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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 4 5 6 
 
J 
 
 i -.» 
 
..'* 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 .V*. 
 
 AN S„,W E R 
 
 T 6 t u% 
 
 L E T T E R 
 
 -t..-' 
 
 /; 
 
 '■'■' . ■-'.;=-•,• F ROMA 
 
 f. 
 
 Z? r-5 r ^ N D ER, &c. 
 
 i<l^ 
 
 •^i: 
 
 WHEREIN 
 
 ,^.r^ 
 
 JHis falfe Calculations, and Mifrcprefen cations 
 * of Fadls in the Time of King Charles II. 
 are refuted ; ... «-^ 
 
 AND 
 
 An Hiftorical Account is given of all the Parli a- 
 M E NT A R Y Ai DS in that Reign, from the Jour- 
 nals of the Houfe of Commons ; the Ancient 
 and Modern Power of the Crown, and the excel- 
 five Height to which it is rifen ot late, are dear- 
 ly reprefented •, 
 
 AND ' ' ' '-^ -■■•* '• ■ 
 
 Reafon<? offered for reftoring to the Freeholders 
 of ENGLAND their Ancient Right of chufing 
 High Sheriffs and Juftices of Peace in the County 
 C-^urts, as a proper Means towards rel^oring the 
 Billance of our Conftitution, and putting a Stop 
 to the Progrefs of Corruption. 
 
 By R- 
 
 H- 
 
 Elq; 
 
 > L N D N: 
 
 Printed for J. Robinson, at the Golden Lyon m 
 Ludgate-ftreet. 1742. 
 ^ (Price Two Shillings.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ I, r -t- . 
 

 
 ♦ , > 
 
 .«■■■' 
 
 
 li 
 
 I,. 
 
 ^■*. 
 
 f 
 

 A F UL L 
 
 ANSWER 
 
 TO THE 
 
 i. j; ;;* 
 
 LETTERyro^^ <!?By-STANDER toa 
 Member of PARLIAMENT, &c. 
 
 n 
 
 H E Author of a Letter from a By^ 
 Slander to a Memhir of Pariiamentf 
 feems to infinuate by the Title, that 
 he is an impartial Writer ; though 
 the whole Tenor of his Perform- 
 ance, evidently refutes all his Pre- 
 tenfions to that Charader. He fets^ out with pro- 
 fefling a Regard to his Country ,and a Defire of cor- 
 re6ting feme miftaken Notions in the People of J5r/- 
 /«/», which are the Motives of his Writing ; Profcf- 
 fions which coft very little to Writers who have m> 
 Regard to Truth, and which are ever made by 
 thofc who find it neceflary to deceive a Nation,before 
 they can effect it's Ruin.NoConftitution was ever yet 
 fubverted under any other than fair Pretences; but 
 Impoftors are known by their Fruit s^ and the Vanity 
 of their Pretences is difcovered by the Methods they 
 take to fupport them, and by ^he Nature of the 
 Meafures they recommend. Writers in a good 
 Caufc never have Recourfe to Artifices, which none 
 
 B but 
 
I^T 
 
 (2) 
 
 but the worft can need, and fcorn to abufe the Rea- 
 der with fuch Mifreprefentations of Fads, as run 
 throughout the Letter of the By-Stander ; whofe cor- 
 rupt Views, as well in reprefenting a Standing-Ar- 
 my to be neceffary, and Public Credit to be preca- 
 rious, as in endeavouring to revive a Diftintlion of 
 Parties, have been already expofed by the Author 
 of A proper Anfwer to the By-Stander^ fo that I have 
 little Occafion ,to add any Thing on thofe Subjeds. 
 That no Nation hath ever been enflaved by any 
 other Means than the Force of a Standing-Army, 
 is a Truth fo evident from the Experience of all 
 Ages, and the Teftimony of all Hiftorians, that a 
 free People, learning from others Ruin what muft 
 naturally prove their own, ought ever to guard a- 
 gainft it, as the greateft of Evils, and what threat- 
 ens the moft immediate Danger to their Liberties. 
 ^he By-Stander * however, out of the tender Con- 
 cern he pretends for his Country, is not afhamed of 
 recommending to it the Examples of other Nations 
 thus enflaved, and would fain have a Standing- Army 
 kept up in England^ as long as any European Mo- 
 narch fhall keep up that Badge and Means of Sla- 
 very in his own Dominions ; which probably may 
 be for ever. He pleads for the Neceffity of one in 
 this Country ; where by its Situation as an Idand, it 
 is undeniably lefs wanted, in all Circumftances what- 
 ever, than in any other ; and by the Superiority of 
 its Force, and the natural Bravery of its People, 
 the Nation is fufficiently fecurcd from any Danger 
 of being attacked by the Land Armies of Foreign 
 Potentates. The Kit.gs of France therefore and 
 Prujfia may keep up mighty Armies, and load their 
 Subjedls with Taxes to fupport them ; but this, 
 though they do it not merely for Pomp or Shew; 
 but even to invade their Neighbours as Opportuni-* 
 
 * F'age 6. 
 
 ties 
 
 %: '...' 
 
(3 ) 
 
 ties offer, can be no juft Subje<fl of Terror to us 
 who are Mafters of the Sea, and fcparated from their 
 Territories by that Element. A Paffion for prey- 
 ing on othfTs is natural enough for Princes that de- 
 light in having Slaves for their Subjedls ; but the 
 primary Defign of thofe Monarchs in maintaining 
 luch numerous Forces, is to continue the Slavery to 
 which their People are reduced. 
 
 They know that human Natureabhors that State, 
 and think their Subjedls would throw off the Yoke, 
 if they were not kept under by the fame Force 
 which firft fubdued them ; and 'tis this which puts 
 them upon other Expences, befides that of a Stand- 
 ing Army. For this is the very Reafon why in 
 France^ the Treafury will not alter the prefent Me- 
 thod of colleding the Revenue, though of every 
 Forty Millions raifed upon the Nation, Twenty- 
 four Millions are fpent in the Charge of colleding. 
 There are 150,000 Men employed in the Salt-Duty 
 alone, and a much greater Number of Excifemen 
 and Officers employed in other Branches of the 
 Revenue ; fo that a Town not bigger than North- 
 ampton^ has in it 500 of thefe. Officers, whov. ith 
 a Salary of 500 Livrcs (not 25 /. Sterling) a Year, 
 ftill take Care to die rich at the Expence of the 
 People they opprefs : And after the Revenue has 
 been got in at fuch an enormous Charge, one Third 
 of it is given away in Penfions to all the noble Fa- 
 milies in the Kingdom, the better to reconcile them 
 to Slavery, purfuant to the Plan of Cardinal Riche- 
 lieu ; who was never at Reft *till by an infinite Variety 
 of Arts and Pretences, he had drawn every Gentle- 
 man, that was happy in his Fortune, and refpedled 
 in his Country, to Court; and kept him there all 
 his Life in a State of Dependance, to the Ruin of his 
 Fortune, and Beggary of his Family. Such im- 
 menfe Sums docs the Arbitrary Power of the Mo- 
 narch coft the Kingdom of France. 
 
 B 
 
 Thefe 
 
 -■■« 
 % 
 
L 
 
 (4) 
 
 Thefc Politics are not much different from thofe 
 of the late King ofPruffia^ whofe Fancy for tall Men, 
 and giving them vaft Premiums to enlift in his 
 Troops, was Cas I have been aflurcd by a Gentleman 
 of very good Senfe and Learning, who had f|^)ent a 
 great deal of Time at Berlin) merely a Pretence ; and 
 calculated in Virtue of a Scheme he had formed, 
 for impoverifhing and crulhing all the Nobility and 
 Gentry in his Dominions; who ferving generally in 
 his Armies were, in order to make their Court the 
 better, put upon procuring fuch Gigantic Fellows at 
 any Rate : And whenever any of them pleaded Ina- 
 bility, in Excufe for not doing it, they were readi- 
 ly offered and fupply'd by him, with luch Sums of 
 Money as were neceflary for the Service, upon Mort- 
 gages of their Eftates •, which by fuch Means he 
 got into his Power, and dying left his Succeflbr the 
 general, and almoft the fole Proprietor of Lands 
 in the Territories of Brandenburg, Such are the 
 Precedents, which the By-Stander recommends fo 
 carncftly to the People of England-, nor is it unna- 
 tural to think that he does it with the fame Views ; 
 fince in a Nation already overwhelmed with Debts, 
 the bare Charge of an Army will go far towards 
 producing the lame Effeds, were there not other 
 Mifchiefs attending it, tha^ co-operate likewife to- 
 wards enflaving the People and ruining the Confti- 
 tution. 
 
 Cowards giving a loofe to their Imagination, 
 may fancy ten thoufand Dangers where there is not 
 one in reality j and as Fear betrays the Succours 
 which Reafon would offer ; Knaves may fucceed, 
 as well as find their Advantage, in heightening 
 thofe Fears; but furely more ridiculous Schemes 
 never entered into any Body's Head ; than thofe 
 which the By-Stander * has formed of Embarkations 
 
 ♦ Pag. 1 6. 
 
 of 
 
^ip 
 
 thofe 
 Men, 
 in his 
 Jeman 
 \)ent a 
 :i', and 
 )rmed, 
 ty and 
 illy in 
 art the 
 lows at 
 :d Ina- 
 
 readi- 
 jms of 
 Mort- 
 Mns he 
 or the 
 Lands 
 re the 
 nds fo 
 
 unna- 
 Views ; 
 Debts, 
 owards 
 
 other 
 ife to- 
 [Tonfti- 
 
 lation, 
 is not 
 ccours 
 cceed, 
 tening 
 hemes 
 thofe 
 cations 
 
 of 
 
 (S) 
 
 of French Troops from Bourdeaux^ and various o- 
 thcr Places, in order to make Defcents in Rutland, 
 Every Body that knows ;iny Thing of Tranfport- 
 fervice, and the inconfiderable Proportion that the 
 French naval Force bears to ours, will laugh at them 
 as mere Chimeras •, but others will better judge of 
 them, and of the like Attempts, by Experience oa 
 former Occafions. ^ < 
 
 The By-ftander refers us to two in the Time of 
 King Pf^illiam^ that of La llogue^ and the otlicr 
 propofed from Calais^ not (as he fays) in 1692, but 
 in the Beginning of 1696. There was not any 
 Imbarkation made in either of thefe: But in the 
 firft of them, the French depended entirely ori the 
 Superiority of their Fleet, which they hoped would 
 have deftroyed the EngHJh Squadron bcl-or- the 
 Dutch could join it; and then being Maft^rs of the 
 Sea, the Delcent propofed might indexed have been 
 made with Safety, and the Forces landed m;ghc 
 have been duly fupplied with all NectlTaries and 
 reinforced as they faw Occafion. But when the 
 Jundion of the Dutch Fleet to the Englijh rendered 
 us fuperior at Sea, and part of the French Navy 
 was deftroyed, the intended Invafion was laid afide 
 as impradicable. In the other of 1696, it was 
 purely owing to the late K. Jameses Importunities, 
 that the French Court ordered any Forces to the Side 
 of Calais *, but they refolved, at the fame Time, 
 not to embark a Man, *till an Infurredion was ac- 
 tually made in England. AH the Sollicitations of 
 • King James, and Reprefentations of his Friends, 
 could not divert Lewis XIV. from this Refolution ; 
 fo that to remove the Difficulty, the late Duke of 
 Berwick made the hazardous Voyage of this King- 
 dom, to prevail with thofe whom they expefled to 
 rife on the French landing, to begin the AtFair with 
 taking Arms themfelves. All his Arguments were 
 in vain, and uj m his Return, the few Troops 
 . s* I ' ' • drawn 
 
7 
 
 ( 6 y 
 
 drawn about Calais were removed to their old 
 Quarters. 
 
 In fhort, no Prince in the World, who is not 
 Maftcr of the Sea, will ever be prevailed on to ftnd 
 a Body of Troops into a potent Ifland, (becaufc he 
 will deem it facrificing fo many Men, when howe- 
 ver plentiful the Country is, he cannot fuccour them 
 from Time to Time with Recruits, Ammunition, 
 and other Neceflaries) unlefs he can be fure of their 
 being joined by the People of the Country : Nor 
 will he look upon any Reprefentations of an exiled 
 Prince, of a few Refugees Ab' id, or of difcon- 
 tcnted Particulars that come over to be proper Af- 
 furances in that Refped. No Prince or State ever 
 did, or ever will, engage in fuch an Enterprize 
 upon fuch Grounds ; and kt them be never fo fully 
 convinced of the general Di (content of a Nation, 
 this will not however make them depend on being 
 joined, or tempt them to run the Hazard of the 
 Experiment. No body doubted of the general Un- 
 cafniefs and terrible Apprehenfions of this Nation 
 before the late Revolution ; yet it was not that Dif- 
 affedlion, but the folemn Invitation and Aflbciation, 
 figned by great Numbers of the Nobility and Gen- 
 try, Perfons of the greateft Fortunes, Credit, and 
 
 ■ Power in the Kingdom, and their AflTurances of 
 joining the Prince of Orange upon his landing, 
 which determined the States of Holland to fit out a 
 Fleet, and fend a Body of Forces to make the At- 
 tempt. Bcifides the Situation of Europe at that Time, 
 was fuch as probably never will be again ; the Allies 
 knew that the Acceflion of England was neceflfary 
 to reduce the Power of France-, and fince King 
 James could not be brought in to join them, they 
 wifhed to have a King on the Britijh Throne who 
 
 ' was the Soul of the Alliance. For thefe Reafons 
 
 they readily came into the Meafures of the Englijh^ 
 
 alarmed at the wild Steps, into which Bigotry and 
 
 .,..,.- the 
 
 I 
 
IGen- 
 t, and 
 CCS of 
 ding, 
 out a 
 At- 
 ime, 
 lAllies 
 :eflary 
 King 
 they 
 who 
 jafons 
 nglijh, 
 and 
 the 
 
 (7) .. 
 
 the Coiinfels of a treacherous Minifter had led that 
 Prince •, for no thinking Man can believe the Allies 
 had any View for preferring the Church of England^ 
 when one Article of the grand Alliance was to rc- 
 ftore the Pope to his Rights, and crulh the Liber- 
 ties of the Gallican Church, where every Thing 
 feemed ripe for a Reformation. The Butcl had 
 ftill ftronger Reafons to wifh a Change here ; they 
 well knew that one Reafon which inclined King 
 James to a Neutrality, was the Profpeft of an im- 
 menfe Increafe of Trade and Riches to England, 
 whilft all Europe was engaged in War ; they well 
 knew that when Trade takes a new Channel, it fel- 
 dom returns to the old ; they well knew that in 
 King Charleses Time Schemes had been laid for 
 demanding Reparation for Amboyna^ and for encou- 
 raging our Fifhing Trade ; they knew l^\n%' James 
 underftood Trade, and would encoura[»e it ; ano- 
 ther Reafon too might poflibly weigh with their 
 Politicians ; for though the Prince of Orange was a 
 true Lover of his Country, the Dutch always dread- 
 ed the Power of a Stadtholder, and by fetting h'm 
 on the Throne of England^ they freed themfelves 
 from that Fear, and became more confident of his 
 confulting and promoting the Good of his native 
 Country, to which he was naturally inclined ; and 
 if he failed, they might, by difclaiming any Hand 
 in the Attempt, and depofing him that made it, 
 at once get rid of the Stadtholder, and make their 
 Peace with King James, And after alh that Expe- 
 dition was attended with fuch a monftrous Expence 
 (according to the Account thereof in the Appendix, 
 No. I.) that no foreign Prince, or State, will ever 
 put themfelves to the fame Charge, to make the 
 like hazardous Attempt in any Circumftance of the 
 Kingdom whatever. 
 
 I call it an hazardous Attempt, becaufe, though 
 the Men of War in the Du/cb Fleet were a third 
 
 more 
 

 ^ 
 
 :H 
 
 'If 
 
 '.» 
 
 (8) 
 
 more in Number than the Englijh, yet it was purely 
 owing to Accident, to a Variety indeed of Acci* 
 dents, that they were able to make a Defccnt. It 
 may however be allowed, that the Aflbciation afore- 
 faid was a rational Ground for fuch an Enterprize ; 
 and if we are to wait for another 'till the like Me- 
 thod be taken, a Man muft be an utter Stranger to 
 the prefent Temper, Spirit, Way of Thinking, 
 and Jealoufies of Gentlemen in England^ that can 
 think it poflible, however difcontented any Num- 
 ber of them may be, for any three of that Number 
 to be brought to truft one another, fo far as to join 
 in fuch an A61 5 fo that as it is not reafonable for 
 any foreign Power to make fuch an Attempt, with- 
 out the like Invitation and Alfurances, we may 
 flcep fecurely 'till Doomfday without the Apprehen- 
 fioiis of any. 
 
 ^. The Scots indeed before the Union, not yet ge- 
 nerally corrupted by Englijh Penfions and Luxury, 
 had a greater Confidence in one another than they 
 will ever have again : And when they faw the In- 
 deprndcncy of their Kingdom, which fo many 
 thoufands of their gallant Ancertors had loft their 
 Lives to maintain, given up at once, their old Con- 
 ftitu;ion deftroyed, and the whole Nation inflamed 
 on thcfc Accounts, many of their chief Nobih'ty and 
 Gttntry made (as fome Writers tell us) a like Invi* 
 t.uion to the Court of France^ which feemed to 
 hearken to ir, more perhaps to curry Favour, and 
 rene'vV a Correipondence with a Kingdom, which 
 hac^ been foiinerly in League with them for many 
 Agfs, than with any Profpcd: of Succefs. In Con- 
 fcciaciice thereof, a few Forces were put on Board 
 the Chevalier jr(5«7m''s Squadron in 1708 ; but with 
 how ill a Will, is plain from the Circumfhnces of 
 tlviC Afhiir, as I have heard it from the French and 
 others concerned theicin. The Fleet was ready, 
 and the Men embarked : But Fonrlin not jQjring to 
 
 qu 
 
 It 
 
s purely 
 f Acci- 
 cnt. It 
 •n afore- 
 ?rprize ; 
 ke Me- 
 mger to 
 linking, 
 that can 
 Num- 
 ^Jumber 
 s to join 
 lable for 
 t, with- 
 we may 
 )prehen- 
 
 T 
 
 : yet ge- 
 Luxury, 
 han ihey . 
 r the In- 
 fo many 
 loft their 
 old Con- 
 nflamed 
 lity and 
 vc Invi» 
 emed to 
 )ur, and 
 which 
 or many 
 In Con- 
 Board 
 3Ut with 
 ances of 
 encb and 
 ready, 
 ;.aring to 
 quit 
 
 )n 
 
 
 quit Dunkirk^ dallied away the Time, and could not 
 find a Wind fit for Sailing. The Pcrfon whom his 
 public Orders required him to obey, chanced to be 
 feized with the Meafles ; but being impatient to be 
 gone, was continually afking after the Wind, and 
 hearing it was fair, fent for the Admiral, who then 
 owning it, was.furpriztd to hear the other lay he 
 would be carried on Board, and fail immediattly. 
 In vain did Fourbin remonlbate the Danger of fuch 
 an Adtion in the Height of his Fever ; the other 
 was refolved, faid he muft lie in Bed wherever he 
 w.tf, and could do fo on Shipboard as well as at 
 Land ; and giving his peremptory Orders for failing, 
 was put on Board, and the Squadron quitted li.j 
 Port of Dunkirk. The Admiral could not help o- 
 beying thus far •, but being got Out at Sea, thought 
 fit to (top two Days in the Flats off Newport j dur- 
 ing which Time, a Gentleman of great Worth and 
 Honour, ftill living in this Place, being difpatched 
 by the Duke of Marlborough^ to give Sir George 
 Bing^ who then lay at the Mouth of the Thames^ 
 Notice of the Sailing of the Dunkirk Squadron, 
 paiTed from OJlend in a fmall VefTel through the 
 Middle of the French Fleer, and having executed 
 his CommifTion, was difpatched back by Sir George^ 
 and pafTed a ftcond Timfe through the fame Fleet 
 without being flopped, and came fafe to Oft end with 
 Advices to the Duke of Marlborough^ who then em- 
 ployed him to hire Tranfports for fending a Body 
 of Troops ovt;r from Flanders to Scotland: Fourbin 
 after the Lofs of tv^o Days, by which Time the 
 Violence of the Mealies was over, was forced to fail 
 on ; but thcugh the Courfe to Leith is very well 
 ki)Own, he took Care to (land fo far Northward, 
 th It the firft Land difcovered in Scotland was the 
 H'iight of Peterheady 60 • :otch Miles North of 
 Edinburgh ; fo that he was forced to fail back as 
 many Miles towards the South, to get into the Frith 
 
 C of 
 
■' 
 
 HI 
 
 I 
 
 
 ( 10) 
 
 oF Leitbj where he might have landed his Men if 
 he had pleafed ; but delayed it, and refufed even to 
 put the Perfon, whofe Order he was to oblerve, on 
 Shore with his own Followers, under one Pretence 
 or other, *till Sir George Bing*s Fleet appeared ; 
 and then he made the bed of his Way back to 
 France. 
 
 If France^ under all the Preflure's of an iinfuc- 
 cefsful War againft a formidable Alliance, to whofe 
 Force hers was unequal, was lb unwilling to venture 
 a few Troops, in an Invafion which might probably 
 have diverted a confiderable Part of the confede- 
 rate Army, and difconcjrted the intended Opera- 
 tions of the approaching Campaign, it cannot with 
 any Colour of Reafon be imagined, (he fhould be 
 more inclined to run the like Venture, w'len (he is 
 in no Diftrels, and feems on a Foot of Friendfhip 
 with the Adminiftration. Far from wilhing or pro- 
 moting a Change, flie would think it the greateft 
 Misfortune that could befal herfelf 5 for her Coun- 
 fels are always directed by certain Maxims, which 
 whoever comes into the Miniftry there, is fure to 
 adopt whatever his private Sentiments or Inclina- 
 tions were before. Among thefe there is none fo 
 firmly received, or that will be fo inviolably ob- 
 ferved, as ** That England is their eternal Enemy, 
 *' both by Intereft and Inclination ; that it is indif- 
 .*' ferent to them who is on the Throne of that 
 .** Kingdom, provided it be one that cannot hurt 
 .*' them ; that whatever Services they may do, or 
 *' Obligations they may lay upon him, they can 
 never expedt Friendfhip from a King of England^ 
 who is wife enough to know, and honeft enough 
 to purfue the true Intereft of his Country ; that 
 as the weakening of an Enemy's Power is really 
 *' an Advantage of their own, it is their Intereft to 
 keep England divided, rent afunder by the Feuds 
 of Parties, enervated by Corruption, alarmed 
 
 with 
 
 €( 
 
 cc 
 
 «( 
 
 C( 
 
 M 
 
IS Men if 
 d even to 
 lerve, on 
 
 Pretence 
 ppeared ; 
 
 back to 
 
 n iinfuc- 
 to whofe 
 D venture 
 probably 
 confede- 
 id Opera- 
 mot with 
 hould be 
 !ien fhe is 
 'riendfhip 
 ig or pro- 
 : greateft 
 ler Coun- 
 s, which 
 IS fure to 
 r Inclina- 
 1 none fo 
 lably ob- 
 I Enemy, 
 t is indif- 
 e of that 
 mot hurt 
 ly do, or 
 they can 
 " England^ 
 (I enough 
 try 5 that 
 r is really 
 ntereft to 
 :hc Feuds 
 alarmed 
 with 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 (( 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 C( 
 
 (") 
 
 ** with continual Jealoufies and Apprehenfions, and 
 *' put to enormous Expences (to the Ruin of the 
 Trade, and exhaufting of the Wealth of the Na- 
 t on) to guard againft thefe Alarms; and that in 
 fhorr, it would be a fort of Suicide in them, to 
 makj any Attempt that might put the Kingdom 
 upon another Foot, or help to remove any of the 
 l/iconveniencies arifing from a difputed Succef- 
 don'*. Thefe are Maxims which the French 
 Miniflers unanimoufly profefs : They were laid 
 laid down to them by old LouvoiSy and there is a 
 remarkable EfFeft in them, in diverting Lewis the 
 XIV. and his Counfel, from the Refolution they 
 had taken at the Revolution, to aflift the late King 
 James efFc<5tuaIJy, the Execution whereof was only 
 fufpendcd 'till the Return of the Minifter from the 
 Waters of Forges in Normandy^ but laid afide after- 
 wards upon his Remonftrance, related in the Me- 
 moirs of the late Marefcbal de VillarSy Tom. i. 
 page 156. 
 
