^ ^

^^>,

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

■" Si 121
IS Lo 12.0

p 11^ i4

^ —

►

Hiotographic

Sciences

Corporatton

33 WKT MAIN STRUT

WIBSTRR.N.Y. 145S0

(7I6)«72-4S03

CIHM/ICMH
Mi(

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
mi

Canadian Instituta for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquaa

Tflchnieal and Biblioflraphie NotM/NotM tachniquM M bibliographiquas

Th« Inatltut* hM attwnptad to obtain tfM baat
original copy availabia for filming. Faaturoa of thia
copy which may bo bibliographieaHy uniqua.
wliich may altar any of ttta imagaa in tha
raproduction. or wliieh may significantly changa
tha uaiMl mattiod of filming, ara ehaekad balow.

QColourad covara/
Couvartura da eoulaur

rn Covara damagad/

Couvartura andommag^a

□ Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/
Couvartura raataur^a at/ou palNeuMa

Covar titia missing/

La titra da couvartura manqua

rn Colourad maps/

Cartaa g4ographiquaa an eoulaur

Colourad inic (i.a. othar than blua or blacic)/
Encra da eoulaur (i.a. autra qua Maua ou noira)

pn Colourad plataa and/or illu a tr a tion a /

Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa an eoulaur

Bound with othar matarial/
RalM avae d'autraa doeumants

Tight binding may eausa shadows or distortion
along intarior margin/

Laraiiura sarrte paut eauaar da i'ombra ou da la
dialovalon w long da la marga inlariaura

Blanit laavaa added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
heve been omitted from filming/
II so pout que certainea pages Manchea ajoutiaa
iota d'une reatauration apparalsssnt dana la taxte,
mala, iorsque cMb itait poMiMe, eaa pagaa n'ont
paa *t« film4es.

Addltionel comments:/
Commentairea suppl4mentaires:

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio eheeiced below/

L'Inatltut a microfilm* le meilleur Momplaira
quK lui a At* possible do so procurer. Les dAtails
da cat aKomplaira qui sent peut-Atre uniques du
point do vue bibiiogrephique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la mithode normaia da fiimaga
sont indiquis cl-dessous.

Colourad pagaa/
Pagaa da eoulaur

□ Pagaa damaged/
Pagee andommag^aa

□ Pagaa reetored and/or laminated/
Pagee reetaurAas at/ou pailiculAea

Q Pagee discoloured, stained or foxed/
Pagaa dAcoiorAea, tachetAes ou piquAes

□ Pagee detached/
Pagaa dAtachAes

Th<
to

of
filn

Ori

b«<
thi
slo
oth
fin
slo
or

r^ Showthrough/

Tranaparance

Quality of prin

QuaiitA inAgale do I'impreasion

Includae supplementary matarii
Comprand du matAriel supplAmentaire

Only edition available/
Seuie Adition dlsponible

Th<
shi
Tin

rn Quellty of print variea/

rn Includae supplementary materiel/

rn Only edition available/

Ma
difl
end

bOfl

rig!
req

Pagee wholly or partially obscured by arrets
slips, tissues, etc.. have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible Imsge/
Les pegee totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un fauillet d'errata. una pelure.
etc.. ont AtA filmAes A nouveau da fa^on A
obtanir la meiileure imege possible.

10X

rwtiin

*••* w

Vft •••

tnm m

14X

H tan

I«WH

itx

in«H«

4HW V

i-wvs

•wua

22X

2SX

aox

12X

IfX

20X

a4x

2U(

32X

TlMcopy
totiM

Imm hat baan raproduoMl thanks
of:

Library of tha Publio
Archivas of Canada

L'axamplaira fHm* fut raproduK grica A la

La bibliothAqua das Archivas
puMiquaa du Canada

Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha iMMt quality
posalbia oonaMartng tha condition and iagibility
of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha
filming contract spadf k»tlona.

Original coplaa in printad papar covars ara fllmad
baglnning with tha front oovar and anding on
tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa-
slon, or tha back cover whan approprlata. AH
othar original coplaa ara fllmad baglnning on tha
first paga with a printad or Illuatratad impraa-
slon, and anding on tha laat paga imMi a printad
or iilustratad impraaaton.

Tha last racordad f rama on aach microficha
shaN contain tha symbol — ^- Imaaning "CON-
TINUED"), or tha symbol V Imoaning "END"),
whichavar applias.

Las imagas suivantas ont 4t4 raproduhas avac hi
plus grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at
da la nattati da l'axamplaira flimA, at mi
conformity avac las conditions du contrat da
fllmaga.

Laa axamplairaa orlginaux dont la couvartura an
papiar aat Imprim4a sont filmte an commanpant
par la pramlar plat at an tarmlnant soh par la
damMra paga qui comporta una ampraima
d'Impraaslon ou d'illustration. soit par la sacond
plat, salon la caa. Tous laa autras axamplairaa
orlginaux sont fHmte an comman^am par la
pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta
d'impraaalon ou d'illustration at an tarmlnant par
la damlAra paga qui comporta una talla
amprainta.

Un daa symbdaa auhrants apparattra sur la
damMra imaga da chaqua microficha, salon is
cas: la symbola ^ signlf la "A 8UIVRE", la
aymbola ▼ signifia "FIN".

Maps, plataa, charts, ate., may ba fHmad at
diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba
antiraly included In ona axposura ara fHmad
beginning in tha uppar laft hand comar, iaft to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

Les certes, planches. taMeeux. etc.. peuvent Atre
filmto A dee taux da rMuction diff Arants.
Lorsque ie document est trop grend pour Atre
reproduit en un soul clichA, 11 est filmA A pertir
do i'angia supArieur gauche, de gauche A droKe,
et de heut en bee, en prenant la nombre
d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent Ie mAthode.

1 2 3

V... V

'.•fv "7 "T^f^Wn^v

'V.

REPORT

^s^"-

THE INSPECTION OF PENSIONERS

IN THE

NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES.

CANADA, a

CANADA ^T"'^ 1

ToNBto DUtrict .. 3

Pmtteiigntoliy IMitiici .. 8

LoadMiDiitriet '.. 10

Anhtntburg Dirtriel 11

KUgu* Dwtrict .. 14

ICiagtton Diitriet. . .. IS

BjrtowB Dittriet . . 17

PNwott Dittriet . . .. 19

Montnal Dittriet.. 90

St John's IXatriet .. .. 33

^miiui Hmtj IMitriet . . 33

QnabM DUtriet .. 34

Ganml Obttrfatkmi .. .. 31

Afpadiz .. .. 39

NEW BRUNSWICK 47

NOVA SCOTIA 33

PRINCE EDWARD«mAND 59

List of PtniioiMrt abMiit fron InipMtion . . 64
ComptntiTC Statenmt of tho Coatraet Priott of Braid and Mwt in

Antwics and in tha Unitad Kingdom . . 64

i g g w ^i i iM I | f"'t W* awwf ^, Wi ^ w j g i w ^^ •}

mmmmmm

mim-'

i?.'

(21)

rnvMiian M; lUO.

Tlfl^^r^iP? *^¥W^^T"T^*

Mr, nttwy IM. OM»«r 1/18M.

A9 dbneled bjr yuiii 1 iwirt >lw Iwnoiur t6 lataa^
vfiy Report CD 4i» Iai|Metion'of ilM PeaiiDiMn itt ^orth Axmk^

Beiidili ^ hnoilMr aiul proba^ efRdenej finr local dot/
of time BMO, i^liiicii wm om oT ttie nib ol»jeeti oTmy inqvirjr,
I haT« given a iNrieraketoh of the oonilitioii in which I foond
Umbi, aa abo of ibrir earnfoga aa^ aaapllbgriMnk at each atdtion,
in the hi^ ^^ aot^ mforau^t^

nmneioaa ^naioBera who are duDhua&y nia&iinif tiom tlii
cwanfaey. .^.^ ,^j

1 mMt lileii^ aa an apology for any delay which haa taken
plaea in vfl^tting^thia fleport, that, acooiding to the wuil
praetioe^ four quartan innat el^pae before penaiona caai be coo-
Bidered aa forMted by non^ttendance at inapecttmi ; I could not
therefore elnee the Hat of abaaotoes at an earlior period without
the rtak of error, iMre eapedally aa in the oourae of that time
■everal returned to their diatrieta, and, IwTing aatiafactni jly
aooonntad for thefar nou'attendanoe, were identified and pat ; ',y
the CoaMiaaariat offlcera.

The courae <rf examinatim adcvpted <m all tbeee ooeaaiona,
can bave no doubt that the Penaionera who fwaaented themselvea
were thane eriglBMlly benaeua the peniiOB4iak Thait woonda
in many inalaBoei iJbrded latiafoetory evidence of their identity ;
moet of them had been well known to eeoh other whUe in the
service ; the description of their pereon, taken on diacharge, waa
in general suflteientiy accurate to admit of their being recof-
nLJl by it, and all doubt waa removed by s<Hrict faiterrogatoriea
aa to the garriaona in which they served, the actiona in which
they were «(^p|fi4, and the aucoession oft^cera in tiieir corpa.

n th* Kffkt Hm.

the NpUw to which irtra milled on the ipot by raferaiM to
olBcial doooBMiitt.

Wh«« iveh IhciUtiee exirted for imuMdiato deteotipii, it wm
not UlMly that any penoMtioii would be attenptod. Men who
have thoa been drawing pentiona fraudulently, are uaually amonf
the abeenteea fna inapection of whom no latiafholory account
can be obtained. Conaidering the number of tiiia daM at aweral
of tiM atatiooa, it ia not improbable that eome (wactioe of thie
kind may have prevailed. At all events, the pnbUc haa by theae
uupectioas in Nort^ America, been relieved from the pnyaent of
112 pensiona. amounting to 19872. 7«. 8|d. per annum, in con-
■equence of no penon having come forward to daim them ; and
this in addi^ to the usual number of deaths, which have been
traced by ^ evidoice of comrades or other satiafkctmy infmv
matioii.

I beg to add that I received every assistance from the Cnn.
miasary-Oeneral and hia deputies, in the course of my inspection,
and am indebted to than for much useful information regarding
the condition of the Pensioners.

I have, &C.
(Signed) J. D. O. TULLOCH,

.. .«♦ » '.,"1

VBtIfo«

ihd'vwy'
hl'-'mlNN

liHlinstiilj

«lih^
hoftlwu

(Uipodtitt

IntI
tiureewei
tieas had
entids«
tanttyof
mattenn
inmeelloi
wlildk aai

asBenddiv

thecMM

'"^.j

CANADA.

>-»jf*f*,"

WmwwHw <il yw

_ _ _ _ i&»ikir In ifl* ■^ •'*^-f*^

6l'-'« m)tl^ • iu'i l l i lp ii^> ■ttt'-- w w Mi » o<f 'fiMty ■■ t w r i M- ^ - BMh p i •#)!• .. , ^.,
ffi^H^ iMiitlit if iiiHiniiiHil iiMi nj- ' fawM^HtWi # " ^^^ - ji i n i wwwi^

4Mitfi#i U^tiitiM to aU Oto d?a pow«r> in wm» !>• ■ n a if i iwy ifcw
«lliBM«c|]ri«qa&W'C -''^-"' -^ -i^-^i' ■■■■'/:' Vav^'L-*^

«i«lilbi atfWMClvii IhMliilrfikMrto M^^
iMt IKM diid to liiA tiMl^w^teittf coalA Iwra^iwt <>!* <^ ^¥!f^te
«<«MtMd^iiny cltlM Mil «<^«iol«M* wliki^lMd IdM.lMk mAjhai <l«jMt
«ipoiitioii HW&M MMMW item to npnM an Mdi kwtoM yroeeadinl^ if tWr
miiBM had barai eatad fnr iriA diat view. ^, , • v _^

tiinawMlBibtmaUnMcliffMioiiaof ftuaMf Tiolaiiea had eaaaad, and inatoi^
tioM had haan tacaiiSrfroBi England wpiiding Iha mii aw m a to ha adopiad
an m$ anwigan^. My tfane^ howarar, vaa not loil^ aa it i^tt ua •» Wr-
tonitf of iMdninglhmi dMnrii^bat oOeaia of tha Goni^^ m-

mattenralMimto tha nanabnan,attd of amnflng with than mjr notkaa for
ianaettonlntheaamd diatrfot^whibH|*iw^a«t^ aaikMa oonaaqoaneM
wfeldi miAt have aiiian during a pariod of tfn^ azeit«niMit»^fiNMn ^ao^nuiy oU
aaldianh^ h^ioaght t««|athar at different iioiat8» whan tha ok^aet of toair
aawmtly ma lialiia to ha laiiaodantaod. .... _^. .1.

On the ntik May I hag^n ngr toor, c w nMenriiy aa directed* i^tha ^,.,^,_,_„^

tia^. it nay he naeeawy^to lA a^ «hia>««M

ahuM flf vensiMera, aadthe eiieanMtaa«aa nndar idiidi thqr^4^^

hi iheaa emoHSie ' ' • '•"■'* ' ' ■"* ' ' '' '•'" '■'* ''"■■ -'■'

- Di m tadnelten wWdiiook fhoa dMrtfy altar i^^^'ti^^^^^i;^ 92?u tCr:^.

«to^5rtaUngfillmon:*^a^aUaaSSt. Or#itaa^hMig»li»f** W !

IbTiraaiils aiid diariiililiia, oraa hawing eopflpef *ha njMi
of awfiee. otheia ae^hiiad tight to iende^ ■»« J«*» .•Jj <tt
M^ hy Aning ahpwt ttow nnd^^tta^^Bagidl^w^ l^K ^
me totSitaahw «r vnijK ^KoiariiiMiBMi Konneaa

wiorto tsaddld^not^^lOOOiBan^ari^iiKiha^ w4l«irOpfid|^ ^
^ In18Sttaidl8MngM«taeeaai<» tool flael to fhiin Mn^ hy the
«ni«al«f it*# »,«0B^ «»«ii*te hi# *««^^ %aani«rf

money, on the ibdatitaading tiiit H una to In an|lay«d in aattling tiwn m
toe edf(wifla.

Cwwnnlfd ftm-

men, whom f«it«Uy of tlio WMtfaiiitoTMwt ^^''MffJ^^r^ii;

of It.

I Hnr tU«» aftw wwh nflMrbco

givinff tMBpofMjr MriitMMO IB

) mra nltiiiiMMlT obtalMd • pera

pmiiioB«n» nocri in nuit,

if tlM MUM MNOM M the

•ad M ther aie vM at tbe Mnae KMioiii eno oy mw mw f«—"- — •--
XTSeT Me'tedodediB thb i«ort wito Ae title of girted ijw-

mmlMn: bat •* the time IfeeeiTed my inrtwetioM, it wm •^'Sr.Sr
SSfSi^^ of tho«j who origiwdly we«t to Korth America

•natarceeintofthisaUowmce. i^« ju-k.,-,-^ «»
Both^ Mid the preceding ehm of penrioiieiii hatinf ^^^^^
L ^lA ^Z. mma*. «iw Mt« mlHtATv onramiatiMi t bvt toe

MrtMtk*

Mwte

periods of eenriee, wfth the Tiew «■««>%» »~«»''™1:IL:S-T«^
emntivdyyoangerdaM to remain in <&nada,who n«^ «2SSfti2Z
eoMidflnUe Vody^^ of an age fit for hhoor, or for any defeniive pnrpoM

DoriJXTJittieor eix year^ too, many penrionem, P;f**"S{|Jj *S
Wteirf. Ce eiitoat.: at their own expenee, iHtK^ ttow rf^^
their fiunUies in (Suada; and abont two years ago, dwing the period flfgenerai
diatrcH from the Ihikre of. the potato crop, two targe Teewla were frjjghtej
ngnrnfy for the porpeae of ta&big,al the ?•"!« ««I«™f ' *« J'S^™
MSrienmandthe&fomi^ pa» for their ~'^°l«»,*™TWi

HmaDer partiae have aJse, as oeeamon offered by OoTomment TeMels, been leM

ont ilnce mider the Mme eonditioB. .. .. . .1. xt -# -.- j«^.*»m

Theie ehuMie, in aU, compoae a fMree wUeh, at the time of my departure

from England* waa eithnated at the following nnmbere:—

Total iMuiwMn te
be iM|iMte4.

In Upp*r mmI Lower Guwda

NoTaSeotia

New BrumwiA

Prince Edward'a kland . .

The result of my inspection of thoee in Canada has been as foUows:—

V^^yw .4 'Jim

'b4-.^-*

Baiiiltariiitp«etioa.
TniMile.

ContliUoM of iMW-
•lonrn.

TOBONTO DIBTRIOT.

The first district I inspected *•• *»««t«fToront<^ which, as regMsttj
penmoners,isoneoftfaemost important in Upper Canada, and frm its rapid
^i«aaeandloealadfaatage8»isUkelytoeonmmeso.
^5sbeingS»lStoS^

th& anpMranMwtth that wBdi they uauaUy present at a head-qnsj»er stotlen
SSe^SiSngdom, and the reilt was decidedly in f^^fJsJ^^
A naBer vronortion were in destitote cueomstanees, and »»« 2*. *"«■• J*"

wounds or ii^uriea. I^ere were a few whose appears w bore tije staa^onwriJJ
beenhept in porerty by intemperance, but the g"*'?' F?P»'¥<» ^<»S ?*7*^
iaconXiSr circSmitances They informed me that though th» dW not find
much emnloyment for themselTes, their children were eerily provided for, and
soon became a source of benefit to them, b^ readily *^e» " »W«*?S^
an eaSaS hy the trwlesmen of the town, who either proride «»» with food
4mdd^^, 6r make an allowance for their support^ which assists the house-
keei^g of the fiunfly.

Mir

tefai
d ft

iriik
«nl
■tad
mflh
■gf.

».f

tlw
apid

•nj-

tfMl

ttion

4^ "-""f

vinf
mdy
And
and
ft
food

Iht low priM ■! «ydi an tiM wmmmiim ofltfi cm to oUaiMd al M«««rpmt.
Itara^ aompwad with aqr «f tlM towna Ik tka Uallid Xli^ldou, oparalaa alia ''^
it ftvow of ptaaioMn amigiaiiaff ikan, tboagk aoi to mA aa aitaal aa
ia tha aattlaaiMita ftuthar waai At tka tiiM of my i w y cti o ii in Tomato^
tka oontraat piiea oftoMdl waa onfy U^ aad of meat lAV' !« lo., Um laltw
balBf littla mora tkaa half tba oMul nta in tUs eoontey. RoMM-nat and
fliti, thoagli daarar: wara aot m macb ia aiecM aa to emmtarbalaaca Uw
athar advaatacaa of tka ttattcp.

laadoaan wko had tananiy raiidad ia Lowar Caaada infonaad au Mwtut- of tu
that th^jr foaad thair jsireaBialaaoaa madi imfrored br a ehanga to Tor^to^ '^^* * >*"'
tha wbtar baiag lata rigurooa, aad <« aa avarage about aix waaka ihortar, ""''^
pnrriaioBa wara alao mnefa ehaapar, aad wagaa bettar. Ifaay of thcaa
^an> ia ordar to inmra eooataat amptoyBMBt. wonld f ladly ton their
attaatioa to ajKrieoHora, bat the Ugh pnea of laad in the naighbooikood
of Toronto (gaaafdUy ftom 1(M. to lol aa acre) prerante their baeomiaf
pordiaaara. Boaia of tham, howarar, who rent small nlotH of grooad
withia ft short diatftnea of the towiL vpgmt to do very well, thoag h paying
high for it, aad are generally in a batter poaition, as regards iaeooM^ than
otaera whom I Ibnad ia the hack settleaiaata on knd which they obtaiaed
aa a Dree grant.

niare are two large military reaenrea aloaa to the towa of Toroat<k oa Miiitujr fwwvf •.
whidi penaionars might be located with great advantage, and the land is ao
good taftt erea ft teiy aamll quutity would be sufRcient for their anppoct.

As ilhutratiTa of tlw conation of tiia penaionera who i^fipeued before Ewiplcy— t uA
BM at Toronto^ I aaltioia the ioDowiag abstract of their employBwnt aad
iaoam^Tia.:—

II
»«

ai
11

iia( Ami SQi. U U. »*yMr.

„ fti. 1*9*

M lOfc to la*.

»
It

I wwdan is uylaat, UL

la publie j«>trtwl*i flma <«. to

a BopMMIlMMMltS

to aoi. B-yMr.
fl Fnliw. ftoa 4fc to A». o^ay.
4 Sehooimwtan, 4(tf. lo «ML »-jMr Mdi.
I M Ma»y«ur.

1 BMdk, at a?/. lOi. ».)Mr.
1 Apotliacary.at ISOL »
1 MMidan, at SOI. m

1 Clark, m,
I Stortkaapara, tavara-kaapara, and akandlarai

ISf. to IC*. a-waak.
a Ditto ditto la. U. to ISt. a.«aak.
a Hervaata, gioa w i. aad aoadwMB, 10/. to M.

a-yaar, aad board,
a Skoamakara and tailora, 4*. to 8f. U. a-wadt.
a >i » 9«. to ia«. „

I H H ia». to so*,

a n I, aOf. to so*. „

110 Carriad fonnud.

lao BrOHht fcri
a FMIaia and waavarat Sib to Aa. a««aak.

4 n ^ to lOfc H

5 .. H lib. tola*. M
a Matara aad gbaiara, a*, to a*. »

a Caipaatan. joiaara, aad aawjrarai I*. itL to
7*. a-«aalu
Ditto diuo a*.tolO».a.«aak.
Farai aarfant* and taaaMlara, 7*. to IS*.

a>w*ak aad board.
Oard*aara, a*. aA to 10*. ••waob.
ChiiaBaj.«waap, 14*. „

Cnrriar. 48*. „

Maaoaa aad brieUayara, a*, to 19*. a-waak.
Blaakiwitha, 19*. to 9Q*.a-«aak.
Butakarii*. »

Dairy-keapar, 7*. »

Fbkamaii, 19*. m

9
4

4
1
1
9
9
1
1
1

isa

4a Laboiuora, darkt, tradaaaMB,

ontofaaoploy.
84 aaaUa to woifc.
9S Uva on paaalaa.

a aaly lamvo beard for tbair laboar.

7 oaoartaia aa to tkair aaraiag*.

990 aidaahw of aarieaUariala.

aad tarvaala

In aaoertaining the condition of the agricnltariata in thia district eon-
aiderable difficulty waa experienced, owing to an idea being preralent amMg
them, when aaaemUed at this flrat iniqpection, that the ol^ject of my inqairiea
waa to efl^ some reduction in the pmsions of those who Md by their exertimia
poaaeaaed themaelTea of sufficient property to live independent of that aid.
neviously to all my subsequent imq^ectlons, I toak care to satisfy tlie pen-
airaera that there was no siwh intention, and that the infonnatior oiySed fbr
waa prindbally with the riew of direetiiw other penaioners whokv they could
aettle in CJanada with the beat project orsnccess, but in thia inatanee I did- not
suqwet the cauae which inducea them to withhold the inlbrmation, tiB it waa too
late to remove it, and much reaerve was in consequence shown in gitring the
replies from which the following summaiy of the condition of tiiis dasa haa been
prepared:—

Ntoeuitjr for tmU>
ing oat-it«tion».

Coburg.

I^eterboroufh.

M MMni li vm ^ dfMMlMMMb MRl ateMMl lha» <k7 mM iHil Aiip 1

• i^'*-l''f 55r'"^ ^r *'''W»' "^"W* ••fliij -•■••* W^Wnlli « tijivt

•f H 10l.il> JiML

|0 mhM «oly MMit Ibair fiuiUiw M MoAMt.
■ — *' -"-t ■» wCMMtiM. IwT&w «i»ly raqntly

I Onir IbfM to diiir cMMmd. who rapportdl dMn

ftkftdMd*

I ■MMT bjr hmlmg, on «
5M; Wd Mt iB tlfa wagr.

> M tiM iatoiwt of wUek tiMy ll««d| mm M 1,0001,

maU" to work thtMNf vm.

4 ^d kt dMir fluM <■ ilwiw, baiv «nnU«* to work thtMd
1 1 ««n Bfiiv MBfMtobly m hmJI ■Uatomta of turn i to t

The ConuniaMrbt officer to whom I referred for information m to the
nte'of wage* among the' working ckneea, inflnmed me that the nroal hire of a
lahoorer was aboot 2». 6d. steriing a-day in rammer, and 3». a-day ih winter.

Though, aceivding to the rclcT^':^ ivceired firom the War Offiee, M9 Chebea
penaloners should have anpnued bdiore me, yet by the terminatioB of my
inspection nearly one-thira wei-e absent, with an equal proportion of ike Oom>
muted pension^. On iliqairy, I found that the remainder resided in remote
parts of tiie district, and were paid half-yearly by the officers of the Oommia-
sariat i^ the foUowing stations : —

DittuM in milM flrcmi Toronto.

Cobaif

AUrborough

LSndaay

Hsmilton'

Fngttt

,t ,...JOi.

lis

109

I^ in e(Nn{dianoe with my instructions, I had insisted on these men aj^iear-
ing at Toronto, I shoidd not only have put all of them to very serious inconve-
nience, but it would have been necessary, in the case of many who were with-
out meana^ to transmit a sufficient sum! to pay for their journey to and from
Torontto ; and, considering it my duty not to expose them or the public to any
such expense, I resolTod, though at much additional fatigue and inconvenienco,
to afford th«m the same fii^ties for attending my inspection that the Com-
missariat officer had hitherto done at his payments, it was fortunate that I
did so, for I ultimately found, notwithstanding all the care I had taken by going
to so many different points, uat some of the pensioners had to come a urtance
of 90 or M miles to meet me.

