is a station which, of all others, requires a force Necessity for a of this kind, |)articularly if arrangements could be made for keeping some pensioner force in of the pensioners on permanent pay to perform the few duties at present *''* '*'""*'■ required of regular troops, as, owing to the facilities for, and temptations to, desertion, one-third of the company of the Line at Charlotte Town has .jometinjes been lost to the service in the course of a year. Since 1843 the desertions have averaged one-fifth of the whole force annually, and 1 believe the Governor has recently intimated, that should this crime 68 Propoied mode of railing thii force. i: I 'f ■; III m ml Projioseil arrange- ments Bg to siiper- intendenre. not be speedily checked, he will be obliged to discontinue having regular troops in the island. This station would also ' 3 particularly well adapted for the settle- ment of old soldiers of the Newfoundland Veteran Battalion, when near the period at which they are likely to be discharged. Though I did not visit that colony, owing to its remoteness, and the advanced period of the year, which called for my speedy return to England, I had complete returns forwarded to me of the occupation and employment of every peo'iioner there, and from which I learnt that the climate of >''>M<9)ondland IS 'io unfavourable for agricultural pursuits, and the work connected with the Gsheries so unsuitable for old soldiers, that instead of ultimately settling there, most of them come home when p<;nsioned. As an illustra- tion, I may mention that of 300 men who have been discharged from the Newfoundland Veteran Battalion, since its formation, only 24 have settled in that island, of whom 9 are in public employ, as barrack-seiieants. policemen, and tidewaiters ; 14 are employed or seeking employment as labourers and mechanics, and but 1 follows the occupation of farming; a sufficient evidence that the colony is by no means well adapted for the settlement of old soldiers By forming a company for service in Prince Edward's Island from the men belongmg to that corps who had completed tiventy years' service and were likely to be discharged in a year or two, there would be no risk of desertion ; they would have time to become acquainted with the best means of earning a livelihood there, before they were thrown on their own resources, the expense of bringing them home would be saved, and they would have at least the advantage in such a colony of being secured against want after their discharge, which would not in many instances be the case, if pensioned on their return to this country. If a Staff Officer of Pensioners were ultimately settled in Prince Kdward's Island, to superintend these pensioners and as many more as were disposed to come from the adjacent provinces, or from this country, he would have no difficulty in inspecting also the pensioners in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, at least once every year, and he could make arrangements by means of the Commissariat officers at large stations, and nun-commissiuned oflicers at the small ones, for the men being paid with greater regularity, and mure safety against personation than under the fu'esent system. This part of liis duty would gradually become very ight, for if facilities such as are now proposed were held out to the rest of the pensioners to settle in Prince Edward's Island, none would remain in the adjacent provinces but the older class, and the ordinary course of mortality must in a few years materially reduce their numbers- Neither the circumstances nor position of the pensioners in the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick would appear to warrant any further expense being incurred on their account than this, but I feel confident that the advantage of having such a force in Prince Edward's Island, where they could be located within distances sufficient to admit of being readily assembled on any emergency, would amply repay the cost, besides con^rring an important boon on those who might be disposed to avail themselves of the pri^ lege of settling there. Of the 67 Chelsea and Commuted pensioners borne on the War Office books at the time of my leaving England — There apiKsared at inspection Reported dead Gone to England - Erroneously entered un list Identified since inspection Total as above 61 .3 1 1 1 67 1^ ^1 Cape Uriton. At Caf)e Breton there are 14 pensioners, but as the season was too fnr advanced for my proceeding there, I was obliged to leave that part of my duty unperformed. About one-half of these men have been discharged within the last few years, and are understood to be employed in the coal- i 63 1 :t mines ; the others were disbanded shortly after the war, and must now be beyond the age when they are likely to be of any use in a military capacity. The total number of Commuted pensioners' borne on the War Office Return as resident in this island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, was 77, of whom 51 appeared for inspection, 22 had died or been transferred to other districts, and only 4 were entirely unaccounted for. The names of these men, as well as cf the Chelsea pensioners who did not appear, are ff^^^the annexed list, to which I have added a comparative state- menVfMmBitract prices of bread and meat in North America and the United Kingouam, for the purpose of illustrating my observations on that head. (Signed) J. D. G. TULLOCH, Captain and Stqff' Officer of Pentioners. Commuted pen- iionen unse- counted for. r' 2 ■ :S I 04 List of Pensioners absent from the Inspection in Nova S Brunswick, and Prince Edward's Island, in 1819; and w applied for pension to this date. Scotia, New ho have not Regiment. 41 h Foot 66th „ 69th „ 42nd „ .i2nd ., Drivers 6th Battalion, Artillery . Newfoundland Fcncib'os Ditto Nova Seoi't FenciMes Ditto Rate, .V. d. 6 1 9 7 6 10 -. 1 5 5 5 Chelsea Pensioners. K ;mos. Michai'l Campbt'll Patrick C. MuWey Godfrey Burr Donald llogBO'k I.auchlin Ln" s Joseph Peai ,\\ John M inro . . Denis Brynii . . Thomas Ilarlev William Lorriniore .lohn llifrK'* • . ^^^"tl^ial. St. John's, New Brunswink. Fredericton, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Cominiited Pensioners. 6'2iid Foot 4} George Hull . . .. ISth „ 4i I'etrr Kane . . Nova Scotia and New Artillery 4 J John Kilpa'riek Brunswick. 1st Foot 4}' Charles Lanchrey m CoMPARATivr slatoment of the Contract Prices of Hrcad and Meat, at the iindcr-mentioncd Stations, fiuni Novenilierl. 1841), to October 31. 1850. Statio.ns. Bread per Hi. Meal per 11). Sr.Ai IONS. Breail per 11). .Meat per 11). (/. d. ,1. ,1. Iljhfax 1 51 ■J-32 Dublin 1-OG 3-75 St. Joiiu's, New Brunswick 1-5 2-_'l Cork 1-18 2-62 Fredericton 1-4- ■J27 Kdinburjjh •96 3-21 Mni.treal 1-40 'j-or) Kent •U7 3-75 (Jui'Ih'c l-i'J ;t-2i Middlesex . . .Vverajje prices in (ireatl Britain and Ireland . ' ' .•»-71 Avcra^ii" prices in America . 1-42 259 l-()3 3'4() Daily issues to a Suldier in .\nuTica. Bread 1 lb. Meat . . 1 111. Daily issues to a Scildiir In (ireal Britain andlrplanil. Brejii . . 1 lb. -Meat . . i lb. Thus the contract price nf a II). ot Bread a.id a lb. of .Meat, on the averajre of five of the laru'csl station- in Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, and New d. Brunswick, is .. .. .. 4'01 Wliile the average price at five of the eliief towns and counties in the L'nilcd Kingdom for the same period, is . . 4"4.'t lieiilg an excess of only ;'^',; of a pinny cm tbi' cost of both in tliis cminlry, where the meet is superior ill quality. It will be obsc.ved that the price of bread is greiiter by ,Y''u of a penny at these ,\merieau stations than in t*.o Uiiitud Kingdom. I -\ ^^ r'