 There is therefore no manner of Rcafon to dread 
 any Invafion from France^ or from any State upon 
 which (he has an Influence : It is utterly inconfiftent 
 wirh the Maxims and Politics of that Crown to 
 mike one, whatever it may be to alarm us with the 
 Apprehenfions thereof : And if People have been, at 
 different Times, frightened out of their Senfes by • 
 fuch groundlefs Apprehenfions, and tempted to fell 
 their Stock lo Difadvanrage, it hath been owing 
 chiefly to the Artifices of Parties and Stock-jobbers, 
 who pr^'pofed and found their Interefl: in fuch falfe 
 Alarms. It is very hard indeed, that honeft Men 
 fhould ht thus choufed of their Money by a Pack 
 of Knaves : But yet I fee no manner of Ground 
 for the By-Stander*s Outcries * of Millions being 
 annihilated on fitch Occa/wns \ nor can I conceive how 
 the Nation in general could be a lofer by one En. 
 
 Q 
 
 glijhman^i 
 
II 
 
 I 
 
 I, 
 
 I ; 
 
 
 ( 12 ) 
 
 glijhman^ felling, and another's buying Stock at 
 lower Rates than nfual ; for Foreigners, tho' too 
 wile to be bubbled by fuch fenfelefs Stories, lay at 
 too great a Diftance to profit of them by purcha- 
 fmg at thofe Rates before the Panick was removed. 
 But though thefe falfe Alarms did for this Reaibn 
 occafion no Diminution of the Nation's Stock, it is 
 however very happy for particular Peribns, that all 
 the Inconveniencics which they ufed to fuffer from 
 thence, are (as the proper jinfwer judly obferves) 
 now removed by the A6t againit Stock-jobbing, pafT- 
 ed in 1734. 
 
 Wh:itcver WvTC the Motives why Men of Senfe, 
 at the Head of the Adminiftration, who ought to 
 know the Maxims of Government, and the true 
 State ot Affairs in all Parts of Europe^ have affed- 
 ed tv' give Credit to fuch idle Rumours of Invafi- 
 ons, fpi-ead about, from time to time, to that laft 
 ridiculous one of x\iq Sivedes \n 1739, all of which 
 have Hill appeared to be without Foundation j the 
 Ufe which the By-Stander makes of them, is to in- 
 culcate the NecelTity of a Standing Army, and to 
 plead for an Augmentation of Forces on fuch Oc- 
 cafions ; but cf-rtainly with the worll Policy in Na- 
 ture. For confidering the extreme Poverty of the 
 Kingdom, the immcnfe Load of Taxes that lie up- 
 on it, the Diftreifes of all Sorts and Orders of Peo- 
 ple throughout it ; the running into new Expences, 
 IS increafing a Burthen too great already for the Na- 
 tion to bear, and under which it mult, in all Ap- 
 pearance, fink at lafl ; and is running into a real 
 Danger, to avoid one that is only imaginary. 
 
 As the By-Siandcr is fond of comparing the State 
 and Conduct of Affairs in the Reign of King 
 Charles II. with thofe of the Reigns fince the R if vo- 
 lution, it may not be improper to confider his Situ- 
 ation an ♦ Condu6t on the like Occafions. He had 
 been rcftorcd to his I'hrone by the admirable Pru- 
 dence 
 
tock at 
 ho' too 
 , lay at 
 purcha- 
 : moved. 
 
 Reaibn 
 :k, it is 
 
 that all 
 h' from 
 ibftTves) 
 ng, pafT- 
 
 f Senfe, 
 
 aight to 
 
 the true 
 
 e affe6l- 
 
 ' Invafi- 
 
 that lad 
 
 f which 
 
 on ', the 
 
 is to in- 
 
 and to 
 
 jch Oc- 
 
 ■ in Na« 
 
 of the 
 
 lie up- 
 
 of Peo- 
 
 Dences, 
 
 lie Na- 
 
 all Ap- 
 
 a real 
 
 le State 
 f King 
 Revo- 
 is Situ- 
 i^e had 
 le Pru- 
 dence 
 
 i 
 
 ( 13 ) 
 
 dence and Addrcfs of General Monk, who made an 
 Army, generally averfe to the Thing he had in view, 
 contribute to his Defign, without letting one of his 
 Officers into the Secret of his Intentions ; which 
 had they difcovered, it would have been perhaps 
 impradicable to have been efFe6led, at lead without 
 much Bioodflied : and periiaps there nev^er was upon 
 Earth an Enterprize of To nice a Nature, attended 
 with fuch a Variety of Diflicukies, and requiring 
 fuch a Number and Series of Steps, all properly ad- 
 apted to the End, all to be taken in their due Or- 
 der, and fo jufVly to be timed, that a Miftake in any 
 one, or the moving of it unfcafonably, might have 
 ruined the whole Scheme, ever condudled fo hap- 
 pily to Perfe(5tion. ' 
 
 But this Prince's DifFiculties were not over with 
 his Reftoration, tho* none ever took more Pains to 
 quiet the Minds of his Subjeds than he conftantly 
 did, from the Moment of his Accefllon, to the ve- 
 ry End of his Reign. He found in the Kingdom 
 an Army of 40 or 50,000 Men, which it was his 
 firft Care to dilLand -, an Army of Se(n:aries and 
 Fanatics, difaffeded to Monarchy, grown infolenC 
 by a continued Licentioufncfs of many Years, and 
 which on former Occafions knew how to difobey 
 when ordered to be cafhiered. They did indeed 
 fubmit to be broke at this Time : But the old Leaven 
 ftill remained in both Officers and Soldiers, who 
 were genenijly Enthufiafe, daring and fit for any 
 defperate Enterprize, bitter Enemies to the Confti- 
 tution in the State, but infinitely more fo to that of 
 the Conftitiition of the Church of England, which 
 they Toon law reftored to all her Rights, contrary to 
 their Expc6lation. This enraged them to fuch a 
 degree, that for the firft eight or ten Years after the 
 Relloration, there pafifed fcarce a Day, in which a 
 C'onfpiracy was not carrying on in the City of Lon^ 
 dc'?^ or in fome Part or other of the Country to 
 
 raifc 
 
' 
 
 h 
 
 I.; . 
 
 ( 14 ) ■ 
 
 raife an InfurreAion, and involve the Nation in the 
 like Troubles from whicli it had juft before been de- 
 livered. The Wifdom, Experience and Vigilance of 
 the Duke of Albemarle^ and the Intelligence which 
 he krp^ in all Parts, were of infinite Service for the 
 Diicovery, and in Confequence thereof, for the de- 
 feating of thofe Defigns ; but ftill the Nation was 
 kept in a continual Alarm by luch Difcoveries. 
 
 Befidesthefe difbanded Soldiers, every Part of 
 the Nation was full of unquiet Spirits, bred up, poi- 
 foned and corrupted in the Times of Confufion, ex- 
 crcifed in Military Affairs during the Fury of the 
 Civil Wars, defpifing Dangers to which they had 
 been accuftomed, and not to be terrified by a View 
 thereof, from engaging in any Undertaking, to 
 which they were difpofcd by their Paflions, Interefl, 
 or Principles. They had been abfolute Mailers of 
 the Kingdom for near 20 Years pad; and feeing 
 themlclves turn'd out of all, were ready in the 
 Fury of their Refentment, to run any rifk to re- 
 cover their Power. They wanted not Arms to 
 equip them for the Field, the People not being 
 then ftripped of their Arms, as they have been 
 fince under the Pretence of Game A(5bs, i^c. And 
 And they had 2000, popular, though faftious 
 Teachers, provoked at the lofs of their Livings by 
 the Bartholomew' hd:^ difperfed all over the King- 
 dom, to incite their late Congregations to join in an 
 Infurreftion. The like Spirit prevailed in Ireland 
 and Scotland \ in the firft of which the difbanded 
 Fanatic Officers formed a Defign to feize the Caftle 
 of Dublin^ and raife an Infurredtion, in which all 
 of that Stamp,who apprehended themfelves aggriev- 
 ed by the Acl of Settlement, would readily have 
 concurred ; and in the latter a Rebellion aftually 
 broke out, though it was happily cruihed by the 
 Vidory gained at Pentland'Hills, over the Forces 
 of the Rebels. - , * 
 
 • "■ ^ ■ ' ' ' /■- to- 
 
•n in the 
 been de- 
 milance of 
 c which 
 ;for the 
 ' the de- 
 cion was 
 les. 
 
 Part of 
 up, poi- 
 fion, ex- 
 r of the 
 :hey had 
 a View 
 :ing, to 
 Intereft, 
 ifters of 
 d feeing 
 in the 
 k to re- 
 arms to 
 being 
 ve been 
 And 
 factious 
 ngs by 
 King- 
 pin in an 
 Ireland 
 banded 
 e Caftle 
 lich all 
 Lggriev- 
 have 
 actually 
 by the 
 Forces 
 
 ( '5 ) 
 
 In fome Part too of this Interval, the King was 
 engaged in a War with the Butcb^ the Fornni of 
 whofe Religious Principles agreed with the Senti- 
 ments of this furious Party of Malecontents ; who 
 therefore depended upon Succours from Holland^ to 
 fupport their Infurretftion, and had a regular Coun- 
 cil of their Leaders, that fat in London^ and held a 
 conftant Correfpondence with another Council form- 
 ed at Auifterdam^ and compofed of Englijh Officers 
 of their own Set and Principles ; who after being 
 broke in England^ had entered into the Dutch Ser- 
 vice, The States for their Part were ready to fa- 
 vour the Enterprize, whenever they faw it pradtica- 
 ble ; and were able by their Naval Force, which 
 was then at its Height, to give them at any Time 
 powerful Succours. But Holland was not the only 
 Enemy King Charles had to oppofe -, France was fo 
 too at the fame Time, in all the Greatnefs of her 
 Power by Land, and Miftrefs of a much better 
 Fleet at Sea, than (he has at prefent, which enabled 
 her, whilft ours was diverted by the Dutcby to 
 make a Defcent whenever Ihe could think it might 
 be done with Succefs. Ireland during the War with 
 thefe two Powers, was in no little Diftrefs, being 
 cut off from all their Commerce with both, of 
 which fhe ufed to make an Advantage 5 interrupted 
 in all her Trade with Foreign Parts ; and exafperat- 
 ed likewife againft England for the Prohibition of 
 Irijh Cattle, by which the Trade of the People of 
 ^hat Kingdom, was deftroyed with this, in a Junc- 
 ture when they could carry it on with no other Part 
 of the World. The Proteftant Intereft in Ireland^ 
 had not at that Time half the Strength it [has now, 
 and the Roman Catholic Gentlemen, as well as In- 
 habitants of the fame Religion, were then twice as 
 numerous as they are at prefent ; and were incenfed 
 by the late fpoiling them of a great Part of their 
 Eftates, by the Ads of Settlement, and the De- 
 
 ■ ** '■[ "_ ^ crees 
 
I 
 
 5 I 
 
 •*n 
 
 I' 
 
 ( 16 ) 
 
 crees of the Court of Claims ; fo thatthsre coulcrnot 
 be a Conjundture more favourable and inviting, 
 cither for the French to make a Dcfcent in Ireland^ 
 or for the Dutch to do the like in England y nor 
 better Reafon to prefume that their Forces, if once 
 landed, would be joined by great Numbers in both 
 Kingdoms. 
 
 In this Situation, infinitely more ticklini and expof- 
 cd, than aiiy that has been known in our Days, what 
 Mcthodjdid K.Charles take to fccure himfelf and the 
 Nation againft Commotions at Home, or Invafions 
 from Abroad ? Did he apply to that Parliament, 
 which the By-Stander reprefents fo very complaifant 
 to hit. on all Occafions, for Power to take up and 
 detain whom he pleafcd in Prifon, and to fufpend 
 the Petition of Rights and all the Laws formerly 
 made for the Liberty of the Subjedl ? Did he feize 
 any of their Members, and then acquaint the 
 Houfe with the Breach of their Privileges ? Or, 
 indeed take up any Number of his other Subjedls 
 upon bare Sufpicion ? Did he raife a Land Force of 
 40 or 50000 Men to be kept in the Kingdom for 
 its Defence ? Did he load the Nation with the Tax 
 of a Million, to maintain fuch an enormous Body of 
 ufelels Forces ? Did he feize the Occafion to lay any 
 Difficulties upon the Merchants, or any Embargo 
 upon Shipping? No, he took none of thefe Me- 
 thods; he loved his People too well to put them to 
 needlefs Charges, though they laboured under no 
 Debt ; he thought that no wife State v/6uld dare to 
 attempt an Invafion here, whilfl he had a Fleet at 
 Sea to fecure the Coaft, and iiinder their Defign j 
 he trufted to the AfFedions of the Nation in gene- 
 ral 5 who finding themfelves cafy and happy under 
 his Government, were averfe to any Change, and 
 fo much out-numbered the difcontented Parties, that 
 they were able to crufh any Infurrcction before it 
 could get to an Plead. It was a War in earneH-, 
 I ^ not 
 
coukrnot 
 inviting, 
 i Ireland^ 
 (iKdi nor 
 , if once 
 s in both 
 
 nd expof- 
 :iys, what 
 If and the 
 Invafions 
 rliatnent, 
 nplaifant 
 i up and 
 
 fiifpend 
 
 formerly 
 
 iie feize 
 
 lint the 
 
 ?s ? Or, 
 
 Subjeds 
 
 "orce of 
 
 Jom for 
 
 he Tax 
 
 Body of 
 
 lay any 
 
 mbargo 
 
 ;fe Me- 
 
 them to 
 
 ider no 
 
 dare to 
 
 Fleet at 
 
 Defign ; 
 
 n gene- 
 
 under 
 
 and 
 
 s, that 
 
 fore it 
 
 earnefV, 
 
 not 
 
 ^e, 
 
 (17) 
 
 not with an Enemy, weak, contemptible, remote, 
 and unprovided with a Naval Force to difputc 
 the Sea, or venture an Engagement ; but with 
 powerful Enemies, lying almoft round the Domi- 
 nions of Great'Briiain^ and fo near that the By- 
 stander * ftiles the Paflagey?^/)/>/«j from one Country 
 to the other, being feparated only by a narrow Chan- 
 nel, and Mafters of Fleets fuperior in Number of 
 Ships, and only cqual'd^ by the Bravery of the En- 
 glijh Seamen. And yet though the King was oblig- 
 ed to have a Fleet ftrong enough to fight the 
 DuUb and French Fleets united -, and to have Capi- 
 tal Ships always in, Readinefsto re-inforce his own 
 after the bloody Engagements, which happened in 
 the Courfc of the War •, he ftill took Care that the 
 Merchants fhouid never be without Convoys, when- 
 ever they were wanted 1 their Sliips were not kept 
 waiting at a vaft Expence, nor difabled to fail by 
 having their Hands preflfed j the Seamen too had 
 fuch Care taken of them, and liked the Service fo 
 well, that they offered themfelves in fuch Numbers^ 
 and were fo earneft to be lified^ that they employed and 
 made Friends to the Sea-Captains ^ to accept them. 
 See London Gazette ^ N^ 38. In a Word, fo much 
 Care was taken in this RefpecSV, fo good Order ob- 
 ferved in the ftationing of our Men of War-, and 
 fo much Vigilance ufed by the Captains of thofe 
 Cruizers •, that all the Gazettes^ Intelligences^ and 
 other News- Papers of thofe Times^ are conltantly 
 filled with Accounts of Fleers of Merchant-men, 
 failing under Convoy of our Ships of War ; of 
 Dutch Capers, French Privateers, and other VelTels 
 and Prizes taken from the Enemy, fo that the In- 
 telligence of January 2d, 1664, gives a Lift of 100 
 brought into Portfmoutb alone. Trade fufFered lit- 
 tle during the War ; and the Nation, notwithftand- 
 ;ng its LofTcs by the Plague and Fire of Lonc^on, 
 
 ' rx came 
 

 
 ( i8 ) 
 
 came richer out of it, than fhe entered into it, as 
 Dr, Davettant obfcrvcs •, and received great Benefit^ 
 from it for many Years after, as Sir Jofia Child has 
 fhcwn in his Difcourfe of Trade •, particularly with 
 Regard to the vail Number o^ Dutch Fly-boats that 
 were taken in it, proper for the Baltick and Eaftland 
 Trades, which were of prodigious Ulc to us, and 
 the only Thing that could have enabled us to carry 
 on that Branch of Commerce with Advantage. 
 
 With Regard to the Land Service, King Charles 
 did not think it needful to raife a finglc Regiment 
 on Account of the War •, but trufting entirely to 
 his Guards, and the Militia for the Defence of the 
 Kingdom, found thefe abundantly Sufficient. This 
 appeared on a remarkable Occafion, for the French 
 having in Favour of the D«/fi» declared War againfl: 
 us, on January 27, 1665, an Invafion was threa- 
 tened and expeded immediately ; Advice too was 
 fpread of their being a^lually landed in the IQe of 
 Purbeck, The next Maritime Counties hereupon 
 put themfelves in a Pofture of Defence ; and there 
 appeared in little more than a Day's Warning, be- 
 tween fixty and eighty Thoufand able reiblute Men, 
 well armed to defend them -, fo that no Defcent 
 was then attempted, and his Majefly fatisBed with 
 this Cgnal Inftance of Alacrity and Zeal, for his 
 and their Country's Service, diredted on Feb, 14, 
 (See London Gazette^ N*'. 27.) this Militia to be 
 ^ifmifled. The French afterwards at different Times 
 during the Courfe of the War, drew down nume- 
 rous Forces to the Coaft of Normandy^ in order to 
 give this Kingdom Apprehenfions of the like De- 
 fign ; but they did not fo much as alarm his Majefty, 
 or occafion the lead Expence to the Natjon -, and 
 even when the Butch in the Year 1667, in the laft 
 Month of the War, taking Advantage of our Se- 
 curity in a D^pendance on the Peace, then gn the 
 
 Point 
 
 } 
 
 * 
 
 1! 
 
into It, as 
 ac Benefit^ 
 J Child iias 
 ilarly with 
 •boats that 
 id Eaftland 
 :o us, and 
 js to carry 
 ntage. 
 ng Cbarlej 
 Regiment 
 entirely to 
 ice of the 
 It. This 
 he French 
 '^ar againft 
 was threa- 
 ? too was 
 le Ifle of 
 hereupon 
 and there 
 ning, be- 
 lute Men, 
 ) Defcent 
 ified with 
 > for his 
 Feb, 14, 
 tia to be 
 ent Times 
 'n nume- 
 order to 
 Jike De- 
 Majefty, 
 on ; and 
 the laft 
 our Se- 
 tt qn the 
 Point 
 
 ( 19 ) 
 
 Point of Conclufion, coafted with a great Fleet a- 
 long our Shore from the LandVEnd m the iVeft to 
 Newcnjile^ Northward \ they never could land a 
 Body ot Men, but they were immediately drove 
 back to their Ships by the Militia; fo little Reafon 
 is there to defpiie that Body of Men as ufelcfs, or 
 to imagine a Standing-Army of regular Troops to 
 be neccflary, even in n Time of fVar. 
 
 Experience is infinitely a better Foundation for 
 Judgment than any Man's Imaginations, efpecially 
 fuch wild Ones as thofe of the By-Slander^ who 
 may, if he pleafes, frighten himfelf with Embarka- 
 tions from every Part of the Univerlc ; but they 
 will never have the lead Effeft upon any Man of 
 Senl'e, who confiders the Situation of the Nation ac 
 the Time above-mentioned^ and how well we were 
 even then feciired froiti an Invafion.^ merely by our 
 Fleet and Militia^ without any Standing- Army. 
 This fmgle Experience is a fufficient Refutation of 
 all the Pretences of the Advocates for the Necefli- 
 ty of a Standing- Army ; for if ever a Defcent in 
 England was practicable^ eafy and fafe, it was when 
 France and Holland were united againft us ; thofe 
 two Powers having better Means and Facility of 
 doing it, than France (now Holland is out of the 
 queftion) could have, even in Conjunction With all 
 the other Powers of Europe. 
 
 We have very little Reafon then to tremble at 
 every Motion of the French Troops, as the By* 
 Slander is fond of reprefenting us *. If he really 
 does fo himfelf> it is no great Argument either of 
 his Courage or his j^iidgment", any more than it is 
 of his Modefty or Regard to Truths to impute fuch 
 Fears to the Nation in its prefent Spirit, which 
 breathes nothing fo much as a War with France^ for 
 the Recovery of our Trade, and Support of the 
 Queen of //wTg'^ry. 
 
 * P-g. 13. ' ' ,.. ' 
 
 x> % i 
 
Ill 
 
 V , i 
 
 , ! 
 