' This arraogonent also gave me an opportunity of observing the condition
of tile pensioners in the country, as well as in the towns, and of visiting many
of their small farms in the course of my route.

My first visit was to Coburg, a thriving town with a population of about
4,000 souls, on the banks of Lake Ontario, and to which there is easy access
both by ff ood roads and steam-boats. At this place and at Port Hope, a village
6 miles distant, I inspected 21 pensioners, nearly all engaged in agricultural
pursuits, and most of them proprietors of land purcha^d bv their own
mdustiy. Notwithstanding the expenditure of their capital in this way,
I have generalfy found these purchasers more prosperous than others who
obtained free grants, as the land allotted to pensioners is sometimes of very
indifferent quahty, and requires more outlay to improve it than would p^ for
an eligible lot of sufficient extent for their limited means of cultivation. Aone
of the pensioners were in destitute circumstances, or approaching to want ; and
as an instance of success, it may be stated tiut one of them had Utely sold bis
farm of 100 acres, partiy cleared, for 700/. ,

I next proceeded to Peterborough, 30 miles from Coburg, the last IB
01 which were almost impassable from the badness of the road. Her^ I
inspected 03 pensioners, of whom 20 were receiving the commuted allowance ;
their general appearance, particularly of the latter cla8s» was by no means so
indicative of success as at the stations previously visited ; inost of them luid
received grants of land jn the neighbounng township^ but these they stated to
be of the very worst description, and that in some cases when they tojok pos-
session they found a large portion of the ground under water, and received only
70 or 80 acres instead of 100. These statements were corroborated by persons
on the spot likely to be well acquainted with the fiacts, and who informed me

■y-irj^<taeB*r.:#

car:;-.-!

the

•y-S-.«*SCwr.f

lear-
niTe-
with.
from
ivaj
ence,
Com-
bat I
going
itance

ditioQ
many

about
iccesa
ill«g«
Itural
own
way,
i wbo
' veiy
Bvfor
None
; and
IdhiB

«t 15
er^ I
ance;
utsso
a bad
ted to
; pos-
Ipnly
Brsons
id me

LindMy.

illMi in BOM «f the «9MuU|i «h«e tkMft wm kad Ibe gnaH it
tafMriUet»«altitH^ltefr«i9dtoaiiv«hrwlH:«. ■■ .

I- .]lort«f tlMjMifeNilelttDDdetenwMre^^
•dfweed in Ufe tb udeno tbe iM^ of ekwini^irild^ knd. and bebg
Unuigen to HtM, eoatttey, tli«7 lui^ i^ ekiM»feli«i'''of tiie'1>iit tt^le S
wmdarting agrieidtnnl i^w^on^ pa^neidwix on bid Mm; wmp of the
j[oanger dimrjii peniionen .abin^di^ed tiMlf mitft«^ «id tJardilMtod'M' Mated
otiwr hud of miperior anattty, si|d tbotje v&o did id aM itoidit tike onh' jfjemm
mk» bave attained eomrort and M<l|)ei>d^<>oB. One of HMe 4(Bn Mid podnee
ftmnbiafumto the extent of UW.lim yea»; attiMlii# baa rgood fiva% and
lately pofdiaaed a mqoikI for wbjdt be paid 7W^ . > > .. . >

Notwithrtawding the diffloiuties these netaikmkiliad edgttid^te eMitend
with in reepeet of dmr gnokit, they ill, irtth the eieeatiiiA «r a Hir wlm had
eommoted* admitted to tee that UJey |«id ^^hil^r fa^hraO^mt (tttoa, that
they oenld feed^tl^ ^udliei from Hie piednc^ ot their fiurma. and seU frbm SI.
inMl. w(«th **year, whieh eertaJiAjr iMa«it:r»yMt'e¥i^eiP^'^^ prudence
aMiindustvy^nnder inch advene drenmsteneea. ' ■■■•■■■'-•'. ; ' *

^ HjT ntti i^q^edion waa at Iindaay,,i^)iMit 80 tdles 'nerih«weat ol Pet«r>
boroagh. Part of ihe roaa ia ahoat the wofM in Canada, ai mar be inferred
from tlie terma on whidi I was conTeyed, Viie. : iMl&M a^y if I agteed to

ST for i\ny accident that might happen to the waggcm, and 6 dolh£i if me
TOf undertodt the fiak himself . ' ; .

.,, At this place I int|W|eted 16 Chelsea and 26 edtamvted'pe^eiiets; tOofet of
whom appeared ie have bieen very sacceafAiL Of I9ie ftnrmer tettM came from
a distance of 80 w 40 nnlea momited on thev <Mi> hoMes, and dbtioosly
in cemfortaUe eireomstances for thdr condition in lifeu . They stat^ that their
land was sood, and that they could niise as mndi ^odilte as Hbd and dodied
their fiunuie% bat that there was l^tle use in grpidng produ^ for saleL owi^k
to the distanee from a market' and the bad state df the' toads. IRUs was
pavticolarty fdt hj commuted men who weite to6 old to woik; and had to hhre
labour, for i«hic& the produc . did not siiOdeittljr tepi^ theta; Aa oh iatatanoe
they informed me that they could only obtain on in areragi Sf^ 8(1. einren^,
or about 2a. 6d. a budiel. for wheat, ajfter conveying it to the licai^ st(n«.
Iff miles diirtant; and thai after sending bdtter and eggi the ttmeri&lance
to market, they could only obtain 4|d. euRency. or about 8|tf .'' Btitbh a pound
for the former, and 2d. a doaen foirih^Jiitt^. .

In consequence of ihe waut til a remunerative price for produce, eveif
<me employs himseff as be best can on his own land, and gets as much from
it as wul support his iamily; hut there is little demand fbr hSed labour. This^
however, occasions little inconvenience, because all the necessaries of life
are so moderate that even the lowest rate of pension witii a few weeks'
occasional kbour during seed-time and harvest will place the old^ soldier bevond
the fear of destitution. Their sons who understand the agneultiire <n the
easily get knd to fiurm en shares, by whidi arrangement the owner,
iy a stwekeeper, provides the ground, seed, and catUe, in return for
! the produce.

Land can abn be obtained on condition of paying the pnrchase-ononey in
a number of years ; to such an extent b credit given in those cases, that one of
tiie pensioners who purchased 100 acres for "J 51. was aUowed to commence his
fiurmmg operations on paying only 1/. to account, ^le anxiety, of the proprie-
tors to save themselves m>m the wild Umd-tex, frequently leads to -such
bargains.

This is almost the onlj place at which I found the commuted pensionen
comfortably situated, and it may be quoted as an instance that, old and infirm
as they are, they may at least provide for all thdr absolute wants if they only
get gm)d huid to settle on.

From this station I returned by the same route to Toronto, thus giving
to tiuch pensioners as were absent at the first inspection, an opportunity of
being seen by me on my return ; but nothing occurred by the way worthy
^ notice.

From Toronto i next proceeded in a westerly, direction to Hanulton, Hamilton
distant 40 miles, to which there is easy access dther by land or water.
The town contains about 8,000 inhabitants and is ntj^dly on the increase.
Considering this circumstance, and the adyantages it appeared to possess in

FergtM.

SnmnMrf of
eflciener.

pQtet x«Bp9e^ I inui smpriaed to find mlj 61 jmmown mU ihcm^l?
whom were receiving the coii»iittte4 nIlowMiee. The high i>nee of kuicl. wh^
nrevwited thdf irattling M ftgrieoItiiriHte. luid the irrf^d»rity of the itamni
for meohajdcel Iftbow, were «MDmed •■ the prioeipdi r^iMOna.

Borne of tiie men fumed n few acrefi new iw town at a rent <tf 10«. m
fMsre, on which they did yery wel), most of th«n heing able to feed their fiUniliee
and aell from 101. to 121. worth <n jj^roduce annoally, iwt the hiring of Umd is by
no means a £|Toarite mode of IkmuAg with tiiem.

The miy(Nrity, hmreret, came from long distances, some 80, 40, SO, uiA
one 78 miles ; most iji them were employ^m agricoltare, mid those who had
fivms on good soil stated th^ were able to grow as much as would feed their
fiunilies and briiup from 01. to 25/. a-year. Jn one or two instanees they had
sold wodace to the extent of 801. fk-vear.

In proceeding to Feigns, wMai was the next station inspected by me, I
passed tnTongh the. thriving settlements of Oalt uid Oueli^.whidi, thmigfa
connected with Hamilton by good roads, and a well<-settled country, ace not
fiiToarite places of resort for pensiimera, owing, I belioT^ principally to the high
price of land^ which brings from 21. 10«. to 81. an acre. At Fergus, the land
though good is chei^r, but the road between it and Ouelj^ distant 14 miles,;
is in some places almost impassable, whidi forms a serious dnnrback to tho
diq^osal of produce.

Only 18 pensioners appeared at Fergus, of whom 4 were reeeivitig
the commuted lulowance; they all seemed to possess a good deal of energy,
and to be succeed in their {arming operations. I was informed by one of
them that after supporting his fondly ne bad been able to sell 60/. worth of
produce in one year ; and all, excepik a few of the <dder men, raise as mu<^ ,
ffiain as will suwort their families and bring in a few pounds a-year. One
bad a fiurm worth 800/.

Aa emigration is extending very much in this direction, in eonseouence of
the richness a£ the soil along the road to Owen's Sound, the hxaa <tf tnese men
are daily becoming m<Nre valuable ; provisions of every kind are cheap, so that they
are generally in very comfortable circumstances. I saw none who could be
conndered indigent.

This comideted my inspection of the Toronto District, of which the follow-
ing is a summary so far as regards efficiency :—

St--

.''jTS^* SflpE?— "j

t=p=*

Fit for
Companiei.

Fitfbr
Retenre.

Totally
Unfit

Total
CbelMa.

Total

Tonmto:—
Cbeliea
Commuted

190
7

74
4S

866

109

Cobanr and Port Hope :—
Commuted

4
I

7
7

Peterborough t—
Chelwt
Commuted

10
i

II
23

UndMV t—
Cheltea
Commuted

9
3

7
11

• •

Bamilton : —
Cheliea
Commuted

18
11

Fergus : —
Cbeliea
Commuted

4
1

5
1

9
9

•

'{^^

Of the men fit for the local force in Toronto, 116 reside either in the town
or within three miles thereof, and could be readily available for any purpose
connected with the defence of the place ; but at the out-stations a very small

•V -",-"1:' !»».-■♦

1^.

■'■'^

^JtiieoditfaeoidaMt >e ooDfletod for «micim or aOMt mflttny pokiMM

wftliont coniidecdfalo dUilealty* ,.««.' ^ la a..:^

They aU exWW. ^ best poMiUe spirit, and wooM, I h»T« no dwH ttfli

«iit with the gwil' ikerity iwro their aerTices ever reqoiced in deEttoe «f

The^eftpebilv , of theee men to labour for their own wapgoii m^ W Agtt.
ei&niled from the Mowing nmunary of their agei:

Totoitot—
ChtltM

CMUBOtad

CMmk

UiHUr
40.

From
4010 4A.

PM*i1ierou|^(—
CbekM
Commied

UndM]r>-»
CMm

Fron
4Sto50.

Fran .
M to 55.

55
9

HMnihon*-.^
CbdMk
Conamtcd

P«r|wi»—

Ch«b«
Conmitod

4
9

19
1

WtOBk

55 to 60.

49
99

AboTC
W.

4
1

119
IS

11
It

17
11

Totd ClidM* Pen-
•iHMn4tl.
Totid OMumtwi
Ml.

< >

In all these tables the ntonber of eommvted pensionert adcb neatij to tile
iaefficiencv of tlie nuua, numy of them haTmg been totaDy udH to e«^^
lifdihodd when tent oat to (Aoada twenty years aga The dremutanee of
being in recdnt of the commuted allowanoe which is entirely a charitable girat,
iiiin^itself eriJUnce of their indigence, and ther are likely to remain in this
condition because they are past the age at which they can add to that aUowuiea
by daily labour. FovtonatdT, however, the eheifness of provisions and mel i&
this pwt of Ctoada admits or thdr pensions going fbrther in their sufjport, and
will,^is bope^ mevent than from fidling into the same state of destitution at
thoae wbom I uiul have occasion to notice in tiie Lower province.

The condition <^ the poinmiets employed in agriculture at the five out-
stations <tf the Toronto DLstrict is shown in the following summary :->

99 MB oidf ftod their ftdniliM ft«m prodttco of their tou.
19 eu fM thair fluBiliM, and nU ftwB at to 10l.inH!th a.yMr.

S ditto ditto 10/.toS0f. ditto.

7 ditto ditto 901. to sol. ditto.

1 nn fMd hii findlT, and mU 40/. wdrth a-y«ir.

1 ditto ditto 140{. ditto.

I ia worth TOM:

I gato hia fSurm to hii chUdfan.

1 not aUa to IM ftmily ftom pradnoe of ftna.

4 cannot ttata this, boiag the firtt year on their (lound.
10 have fiven M infematioa.

The number of medianics and hired labourers at these ont-stations isso
small that it appears unnecessary to reffer to them as a separate class. The
particulars regwding those at Toronto, as well as the agriculturists m that
vidnity, have already been given in page 8. .,,,««, . .

r obtained all the information usually recorded by staff-officws of wm-
sionert, regardiiw the wife and femily o:' eadb pennoner, from which I fin*
that, with m exception oi one-seventli, all are married, and that the average

CondkieB ef afri-
eahwal pemiooera
at ovt-alatieBa.

Wivea and children.

Btrrie.

I'eneUn^ithcm.

mmf, hawvrm, i«, in tliis oonntiy, no oitcrkm of |ds'4NkitflT, ttofriMlli^lM
niv«n»; thoie who li«v« the kq;^ jtenfliM am gai6ra%'iA'iiMC'eoitfMlil^
cveonMtaMeik «ad I aaluKpmr to add th«l the pettiiMMn' di84i«i'*itfiBo«t»
dcred • rwj di{pble ebM of aottlenL uid mudi eitoemed in the toknf. Ikl
EMM* inatMOei, irlwt«?«r;iiuQr Uve been tlie finlM olr the fiiiliagi of tlidr
peiento, tiie difldfcn hnve <m»wdli'

FEETJSrAKQUISHEQKB DISTRICT.

^The iieiit peniion district was Penetangniihene; hat there, at at Toronto^ I.
found it j^eoeiapry to fix upon other places of assembly, to rednoe tife'd l i iano e
which qpjimy' of the peninoners had to travel forinnjeotion, and as the Omnmia.
sariat <dSeen were in the habit of paying at Banie, on tiie wa^ to PeMtan*
goifdiene, I ieoniddered it bept to ad<i^ the same route. With this tiitr I !*•>
eeeded fron^ Toronto to Hqlhrnd-Limding, near Laike Bimeo^ by a good rMaL
along which are sereral vil^^ and excd^d fiunooa. On the way I p aasei^
t^ locations of some of the peniionera whom I had recently inspected at
Toronto^ an^ found them in a ver^ prosperoios state, Those who had Men able
to pnremtse lanid at an eai^y period, hul been jparticahurly snocessfli^ withoat
any great eiertion on their' part, the price of that w|iich was originally aeqiiired
at a few dhill^ags per acre, having in manyjdaces risen to 10/. an acre,
idbile 1h« dtinKaaTfor wood kt Toronto, and the facility for conveying it alone
tolerable roads makes the nncleared nearl^r of as much valne as tne dearea
land. AH the country along this line is being rapidly settled, and ptoffertj k
daily imnreasing in Taloe.

About three miles from Holland-Landing, I j^oceeded br steam-boat to
Barrie, the ]^ace of infection, sUoated on the western ude of Lace fiUmcoe, at the
head of Kempenfeld J^y, and containing about 600 inhabitants. Here I
inspected 39 peusioners, oi_iihim 31 were receiviiuf the commuted aUowr
imce. Tli«lr condition was fSur from enoomraginff. Itome ci the former who
h%L settled ip the, townships a4jacent, immecUatdy on their discharge.
wWkfi^T the bird hibour of a bttsh life, appeared able to obtain the Mtes*
saifea of life^ but owing to the badness of the' roads, and the'diiBeidty <lf
cosaK>^yi;t^ woduce Ho mai^t* there was Uttie indnceteent to raise anjr
f(«r> sale. The (Donunuted pensioners were t6o much advanced in life nr
the hard labour i4 <Jearing aiid cultivating their grants. Hi^ chfflhen
hadinnostiinstahee^grownTOMdtef^tliemto settle on hmd in other parti^
and they cpuldnot pay for aswstance. In addition tof tins, the sofl was by lio
meuisgood, and required great exertion to male it in any degree prodnicnm
I also was sorry to observe that, small as thei^ incomes were, Intemperanot
prevailed am<mg them to a greater extent than at any other station-^-a di^eum-
stauc^. quite sufficient to account for their want of prosperity, even if they had
no such difficulties to contend with.

Labourers, when employed, are paid at the nominal rate of 2a. sterling
a-day, but as the settlement usually takes place by an order on some store
for goods, which are charged considerably above the market price, the real
wages are not equivalent to more than 1». 6d. a-day in oush. The principal
advantage they ei\joy, is the cheapness of provisions; a labourer may be com-
fortably boarded for it, 6d. a-weex ; house-rent 4oas not exceed a dollar per
month, and firewood is very reasonable.

' SVom Barrie to Penetanguishene, where I next proceeded, is a distance of
36 miles. Except around Bune the land is little cultivated; iiidted, for nearly
(riie-third of the way, the road passes through nothine but bush.

Penetanguishene is merely a straggling village built along the shore of a
harbour ht the lower extremity of a bay of the sa^e naine,1uiddbflstt0tc6htain
abdve 200 inlttbttants. Here I inspected 0d men, of whom 38' Were' recetvfa%
the commuted allowance; the hitter were located, about sixteAnyeirf ago, wlatt
the Government went to the expiense of ereeting a'log-^hut and fenohlg
about four actea of laiid fiolr each of them, but the sm htSmff sam^ and ot very
indilfereht quality tor agricultural purpoaea, Soon became* worn oat, laaA whMi
the men iDWiId giet nothing from it> most of them deserted their huts and

f-'-si-'--*-*

Im
I

«r-
ho

lio

had

ing
ore
real
ipd
>m«
per

> of
irly

>f a
tain
*iff
liitt
^g
rery
liMl
aai

ft^ y-%

baeamc squatten in other townahiiM, wImm it waa better. In tUb waj
they no» succeed in raising sofflcient prodnoe iSor a acanty mbdfltenee, hot none
have any to send to market. There is little or no denuud for kbonr, the
inhftUtaati ^ipear efaiefllT to depend on the expenditore of a amall natal and mili>
taiy detachment conaiiwif of the offl^era^ engincem^ and crew of a iteamJ>oat
usually htid up in erdinanr, and a miUiary detachment of 87 men for whom there
iaaCmnmiaariat (•tabliiioment, barcack-maater commandant and fort a^jotant;
a naval and a miUtary soiveon are also attached to the garrison.

There in a large miutary reserve at Penetanguishene ; but judging from
the sandy character of the soil between the Tillage and the barracks., whidi was
all that I had an opportunity of seeing, it would be of little senrice for the
location of pensioners.

My next object was to inspect at the village of Sydenham situated on a gydeutuun.
small bay called Owen's Sound, about 6fi miles off, where I was iirformed that
sereral pensioners resided; I accordmgly proceeded there by steam-boat, but
only 8 presented themselres. From them I learned that uie others resided
20 or 80 miles inland, along the line of road to Fergus, the station last visited
in the Toronto district; and as it was impossible for me to remain until aotioes
reached them, without losing moro time than the object warranted, I adopted the
usual expedient in such cases, of banug them identified by written intem^atories
forwarded by poet.

The pensioners whom I saw at Owen's Sound gave me a very fiiToaralde
account of that settlement ; the soil they stated to ho good, particularly alons
the line of road to Fergus, whero numerous grants of about SO acres each had
been given out by Gmremment a few years ago on condition of the parties
residing on the spot, building a hut^ and clearing a few acres. Some of the
pensioners who had grown-up children to assist them in doing thii^ have succeeded
well. Land can be had venr cheap; 50 acres, of which 12 were cleared, together
with a loff hut, were offered for about 12/. 10«., during my visit.

With the exception of this station, where the circumstances of the pen.
sioners rested more on report than actual inspection, the result of my oraer-
vations along the whole route from the time I left the Toronto district,
was for from forourable, either as regards the capability of the soil for the
settiement of pensioners, or their success in cultivating it. Few or none coidd
sell any-produce, and had it not been for the small amount of ready money with
which their pension supplied them at stated periods, I have no hesitation in
saying that they must have experienced many privations. This is, in some
measure, attributable to their advanced age, of which the following is a
summary : —

Under

From
40 to 30.

Frou
SO to 6a

Above

•a

rChrliea p«iiti«iMn
lUrrie.-

.ComaratMl

PeneUnguUbeiM r Chelwe
and
Sydenham. LCommnted .

••

8
6
8
8

AgM of ptnsioners.

All the commuted men ore above or bordering on 60, and that class is unfortu>
nately more common in this district than in any part of Upper Canada, though
it is of all others the localiW in which they are least aided by soil and climate
in earning a subsistence. Hhe most pleasins feature in their position was, their
apparent contentment ; none of them computined, and they all seemed satisfied
with obtaining, in a rough way, the means of subsistence. It is to, be feared,
however, that much distress wiU arise amongst tiiose who are &st advancing in
years, and have no children to support them when unable to work on their
own account.

Erom the statement of their ages, it is obvious that few men throughout the ineffickney 9f pen-
whole of this district are likely to be fit for any military duly; indeed, of the «?n«>f<' '" »'"• J»-
whole, I only registered 8 for local company duty and 20 for reserve, and these ^"'^'
were residing at such distances that they never could be made available fof
military purposes.

LondM.

Earaiaga of pen-

Cheaimen of pro-
vitioiu.

LONDON DISTRICT.

The next diitriot borne on the luiti fornUhed to me from the War Oflloe*
was London (Guiadn West), but to reaA that (Jaee from Owen's Sound, H would
have been neeenarjrtotmTel upwards of 100 miles by land, over bad roadik with
wone eonT^an«e% and under a temperature of 100^. I was therefore advised
to sara expoiBe and mueh unneeessanr fiitigue bv availing mysdf of the steam-
boat from Owen's Sound to Saalt St. Marie, at the foot of Lake Superior, and
proceeding thenoe hj another steam-boat to Lake St. Cldr and CSiatiaun, from
whidi there is a good road to London of 68 miles. This route I accordingly
adopted. Mid arrived thwe in six days by a detour of between 700 and 800 miles.

On the way I passed the Cof^r Mines on the Manatoulin Island. Sofiur
as I could leani, no pensioners are employed there, but the demand for imported
sun^'** ot evenr description, in consequence of the soil being very barnm. and
the population Mi^; entirely devoted to the occupation of mining, is likely to
open a fiivourable market for the produee of the penrioners settled at S'den-
um, as already adverted to.

On my arrival in London, I found that the penmoners were chiefly distri-
bnted between that town and the out-station M Adehide, 20 miles distant.
The former is ntuated on the Biver Thames, uid communicates with Lake Erie
by Fort Stanley, to which there is an excellent road. It contains a population
of 5000, and firaon the numerous bufldinffs now erecting, appears very prosperous.

The pensioners here were decidemy a younger ana more efficient class
than I had yet met with; nearly one-ban are employed in agriculture-,
the remainder are engaged in the following occupations, and at the wages
undermentioned :

•

6 kboorrn fram 30/ to 961 a-yoar.
16 ditto f^on 10/. to 90/. a-7«ar.
10 ditto fran HL to 10. a-year.

a tehoolmaatera from Ml. to 401. a-year.

1 'ditto at eL m-jtu.

2 ihoenalton from 18/. to 20/, a.year.
4 ditto at 10/. ayrar.

1 tailor at 95/. a-jrcar.

2 ditto froiB 5/. to 13/. a>year.

a weavera from 18/L (o 371. a-year.

1 ditto at 4/. a-yrar.

4 in public employj from 1«. o 4$. a-day.

4 elerka, printora, and mniieians, from 40/. to 50/. a-ycar.

7 blackHnitha, farrien, brieklayera , earpeiiterg, joiners, and minen, from 9r. to 4t. a-day.
1 manufacturer, 90r. a-week.

9 waiter*, at 4Q». a>month, nnd board.

3 ploughmen, from SL to 90/. a-year.

i tavem-keepen, from 9». to 98*. a-week.
13 live on pensiun.

40 unfit from age, or do not with for employment.
85 labourcix, «noemaker«, ke., can find no employment.

Most of those who state that they do not get work regularly have small
sUotments of from 1 to 6 acres, on which they employ themselves when there
is no demand for their labour otherwise.

The Gln'k of the Corporation informed me that the wages usually paid at
L<mdon for a day's labour, were, from the Ist of May to the 1st of October,
99. lyi. currency, or 2«. 6d. sterling ; and for the rest of the year 2«. Qd. cur-
rency, or 2«. sterunff.