 (20) 
 
 I need not take Notice of fcveral Blunders and 
 Miftakes of the By-Stander^ which arc already cx- 
 pofcd in the Proper Jnfwer, nor of his Ignorance, 
 very grofs if real, and very infincere if alFeifled •, 
 that the French getting PofTcffion of the Spanijh 
 Monarchy was owing not to the difbanding of the 
 Englijh Army after *he Peace of /?y7«;/V)t j but to the 
 Treaty of Partition. I fliaii only obferve farther, 
 that had thcForcc kept up in England been ten Times 
 greater than it was, it could not have prevented 
 rhe fatal ElTeds of that Treaty; or if it would. 
 King IVilliam mud have had lefs Regard to the In- 
 tcrclt of this Nation ; lefs Concern for preferving 
 the Ballance of Power in Europe ; lefs Credit with 
 the People of England^ or lefs Capacity for Go- 
 vernment, than King Charles II. had ; (none of 
 which I fancy will be cafily granted in thefe Times,) 
 or he might have faved Flanders at leaft, from fal- 
 ling into their Hands. In the Beginning of the 
 Year 1678, when the Troops of Lewis XIV. were 
 over-running that Country like a Torrent, and no 
 other Means appeared of faving the lead Part of it •, 
 King Charles, though he had no Standing-Army on 
 Foot, did yet in the Space of forty Days, put 90 
 Men of War to Sea, and raifed a Body of 30000 
 Men; loooo of which were immediately tran- 
 fported over to Flanders, and the reft were follow- 
 ing with all pofllble Expedition ; when France not 
 yet weakened with a Ten Years War agamft a 
 •mighty Confederacy, thought fit to confent to ftop 
 the Progrefs of her Arms, and fubmit to the Peace 
 of Nitneguen. Such was the Vigour with which 
 that Englijh Prince, exerted himfelf to ftop the ex- 
 orbitant Greatnefs of the French Monarch. Had 
 King IVilliam (after the Power of France had been 
 reduced, and her p'inances exhautled by a long 
 War) with potent Allies to ilipport him ; whofe 
 Parliaments were ever as ready to grant, as he was 
 
 > ^ " - - . 'Ji, ^ : • to 
 
dcrs and 
 
 ready cx- 
 
 gnorancc, 
 
 afFedlcd ; 
 
 ic Spanijh 
 
 ng of the 
 
 but to the 
 
 e farther, 
 
 ten Times 
 
 prevented 
 
 It would, 
 
 to the In- 
 
 )referving 
 
 edit with 
 
 ' for Go- 
 
 (none of 
 
 e Times,) 
 
 from fal- 
 
 g of the 
 
 IV. were 
 
 :, and no 
 
 ?art of it •, 
 
 Army on 
 
 ;, put 90 
 
 of 30000 
 
 ely tran- 
 
 follow- 
 
 ranee not 
 
 aga^ind a 
 
 It to (lop 
 
 lie Peace 
 
 which 
 
 3 the ex- 
 
 1. Had 
 
 lad been 
 
 a long 
 
 whofe 
 
 he was 
 
 h 
 
 ( 21 ) 
 
 to crave, any Sums, how immcnfc focvcr, that weru 
 wanted for a French War; who had already a num- 
 ber of old Regiments on foot, fo thin of Men. and 
 fo overftockcd with Officers, that their Force mi^ht 
 have been trebled in a Week ; befidcs a vaft nu:': 
 ber of Half-pay Officers, an Eftablifhment nev^t' 
 known before in £»^/^«^; had, I fay. King IVil- 
 lianty with thele and other Advantages, which his 
 Uncle wanted, exerted himfclf in 1700, in the 
 fame manner that King Charles did in 1678; the 
 j Dutch Troops would not have been fo eafily turned 
 out of their Garrifons, in the ftrong Towns of 
 Flanders •, which afterwards coft this Kingdom an 
 infinite Expcnce of Blood and Treafure, and that 
 vidtorious General, the late Duke of Marlborough^ 
 (though attended with a conftant Train of Succefs) 
 ten Years Time to recover. 
 
 The By-SianJer * impute: the Redudlion of the 
 Army to 7000 Men to the Malice of the Tories, 
 and the Infatuation of the IFhigs. But what room 
 is there for the Charge of Malice, when tiie "Fortes 
 did the fame Thing in the I'ime of Qiiecn Anne, 
 (to whom certainly they had no Malice) after the 
 Peace of Utrecht^ as they contributed to the doing 
 after that of Ryfwick? The Adminidratiou and all 
 the Power of the Nation was in their Hands, when 
 the Peace of Utrecht was concluded : And if they 
 had entertained any ill Defigns, they would natu- 
 rally have kept up a Standing- Army, and have mo- 
 delled it for their Purpofe, as other Minifters have 
 done fince for theirs. They could have found their 
 Private Intereft in ir, as much as any Miniikrs have 
 done fmce-, had it been confident with the 
 Duty they owe their Country, and the Regard they 
 profefs to its Liberties : And if they have conftant- 
 iy oppofed a Scanding-Army fince, it (hews fuch a 
 Confillency in their Conduct j (which has been in 
 
 . - ♦ Page 12. ,. . . 
 
 this 
 
( 22 ) 
 
 thi's Point (6 equal on all Occafions) that it miift btf 
 the Height of Prejudice and Injuftice to impute fo 
 conftant a Series of Condudl to any other Motive 
 than Principle, which ever (hews itfelf uhiforml/ 
 in all Times and Situations whatever. 
 
 What the Tories did after the Peace of Uirecht 
 was entirely their own A<5t % but what was done for 
 breaking the Army after that of Ryfwickj they were 
 not^able to efFedt ot themfelves ; and it would be un- 
 pardonable to rob the fi/'bfgs of any Share ot their 
 Merit in that A6t of Jufticc to their Country. Every 
 Body that knows the Affairs of that Time, knows 
 Jikcwi'""? that the Government had taken fuch Med- 
 furcs with the Members of Parliament ; that when 
 it met, they thought themfelves fure of carrying 
 their Point for a numerous Army; of which the 
 Duub Troop of Horfe-Guards, and Lord Portland*^ 
 Dutch Regiment of Horfe, making the firft 220, 
 and the latter 699 Men, arid the Dutch Blue Foot 
 Guards of four Battalions, making 267 / Men, were 
 to be a Parr. But Mr. Trenchard publifliing, jr the 
 meeting of the Houfes, his famous Pamphlet, en* 
 titled, yffi Argument againft a Standing- Army \ in the 
 Title-Page of which appears the well known Fable 
 of the Horfe and Stag, quoted out of Horace^ this 
 opened the Eyes of all the V.^orld, and (hew'd them 
 lb evidently the imminent Danger of a Standing- 
 Army, that it defeated all the Meafures of the Mi- 
 niftry : The Army was reduced, and the Dutch 
 Guards fl-nt to their own Country. But why mufl: 
 the Whigs be charged with Infatuation in this Con- 
 du6t, when it was perfeftiy agreeable to their a- 
 vowed Principles ? Were their Predeceflbrs in 1641, ' 
 and 1680, to rife out of their Grave, and fee any ' 
 Pretenders to that Name, voting now for a Stand- 
 ing-Army, they would denounce them Apoftates 
 from their Principles, and treat them with as muchi 
 Scorn and Dctcftatiof!, as the Bj-Stander puts upon 
 
 the 
 
(23) 
 
 the Dutch Guards, when ftepping from an ungrateful 
 '^jind^ that chofe to truft their Liberties to their own 
 Countrymen, rather than to foreign Mercenaries. 
 
 I have not obferved the By-Stander affcdting to 
 fhew his Eloquence on any Subject fo much, as on 
 this of the Butch Guards, for whom he exprefles a 
 Tendernefs, that it would have become him much 
 better to have fliewed in the Behalf of his native 
 Country j he breaks out into a pompous Declama- 
 tion, and reprefents even the heroic General him- 
 felf in Tears upon the Occafion. With what View 
 he does this, he can bed explain : But every true 
 Friend to Liberty will ever relied, (with Gratitude 
 to that Parliament) on the Merit and Confequences 
 of this Adlion of fending away the Dutch Guards, 
 to which a little Thinking will convince them, that 
 the Name and Shadow we as yet retain of Liberty 
 is in a great Meafure owing. Give the fFaters Faf- 
 fage^ not even in a little^ is one of the wifeft Maxims 
 in Politics : Precedents are the Rule of Bodies of 
 Men •, Particulars that compofe them fcarce know 
 what they do when they create them in any Cafe, 
 much more in Points of high Importance and a dan- 
 gerous Nature •, fora fingle Precedent is often worth 
 more than a thoufand weighty Reafons againd it in 
 a Debate. And had a Parliament once created a 
 Precedent of keeping a (landing Force of Dutch 
 Guards in this Kingdom, no body can tell what 
 might by this Time have been the Confequence. 
 A Confidence placed in one Government cannot, 
 with any Grace, nor even without the higheft Af- 
 front, be denied to another. The like Merits would 
 eafily be found out in other Foreigners, and as fine 
 Declamations made in their Favour, as the By- 
 Slander ufes in Behalf of the Dutch \ whofe Com- 
 plaints on this Subjefl are fo very unrealbnable and 
 extraordinary, as to give weak People, who do not 
 fee into the Depths of Politics, ropm to fufp.-cl th^t 
 
 Z he 
 
 f 
 
( 24 ) ; 
 
 jic wanted a Precedent which would have flattered 
 
 fome Views of his own, and ferve to introduce other 
 
 Foreigners, whenever his Patron's Interefl, or the 
 
 ' Diftrefs of his Affairs, Ihould make it neceffary for 
 
 ' his Purpofe i nor will they eafily get rid of thefe 
 
 Sufpicions, or find out any other Reafon for thofe 
 
 ' terrible Complaints trumped up at this Time of Day, 
 
 'till he fliall be pleafed to affign a better. 
 
 It is fcarce worth while to take Notice of the 
 wild Schemes, which the By-Stander forms for the 
 attacking of France \n Page 19-20, and 23. That 
 an Englijh_ Fleet, with a confiderable Land Force 
 on Board, may make Defcents on the Coaft, harrafs 
 ' the maritime Provinces, and put the French to the 
 Expence of raifing the Ban and Arrierehan^ is eafy 
 enough to be imagined, though two fuch Enter- 
 . prizes in King Williarr^^ Time did not turn to any 
 * Account ; but how an Attack fhould be made hy Sea 
 ' in the Heart of the moji fruitful Provinces of that 
 ^ Country (p. 2 3. J is perfectly incomprehenfible. The 
 Cevennois, in truth, made an Infurreftion during 
 ' the late War, and fubfifted for fome Time, by the 
 Help of thei'r Situation, in a vafl Trafl of craggy 
 Mountains, running from the Extremity of the Fi- 
 varais, on the Side of Lyon^ for 150 Miles in length 
 to the Gevaudan. But our Fleet contributed no- 
 ; thing to this Infurreftion, nor was it able to convey 
 them any Succours ; the only Way by which this 
 ' was poffible to be done, was from the Coaft of Lan-, 
 guedoc ; and this when attempted was found impra<5li- 
 cablc, as were all the Schemes formed, either by the 
 Marquefs of Miremont, or by M. de Guifcard, ei- 
 ther for fending thofe People Relief, or for raifing 
 ' Infurreftions in other Provinces. I have been fe- 
 veral Times in Normandy^ Eretagne^ and Languedoc^ 
 " and never found any Signs of Difcontent in thofe 
 ■ Provinces. There is no Prince of the Blood now to 
 head an Infurre^lion ; the.e is no powerful' united 
 
the 
 lei- 
 
 to 
 jed 
 
 (2S) 
 
 Body of Proted.mts able to make a Stand againft 
 the Power of the Crown, and fupport the Caule 
 of Liberty ; even the Nobility, corrupted by Pen- 
 lions neceflary for their Subfifl-encc, fuitably to their 
 Quality, are as fond of their Chains as the common 
 •People, after being fo long ufed to them, and have 
 adapted the fame mean fervile Spirit j fo that no 
 Head can be formed there for an Infurredlion, and 
 as there are no ftrong Holds in the Heart of the 
 Kingdom to fecure People that rife, for a few Days, 
 '^ill they can get to an Head, it is utterly impra(5ti- 
 cable to raife a Rebellion (however People were dit- 
 pofed to it) but it mufr be quelled in a Moment. 
 
 Were it otherwife, it would ftill be a ftrange Mad- 
 nefs in Politics, for us to beggar ourfelves with 
 Taxes, to maintain a large (landing Army in Time 
 of Peace (which the By-Stander, in his great Wi(^ 
 dom and Providence recommends) in order to attack 
 France in this Way, whenever a War fhall break 
 out. The Inftance of King Charles II. abovemen- 
 tioned fhews, that this Nation is always in a readi- 
 nefs to fend Forces Abroad when neceflary j fince 
 forty Days Time has been found by Experience fuf- 
 iicient for that Purpofe ; and the fame Experience 
 Ihews us, that new raifcd Forces are not ufelefs be- 
 caufe they are unexperienced ; for the 10,000 £«- 
 glijhy which charged under the Duke of Monmouth 
 and the Earl of OJory^ at the Battle of St. Dennis 
 near MonSy diftinguifhed themfelves by their Bra- 
 very, above the refl: of the Confederate Forces in 
 that Adlion, and it was chiefly by their Efforts, that 
 the great Luxemburg^ at the Head of a French Army, 
 compofed of Veterans^ and better Troops than 
 France can boaft of now, was forced to quit the 
 Field, and the Blockade of Mons was raifed. No 
 Troops of our own in the late War ever behaved 
 themfelves better, than thefe frcfli Men did in that 
 Battle 5 and indeed, I have heard it allowed univer- 
 
 £ iilly 
 
( 26) 
 
 fally by Officers of different Nations in Europe^ that 
 ■the En^ifit Recruits will fight as well the lit il Cam- 
 paign (which .can be laid of no other Nation), as if 
 they had been inured to Service, and will never 
 quit their Officers in any Danger whatever, but iland 
 their Ground as long as their Leaders will dare to 
 keep the Field. Nor is this a new Obfervation ; 
 the Cafe was ever the fame ; fo that though we had 
 no ftanding Army in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth 
 or King James I. yet that great General Prince Mau- 
 ricedi Naffau, chofe to fight with the new raifcd Eng" 
 UJh fent to his Succour, even before their Englifi 
 Beef was digefled in their Stomachs. 
 
 The By-Slander J having laboured for 2& Pages 
 with Dreams of Imagination rather thzn Arguments, 
 to lull the People of England into a falfe Security, 
 under all the Dangers and Grievances of a (landing 
 Army, endeavours, in the reft of his Performance, 
 to reconcile them to the pre/enf enormous Power of the 
 Crowny (p. 31.) and would fain have them believe it 
 much le£ than its ancient Power, which he is will- 
 ing to confound with the Prerogative, He com- 
 plains heavily of the Author of the Bijfertation on 
 Parties for concealing every Branch of its antient 
 Power, and mifreprefenting the State of Things ; 
 though after above 70 tedious Pages of wretched 
 Suppofitions and unfair Calculations, fit rather to 
 puzzle a Caufe than clear it, he leaves him at laft 
 as he found him, i. e. unrefuted. 
 
 It is a ftrange Thing, that People will be giving 
 themfelves Airs of pronouncing in a decifive Man- 
 ner, touching Things of which they muft be con- 
 fcious they are utterly ignorant. One naturally pi- 
 ties Ignorance, when it is attended by its decent 
 Companion Mbdefty 5 but when it ftruts forward 
 with an infolent Air, accompanied wii! Self-Confi- 
 dence anda Cenfure of othera, it is inexcufable, and 
 defervcs to be carpofcd. Tlic By -S tender y when he 
 
 fpcaks 
 
 \i 
 
)g 
 
 id 
 
 le 
 
 ( 27 ) 
 
 fpeaks, p. 30. about the ancient Power of the Crown, 
 exprcflcs himfelf (o unintelligibly to every Anti- 
 quary, that it is plain he knows nothing of the 
 Matter, and one muft have Recourfe to Guefs-work 
 to make out his Meaning. I am willing, however, 
 in Confideration of his Ignorance, to impute to his 
 wretched Informers the Miftake about IV. Rufus's 
 exading 20 Shillings a Head from 20,000 Men, 
 , ^ whom he had fummoned for his Service in JVJv- 
 mandy : It is lamentable that they can't fb much as 
 tell him Truth in mere Trifles. fV, Rufus^ with 
 lets Senfe, was fuU as arbitrary as his Father the 
 Conqueror : And no Precedents of his were thought 
 fit 10 be copied in other Reigns. Matthew Paris 
 relates this Paflage in the Year 1094, and fays, that 
 ^. Rufus falling unjuftly, and contrary to the Sen- 
 tence of their common Arbitrators, upon his elder 
 Brother Robert in Normandy^ the latter invited to 
 his Afliftance Philips King of France^ who came 
 with a mighty Army, which would have invefled 
 and taken Rufusy if he had not by a Sum of Money 
 prevailed upon that King to retire with his Forces, 
 Rufus, in this Circuml^ance, had more Occafion 
 for Money than he had for the Service of the Men 
 he had fummoned, and therefore ordered them to 
 be difmiiled at the Sea-fide, upon paying not 20, 
 but 10 Shillings a Man for their Viduals ; which, 
 whether they were fupplied with out of his Maga- 
 zines, the Hiftorian does not fay ; nor does he com- 
 plain of it as an Opprefljon, which he feldom fails 
 to do in the Cafe of any Grievance. 
 
 Before I take Notice of what the By-Stander (ays 
 further on this SubjeiV, it may not be amils to ob- 
 ferve, that by the ancient Power of the Crown^ I 
 mean that Power which was inherent in it, and ex- 
 ercifed by it conftantly and regularly inordinary Cal^ 
 cs in the common Courfe of Government : And 
 by the Prerogative^ I mean that Power which it af- 
 
 E 2 fumed 
 
 \ 
 
 i 
 
 4 
 
 » 
 
(28) 
 
 fumed on extraordinary Occarions, luddcn Erncr- 
 gencies, and in Cafes of NccefTity •, in which Cafes 
 Mr. Locke^ in his Difcourfe of Government, is an 
 Advocate for its Exercife. This I take to be the 
 Senfe in which thefe Words, the royal Prerogative^ 
 are generally ufed by AVriters, that exprefs them- 
 felves determinately ; and in this Senfe the Prero^ 
 gative certainly was little more than a Phantom ; 
 becaule the Exercife of it being unufual, it always 
 created ill Blood, and did more Prejudice than it e- 
 ver brought Profit to the Crown. Of this Kind I 
 take the Loans^ Benevolences and free Gifts (of which 
 the By-Stander complains) to be : But the People 
 were fo far from being continually forced to grant 
 them, that I do not believe he can produce a dozen 
 Inftances thereof from the Conqueft to this Time : 
 I am fure that I have obferved no more than thefe 
 following, viz. One in the nth of Edward I. two 
 in each of the Reigns of Richard II. and Edw, IV. 
 and one in each of the Reigns of Henry VII. Hen^ 
 ry VIII. King James and King Charles I. which laft 
 brought in fo little, and occafioned fuch general 
 Difcontent, that no Prince in his Senfes will ever 
 venture on the like Experiment again. 
 
 Fines were anciently paid for the Grants of Liber- 
 ties and Franchifes, in Law-Proceedings, for Li- 
 ccnfes to marry, and in other Cafes, for Offices, 
 Privileges, and Favours of different Natures ; but 
 I do not believe it cod the Subjed: more to obtain 
 thefe in former Times, than it doth now j only the 
 Money went into the King's Treafury, and now it 
 is funk in the Pockets of his Minifters and Servants, 
 l^wtCompoJitions for Scut age and Knights Service were 
 never heard of by any Mortal, 'till the By-Stander 
 Iws thought. fit to bring them on the Stage, and 
 (what is yet more extraordinary) by a creative Ta- 
 lent, which would, in the Time of King Henry VII, 
 hiive enftbled him to fupplant Empfon and Dudley m 
 
 that 
 
I 
 
 I * 
 
 [I 
 ll 
 
 r 
 
 9 
 
 t 
 
 ( 29 ) 
 
 that Prince's Favour, and have recommended him 
 to the firft Poft in his Finances, hath raifec an inex^ 
 bauftible Fufid of IVealtb out of thefe Compofitions 
 to the Crown. Knight-Service was a Kind of Te- 
 nure, by which Lands were held either of the Crown 
 or of the Lords, and which obliged the Tenant to 
 no Payment of Rent, but only to perfonal Service. 
 Scutage was indeed a Payment in Money, afllfM 
 upon Knights Fees in lieu of perfonal Service ; for 
 every Perfon who held of the King as of his Crown 
 by Knight-Service, was obliged to do perfonal Ser- 
 vice in the King's Army, or in fome of his Caftles, 
 or find another Knight to do it in his ftead ; and 
 could not be excufed from this Service, though he 
 was ready to pay the Scutage, without the King's 
 exprefs Confent ; though fuch as held Lands by 
 Knight-Service, as of fome Honour devolved to 
 the Crown by Efcheat, were not obliged to the like! 
 perfonal Service, being excufed by paying their Scu- 
 tage. This Scutage, or pecuniary Payment in lieu 
 of perfonal Service, varied often as to the Qiiantity 
 of the Rate ; but the fame Rate was aflelTed upon 
 every Body in Proportio'.i to the Number of their 
 Fees i it was generally from one to three Marks a 
 Knight's Fee, fometimes 10 Shillings, but hardly* 
 ever above three Marks, and very feldom fo high. 
 Now the ordinary Value of a Knight's Fee in thofe 
 ancient Times was 20 Pounds a Year (though the 
 Lands now might well be fet for 500 Pounds a 
 Year) and I am apt to think the Gentlemen of 
 England would now-a-days gladly enough fubmic to 
 fuch Payments, rather than to the heavy Taxes, 
 which they pay out of their Eftates every Year, 
 whereas the Scutages were but rarely levied. In the 
 adive Reign of Henry II. more infefted with Wars 
 than any other in our Hiftory, I find but 7 Scutages 
 aflefled ; in that of Richard I. but two ; in King 
 ^ Johis eleven, fifteen in the s^ Years of Henry III. 
 
 and 
 
 ' ' 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 \ ■ I 
 
 i J 
 
 II 
 
(3°) 
 
 Und one in his Son King Edward*s Reign ; after 
 which I find no Mention of them either in the Pipe- 
 rolls, or in our old Hiftoriiins or Statutes. So tliat 
 if ihefc Scutages be what the By Slander means by 
 his CompofitioHS for Scutage and Knights Service^ I 
 can't fee any Reafon for his Affertion, that an in- 
 cxhauftible Fund of Wealth arofe from them to the 
 Crown. 
 
 Whatever this Branch of the Revenue originally 
 produced, the Crown was foon defrauded of a great 
 part of it, as Mr. Madox informs us in his Baronia 
 jingUca, fVilliam the Conqueror diftribiitirig tiie 
 Lands of England among his Barons created, lomc 
 fay 60,000, and others 32,000 Knights Fees; Mr. 
 Madox inclines to this laft Opinion. Thefe Grants 
 Were made by the Crown to the Barons upon Terms 
 eafy enough, no Rent being referved upon them ; 
 only the Tenant was obliged to ferve the King per- 
 fohally in his Wars, and without Pay for forty 
 Days, and was fubjed to three occafional Aids, viz, 
 for the King's Ranfom, the making his eldeft Son 
 a Knight, and the Marriage of his eldefl Daughter. 
 If the Tenant could not conveniently attend the 
 king in the Field, nor get another Knight to go in 
 his ftead and perform the Service, he paid Scutage ; 
 which at the higheft Rate of 40 s. a Knights Fee, was 
 an eafy Com mutation enough for aperfonal Service in 
 all the Dangers and Incommodities of the Field for 
 forty Days, at his own Expence, (it being but i s, 
 a Day) and even this Money he was repaid by his 
 own Under-Tenants, as he 'would have been in Virtue 
 o£ the King's Writ, had he performed his perfonal 
 Service ; fo that Gentlemen fuffered no great Hard- 
 Ihip in this Relbedt. Now this Scutage was fcarce 
 above once in forty Years rated fo high as at 40 s. 
 the Knight's Fee, and at this Rate it would have 
 produced 64,000 /. if it had been duly paid, and 
 no one Body had performed his Duty of perfonal 
 
 Service, 
 
 t 
 c 
 
 tl 
 c 
 
(3' ) 
 
 Service. But Mr. Madoii tells us, that when the 
 Barons and Knights were fummoned to the Field* 
 they were, upon their Arrival in the Hoft, mufter* 
 cd by the Conftable or Marfhai, and delivered in 
 Certificates or Accounts of the Number of the Fees 
 they held, and generally took Occafion to fink or 
 conceal a good Part of them ; a Fraud which thofe 
 great Officers, not having by them the old Roils 
 and Certificates lodged in the Exchequer^ could not 
 discover : And the Fraud went daily on continuing 
 and increafing, 'till this Branch of the King's Re- 
 venue was reduced to a Trifle. For when Procefi 
 iflfued out of the Exchequer to levy Scutaee, (ac- 
 cording to the Certificates and Rolls there lodged) 
 upon the Abfentces, thefe pleaded they were charg- 
 ed with more Knights Fees than they held, and pro- 
 duced the Certificates of the Conftable and Marfhai 
 for their former Service, fraudulently obtained as is 
 faid above. This introduced great Gbnfufion in the 
 levying of Scutage, Perfons being charged for fome 
 Time for fo many Fees as they owned, and for fb 
 many as they did not acknowledge ; and no Way 
 could be found to remedy this Diforder, but by 
 leaving it to the Nobility and Gentry to fix the Num- 
 ber of their own Fees, and getting them to meet 
 together to fettle the Rate of the Scutage } which 
 being feldom above 20 j. a Knight's Fee \ and the 
 Number of thefe Fees being thus reduced, proba- 
 bly to one half, the Scutage would not produce above 
 16000/. This being the Cafe, and Edward I. hav- 
 ing (ceded the Form of our Parliaments agreeable 
 to their prefent Conftitution, our Kings (I Uippofe) 
 finding the Way of Subfidies upon Land more 
 
 pro- 
 
 fkftble and convenient for their AfiTairs, did not 
 think fit to infill any longer upon this Revenue of 
 Scutage, which the By-Stander reprefcnts as ineX"' 
 baufllbk. 
 
 i 
 
 , 1 
 
11 
 
 ( 32 ) 
 
 By Compofitions for Knight's Service^ I Fancy the 
 By-Stanaer means Conopofitions for Knighthood^ eve- 
 ry Pcrfon being obliged by ancient Cufton), if he 
 held 10 1, a Year (the Value of a Knight's Fee) 
 of the King in Capitis to receive Knighthood at his 
 Hands, if fummoned, when he came to a certain 
 Age, to receive it: In ancient Times when the 
 Feudal Cadoms were kept up in all their Rigour, 
 there were fo many Privileges annexed to Knight- 
 hood 5 that every Tenant of the Crown by Knight's 
 Service, would gladly have given more than the 
 Fees of Creation, to have his eldeft Son knighted } 
 fo that t*" ere was little Occafion for any fuch gene- 
 ral Summons, as (like that of the 25 Henry VIII.) 
 was iifcd in King Charles Id's Time, who thought 
 he mitigated the Law, in fummoning only fuch as 
 held 40 /. a- Year (double the reputed Value of a 
 Knight's Fee) immediately of the Crown, and em- 
 powered Commiflloners in each County, to com- 
 pound with fuch as did not care to be knighted \ of 
 "which, as Lord Clarendon has given an Account in 
 his Hiftory of the Rebellion^ I fhall fay no more •, 
 only obferving that whatever Revenue arofe from 
 hence in ancient Times, it came in by fmall Sums, 
 and was too inconfiderable to engage the Notice of 
 our Hiftorians. 
 
 The Grants of Monopolies brought in little or 
 nothing to the Crown, whatever they did to the 
 Minifters and Officers about Court, by whofe Re- 
 commendation, and through whofe Hands they 
 were to pafs. They were made upon the Pretences 
 of ufeful Difcoveries, and of Improvements for 
 Public Good ; and pafled in the ufual Forms, after 
 having undergone the Examination of the proper 
 Officers, and been approved of by the King's 
 Counfel. If the King was deceived in any of thefe 
 Grants, it is a Misfortune that has happened to the 
 wifeft, through the Avarice and Corruption of their 
 ' I Mini- 
 
' 
 
 (33) 
 
 Miniftcrj, iipoh whofe Report thry rely in fiich 
 Cafes i and it happened in many Cafes to Qiii'ea 
 Elizabeth herfelf, notwithftanding all her Sagacity, 
 Stridtnds of Enquiry, and Jealoufy of all that were 
 about her Court. 
 
 Ship-Money had been an old Tax levied by the 
 Prerogative, even in the Saxon Times, and paid . "• 
 Virtue thereof in every Reign after the C()nqueft,'cili 
 "we lift all the Provinces that belonged to us in 
 Frances after which there were few Occafions of 
 fitting out Ships for foreign Expeditions antl Ser- 
 vices. It feeffis to have lain heavier on the Mari- 
 time Places, on fome Occafions, in former Times, 
 'than it did in King C/^^r/^A; for King Edw. III. 
 had eleven Hundred Ships fitted out upon his Writs* 
 at the Seigc of Calais^ of which 44 were furnifhed 
 by the Town of Foway in Cornwall^ which mud 
 'have occafioned a vail Expence, though borne by 
 the whole County. Since Men of War are come 
 in ufe, the Ships of fuch Towns are of lictle Ser- 
 vice in War, and the Tax was grown obfolete, 
 when king Charles revived it, to enable himfelf ro 
 clear the ^qcl of Pyrates, to fupport the Honour of 
 the En'^UJh Flag, and to put the Royal N.ivy into a 
 good Condition. He raifed it for four Years, and 
 it brought in about 200,000/, a-Yearj and it 
 would be very happy for England^ if the immcnfe 
 Sums of Money fince raifed ,for the Sea-Service, 
 liad been as faithfully and effedlually employed to 
 the ufe of the Navy, the Benefit of Commerce, and 
 ■the good of the Kingdom. 
 
 The By-Slander is further pleafed to afTert it as a 
 Thing, than ^johich^ vothing is more evident^ that the 
 Prerogative gave the Crown a Power almoji un limit- 
 ed, over the Lives and Proierti^s of the Suhj:ih ; 
 but he does not vouchfafe to fpccify any one Point 
 of the Prerogative, which carried with it fuch 
 a Power. Dolus lc4ct in gcncralibus, is an old 
 
 F . Maxim > 
 
 I 
 
 3. 
 
( 34 ) 
 
 M:ixini •, 'tis the Praftice of all Deceivers to ad- 
 vance Things boldly which have the not lead Foun- 
 dation i and ro deal in general AflTertions, which 
 prove nothing, and ought ever to be miftrulled, as 
 calculated only to impofe on the weak and credulous 
 • Part of the \Vorld. What little Keafon there is 
 for this of the By-Siandcr\ will appear, when I come 
 to compire the Power of the Crown in former 
 Timt-s, with what it is at prclent*, which I had 
 chiefly in my View, when Ibegunthcfe Remarks on 
 the By-Slander *, who has the Afllirance to main- 
 tain, that the Power of the Crown is not increafcd 
 fince the Revolution ; (and what muft be more fur- 
 prifing to every Man that feels the Burden of our 
 , Taxes,) not even in the Power of Money. As this 
 is the main Point for which he labours from Page 
 31. to the very End ©f his Pamphlet; though he 
 takes Care often to lofe Sight of his Argument by 
 interfperfing Reflexions foreign to the Subjedl, and 
 to amufe his Reader with ridiculous Suppofitions j 
 I fhail therefore confider this Point more particu- 
 larly than he has done, and with more Method than 
 ' he could have done without expofing himfelf. 
 
 Our Kings for ibme time after the Conqueft had 
 very few Aids from their Subjeds ; but lived almofl: 
 entirely on their own Revenues. JVilliam the Con- 
 queror's firfl: View in dividing the Lands into 
 Knight's Fees, and difl:ributing thefe among his 
 Barons, was to provide for the Defence of the 
 Realm. What was not thus difl:ributed he either 
 kept in Demtfne to fupply his Houfhcld with Pro- 
 vifions, or grantci out to Towns and Boroughs, at 
 a certain Fee-Farm Rent, and fubjeftto fome occa- 
 fional Duties. Lands held of the Crown in Capite^ 
 by Knight's Serivce, paid nothing in Money to the 
 Xing, except occafionally in three Cafes, viz. to 
 jnarry his cldeft Daughter, to make his eldeft Son a 
 
 ;.. ,- . * Page 35. 
 
 . *. - Knight, 
 
 'N 
 
 I. 
 
 >b> 
 
* 
 
 i 
 
 I'" 
 
 (35) 
 
 Knight, and to ranfom his Pcrfon if taken in War; 
 in all which Cafes thcic immctliatc Tenants o(' the 
 Crown, received the like Aids from their VafHils or 
 Under-Tenants, (o that they were no LoHms by 
 thcfe Duties and Payments. The Towns alio and 
 Boroughs, Manors and Lands of the King's Dc- 
 mefne, were fubje(5l to thefe occafional Aids, paid 
 generally under the Name of llidage \ none of 
 which could be charged above once in a King's 
 Reign ; and the lad never happened but one. , in 
 in the Cafe of Richard I. when it was rated at ?o/. 
 the Knight's Fee. The Rate afllfled for ih'' oihcr 
 two Aids, varied at different Times. Iliinry I. 
 took 3 J. for each Hide (which was about loo 
 Acres) for the Marriage of his Daughter to tlic 
 Empron Henry II. for the Marriage of his to 
 the Duke of Saxony^ levied one Mark upon each 
 Knight's Fee. There was no Aid of thefe Kinds 
 in the Time of Richard I. or of King John^ whofe 
 Daughter Ifabei, was not married to K\\t Emiicior 
 *cill his Son's Reign, when two Marks \vere paid out: 
 of every Knight*is Fee, a greater Affeffmcnt than- 
 ever was made on the like Occafion •, for whca 
 Henry III. married his owrr Daughter, the Quota 
 was but 20 J. a J:^'ee , and this was tlie iaft 'I'lme 
 any King of England fixed the Rate-, it being af- 
 fefled in the Time of Edward 1. and ever after by 
 Ccnfent of Parliament. And if it be conHdered 
 how much the Number of Knight's Fees v;as k-flen- 
 ed by the Concealments, ufed to defraud the King- 
 of his Scutage, this Aid can hardly be tliouglic to 
 exceed 16000/. ^c . ' • w' 
 
 If this Aid was raifcd but feklorn, that for 
 knighting the King's eldeft Son, was levied llill 
 more rarely. Mr. Madox being able to find but 
 one Inftance of it, in the Time of Henry III. vvhcn 
 Prince Edward was knighted, and then the Aid was 
 fcctled by the Grant of the Barons- thcmftivcs af- 
 , - F 2 Icmblcd 
 
 \ 
 

 { 3* ) 
 
 fcmbtcd In Parliament, at 40 s. n Knight*s Fee» aft 
 v^hich Rate it might amount to about 32,000/, Thefe 
 were all the Sums raifed upon Land on thefc three. 
 Accounts to the Time of Edward I. when the re« 
 gular meeting of Parliaments occafioned the old 
 Duties to be difufed, and all Aids were granted in 
 the Way of Subfidies upon Land, and of Tenths, 
 Fifteenths and Twentieths upon Goods and Mer*- 
 €handize, of which I fhall fpeak hereafter. 
 
 The Crown had likewife fomc cafual Branches of 
 Revenue arifing from vacant Sees arwi Abbies of 
 Royal Foundation, whofe Lands were on the Death, 
 of Prelates feized into the King's Hards„ and he 
 enjoyed the Profits thereof during the Vacancy. 
 Such alio were the Wardfhips and Marriages of 
 Minor?, and the Reliefs paid by Heirs when ad-^ 
 mittcd to the Pofieflion of their Eftates; (for 
 which however they received ^.n Aid from their 
 own Tenants) Fines for Liberties, Privileges and; 
 Licenfts, and in Law-Proceedings ; of which in 
 thofe early Times it is not eafy to make a juft Efti^ 
 mate ; and therefore I do not attempt it v and thei 
 rather becaufe whatever Payments were made on 
 thefe Accounts, they were not raifed out of the Peo- 
 ple in general ; which may be faid likewife of the 
 Tallages levied occafionally upon the Jews, 
 
 The conflant {landing Revenue of the Crown in 
 Money, feems to arife only from the Cufloms and 
 Prifage of Wines, (no great Matter in Times of fa 
 little Trade,) the Fee-Farm Rents of Counties and 
 Towns, which being paid to this Day in the She- 
 riffs Accompts feems fo inconfiderable,that no-body,^ 
 for this Reafon, or becaufe they were Rents origi- 
 nally, reckons them in the Lift of our Taxes ; and 
 from the old Saxon Tax called Danegeldy which, if 
 we compare the Rates of Counties, as Effex 252/. 6s, 
 IFiltfmre 199/. Middlcfex S5I. is. 6 d, a Year, 
 
(37) 
 
 6?r. did not amount to above 7000 /. a Year ; and 
 this too was laid afidc in the Time of Henry II. 
 
 As for extraordinary Supplies to defray the Ex- 
 pences of Wars, which we now find fo infupport- 
 able ; our ancient Kings had no Provifion of their 
 own, but what arofe from Ship- Writs, which 
 brought in no Returns of Money, but only of VeC 
 fels for the deftined Service, and from the Scutages 
 payable in Cafe their Tenants in Capite did not 
 come to the Field in Perfon ; which were fcarcc equi- 
 valent to the Lofs of their perfbnal Service ; and 
 fuppofing one in Ten to fail in obeying the Sum- 
 mons, would not amount at firft to above 3200/. 
 and at laft to not more than 1 600 /. each Year of 
 a miHtary Expedition. What was further neceflary 
 for the War, wps raifed by the free Gift of the Ba- 
 rons^ Towns and People, aflembled in a Common- 
 Council, cr ?n Parliament ; and our firft Kings of 
 the Norman Race, were either fo good Managers, 
 or fo averfe to burdening the People, that they fcl- 
 dom had Recourfe to this Method. 
 
 To enumerate particularly all the Taxes raifed on 
 the Nation by our Kings, befides what has been al- 
 ready mentioned on the f^bjedl of the three Aids, 
 and that of Scutage ; William \. levied only 6 s. an 
 Hide on Land in the fifteenth Year of his Reign ; 
 and William Rufvs^ in his Time raifed nothing on 
 his People, but the loooo/. which at the Rate of 
 10 J. a Man he received from 20000 of his mi- 
 litary Tenants, whom he had fummoned to pals 
 over for his Service into Nortftandy, No Tax what- 
 ever was laid in the Reigns of Henry I. or King 
 Stephen. Hefiry II. had very few, though it is ama- 
 zing how he could carry on the continual Wars 
 wherein he was engaged during a long Reign of 35 
 Years,with fo little Charge to his Per pie -, for all that 
 , was raifed upon them, was a Subfidy of 2 d. in the 
 Pound on arrable Lands and Vineyard::, and a i ^. 
 
 ;i 
 
 -o 
 
 in 
 
 a 
 
 ^ 
 
(38) 
 
 in the Pound on Houfes and Goods in the i2tft 
 Year ; and in the 34th and 35th of his Reign, a; 
 Tenth of all Moveables ; nor were thefe laft for his 
 own Service, but for the Relief of the Holy Land, 
 a romantic kind of Piety very fafliionable in thofe 
 Days, to which the King himfelf contributed large 
 Sums. Richard Vs. Expedition to the Holy Land 
 in Performance of his Vow, not only forced him to 
 fell the County of Durham to the Bifhop, and to 
 pawn a great Part of his Revenues 5 but occafioned 
 a Tax on the People. Being taken as he was re- 
 turning Home, another was laid to defray lus Ran- 
 fome 5 and returning in want of all Things, a Tax 
 of 2 J. an Hide was in his Sixth Year laid on Land to 
 fupply his Wants, as another of §s. was in his Tenth 
 Year to fupport the War with the King of France, 
 This, though the fhorteft, was the mofl chargeable 
 Reign to the Kingdom that had beenfincetheConqv ^f^., 
 ' King John^ befides his Exaflions on the Clergy, 
 which were grievous enough, and one of the Caufes 
 of the Troubles of his Reign, raifed only a Tax of 
 3 s, an Hide on the People. Henry IIL in his 5th, 
 8th and 9th Years, had Grants of 2 s, an Hide ; 
 in his 17th a 40th on Goods; in his 2 2d a 
 30th; in his 9th, loth, nth, and 12th, a Fifteenth^^ 
 which with his Tallages on the Jews^ Taxes on the 
 Clergy, Scutages, and other Aids, levied rn the firfl; 
 41 Years of his Reign, Matthew Paris^ A.D. 1257, 
 computes to have amounted in the whole to 
 633323/. 6s. Sd. after which the People were 
 burdened with no other Tax, but a Twentieth in 
 his 51ft Year, and (what the Religion of thofe 
 Days put them upon) a Fifteenth in his 55th Year, 
 for his Son the Prince's Expedition to the Holy 
 Land. M. Paris is an Author that never leflens. 
 any Charge laid by the Crown on the People, and 
 yet we Ihall hardly in thefe Days think it fo e'^or- 
 mous a Sum as he does, to be raifed in the longeft 
 
 Reign 
 
 i^;! 
 
r 
 
 (39) 
 
 Reign of any Prince that ever fate on the Throne 
 of England. 
 
 Edward I. the wifeft and greateft of our Kings, 
 laid two Tallages on hjs Demefne and Soccage Te- 
 nants : He had from the Laity Three Tenths, and 
 Six from the Clergy, fomc of them for Relief of the 
 Holy Land •, to which purpofe were alfo deftined 
 fome of the fix Fifteenths given by the former : The 
 Clergy gave him one Fifteenth, and once a Moiety 
 of their Goods, befides two Twentieths; as the 
 Laity did two Thirtieths and one Twentieth ; be- 
 fides which in his eighth Year, the Boroughs gave 
 him a Sixth, and the Commons an Eleventh,as they 
 did a Seventh and Twelfth, in the 25th Year of 
 his Reign. Thefe were all the Taxes raifed in the 
 Time of this a6live Prince, whofe Wars for the 
 fubduing of Wales^ and with the Crowns of France 
 and Scotlandy for the greateft Part of the "^s Years 
 of his Reign, neceffarily required Supplies too 
 large for his own Revenue to furnilh. It muft be 
 obierved that, except four or five in the firft Years 
 of his Reign, all thefe Taxes were granted to him 
 by Parliament 5 for having regulated the Conftitu- 
 tion and Affemblies of that reprefentative Body of 
 the Nation, he laid afide all former Ways of Taxa- 
 tion, and chofe to have every I'hing raifed on the 
 Subjeds flow from their Grant, for which Purpofe 
 he pafTed an A61 in the 34th Year of his Reign,pro- 
 viding that no Tallage or Aid Ihould be levied upon 
 the People, but by their own Confent in Parliament ; 
 fo that from this Time we have a fure Guide from 
 our Statutes to know what Taxes were raifed on the 
 .Nation. 
 
 Nor were they many or great in the following 
 Reigns. Edward II. upon his coming to the 
 Crown, had an Aid and Subfidy granted him for 
 tht Scotch War, in which he was involved. The 
 Pope gave him two Tenths on the Clergy; and in 
 
 2 his 
 
i ^ 
 
 I If 
 
 1 
 
 1 \' 
 
 Ills 1 6th Year the Parliament gave him anothejr 
 Subfidy. Thefe were all the Taxes laid in his Time 
 on the People. 
 
 Edward III. his long licign of 51 Years was 
 moft of it fpent in War, either with France or Scot- 
 Jandj and fometimes with both. The glorious Suc- 
 cefles therein elated the People, and engaged then! 
 to part with their Money very freely, with a vaft 
 Expence to themfelves,and very little Advantage to 
 their Country ; nothing at laft remaining to them 
 of all their Conqucfts, but the^Town and Territory 
 of Calais. There were raifed in his Timej befides 
 « Tallage in his 6th Year, three Tenths of the 
 
 I f 
 
 Clergy, a Ninth of the Laity in the 14th-, and a 
 Poll-Tax of four Pence an Head in his 51ft Year ; 
 17 T':rrhs and Fifteenths, (the Commons paying a 
 Fiftee. when the Cities and Boroughs puid a 
 Tenth) tvvo Subfidies on Land, and fevenon Woolj 
 which laH: b*. ought in more confiderable Sums of 
 Money than any of the reft. But however difficult 
 it may be to af ertain the particular Amountof thefe 
 Taxes, there can be none in fixing that of the Aid 
 in the 45th Year of this King's Reign ; (which is the 
 firft Inftance of any Sum of Money to be raifed by 
 a Tax being particularly fpecificd,) when the Cler- 
 gy granted him 50000/. towards his Wars with 
 France, as the Laity did the like Sum to be levied 
 at the Rate of 5/. 16 s. a Parifh -, the greater to 
 help the Idler, throughout England, But whatever 
 Aids were given to this Prince, they were ftill fcarce 
 equal to his Wants and Neceflities: So that after 
 all he had very little Power of Money. 
 
 Richard II. had from his Parliaments 7 Fifteenths 
 and Tenths, and as many Subfidies, fome of which 
 were appropriated, as particularly that in' his fifth 
 Year, being a Duty of 2 j. a Ton upon Wine irri* 
 ported, and 6 d. in the Pound upon all Merchan- 
 dize, except Wool, Leather, ^c. which Aid was 
 
 . - . not 
 
 
to 
 
 Irce 
 
 ftcr 
 
 ths 
 
 ich 
 Ml 
 
 ras 
 
 lot 
 
 r. 
 
 t 
 
 (4') 
 
 not only appropriated, but was likewife appointed 
 by Parliament, to be paid into the Hands of the 
 famous Sir John Philpot^ and two other Receivers 
 of their naming, to be wholly applied to the fafe 
 keeping of the Sea, and no part thereof for any Or 
 ther Purpofe, So that Appropriations of publick 
 Money are much antienter than the Revolution, and 
 were fecured by much better Precautions, than any 
 that have been taken fince, or indeed are like to be 
 taken, if the By-Stander hath any Influence, fince 
 he exclaims againft them in p, 49. where he pro* 
 nounces, that to put the Management of the Taxes 
 into any other Hands than the Crown s^ is ere^ing two 
 fupreme independant executive Magijirates. 
 
 Henry IV. befides two Aids, the one a Moiety of 
 Knights Fees, the other a Noble out of 20 /. had 
 three Tenths and two Moieties of the Clergy, fe- 
 ven Tenths and Fifteenths of the Laity, and eight 
 Subfidies, befides one in his eighth Year of a very 
 vnufual Nature, liich as had never been raifed in the 
 Reign of any lawful King, and fo horribly opprtf- 
 five to the People, that the Parliament which grant- 
 ed it, declared it Ihould be no Precedent, nor any 
 Memorial of it be kept upon Record. Several ol" 
 thefe Taxes, particularly thofe in his 4th, 6th, and 
 8th Years, were alfo appropriated. 
 