Those who couU not get regular employment admitted that they were not
very anxious to obtain it, unless -at good waees, as their pensions were, in so
chMp a country, sufficient for their support with the small quantity of produce
raised from their allotments.

The low rate of provisions here, as weO as throuchout all the extreme
west of Oanada, operates most favourably on the condition of the pensioner.
I found from the Commissariat contracts that the price of meat was only
Hd. per lb., and of firewood 8«. Id. sterling per cord, so that a pensioner could
purcmne tluee times as much meat for the same sum as in Quebec, and about
three times as much firewood for the same amountasin Montreal; a most import-
ant consideration in the housekeeping of a family in Canada. In the mice of
bread the difference was not great, but it rarely exceeded Id. per lb. Though

t «l

Od
ith
led

nd
vm

&r
bed
md
to
Bn-

fcri.
int.
Erie
ion

>1I8.

Inas

TO;

gea

\»j.

mall
here

id at
>ber,
cur-

I not
in SO
duce

reme
oner,
only
:ould
ibout
port-
ce of
ough

^ -"fi 23:^^ A

tlie contact price of good meat is IK per lb., uoet of the penaioiMn' &n^
sabnst npon pwk, wueh tliejr obtain modi dwaper. They informed me that
after catting off and sdUiim^ihe fiU to a handle:, the lean whidi th^ kept for
their ovn use did not ooet more than one haMpenny per lb.

Upwards of 100 of the men were employed in agrienltaNv and they appeared CtindiilM of ifri.
by Ikr the most comfortaUe in their circamstances» puticolarly those who had «>HHral puiknm.
three or four acres under eoHivition, either in the Ticmity of London or of sonm
of the adjacent viUages. These small allotments are more common in this jbivrt'
of Ciuiau than any otiier, they extend to the distance of ilre or ten miles iro.n
London, and are extremely well adapted for the peraionens as ther do not
inrdre any considerable outlay of cental, and reouire labour snffldent to
provide regular employment. They can geneiaDy be ourehased at firom 12
to 24 doUars an acre ; the soil is good, and I found mo operations of bus-
buidiy carried on by some of tiie pensioners in a manner r&tj soperitNr to
what I had obserred at other stations. BcTeral had obtmned the first premiums
for farm-stock at the District Agricultnral Show ; and I was assured by Mr.
John Langworth, Superintendent of the Canada Company's wmks at Qoderich,
that some of ^e best fiumers in this part were to be found amonff the dd
soldiers, nnd that in his own township a pensioner named Patton, who had 100
acres of land, brought more produce into market than any other person in the
neighbonriiood. Manv of the pensioners^ howerer, having but recently settled
in the district, there has not yet been time for them to make the same pro-
gress as in older settlements. The general results, so fiir as regards the whole
of Ike agriculturists, are as follows : —

3 MDDot feed tbeit faniUee ftttn the produce.
25 do not tlat*, hnviog lately purehued ; but thU } Mr tbey espeet to feed tbeir

fiuaiUet and have tome produee for tale.
29 eaa rapport their faiBillea A«m their fimns.
9 nippQit thdr IhaiiUea. and sell fkom 61. to MM. a<)rear.
1 sella to the eitent ot 350/. a-jrear.
93 Uve comfortably on small allotments of from ^ to 5 acres.
13 unoertwn what they make by their fkrms.
«

This shows that only in three cases are the pensioners employed in a^-
culture unable to support their fitmilies on the produce of thdr farau^ the pensions
of the rest remain avaiUUe for other expenditure, — a matter of no small
importance in a country where ready money goes so far ; and which, with the
most ordinary prudence on their part, must in a few years raise them to com-
parative independence. There is a small reserve of about 70 acres at London
which would be wdl adapted for the settlement of a few pensioners, and more
land could be had on reasonable terms if wanted.

Most of the pensioners at London are c<miparatively young men ; of 260
who aj^peared berore me, 161 were fit for local companpr duty; and thejr are
so concentrated, that upwards of 100 are either resident m the town or within
three miles of it; — a most important circumstance as regards the fiftcility of
organizing them for military purposes.

As time did not admit of my going to Adelaide, the pensionera were Adelaide,
directed to come in for the purpose of inspection, and are included with those
of London. They are 22 in number, employed chiefly in agriculture, but are a
considerably older class than at head-quarters.

AMHEBSTBUBG DISTRICT.

Araherstburg was the next district I had to visit ; and as the town of Chatham.
Chatham, before referred to, is one of its out-statioos, I inspected 6 pensioners^
who resided there on my wav to head-quarters; they were all employed in
agriculture, and stated that labour was in demand, and that a much greater
number might find employment with advantage ; that plenty of good land could
be had within four miles, at 4 doQars an acre, and could be deared for 10
or 12 dollius. Provisions were so cheap, that even on the smallest rate of
pension a man might subsist, almost independent of Ubour; beef was selling
at 12<. 6d. a cwt., and good mUk-cows at 21. 10«. each. During nearly threes
fourths of the year, while the ground is clear of snow, cattle support thep-
» selves iu the woods free of cost ; so that everyjpensioner is able to have one

Miliurjr retervM at
Amherttburg;.

A«hmtboiv> or motf, and hia tu^^emm dairy prodaee m grMii alnuidaiMse. TiMre k
» militarjr rcsorre of abottt 81 •am $A ChathMD, Mt it is moitlv ooT«nd with
ttquattcn, wko dispute tlie riglit of oeeopstion.

From Chatham I proeeeded h J iteam-boat, a diitaoce of between 40 and 60
loileiy to Amhentborg, the moit Mathern of the Britiih poMeauoni in North
Amenoa. Here I found 67 pen8ioaer% aboat one-hdf of whom were fit for lodU
company duty ; only aboat 18, howerer, redde in Aiaheretburg or within three
ndles of it; thereat came ttom cfmaiderabledistanoeaintiietownBhiMof Moore
and Samia on the Birer Bt. Chur,and are all engaced in agricultunu Dorsuits.

^le pensioners reaident in md aboat Amheratoorg do not giro tnemaelTes
much trooble in looking for work ; moat of them have gardena, in which they raiae '
TeffetaUea; and they engage in fiahingoccaaionallr. Some grow a little tooacco,
and otbera maan&cture ragar from the maple. Owing to the diTeraity of tikeir
occupational it would be mfficult to give an abstract of their earnings, as at
other atationa.

Judgiiup from their appearance and statements, they have few wants, for
this placei ule London and Chatham, is so cheap, Uiat moat of them can live
on tneir pensions without labour : bread costa only 34. the four-pound loaf, and
meat is aa cheap as in London (Canada Weat).

At this station there are two military reserves which might be made avail-
able for ^e settlement of pensioners : the one is close to the town, and extends
over 300 acres; the other is an isluid called Bo?sUanc, nearly a mile distant, and
conti^ning abmit 200 acres. The whole of these reserves are cleared of wood,
and on die isknd several gardens have been formed by men of the detachment
stationed at Amherstburg. The keeper of the light-house is also aUowed to
cultivate as much of the ground as he thinks proper; the soil is excellent, and
yields abundant returns with little expen^ture either of labour or capital.

About 40 miles north from Amherstburf , to which there is a water com-
munication by the River St. Clair, lies another large military reserve, containing
ibove 600 acres, all of good land and easily cultivated, though lying low and
requiring drainage. It has been partially cleared of wood, and might be very
useful for the settlement of pensioners, if the* distance were no objection.
AH the land in this district appears very good, particularly about Amherstburg,
but does not bring half the price which land of the same qnality usaally doM
in other parts of Canada possessing similar advantages in point of locality.
This is owin^f to an apprenension of ague on the part of intending settlers^
bat the pensioner) do not appear to be less healthy than elsewhere; and the
medical officer at the station mformed me that this disease is by no means ao
coHunon now as is genemlly su|q;MKied, in evidence of which he fumiahed iae
witii the Return No. 1 of Appendix, wbieh shows that the admissionB into
hoipital from fever during the last seven year&have only averaged about 60 per
tbananid, being as few aa in England. Most of the fevcxs, however, were ofan
agdish character.

The climate of Upper Canada aj^ars to have undergone considerable
change in this respect, owing probably to the increase of cultivation, for though
.'-' BHUiy of the localities winch I visited were likely places to meet with ague, and
the period of the year was that at which it is usually most common, I found (mly
two of the pensioners in Upper Canada snfferiiw from it.
Coodition of |>cn- On a general review of the stations of Lcniaon, Chatham, and Amherstburg,

•ioncra. which, for the sake of brevity, I shall here consider as if in one district, the

result of my observations were most favourable to the f'nndfcion of the pen-
sioners. Indeed it seems almost impossible that men can V otherwise than
materially benefited by removing to a country where their fixed ihcnmc will go
at least twice as far as at home, and where, if they are industrious, mad can
obtain a small advance to purchase land, they need have no difficulty in the
o<mrse of a year or two in maintaining themselves and families without touching
their pensions. The comparatively short duration of the winter is also a
material advantage. At Amherstburg it is not much Ioniser than in Bcothmd ;
so that not only has the pensioner more time to turn his htbonr to account, but
he is put to less expense in providing firewood for himsekf and fodder for bit
catUe, both of whicn are in many parts of Canada very expensive items. He
is also less apt to acquire habits of idleness and intempf-ranee than during
the long wint^ in the Lower provinces, when the want of employment leaves too
mneh tune on his handa.

■aj4»ss»--f

i''=:tef-#

W -"'^^

■^ -^jtJISB^^'f

<• •-■^ I

^ ting upon the infemuitkm wbieh I obtained in reffurd to tka adtantagea
of i'.Kr. Jttrict to any one baring a aaall fixed ineome, I considered it a dntT,
dwHLug my i ubiequent inipectione in theLower province and other parte ofGinaaa
where eiraunitaneeii were lem frrourable, to point oat to the nenrionert
the adfantage thvr woidd derive hj femoviaff imther west; and I have since
learnt from the OonmisMriat officer of the London district that several have
availed themselves of Bjr sogMstion. llanymorelbavenodoobtwoalddoso
but from tiie eirevmstance oTtheir being in debt» or in want of a few pounds
to cover their ezpeneea; and it would be one dT the greatest boons to thsae
men, if ft small sShrance of pension were made fiir the purpose of canTing thorn
to districtB so much better adapted for their setUement.

The foHoving is a surnmny of the inspection at the tinee stations last
referred to, so far as regards the fitnesa of tne men for militaiy duty : —

LondoK—

ChabM pcBMonnn
ConmntM

ClwliM

Anlienaarg*—

CheliM pomioncn
Caaaatod ..

Fit for

loed

oompuiM.

161
3

M
I

FItibr
mwr*.

ToUU*
Unit.

30
SO

IS
9

OtMnl
Total.

as*

Efictencjr of pen*
liooon.

The men at Chatham and Amberstburg are too remote to join the com>
panies at London ; any force formed at the latter must be confined to the men
m that town and its vicinity, but owing to the facility for settling nenuoners
on the reserves at Amberstburg before referred to, no difficult wmdd be found
in establishing a separate local comnanv there.

That the pensioners in these (fistncts are for the most part well Able Lo ^^
labour for their support may be inferred from their present ages, of which the
following is a sumnuuy : —

Undor
40.

From
40to4S.

From
4ftto5a

From
SOtoSft.

From
SStoSa

AhoTO
60.

Total

London: —

CheliM peMMonn . .
Commntad

Amhontbotg : —

Cownatid . .

Chatham:—

' 88

97
3

• ■

5
9

• •

4«
33

13
3

Total . .

109

ft6

•

393

The number of wives and children at these stations was as follows: —

London

ChftllMm ud AvtlMntibniip

Itu.

Childn

995

99S

179

Proportion of
womni and ohildron .

Miagm.

IStiwey.

Eaniagi of pM.
ilMMn.

NIAGARA DISTRICT.

From Amhentboiff I proceeded down Lake Erie, and thence to KiagMa,
tiM lMad>quarten of toe next pension district. It ha» onljr one out-station,
via., Ohimeway about 18 miles distant ; and as the pensioners there are few,
and the meilitj of conTeyanee prerented anpr inconvenience from that eoune,
tbej were injected at rlTiagaia, and the information regarding them has in
consequence been included with that station. From these two placcH there
appeared before me 80 pensioners, who were ultimately classed as foUows : —

•

Ftefttr
Lonleompuijr,

Fiif*r
Rmcrve.

ToUlly
Unit.

Ovnerat
Toul

ClwltM PmiioMn . .
Commatod

85
3

11
7

19
15

65
94

Nbeteen of the men found fit for local company duty were resident in the
town of Niagara, and within three miles of it.

The country around Niagara having been long settled, and in a high state
of cultivation, there is tittle opportunity for pensioners acquiring land of their
own. They are principally employed as mecnanics or jobbing labourers alnmt
town, or are hired as agricultural labourers in the country. The following
is a summary of their earnings and incomes, so far aa I could ascertain the
particulars: —

4 fitrmiay, ud «ble to support their fainiliM, and tell from 90/. to 300^ a-jrear.

6 rentiiiK small allotments of from 1 to 5 acres, living comfortably.
1 a captain of militia, cannot state what bis farm returns him.

10 labourers, eamfaiK flwra 3i. to 5«. a-week.

7 ditto ditto 5i. to lOt. ditto.
3 ditto ditto ids. to 15*. ditto.
3 eamiot Ind employment

12 unable to work.

■ I so.

1 will not work, not reauiring to do i
9 cartera, it lit. a-week.

4 aenranta, at from S«. to 9«. a-week, and board.
1 ont of a slt'iation.

9 pedlars, from 9«. to 9*. a-week.

5 elerks bave no employtaent.
1 elodi factor, at 30*. a-week.
I miuician, at 5«. a-week.

1 tailor, at 10*. a-week.

1 barrack serjeant, at 17« 6d. a-week.

No complaints w.r" made of want of labour here, though the remuneration
is on a low Kale. There is a good deal of jobbing work, which suits men of
such advanced ages as the commuted pensioners better than the hard labour of
clearing wild land. Bfany of the reHident inhabitants are in comfortable cir-
cumstances, and charitably disposed towards them, so ihti they are not in so
wretched a condition as I found them at Penetanguishcnc ; but having no land
or produce of any description on which to support them^lves, their state will
of course become worse as they advance in age. Of the Chelsea pensioners,
those who were abl«i to purchase land several years ago have been very fortu-
nate, One clears 200^ a-year from his farm, besides feedmg his family;
others have farms, which would let for 100/. a-year, and I found them kept in
excellent order.

Three of the pensioners rent small allotments of from four to five acres
each ; and although they pay what are considered high rents, they not only
clear them, but are able to feed their families from the produce.

There can be no doubt that, in a well-settled part of the country such as
this, pensioners would succeed if .small allotments could be assigned to them ;
and fortunately there is a military reserve of about 475 acrcH adjacent to
Niagara cleared of wood and unoccupied, besides several smaller ones at

'■^^

on.

in
re

■•I

•» •«.'»«• f

tte
eir

of
of

d
U

tiiimMwa, QaeeniUmn, wA other ptaees In the nelghbowrhMd, wMeh wovid
admit of auen m meaMure without much oxmbm.

The foUowingabitraetor the«|Mof the iMn ahowi • eomiderable eupMity
for audi emptoynen^ if it eoold be found for them : —

VUtt 40 40 to M

«StoM

M>I»W

MtoM

AWtvao

ToML

CUhM

III

•
S

These 8A pemionen hud 08 wirea and S4i ehildreu. Of thu latter, how-
ever, comparatively few are residing with their parenta, aa the (heil^ of obtain-
ing kbour in the States adjacent, at high wagea^ tempts them away at aa earij
ace, especially when they hare no proapeot oi succeeding to hmd in the erent
<n their parenta* death.

KmOBTON raSTIUOT.

Proceeding from Niagara down Lake Ontario, a diatanee of 990 mllaa, I KhgrtM.
next inspected at Kingston, to which there ia an out-station called BelleviUe,
situated in the Bay of Quinte, about 70 miles to the westward. This I also
Tiaited, but aa the number there only amounted to 30, who were eUefly
employed in agriculture, and preaentad no remarkable feature, the results wffl be
included with those of the heM-quartera' atiVtion.

Though the aituation of Kingston ia good aa re|^rda the fheility for dia-
poaing of produce, the aoil, particukrlv to the eaat, la very aterile and rodqr,
and except on a few lota a4)acent to the town which aell at a high price, doea
notpreaent much inducement for agricultural purauits. It ia otherwiae, however,
at Belleville and along the Bay of Quinte, whore the aoil ia deacribed aa excellent BcIW* nw.
and yielding large retuma.

Owing to the want of huid, the penaionera in Kingaton and its Ticinity have
to depend chiefly on day labour. 8o long aa this town was the seat of Govern-
ment, a ffood deal of thia kind of employment could be obtained, and many
aoldiers who had formerly aerved here were bduced on that account to return
after their discharge ; but since the seat of Government was removed, there
haa been a great fiuling off in thia rei^ect, and with the exception of about a
dosen who are keeping tavema, lodginga, and stores, I found very little doing
among the penaionera.

^e carrying trade of the place in which, at one time, many of the per-
aionera were emmoyed, particuhurly in loading and unloading veaaek on the
Rideau Canal has also suffered a great ch^ through the opening of the
St. Lawrence, by which veasela can at once proceed wiUiout unloadin|p from
Lake Huron to Montreal, ao that the tmde by the Bideau Canal la now
principally confined to the country on its banks.

Kingston, however, being the headoqnartera of one or two regiments of
in&ntiy, as also of the engineers, and two companiea of artilleir, thu fiimiahea
emplo^ent for a conaiderable number of penaionera, aeyeral auo obtain aitua-
tions in the Penitentiary or naval estabhduttent, but in the event of any
reduction in these establuhmenta, they would be aa badly (^ as in an^ part of
Canada. Provided, however, small allotments in the immediate vicinity of the
town could be obtained for them to supply the deficiency of labour, they might
do very well, and fortunately there ia a considerable military reserve a^jaceu^
and at present unoccupied, which could be used for this purpose. Owing to the MOitery
extensive military and naval works in the neighbourhood, it would doubtlm be of Kinitton
great advantage to have such a force of pensioners located in the vicinity, but
unless some inducement of this kind be held out to settle, there is no probuility
of its ever being kept up, as provisions are much dearer than at the diatrieta
further west, and should employment continue scarce, most of the pensioners
. will be likely to leave the station, except those who arc too old or too infirm t6
be available for service in local companies. '''^

rttcrvt at

VMdfimej of fn-

TIm IbDawfav MUMMi
■eription of Mrvie* :

16
rj ikow* Hm pr«MBi ftacM of (1m

BMBfcri

rhfcrLoad

Fkfar

UkM.

T«(al.

CImIm

•

IM
U

AfH.

Of the mon fit for local compuiiofl 4S rooldo «t Kingoton, or within
three miloo thereof, and noorlrdl ore paid At thststatioD. With the execpUon of
8 or 4, ell the peneioiien at BelleTiUe are beyond the iiiM of life at which they
eodd be nMule araikble for mlUtary Mnrlce. Hotwithatandfaif their advaaced
age, howerer, ther appeared b eomfertaUe ciramotaBoee: moot of then had
■ereral acreo of kna under eidtimtioB, from whieh thqr derired tafieient to
rapport their fiuniliM. Produee here bean a good prMe, and inds a ready
markety lo that ai they racoeed in bringing tMir hmd into cnltiTation, they
mnit eventually attain independenoe. Moot of the land in pooaemion of the
peniionen was porehaaed; few had granta.

The agei of the men at Kingston and Bellerille are as foUows : —

! t

VaitrMt.

From
Mto 45.

Fnm
«5 loSa

From
10 to U.

Tnm
»5 to 60.

Abo**

00.

ChtlM* I\niitioiMn . .
Commuted

tl
«

47
SI

Total

1»

/■ ► •

Eamingt of pra-

The followinar io a inmniaiy of the employment and earaings of the men
at Kingston and Belleville, but at the former the work is so irregdar that it
can be little depended upon as a source (^ income :

11 omplojred ia Ordnaoco and Btrtaek Departmoat. fkrom It. to 7» SA a-day.

7 toTom and ttorokotpart, Apoai It. to 501. ••yaar.
90 labonror*, from 9L to lOt. a-ytar.

6 ditto from IW. to lit,m-jMr.

S ditto from 16/. to SOf. a-yaar.

S meehaniea, flrom 80/. to 31/. a-jrcar.

9 Mrvaota and cooki, flrom S/. to U. a-mobtk, aad board.

S ichoolmaatort and miniogariM, from 901. to 60/. apyaar.

4 fhoomakan, tailori, aad podlark. ■*. 5/. a-yaar.

5 ditto ditto from 10/. til5/.a-y*ar.
S ditip ditto flrom 30/ <o 801. a-y*ar.

5 fun-MrraBto. from 15A to 80/. ••yaar, and board.

1 miner, at 7«. 6d. a-waek.

1 ttntmith, at SO/, a-year.

1 meaaanger, at 9f . a-day.

1 carpcBtar and aaw-ar, at M. a-yaar.

4 polioa aad guarda in Ptnitantiary, from la. to 8«. 6A a-day.

1 dainr'keapor, at 10/. a-yaar.

1 gardener, at 40/. a-year.
53 nnabla, or do not wbh to work at the low wage* givon.
10 lira on peaiion. and do not care fbr employment.

9 tailori, thoemaken, tie. who cannot find employaMst.

9 nnoertain ; loppoaed insane. (

10 liring on imall allotmenti, flrom ^ to 6 acrei.
88 fanner*, of wbem >—

4 can iiipport their fhmilie*, and tell from lOL to SOL a-yaar.

1 1 can only rai«e snflcient to feed their fomilia*.

3 state they have to purchase flour for their familiea.
9 cannot state, being first year on their bnu.

12 uaoartain if they can raise snflcient to fwd their children thii year.
1 unable to work liis farm.

1 looking for a form.

Wires and children. I found that of these men 180 were married, and that they had 088 children
alive.

nof

icea

tto

ihejr
the

^i i

men
latit

hildren

BYTOWK DISTRICT.

ThU dUtrict is genenlljr •pproKched from Kingston bj the Ridean Oannl, BjriQwa.
which bv connecting the Ottawa with Luke Ontario, forms a water communica-
tion with the Lower Provincoii, indejiendcntl}' of the 8t. Lawrence.

The land alonff the iMnkn of ih- canal*i» little cultivated, being for the
most part poor, rocKj, and in many placvN inundated to a great extent; but in
the interior, and towards the I <nks of thu Ottawa, where the pensioners are
located, there is plentv of good qufllitv.

MoHt of the pensioners reside to the north-west of tho Ridcau Canal. Not
abore 6 are resident in Bytown, though 07 are paid there ; the i omainder are
divided between the out-stations of Richmond, distant 21 miles, Frankfort nearly
40, Bmith'B Falls fiO, and Perth, above 60 milM from Bytown.

Bo far back as 1818, manv of the 00th and lUSrd Regiments who had
served for several years in Canada and acquired some experience of the country,
were discharged on redaction of their regiments, and settled at these stations.
Their average age at that time was about 31, and thev were chiefly on low rates
of pension. Indeed, in several cases, their pensions did not commence for some
years after they left the service. The land allotted to them was generally good,
and the success which has attended their exertions is sufficient to show that
when care is taken in the locating of soldiers they are just as likely to do
well as anv other class of the community.

For the purpMose of illustrating this fact, I took the trouble of tracing CondiUons of p«n-
the present condition of the survivora of these settlen^ and find it to be as *><">•'*•
follows : —

9 em (M thtir familiM from prodne* of farm, ud mII oteh 100/. a-rnr.
9 ditto ditto ditto SOL ditto.

4 ditto ditto ditto 90Lio40l. ditto.

4 ditto 4Btt« ditto 10/. toaof. ditto.

8 ditto ditto ditto 5/. to 10/. ditto.

5 ditto ditto and pajr iton bill about 10/. a-year.
15 feed their familiei, but do not fell produce.

6 are unable to support ftuniiiei from produoe of fkrm.
1 told bii land for 690/., and live* on tlie intorett.

9 are unable to work tnm age, and have given their grants to their children, with

whom they reiide.

1 lirei on hit pension, without Uad.

2 are day-labourer*.

1 it a loelimaiter, at 4*. a-day.

1 texton, il. a-year, and houte.

1 teacher, at 13/. a-yoar, and houte.

1 crier of Court, receiving 30/. a-year, IVe« houte and garden.

1 clerk of Court, lUO/. a-year.

4 unaccounted for.

Of the above, 3 are magistrates; 2 arc field-officers; and 2 captains
of militia.

The inspection of these men formed a very pleasant part of my duty, they
were so respectable in their appearance and conduct ; but none of them are now
of an age to serve as enrolled pensioners.

The other pensioners who attended for inspection at Bytown were younger
men, but still anove the average age in other districts ; comparatively few of
them are fit for a local company, and they reside at such distances that there
would be great difficulty in assembling them for any military purpose.

From Bytown I proceeded to Richmond, along a good road which, for Richmond,
several miles, passes through well-cultivated farms, several of them the property
of old soldiers. These, indeed, were at first almost the only settlers in Rich*
mond, which is now a thriving town, containing nearly 1,000 inhabitants.
The total number who appeared before me was 44, aU of whom were doing
well.

Out of 40 employed in agriculture, I found only two who stated that they
were unable to feed their families from the produce of their farms. were
well able to do so, and about an equal number admitted that they could
also pay their store-bills for groceries, clothing, and other supplies, which
generally amounted to irom 10^ to Id/. annnaJly, while two or three could

Franktown.