 Henry V. befides Tonage and Poundage, and 
 three Tenths of the Clergy, had Jeven Tenths an4 
 Fifteenths from the Laity, and one Subfidy on 
 Wares ; Aids that bore little Proportion to the Ex- 
 pences his Wars with France muft occafion. There 
 was no Tax upon Land in all his nine Years Reign ; 
 fo that it is probable his Conquefts, which were 
 very rapid, contributed much to fubfift his Army :. 
 However, he was fo far froin having any confidera- 
 ble Power of Money, that he left his Jewels, and 
 thofc of the Crown,^ in pawn at his Death. 
 
 \y 
 
( 4? ) 
 
 Uerrj VI. was engaged for thirty Years together 
 in a continual War with France^ which ended with 
 the Lofs of all the Provinces which he held in that 
 Country. To fupply this unfortunate War, bcfidcs 
 Tonage and Poundage, he had from his Peopl« 
 three Poles and a Twentieth, nine Tenths and Fif- 
 teenths, (in which were fome Appropriations) and 
 thirteen Subfidies, either on Il^and, Wool, or Goods, 
 not fufficienc to keep him from Indigence in every 
 part of his Reign. 
 
 Edward IV. befides a general Subfidy on all Fo^ 
 rcigners, and an Aid of 37,000 /. in his third Year, 
 had only fix Tenths and Fifteenths in all the twenty- 
 two Years of his Reign, to defray all his extraor- 
 dinary Expences in the civil Wars, and in his Ex- 
 pedition into France. 
 
 In the Reigns of Edward V. and Richard \l\. 
 there was no Tax, but only the Grant of a Tenth 
 by the Clergy. 
 
 Henry VII. befides two Aids for particular Occ^- 
 fions, had from his People five Tenths and Fifteenths, 
 and three Subfides •, the lad of which produced only 
 36,000 /. Thefe were but fmall Sums for a Reign 
 of twenty-four Years, yet he took Care to die rich, 
 by the Fines he levied for the Breach of obfolete 
 penal Laws and pecuniary Statutes, all parts of the 
 Kingdom being brought into Trouble through the 
 " fhameful Encouragement given to Informers ; Evils 
 to which this Nation never lay more expofed than 
 it does at prcfent. 
 
 Henry VIII. (befides two free Gifts, and that of 
 Abbey and Church Lands, the Poflefllons whereof 
 were foon devoured by his rapacious Courtkrs) had 
 frpm the Clergy a Moiety of thf ir Goods, to ex- 
 cufe them from the Pramunire A(5l ; four Teijiths 
 and two Subfidies ; and from the Laity four Tenths 
 and Fifteenths, and fix Subfidies. Edward VI. had 
 in his fccond Year an Aid of twelve Pence in the 
 
 Pouud 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 1 1 
 
r 
 
 I 
 
 Pound on Goods ; another in the Year following, 
 which being found troublcfome to col left, was re- 
 pealed prefently after, and fupphed by a Subfidy. 
 Thcfe Grants, with a Subfidy and two Fifteenths ill 
 his fevcnth Year, were all the Taxes raifcd in ilis 
 Reign. This lail Subfidy was remitted by Queen 
 A/rfry as foon as flie came to the Throne, in the 
 fame A(5l that fettled Tonage and Poundage on 
 her. The Clergy granted her a Subfidy for throe 
 Years, to be levied at 2 j. in the Pound a Year, 
 rrd another afterwards for four Years at the like 
 j<a*e. The Comrr.ons alfo in her third Year grant- 
 ed her a Subfidy on Land and Goods, and another 
 in her laft Parliament, with a Tenth and Fifteenth 
 for carrying on the War againft Frame. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth^ In her long Reign of forty-four 
 Years, had of her Clergy fcventcen Subfidies, and 
 from her Commons twelve Fifceenths, eighteen 
 Tenths and Fifceenths, and feventeen Subfidies. 
 Not to deduct what Ihe remitted of thefo TaXi^s af- 
 ter they were granted, the Produce of them alto- 
 gcther^ is not Computed to amount to more than is 
 now faifcd upon the Subje6ls of England in one 
 Year by the Land and Malt Taxes alone at the pre- 
 fent Rate 5 and yet by her wife and frugal Ma- 
 nagement, fhe was enabled thereby to cru(h a pow- 
 erful Infurredlion in the North of her own King- 
 dom ; to fend four or five thoufand Men for fome 
 Years together to the Afllflance of Henry IV". of 
 France^ againft the Holy League and the Spani/h 
 Fadlion in that Kingdom ; to fuccour the diftrefled 
 States of Holland with much greater Forces, and 
 for a much longer Series of Years ; to carry on a 
 fuccefsful War againft the Crown o^ Spain for twen- 
 ty Years together, whilft that Kingdom was in the 
 Height of its Power and Riches, and under th» 
 Government of the moft polirick of her Princes ; 
 to quell various Rebellions in Ireland, fupported by 
 
 G 2 foreign 
 
ll ' 
 
 f ' 
 
 ( 44 ) 
 
 foreign Succours, and to maintain in the two laft 
 Years of her Reign an Army of twenty thoufand 
 Men to reduce that Country to an entire Obedience. 
 She never indeed burdened her People with an ufei- 
 lefs Standing Army at Home, not even when flie 
 knew of the vaft Preparations making in Spain and 
 - Portugal for the Grand Armada to invade her Realm, 
 though there were then ten Times more Roman Ca- 
 tholicks than there are now in England : But trufted 
 herfelf entirely to the AfFedtions of her native Sub- 
 jei5ls, confcious that (he meant nothing but for their 
 Good i and trufted to them with Reafon, becaufc 
 they felt their own Happinefs in the Wifdom, Ju- 
 llice. Lenity, and Oeconomy of her Government. 
 . It is not eafy to afcertain the particular Sum, to 
 •which every Subfidy, Tenth or Fifteenth amounted 
 in antient Times : But it was certainly inconfidera- 
 ble, becaufe it appears from the Journal of the Com- 
 mons, June 7.2, 1663, upon the Report of the Com- 
 mittee appointed to examine into the old Subfidy 
 Books and Ways of Taxation, that an Eftatc there 
 taxed at 20/. a Year, was in 1663 worth 1000/. a 
 Year improved Value ; and it was greatly improved 
 by the new Valuations taken in the 3 2d, 34th, and 
 37th i/i?»ry VIII ; about which Time the like Valua- 
 tion was made of Ecclefiaftical Livings, as may be 
 feen in the Valor Beneficiorum, publifhed by Mr. 
 E^on J according to which the Subfidies of the 
 Clergy were ever after rated ; fo that one of their 
 Sudfidies of 6 s, in the Pound, payable, as they 
 generally were, in three Years, did not amount to 
 more each Year than the prefent Value of their 
 Tenths ; which poflibly may be about 8000 /. a 
 Year 5 I have not that Book by me to confult, and 
 therefore will not be more particular. But as to the 
 Subfidies of the Laity of 4.S. in the Pound upon 
 Land, and 2 s. Sd. upon Goods (which with a Poll 
 on other Pcrfpns, fo to make every Body contri- 
 bute 
 
 h ; ' 
 
1 
 
 to 
 leir 
 
 (45) 
 
 butc to the publick Charge, wafe the general Me- 
 thod) they amounted from the Time of thofe much 
 improved Taxations, 'till the 31(1 of Queen Eliza" 
 betb*% Reign, to about 100,000/. a Year (as 
 Dr. Deevenant obferves in his EJjay on fVays aid 
 Means^ p. 62.) but from that Time the Crown neg- 
 ledbing to have new Surveys made. People naturally 
 recurred to their old Books of Taxation, and the 
 Subfidies fell (as appears by the Exchequer AccoMnt% 
 from that Year to the i8th of King Jt^mesl.) to 
 70,000 /. a Year *, and the great Oracle of the Law, 
 Sir E. CokCy (whom yet Sir Francis Bacon, who 
 knew him well, thought much better verfed in Af- 
 fairs of the Exchequer and Revenue than he was in 
 Law) fixes the Amount of them to that Sum, as 
 he does a Tenth and Fifteenth at 20,000 /, a Year. 
 It appears hence, what inconfiderable Sums of Mo- 
 ney were granted to this Queen and her Predeceflbrs, 
 in Comparifon of what are now granted. 
 
 The Irijh Army in the two lad Years of her 
 Reign, putQ^£//2. to the Charge of 400,000/. a Year, 
 and (he had been forced to borrow 40,000 /. of the 
 City of London, She died before Tyrone fubmitted i 
 but her Death was not known 'till after his Submif- 
 fion. There were Reafons to fear he might be en- 
 couraged by that Event to break out into a new Re- 
 bellion, to which he and his Followers were fuffici- 
 ently difpofed. This obliged the King to keep up 
 the Army in Ifeland for the firft Year of his Reign, 
 in order to fecure the Peace and Tranquility of that 
 Country. The Charge of the Maintenance and dif- 
 banding of thofe Forces lay upon him ; he paid his 
 Predeceffor's Debt of 40,000 /. to the City ; he re- 
 mitted (though with all pofllble Secrecy) for four 
 Years after his Acceffion (purfuant to a Stipulation 
 between him and Henry IV. fettled by the Duke of 
 Sallys) confiderable Sums of Money to the DuUh, 
 to enable them to oppofe the Spaniard: in the Low 
 a Coun- 
 
I 
 
 ii 
 
 \i 
 
 ! li 
 
 I I 
 
 ( 46 ) 
 
 Countries; hcwasattheExpcnceofabout 100,000/. 
 in the Marriage of liis Daughter to the Eledtor Pa- 
 Jatinc i he had lent 10,000 /. to that Prince after his 
 Defeat near PrdguCy and 30,000 /. to the Princes 
 of the Union ; yet, notwithlUnding thefe Expcnces 
 for the Honour of the Crown, the Safety of the 
 Kingdom, and the Good of his People, he receiv- 
 ed in the firfl twenty Years of his Reign but fix 
 Subfidi^is and feven Fifceenths from his Parliaments, 
 Nor was it for want of meeting them •, for they fat 
 in the ill, 3d, 4th, jtV loch, 14th, 18th, and 
 2 ill Years of his Reign •, which was at lead as of- 
 ten as ever they met in Queen Elizabeth% and per- 
 haps in any of his Predeceflbr's Times •» fo little 
 Ground is there for the Charge laid upon him by 
 the By-Siandery ^.32. thai he was unwilling to meel 
 a Parliament, 
 
 Nor is the Reafon there adigned fqr this Unwil- 
 lingnefs better founded ; for as to the pretended 
 Mifmanagements of his Government, after all the 
 Recollcdion I can ufc with regard to the Paflagcs 
 and Condudl of his Reign, I can think of noMif- 
 management, but in the Cafe of the Monopolies ; 
 which he granted indeed, but granted upon Pre- 
 tences of the publick Good, which he conceived 
 might be promoted by them according to the Repre- 
 ientations of his Minifters, at whofe Inftance they 
 were granted. For he was honell, frank, and op^n 
 himfelf, (perhaps too much fo for a King that would 
 be deemed a Politician) and this naturally difpofetl 
 him to be credulous, and rendered him eafy to be 
 impofed on by the fair Pretences of others. But 
 when he found by the Complaints of his People, 
 that he had been deciived, and that thefe Monopo- 
 lies had proved a Grievance inftead of a Benefit to 
 them, he recalled his Letters Patent, and by a publick 
 Proclamation, vacated, condemned, and fupprefled 
 them all in general j nay, he went fo far as (by an 
 
 Exam- 
 
 ^ 
 
f 
 
 _ ( 47 ) . 
 
 E?cample too rare In common Life, and flill rarer a- 
 mong Princes) honclHy to confcfs lus Error ; de- 
 clared againft the Advifcrs of them in his Speech to 
 the Piirhament, and paflTed the well-known Aoi a- 
 gaitijl Monopolies to prevent the like for the future. 
 England could not rail of being happy, if all Kings 
 were as ready to retradl their Millakes, and rcdrefs 
 her Grievances. 
 
 It is grown a Fafhion (for what Reafon I cannot 
 fee, with what View I leave his Calumniators to 
 explain) to rail againfl: the Government of this King, 
 the Honefty of whofe Nature, even Buchanan his 
 Preceptor could not corrupt, tho* he infufed into 
 him a pedantick Vanity, which hurt his Charadler, 
 by making him appear ridiculous on ibme Occafi- 
 ons. Whatever Inconveniences flowed thence, they 
 terminated generally in himfelf, and did not affedt 
 the Nation, any otherwife than as they affeded his 
 Charafter. He had Penetration, Sagacity and Judg- 
 ment, more indeed in the Nature of Affiiirs and 
 Adiions than in that of Men •, but he wanted Firm- 
 nefs to adhere to his Sentiments, and to take a Re- 
 folution. He was plain and familiar, even to excefs ; 
 merciful, humane, and beneficent; he really loved 
 his Subjedts, and defired nothing more than to fee 
 ^hem happy, unicfs it was to be the Means of mak- 
 ing them fo. A greater Injuflice could not well be 
 done his Charadler, than to reprefent him as crafty, 
 the Eflence and Foundation of which Quality is 
 pallliood and Secrecy •, whereas the reverfe of this 
 appeared in his Temper and Condud; for he was 
 but too fincere and open, and too free in fpeaking 
 his Sentiments. It is not without good Grounds, 
 that I preiume to do this Juftice to that part of his 
 Character ; for though I never converfcd with this 
 Prince any more than his Accufers, I have read 
 Hundreds of his Converfations fully, particularly, 
 and nakedly related in the Lttters of the Fre^jcb, 
 
;' 
 
 'I 
 
 II! 
 
 ■ • t 
 
 i f 
 
 h r 
 
 (48) 
 
 Venetian^ and other foreign EmbafTadors that reflded . 
 about his Court ; all which prove what I here fay 
 bcyorKi the poflibility of Difpute. 
 
 I have the fame Authority to vindicate him from 
 another Slander malicioudy raifed and thrown by 
 a proud, fpiritually proud, reftlefs fett of Men cali- 
 ccf Puritans (the ptft of thofc Tinges) upon all that 
 differed from them, and did not efpoufe their ab- 
 furd Notions in the Points of the quinquarticular 
 Controverfy, and upon this King in particular, of 
 being popifhly affedlcd 5 to which every Letter of 
 thofe Mlnifters, wrote to the Princes and States that 
 employed them, and to other Embaffadors at Romey 
 in which they have continual Occafions to fpcak of 
 this King's religious Sentiments, ,is a flat Contradic- 
 tion ; they always reprefenting him as the firmed 
 Proteftant in Nature, and the Man in the World 
 the moll averfe to Popery, and this Averfion fo 
 rooted in him, that he was not to be impofed on by 
 any Arguments, nor wrought upon by any Motives 
 or Confiderations whatever, either to flacken in his 
 Zeal, or cool in his Inveteracy (fo they ter ^t) a- 
 gainft the Tenets, and even againfl: the Pe .0, of 
 the Roman Catholicks, Yet ground lefs as it was, 
 this impudent Calumny, boldly afferted, and indu- 
 ftrioufly propagated through the Nation, with the 
 Jealoufies and Difcontents which it occafioned, (and 
 which the King's Fondnefs for the Spanijh Match, 
 and his Affe(5lation to fhew his Learning in the Po- 
 pilli Controverfy, were wrefled to countenance^ 
 caufed all the Difficulties and Uneafineffes of his 
 Reign, and being conveyed down to his Succeffors, 
 contributed more than any Thing elfe to the Trou- 
 bles of King Charles Vs Time, and the Calamities 
 which in Confequence thereof have fince attended 
 this Nation. 
 
 To return to the Taxes of King Jameses Time. 
 We have fccn, that in the firft twenty Years of his 
 
 Reign, 
 
tch. 
 
 ( 49 ) 
 
 Reign, he had received but fix Siibfidies, and fevcit 
 Fifteenths from his People •, and it mufl be obferved, 
 that of the Money arifing thence, 36,000/. was ap- 
 propriated to other Ufes j to the Relief of poor 
 Towns and Cities decayed. He had retrenched the 
 Expencesof his Houfliold, yet was indebted 40,000 /. 
 for his Wardrobe, and had been forced to. borrow 
 120,000/. of the City of London, The Diftreflca 
 of the Eledor Palatine, and the overgrown Power 
 of the Houfe of Juftriay which then bid as fair, as 
 France does now, to domineer over all Europe^ had 
 engaged him in Mea^jres to prevent the Ruin of the 
 former, and reduce the exorbitant Power of the lat- 
 ter. He had, for this End, before the Meeting of 
 the Parliament in 162 1, remitted 50,000 /. to Count 
 Mansfield^ to enable him to keep his Ground in the 
 Palaiinate, had borrowed 75,000/. of the King of 
 Denmark^ and was on the Point of making it up 
 100,000/. and had paid above 200,000/. more in 
 affifting the Palatine, befides 20,000 /. which he 
 had expended on his Navy. This Reprefentation 
 ot his Circumftances in the Ifear lad named, had 
 procured nothing from the Parliament, more than 
 two of the Subfidies before mentioned, and the 
 Promifes of a powerful AfTi (lance when the War 
 began for the Recovery of the Palatinate. The 
 King had been treating for a long Time, and at a 
 great Expence for that Purpofe, and for the Prince 
 of Wales's Marriage •, and his Wants were ftill 
 greater, when he called his Parliament in February^ 
 1623-4, and piffed all the Adls they recommended 
 to him for the Good of ciie Nation. He laid before 
 them his own great Difficulties at Home, and the 
 melancholy State of Affairs Abroad ; and as by 
 Reaibn of his breaking off the two Treaties above- 
 mentioned, to gratify the earneftDefires of his Peo- 
 ple, he was going to be immediately engaged in a 
 War, he propofed to them the fending an Army 
 
 H of 
 

 i 
 
 t :!i 
 
 (50) 
 
 of 25,000 Foot and 5000 Horfe under MamficlJ^ 
 to recover his Son-in-law's Dominions. Pariiaimnrs 
 were not ufed in thofe Days to take ail the Eib- 
 mates and Rcprefentations of a Court for granted, 
 and comply with all its Demands, how burthenfome 
 foever to the Kingdom : They gave Money wich a 
 fparingHand, and tho* they fu^^ the imminent Dan- 
 ger and Neccfllty of a War, th^-y gave his Majefty 
 but three Subfidies, and as many Fifteenths and 
 Tenths for carrying it on, amounting to about 
 270,000/. af Supply which was not only very How 
 in colleding, but very unequal liktwiff to the Ser- 
 vice for which it was deftined : And yet of this Sum 
 they appropriated 18,000/. to the Relief an;" Repair 
 of certain decayed Towns; th: Refidue only being 
 to be expcndea in the Management of the expcded 
 War. 
 
 To be fure alfo of the right Application of this 
 Money, they appointed eight Citizens of London to 
 be Treafurers, and ten other Perfons to be of his 
 Majefty*s Counfcl of War, both being obliged to 
 take an Oath ; the Treafurers, that none of the 
 Money ll:ould iffue out of their Hands without 
 Warrant from the Counfellors of War j and thefc 
 lail, that they would make no Warrants for the 
 Payment of any of the faid Money, but only for 
 the End abovementioned ; and all of them to be 
 accountable for their Doings and Proceedings to the 
 Commons in Paiilamcnt. We have here a remark- 
 able Inftance (at a Time when the Nation was load- 
 ed with no Dvjbr, and haJ grown rich by a conti- 
 nued Peace of above twenty Years) not only of a 
 ftrift Appropriation of an occaiional Supply, the 
 Neceffiiy whereof was evident, but of the Receipt, 
 Iffue, u!id entire Miinagement thereof, being put 
 into other Hands than thofe of the' (i^rown. The 
 By-Slander (p. 49.) (with a View he will not care to 
 own, but which every Body will ililpcdtj may, if 
 
 he, 
 

 » 
 
 ( 5' ) . 
 
 he pleafes, exclaim againft this, as ereSfing two fu- 
 preme independent Magiftrates in the fame Government) ; 
 but it is pl.iin ic was not deemed fo formerly •, and a 
 , Nation imnoverlflied by heavy Taxes, > of which they 
 can fee no End, hath Reafon to wifli the fame Me- 
 thod were no v taken : And if they fee all Means of 
 Inquiry into an Account of public Money flopped 
 up, arul all Attempts of that Kind baffled and de- 
 feated, they may poffjbly, to fave themfelves from 
 imminent Ruin, be forced to revive the Precedent. 
 In the Cafe before us indeed, the King himfelf pro- 
 p jfed the intruding the Management of the Subfi- 
 dics to CommifTioners named by Parliarhent, tho* 
 tiiis Body carried the Point further, by appointing 
 other Perfons to be Members of the Council of 
 War, without whofe Order no Money could be if* 
 fued ; for which however they feem warranted by 
 ancient Precedents. For the Commons, having in 
 the 11 and i^Edw.W, granted the King fome 
 Tenths and Fifteenths for a War againft France^ 
 not only appointed CommifTioners to receive them, 
 and be Treafurers thereof, but ordered them to iflue 
 no Money out of their Hands, 'till the King's Pro- 
 clamation for the Mufter of the Forces was pub- 
 liihed i and the like Commiffions had been appoint- 
 ed in 12 //. 7. to levy the Aids then granted in cafe 
 of a War, but not to levy them at all, if Peace or 
 Truce enfued. See Rot. Pari 124. 4. w. 41. and 
 14 E. 4. n. 7. and 12 H. 7. n. 12, 513. We may 
 obierve further, that this was an Olfer made by a 
 King who was infinitely jealous of his Prerogative, 
 tho' (till more defirous of giving entire Satistadion 
 to his People ; a Point of great Confequence which 
 no Prince ought to negle<5t. We may poflibly be 
 furprized to fee ftrifler Precautions taken for the 
 right Application of lijch an inconfiderable Sum a? 
 270,000/. than have been taken in our Times in 
 the difpofing of 200 Millions j but were our wife 
 
 U 2 An. 
 
1ft 
 
 ! 
 
 •ifl 
 
 (50 
 
 Anccftors to look out of their Graves and fee our 
 prefent Conduct and implicite Confidence, they 
 ■would be infinitely more amazed, and' would clofe 
 their Eyes again with Indignation, at the Stupidity 
 or Tamenefs of their Detcendents, who make no 
 better Ufe of their Example. 
 
 Y.. James dying after a Reign of 22 Years, in which 
 befides the Tonnage and Poundage, which Sir Ed^ 
 ward Coke {Injt, vol. 4. p, 33.) tells us was farmed 
 in his Time at 160,000/. a Year-, all the Aids he 
 received from his Subjeds amounted at moft to 
 8 jOOGo/. which at a Medium of 22 Years, is lefs 
 than 40000 /. a Year ; fo frugal and fparing in 
 tbofe Days were Parliaments in giving the People's 
 Money. The Aids granted in the laft of King 
 James^ far from providing an Army of 30000 Men 
 for a War to recover the Palatinate^ of which the 
 Nation feem'd univerfally defirous, hardly fufficed 
 for fending Mansfield with 12000 Men on that Ex- 
 pedition ; fo that no Provifion being made for the 
 Payment of the great Sums which his Father had 
 fpcnt for the Public Service in the Affair of the Pa^ 
 latinale. King Charles I. found himfelf at his 
 coming to the Crown, involved * in a Debt of 
 12,000/. to the City of London -, 40,000/. to the 
 Wardrobe j 150,000 /. to Denmark^ and on the Pa- 
 latine's Account; 20,000/. to Mansfield \ and 
 20,000 /. to the Navy, which was flill fo out of Re- 
 pairs, and in want of Stores, that it required 
 300,000/. more to put it in a good Condition : He 
 had likewife been at 42,000/. Expence in his Fa- 
 ther's Faneral. This was laid by the Lord-Trea- 
 furer before the firft Parliament in this Reign -, to 
 which rhe King reprefented likewife the Engage- 
 ments he was under to his Allies, with Regard to 
 the Palatinate^ and the War he was embarked in 
 with Spain, in Confequence of the Advice given 
 
 * /?/^wjr/A's Colledlion?, Vol. I. p. 179. 
 
 the 
 
 ir 
 
 It' n 
 
lird to 
 
 ted in 
 
 given 
 
 the 
 
 { 53 ) 
 
 the late King by a former Parliament. AH that 
 his Mvijelly could obtain, was an Aid of two Sub- 
 fiditsor 140,000/. too fcarJty a Supply for the 
 War alone, much lefs could it fuffice tor the Dif- 
 charge of a D^bt of 392,000/-, and for putting 
 the Flee: into a proper Condition to do Honour and 
 Service to the Kingdom. The King, however, 
 ftriiggHng with his Difficulties as well as he could, 
 fitted out a Fleet with a Body of 7000 Land Forces 
 on Board to attack Cadiz, but the Attempt mifcar- 
 ried. Two others were fitted out afterwards for 
 the Afliftance of the Hugonots in France, and the 
 'RoWti o{ Rochelle-j and towards the Expences of 
 thefe Expeditions, and others in which he was in- 
 volved on the Palatine*^ Account, he had from the 
 Parliament in his fourth Year a Grant of five Sub- 
 fid ies, which in the Colledlion fell very much fhort 
 of thj: 350,000/. which they fhould have raifcd. 
 
 The King had found his Parliaments difpofed, 
 not fo much to relieve as to make Advantage of his 
 NeceflTities, and was forced to have Recourle to o- 
 ther Methods for raifing Money to fupport the 
 Charges of the Government, prote6t the Com- 
 merce, and provide for the common Good and -In- 
 tereft of the Nation. He refolved to make ufe of ' 
 none that were contrary t ny Law in being, par- 
 ticularly to the Statute de ^udagw non concedendo. Ic 
 could not be pretended that Cumpofitiop'^ for 
 Knighthood were, becaufe they had bjen confirmed 
 by an exprefs Law in i Edw. II. two Years after 
 the paffing of that Statute-, and were a Coni jquence 
 of the Obligations which his own Tenants in Capite '' 
 for none elfe were affcded by them) lay under to 
 him, by Virtue of their Tenures. His Judrj; i^e- 
 wife allured him that Writs for levying Money 
 upon Towns and Counties for the Sea-Service, 
 having been continued as conftantly in Ufe after 
 that Statute as before, could not poflibly be con- 
 j ceived 
 
 i 
 
Ul 
 
 I i 
 
 i 
 
 ji^l 
 
 . C 54 ) 
 
 ccivcd to be within its Meaning : And thereupon 
 fuch Writs were iflfued out^ for the levying of it for 
 four Years, at the Rate of 200,000/. a Year. If 
 the right Application of the Money arifing from a 
 Tax, or a juft Equality in levying and di(tributing 
 the Charge, could reconcile People to the Payment 
 of an uniilual Aflcflment ; thefe Motives might 
 well have been urged in thii Cafe. For all the Mo- 
 ney arifing from it was paid into the J lands of the 
 Treafurer of the Navy, and employed for the Ho- 
 nour of the Nation ; the Dominion of the Sea ; the 
 Security ot the Commerce, and (Irengthening the 
 Fleet of England. The Parliament too after the 
 Reftoration, when they had by a fpecial Committee 
 examined into all the Ways of railing Land-Taxes, 
 as well in the Times of former Kings, as of the late 
 Parliamentary Ufurpations, in order to fix the moft 
 equal Way of raifing Subfidies upon all the Coun- 
 ties of this Realm, found none fo equil as that 
 which was fettled by the Writs of Ship-Money, and 
 therefore made it the Model or Rule , by which 
 they went in afTefTrng their Land-Tax of 70,000/. 
 a Month, as Dr. D.ivcnant obferve?, in his EJJay on 
 f Fays and Mea;is, p. 7?-. The wiiolc Amount of 
 Ship-Money for fuir Years being 800,000/. and 
 that of the feven Sjbfidies before-mentioned com- 
 puted at 490,000/. it appears thic in the firfl: 15 
 Years and an half of King Charles's Reign (before 
 the meeting of the fital Parliament of November 
 1640,) all the Money raifed out of the Kingdom in 
 general, for the Srvice . f the Crown was 1,290,000/,^ 
 i.e. about 86,000/. a-Y^-ar. 
 
 I know very well that the Writs of Ship-Money 
 are exclaimed againft, as an infupportable Griev- 
 ance, for raifing Money without Authority of Par- 
 liament ; and the By-Standsr probably knows full as 
 well, that Money is fo nifed in our Days by lefs 
 Pcrlors than Kings, by Commiflioners of the Trea- 
 
 fury. 
 
■5 
 Ire 
 
 \er 
 lin 
 
 (55) 
 
 fury, ^c. without any fuch Clamor. Lord Coke 
 (Inft. II. p. 533.) in his Comment on Statute de 
 Tallagio Concedendo, fays, " That it comprehends 
 " all new Offices erected with new Fees, or old 
 *' Offices with new F^es, for that is a Tallage put 
 " on the Subje(^ which cannot be done without 
 " common Aifent by Aft of Parliament. This 
 '* appears (fays he) by a Petition of the Commons 
 " (Rol, Pari. 13 Hen. IV. n. 43.) complaining, 
 *' that an Office was created for the meafuring of 
 " Cloths and Canvas, with a new Fee for the fame , 
 " by colour of the King's Letters Patent,, and 
 *' pray that the Patent be revoked ; for the King 
 *' could ered no Offices with new Fct» to be taken 
 " of the People, who may not be fo charged but 
 " by Parliament. Henry IV. promifed to obferve 
 " the Statute, and the Patent was adjudged ille- 
 *' gal." Sir Edward Coke goes on to cite a like 
 Complaint in Parliament againft another new Office, 
 credted in the Time of Edw. III. and attended with 
 the like Effed ; and on this Occafion cites the Par- 
 liament Roll, 22 Edw, III. n. 31. a Time when 
 Writs of Ship-Money were iflbed out in greater 
 Numbers, and more conftantly than was ever known 
 in any other Reign, and this without any Com- 
 plaint from Parliament, or from any other Quarter, 
 of its being a Breach of that Statute. Times are 
 certainly much changed when King Charles could 
 nor, without raififtg a Flame in the Nation, do an * 
 A<51 which had been pra6lifed for Ages without be- 
 ing deemed fo j and Minifters can now a- Days do 
 what is undeniably contrary to the Statute, can raif'e 
 Money without Confent of Parliament, by creating 
 new Offices for the Benefit of their Relations and 
 Creatures, with Impunity, and without the leafl 
 Clamour or Cenfure. 
 
 Whatever the C?Je was, as to the Way of raifing 
 Money in King Charles*^ Reign, my Point is only 
 
 to 
 
 .% 
 
T .' 
 
 (56) 
 
 to confider the Sums raifcd for his Service, in order 
 to fee whether his Power of Money ^ bore any Pro- 
 portion to that which has of lare Yeafs been veiled 
 in the Crown. Far from doing io, it is too well 
 known that he was under great Neceflities from the 
 beginning to the end of his Reign ; and thcfe Ne^ 
 cefTities proved his Ruin. The Power of Money 
 lay in the Hands of his Enemies, and made them 
 Mailers of the Kingdom, which they plundered, 
 and harraffed for eighteen Years together by Se- 
 
 2ue{lrations, Compofitions, Sales of Crown and 
 !liurch-Lands, Contributions, Excifes, Subfidies, 
 AflelTments, and Taxes of various kinds, raifing in 
 that Ihort fpace of Time upon the Nation, to the 
 Amount (as it is generally computed) of Ninety- 
 five Million, Five Hundred and Twelve Thoufand, 
 Ninety-five Pounds, Five Shillings and Eieven- 
 pence Half-penny •, a Sum above five Times greater 
 than had been raifcd by all the King? of England in 
 above 570 Years, from the Conqueft till thofe 
 Times of Ufarpation. 
 
 I now come to the Reign of King Charles II. 
 whofe Revenue after the Reftoration, the By-Stander 
 {page 60, and the following Pages) is fond of com- 
 paring with the Civil Lift fettled fince the Revo- 
 lution 5 and takes care to reprefent the former as 
 much larger than the other, by the unfaireft Calcu- 
 lations that were perhaps ever offered to impofe 
 on Mankind •, but of which poffibly he may have 
 acquired an Habit, which generally takes away all 
 Remorfe, and even Senfe of the Iniquity of a Prac- 
 tice. 
 
 He begins his Calculation with an Account of 
 the Sums granted by Parliament, from May 29, to 
 December 29, 1660 ; which he ftates thus, viz. 
 
 I. Aa 
 
(57) 
 
 of 
 to 
 
 f\ 
 
 2I0jb00 
 
 t. Aft of Three Months Affcff- 
 ment from June 24, 1660 
 
 2. A6t of Tonage and Pound- j 
 age, from Jttfy 24, to Dec. > 
 25, 1660, Five Months 3 
 
 3. Two Ads for continuing J 
 Exdfe to Chriftmas 1660, > 
 for Seven Months. J 
 
 4. Pole- Tax, and 2j. in the^ 
 
 Pound on Eftates, for dif-t 1,000,000 
 banding the Forces. J 
 
 5. Aft for raifing 70,000/. for^ 
 a Month, commencing .9^^/, v 
 29, 1660. J 
 
 6. Aft for Two Months Afleff- ^ 
 
 ment, commencing Nov, i,v 140,000 
 1660. i 
 
 7. Aft for Arrears of 12 and .6 •\ 
 Months Affeffment, ending V 300,000 
 June 245 1660. J 
 
 8. Aft for Six Months AflefT- n 
 
 ment, for difbanding the[> 420,000 
 Army and paying the Navy. J 
 
 9. Aft for a Months AlTeff- j 
 
 ment, to commence July i, t 70,000 
 x66o. ) 
 
 10. Small Branches computed^ 
 
 by Sir W, Petty^ at 130,000 /. t 130,000 
 a- Year. J 
 
 Si 
 
 o 
 
 
 140,000 o 6 
 
 200,000 
 
 o 
 
 70,000 O o 
 
 o d 
 
 O 
 
 6 
 
 Total 2,680,000 o o 
 
 Aft- 
 
 His Accompts of Difburfements is very general, 
 becaufe it would not have anfwered his Purpofc to 
 have entered into Particulars •, and yet he cannot 
 huddle up even this loofe general Accompt, with- 
 
 I out 
 
'II 
 
 ''!!! 
 
 I: 
 
 (58) 
 
 out exerting his ufiial Talent of Mirrcprcfentation ; 
 for he fays {pa^e 64.) that after the Grant of the 
 Poll-Tax,the Sum of 140,000/. was deemed fufEcicnt 
 for the cowpleat difbanding the whole Army, and 
 paying the Navy. See here, O Reader ! if thou 
 canft without Indignation, a true Specimen of the 
 By'Siander*s unparallellM Affurance and natural Ve- 
 racity ! He had the very Titles of the Adls, to 
 which he refers thee, before him, when he fcored 
 the Words compkat and whole^ to have them di- 
 (linguifhed by Italic Characters; and yet has ex- 
 preffed himfelf fo as to deceive thee into a Belief 
 that the whole Fleet was to be paid off likewife : 
 Whereas the Title of that A6t (12 Car, II. f. 20.) 
 after the Words whole Jrmy, adds, and paying Part 
 of the Navy. The Parliament knew very well that 
 Sum would go but a very little way, towards paying 
 off the whole Debt of the Navy, and therefore pro- 
 pofed only the paying of a Part thereof ; but had 
 not the By-Siander reprefented the Cafe otherwife, 
 he muft in his next Year's Calculation, have inferted 
 among the Diiburfements, an Article for paying 
 off the Remainder of the Navy, which he hath 
 knowingly omitted, and hoped to cover by fo 
 wretched an Artifice. 
 
 His Motive for prevaricating in this Point is 
 evident enough ; but I can'c eafily imagine why he 
 ihould pretend in the lall Part of the fame Para- 
 graph, that the Crown afterwards demanded^ and ob- 
 tained 420,000 /. more for difcharging the Remain^ 
 der of the Forces 5 when the Houfe of Commons 
 had taken that Affair into their Confideration before 
 the King had left Holland^ and carried it on after he 
 came to England, without any Iciterpofition of his, 
 by Speech, Meflage or otherwife ; nor did any of 
 his Officers deliver any Eftimates in the Modern 
 Way to the Houfe; but all was tranfaded by the 
 Parliament alone, and by fpecial Commi.:ees ap- 
 pointed 
 
 

 (59) 
 
 pointed to make the neccflfary Enquiries. This Is a 
 Circum fiance of fo little Confequence to the By^ 
 Sianders Calculations, that did not an inveterate 
 Habit draw him irrefiftably into fiich Mifreprefcntar 
 tions of Fafts, he might have waved the Exercife 
 of his Talent in this Liftance. 
 
 Jt may not be amifs to ftate this Matter of dif- 
 banding the Army, as it appears in the Journals of 
 that Houfe of Commons. They had palled the 
 Bill for difbanding the Army, when the Lords in a 
 Conference on Sept. 7, 1660, fent the Houfe of 
 Commons fome Obfervitions thereon, viz. ** That 
 *' the Bill provided only for di/banding the Army : 
 " Whereas the Poll-Bill was not only for it, but for 
 " difburthening the Kingdom of the great Debt of 
 the Navy, the Charge of which was 40,000 /.. 
 a Month, a Charge which the King found here : 
 •' For the Navy was not of his fetting forth, and 
 25 Ships lay ufelefs in Harbour at the Chaige of 
 1 5,000 i. a Month, which Charge would be cut 
 off by about 1 20,000 /. That there was but a 
 Portnights Pay provided for Support of the Ar- 
 my *till difbanded, and no Provifion made, in 
 " cafe it was not difbanded within that Time ; 
 that there were two Hofpitals full of maimed 
 Soldiers, and no Care taken for their Difcharge ; 
 " that fome Care (hould be taken for Ireland to dif- 
 band part of the Army there, and a conftant 
 Charge frttled for the Payment of the refl that 
 was to be kept up for the Defence of that King- 
 " dom; and that the former Poll-Bill had fallen 
 *' (hort of what was expected, and this might do 
 " fo too. 
 
 " * The next Day after this MefTage from the 
 ** Lords, the Commons refolved, that a fourth 
 " part of the Money from the Poll-Bill fliould be 
 " applied towards paying the 25 Ships in Harbour j 
 
 • Sept. 8. 
 
 I 2 '^ and 
 
 «t 
 
 cc 
 
 <( 
 cc 
 
 C( 
 
 <( 
 
 cc 
 
 « 
 
 C( 
 
 C( 
 
 C( 
 (C 
 
I 
 
 (60) 
 
 *' and ordered a Bill to be brought in for an Aflcff- 
 «' meiit ot two Months, to raife 140,000 /. to com- 
 «« pleat the difbanding of the Army, and the Refi- 
 ** due to pay part of the Fleet in Harbour, and to 
 *« no other Uff '% which paflcd, before the Houfc 
 adjourned on Sept. 13. to Nov. 6, 1660. The Com- 
 mi'Tioners appointed to difband the Army, did all 
 that was poffible to be done with the Supplies then 
 gr.inted, in the Execution of their Commiflion du- 
 ring the Reccfs : And the very Day * of the next 
 Meeting of the Houfe, Sir fy. Doyley made a Re- 
 port from the Commiflioners, " declaring what 
 Forces they had paid off, what Sums had been 
 paid to every particular Ganfon, Regiment, 
 Troop and Company, and for the difcharging of 
 Ship, as alio what Forces were not paid off, with 
 an Eftimate of what Money was ftill neceffary 
 to pay off the Land Forces to Ncv. 6. and the 
 Ships to Sept, 17, lafl: part, and what Money 
 certain and cafual the Parliament had configned 
 to thofe Ufes, with the Ballancc between the 
 Charge and the Monies configned. 
 *' They had di(banded 23 Garifbns, 15 Regi- 
 ments of Foot, and 5 of Horfe, and 6 of the 
 Ships lying ufelefs at Wages in Harbour. 
 ** There ftill remained on Foot of Forces that 
 were to be difbanded, 
 
 /. s, 
 " In England^ 1 1 Garifons, 3 Re-") 
 gimentsof Foot, and 9ofHorfe,f g*rt - 
 befides the Life-guard and 19^^ ^ ^ ^^ 
 Ships, to which was due j 
 
 " In Scotland^ 4 Regiments of 1 
 Foot, one of Horfe, and Ge-f 75,681 16 4 
 neral Morgat^s Troop 3 
 
 *' The Money appointed by Parliament to pay 
 ** off the Land and Sea Forces was, viz. 
 
 <( 
 «( 
 
 « 
 
 cc 
 «( 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 cc 
 
 d. 
 
 10 
 
 
 Nev. 6. 
 
 Af. 
 
 
(6i) 
 
 /. /. i. 
 
 " Aflignations on 3 Months Af- 1 
 
 « fcffment from 7tt«^ 24, 1660, p3.000 o o 
 
 " Ditto to the Amount of 40,000 o o 
 
 " Poll-Bill eftimated at 210,000 o o 
 
 ** The 2 Months Aflfcflment 140,000 o o 
 
 Total 413,000 o o 
 
 •^ The Sum paid, and the Charge^ 
 
 " of Forces tobcdifbandcd, a-> 685,8 15 8 9^ 
 " mounting together to 
 
 
 •* There wants to anfwer it 272,819 8 9J: 
 
 " Befides other Sums fromcafual> 
 
 , ' r>\. C 1 50,000 O O 
 
 and uncertain Charges 3 -^ ' 
 
 ** So the Money to be ordered on 7 ^^0^ c«« 
 
 « a clear Ballance is ^422,«i9 » 9t 
 
 *VThc monthly Charge by Seaj 
 
 ** andLandof the undifbundedf 32,6^2 12 o 
 
 *' Forces is J 
 
 t 
 
 This monthly Charge was too heavy to be fufFer- 
 cd to conUDue on the Nation ; yet the Houfe of 
 Commons, bcf re they would remove it, by mak- 
 ing a fufficient Provinon for paying off the Forces, 
 refolvfd to wait the Report of a Ipecial Committee, 
 which they had appoinicc to examine the Debts of 
 the Navv and Army'. 
 
 Thia Report was made on Nov. 1 2. by Sir 'Tho. Clar- 
 ges, and reprefented, " That the Sum of 678,000 /. 
 *' wa' nectflary todilcharge what was due toiheNavy 
 •' to Nov. 10. befides the 25 Ships which were un- 
 *' der the Conlideration of the Houfe, and befides 
 ** lik^wife the Ships that his Majefty receives into 
 
 Pay, am.ounting to 248,049 /. 8 j. that after 
 
 computing what the Poll-Bill and the monthly 
 *' AfielTments would bring in, there would ftill be 
 
 *' wanting 
 
 cc 
 cc 
 
 i 
 

 «< 
 
 c( 
 
 «( 
 
 •c 
 
 C( 
 
 4« 
 CC 
 
 «c 
 
 cc 
 
 (62) 
 
 wanting to difband the reft of the Army, and 
 fiich of the Ships as were not yet difchargcd, 
 " the Sum of 422,819 1, and that the CommifTion- 
 ers of the Navy had alfo reprefented, that all the 
 Stores were empty both of Vidluals and Neccffi- 
 ries for the Fleet, and the renewing them would 
 coft 200,000 /. and (without comprehending the 
 Ships to be kept in pay by his Majcfty) the other 
 three Services required in the whole 1,300819/, 
 8 J. and of this Sum there was immediately want- 
 " ed for the paying of Officers and Mariners, and 
 *< for difbanding the Army 670,868 /. 8 s," 
 
 On Nov, 23. Sir IV. Doyley made another Re- 
 port from the CommifTioners for difbanding the 
 Army, giving an Account of their having paid off 
 and diibanded fince his lad Report, one Snip, fix 
 Regiments in England^ and three Troops of Lord 
 Falkland's Horfe in Scotland', and they had not been 
 able to di(band more for want of Money, viz. 
 269,480/. I 5. and for cafual Charges 150,000/. in 
 all 419,480/. I J. He had in his former Report 
 of Nov. 6. given an Account of 73,185 /. 4 j. id. 
 which had been paid into the Chamber of London 
 on the Poll-Bill ; and he now gave in a particular 
 of Money received on the fime Bill, (which was 
 found defcdive) from the Nobility, Members of 
 the Houfe of Commons, Aldermen, and Compa- 
 nies of London, Officers of the Courts of Law, and 
 from the feveral Counties of the Kingdom, amount- 
 ing to 99,578/. 4 J. 5^. all which the CommifTi- 
 oners had paid away ; and as to the reft of* the Mo- 
 ney of that Tax arifing from the Counties, it had 
 been afligned by them for difbanding the Regiments 
 of Horfe and Foot quartered therein, and (as the 
 Commiffioners were informed) it was all in Effect, 
 paid and ifTued for the Purpofes a/orefaid, except 
 fomefmall Sums that are inconfiderabk. 
 
 The 
 
(63 ) 
 
 The CommiflTioners, to haftcn the difbanding, 
 had borrowed Money upon the two Months AiTcfT- 
 ment for 140,000/. of which Loan they had ac- 
 compted for 24,445 '• 4 ^* ^^ ^^^ Report of Nov, 
 6. and in thi<i of the 23d it appears, that they had 
 given Bills for 32,197 /. 2 j. 9 d. more ; as it docs 
 in a following Report of Sir f^y, Doylefs on Dec. 8. 
 that they had borrowed alfo 37,765/. 10 s. of the 
 City of London^ upc n the Credit ot the faid AflTcflT- 
 mtnt. Thus was all the Poll-Bill, and the greatcft 
 part of the two Monthr. Aircflinent employed, and 
 the Remainder of this iaft Tax was on Nov. 23. im- 
 mediately after the abovementioned Report, order- 
 ed by a Vote of the Houfe, to be applied to pay 
 off the particular Regiments named and quartered 
 in fevcral Counties. 
 