Smith's Falli.

. !

Perth.

Ages and efficiency
of pensioners.

dispone of produce to the extent of from 50/. to 100/, a-year, and this in
addition to considerable outlay in improving their farms and erecting build-
ings thereon.

The soil about Richmond is very good, and the results show that with this
advantage and good roads, military settlers have no difficulty in getting for-
ward. Here, as in nearly every other part of the district, the men are very
old, but their children, being established in the neighbourhood, take care of
them, and they experience no want.

At Franktown, the next place I visited, there were only 4 pensioners,
but all were prosperons; one earned 30/. a-year by weaving, another 40/.
a-year as a schoolmaster ; a third was able to feed his family on the produce of
his farm, and had just finished a house wliich cost him $700 ; the fourth was too
old for work, but had made a little mone on which he supported himself. The
whole village only contained about 50 inlbabitants.

It may be stated as an instance of the lo'v rate of wages in Canada, that
one of these pensioners who hod three grown-up daughters at service, informed
me that the wages they received in a country town in Scotland the year before
they came out was greater tL?n they now got in Canada.

Smith's Falls, to which I next proceeded, is a village of about the same
size as Richmond, and is situated on the Ridean River and Canal ; here I found
about 20 pensioners, all of them advanced in years ; 4 were in the employ
of the Ordnance as lockmostcrs and labourers on the canal, at from 2». 6d.
to 4«. 6d. a-day ; 10 had small farms, of whom only 2 stated their inability
to support their families on the produce; 4 said they could do so, but
had no produce to sell ; and 4 could, besides supporting their families, sell
from 10/. to 16/. a-year; the remainder were chiefly day labourers.

From Smith's Falls to Perth, the next station, is a distance of 14 miles.
I found only 41 pensioners located there, nearly all engaged in agricultural pur-
suits, and, with the exception of 3, who complained that they had rocky
and swampy lots, they were all able to raise sufficient to support their families ;
many also paid their store bills in that way : some were, however, beginning
to be too far advanced in life for day labour, but their children took charge of
their farms, and they were well supported out of the produce.

The returns of the ages of the men throughout t'lis district show that
few or none can be fit for any purpose of military organization. Tliey are as
follows : —

Under
40.

From
40 to 45.

From
45 to 50.

From
50 to 35.

From
50 to 55.

Above
60.

BytowD : —
Ctielaea
Commuted . .

■•

Kiclimond : —
Chelsea
Commuted

••

•■

Franlitown : —
Chelsea

Smith's Falls :—
Chelsea
Commuted

••

Perth:—
Chelsea
Commuted . .

••

Of the whole only about 20 are fit for local company service.

Any military organization in this district, therefore, can only be efifccted
by holding out inducements to j^ounger men to settle in it, and this would not
Ordnance retenrei. bc difficult, as there are extensive Ordnance lands which might be made avail-
able in various parts, and the success which has attended the earlier settlements
affords good reason to hope that any future ones would be likely to do well

also, particularly as there are none of these difficulties to contend with, arising
from the absence of roads and communications, which long retarded the
progress of the earlier settlers.

I found that the number of wives belonging to the pensioners at all the WiTM and children,
stations of this district was 173, and that they had 881 children. Most of the
children are grown up, and very respectably settled either on their parents' fiarms
or lands adjoining.

I visited this station from Montreal by proceeding up the Ottawa, but as it
lies within the Upper Province, the results are more apptopri.>tely stated here
before narrating what took place in the course of my inspections down the St.
Lawrence, the first district on which is

PRESCOTT,

A town containing about 2,000 inhabitants, and 68 miles below Kingston. Pre»cott ud Con-
I also inspected at Cornwall, which is nearly of the same size, 60 miles lower *•"'
down the river. As my inquiries did not eucit any facts calling for separate
notice, the results of the two stations have been included together.

At both, the soil is comparatively barren and unprofitable, labour little
in demand, and few of the pensioners are able to obtain work.

At Pree^ott there appeared before me 44 Chelsea and 19 Commuted pen-
sioners ; of these I found a baker, a cook, and a shoemaker, earning about 40/.
a-year each ; a pedlar and shopkeeper about 10/. a-ycar each, and 12 stated
themselves to be labourers, earning in the course of the year as follows :

EarniogK of peo-
■ionen

1 Labourer earned 20/. a-ycar.
1 „ 10/. „

4 I, ' from 5/. to 7/. a-year.

6 „ from 2/. to 3/.

10 could find no employment.

This low rate of remuneration arose, not merely from the scarcity of employ-
ment, but from the men being unfit for continuous labour ; 15 stated themselves
to be quite incapable of labour of any kind.

The returns of those employed as agriculturists furnish no better results, as Condition of agri-
will be seen by the following summary : — cultural pensionen.

1 supported his family, and sold produce to the extent of 10/. a-year.

1 with difficulty could grow sufficient to feed bis family.

1 could not state.

13 could not raise sufficient produce to feed their families.

Judging from this information, the condition of the pensioners at these
stations is far from encouraging. Several causes concur to produce this, the
operation of which became more apparent the further I proceeded eastward,
viz. : the greater severity of the seasons, the longer duration of winter, the
uncertainty in the crops, and the higher price of all the necessaries of life,
combined with lower raies of wages.

Of the Commuted pensioners, such as were able expressed themselves well
satisfied to work for their board, in which case their allowance of 4|d. a-day
barely sufficed to pay house-rent, fuel, and clothing. When no longer able to
work, they are in great destitution — though not so badly ofl' in every respect as
those I subsequently found located in the Lower Province.

At this station the ages of the men were respectively as follow i : — Ages.

Preseott : —

Cliclsoa Pensioners
Cominutcil do.

Curnwnll :—

Clielsea Petisiomrs
t'om initeil do.

Uiiilfr
40.

From
40 to 45

From
45 to 50.

From
50 to 53

From
55 to 60.

Above
60.

16
C

Total.

47
20

Montreal.

Earnings of pen-
lioners.

i t

Of these only 20 are fit for local compuiy doty, and as bat 7 of that
number are resident at Prescott and its vicinity, they are not likely to be of
any service for military purposes which require concentration.

Among the 76 pensioners in this district, there are 59 wires and 249
children.

MONTREAL DISTRICT.

Proceeding down the St. Lawrence for a distance of 180 miles, I arrived
at Montreal, the head-quarters of the district of that name, and to which are
attached the out-stations of Carillon, Coteau-de-lac, and Huntingdon.

The pensioners who appeared before me at Montreal amounted to 208,
besides 87 who had commuted their pensions. The former were comparatively
younger men than I had yet met, except those at London, and I anticipated
that in a town of such magnitude most of them would be able to find profitable
employment ; but, with the exception of about 50 in the employ of GU>vem-
ment, at various rates, from la. to 10«. a-day, the whole appeared to be earning
lower wages, and to have a still greater scarcity of work than in this country.

The following were their respective occupations and average earnings: —

31 employed in Barrack, Commissariat, Engineer, and Ordnance departments, at
per day from Is. to lOt.
I in Customs, at 25^ a-year.
1 lessee of turnpikes, at 3007. a-year.

10 in police and corporation departments'^ from 20/. to 36/. a-y«ar ; 3 from

45/. to 72/. a-year; 2 from 100/. to 125/. a-year.
1 in post office, at 50/. a-year.
I schoolmaster, at 15/. a-year.

1 brewer, at 500/. a-year.

3 musicians, from 20/. to 300/. a-year.

3 store and tavern-keepers, from 5/. to 40/. a-year.

2 armourer's blacksmiths, at 3/. a-year.

1 1 shoemakers, tailors, pedlars, and saddlers, from 3/. to 20/. a-year.

4 „ „ „ „ from 25/. to 50/. a-year.
13 labourers, from 2/. to 5/. a-year.

19 „ 6/. to 10/. a-year.

4 „ 10/. to 15/. a-year.

2 „ 20/. to 30/. a-year.
1 „ at 36/. a-year.

3 farm-servants, from 6/. to 18/. a-year, and board.
1 carpenter, at 36/. a-year. '

9 servants and coachmen, from 32t. to 40i. a-montb, and board.
1 pointer, at 30/. a-year.
1 miller, at 10/. a-year.
25 can find no employment.

10 live on their pensions, and do not look for employment.

86 unable, from age, &c., to labour, or unwilling to work at wages offered.

1 uncertain.

2 living on allotments from | to 4 acres.

247

£ farm, can feed their families, and sell from 5/. to 15/. worth yearly.

5 farm, and can only feed their families.
9 have to purchase produce.

1 1 cannot state.

277

Out of 74 who designated themselves as labourers, only 28 found regular
employment, and their average earnings amounted to little more than lOZ.
each, in the course of the year ; 17 of the others either stated they were unable
to work, or that the wages offered were too small to induce them to do so.

Even the most active and industrious complained that, during the long
winter, extending over nearly 5 months, they seldom got work, and, for the
rest of tlie year, they thought themselves fortunate if occasionally employed at
2s. currency, or about Is. 7rf. .sterling per day.

To remove any doubt on this subject, I applied to the Clerk of the Corpo-
ration at Montreal to inform mc of the rate of wages paid by him on account
of the city, throughout the year, and his report was as follows :

'■ Sir, City Hall, September U, 1849.

" In fulfilment of the promise made you yesterday, I have examined the
jiay-lists and vouchers in possession of the City Surveyor, and from the informa-

■^ .

'■"41 !&•'»'»■ *

• •

hat
of

*A9

red
are

08,
ely
ted
,ble
ril-
ing

'^ *t:t^-o^-9

ular
10/.
nblc

ong
the

Jut

■po-
lunt

the

ComparatiTe high
pt!ee of provision!!
and house-rent.

tion so obtained, as well as intelligence acquired from other credible soorcea,

I am enabled to certify that 2«. Qd. currency was the highest rate of wages paid Wagfs at Montrral.

to labourers by the Corporation, and indeed throughout the city generally, from

Ist May to the 1st Kovember, in any of the last five years ; and that labourers'

wages, from 1st November to 1st May, never exceeded from 1«. 3d. to 1«. 8d.

currency per day, and employment being very scarce, many labourers were

unable to find any work at all m the winter season.

" I regret to add that there is no prospect of any increase in either siunmer
or winter wages during the next or following years. On the contrary, if any
change occur, there is reason to apprehend it will he an unfavourable one for
the labourers.

(Signed) J. P. SEXTON, City Clerk."

After making allowance for the difiTerence between currency and sterling
money, this information clearly showed that, were a pensioner fortunate enoiigh
to obtain labour on every day of the year, Sundays excepted, his remuneration
would only amount to 9s. 6d. sterling a-week, being scarcely the average rate
of agricidtural wages in this country.

Even those employed as house-servants, and whc were exceedingly steady
men, rarely received more than 8 dollars, or about 11. 13s. 8d. per month, with
board. At the hotel where I resided, three of the waiters were pensioners ;
they received 8 dollars a-month during the summer, and 6 during winter,
without perquisites. Their average receipts, throughout the year, could, there-
fore, not have exceeded 18/., and the same description of men would certainly
not have engaged for less in any country town in England.

Besides these low wages and difficulty of obtaining employment, the
pensioners have at this station to contend against other disadvantages : fire-
wood alone cost three times, and bread and meat twice as much as at
London or Amherstburg. Several of the men whom I visited were paying two
dollars a-month for accommodation which could readily have been obtained, und
of a better description, in the western districts, for one.

I found only about 20 of the pensioners engaged in farming ; 5 of them
could sell produce to the extent of from 51. to 16/. a-year, besides feeding their
families ; 3 others who had purchased land at a cost of from 100/. to 200/.
informed me that they had never been able to sell anything ; the remaining 12
could barely support their families on the produce, the 2 who sold most
merely rented farms. I found that a large proportion of the men in Montreal,
feeling the difficulties they had to contend with, would gladly have left it and
proceeded further west, but all their money being expended in paying their
passage out, and being in some cases still under stoppages on that account,
they were destitute of funds to cnrry them further. Long before pay day
their pensions were anticipated by debts contracted to storekeepers, so that
they never had any money to receive, and were fixed hopelessly at the spot
which appeared least favourable to their exertions.

This observation applies particularly to many who went out about two
years ago, receiving free passages for themselves and their families, on
condition of paying for their provisions during the voyage. The stoppage p«ge«
for this, commencing immediately on their arrival, threw them so much in debt,
that they have never yet been able to get over their difficulties, or to proceed
further in search of employment. Many of those men, too, were as far
advanced in life as the commuted pensioners, and equally unfit for the hard
labour required of them in that country.

Though I heard many complaints of the intemperance of the pensioners,
and assertions that their want of success was attributable to this cause, J
was glad to find on inquiry that such observations applied principally to the
commuted class, of w^hom 79 appeared bclore me for inspection, all between
60 and 70 years of aijc, totally unfit for work, many of them in the most
deplorable, destitute condition, and glad to add to their scanty income by
begging. This keeps them constantly in the streets under the eye of the public,
so that any drunkenness or misconduct is immediately noticed, and I believe that
more opprobium has in this way attached to the pensioners than is merited l)y
them in the mass.

The commuted allowance to these men of 4jrf. a-day, which might have
supported them had they been settled in a more favourable locality while still

Condition of pen-
siuuers under slop-

Intetiipcraurp ol
conimuteJ pen-
sioners.

Out-ttationi.
CwrilloB.

Coteau-de-1ae.

Huntiofdon.

Agei of peniionan
in diatrict.

of an age to Uboor, is manifestly inadequate at a station where eren younger
men have a difficulty in procuring employment, and where it is doubtful if the
whole amount of their allowance woida, under the strictest economy, provide
tiiem wita lodging and firewood during the long and severe winter.

From Montreal I proceeded 10 miles by railway to Lachine, and thence
by steam-boat a further distance of 37 miles to Carillon on the Ottawa.
There, 14 pensioners appeared before me, of whom 4 were receiving the
commuted allowance. Except 3, who were in the employ of the Ordnance
on the Grenville and Rideau Canal, none seemed in comfortable circum-
stances. Of 7 who followed agriculture only 3 could raise sufficient produce
to feed their families ; the others were in great poverty, and by what I could
learn from the residents in the place, suffered much privation during winter.
Most of the men were too old for hard labour, and their children had deserted
them, owing to the want of profitable employment. Indeed that part of the
Ottawa district appeared most unpromising for agriculture ; I may mention as
an instance, that last year the Registrar stated there was plenty of land on
aole at 1». 8d. per acre.

Coteau-de-lac, the next station of the district, lies on the banks of the
St. Lawrence, about 43 miles above Montreal ; here I found 6 pensioners, I
employed as barrack labourer, another as barrack serjeant; the rest were
engaged in agriculture, and their condition much the same as at Carillon.

Huntingdon lies 15 miles south of the last-named place; 13 pensioners
are usually paid there, but not having time to visit them in person, I could
only examine them by written interrogatories. Judging from their replies
they do not seem to be in much better condition than those at the other two
stations ; nearly all are employed in farming, but only 2 stated that they were
able to feed their families and sell to the extent of 51. or 10/. o-year.

Most of the men at these out-stations are of advanced age, as will be seen
from the following summary, which refers to the whole district.

l.-r^.4

Under 40.

From
40 to 45.

From
45 to 50.

From
50 to 55.

From
55 to 60.

Above GO.

Montreal :—
Chelsea
Commuted

27
5

18
13

47
66

Carillon : —
Chelsea
Commuted

•■

3
2

Coteau-de-lac :—
Chelsea
Commuted

3
1

Huntingdon :—
Chelsea
Commuted

6
3

Total

123

Wi^es and children

Owing to the distance at which the men at the out-stations reside, and
their advanced period of life, none of them could be readily available for local
company service ; but in Montreal 127 out of 208 who presented themselves
might be considered fit for that duty, and of the former, 109 resided in the
town or within three miles. Of these, however, 60 are already in the employ-
ment of Government, many of whom could not be spared from their occupations,
on days of exercise, or when called out in aid of the civil power, and it may
be very doubtful whether axij of the others would remain in the district if they
had the means of settling in a cheaper part of the country wh(»'e work was more
abundant.

Among the 306 pensioners in tlie district, I fuund that there were 2G6
wives and 921 children, being about the usual average throughout Canada.

ST. JOHN'S DISTRICT.

■ I- f

Having completed my inspection of the Montreal district, I crossed the
St. Lawrence to La Prairie and proceeded a distance of 17 miles by railway to
St. John's on the Richelieu River, which is the head-qoarters of a pension district
comprising five out-stations.

At St. John's about 60 pensioners are usually paid, but some of them St. John's and iti
having already by mistake appeared before me at Montreal, they were not out-»t«»iona.
required to attend upon this occasion.

At Chambly, 12 miles further up the Richelieu River, about a dozen pen-
sioners arc paid. At Isle aux Noix, 14 miles further, there are but 3, and
at Philipsburg, Granby, and Sherbrooke, only 6 in alL

At St. John's 24, and at Chambly 6 appeared fit for local company
duty, and about 20 might be available for reserve at both places; the men
at the other stations are too few and too distant to be reckoned as part of
either force.

With the exception of a few of these men who are settled as store-
keepers in St. John's, none in this district appear to be prospering, they are
principally employed in agriculture, which they conduct in a very rough way,
and the produce reared by them is barely sufficient for their support ; I heani
no complaints of the soil, but the long winter in that part of the country was
stated by the pensioners to be much against them.

The ages of those men are not so great as to prevent their success in agri- Ages of pensionen
cultural pursuits, if other circumstances were favourable. They are as follows ■*■. ^- John'* dif-
fer the whole district: — ' '

triet.

Under 40

From
40 to 45

From
46 to 80

From
60 to 55

From
56 to 60

Above 60

St. John's :— .

Chclsoa

Commuted . .

Chambly and other Out-alations :

Chelsea

Commuted . .

U
3

4
1

7
2

16
19

4
3

Total

The numbers at each of the out-stations are so smiOl, that it appears
unnecessary to submit separate returns regarding them, and they have there-
fore been classed together as above.

Among the pensioners in this district there are 69 wives and 292 children
alive ; most of the latter are able to labour for their own support.

WILLIAM HENRY DISTRICT.

>>»

After returning to Montreal from this district, I proceeded down the St,
Lawrence, for a distance of 45 miles, to William Henry, better kno^vn by the
name of Snrel, which is the head-quarters of a small pension district, having Sorcl.
one out-station at Drummondville.

Fourteen pensioners appeared before me at William Henry, of whom 7
were upwards of 70 years of age, and 6 of these quite unable to work. Of
the others, 2 were employed as labourers, and earning from 51. to 10/. a-year
besides their board ; 2 could find no employment ; 1 was a teacher of music,
in receipt of 40/. a-year; and 2 had gardens of an acre each, from which the
one sold vegetables to the extent of 30/. last year, and the other had grown
60 bushels of potatoes, 9 of oats and peas, 6 of Indian corn, and sufficient
vegetables for his family. The soil to admit of this must of course been good,
and it shows how much may be done when the pensioners' labour and capital
are restricted to small allotments.

The occasioRal residence of a General Officer and his stafiT at this station.

ll^^

however, creates a demand for garden produce which could not otherwise be
expected, so that these instances of success may be quite as dependent on
that circumstance as upon the exertions of the parties.
DnmmiondvilU'. The out-station of Drummondvillc lies in the interior, at the distance of

about 45 miles from the St. Lawrence. For nearly one-third of the way, the
soil is very sandy. Here 10 pensioners appeared for inspection; all, with
one exception, very old. They had been located on bad soil thirty years ago,
and were by no means prosperous. Three still resided on these grants,
but were unable to raise sufficient produce for their families; 5 had given
up their grants and bought better land ; 4 of whom are now able to raise as
much as supports their families, while the fifth can in addition sell produce to
the extent of 10/. a-ycar; 2 are day-labourers, the rest are farming at a dis-
tance in the country, but only 1 is able to sell to the extent of 12/. a-year.

Many of the pensioners alleged that the roads were so bad there was no use
in raising produce, as it wo:.id not pay the expense of conveyance to market.
In some parts where the climate did not permit the growth of wheat, I found
the difficulty and expense of conveyance so great, that the coarse flour purchased
in Montreal at 4J dollars per barrel, was sold for from 7J to 8 dollars a barrel,
and when taken on credit, as was generally the case with the pensioners, one
dollar was added for interest on every 5 dollars' worth purchased, which the
store-keeper assured them was only charging 5 per cent.

■< ..; «

QUEBEC.

Quebec, the next station, is the head-quarters of a pension district com-
prising five small out-stations, distant as follows : —

St. GiloB
Frampton
Leeds
Inverness
Three liivcrs

Miles.
30
38
38
50
90

Quebec.

Condition of pen-
sioners at Quebec.

Wages.

At Quebec there appeared before me for inspection 108 pensioners,
about one-half of whom were fit for local company duty; but as 32 are
employed as servants or in public offices, from vhich they could not be
withdrawn without losing their employment, it is only the remainder who can
be reckoned on for any purpose of military organization.

There also appeared 47 commuted pensioners, several of whom reside at
the out-stations, but were induced to come to Quebec on this occasion, in the
hope of obtaining their pensions a few days earlier. They were almost all
incapable of labour, either from age or infirmities, ap'' appeared in great desti-
tution, much more so indeed than I have ever witnessed in any part of the
United Kingdom, and yet their condition, sad as it was, fell short of what I subse-
quently witnessed on visiting the out-.stations.

Even the younger class of pensioners had much difficulty in finding employ-
ment, and when they did so, the wages stated to be received by them were so
low, that I considered it my duty to look for information on that subject
from other sources. With this view I obtained from the books of Messrs
Gilmour and Company, one of the most extensive firms in North America,
the extract. No. 2 of Appendix, which shows the wages paid by them to the
labourers in their wood-yard to have been as follo\ys in sterling currency, for
each month of the years 1847 and 1848 :

t;
o

a
8

1847..

1848..

». d.
1 Si

1 Oi

,. d.
I 4i

a. d.
1 5i

I. d.

1 H
1 H

.». rf.

1 10]

t. d.

2 Oi
2 4j

*. d
2 4|

1 10}

». rf,
2 5i

1 8i

J. rf.
2 3

1 8}

s. d.
1 10}

1 5i

,. d
1 3i

1 li

rf.

8.?

'^ -■•■aJ •■

From Another resectable aottfte I learned that the labooreri employed hf
shipbuilders received during winter onl^ lOd. anlaY eotrency, or l^d. sterling,
ana that the carpenters dunng that period had only 1«. 6d. currency, or 1«. 9d.
sterling. When this is the nue of wages to strona healthy men in the prime of
life, accustomed to hard labour, and many of them u>ng employed at this descrip-
tion of work, it may easUy be supposed that ■)en8ioners are not likely to find em-
ployment at very remunerative rates, and that the following summary uf their
condition, taken from their own statement, is not in any respect exaggerated:

34 are in military department!, from lOd. to 4«. 10(^ a-day. Eaminga of pcn>

1 in poft offlee, at 100/. a-year. lionen.

1 rouiioian, at 4S/. a-year.

2 in ouitom-houie, at 16^ to 33/. a-year.
1 cuitom-houM ofleer, at ISO/, a-year.

1 clothier, at 30/. a-vaar.

2 blackimitliti at 402. a-year.
1 cutler, at HI, a-jiear.

4 thoeroakere, from 4/. to 20/. a-y«ar.

8 Mrntoti, from 19/. to Ml. a-year, and board.
1 watehmaoi at SOL »>year.

5 pedlars, fttnn 3/. to oL a-year.
1 painter, at SO/, a-year.

1 policeman, at St. Sd. a-day.

1 gtorekeeper, at 11. a-year.

15 laboureri, from 10/. to 20/. a-year.
10 ditto iL to 10/. ditto. •

4 give labour for board.
61 cannot 6nd employment, or are unable to work from a^.

2 hare imall allotments.

1 schoolmaster, at 16/. a-year.

2 gardeners, from S*. to 7«. a-week.

The wages are thus low when taken on the average of the whole year, owing Reasons for low
to two circumstances: first, that from the opening of the river till the approacB '^^ <>' «'*sm at
of winter, there is such a constant influx of destitute emigrants ready to labour ^®^'
for any remuneration which may be offered to them, that it is almost impossible,
without a great expansion of trade, to find employment at even nominal
wages. Again, when winter has set in, all a^cultund operations are suspended,
and such of the emigrants as formerly derived their support from that boarce
are thrown on the town for employment, at the very time when in consequence
of the St. Lawrence being dosed against all traffic, there is the greatest
difficulty in finding the means of support.

The preparations to be made for the long winter and spring in the severe EipensesatQuebec.
climate ot Lower Canada require also much greater resources than the pen-
sioner possesses and more than he has been accustomed to lay out in the com-
paratively mild climate of this country. Supplies of warm clothing have to be
provided, as also large stores of firewood, with expensive stoves to ensure
economy in its use ; and all this has to be done under a rate of wages lower
than in Britain, -fith house-rent at double the cost, and the price of all the
necessaries of life nearly as high. The contract price of meat when I left
Quebec was, for instance, S^d. per pound, while in Kent on my arrival in this Prices of provisious.
country it was 3f J., and in many parts of Ireland it could be had much cheaper.
A comparison of the price of bread cannot be made with equal facility, as that
used by the troops in Quebec is not contracted for, but baked in a Government
establishment. Except at Frescott, Toronto, and Amherstburg, however, the
price of bread throughout Canada is higher than in England, as will be seen on
reference to the contract-rates for the troops, Xo. 3 of Appendix ; the lower
price of grain in Canada being more than compensated by the increased
charge for baking and grinding there.

Under these circumstances it will not excite surprise that most of the
pensioners who are obliged to spend a winter in Quebec, after their arrival, get
into difiicnlties from which they are rarely able to extricate themselves so as to
leave the place and try their fortune further west, under a better climate and
more propitious circumstances. Indeed I was assured that were it not for the
charitable donations of some of the Catholic Societies, many of the pensioners
would absolutely starve during the winter.

As a contrast between the condition of a pensioner in Quebec and at
London, Canada West, it ia only necessary to state that besides employment

Condition of agri-
cultural pentionar*
at Quebec.

being more plentifiil at the latter, the labour of one day will purchaae four
times aa much bread and meat as at the former.

Owing to the cost of land in the vicinity of a large town, comparatively
few of the pensioners at Quebec follow agricultural pursuits, and even to
these it appears, Arom the following statement, not to be very remunerative
though some have expended considerable amounts on their ground.

S cannot raiie luiBeient to feed their familiei.

1 can raise suiBciept to feed family.

3 can do to, and tell il, worth a-year.

1 ditto ditto 10/. ditto.

1 ditto. ditto 16/. ditto.

1 ditto ditto 80/. ditto.

3 rent houiei with tn acre of land; produce not itated.

There is no mUitary reserve in the neighbourhood of Quebec, nor any means
of locating the pensioners so as to provide employment for them on small allot-
ments of their own, when they cannot find it otherwise. With the exception of
the commuted pensioners, the ages of the men would admit of their labouring
successfully, provided opportunity could bo found for their doing so.

They are as follows :

Age* of peniioaer*
at Quebec.

Quebec.

Under 40.

From
40 to 45.

From
45 to 50.

From
50 to 55.

From
55 to 60.

Above 60.

Cheliea
Commuted

17
1

10
12

The pensioners at this station did not appear to have the same facility
as at Toronto in getting their children provided for, and in consequence of the
high price of provisions a man with a large family finds himself at Quebec in
as great difficulty as he would in the United Kingdom, perhaps more so, a
there are no large manufactories in which children at an early age can find
employment.
Out-itations. Bad as was the condition of the pensioners here, however, I found it infi-

nitely worse at the out-stations after described.
Frampton. Frampton, the first of them that I visited, is a village containing about

200 inhabitants, on the other side of the St. Lawrence, and about 37 miles south-
east from Quebec ; the road to it, with the exception of the last few miles, is
tolerably good. Here 16 commuted and 4 Chelsea pensioners appeared before
me ; all the former had received grants in the settlement of Cranbourne, about
eighteen years ago, and 15 were still resident thereon, but could not grow suffi-
cient to feed their families; one had given up his grant and was squatting
in another person's ground, where he raised as many potatoes and oats as sup-
ported him.

These men all complained that their grants were on land of the worst
description ; that year after year they lost their crops from early frosts ; that it
was sometimes June before they could get their seed into the ground ; and
that in one year the frost set in as early as August. In consequence of the
adverse and uncertain character of the climate, they appeared to have given up
all hopes of being able to raise produce of any kind, and several of them
were in such poverty that they could no longer purchase seed. Most of their
children, seeing no prospect of employment at Cranbourne, had deserted them
and gone to the States.

Though there appeared no sign of dissipation among the pensioners here,
and I was informed that they were the best hehavod in the district, I never saw
men in such a state of destitution, in fact they were so reduced from privations
and age, that even if located on good ground they would be unfit to use it.

The 4 Chelsea pensioners appeared in better circumstances, though
resident in the same townships ; fortunately only 2 had accepted of grants,
for they could not raise from them sufficient to feed their families. The other
2 rented farms of 100 acres each for IL 5s. a-year, from which they fed
their families, and sold dairy produce sufiicient to pay their rent.

ler

"< 4

The men at this station were hirther advanced in years than any I had yet
met. The following is a summary of their ages :—

From
55 to 60.

From
60 to 70

From
70 to 80.

Above 80.

Fourteen of the 20 were married, but few could say how many children
they iiad alive, an they had long ago been descried by them.

The next station at which I inHpectcd was Leeds, about 40 miles to the l^*ii-
east of Frampton. Only 5 commuted pensioners are paid thtre, of whom
2 appeared for inspection, and 2 met me on the road ; they had aU received
grants, but had given them up. One was able to earn his living by cobbling ;
2 others were squatting on some ground belonging to other parties, and with
the produce of it and their pensions were able barely to subsist ; the fourth had
been deserted by his family, and appeared insane.

Ten Chelsea pensioners also appeared, of whom 1 was living on his
grant, but could not raise sufficient to feed his family ; 2 were boarding with
their friends: 1 rented a farm of 120 acres for 1/. 6«. 8d., and could sell
sufficient produce to maintain his family; 2 others had purchased farms,
and could live comfortably on them ; the remainder were unable to work, but
received part of the produce of their farms from their children. On the
whole, these Chelsea pensioners appeared in rather better circumstances
than at Frampton, though, with the exception of one, who was aged 50,
they were from 60 to 87 years of age,

I next proceeded to Inverness, a small hamlet 15 miles to the west of loTemeu.
Leeds, containing little more than a dozen houses. The road to it was
almost impassable for a carriage, and I had to walk the greater part of the
way. 10 commuted and 4 Chelsea pensioners appeared for inspection; the
former had all received grants, but none were able to obtain from them suffi-
cient to feed their families ; all were in the same miserable condition as those I
have described at Frampton, deserted by their children, unable to work, and
apiurently in the greatest state of destitution. Three of the Chelsea pensioners
had also accepted grants, but had been unable for the last four years to obtain
sufficient to support their families from them ; one had given up his grant, and

imrchascd 100 acres of better land for 251. and from the produce coiud fiuppott
lis family ; the fourth had taken no grant, but hod piuchased land, aai could
also support his family thereon. With two exceptions, all the commuted men
are about 70, and the Chelsea ones from 70 to 75 years of age.

At St. Giles' there are 4 pensioners, but not having time to proceed St. Giles,
there, I had them inspected in the usual way by questions, and from their
answers, there is no encouragement for others to go there. At Three Rivers, on
the left bank of the St. Lawrence, 90 miles east from Montreal, 3 men appeared
before me belonging to this district : one was a gardener, who could only earn
3s. Cyd, a-week ; another a tailor, who complained that he could get no employ-
ment ; and the third was a labourer, who made the same statement.

Before putting upon record the assertions of the pensioners at Frampton,
Leeds, and Inverness, relotive to the difficulties they had to contend with in respect
of soil and climate, I at considerable inconvenience visited two of their farms.
On the first, some trouble had obviously been taken, in planting Indian
corn, potatoes, and buck-wheat ; the first was already destroyed by frost, and a
large patch of the potatoes was blackened apparently from the same cause.
This was no later than the 8th of September. On expressing my surprise at his
suffering so early in the year from frost, he remarked that he had lost his
crop from the same cause upon one occasion in August. The other man whom
I visited had not, even in that severe climate, either a stove or bedding in his
house, nor, with the exception of about a dozen square yards, had any attempt
been made to raise produce on his ground that year ; all that had been done
was the work of some charitable friends ; hs was unable even to cut firewood for
himself. He informed me that when he had strength to work, he lost his crops
so often that he considered it useless to cultivate hia ground any longer.

E 2

Irn

Narrative of Com-
miuariat Ofle«r on
condition of pen-
lionen at out-iu-
tiontofthiidistriet.

So wretched did some of the men »t these oot-ttatioiu appear, and m antit
to encounter the severity of a OanacUan winter, that I was apprehenaire of
some attempt to deceive me, and mentioned mj suspicions on that head to the
Commifisarj-Oeneral at Montreal, who, in corroboration of their statement,
ftimished me with the following extracts from a report made to him by the
Senior Commissariat Officer at Quebec about two years ago, when sent to
inquire into the condition of these men, in consequence of their having petitioned
the Oovemment for assi.stance :

"The petitioner, Michael Ferrall, is an exceedingly infirm old man and
quite idiotic ; he resides upon some land which was granted to him by the
Government, of which there may be about four acres cleared, but this clearance,
with the exception of a quarter of an acre, is entirely overrun with weeds ;
his wife, who is also decrepit and old, had formerly a son who cultivated
the hind and enabled them to live, but he has now left them, and it is hard
to describe the state of destitution in which I found them : the house had no
roof, was totally destitute of bed or bedding, and their food consisted of a few
potatoes in a decaying state ; the entire establishment presents such a miser-
able aspect, that I should have conceived it was an attempt to deceive me had
it not been that there is a small garden in the rear of the building whioh they
have endeavoured to cultivate, '^le Uuid is of a fhir quality."

"The petitioner, Robert Boyle, resides on the same land which be received
from Oovemment ; there may lie about 1 1 acres cleared, but it is so exceed-
ingly rocky as to be quite unfit for cultivation. He and his wife, however, have
been able to make a scanty living until within the two last years, since which th^ y
have been almost wholly dependent upon their neighbours for food. Even this
resource last spring failed them when his wife ran away, leaving two childreu,
9 and 12 years old. Boyle himself is 66 years old, and at the time I visited
their dwelling they had been three days without food ; from debilitv and SMe
he is Quite unable to labour, whilst the squalid appearance of the children who
are all but destitute of clothing, affords sufficient proof that their state of
destitution baa for some time been extreme."

"The petitioner, Henry Hamberton, is a veir decrep'i old man, 70
years of age, he resides on the farm granted him by Government, which is
nothing better than a rock, — ^w;th the assistance of his children, however, they
manage to cultivate a few patches of potatoes, and keep one or two cows, but
the failure of the crops (potatoes) for the last two years, compelled his children
to go into the States, as uic land no longer afforded them any subsistence ; his
wife is also a very old woman, and evidently labouring under great difficulty from
want and hardship. Hamberton himself is nearly blind, which, with his other
infirmities, renders him quite unable to labour."

" The petitioner, Joseph Mathews, resides on the Government grant in the
township of Cranboume ; his farm is situate 5 miles off the main road, and be
has cleared about seven acres. The entire grant and a great deal more in the
neighbourhood is one continued swamp, so much so that he has no nearer neigh-
bour than the preceding petitioner, Hamburton, who resides 5 miles from him.
With the assistance of his wife, until the last two years, they managed to obtain
a living from the farm, but her death, which took place last January, has
reduced him to the greatest state of destitution. He is a feeble old man, and
moreover burdened with a son who is deaf and dumb. In common with the
whole district, he has suffered severely from the failure of the potato crop, upon
which he mainly depended for food. A neighbouring fanner, Mr. Courtnay (7
miles oS), supplied him gratuitously with seed for the present season ; but uiuess
he is able to employ some labour in addition to his own, this act of charity will
avail him but little, as he is totally unable to cultivate the ground ; his son is only
9 years old.''

"The netitioner, John McNeale, has never received his grant of public land,
but has earned his livelihood by the trade of shoemaking ; his present residence
was formerly a cow-shed belonging to a farmer by the name of Wilson, who
allows hioi to reside in it gratuitously. Neirher he nor his wife appear

y^ •

u •

M infirm from age m from want and hardship; their plM» '
muat neeeaaarilj afford them hut a miserable proteetion againM He serwitj
of the winter, whilst McNoal's night is growing too wealc to be abi> continuo
his trade. Mr. Wilson assured me that during the whole of but wmtcr th«j^
were dependent upon him for food, as both the pensioner and wife were unable to
procure employment at his trade or anj other kind of work,— -their destitution
at present is very great, and must necessarily increase as Mc. Neal's blindness
becomes worse."

" The ipetitioncr, Edward Breman, states that he did not apply for the com-
muted pension until the present time, because he was in fair circumstances, and
was able to earn his living bv labour. He is still an able-bodied man, but is
unfortunately so afflicted with a frightful cancer in the lower lip, that he is
unable to stoop from pain ; but in addition to this, I was informed in the neigh-.
bottrhood,that ne is, tmrough this misfortune, unable to obtain any kind of employ-
ment. What little property he had has been sold from time to time to purchase
food for the support ra his wife and five younir children, but that being all gone,
he is now dependent upon bis father-in-law for subsistence. He is certainly a
most deplorable-looking object, and I can roadilv imagine would find much diffi-
culty in obtaining employment, even if he could work, but this, there is every
reason to believe ne is unable to do, from the fact of his having ho long abstained
from applying for the commuted penHion, and which he would not now apply for
if he could work for himself, or make a livelihood in any manner whatever."

"The petitioner, John Dunlevy, resides upon the Government grant, — it is
situate about 7 miles ofi* the main road in the township of Cranboume ; since
the time of his location he has cleared about Id acres, but the entire lot is such
a swamp that it is all but impossible to cultivate it. Of the 15 acres cleared
12 yield nothing but rushes, and have long since been uncultivated ; the remain-
ing three hare been planted with potatoes ; but all his children having now left
him, from the want of subsistence, his wife and himself are reduced to the
greatest state of destitution.

" The failure of the potato crop throughout the entire district, among a class
of people who have no means of cultivating any description of grain, has been
a source of severe sufiieriitg, and no one appears to have undergone greater
privations than the present petitioner. His wife and himself arc totally unable
to labour, from debility brought on by want."

"The petitioner, Cornelius McAuliffe, resides on his Government grant,
which is a mere swamp, 3 miles from John Dunlevv's ; both himself and
wife are more than 65 years of age, and exceedingly infirm. They have
hitherto obtained subsistence fi-om the farm, with the aid of their son's
labour ; but he has now left them for the United States, as he was reduced like
themselves, during the last winter, nearly to a state of starvation. The farm
is now totally uncultivated, except a snuul patch of potatoes, as they have no
seed, and are totally unable to labour ; their destitution is extreme.

" The petitioner, John Haskett, resides on his Government grant, situate
About 3 miles ofi" the Gosford road, in the township of Inverness. It is a
remarkable fact, that the road leading to this man's farm, about 3 miles in
length, is a very good one, and all the land in the neighbourhood is thickly
settled, but the only bad spot in the vicinity seems to have been selected for
this poor man ; his farm is literally nothing but a series of rock and swamp
alternately ; on first settling, he cleared 20 acres, but it has never since been
cultivated, as he and his son earned their livelihood by lumbering. Unfortu-
nately, in April last, his son, by an over-exertion in raisiuff a log, suddenly
dropped down dead. The petitioner himself is, from age and infirmity, totally
unable to contmue the business, and is now reduced to the greatest poverty.
His dwelling I found destitute of bedding, as he has parted with it, from time
to time, during the summer, to buy provisions for himself, wife, and three young
children, who are all but in a state of nudity, whilst the old man is sorely afflicted
with an ulcer in the back."

" The petitioner, WiUiam Garvin, resides on his Government grant, in the

Evidence of Mayor
of Invernei* to
name effect.

townnhip of Oranbonrno. The fitrm is exceedingly rocky, but he continaed
until the laHt yuar to make a living, with the amiiitanrr of hia two sonit ; both
have, however, now left him for the United State oh the failure of the
potato crop, their only food, had reduced the whole family to the greateai
want. William Oanrtn himself had contributed to the Hubsifitence of the familr
by tailoring, but that source, from blindnefw, has now failed him, and his wife
is also very inflrm. He is now in the greatest destitution, and from hia
blindness and infirm state, will never be able to make a livelihood by cultivating
the farm.

" As a general remark, which is applicable to the whole of the fore-

S>ing cases, I would beg to observe, as the result of my inquiry, that
e land granted to these pensioners by the Colonial Oovernment is of the
very worst description, and such as it was found could not be sold to settlers
for money. The fact is too general to have been the effect of accident, and so
far it cannot but be admitted that the* terms upon which they commuted their

Sensions have not, by anv means, been satisfactorily carried out, as it was
oubtless the intention uf the Home €k>vernment that they should receive at
least 100 acres of land that could be cultivated, and not the refuse of the most
distant townships. To this circumstance may be wholly attributed the total state
of destitution in which these people find themselves ; for in many cases, when
they had foresight to abandon their Government grant, and purchase other lands
of a good quality, they arc comparatively well provided for, and make as good
farmers as other settlers. Tlio people located in Cranboume have been in ' this
respect singukrly unfortunate ; for, in addition to the worthlessness of the soil,
many of them are now, even after sixteen years' residence, more than 20 mile*
from any road over which a wheeled vehicle can travel with a load ; it is not,
therefore, at all surprising that they should be in a state of destitution closely
bordering upon starvation.' "

As an instance of the cruel and heartless manner in* which the interests of
these old soldiers were sacrificed to consideration connected with local politics,
it may perhaps not be amiss to advert to the following information in a letter
to mc from the Mayor of the Municipality of Inverness :

" I came to this country during tne^aaministration of the Earl of Dalhousie,
and obtained a grant of 1200 acres of wild land in the county of Megantic. I
was shortly after appointed Location Agent, with power to locate in free grant
all persons applying for actual settlement and with sufficient means to make
improvements thereon. This continued until the year 1820, the best land being

always taken first. This system was changed when Mr. was appointed

Crown Land Agent, and Mr. Emigrant Agent for Quebec. About this

time the Duke of Hamilton obtained a large grant for a great number of hi8
tenantry, who came out and selected all the lands that were of any value.
The Legislature then passed a law for taking the census of the province in

order to increase the number of representatives, and Mr. feehng desirous

of being in Parliament, but uncertain whether Megantic was sufficiently popu-
lous to return a member, recommended the pensioners, who were then coming
out in great numbers, to take their commutation lands in that county, although
all the vacant lands were very unfit for cultivation. They were thus sent into
the back-woods and swampy bad lands, where the most experienced and indus-
trious farmers with moderate means could not have obtained an existence ; the
consequence was that many perished from starvation, several lost themselves in
the woods, some left their locations to beg in the cities, and the few remaining
have ever since suffered the extreme of misery."

The worthless character of the soil generally in this part of the country,
and the utter hopelessness of any military settlement ever succeeding on it is
sufficiently established by the simple fact recorded in the Megantic Registrar's
Report, that plenty of land can be had merely on the condition of paymg one-
tenth of its value to the Seigneur on each sale.

The unfavourable character of the climate of this and other parts of Lower
Canada is sufficiently evident from the fact, that the statistica] returns of the

Erovincc show a vast falling off" in the cultivation of grain of late years. It will
e nolonger a matter of surprise, therefore, that military pensioners should not have
succeeded in settlements under such adverse circumstances ; the wonder is that

fi
c

h
b
ai
it
of
h(
A

th
sh
as

fiU

sai

g»
na
ci(
in(
ap

th
on

. •

thcT bare not long ago fallen rictima to tho hardship'i they haTO had to straggle
with, and thia must certainly have been the c^ise but for the charitable
aMiatance rendered to them by peraona in better ciicumatancea who are reaident
in the vicinity.

So far aH rrp^arda efficiency for local aervicc, nothing of course can be
expected from nwh men, for of id belonging to thcac out-atations, only were
lit to aerve tm enrolled pensioners.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Though the progress of the pensioners in Lower Canada, as shown by
these results, has proved far from encouraging, it would be very erroneous
to conclude tlut, as a class, they are unfit for colonization. Tlie cauaes I
have enumerated appear quite sufficient t<i account for want of success there,
without attributing any considerable share of blame to the men themselves ;
and the result or my inquiries in those parts of Upper Canada where
the climate and soil are more favourable to their exertions, showed that with
fair advantages in these respects they are j'lst as likely to do well as any other
class of the community, provided they arc selected with reference to their ages
and capacity to earn a livelihood by Imrd labour.

With the view of obtaining some data to warrant my conclusions on this Quantity of land
head, I took great pains to ascertain whether the average quantity of land tultivated by pi n-
brought under cultivation by pensioners was much below the usual proportion »'""«" »"<* '^""'
among the same number of persons who had never served. To afford the necessary ""*'
information, I questioned evcrv pensioner in Upper Canada as to the quantitjr
of land in his possession, whether obtained b^ grant or purchase, and bow much
he had cultivated. The whole of the particulars will be found in No. 4 of
Appendix, and the result gives an average of 20 acres cultivated by each
pensioner, whereas the gross quantity of land brought unucr cultivation by
the heads of families in each of the districts in Upper Canada in 184 s, ia
shown by a statistical return in the same number of the Appendix to have been
as under. ■

Total Heads of Familioj
engaged in Afiru-u

Acrei brought under
Cultivation.

Arerape quantity to
each, in acrei.

104,322

3,646.920

24i

So that the itensioners engaged in agriculture have been nearly as
successful as the ( ivil population, though they are not likely to have hail tho
same advantages in respect of capital, age, and intelligence.

This fact ought of itself to be a sutKcient refutation of any general charge
as to the unfitness of military settlers for agricultural pursuits. I have
given many individual instances of their success in each of the districts, as I
narrated my progress, and if any further evidence were wanting of their capa-
city in a fair proportion of cases, to raise themselves by their exertions and
industry, it might be found in the following abstract of the numbers holding
appointments as magistrates and officers of militia in the colony :

Magistrates.

Field OfBcers of
Militia.

Captains of Militia.

Subalterns of
Militia.

1.5

A list of the names of each of these pensioners, and of the districts to which
they belong, is given in No. 6 of Appendix, where it will be seen that, with
one exception, all belong to the Upper Province; a sufficient indication in

Wages generally
fiver pstirnated in
Canada.

Effect of Truck iijri.
ti'in on wage*.

Evils of having too
much land.

itself, how much better fitted it is for the settlement of old soldiers than
Lower Canada.

Before eonclnding my observations in regard to the Canada pensioners, I
may perhaps be allowed to make a few remarks applicable in a great measure
both to the civil and military settlers in that colony.

The erroneous ideas which appear to have gone abroad relative to the rate
of wages, have probably arisen from due regard not being paid to the difference
in value between currency and sterling money, the former being about one- fifth
less in value, though of the same denomination as the latter ; a still further
reduction takes place owing to the very general practice of paying wages, not
in cash, but by orders on a store, where every article is charged at one-
third more than its value : the Truck system, in fact, of the manufacturing
districts in the United Kingdom. I found, for instance, several Irish labourers
employed this summer making sugar from the maple ; this they sold to a store-
keeper at 2^. per pound, who paid them partly in salt pork at ^d. a pound,
which cost only id., and in coarse flour at $7| per barrel which could be
purchased at the nearest large town for $4^ per barrel. In aatumn I found
these same men employed burning wood for pearl-ash, and receiving in part
payment the same sugar at 5d. per pound which in the previous spring they
had made and sold at 2^d. In this way it may be doubtfiil whether their
nominal wages of 2». were really equal to Is. paid in cash.

Owing to the want of any capital among the labourers to lay in stores for
themselves, they are much exposed to this kind of imposition, as in a tldnly
populated country there is often no means of supplying themselves ercept by
going to a distance, which would involve greater loss of time than thd amount
saved would compensate. Even where an employer does not keep a store
he generally pays his labourers by orders on some adjacent one, the owner of
which gives a consideration for so doing, or at least allows credit for all advances
made by his orders till the crop is got in, part of which is then taken in
re-payment. The difficulty of obtaining money wages is so great, that during
harvest, when labour is in demand, and a portion of it must be paid for in
cash, farmers will often lose many pounds by their com shedding from over
ripeness rather than expend a few shillings in the hire of labour to save it.

Low, however, as wages are, they would, owing to the continued influx of
emigrants, be still more so, but for the circumstance that any one who is strong
enough for the task of settling in the bush can generally find some person ready
to lease to him a few acres of uncleared land at a merely nominal rent, on
condition of receiving his labour for a week or two in seed-time and harvest ;
others will be equally willing to let him have the use of a yoke of oxen in
spring for double the same number of days of his own labour, so that if he
has only strength to cut down a few trees, plant some potatoes, and a few
bushels of oats, his subsistence is provided tor. ^y this facility of settling,
thousands become annually absorbed among the small farms in remote parts of
the country, leaving the field clear for their successors, who otherwise would
soon swamp the labour markets. This description of life in the bush, however,
is not well suited to the pensioner who is generally too far advanced in years
for the rough work of settling on wild land. On this account he is likely to do
much better on a small quantity' already cleared and in a situation where he
has no difficulty in converting his spare produce into cash than if he became
the proprietor of a larger proiwrty which would only be a source of constant
toil and expense to him.

It appeared to me that one of the greatest obstacles to the prosperity of
the settlers of aU classes and to the improvement of the country, is the tendency
to take too much land, and at too great a distance from the markets. The
same labour and capital applied to a fourth part of what is nominally under
cultivation, would raise an eciual quantity of produce without putting the settler
to the expense of clearing and fencing more than he could use, a practice
particularly objectionable in a country where vegetation springs up so rapidly
on any portion that is loft waste ; whatever exertions a man mav make in such a
spot he must, unless in possession of more capital than usually falls to the lot
of an old soldier, be always residing in the midst of a wilderness, and though
nominally he inoy have 40 to 60 acres cleared, it will generally be found that
not more than a tithe of that quantity is under crop, and that the rest is so
overgrown with fresh vegetation, that, as regards agricultural purposes, it might
just as well be covered with its original forest.