 The Nation's Charge was increafing by every De- 
 lay, as well in paying off the 24 Ships ftill left in 
 Harbour at Wages, tho* ufelefs, (which coft 16,000/. 
 a Month, as Mr. Hoilins had reported on Aug, 2.) 
 as in difbanding the Army, to which, by Sir ^. 
 Doyleyh Iaft Report of Dec. 3. there was ftill due aa - 
 Arrear of 287,624/. 17 j. befides, 
 
 8000 /. claimed by Officers and Soldiers not for- 
 merly ftated. 
 
 9000 /. to make good the Warrants of the Com- 
 miflioners of the Army on the Excife and Aflcff- 
 ments. 
 
 5244/. ig s. part of 8000/. allowed to reim- ' 
 burfe the Arn.y's March from Scot/and. 
 
 4500/. allowed for the Charges of Auditors 
 •Clerks, Trcafurers, (^c. and 1 100 /. a Day for pay 
 to '.he Forces by Sea and Land ftill undifcharged, 
 and what his Majefty pays for Vi<5tuals to the Sea- 
 men. 
 
 To fupply which, the Commiflioners faw nothing 
 but the Arrears of the 12 Months AfleflTment, com- 
 mencing June 24, 1659. and of that of 6 Months 
 I ^ com- 
 
 « 
 
 hi] 
 
 1" - *■ 1 
 
 ■ m 
 
 'tils 
 
• 
 
 commencing Jb^f. 25, 1659; and the inconfiderable 
 Arrears of the defedive Poll-Bill. 
 
 The Commons hereupon brought In and palled 
 the Aft, (which maikes the 7th Article of the By^ 
 $tanJer*s Accompt of the Money granted this Year,) 
 for levying the Arrears of the 1 2 and 6 Months Af- 
 feflmcnts, (the immediate Payment of which, in or-. 
 
 , der to prevent the Soldiers living at free Quarters, 
 they had prefled by former Orders on May 1 7, and 
 by a Royal Proclamation at their Inftance on 5^/>/. 7 5 
 fo that confidering how readily Monies were gene- 
 rally railed at that Time, thefe Arrears cannot well 
 be fuppofed to amount to the third part of Mr. Coke's 
 Computation,) and another Aft for raifing 420,000 /. 
 by a 6 Months AfleflTment, to commence from Jan. 
 I, i66oi to which they added another Month's 
 Afleflhient of yo,ooo/. for a further Supply, which 
 probably was defigned to make good the Deficien- 
 cies of the former Afts, arifing either from the In- 
 tereft to be paid for Money advanced thereon, or 
 from the Charges of collefting them ; and to pro- 
 vide likewile for the further Pay of the Ships and 
 Army 'till the Time they were aftually difcharged. 
 And whoever confiders, that by Sir ^. Doyley's Re- 
 port of Nov. 6. there was on Sept. 1 7. an Arrear 
 due to the 19 Ships to be paid off, of 138,132 /. 
 ios, that 2 Months Pay and a half to Dec, i. a- 
 mounted at lead to 25,000 /. more ; that according 
 to the Report of Dec. 3. there was a growing Charge 
 for the Ships and Forces undifbanded of iioo /. a 
 
 . Day, and that there were 68 Days between Dec, i. 
 and Fek 14. v/hen the dilbandmg (as the By-Stan- 
 der fliys, p. 64.) was finally compleated, will think 
 this addieional 70,000 /. but a fcanty Provifion for 
 thoie Purpofes. 
 
 To form a right Notion of what the By-Stander^ 
 p. 65. calls the profufe Liberality oi this Parliament 
 to the Crowtiy it will be proper to examine in what 
 
 r manner 
 
 
 ir 
 
 i ! 
 
n 
 
 (6s) 
 
 feanner they proceeded in making a Provifioil fbf 
 the King's Revenue. Their firft Step on that Sub- 
 je(5t was on May 3. when they ordered a Bill to be 
 brought in for taking away Tenures in Capite^ and 
 the Court of Wards ; which was dripping the Crown 
 of the mofl influencing part of its Power, as well 
 as of the moft confiderable Branch of its Reve- 
 nue. They propofed indeed to fettle on it inftead 
 thereof, another Fund to the Value of 100,000/. 
 a Year, of which the Committee appointed to bring 
 in the Bill were to confider. They did this in 
 Breach of their ordinary Rules, and without any- 
 previous Committee for inquiring into the real Va- 
 lue of that Branch of Revenue, which they were 
 taking away. They might have known that ^ Par- 
 liament in the middle of the Reign of K. James I. 
 had offered that Prince 200,000 /. a Year in lieu of 
 the fame Revenue, and it was not thought an Equi- 
 valent ; they knew that in the moft defperate Situa- 
 tion of the Affairs and Perfon of King Charles I. the 
 Rump Parliament offered him 100,000 /. a Year 
 for it at the Treaty of the Ifle of Wight^ and would 
 have given him 200,000 /. a Year, rather than have 
 broke off upon that Article •, but having the mak- 
 ing of the Bargain entirely to themfelves, they took 
 Care to do it to their own Advantage, and that of 
 their Conftituents j Icfs fcrupulous or lefs generous 
 in this Point, than Parliaments have fmce been in 
 other Cafes of lefs Importance, when in a bare Ap- 
 prehenfion of the Crown Revenue being diminilh- 
 ed by a falutary A6t, they would not take the pro- 
 per Meafures for faving People's Lives, 'till they 
 had provided no lefs a Sum than 70,000 /. a Year, 
 by way of Compenfation for a Lofs which the 
 Crown might poffibly fuffer. 
 
 The part which King Charles acted with regard 
 to his own undoubted Rights, was very different 
 from that of the Parliament, and might with fome 
 
 K Colour 
 
 
 fl 
 
 i ; 'm 
 
 ■I t : 
 

 Il:i' 
 
 (( 
 
 
 <c 
 
 (66) 
 
 Colour of Reafon be cenfurcd as a profufe LiheralUf 
 in the Crown. For when the A£l of general Pat' 
 don^ Indemnity y and Oblivion had pafled the Com- 
 mons, and was fent to the upper Houfe, the Lords 
 taking Notice of the 5th Claufe, " in which all Pcr- 
 fons are difcharged againft the King and his 
 Heirs of all Sums of Money , Intrufions, mean 
 Profits, Wardfhips, Marriages, Reliefs, Liveries, 
 Ot^er le Mains^ mean Rates, Relpites of Homage, 
 ** Fines and Seizures for Alienations without Licenfc, 
 ** Arrearages of Rents, of Tenths and firft Fruits, 
 *' 6ff." and knowing how many Millions were in 
 the Space of 18 or 19 Years Jaft pad due to the 
 King on thefe Accounts, could not pais it without 
 firft applying to his Majefly, to know whether he 
 confentcd to the Claufe. The King fent his An- 
 fwer to the Lords in Writing, which being by them 
 communicated to the Commons, is entered in the 
 Journal of their Houfe on July 31, to this Effed. 
 " His Majefty is very well informed in thefe Con- 
 ceHions which are to pafs in the A<fl of Indemnity : 
 He knows very well that the Arrears of the 
 Wards, the Licenfes of Alienation, and Aliena- 
 tions without Licenie, Purveyance, Refpite of 
 Homage, the Arrears of Rent, ftill in the Hands 
 of the Tenants, and the other Particulars, a- 
 mount to a great and vaft Sum, all which are re- 
 leafed and difcharged by this A6t : But his Ma- 
 *' je6ty is fo well fatisfied of the good AfFedion of 
 " the Houfe of Commons, and of their Intentions 
 and Refolution to fettle fuch a Revenue upon his 
 Majefty, as may prtferve the Crown from Want, 
 and from being undervalued by his Neighbours, 
 that he is rcfolved not to infift upon the Particu- 
 lars which the Houfe of Commons have defirtd 
 **" his Majefty fhould releafc.*' The Arrears of thefe 
 and other Parts of his Revenue given up in that Acl, 
 amounted in the Courfc of fo many Years, (accord- 
 ing 
 
 iC 
 
 cc 
 
 «c 
 «c 
 
 <c 
 
 <c 
 
 ftc 
 
 C( 
 
 (C 
 (C 
 
(6?) 
 
 ing to the Eftimate made of King Charles Ps Re^ 
 venue, which defcendcd to his Son, in Sir Hencage 
 Finch's Report from the Committee appointed to 
 enquire into it by this Parliament, as it appears on 
 the Journal of Sept. 4.) to above twelve Millions 
 Sterling ; an immenfe Sum, which few Princes but 
 King Charles II. would facrifice for the Eafc and Sa^ 
 tisfadtion of their People. 
 
 The Commons upon this MefTage, appointed a 
 Committee to confider of fuch a Revenue as might 
 maintain the Grandeur of the Crown ; and on Sept, 
 4. refolved that it fhould be made up 1,200,000/. a 
 Year, and that Bills fhould be brought in for efta- 
 blifhing of a Poft-Office, for Wine Licences, and 
 to prevent any Alienation of the Crown Lands for 
 a longer Term than 3 Lives or 2 1 Years. They 
 had already paffed the Aft for Tonage and Pound- 
 age, and on Nov. 21. having refolved to fettle a 
 Moiety of the hereditary Excife on the King in 
 lieu of Tenures and the Court of Wards, it was 
 moved that the other Moiety fhould be towards the 
 1,200,000 /. a Year j but the Motion was rejected. 
 The Houie however thought better of it fix Days 
 after, on Nov. 27. and then agreed that it fhould 
 be fo applied. A Bill was brought in accordingly, 
 and conlblidated with the Ad: for abolifhing the 
 Court of Wards and Tenures in Capite ; but when 
 they had referred it to a Committee to confider, 
 what Satisfaction fhould be made to the Patent Of- 
 ficers in that Court for the Lofs of their Employ- 
 ments, and a Report had on Dec. 21. been made of 
 the particular Sums proper to be given them for that 
 Purpofe, fcarce any amounting to more than one 
 Years Value of the Employment, tho' they amount- 
 ed in all to 26,850 /. the Houfe made no Provifion ifi 
 the Cafe ; but left upon the King the Burden of 
 making them a Recompence. ' 
 
 K z 
 
 Tht 
 
1 
 
 II 
 
 ) 
 
 ^■- 
 
 ( 68 ) 
 
 The Commons had before, by various VoteSj 
 charged different Branches of the Revenue, chiefly 
 the Excife and monthly Affeffments, with Sums of 
 Mpney to be paid to divers Perfons, to the Amount 
 of 387,269/. 10 s, a Lift of which is in the 
 Appendix, N**. 2. but on Dec. 29, the laft Day of 
 the Seflion, they took particular Care of their old 
 Friends, by pafling Votes in favour of Affignments, 
 many of which fecmed to be antiquated, particu- 
 larly of Debts charged by Parliament on the Excife 
 before D^r. 7, 1648, 35,110/. 19J. 6d. and a 
 great many others charged on the fame Revenue, 
 and yet unfatisfied ; , : . .•; ;, . . 
 
 /. s. d. 
 As alfo to the diftrefled Prote-7 ^^^,^ ,^ , 
 
 ftants of P;Ww^»/ S ^^'^^^ '^ ^^ 
 
 Aflignments on the Exchequer be- j ^ , 
 
 tween ^.D. 1653, andMir^/^ ^477,151 10 o 
 
 Thefe they refolved fhould be paid with all con- 
 venient Speed, tho' they thought fit to fufpend for 
 a Time others which had been between 1652, and 
 Fek 13, 1641., to the Amount of 95,000/. 
 
 The fame Day Col. Birch made his Report of the 
 Debt of the Navy for Stores and Wages, (for which 
 no Fund had been provided,) to the Sum of 
 673,720 /. S s. gd. befides Freight of Ships in 
 ^642, 1643, and 1644, flill unpaid. Thefe ei- 
 ther Incumbrances on the Revenue, or Debts ut- 
 terly unprovided for, amounting to 1,743,263 /. 
 I s. 8-J-, vere left upon a King in want of every 
 Thing, juft come from Exile, and from giving 
 a general Releafe of all that was due to him, to 
 llruggle with as well as he could ; befides what has 
 been already mentioned (in Sir F. Clarges*s Report 
 to the Houfe on Nov, 12.J of the Emptinels or the 
 Stores, both as to Vidluals and Neceflaries for the 
 
 Fleet i 
 
 r 
 
 Iv^ 
 
 J~'^ 
 
btcs^ 
 liefly 
 ns of 
 lount 
 I the 
 lay of 
 r old 
 nents, 
 rticu- 
 ixcife 
 ind a 
 ^enue, 
 
 s, d. 
 13 5i 
 
 10 o 
 
 ^11 con- 
 
 nd for 
 
 , and 
 
 of the 
 which 
 im of 
 lips in 
 efe ei- 
 bts ut- 
 ,263 /. 
 every 
 giving 
 im, to 
 at ha3 
 eport 
 ot the 
 or the 
 Fleet i 
 
 (69) 
 
 Fleet ; fo that the renewing of them, would cod 
 the Sum of 200,000 /. and what the Lords took 
 Notice of in their Conference with the Commons 
 on Sept. 7. viz, the Neceflity of paying off and 
 difbanding a great part of the Army in Ireland, and 
 taking care to defray the Charge of fubfifting and 
 paying the Standing Force that was to be kept up 
 for the Defence of that Kingdom j for which no Pro- 
 vifion was made, nor any Fund affigned by this 
 Parliament. Such was its profufe Liberality to tie 
 Crown, of which the By-Stander makes fo heavy a 
 Complaint ; not confidering that it was compofed 
 chiefly of Prefbyterians, for whom he fecms to have ' 
 a tender Regard. 
 
 The A6t for diffolving the Rump Parliament and 
 calling another to meet m April 2^., 1660, had pro- 
 vided, that no Perfon who had ever been in Arms 
 againft the Parliament fince 1 641, or his Son, (hould 
 be capable of being chofen for this new, and as they 
 were fond of fl-iling it, Free Parliament. By this 
 Means the Cavaliers were generally excluded, and 
 tho' fome were eleded notwithftanding this Difqua- 
 lification, they were yet much fewer in number than 
 the old Prefbyterians, who had taken up Arms a- 
 gainfl his late Majefty, tho' feeing no End of the 
 Opprefiions, Calamities, and Confufions of the 
 KingdoFi under the various Ufurpacions of thofe 
 Times, s hey were difpofed to fupport Monk in his 
 Meafures for reftoring King Charles II. They were 
 Ijiowever for doing it by a Treaty and upon Terms, 
 probably fuch as they would have impofed on his 
 Father at the Ifle of IVight ; and Sir Matthew Hale 
 was perfuaded by them to move in the Houle, that 
 they fliould confider the Terms upon which it was 
 proper to reftore his Majefty. The General ftopped 
 the iVIotion by his Firmnefs, and telling them in plain 
 Terms, that hz would not anfwer for the Army, if 
 they proceeded in the flow Way of a Treaty, which 
 
 would 
 
 %\ 
 
 ■t!l 
 
 > » a 
 1 ■■■ 
 
Ii! 
 
 I 1 
 
 I ' I 
 
 ( 70 ) 
 
 would be attended with numberlcfs Difflculties, give 
 the Regicide Party Time and Means to embarrafs 
 tjie Affair, and be fuch an Encouragement to them 
 at the fame Time, that it difpirited others who 
 wiflied well to their Country, that the Event would 
 be doubtful, and perhaps fatal to the Conftitu- 
 tion. 
 
 The Prefbyterian Party had ever had it in their 
 View to reduce the Kingly Power j it was their darl- 
 ing Palfion 5 and tho* they had mifcarried in their 
 Motion, relblvcd to piirfue their Point by other 
 Meafures : And it was from their Obdinacy on this 
 Head, that arofe in a manner ali the Difficulties 
 which General Monk had to flruggle with, after he 
 came to London, in effeding the King's Reltoration ; 
 as the late Lord Lanfdown (from whom I derive this 
 Relation) frequently heard explained by his Father 
 Sir Bernard Grenville, and his Uncle the Earl of 
 Batb^ in their ConverHitions upon this Subjcift. 
 They tried again, by the Deputies which they fent 
 over to the King in Holland^ to engage him to llib- 
 mit to the Reftrj'flions and ConcefTions, with which 
 they were defirous to fetter him and clog the royal 
 Authority ; and perhaps would have fuccceded, had 
 not the General come to a Knowledge of their In- 
 ftrudtions and Views, and fent Sir Bernard Grenville 
 over in the fame Ship with the Deputies, with the 
 ftrideft Orders to get before them to his Majefty, 
 and prepare him for their Reception, by a full Dif- 
 covery of their Defigns, and proper Anfwers to 
 be given to the feveral Articles of their Defires. 
 
 Twas in Purfuance of this Plan, and for the 
 gratifying of this Paffion, that the Party, the very 
 Day after they had proclaimed the King, ordered a 
 Bill to be brought in for abolifhing the Court of 
 Wards ; and had read it twice, and committed it 
 before the King came to London -, though it lay by 
 afterwards till they had agreed upon another Fund 
 
 by 
 
( 70' 
 
 by way of Compenfation for it, in the Point of Re- 
 venue ; for in Point of Power they never propofcd 
 to give any Equivalent, being fond of every Occa- 
 fion to leffen that of the Crown. They could not 
 do it in any Inftance more acceptably to the Gentry 
 of the Kingdom, if not more confiderably in Re- 
 fped of Royalty. For the King, in Virtue of his 
 Tenures in Capite^ had a vaft Intereft in every 
 County by his Premier Seifins, Enjoyment of all 
 Eftates during a Minority, Wardfliips of the Per- 
 fons and Lands of Minors, ^c. He did not in- 
 deed make half, or perhaps, a third of the Profit 
 he might have done by fuch Minorities ; becaufc he 
 generally gave away, to great Men whom he had a 
 mind to oblige, and to faithful Servants whom he 
 wanted to reward, the moft profitable of thefe 
 Wardlhips ; but by Means thereof, he had it conti- 
 nually in his Power to reftore a decayed, and to 
 raife a new Family, to recompence every Subjedt 
 anfwerably to his Merit and Services, and to make 
 the Fortune of an infinite Number of Pcrfbns. He 
 had like wife the Education of all Minors, which 
 afforded an Opportunity of correcting the ill Prin- 
 ciples of fome Families, and drawing off others from 
 the Errors of Popery ; fo that probably we fliould 
 not have had a Roman CathoUck of a noble Family 
 left in EnjIanJ by this Time, had this Power fliil 
 remained in the Crown. It was a Power the moll 
 dcfirable of any to a Prince, becaufe it enabled him 
 to make vaft Numbers of People happy, and to 
 encourage Virtue, Merit and Services by adequate 
 Rewards : No-body knew better how to diftinguifli 
 Merit, nor was more defirous to reward it than King 
 Charles *, he well knew the Value and Importance 
 of this Power, and had more Occafion to keep ic 
 in his Hands, than any King of England ever had 
 before, yet to quiet the Minds of the People, and 
 to oblige the Kingdom in general without obliging 
 I any 
 
 
$ 
 
 I:: 
 
 ! 
 
 II 
 
 if 
 
 (70 
 
 any one Man in particular; he gave it up in Com- 
 pliance with the demand of a Parliament, at a 
 Time when it would have enabled him to have 
 provided for an infinite Number of Perfons and Fa- 
 milies, who had ferved or fufFcred for him or his 
 Father at Home, or had followed his Fortune A- 
 broad. 
 
 To difable him from doing fo, was probably one 
 of the Motives, why thofe who governed in this 
 Parliament, were fo eager for (tripping the King of 
 this Power 5 in Hopes that a needy Set of Men, 
 who had long laboured under Opprefllon, been fc- 
 queftred, plundered, forfeited, and perhaps ba- 
 niflied for their Loyalty, might be tempted, in a 
 recent Senfe of their Sufferings, and a full one of 
 their Merits, under all the Preflure of their Indi- 
 gence and fudden Difappointment of their Hopes, 
 to clamor againft the Negleft and Ingratitude of 
 Princes, and grow in Time as difaffefted to Mo- 
 narchy as they were themfelves. This at lead was 
 their Meaning in the Addrefs to the King, the 
 very Day that they firft came to a Refolution of 
 fettling the Revenue at 1,200,000/. a- Year; 
 which was five Weeks after his Majefty's gracious 
 Mcflfageof releafing all the Arrears due to him for 
 his Rents, or on Account of his Tenures, and pref- 
 fing the Lords to pafs the A6t of Indemnity. 
 Though the King had thus releafed all the Arrears, 
 yet he might ftill difpofe of the Wardfhips, and 
 other Profits arifing from his Tenures, within the 
 prefent Year, for the Benefit of his fuffering Friends, 
 the Cavaliers •, and the rather, becaufe the Revenue 
 propofed in lieu of the Court of Wards was not 
 yet granted, nor was intended to take Place 'till the 
 End of the Year. There was nojuftice in debar- 
 ring the King from the Benefit of an old Revenue, 
 till they had given an Equivalent-, there was no 
 ■interpofing in the Cifc with any tolerable Decency, 
 
 'till 
 
of 
 ear; 
 ious 
 for 
 3ref- 
 lity. 
 :ars, 
 and 
 the 
 nds, 
 nue 
 not 
 the 
 bar- 
 |nue, 
 no 
 |ncy, 
 'till 
 
 I 
 
 ... .. (73 ) ^ . 
 
 •till they had done fomething for Us Majefly ; but 
 they took Care to feize the firft Moment that was 
 jfavourable for their Application. The Bill about 
 the Court of Wards had lain by fince the King's 
 Arrival, 'till they had fettled an Equivalent ; which 
 indeed was not done 'till the Month of Decemkr, a 
 little before Cbriftmas : And they had deferred co- 
 ming to a Refolution about the Revenue of the 
 Crown 'till September 4 ; but then having pafled a 
 Vote for 1,200,000/. a- Year, they imrnediatcly ad- 
 drefled his Majedy, Not to grantor make ufe of bis 
 Tenures^ * till they had fettled a conftant Revenue ^ d^c. 
 The Funds which they fettled for thitt Revenue, 
 Fell 300,000/. a- Year Ihort of what they had voted, 
 as appeared upon Examination . in the next Parlia- 
 ment ; and were afterwards found ftili more dc- 
 feftive, than they were even then computed to be. 
 This Deficiency, the utter Negled of providing ei- 
 ther for difbanding or fubfifting the Army in Ire- 
 land, the eftabUfhing fuch a Burthen of old Debts, 
 as were warranted by the Votes of this Parliamenr, 
 the laft diy of their fitting, and leaving the King 
 under the heavy Load of Two Millions of D^rbc 
 and Charges, without any Means to pay and defray 
 them, however it might flatter the Pafiions, or 
 fuit the Views of thofe who were at the Head of 
 Affairs in this Parhamcnt, was very inconvenient 
 for the Kingdom. 
 