T < ^.-^ 9

/'■-*<

r S «

rity of
idency

The
under
settler
(ractice
rapidly
1 such a
the lot
though
id that
t i-

might

A large quantity of land too is of less value in remote parts, because the
very circumstance of its extent renders it impossible, except at great expense,
to make available roada through it ; the produce, consequently, in such places,
will not pay the expeitM of carriage to market, and the man who, perhaps, has
energy to work himself and capital to employ others, is deterred iirom the use of
either, by knowing that to raise- produce for a distant market would not under
these circumstances remunerate him. Therefore, out of 100 acres, he only
cultivates as much as will feed himself and his family, which he could do Just as
well on 3 or 4 acres in the vicinity of a town and with all the comforts of civili-
zation about him.*

I have ventured on tkese remarks, perhaps, in some measure, foreign to the Pensioners should
object to my mission, for the purpose of drawing the deduction that, under ''"".VtL'iTw

• A ... 1.11.. ..1 1 .A** quantity oi land, uut

no circumstances, is it advisable to give pensioners those large grants of land of good quality.
which have hitherto been bestowed, and that from 3 to 4 acres, if in the imme-
diate vicinity of a town where there is a ready sale for garden produce, or from
26 to 30 acres in a country district favourable for farming operations, ia the very
utmost he should ever settle on. Though the former quantity of land is consi-
dered very small in Canada for the support of one family, yet I have noticed
so many instances of men not only feeding their families from the produce but
paying a considerable rent, and having a small surplus, while those who had
twenty times the quantity in more remote localities could show no such satis-
factory result, that I trust I may be excused for recommending that in
the future settlement of soldiers they should not be embarrassed with too
much land, which they are always anxious to obtain, without knowing the evils
it entails.

But if it is thus necessary to be particular in the quantity, it is still more
* important that the quality of the land given to the old soldier should be care-
fully attended to ; and here I regret to state, that for want of superintendence
and a proper regard to his interests, great injustice has been done in many
of the settlements formed in Canada. At Inverness, for instance, the land
given to the commuted pensioners had been rejected by the pauper emigrants
sent out from England. At Carillon, the old soldier has had that given to him
as a boon which could find no purchaser, except at a price so low as to be
scarcely worthy of consideration. Where officers and men have been located
together as was the case on the termination of the last war, it appears also
to have been the practice to give out a large block of land to all belonging
to a particular regiment who chose to settle. The officers were not bound
to take their grants in continuous lots, in which case good and bad land
must have gone together, but were permitted to select one portion here, and
another there, as they considered the land or situation most valuable ; many of
the non-connnissioncd officers were permitted to do the same, so that the worst
only was left for the men. The officers generally were non-residents, and did
little or nothing to improve their grant, trusting to its increasing in value in
the course of time by the labours of others, so that on the first settlers devolved
all the expense of making roads and communications of which the property
thus left waste subsequently enjoyed the benefit. Under the present regula-
tions nothing of this kind is likely to occur and I mention it merely to
show, against what difficulties these military settlers had from the first to contend.

The miserable condition of the military settlers at Cranbourne referred to '"ontrast oi sute of
in the quotation from the Report of the Deputy Commissary-General at Quebec, E*""'"""?,^*!!!^ ""'
will show how liitle attention has in some instances been paid to placing them aruyt^uw'n. ' °'*
on good land, and the prosperity of those in the Bytown District shows
how different has been the result when the quality of the soil favoured their
exertions. It must always be kept in view that the great expense of land in
Canada is, not so much its original purchase, as the subsequent operations,
particularly fencing and cutting roads and communications. This must be
done at equal cost and labour, whether the land be good or bad. To give,
therefore, to a poor man land of bad or indifferent quality, is worse than if he were
left without any grant at all, as it requires some resolution to abandon it after
much labour, even though he find himself wasting his energies on that which is
never likely to yield him a profitable return.

* I And a itrong corroboration of thete opinion* in the Transactions of the Highland Agricul-
tural Society uf Scotland for March last, page 357, in which the evil consequences of settlers in Amc-
rica having too much land are forcibly pointed out and comtncnted on.

V — "•

Difficulties of set-
tling the peniionera
in Canada if large
quantities of land
were necetiary.

Prices asked for
land at Toronto.

Military reserves
availabie.

I have already pointed ovt several places in the course of my inspection,
where the only pensioners I found prospering were those who had the good sense
to abandon the land given them fornouunc, and to obtain either by purchase or
aquattinfi^, a small quantity of better soil, ^t would repay their exertions.

Had large quantities of land been required for the pensioners, it would pro-
bably have been impracticable to carry into effect any general system for their
settlement and organization in Oanada, because, in a mifitary point of view, they
could be of little use if dispersed over remote parts of the country, where alone
extensive lots can now be obtained at a moderate price. In the vicinity of large
towns or places enjoying good water-communication, or any means by which men
could be readily assembled on any emergency, the purchase even of 20 acres
each would amount to more than the whole worth of their pensions, as may be
supposed by the following summary of tenders made to me at Toronto for ground
required for this purpose :

No. of acres
offered for
sale.

400
400
200
800
240

Where situated.

14 miles east of Toronto
16 miles from ditto

19 ditto, east ..

6 „ „

20 miles ; the proprietors, reserving right to a
passage through the ground, and to cut wood
thereon

No. of acres
cleared.

89
300
130
350

100

Rent per
annum for
the whole.

£
250

300

125

1,000

Price for

sale, of the

whole.

. £
3,000

6,000

3,000

20,000 ,

2,000

These sums are no doubt vastly above the ordinary market prices, as is
usually the case in Canada when any land is offered for Government purposes,
but even at the selling prices of the day, the cost would be sufficiently high to
prove a serious obstacle to the settlement of the men in localities, where alone
they would be useful.

Fortunately, however, there exist near most of the large towns, and at all
the important defensive positions, large tracts of land termed Militfuy Reserves,
which appear specially intended for the settlement of old soldiers, though not
hitherto applied to that purpose.

At Kingston, Bytown, Toronto, Hamilton, Niagara, Chippewa, Fort Erie,
London, Chatham, Saniia, Amherstburg, Windsor, and severed other important
stations more particularly specified in abstract No. 6 of Appendix, are reserves
of this description, extending in some cases to upwards of 1000 acres, for the
most part clear of wood, with good soil, in the immediate vicinity of towns,, and
possessing every requisite for the settlement of pensioners on small allotments.
At present they are a great obstacle to local improvements, being left quite
waste, and if not speedily made use of, are likely all to pass into the possession of
squatters or other lawless occupiers, who have already seized upon portions of
them, of which they will not be easily dispossessed.

The only reason so far as I could learn, why these reserves have not been made
use of, is the probability of the Government requiring some portion of them for
the erection of barracks, forts, and other buildings of a military nature; but as
the day hos passed away when there is likely to be any great expenditure for
works of that description, in the colony, there seems little use in keeping ground
unoccupied in the anticipation of an event which may never occur, mor^ ^'spe-
cially as pensioners would gladly take the use of the land in the meantimit re-
serving to the Government the right of resumption at any period when wanted
for military purposes, on payment of a moderate amount for improvements.

Having already gone fully into detail on this subject in my communication
of November last, it appears unnecessary to do more at present than refer
thus generally to the importance of obtaining these reserves, and to state
the plan I propose for settling the pensioners thereon.

►

<»■»-.

■"-■■inminpiiiii..

aU
rves,
not

ition
■efer
itate

■T -^ =-..-- -»

"■*»

^ -S ♦

In the vicinity of large towns, such as KiiijptoQ and Toronto, where the Proposed arrange.
reserves are well adapted for the raising of garden {Nroduce, and can be brought "^|*of pMiion
into a high state of cultivation by the facUity <>f obtaining manure, I would in Canada/ "*"
propose to give each pensioner an allotment of 3 acres, provided the soil be good ;
where it is mdifferent, the quantity to be increased to 3 or 4, but never to exceed
the lattor extent in these suburban allotments. Corporals to have one and
segeants two acres additional.

The men to be selected from pensioners in this country, of g-ood character,
accustomed to agricultural pursnite, not exceeding 45 years of bge, and with a
pension of not less than lOd. a day, who shall receive a free passage to Upper
Canada for themselves and their families, on condition of serving in a local
company to be formed in these towns. To these might with advantage be
added a few of the youngest pensioners, who cannot find employment in the
Lower Province, as also any good men about to be discharged to pension from
regiments in Canada, who have acquired a sufficient knowledge of that country
to be useful in assisting the others.

The reserves both at Toronto and Kingston are sufficiently large to admit
of one good company being thus located at each, to which if those now resident
and employed in these towns be added, 2 companies would be completed at
Elingston, and 3 at Toronto.

At London, the reserve would only admit of the location of a small number
not exceeding 25, but plenty of land could be had within a few miles of that
town, at a moiderate rate, for the remainder of a company ; and some of the
other reserves which are most remote, and least likely to be required either for
the settlement of pensioners or any military purpose, might be sold or given in
, exchange for the price.

TUs company, with the numbers already available at London, would form Strength of local
3 companies, making in all a battalion of 8 companies between Kingston, ^""Ynlsed'
Toronto, and London, at each of which places I would propose to appoint one **'^"°"
staff officer of pensioners ; and that as regards payment of pension the whole of
the Upper Province from Kingston should be divided between them into
districts, so as to relieve the Commissariat of that duty, the pensioners in the
Lower Province, where circumstances are not so favourable for a military
organisation, remaining as at present, or being placed under one officer merely
for superintendence and payment.

To avoid embarrassment by undertaking too much at once, I would propose
for the first year at least, to do nothing in regard to the other reserves beyond
locating therein a non-commissioned officer, and two or three privates with
instructions to preserve the boundaries and warn off all trespassers, till
arrangements are completed for dividing them among the proposed force.

To enable pensioners located on reserves f build houses for themselves
I would propose that the staff-officer be authorized to advance each man one
year's pension, to be repaid by instalments in four years. The houses will be
good security for repayment, and the officer can be instructed to see that the
money is laid out in no other way.

There can be no difficulty in making such repayments when the men
have in addition to their pension and the produce of their land, a free house
sufficiently near a town to admit of obtaining occasional employment for
themselves and families, and all the necessaries of life at half the usual cost in
this kingdom.

In consideration of their receiving free grants of land, I would propose to Provision in caae of
give the pensioners no annual enrolment money, so that every allotment of ^eeea»e of pen-
this reserve would save Government the II. per annum usually granted to each •"*°*'"-
enrolled pensioner.

I*^ would remain a matter for future adjustment whether in the event of
death the laud and cottage should devolve oi the pensioner's family, or should
be given up to the successor in the locial company on his paying to the heirs
of the deceased one year's pension, to be stopped from him by instalments
extending over four years in the same way as the original advance.

If the settlements of the pensioners at these three towns proved successful,
one officer might be sent in the following year to Amherstburg, another to
Niagara, and a third to Bytown, all on second-cla.ss allowances, to occupy the
reserves at and in the vicinity of these places, taking with them at least one
comimny eacb, of well-selected pensioners, to whom additional numbers might be

F 2

*■'■«!
I'

added in subaequent yeu^ in the SAme way till a battalion of 6 companies was
completed in <f%cli of the three greai; divisions originally formed at London^
Toronto, and Kingston. This, I have no doubt, could easily be done, and the
force kept up from the number of soldiers discharged in the colony.

The Canadian Ri&es alono must soon discharge &om 150 to 200 annuaUy,
their time of service being complete, and an equal number at least may be
expected from other corps serving in the country. If some s;, stem of organiz-
ation of this kind be not attempted, the whole of the military services of these
men after discharge will be lost, and whUst our pensioners in Canada will have
no means of obtaming land within a moderate distance of the large towns, the
reserve which might now m made available for them will gradualfy become the
property of the squatteic ^nd fi^j^c^i^^ proprietors who are encroaching thereon.

Adverting also to the circumstance that in the course of a few years the
operation of the limited enlistment bill will set free many hundreds of men
annually in that country alter completing their ten years' service, it appears a
mse measure to have in operation such a system as that now proposed, under
which they will probably be induced to settle down in one of these districts with
their former comrades, instead of being tempted, as otherwise they might no
doubt be, to cross to the United States, and add to the military power of another
and rival nation, instead of increasing our own.

But another and an equally important reason for placing the pension-
ers in Canada under the superintendence of staff officers, as in this country, is
to be found in the number of pensioners unaccounted for at the termination of
the inspection, as shown in the following summary :•—

Chelsea
Ponsioners.

Commuted
Pensioners.

Number reimrted to me by War OiBce as in receipt of pensions
in Canada wben I went out . .

Number who appeared for inspection

1,949
1,781

690
58 J

Number who failed to appev • •

288

10,5

♦-^ ♦

/..

Of the number who failed to appear, the following
have beon thus accounted for : —

Reported dead or supposed dead

Pension expired . . . . . .

Transferred to Canada, but died before receiving payment there

Transierred to F^gland

Erroneously entered in list of men in Canada

Remaining unaccounted for

Totsl as above

140
6

25
6
5

its*

105

These results will not be found to correspond exactly with those in the
earlier part of this Report, because, in order to reduce the numbers absent and
unaccounted for within the narrowest limits, I have entered, as having appeared
for inspection, all who, since my departure, presented themsdves before the Com-
missariat officers in Canada, and satisfactorily explained the cause of their
absence at the proper period. Yet, exclusive of these, 47 Chelsea and 50 Com-
muted pensioners are still absent after a lapse :,2 twdve months.

''' -i', ;i»=:i-it

/ ^

»7

The following summary shows the districts to which these absentees
belonged: —

Chelsea Pensioners.

Commuted Pensioners.

Total

Inspected.

Absent and

unaccounted

for.

Inspected.

AbscM;and

unaccounted

for.

Absent and

unaccounted

for.

Toronto

486

188

Montreal

220

Quebec

137

Kingston

156

Bytown

192

Prescott

••

St. John's , . . ,

London

224

Amherstburg . .

William Henry

••

Niagara

••

Penetanguishene

••

1,721

585

Of these absentees it wUl be seen that there are from Toronto and Mon-
treal alone,

Of Chelsea Per^ioners, 37 out of 706, or 1 in 19.
Of Commuted „ 30 „ 277, or J in 9.

While throughout all the rest of the districts the proportion is.

Of Chelsea Pensioners, 10 out of 1,015, or I in 101.
Of Commuted „ 20 out of 304, or 1 in 15.

No person could give me any expknation why there should have been so
many absentees, particularly from these two stations ; most of them had been
paid by the Commissariat oflScers for several quarters, and in some instances for
several years. Every possible inquiry was made by me through that Depart-
ment, as well as among the pensioners and others who were likely to have been
acquairitcd with them, but without success, and they have never appeared to
claim pension since I left the country. A sufficient number has ah-cady been
reported dead, or supposed dead, to make the mortality, even without including
these absentees, quite as high as is likely to have occurred, so that 1 feci at a
loss to oflFer any conjectures regarding their disappearance ; I can only state the
fact as evidence of the necessity for a more strict system of superintendence in
future, and suggest that no further issue of pension should be made in
the names of these men till the claimants furnish satisfactory evidence that
they are really the individuals to whom the pension war. originally granted,
and with a view to the necessary communications being made to this effect
I annex a list of the pensioners, with their regiments and rates, in No. 7 of
Appendix.

(Signed) J. D. G. TULLOCH,

Captain and Staff Officer of Pensioners.

APPENDIX.

;^-»

No. 1.

Showing the Comparative Sickneu canted by Fever, and all other Diaeaict, among the Troopi at
Amhentburg, Canada Wett, in teven yean; via., from Jaly 1849, to June 1849.

Admiiiion {W>m

Average

Fever.

Caieaof

Fever
per cent.

of
strength.

Deaths
from

Invalided

from
effevttof

Admiisiona

from

all other

Deatha

from

all other

Year.

1 oi

Remarks.

strength.

1^1

1(2

Fever.

Diseases.

fa «

1843-S

342

3-3

1»

117

• Admitted for
aguo, but died of

1843-4

369

■•

0-7

103

dgUriunt trenuiu.

1844-6

271

121

A laige proportion
of the casea of In-

1845-6

267

5*3

118

termittent Fever
were not indigenous ;
•.«.themenhadhad

1846-7

272

7-3

207

the disease before in

1847-8

159

10-6

168

the West ladies, or
in other parts of the

1848-9

115

6-0

109

provmce.

The Cottlmiud
Ftttr* were mostly

Average.

243

4-4

14-4

6-9

0-14

131

the effects of drunk-
enness.

(Signed)

P. MACLAGAN, M.D.

■V

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trt

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n
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dry
■ss ® ^ 2 S '^

. o> •» <o * "W •

••-' -^ - o •• *
<— c*

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r« >M M o> ^ e>

<o e» 00 X us *

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1

4S 2 2 * « 8

M (O O >^ W CO

Ok n >o >~ r» m

<0 T O O CI o
<e a> o a> 00 •»

04 n ei c«

- ^ ■ ^

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e« M ,1. M

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e» — ,M «

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■-• CI r>> «s

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»l 84 C4 ei

s % s

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g 5 S s

M M M M

■*5S 11 fi 2

f^ ^^ PM P-

s ^ »

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>-< e» IN e«

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C* M -^ 1^

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ei « M n

00 cq' t« ^

i^ 9 »< CO ra

P<4 pH |i4 *M

s ^ s

10 t^ lO lO

ei 00 r> ?«

K
O

1 1 J 1 i f

1 J g ^ 3 1

^ £ a

Port Cobinson

Stone Bridge

Chippewa

London

Amherstburg

Penetanguisheoe

No. 4.

Showimo the A|>riettltural Population of Upper Canada, and areraM quantity of Land broogbt
under cultivation bv each for the year 1846, compared with the quantity brought under
cultiTAtion by Peniionert.

Diitricti.

Population

notreiident

in towni.

Headi of
familiei.

Acrei under
cultivation.

Average.

Groii

proportion
ofdiitricti.

Bathurtt

Brock

Colbourno

Dalhouaie

Eaitern

Gore

Homo

Huron

Johnitown

London

Midland

Newcaitle

Niagara

Ottawa

•Simcoe

Talbot

Victoria

•Vellington

Weitom

•Prince Edward

99,448
29,319
19,473
19,345
37,199
53,690
83,499
90,450
39,919
41,953
36,930
41.895
36,544
10,364
93,050
19,974
20,194
36,865
97, 40
16,462

4,573
4,810
3,334
3,007
4,586
8,341
14,335
3,877
6,&13
5,753
6,360
7,396
6,149
1,580
3,905
3,312
2,495
7,919
4,318
2,458

107,067

105,389

81,360

59,639

111,669

339,966

864,814

61,894

138,948

178,569

145,35 4

903,909

169,104

96,907

75,869

93,843

89,360

131,345

83,816

104,549

94*

19*

93i

97i

95*

151

99|

161

191

181

191

99,448
99,919
91,379
96,590
38,653
67,671
106,995
90,450
43,466
46,547
45,999
47,433
43,095
10,364
33,050
19,974

93,i.->:

36,866
97,440
16,021

a
a

a
9

642,329

104,340

9,546,995

944

793,992

■t^ * -i=:.»

Rural population, aa above

City

Incorporated towni

649,329
41,761
39,202

Actual population, total 723,292

Of the above 1 04,340, fully 20 per cent, are nirchanio and others non-produccn of grain, which
will make the average about 30|^ acrei. N.R. In the diitrict marked (a), whoie towns are included,
the average is imall.

(Signed) W. C. CROFTON.

Quantity of Land brought under cultivation by Pensioners in Upper Canada, to be compared with

the above.

Nnmber ol
pensioners
inspected.

Of whom
there are
iiviiig in the
towns and
■nbnrbs.

Remainder

resident in the

country, and

mostly employed

in agricultural

pursuits.

Nnmber of acres

in possession

of country

Pansioners.

Number of
acres under
cultivation.

Average
number of

acres in
possession.

Average

number of

acrea

cleared.

Toronto

481

212

269

15,624J

5,415

6Wl

2(W»

Penetanguishcne

7,206i

1.288i

85{^

15K

London

264

127

137

9,018

2,634

65AV

IStVt

Amherstburg . .

1,627

401

49H

12Vt

Niagara

1,510

778

30IS

15|*

Kingston

193

O-l

2,473i

819}

26H

Bytown

205

157

17,431}

5,916}

iiom

37in

Total

1,.382

558

824

54,891

17,252}

66m

20H1

No. 5.

PaifdoiiiBt in Canada holding the appointment of MagiitratMi or Cemmiiiioni in
the Militia Force.

Regiment

Rate.

Name.

Rank.

District in which
raaident.

19th Veteran

f. d.
6

John Langworth

Magistrate, also colonel
of militia (see below)

London

7th Foot . .

William Brook

Magistrate, alto major
of militia (see below)

Bytown

«7th Foot . .

Peter Maher..

Magistrate . .

Montreal

Driven

Henry Airth . .

Magistrate and captain
of militia
Ditto

Bytown

Ath Batt. Artillerr

Duncan McKeniie . .

London

7th Batt. Artillery

1 10

Henry Hanoa

Ditto

Bytown

19th Veteran

John Lan^orth

Colonel of militia

London

69th Foot . .

9 Oi

John Arthun. .

Major of militia

London

Glennry Fenoiblet. .
7th Foot ..

1 6

Alexander Matheton..

Ditto

Bytown

William Brook

Ditto

London

Sappen . .

WiUiam Mandell

Ditto

Kingston

19th Di .,^n*

Ephraim Harper

Captain of militia ..

Bytown

11th Foot ..

JohnMcCall..

Ditto

Toronto

lit Foot

David Thompson

Ditto

Niagara

8th Foot . .

1 10

John Donahoe

Ditto

Bytown

98th Foot . .

Richard Irwin

Ditto

London

91itFoot ..

9 3

David McPherson . .

Ditto

London

99th Foot . .

0- S

Garrett FiUgcrald ..

Ditto

Bytown

lit Batt. Artillery. .

1 4

Donald Mcintosh . .

Ditto

Bytown

8th Batt. Artillery. .

Duncan McKeniie . .

Ditto

London

7th Batt. Artillery. .

1 10

Henry Hanna . .

Ditto

Bytown

Driven

William Moore

Ditto

Bytown

Happen

1 9

Joseph Coombs

Ditto

Bytown

7th Veteran Batt. . .

Anthony Wiseman . .

Ditto

Bytown

Fenciblet

William Matheson . .

Ditto

Perth

Driven

Henry Airth . .

Ditto

Bytown

S8th Foot . .

George Ross . .

Ditto

Toronto

15th Foot . .

9 9

Daniel Callighan

Lieutenant & Adjutant

Kingston

aSndFoot ..

1 8

Thomas Reeks

Ditto

London

38th Foot . .

William Kiernan

Ditto

Bytown

S4thFoot ..

1 10|

Thomas Stubbing

Ditto

London

66th Foot . .

2 Oi

Thomas Brownley . .

Ditto

Kingston

76th Foot . .

1 8

Richard Hescott

Ditto

Niagara

9 1 St Foot ..

9 3

.John Walker..

Ditto

London

aSrd Foot . .

2 04

James Lince . .

Ditto

Toronto

11th Foot ..

William McCoUoagh..

Ditto

Toronto

93rd Foot . .

George Ross . .

Taeutenant . .

Bytowu

99th Foot . .

Andrew Spearman . .
William Vaughan . .

Ditto

Bytown

99th Foot . .

Lieut.&Quarter-master

Bytown

103rd Foot..

William Watson

Ditto

Bytown

Sappen and Minen. .

1 10^

John Johnstone

Ditto

Bytown

13th Foot ..

•■

Joseph Cormack

Ditto

Niagara

No. 6.

Showimo the Military RMtrvM in Cuuda W«rt, with the Estrat of M«b, u ht

in tlM tbtmce of Mtual Surrty.

u «•■ b« UMHtintd

Situation.

Extant

•

Remarks.

Ansa 1

pwda

polaa.

SlI

Boil Biaae bUnd

919

Chatliam

Windwr

Point Edward Sarmia. .

Rond Ban .

300

•

CliarlottTillo (T«riM7 Ptdnt) . .

Not knowa.

London

Toronto . . . •

344

PonetanguiihuM

WI84

Hamilton

178

Niagara

479

Qoeenitown . .

176

CItippewa ..

Lyons Creoli

Fort Erie ..

1.900

Kingston ..

•84

Cedar Island

139

90-99

Snal(e Island

Kiugston MilJ«

leo

Grant's Islasi

Prewott

Bytown

Nottawaiaga

«6

*!♦

P <

(«N»w*)

J'. BLLierr, o. s.

4ft

No. 7.

Smowiro Um Chaltu ■nd Comnutcd PMuionert tbimt firora the Inipeetioni in Cuud* In 1849,
•nd who hart not applied for Paniion to thii data.

*"■•

Chatiaa Penaionera.

Commuted IVnsionera.

RagimeAt.

Rata.

Nam*.

Regiment.

Name.

«. d.

MonlrttU.

Montr*al,

Rfontrtaf,

9nd DracpoM OiMla

William Winter

C9thFoot..

William Allen

8rd

Thoraaa Kiffeid

lath Dragoons

Patrick llruen

7th

Michael Dun

30th Foot. .

Peter Coa

11th Faot..

Martin Foy

9th Dragoons

John Fitspatrirk

ISth „ ..

Martin Donohoa

7th Dragoon Guards
Ut Veterans

John Grey
Thomas Harrington

IMi

George MoLemon

a4th

John Monaghan

16th Oragoona

Francis Kearney

9Sth

WiUiamWaak

481k Foot

ArtlMsr KiaaaM

40th

1 H

John McDonald

68th

Jamea Kilday

41it

I 11

John Dell

S8tb

Phtrick LIneahan

43rd

1 a

Thomas Pottit

a«tii

Timothy McCua
John IVfcGarry

AUt

John Havertj

89th „ ..

61it „ ..

John Honn
Patrick Ryan

46th „ ..

Owen Murray

67th

1 6

8Srd

Morto Morianty

70th

Bernard Linnis

Rifle Brigade

Edward Shields

76th

James Keeley

43rd Foot

Michael Tiemey

61tl ....

Jamea Boyd
Michael Hanley

«7th

1 a

9uId II • •

WiUia* Knight

9Ut „ ..

1 10)

Archibald iiia«!«right

9ndGarriaonBatt..

Arthur Wooda

4th Batk ArtOIary. .

John Kallam

7th „ „

John Morris

Toronto.

39nd Foot . .

Bernard Murray

9th Dragoona

John Dunn

43rd

Samuel McLean

and Veterans

John Grindle

Slat ., ..

Thomas Irwin

44th Foot. .

Steven Hogjy

84th

1 1*

Thomas Ruddy

49th „ ..

Patrick Hartigan

«6th

1 3

George Reynold*

100th

William Lang

»8th

James Young

asrd

Henry Mooney

89th „ ..

David Sealer

68th „ ..

Michael McCuo

95th

James Rvan
Edward Moran

77th

John Merry
Thomas O'Neal

99th

Sth Dragoon Guards

Rifle Brigade

John Stevenson

88th Foot. .

Patrick Phelan

lat Foreign Veteran.

Gilles Schaw

81st

James Range

South Mayo Militia

Thomas Weldon

alit „ ..

Samuel Smythe

Drivera

Edward Bracken

52nd „ ..

James Smith

German Legion

Charles Hartye

68th ,

Michael Shea

Quebec.

Qvebtt.

94th Foot ..

Keron Honon

1st Foot ..

David Connell

5th Batt. Artillery..

1 3

Robert Whally

King! ton.

61st „ ..
8th Dragoons
84th Foot. .
79th

Patrick Girvan
Morgan Nowlan
James Oddy
Alexander Sutherland

Kingston.

28rdFoot ..

Lawrence Scanlon

46th Foot..

John Jackson

37th

1 2

Michael Sweeney
Bt/loum.

99th „ ..
Sappers and Miners
C6th Foot. .

John Murphy, 2nd
Daniel Norton
Richard White

Sylown.

99th Foot . .

John Falike

1st Foot . .

George Hosey

No. 7. — {Continued.)

Chelsea Pensioners.

Commuted Pensioners.

Regimrat.

Rate.

Name.

Regiment.

Name.

«.

Si. John'*.

St. John'i.

Inralid Batt. Artillerf

Moses Yamold
London.

20th Foot.

27th

12th, or Veterans .
84th Foot..

88th

7«th

John Bouldon
Isaac Cook
Hugh Clarey
John Dyai
James Goff
Robert JohnstoB

London,

1st East Kent Militia

Jessie Kenward
Amherithurg.

4th Veterans

Thomas Smith
Amherttburf.

61st Foot . .
Canadian Rifles
King'sGennan Legion

DaTid Rnssell
Thomas Powell
George Steingraundt

44th Foot..

64th Foot..
22nd „ ..

Michael Lynch.

Niagara.

Patrick Rogers
William Saunders

NEW BRUNSWICK.

THE comparatiTely small number of pensioners in New Brunswick,
and the vast extent of country over whicn they are scattered, as well
as the difficulty of communication, renders it impossible, under exist-
ing arrangements, to subdivide them either for payment or inspection
into districts and out-stations as in Canada. In illustration of this it may
be stated that, of 122 Chelsea pensioners paid in the province, T6 reside Limited number of
in the principal towns or within five miles of them; the remainder, ^vlnce'compared
amounting only to 46, are scattered over a country nearly equal to with'its eitent.
Ireland in extent, and intersected in every direction by numerous streams
and rivers, extensive lakes, morasses and woods, which in summer cannot
be traversed even on foot, without considerable difficulty, and in winter not
without danger.

The *'imbering trade, which at one time afforded great facilities for
employmtint in this province, led many of the pensioners to a consider*
able distance from the towns, and when that failed, and they had to
betake themselves to agriculture, they generally did so in the remote
parts with which they had become acquamtcd, where land could be pro
cured with facility at a comparatively trifling cost. Their dispersion in
this way throughout the province, has necessarily given rise to certain
peculiarities in the mode of payment which it is necessary to notice before
entering on the usual details.

The principal pay stations are Fredericton the capital, and St. Joim's,
at each of which there is a Commissariat officer, who pays in sterling
money all the pensioners that appear before him. At St. Andrew's, where Pay-stations and
there is no Commissariat officer, a serjeant is employed for the purpose, mode* of payment.
who receives the necessary funds from the Deputy Treasurer of the
province, and forwards to him the declarations and receipts of the pen*
sioners ; but as the issue is generally made to this serjeant in a mixed
currency of provincial notes and French coins, a loss of nearly 5 per cent,
is sustained by them when paid in that medium. Barrack-Serjeant John
Coylc, from 21st Foot, informed me, as an instance, that his quarter's
pension of 9/. Os. 2d., if drawn by him at St. John's in sterling money, was
equivalent to 11/. Us. 2^d. currency at St. Andrew's ; whereas if paid at the
latter town, where he resided, in the mixed currency usually issued to the
pensioners, he would receive only 10/. 16s. 2d.

The difTerence of 9s. on one payment is a sufficient inducement to
many who have no employment, to come to Fredericton and St. John's for
the purpose of drawing their pensions, though residing much nearer
St. Andrew's ; and being thus sometimes paid at one station, sometimes at
another, according as they have leisure or inclination to travel such a
distance, it is difficult to decide to which of the places they may be con-
sidered as really belonging, or to arrange the particulars respecting their

^r'

i !

Mode of negotia-
tiDfir penaion-billg.

Details of inspec-
tion.

efficiency, ieihpldyinent, earnings, &c., with the same minuteness as in the
' Canada report.

The distance at which many of the pensioners reside from the pay-
stations has led also to another system of pajrment in this province similar
to what at one time existed in Ireland. The men sell their pension-receipts,
accompanied by declarations, to the nearest country storekeeper, who uses
them as a mode of remittance to their agents in St. John's or Fredericton,
where they arc paid by the Commissariat officers on being presented.
This, though convenient, as saving some men the trouble of coming from
a distance, leaves them very much at the mercy of the storekeeper, who
allows them to anticipate their pensions by getting into debt, with the
view of obtaining these receipts on his own terms. The more prudent
pensioners, who have ready money to maintain themselves till they get a
fair price for tiiese remittances, assured me that they thus receive nearly
25 per cent, more for their pensions than the improvident.

Nor was it the storekeepers only who took advantage of tee pen-
sioners, for even the local magistrates by whom their pension-pn^ jrs had
to be attested, not unfrequently charged 10 or 15 per cent for getting them
cashed. I found that some of the pensioners also made most improvident
bargains, by which their pensions were virtually conveyed away for a con>
siderable part of their lives. One named Mc Gregor, who had purchased
some land, gave pension-receipts in advance for the price, extending over
several years, which were forwarded for payment,along with the magistrate's
signature to his declaration as they became due. Other instances, equally
irregular, might be adduced if necessary ; and I have no doubt that the
■mall advance made towards independence by most of these pensioners, is
in some measure owing to the facility which this system of payment Las
afforded for anticipating the pension long before it became due.

I commenced my duties in this province on the 25th September, and
within a week or two personally inspected all the pensioners usually paid
at St. John's, St. Andrew- 's, and Fredericton ; but as, owing to the irregu-
larity in the mode of f>ayment before described, it was uncertain to which
station some of the pensioners belonged, I found it necessary to include
all the results regarding them under one head. This, however, appears of
less importance, as there was little difference, so far as I could observe, in
their condition and prospects at any of these stations.

only

The following summary relates to those in agricultural employment

2 can feed their families from produce of their land, and sell from 5/. to 10/. a-year.

4 can feed families and keep a cow, but sell nothing.

8 can only support their families on produce for six months a-year.

3 „ „ for four months a-year.

5 cannot state, having lost their potatoeiL> by rot, and their grain by blight for several
— years past.

This does not afford much encouragement for agricultural settlers in
the province. Those who accepted grants have been particularly unsuc-
cessuil : Some, having arrived late in the season, made tneir selection when
the ground was covered with snow, and on its clearing away in the
summer, found their grant to consist of little else than a mass of
" rock ; in other cases the grants being fifteen miles from any neighbour,
and twelve miles from any ruad, tlieir children, when grown up, would not
remain with them, but went to seek employment in the United States.
This led to the grants being abandoned, and is one reason why the pro-
portion of pensioners in agricultural employment is so small in this pro-
vince. In several instances, after selling their grants, they rented small
allotments near some of the towns, on which, with the assistance of their
children, they managed to keep a cow and a few sheep, and to raise at
much |>ro(luce as supported their families; but none of them are making
any progress towards independence.

The folioiviDg is a statement of the occupation and earnings or those
who do not follow agricultural pursuits ; they appear not to have been
much more prosperous than the others : —

9 an in OoTemment employ, at from 1«. to 2«. 6d. »-day.

1 in a ship's steward, at 22/. a-jear and diet.

1 a store clerk, at 15«. a-week.

1 a derk of court, at 701. a>year.

1 a cook, at 24/. »-year.

1 a musician, earning 20/. a-year.

1 a tailor, earning 20/. a-year.

1 a carpenter, earning 20/. a-year.

1 a schoolmaster, earning 14/. a-year.

5 grocers, earning 5/. to 20/. a-year each.
1 weaver, earning 5/. a-year.

1 harness-maker, earning 15/. a-year. ' \

3 hawkers, eanihg 5/. a-year each.

1 servant, at 1!2«. B</. a-month and board,

1 groom, at 12/. a>year.

6 hbourars, at 20J. a-year.

5 „ at 10/, to 15/. a-year.
S „ at 6/. a-year.

4 employed oniy three months a-year at fW>m 2«. to S«. a-day.

2 give labour for board.

23 cannot find re^nilar employment.
10 unable to wor'i,

80 total.

It will be observed that in some cases the wages above stated are,
during a part of the year, from 2«. to Ss. sterling a-day. which appears
r\ 'e than in Canada., These rates, however, are not paid in money, but
Ip. " <^ ;oods, charged considerably above the market price, so that a
d- diution mqst be made on that account in any comparison with the rates
Oi n agtsB where no such system prevails.

Th& above summary is sufficient to show that for those who have no
other resource but day-labour, the prospects are very unpromising indeed,
as of 43 able to work only 11 earn above 10/. a-year, 9 earn considerably
under that rate, and 23 can find no employment whatever. Indeed, this Want of employ-
class of pensioners have difficulties equally great to contend with in meat,
obtaining employment as at home, especitulv as they are not well
adapted for tne heavy work most in demand at St. John's and St.
Andrew's, such as loading and unloading vessels, which requires a
younger and more active class. At Fredericton there is very little for
clay-labourers to do, except during seed-time and harvest.

There are two out-stations, Woodstock and Grandfalls, situated on Woodstock and
the St. John's, the former 70 and the latter nearly 140 miles above Grandfalli.
Fredericton. Though the access is easy by water, I found that time would
not admit of my visiting them, and completing my other duties, before
the season for travelling was over. I was therefore under the necessity
of devolving the inspection on Captain Hayne, late of the Royal Staff
CJorps, who visited each of the stations, and identified the men by the
information with which I furnished him, and, from his report, I learn that
he found them generally in a more prosperous condition than those I had
inspected in other parts of the province, as will be seen from the following
summary : —

. . 1 a miller, earned 4s, a-day.

3 labourers, earned S». to 12«. a-week.

I carpenter, earned 9*. a-week.

1 shoemaker, earned 9g. a-week.

8 farmed erants from Government of 100 acres each.

.1 had sold their grants and rented land.

a no information received.

{ •

■i •

I.- i

1 i

Oifieultiet settlen
have to contend
with.

Agcfl.

(ImuU. of inspec-
tion.

'• The Mrniogs' of those emfdoyed in i^iriculfeure were not given by
himj hut ne sleted gfi«mdiy that: iliiiqr< were iiioiag: wall >ii.4hat two of
them were officerB of militia; — that 'iheiianbsflDfitworor three atfaeca were
in very good order, and that th^y wen^ m.^ch Jeep^tfd in the country.

I understand that the soil at thea^ stations. i» good, and that the
proximity of the river afibrds considerable facilities for disposing of
produce, which has no dorbt materially oooSributed to the success of the

Eensioners settled there. The timber in that vioinll^ is also said to
ave been valuable, and a source bf Gomid,erable profit to those who
cleared it. '

With the exception of those two out*stations, my information as to
which was nut founded on personal observivtion, there is nothing that I
have seen fn tliis province which would induce me to suppose it a favour-
able place for the settlement of old soldiers^. Th^ all complain of the
seventy of the clir.;ate, of the long winter vi^tich interferes with their
obtaining regular employment, ' and of 'the tibissjtndes in the crops,
which, p.irticularly of late years, has prevented their reckoning with any
degT'fj .t certainty on a proper return for their labour and expenditure.
Therj appears no object to be gained by exposing them to these
difficalties, when other localities can be' found equally well adapted for
their settlement, and where they will have no sueh obstacles to encounter
in earning a livelihood. Even the priceof provisions in the province holds
out no iniucement to settle there; for, when I left New Brunswick,
the cont'/tict price of meat averaged from 2^. to 2^. per pound, and of
brcdd, i'rom l^^d. to \\4., being', in the aggregate, higher than at some of
^b0 stitions in Ireland at tiie ti'joe of my return to this country.

. it would appear almost impossible, too, owing to the distance at
whic^ yhe . pensioners reside from each other, to make them available
fbr Any mtlitary organi'/ation ; and the following summary of their
aglQ.j showts ths£ it.^' number fit for such a purpose, even if they could
an be assembled, is very limited indeed :

A|re8 not Total
Under 40 40 to 45 4fi to 50 50 to 55 5S to 60 Above 60 itated Ag«i

2 24 10 8 13 62 3 122

Thus more than one-half are above 60 years of age, and the greater
proportion of these are verging on 70. When allowance is made for the
number unfit to bear arms Again, in consequence of wounds and infir-
mities, there are fdund to be in the whole province only—

34 fit for Service in tucffl companies.
26 fit for reserve. \n6
62 are totvUy uniit.

122

, . The following abstract shows that comparatively few of the pen-
sioners have been unaccounted for, notwithstanding the remoteness of the
localities in wfcich they reside, and the difficulty of access to them in this
province ;

The total number borne on the War Office books, as in receipt of pension, was 151
Of whom there appeared for inspection - - — -122

Reported dead, or supposed dead - - - - - 9

Inspected in other districts to which they had removed • - 9

Erroneously entered in War Office list - - - - 3

Identified since completion of Report ..... 2
Unaccounted for ....... 6 — 151

Commuted pen-
sionen.

Of commuted pensioners, 29 appeared for inspection throughout the
whole province. One of them was a cook, another a baker, each earning
barely sufficient, with their pension, to provide for their sulraistcnce. One
was employed in a clothing store at las. a-weck ; two made fromS^ to 10/.
a-yea ' each as hawkers of goods : one was a schoolmaster, at 14/. a-year ;

and four were labourers in partial employment, averagin j from 1(M. to 12/.
Jl-vear each ; another earned a lilce amount as a harness-mrJcer ; nearly
all the rest had obtained grants of land, on which they appeamd to M
doing better than those of the same class in Lower Canada, principally, I
believe, because they were younger men, and more capable of exertion ;
but in no case could they entirely support themselves and their families.
Their ages are as follows :

46 to 60

50 to 66

56 to 60
9

AboT«60

ToUl

Of these, one only was fit for local company's service, and but nine could
be reckoned on for reserve.

The commuted pensioners absent from the inspection and unaccounted
for cannot be stated for this province separately, because the War Office
Return included together all of that class in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia,
and Prince Edward's Island, as hereafter referred to.

NOVA SCOTIA.

IN this province it has been the practice to pay personally, at Halifax,
all pensioners who choose to appear before the Commissariat officer there,
without reference to the distance at vhich they may bs residing from that
capital. Those in remote stations, to whom this arrangement would
be inconvenient, are settled with, as in New Brunswick, through the medium
of the merchants or shopkeepers in their vicinity, who give cash for their Mode of payment.

Sension-receipts and transmit them to Halifax, where they are paid by the
ommissariat. This practice is subiect to the same disadvantages as
were before adverted to in the New Brunswick Report ; but it anords a
facility for assembling the men for inspection, which m the present instance
proved very useful.

No intimation having been sent from England o( my intended inspec-
tion in this province, I lound on my arrival, that nothing had been done
towards assembling the pensioners, and as many of them were residing
in very remote parts, and their precise address unknown to the Commis-
sariat officers, there was no likelihood of notices reaching them, if forwarded
in the ordinary way. Having learnt, however, that most of them were
indebted to the shopkeepers who cashed their receipts, and that the latter
looked to the next quarter's pension for repayment, I caused notice to be
given, that unless the pensioners appeared at certain places where I would
attend for tlic purpose of inspecting them,^ their pensions would be with-
held. The shopkeepers, for their own interest, used every exertion to
bring up at the proper time the pensioners, in whose appearance they were
thus interested; and a greater degree of regularity was observed in
their attendance on this occasion, than had ever before been attained when
assembled by notices in the ordinary way.

Leaving the pensioners in the town of Halifax and its vicinity to be Out-Matiom.
identified after my return, I proceeded, in the first instance, by a good
road to Chester, about forty-five miles west of Halifax. At that town, Chester,
and on the way to it, I inspected 37 pensioners, most of whom had
settled, about thirty years ago, in the adjacent townships of Dalhousie Ualhouiie, and
and Sherbrooke. At the time when these were formed it was the .sberbrooU.
intention of Government to make a main road from Halifax to Anna-
polis, through Chester, and a considerable number of old soldiers, dis-
charged in the colony, were accordingly settled on both sides of the
proposed line, which at the time was considered a promising locality, but
the opening of the road being ultimately abaiidoned, they were left in
the midst of a wilderness without the means of communication, which
alone could render their grants of any value. The soil in some cases was
admitted to be good, but the majority complained that the ground was
too rocky to be of any use; ond that, owing to the want of proper roads,
even when they did succeed in raisting grain, it scarcely paid the expense
of conveyance to market. Tliey, however, had managed to obtain sulfi.
cient for the subsistence of themselven and their families, till of lute years
when the wheat suffered so much from blight, early frost and insects,
and the potatoes from the rot, that most of them gave up all attempts to

Difleulljr of keep-
ing itock in winter.

! ?

Wiiidtor.

Jforton.

raiae ffrain, and supported themselves by keeping a cow and a few sheep ;
even this resource failed them in the summer previous to my inspection,
as hay became so scarce that their cattle riiid sheep could not oe sup-
ported, except at an enormous expense; and '\n some cases which came
under my own observation, half of the stock had been given as a recom-
pense for supporting the other half throughout the winter.

Such a succession of adverse circumstances of course materially
affected the condition of all classes, but particularly of those old soldiers
who had little capital to carry them through a period of distress; and
it must therefore be borne in mind, that the occasion on which I made
my inspection was a very unfavourable one for obtaining any evidence of
their success.

The following is a summary of the condition of those whom I
inspected at Chester, belonging to that station, Dalhousie and Sherbrooke:

1 makes about 15/. a-year by farming.

• >» » 101. „ „

* >» » '•• » »

4 can support their family but make nothing in addition.

6 cannot get from their ground as much as will completely support their funiliea.

1 gets as much as will support his family for nine months in each year.
6 as much as will support them for six months.

4 as much as will support them for three months.

2 give pension for board.

4 are squatting on land, and can hnd .o employment-

4 are unable to work.

1 ia a schoolmaster 20/. a-year.

9 are making shingles and labouring, and earn from lOl. to 15/. a-year.

Most of these men assured me that till the misfortunes before
alluded to, they had been able to support their families on their grants,
and to saVe a few pounds annually i but the last five or six years appear
to have been particularly adverse to all farming operations in this vicinity ;
and though tlie crop throughout the country at the time of my visit was
likely to b6 plentiful, few oi the pensioners would profit by it, as a great
part of their land was left u'.isown, in con£:<tquence of their repeated failures
m former years.

The appetirance of these pensioners, with the exception of four or
five very old men who were unaole to work, was not, however, indicative
of very great privation, nor had they, notwithstanding their losses,
suffered to such an extent as those in Lower Canada. Under more
favourable circumstances there is every reason to believe that they might
at least have earned a fair subsistence for themselves and families.

It was my intention to have proceeded front Chester, through the
Sherbrooke and Dalhousie settlements, to Annapolis, which in a direct
line is only a distance of about forty miled ; bat finding this route imprac-
ticable for a wheeled conveyance, I had to return to Halifax and proceed
by way of Windsor, Hortoii, Kentville, and Bridgetown, occasioning a
detour of nearly 200 miles.

The land about Windsor, though forty-five miles from Halifax, is
exceedingly valuable. Owing to its situation on the btunks of the Avon,
it is fertilized by the influence of the tide, which leave* suCh 4 deposit
of mud on the low groumis as to admit of several rich crops of grass being
raised in the course of the year. At the time of my visit some of this
land was considered tci have men sold cheap at 35/. an acrt. Siich a price
is of course much beyond tho means of pensioners, and has presented an
obstacle to their settling as agriculturists^ though the station has many
advantages. ' >

I found only 3 pensioners residing there, one a Barnttik-Serjeilnt,
another a groom earning 10«. a-week, a third, a labourer wh6 found emi^oy-
ment during half the year at 2s. a-day. Were it considered of any aclvati-
tage to settle more pensioners, there is a sinall military resetrve of twenty-
eight acres near the town and at present tet for 12«. an acre, which might
be available in small allotments for that purpose,* a«d owing tb the highly
cultivated state of the surrounding country, these men would probably find
employment during a considerable portion of the year as day-labourers.

At Horton, a village twelve miles to the west of Windsor, I found

1 *

. L_

only 3 penBioneni» one was •mploved aa a welUborer, another as a
Ul)qiirer,an4 a tbiitl had jui^ rented lome church l&nd, but as yet could
npt say hoyy l^q was likely to succeed on it.

M Kentville, another village thirteen miles to the south of Hor- Kmuiiu.
ton* IfS pensioners presented themselves for inspection ; 3 of them had
the advantage of starting with some capital, one having paid 400/.,
aaother SOOf., and a thiralOO/. for his land. Id former years these men
had done very well» but of late had suffered Much from the failure of
their crops ; still they managed vyith the ptoduce of their lahd to feed
their families, and one of them also sold from &/. to 10/. worth in the
course of the year ; another rented a farm, aiul could pay his rent and
support his family. One pensioner farmed on nhares with his son, and
could not say how much hu realized. Another kept a tailor^s shop,
and earned about 10/. a-year ; 4 were occasionally employed as day-
labourers, and earned about a like amount ; ana 2 were unable to
work.

Along the line of road from Windsor to Horton and Kentville, land
sells at such high prices as to be almost beyond the reach of pensioners,
which will account lor the small number located there..

At the two villages of Lawrence Town and Bridgetown, distant Lawrence Town
respectively thirty-eight and forty-five miles from the last station, 9 pen- and Bridgetown,
sioners appeared before me, 3 of'^ these were engaged in farming opera-
tions, and raised as much produce as supportecT their families ; 1 was a
shopkeeper makjng 30/. a-year ; 3 were day-labourers, who found employ-
ment for six montns in the year ; 2 were unable to work, and resided
with their children.

At Annapolis, about fifteen miles further, which was the next station Annapolii.
I visited, the land is much of the same description as around Windsor
and Horton, and being valuable, rarely passes ifito the hands of pen*
sioners, except in small allotments. Here and in the adjacent village
of Digby 10 pensioners reside, 3 of them had been able^ to purchase
from two to five acres each, which served to feed their cows and a few
pigs, besides raising a little garden-produce ; these tSf^n were doing
very well, supporting their families respectably, and ha;'ing a small
surplus. Another pensioner, formerly the barrack-seijeant, had expended
700/. in purchasine^ a farm of 300 acres, from which he could feed his
family and realize between 50/. and 100/ a-ypar. Another D>adi> 40/. by
carpentering and farming; and one had paid 60/. for land, buc as yet
could not raise as much as would feed his family. One was a tailor,
making about 10/. a-year ; another, a wood-dealer, by which he realized
30/. a-year ; and a third was unable to work. The barrack-master of the
station was also a pensioner.

Six pensioners also presented themselves from the Dalhousie station,
who had omitted to come into Chester. Of those, 3 stated that with
all tiieir exertions thev could only obtain as much from their grants as
supported their famih'es for six months in the year, and 3 had sold their
grants, being unable to make anything of them, and were looking about
for work.

At Annapolis there is an ordnance reserve, which might be made Ordmnce rnerve.
available for the settlement of a few pensioners. It is let at present at
15«. an acre,, and appears very good land. There is also a small reserve
at Digby. Judging from the condition of those who had purchased
allotments, there is little doubt of pensioners doing well if they could be
located here with two or three acres to each.

Considering the advanced ages of the men at the several out-stations
recently described, and their distance from each other, I see no likelihood
of their ever being available for any purpose of military organization.
The whole number at the different out-stations, includmg Truro and
Pictou hereafter referred to, did not exceed 99, of whom the ages were
respectively as follows : —

45 to SO
1

60 to 55
1

56 to 60

60 to 65

65 to 70

70 to 80

above 80

Agef.

Thus it appears that of the whole, no more than two are under

Halifkt.

fifty-five, being the maxiinam age for enrolment in local companiei ; and
aa comparatively few young pensioners now settle at these out-stations,
and those who have done so would gladly remove on the first opportunity,
their numbers will in all probability rapidly decrease. The only super-
intendence that appears to be ".anted in regard to them is, that the^*
should be visited occasionally by an officer, in order to establish their
identity, and to prevent any abuses from becoming prevalent in the mode
of payment. It would also be expedient, for the convenience of the men, to
increase the pay-stations so as to prevent their having to travel such
distances.

On my return from Annapolis, 1 inspected the pensioners in Halifax
and its immediate vicinity, of whom I found several in very comfortable
circumstances, but they were principally men who had been a long time
in the country, and were fortunate in obtaining appointments on first
settling there, when they were procured with greater facility than at
present. Those who arrived within the last few years experience much
difficulty in finding employment, and are discontented with their pros-
pects ; these too are generally the youngest and most efficient class.

Wages are rather higher than in Canada, as will be seen by the
following summary of the earnings of those who came before me : —

26 were employed in Public Department! at from 2«. to 4«. 6d. sterling a-day.

14 as servants from 21. to 3/. a-month and board.
4 shoemakers from 4». to 14«. a-week.

2 tailors, one at 25/., another 45/. a-year.

2 tavern-keepers, one at 35/. a-year, the other uncertain.

I carpenter employed seven months in the year at St. 6d, a-day.

1 mason six months a-year at 4«. a-day.

1 blacksmith 40/. a-year.

1 tinsmith 55/. a-ycar.

2 storekeepers, one 150/., the other 200/. a-year.
I watchmaker 200/. a-year.

I gunmaki r 200/. a-year.
1 nsh-curer KK)/. a-year.

1 fisherman 18/. a-year.

2 schoolmasters, one at 40/., another 30/. a-year.

4 labourers employed at from 1«. 6d. to 2«. a-day, from three to five months a-year.
9 n n ^^ I'- ^<^- to ^'- ^<^- a-day, from sis to seven months a-year.

2 „ „ all the year at 2«. Gd. a-day.

20 anxious for employment and cannot find it,

15 unable to work.

110

Cokt of provisions. The price of provisions at Halifax is very nearly the same as in

this country. The contract rate for meat when I arrived was 2-32d.
|>er lb., and bread \-b\d. per lb., and of course all imported articles of
manufacture and clothing were expensive ; house-rent and fuel too were
higher than in England ; so that even with a slight increase ii. wages,
it is doubtful whether any pensioner emigrating there would materially
improve his condition, unless he could secure permanent employment,
which is difficult, particularly during the winter months.

Of pensioners following agricultural pursuits, there ore very few in
the vicinity of Halifax ; the land available for that purpose is limited
in extent, and can only be obtained at a very high price, the surface is
also in most places so rocky, that it would be of little or no use even if
obtained as a free grunt. Pensioners accustomed to earn their liveli-
' hood by field-labour are not likely, therefore, to find much encourage-

ment in such a place ; those who appeared before me, made the i'ullowing
statements on that head : —

1 by farming and cattle can sell 100/. a-year and feed his familyc.
1 „ „ 501. „ „

* » _ » //• » »

11 raise sufticient to feed family from four to six months a-year.
4 cannot state.

3 are labourers, two made last year about 12/. each, the third only 3/,

4 cannot find employment.

«y

The afftt o( the peniionert whola I inspected in and aronfid Halifax,
are shown in the following Rummary : —

«»to4A

MioSO
17

MtoM

Abort 60.

T<iul.
13S

Agci.

Ot thase there were fit fur Local Company Service

n
w

nptny
fit for RcMrve only
totally anfit

n
as

135

From the above resulU it would, at first sight, appear that nearly as
many are fit as would form a local company of tne usual strength ; but of
these a large proportion are in public employ in the Barrack, Ordnance,
Commissariat, and Customs Departments, from which they could not be
withdrawn, even occasionallv, without the risk of losing their situations ;
and cooaidering that several of the others are in private service, it may be
very doubtful whether the numbers avuilal)Ie, after all the necessary exemp-
tions are granted, would be sufficient to warrant the expense that must
attend their organisation.

1 next proceeded to inspect the pensioners along the line of road to Uut-nationt.
Pictou. 100 miles north-west of Halifax ; the road was good ; but, with the
exception of some cultivated spots on the banks of the Snubenacadie River,
the whole country, especially the first thirty or forty mtles ont of Halifax,
is one of the most unpromising for agriculture I ever travelled, being
either rocky or covered with surface-stone, the removal of which would
cost ev«tt more tktm the clearing of the wood, which shoots up in every
part where there is soil to support it.

Sixty miles from Halifax lies the town of Truro, where 5 pensioners Truro.

{>resented themselves for inspection, all advanced in years, and quite unfit
or any military purpose. Om was above seventy, totally unable to work,
and with ho other means of support but his pension; 2 nearly as ohl
were incapable of any hard labour, but managed with difficulty to keep a
cow and raise sufficient potatoes and vegetables for their own use ; a
fourth had paid 215/. for h farm, on vhich he supported his family, and
sold about M/. a-^'ear from the produce ; and the nfth had purchased a
bouse and one acre of land for 12/., on which lie raised sufficient vege-
tables and potatoes for himself und wife.

FrMB Truro to Pictou the country appears better fitted for agricul- Pictou.
ture, the soil is generally good, and free from surface-stone; but all the
settlers along the line of road carry on their agricultural operations in a
very rough manner. At Pictou, and on the way between it and Truro, I
inspected 14 pensioners, the majority from seventy to ninety years of
age. Four of them were unable to work, and lived solely on their pensions ;
1 merely received his food in return for his labour; 6 of the others
were able to raise sufficient from their land to feed their families, and
in two instances to realize from 5/. to 10/. a-year in addition ; one man
could not do more than this though he bad paid 100/. for his land. The
only person who appeared to have done well was one who rented twenty
acres of good land, from which he realized about SO/, a-year, affording-
another instance of the advantage of pensioners having moderate>sized
farms, even though they pay rent for them, in preference to extensive
grants, for which they have neither labour nor capital.

Along this line of road the pensioners have been very seldom visited
or inspected; some of them stated that they had not seen a Commissariat
officer for eight years. Abuses had in consequence arisen in the mode of
payment ; for instance, I found that the shopkeepers were in the habit of
charging them It. 6d. for filling up their pension-papers, and a like amount
for cashing their receipts, and this even on a commuted pension of 4\d.
per day, biing almost one penny on every shilling received by them.

The only man along this part of the route who came recently
from England, hod formerly been a gamekeeper, and now raises vege-
tables for the market at Pictou, on an acre of land rented by him, and
from which he clears about 5/. a-year; this, with a like amount from
the sale of game, is the utmost he has ever been able to realize since his

Cummulril |i«n-
•ioni*r<i.

arrival; he find* hii condition much deteriorated by emigration, and
regrets having come to the country.

There a<T onty 3 commuted pentionen nettled on this part of the
route, 2 are living in miserable huts on land where they have squatted,
and grow a few potatoes and oats ; the third collects herbs, andf makes
makes about 10/. a-year by the sale of them.

I found 16 other commuted pensioners scattered throughout the
province, who are not included in the preceding Hummary, as it relates to
Chelsea pensioners only. They were all far advanced m vears, and, as
elsewhere, in destitute circumstances. Those resident in and about
Halifax were permitted, if they wished, to take refum in the poor-house
during the wuiter, when the price of fuel is usually so high that the
^^ hole amount of the commuted pension would scarcely provide warmth
sufficient to keep them from starvation. At that period too they have
no chance of meeting with employment, and they can obtain very little
at other seasons. Most of them would be well pleased to give such labour
an they were fit for throughout the year, in return for their board, but it
is rarely that they can find employment even on these terms.

The number of men absent from the inspection in Nova Scotia, and
who could not be accounted for, were comparatively few ; the following is
a summary of them : —

Number of Cheliea |)enaionera in War Office Return
Number who appeared for inipection -

Number who failed to appear -

281
47

Of the number who failed to appear the following have been thus
accounted for : —

Reported dead, or supposed dead - - - - 18

Erroneously ek..«red m list of men in Nova Scotia - • 3

Moved to other districts to look for work, where they were

inspected ------•. 32

Remaining unaccounted for - - • • • S

Total as above • •47

As formerly stated, the commuted pensioners of Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, and Prince Edward's Island, were included together in the
War Office Return, and therefore no separate statement can be made up
to show the precise number unaccounted for in each of these provinces.

rration. and

P*rt of the

ve Muatlod,

•nd makea

>ughout the

it relates to

arN, and, as

and about

ror«houBe
that the
ide warmth
they have
n very little
■uch labour
oard, but it

Scotia, and
bllowing is

281
934

been thus

38
5

otia, New
ler in the
) tnade up
vinces.

PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND.

Aiuiipm a»> '

AFTER completing my inspections in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
I proceeded to Prmce E>d ward's Island by way of Pictou, from which there
is a conveyance by steam twice a>week tu Charlotte Tov ii, the capital, dis-
tant about Hixty miles. Though the island is or considerable extent, * eing
upwards of 125 miles in lenfrtn and Trom ten to twenty-Gve in breadth, it
iH so intersected by the sea m every direction that no part ib mor > than
eight or nine miles from water^conveyance; cunscquenti, the peroioners,
even in the remotest settlements, have no great ditnculty m assemuling at
Charlotte Town, where they are paid in British currency by the CommiH-
sariat officer.

I^and can be acquired on very mo<lerate terms, even within a lew miles ol" Fttpilitie* to
Charlotte Town, and there is consequently little inducement to t' m ^^isper.
sion which renders the inspection and payment of the pensioners sod'^cult
at other stations. They assembled readily at a short notice, and I found
them in much better circumstances than at any of the other places I had
visited, except the western parts of Upper Canada. Most of the country
|)en8ioners are settled in the vicinity of Charlotte Town and George Town,
which appears the best part of the island; the distance between the two
places is about twenty-one miles, and there is a good road aM the way.
On the western side of the island there are no pensioners; it is, in many
places, sandy and barren, and presents comparatively few inducements fur
settlers. All whom 1 inspected were well dressed, and none appeared to
suffer want; though they had, like other classen, been exposed to great
loss during the previous two years by successive failures of the potato crop,
which, with oats, forms the principal produce of the island.

With the exception of wheat, for which neither the soil nor climate
appear well adapted, every kind of food is in great >:)ji>.)dance, so that inde-
pendently of labour, no one, even on the lowest ku i>f pension, need have
any difficulty in sup|)orting himself. At the time of my visit the contract
price of meat was only l-nr<^- P^i* pound; and Gsh were so plentiful all
along the coast, that tne labour of one man a^'astomed to fishing would, in
a few hours, provide sufficient for a dozen faniilies, while lobsters and shell-
fish were in such quantities as to be scarcely of any value. Sugar can
also, at a certain period of the year, be readily obtained from the
maple tree ; and, owing to the facility of water-communication, tea, coffee,
and all imported articles are at a comparatively low price. Bread cost
\}d. per pound, while in the adjacent provinces it was selling at l^d., but
it is nut much used by the pensioners ; they, as well as all the lalnniring
classes, live chiefly on oats and potatoes, which are usually of a very
superior quality in this island.

Fuel, so essential a requisite throughout North America, is also very
cheap. Wood was, at the time of my visit, selling at 6s. id. per cord,
being little more than one-third of the price at Halifax, and cuni could
be had at a very low rate from the adjacent mines of Cape Breton.

ling.

Clieupiu'S!>
visian!<.

f pro-

I
n
■ 't

Moderate terms i'or
land.

Ordiiiincf rfsi-rvc.

Soil.

$ I

State
mem

of ('m|i1oy-

Pensioners conceive that they have also another advantage by the
English shilling, in which they are paid, passing for Is. 6d. currency,
instead of 1«. Zd. as at Halifax ; but as prices are regulated accordingly,
the advantage is more nominal than real, though I found it had operated
as an inducement in many instances to bring pensioners to the island
from the adjacent province.

The total numl)er of pensioners resident in the island, according to
the War Offic Return, was 67, including the commuted {wnsioners.
Of these, 61 appeared before me for examination ; I found one-half of
them employed in agriculture, and 5 or 6 had small farms of their own
not exceeding fifty acres, of which twenty or thirty were cleared and
cultivated ; the rest rented land of about an equal extent.

The following is a summary of the earnings of this class : —

3 can feed their families and sell from 15/, to 30/. a year.
I ditto, and sell about 10/. a-year.

1 can feed his own and son's family.

1.5 can feed their fumilies and pay their rent.
8 can pay rent and feed their families for sis or nine months a-year.

2 have just commenced farming.
a cannot state their earnings.

A much larger proportion of the pensioners rent land in this island
than in other part of British America, because it can be had on easy terms,
and in lots sufficiently small for their limited capital. As an instance, 1
was oifered by one of the most extensive proprietors in the island, any
quantity for them on perpetual lease, without rent for the first five years,
and thereafter subject only to Is. per acre annually, with liberty to the
tenant to purchase at any time on payment of 1/. per acre. This land
was good, and only about sixteen miles from Charlotte Town, with ready
means of communication, either by land or water; the quantity to each
family was not to exceed fifty acres.

There is an Ordnance reserve, called the Warren Farm, of about 500
acres, adjacent to Fort Amherst, which commands the entrance to the
iiarbour Being within four miles of Charlotte Town, by water, it might
easily be made available for the settlement of pensioners. It is nearly
clear of timber, is under cultivation, and let on lease to a tenant, who
pays only ]«. per acre annually, with liberty to hold it at that rent till
wanted for (Jovernnient purposes. As he has been in occupation now
for u great number of yc&>^> unless the right of the Ordnance to
resume it he asserted speedily, it will probably pass away from the Crown.
There are also about 6000 acres of other land belonging to the Crown in
the island, one^lialf of which is said to be good, and available for settlers.

The pensioners, with one exception, stated the soil to be tolerablv
productive, and that it had none of that rocky character which created such
obstacles to cultivation in the adjacent provinces. Considering its advan-
tages in this respect, and the facility of transit, it may be matter of surprise
that tlioy liad not made greater advances in prosperity ; but the loss of
their potato crop for the last two years reduced their means considerably ;
and, as little wheat is grown in the island, and oats will scarcely pay the
expense of freight, the export trade by which money can be accumulated
is very trifling ; none, however, appeared to suffer from the privations
whicli attended the more unfortunate of the pensioners in Lower Canada ;
all |M)ssessc(l in abundance the common necess^es of life, and they did
not seem disposed to seek for more.

So far as i could learn, there is little inducement for mechanics to
settle in the island ; money is so scarce that the inhabitants cajinot afford
to pay high wages, and as the number of each trade in the towns is
scarcely sufficient to insure competition, exorbitant charges arc frequently
made which induces most of the inhabitants to obtani their su|)plie8
of manufactured articles from the United States. Dtay-labourers appear
to be better pai<! and more in demand than in Canada, but tlieir remune*
ration is much limited by the practice of engaging them onlv for the
summer months; regular employment can seldom lie obtainwl during
winter, and as there is comparatively little capital in the island, were any

" ■■>^^iflMmmtMta0a;$0^

by the
urrency,
rdingly.
>perated

island

d'mg to
istoners.
■half of

Gonsiderftble influx of labourers to lake place, tlie market would goon l)e
overstocked. Small allotments would therefore be necessary in case of
any extensive immigration, so as to furnish occupation at all seasons.

The following is a summary of the earnings and wages of the
|)ensioners who are not emplpyed in agriculture :

1 blacksmith earaa about 50/. a-year.

1 carpenter 25/. a-year.

^._ 1 ihoemaker and tavern-keeper, 86/.

-• tP*^*rf jailor, 20/.

1 lunatic aaylum keeper, 40/.

5 labourers, \8L a-year each.

1 ditto about three months, at 2$. a-day.

1 commissariat issuer at 1«. a-day.

2 servants get diet for labour.

4 work on their parents' farms, remuneration uncertain.

4 unable to work, one of them insane.

.1 cf.nnot get work.

I does not wish for work, lives on pension.

1 lives on interest of his money, about 20/. a-yeiv.

Of the 61 pensioners in the island I found 26 Bt for local company
duty, and the greater proportion of these could be assembled at a very
short notice ; their ages are as follows: —

Under 40
5

40 to 4d

45 to 50

50 to 55
8

65 to 60
8

Above 60

Among the men above sixty are 6 commuted pensioners, being the
only men of that class in the island. Of these —

3 rent farms and raise sufficient to feed their families ; their pension pays the rent.
2 are jobbing as shoemakers and carpenters, and make 20/. a-year,
1 owns a ftmn, and can feed his family with the produce.
1 is unable to work, and is boarded for his pension.

So that this class appears to have been much more fortunate than in
Canada, owing, no doubt, to the low price of dll the necessaries of life,
which makes even their small pensions nearly adequate for their support.
There is no place in British America that I have visited where a local
force of pensioners could he settled with greater facility or with more Advantage of this
certain prospect of advantage to themselves and the public than in this island for military
island ; indeed, its proximity tu Great Britain, by which the long and ^^'*'<^<''-
dangerous navigation of the St. Lawrence is avoided, the low price of

f)rovisions and fuel, the abundance of fish, the facility of obtaining good
and at a moderate rent, and the ready conveyance to every part, all
combine to show that there can be no risk whatever in making such an
experiment even with men on low rates of pension. Those from the
agricultural districts of Ireland and Scotland in particular would find
their condition much improved by the change, and they would have very
few of the difficulties to contend with which settlers in a new country
usually encounter.

\fany of the younger class of pensioners, too, in Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick would gladly leave these provinces, where they have a
(iifiicultv at present in supporting themselves, for the purpose of settling in
Prince fcdward's Island, if they had a free conveyance, and any encourage-
ment in the shape of a small allotment of land ; but, even if that were not
available, there would be no difficulty in obtaining land for them on very
fusy terms from the adjacent proprietors.

Prince Kdward's Island is a station which, of all others, requires a force Necessity for a
of this kind, |)articularly if arrangements could be made for keeping some pensioner force in
of the pensioners on permanent pay to perform the few duties at present *''* '*'""*'■
required of regular troops, as, owing to the facilities for, and temptations
to, desertion, one-third of the company of the Line at Charlotte Town has
.jometinjes been lost to the service in the course of a year. Since 1843
the desertions have averaged one-fifth of the whole force annually, and
1 believe the Governor has recently intimated, that should this crime

Propoied mode of
railing thii force.

I
'f ■;

III

Projioseil arrange-
ments Bg to siiper-
intendenre.

not be speedily checked, he will be obliged to discontinue having regular
troops in the island.

This station would also ' 3 particularly well adapted for the settle-
ment of old soldiers of the Newfoundland Veteran Battalion, when near
the period at which they are likely to be discharged. Though I did not
visit that colony, owing to its remoteness, and the advanced period of the
year, which called for my speedy return to England, I had complete
returns forwarded to me of the occupation and employment of every
peo'iioner there, and from which I learnt that the climate of >''>M<9)ondland
IS 'io unfavourable for agricultural pursuits, and the work connected with
the Gsheries so unsuitable for old soldiers, that instead of ultimately
settling there, most of them come home when p<;nsioned. As an illustra-
tion, I may mention that of 300 men who have been discharged from the
Newfoundland Veteran Battalion, since its formation, only 24 have
settled in that island, of whom 9 are in public employ, as barrack-seiieants.
policemen, and tidewaiters ; 14 are employed or seeking employment as
labourers and mechanics, and but 1 follows the occupation of farming; a
sufficient evidence that the colony is by no means well adapted for the
settlement of old soldiers

By forming a company for service in Prince Edward's Island from
the men belongmg to that corps who had completed tiventy years' service
and were likely to be discharged in a year or two, there would be no risk
of desertion ; they would have time to become acquainted with the best
means of earning a livelihood there, before they were thrown on their own
resources, the expense of bringing them home would be saved, and they
would have at least the advantage in such a colony of being secured
against want after their discharge, which would not in many instances be
the case, if pensioned on their return to this country.

If a Staff Officer of Pensioners were ultimately settled in Prince
Kdward's Island, to superintend these pensioners and as many more as
were disposed to come from the adjacent provinces, or from this country,
he would have no difficulty in inspecting also the pensioners in Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick, at least once every year, and he could make
arrangements by means of the Commissariat officers at large stations, and
nun-commissiuned oflicers at the small ones, for the men being paid with
greater regularity, and mure safety against personation than under the

fu'esent system. This part of liis duty would gradually become very
ight, for if facilities such as are now proposed were held out to the rest of
the pensioners to settle in Prince Edward's Island, none would remain in
the adjacent provinces but the older class, and the ordinary course of
mortality must in a few years materially reduce their numbers-

Neither the circumstances nor position of the pensioners in the
Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick would appear to warrant
any further expense being incurred on their account than this, but I feel
confident that the advantage of having such a force in Prince Edward's
Island, where they could be located within distances sufficient to admit of
being readily assembled on any emergency, would amply repay the cost,
besides con^rring an important boon on those who might be disposed to
avail themselves of the pri^ lege of settling there.

Of the 67 Chelsea and Commuted pensioners borne on the War Office
books at the time of my leaving England —

There apiKsared at inspection
Reported dead
Gone to England -
Erroneously entered un list
Identified since inspection

Total as above

61
.3
1
1
1

Cape Uriton. At Caf)e Breton there are 14 pensioners, but as the season was too

fnr advanced for my proceeding there, I was obliged to leave that part of
my duty unperformed. About one-half of these men have been discharged
within the last few years, and are understood to be employed in the coal-

mines ; the others were disbanded shortly after the war, and must now be
beyond the age when they are likely to be of any use in a military
capacity.

The total number of Commuted pensioners' borne on the War Office
Return as resident in this island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, was
77, of whom 51 appeared for inspection, 22 had died or been transferred
to other districts, and only 4 were entirely unaccounted for. The names
of these men, as well as cf the Chelsea pensioners who did not appear,
are ff^^^the annexed list, to which I have added a comparative state-
menVfMmBitract prices of bread and meat in North America and the
United Kingouam, for the purpose of illustrating my observations on that
head.

(Signed) J. D. G. TULLOCH,

Captain and Stqff' Officer of Pentioners.

Commuted pen-
iionen unse-
counted for.

r'
2 ■

List of Pensioners absent from the Inspection in Nova S
Brunswick, and Prince Edward's Island, in 1819; and w
applied for pension to this date.

Scotia, New
ho have not

Regiment.

41 h Foot

66th „

69th „

42nd „

.i2nd .,

Drivers

6th Battalion, Artillery .

Newfoundland Fcncib'os

Ditto
Nova Seoi't FenciMes

Ditto

Rate,

.V. d.

1 9
7
6

Chelsea Pensioners.

K ;mos.

Michai'l Campbt'll
Patrick C. MuWey
Godfrey Burr
Donald llogBO'k
I.auchlin Ln" s
Joseph Peai ,\\
John M inro . .
Denis Brynii . .
Thomas Ilarlev
William Lorriniore
.lohn llifrK'* • .

^^^"tl^ial.

St. John's, New Brunswink.

Fredericton,

Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Cominiited Pensioners.

6'2iid Foot

4} George Hull . . ..

ISth „

4i I'etrr Kane . .

Nova Scotia and New

Artillery

4 J John Kilpa'riek

Brunswick.

1st Foot

4}' Charles Lanchrey

CoMPARATivr slatoment of the Contract Prices of Hrcad and Meat,
at the iindcr-mentioncd Stations, fiuni Novenilierl. 1841), to October
31. 1850.

Statio.ns.

Bread
per Hi.

Meal
per 11).

Sr.Ai IONS.

Breail
per 11).

.Meat
per 11).

(/.

,1.

Iljhfax

1 51

■J-32

Dublin

1-OG

3-75

St. Joiiu's, New Brunswick

1-5

2-_'l

Cork

1-18

2-62

Fredericton

1-4-

■J27

Kdinburjjh

•96

3-21

Mni.treal

1-40

'j-or)

Kent

•U7

3-75

(Jui'Ih'c

l-i'J

;t-2i

Middlesex . .

.Vverajje prices in (ireatl
Britain and Ireland . '

.•»-71

Avcra^ii" prices in America .

1-42

259

l-()3

3'4()

Daily issues to a Suldier in .\nuTica.

Bread 1 lb.

Meat . . 1 111.

Daily issues to a Scildiir In (ireal Britain andlrplanil.

Brejii . . 1 lb.

-Meat . . i lb.

Thus the contract price nf a II). ot Bread a.id a lb. of .Meat, on the averajre of

five of the laru'csl station- in Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, and New d.
Brunswick, is .. .. .. 4'01

Wliile the average price at five of the eliief towns and counties in the L'nilcd

Kingdom for the same period, is . . 4"4.'t

lieiilg an excess of only ;'^',; of a pinny cm tbi' cost of both in tliis cminlry, where the meet is
superior ill quality.

It will be obsc.ved that the price of bread is greiiter by ,Y''u of a penny at these ,\merieau
stations than in t*.o Uiiitud Kingdom.