 They had given nothing new towards the 
 1,200,000/. a-Ycar, but the hereditary ExciK-, the 
 Poft-Office, and the Wine-Licences, and thv-fc did 
 not pafs 'till juft before Chrijlmas -, fo that the King 
 not having wherewith to (ubfifl: his Houfhold, or 
 carry on the Affairs of Government, for the firft 
 Year of his Reftoration, was necdlntated to bor- 
 row Money, and run into Debt, to provide what 
 "Was neceflary on both thofe Accounts, agreeable tc 
 what Lord Chancellor Clarendon laid in his Speech 
 
 I« ■ to 
 
 ' 
 
 
i li 
 
 II 
 
 Ci 
 
 it 
 
 (i 
 
 i( 
 
 C( 
 
 (( 
 
 4C 
 
 ( 74 ) 
 to the Parliament, the Day of their meeting at 
 Oxfordy OSl. 9, 1665. ** ^hat his Majtfty being 
 returned was forced iu fupport bitnfdf a j^ood while 
 upon Credit^ Mil the Armits were difbanded, and 
 the Fleets paid off: Which Debt was exceeding- 
 ly heightened by the neccflary Supplies of his 
 Magazines and Stores, which were at that Time 
 fo exhaiiftcd, that there were not Arms for 5000 
 Men, nor Provifions for the fetting out of Ten 
 new Ships.** The Mifchiefbf it was, that the 
 King being, at his very Entrance upon the Govern- 
 mcnr, loaclcfd with fuch heavy Debts contrafled by 
 the iifiirpirg P(>wers before his coming, could never 
 get clear of them afterwards ; but was ever labour- 
 ing under Ncceflities from this Time to the End of 
 his Reign : And '\lToever confidcrs with an impar- 
 tial Mind the falfc Steps or Miftakes that happened 
 in the Courfc of it ; the Affiiir of Dunkirk, Cha- 
 tham^ (hutting up the Exchequer, &c. will find them 
 to be originally owing ^' ^hofe Necefllties, in which 
 he was firft left involveti by this Parliament. 
 
 The By-Slander, page 6^, paflcs over fome Arti- 
 cles, which he mentions in fuch a manner as to 
 tempt People to imagine them confiderable ; it may 
 not therefore be improper to obferve, that the Pre- 
 fent of the Convention, the States (6000/.) and the 
 City of London (loooo/.) to the King cannot be 
 juppofed fufficient todifcharge his Quarters,in which 
 he and his Brothers, with their Houfhold, had fub- 
 fifled for a long Time under very great Difficulties ; 
 that the Preients of private Perlbns at that Time 
 will be found very inconfiderable, and ought not to 
 be charged to the Publick Acconlpt; and that (as 
 appears from the Journal of the Houfe of Com- 
 mons, June 18, 1661 ; and June 4., 1663',) the 
 forfeited Eftatcs of the Regicides, and excepted 
 Perfons, in (lead of 38,000/. a- Year, at which they 
 were cilimated by the Convention, did not produce 
 • ' . - ' ' above 
 
 iili: 
 
 
( 7? ) 
 
 above 5000/. I (hall add one Remark further, 
 that the Prcfcnts made to the Queen- Mother and 
 licr Children bore no manner of Proportion to the 
 18 Years Arreais of her Jointure of 30,000/. a- 
 Ycarj and the 50,000/. afligned for the repairing 
 of the King's Houfes, was not the Twentieth Pare 
 of the Damages he had fuftained in the Buildings, 
 (which was all that the Parliament regarded, and only 
 as to thofe near fjffidon,) and by the Plunder and 
 Sale of the Furniture thereof. For in the Year 
 1642, when the Rebellion broke our, King Charles 
 had 24 Royal Houfes compleatly fqrnifhed ^ fo that 
 there was no Occafion, when he removed from one 
 to another, to carry cither Goods or Hangings with 
 him (as is pradlifed in other Countries) : and adorn- 
 ed with the fined Pidlures, (in which that King had 
 an excellent Tafte and Judgment,) and the ncheft 
 Tapeftry known in Europe •, which being pillaged 
 and fold by the Rebels, befides a vaft QLiantity that 
 fell into private Hands, now ferve for Ornament in 
 the Courts of France^ Spain, and Sweden. Kirg 
 Charles II, neyp^: had any Satisfadion given him 
 in this Refped •, but was left to undergo all the 
 Expence of providing new Furniture •, \Yhich he 
 was ill able to bear, confidering the Load upon 
 him, and the necel&ry Expences of the Govern- 
 ment. . 'V ^» . ' 
 
 Thefe Things premifed, I conpc to ' 
 confider the By-Stander^s Calcu-^ rr^ 
 
 1 
 
 ation for the Year 1 660 ; tlie( 
 rants whereof he dates at 
 
 hereof 1 
 And the Difburfements 
 lie Services, at 
 
 for Pub- 
 
 ,000 o o 
 
 1,560,000 o o 
 
 In Order to put the Remainder up- \ ^ 
 
 on Accompt of th^Civi.l inift \ ^i4o,ooi> o 
 
 •i-i- 
 
 * ItfhouWbe i,i2o,coo. 
 L 2 
 
 It 
 
 ^^ 
 
I 
 
 : 
 
 '1 
 
 ■i 
 
 '■■'•J. 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 (76) 
 
 ^f» It has been already proved rhac the Poll-Bill >yas 
 not ellimatcd by the Parliament at more than 
 210,000/. and that it proved defeftive, as is ex-- 
 prei'siy laid in the Reports on the Journals of Nov, 
 
 *i 6. and Dec. ^. What the Deficiency was, is not 
 faid, but allowing for it only loooo/. the Accompt 
 
 -^ will ftand thus; 
 
 ' I. AfltfTment of 70,000/. perj 
 
 Month, for Three Months > 210,000 
 
 from June :'4, 1660. 3 
 
 - 2. Tonage and Poundage from 7 
 
 Ju/y 24, 1660. f 
 
 3. Two A(5ls for continuing the J 
 
 Commonwealth Excife to> 
 
 ' Cbriftmas 1 660. J 
 
 4! Poll-Tax for difbanding the \ 
 
 Forces. > 
 
 5. AirefTment of 70,000 /. for 1 ' 
 
 a Month from September 29, > 7^>^°° ^ ° 
 
 6. Aflcffment for 2 Months. 140,000 o o 
 
 7. Arrears for 12 Months Af- 
 
 140,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 s. d, 
 o o 
 
 Q 
 p 
 
 200,000 o o 
 
 300,000 o o 
 
 feffment of 100,000/. pert 
 
 Month. 3 
 
 8. AflelTment for fix Months, 7 ''^^ ' 
 
 from Jan. i, 1660. J 4 » 
 
 ^. Aflcffment for one Month 1 - urn: 
 
 from July i, 1661. J 
 
 10. Small Branches as he com 
 ^ putcs them tor ^ whole Year 
 
 :l 
 
 70,000 o 
 130,000 o 
 
 vfe.- 
 
 
 • '^ 1,870,000 o o 
 
 plfburfed for Public Services 1,560,000 o o 
 
 -■ i , 
 
 (.v^*- 
 
 "^^ V Remains for Civil Lift 320,000 o 
 
 Now upon fomeof thefe Articles thereare further 
 Pbfervations to be made 5 as that there Was (by a 
 

 (77) 
 
 Vote of May 7,) the liimc Appropri4tion of thq 
 AfliflTincnt mentioned in the nrlt Article, as had 
 been made of the lad AfTcd'mcnt in the Rump- 
 Times i and cannot therefore well be charged to 
 the Kin/y's own Account ; that the Third Article is 
 much over-charged •, bccaufc Wines which were 
 rated to the Excife t\l) July 24, 1660, were by the 
 A61 of Tonagc and Poundage difcharged of it 
 from that Day, which in the Hve Months follow^ 
 ing probably lefllned at lead 50,000/. of the ufual 
 Amount of the Excife j that there is no mj^nncr of 
 Re^fon to imagine, that the fmall Pranchcs in the 
 loth Article, were paid for the whole Year to the 
 King, cfpecially fincc the Atl of Indemnity cuts 
 off all Arrears of Rents, Tenths, ^c. to June 24, 
 16605 and as to the 4th, 5th, 6th, ytht Sth and 
 Qth Articles of Afleirm^nts, it h^th been already 
 ihcvfn that they were applied to the Payment of the 
 25 Ships laid up in Harbour, and the difbanding of 
 ^he Aimy i and were fcarce fufficient for that Pur- 
 pofe. So that the only Articles to be accounted 
 for, being the firfl-, fccond, third, and tenth, 
 which make, according to the By-Siander^s Calcula- 
 tion, 680,000/. I have no Occafion tQ rnake any 
 Redudion of his Charge therein, becaufe they are 
 fo vaftly difproportioned to the Public Charge of 
 the Kingdom, that it would not fuffice for above 
 one or two Articks thereof, had not thofe Part? of 
 the Revenue been (jrharged by the Houfe of Com- 
 mons, with the immediate Payment of 387,269/. 
 JOS. the Particulars of which maybe feen in the 
 Appendix. 
 
 In the Obfervations of the Lords, communicated 
 to the Commons on Sept. 7. it is faid, that the Charge 
 of the Navy was 40,000/. a Month, of which 
 15,000/. went to thofe 25 Ships which were paid 
 off at the End of this Year; the other 25,000/. a 
 Month for th( 
 
 ♦ »<.•.»■■■. -y 
 
 .^^„ _ ^ 
 
 Lept up, wil) 
 
 fif 
 
|! IS ^ 
 
 (78) h ^ , 
 
 of the 13, from May^ when they were firfl: emr 
 ployed for the King's Service, to the End of the 
 Year, amount to 200,000/. and the Garifon of 
 Dunkirk^ confiding of a Regiment of Horfc of 
 490 Men, and of 3600 Foot, at 8 Stivers a Day 
 /«• Man, (7 Stivers and a half being 8 d, Engli/h^ 
 as I find by the Commons Journal Aug, 2.5.) miift 
 for their Pay, their Ammunition, Ordnance, &c. 
 come to above 100,000 /. a Year, which I think 
 proper to charge for the wliole Year, becaufe I fee' 
 by the Journals of the Commons, that the Orders 
 of the Council of State (charged with the executive 
 Power of the Government from pebruary ^tiil the 
 King's Reftoration) for their Pay were not anfwer- 
 cd, nor indeed a vaft number of other Orders of 
 theirs on different Branches of the Revenue for the 
 like Payment, amounting to near 100,000 /. as may 
 be feen in the Lift which they prefented to the 
 Houfe on May 16. The Account then may ftand 
 thusj 
 
 Charge by Article i, 2, 3, and 10 680,000 o o 
 
 Difcharge by Difburfements for 8 } 
 
 Months of the Navy \ ^''°'°°^ " <» 
 
 .^..^ Garifon of D««^/y^ 100,000 o o 
 
 By fpecial iOrJers I o r 
 
 of Houfe of Commons ' 5 ^^7,269 lo o 
 
 "^ \. 687,269 10 o 
 
 Thefe three Articles of Difburfements fwallowing 
 up y2,6()L 10 s, more than the Funds of the 
 public Revenue (befides thofe appropriated to the 
 JPayment of the Army that was to be difbanded, 
 and fpent entirely in that Service) produced, there 
 is nothing left cither for the Ordinary of the Navy, 
 or for the Guards and Garifons in Engtand, (which 
 Ufi were in greater number than now, bpcaufe there 
 ■ ^ . v^ere 
 
 11 ,..< 
 
e 
 le 
 
 (79) ' 
 
 were fevcral Caftles then (landing, which were foon 
 after difmantled,) or for difbanding the part of the 
 Army that was to be broke in Ireland^ and paying 
 that which was necefikry to be kept on Foot in that 
 Kingdom ; or for many other publick Services Icfs 
 confiderable ; much left was there any Thing Mt 
 for the Civil Lift, the ordinary Expences of the 
 King's Houfhold, and other Outgoings which will 
 be feen when I come to fpecify the particular Arti- 
 cles of Expence included in the general Title of the 
 Civil Lift ; or for the immenfe Debt mentioned be- 
 fore, as left without any Provifion by the Conven- 
 tion Parliament. 
 
 A new Parliament was f 'lied, and met on May 8, 
 1661, which the By-Stander hath equipped with 
 the Charader of a I'o.^'Parliatnent^ tho' the Name 
 of Tory was not then known. Ic was in Truth 
 compofcd fo generally' of Gentlemen that were at- 
 tached to the true Conftitution oi England m Church 
 and State, and of fuch as were diftinguifhed in thofe 
 Days by the Name of Cavaliers, that old Mr. AJ,je 
 of Heylejhury^ a Gentleman of very different Prin- 
 ciples, who was Member of it, hath told me, that 
 they fate down but ^6 Memliers of the (lime Senti- 
 ments with himfelf in the Houle when the Parlia- 
 ment firft met, and yet by their conftant Attend- 
 ance upon every Occafion, and by their Induftry in 
 getting their Partifans chofe in the ftead of deceafcd 
 Members, they came to be a Majoriry before it was 
 dilTolved ; an Example that fliould naturally recon*- 
 mend the like Diligence, Perfeverance, and At- 
 tendance in our Times, and keep every Body from 
 defpairing of their Counf.ry. 
 
 The By-Slander (p. 66.) feems much offended at 
 the Condud of this Parliament, but with Httle Rea- 
 fon,, even the five Ads, which he has picked out 
 of a vaft number, that they pafTed in the Space of 
 1 8 1 ears, as the moll: liable to Exception, and beft 
 
 dcferv- 
 
! i 
 
 (80) 
 
 dcferving of Reproach. But whoever knows the 
 Hiftory of 1641, and confiders the Circumrt-ances 
 of the Times whfen they paffed, will be apt to 
 think them not only expedient, but neccflary. The 
 tumultuous and riotous manner of prefenting Peti- 
 tions to the King and Parliament by thoufands of 
 People, ufing horrible Clamours Threats, and In- 
 folencies, had been in 164 1, a great Means of ter- 
 rifying the Members of bot!^ Hoiifes from voting 
 according to their Confcience, and forc'ig them for 
 the Safety of their Perfons to abftain from theif 
 Attendance in Parliament j and had contributed ex- 
 ceedingly to the late unhappy Wars, Confufions, 
 and Calamities, from which the Nation had becni 
 io lately delivered. It was abfolutely neceffiiry to 
 guard againft a fcditious Pra(5tice, fo u o^-rudive to 
 the public Peace and the Freedom of Parliaments : 
 Yet fuch was the Mvxl ration of the Cavaliers in 
 this Parliament, and fo tender were they of the Lives 
 and Liberties of the IVople, that they forbad it un- 
 der no heavier Pinalties than a Fine and 3 Months 
 Imprifonment ; Penalties inHic^ed in the cafe of an 
 ordinary Riot. They confined them likewife to 
 this particular Point, and did not extend their Pro- 
 hibition to every Concourfe of People upon any 
 Octalion whatever j much lefs did they think of 
 putting it in the Power of a Jufrice of Peace ro makt 
 the OBence capital by his reading of a Proclamia- 
 tion, and of executing by an infamous kind of 
 Death every Man, who did not difperfe immediately. 
 Thefe Severities were none of the Exploits of what 
 the By-Stiinder calls a Tory Parliament. 
 
 In the Rump Times, all the Corporations in 
 England had been o;arbled and new modelled to the 
 Purpofe of the Llfurprr-s, and all Members that 
 would not take the folemn League and Covenant, 
 Engagement, and Abjuration Oaths then impoied, 
 had been turned out illegally. Others had been as 
 2 illC' 
 
in 
 the 
 
 that 
 lanr, 
 )lcc1, 
 :n as 
 
 ilic 
 
 (8i) 
 
 illegally placed in their (lead, contrary to the tru6 < 
 Intent and Meaning of the Cliarters and Liberties 
 of thofe Corporations; which h-reby ceafing to be ; 
 rightly conftituted^ all their Eleftions made after- 
 wards of Magiftrates, Officers and Members, were 
 qiiellioned as illegal. This gave Occafion to an in- 
 finite number of Law-fuits and Difputes, Heats and 
 Animofities, which endangered the public Peace, 
 and caufed terrible Diftradions in every part of the 
 Kingdom. To terminate thefe as foon as pofilble, 
 was abfolutely neceflary for the Tranquillity of the 
 Nation, as well as the Security of the Government: 
 And the Corporation A6t, empowering Commifli- 
 oners to reftore, remove, or put in Members and 
 Officers in thefe Corporations, was a very proper 
 Provifion for that Purpofe. And it mufl: be ob- 
 ferved, that the CommifTions ifTued out upon this 
 Occafion, were (as may be feen in the Commiffions 
 upon the Record, and in the News-papers of 
 thofe Days, giving an Account of the Proceedings 
 of the Commiffioners,) granted not to fuch Per- 
 fons as Affidavit Juftices in fome Counties, and fix- 
 peny ones in others, but to Gentlemen of the firfl 
 Qiiality and the greateft Honour, Worth, and 
 Eftates in their refpe6cive Counties ; the fitteft Per- 
 fons certainly to be entrufted with fuch a Power, 
 and with the Regulation of the Corporations in their 
 Neighbourhood. 
 
 The Declaration in the Corporation Afb, which 
 fo highly offends the By-Slander, did not regard this 
 part of the Aft -, being intended only for perpetu- 
 ating, in fuch Corporations, a Succeffion of Per- 
 fons well affefted to the eftablifhed Government. 
 This was a Tell natural enough for a Church of . 
 England Parliament to make, the Do6trine laid 
 down therein, being the fame as is afferted in her 
 Homilies, drawn up at the very Time of the Re- 
 formation, in Terms every whit as ftrong and ex- 
 
 M prefs, 
 
 . s>i..: 
 
 
 % 
 
( 82 ) 
 
 prefs, as thofe that are ufcd in this Declaration •, but 
 this after all, did not raife fo many Scruples then, 
 as it does now ; and was lefs excepted againft than 
 another, which follows it in this Ad, and in that 
 of Uniformity, and was to be taken likewifc by all 
 that held either Offices in Corporations, or Benefices 
 in the Church : I mean the Deckration of renounc- 
 ing the folenm League and Covenant. A Word or two 
 of the Hiftory thereof may perhaps gratify the 
 Reader*s Curiofity. 
 
 The Party which prevailed in the Convention 
 Parliament, had fet their Heart upon eflablifhing 
 the Prefbyterians, exclufivc of all other Denomi- 
 nations of Chriftians j and allowed the Clergy of 
 that Se6t to fend over Deputies along with their own 
 to the King then In Holland, to extorc from him a 
 Promife agreeable to their V/ifhes. Thefe Depu- 
 ties wjuld not even allow the Ufe of the Common 
 Prayer in the King's Chappel ; but his Majefty be- 
 ing well inflruded by General Monk of their Dt- 
 ligns, ablblutcly rejedled that Reftriftion, and for 
 every Thing elfe referred them to his Declaration, 
 which fubmitted every Thing to tneDjcifion of Par- 
 liament. Soon after the King came Home, they 
 pafied an A61 (12 Car. II. c. 17.) for the confirming 
 and rejlormg of Mimjiers, " by which all Pedons or 
 " Miniftcrs, who had been ordained by any Eccle- 
 *' fiaflical Perfons before the laft Chr.j/tmas, and had 
 *' not renounced their Ordination, and were on lafl: 
 Dec. 25. in Polfefiion of any BLuefice, to which 
 they had been named or admitted in any manner 
 whatloever fince Jdn. i, 1642, were confirmed 
 in the Enjoyment thereof, and of the Profits an- 
 *' nexcd thereto." I'he King I)eing a Patron, cut 
 nullum Tempus occurrit, this Adl cut off at once all 
 his prefent Right to the Patronage of that great 
 number of Livings which arc in the gift of tiie 
 Crown, and confirmed the Ufurpations which had 
 
 been 
 
 (6 
 
 C( 
 
 cc 
 
 (C 
 
 

 (83) 
 
 been made upon that Right : But his Circumftancel 
 were fuchat this Time, th:!t he could refufe nothing 
 which the Parhament tendered for the royal Affent. 
 There were fcveral Claufcs in it, which excluded 
 the Indepen Ian us, as well as the Anabaptifts, from 
 the Benefit thereof: And filled both with Relent- 
 niLTit and Fury, not fo much to fee themfelves out- 
 ed, as to fee the Prefl^yterians, who (they thought) 
 had been as deep in Rebellion as themfelves, con- 
 firmed in the PoflcfTion of what they had got in the 
 Iniquity of the late Times. They clamoured in ail 
 Places ag-ainft the Difference that had been made 
 between them : And Dr. Owen^ the Plead of the 
 firft Se6l, and who knew the lail well, went to the 
 Lord Ch^mccllor, and reprefented to him, " That 
 there was no manner of Rcafon for fuch a Di- 
 ftinftion between the Prefbyterians and the Inde- 
 pendants ; the former being full as dangerous as 
 the latter -, tiiat if the Church o^ England and her 
 Clergy, whofe Merits to the King were fo ex- 
 ceeding great, and who had been turned out of 
 all for their Loyalty to him and his Father, were 
 reftored to all their Rights, as he had been to his 
 Crown, there would be no Room to complain, 
 were it but done out of a Principle of Juftice, 
 /. e. indifferently, and without any Diftindionof 
 Parties ; that the keeping in of the Prefbyterians 
 was a Diftin6i:ion in their P'avour, infinitely odi- 
 ous to the other Sefts, and utterly inconfiftenC 
 with the Safety of the Government \ for being 
 too refilefs and afpiring to be content with what 
 they had, and too proud of their Merits to be 
 obliged by ny Favours fhewnthem, they would 
 flili go on in their old Ways, propagate their fe- 
 ditious D3clrines, enflame the Nat-ion^ and foon 
 throw it into the fame Diforders and Confufions, 
 as they had done formerly , that leaving them 
 the Parifli Puiplr?, was leaving it in their Power 
 
 M 2 ' ** to. 
 
 iC 
 
 cc 
 
 «« 
 
 C( 
 
 (C 
 
 (C 
 
 (( 
 
 iC 
 
 (c 
 
 (( 
 
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 <c 
 
 cc 
 
 (( 
 
 (C 
 
 n. 
 
 (C 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 <c 
 
 cc 
 
 % 
 

 I. 
 
 
 !1 
 
 
 t( 
 
 i« 
 
 (84) 
 
 ** to execute their Schemes ; and tho* it was diffi- 
 cult to find out a Teft, which they would not 
 take rather than quit that Advantage, yet there 
 was one Way to get rid of them, and he believed 
 no other would do it, which was to require them 
 to renounce the folemn League and Covenant.*' 
 This Covenant had been the chief Inrtrument of 
 the late Rebellion, of which it laid the Foundation 
 and advanced the Progrefs : It had contributed more 
 eflPedually than any other Means, towards bringing 
 his late Majefty to the Block, and towards the Ruin 
 of the King's Affairs. The Prefbyterians ftill 
 maintained the Obligations of it, as abundance of 
 them do even to this Day ; and thofe, who had as 
 yet Poflfefllon of the Church Livings, did not fail 
 from the Pulpit to infill on them, and (as the I^rd 
 Chancellor complained in his Speech to the Parlia- 
 ment on May 8, 1661,) " to repeat the very Exprel- 
 *' fions, and teach the fame Dodlrine they had fet 
 *' on Foot in 1641, and bid People ft and to their 
 " Arms.** Venner^s Infurreftion had been lately 
 quelled, but it liad appeared to have been made 
 with a more general Concert, than was at firfl: ima- 
 gined of fuch a Sett of wild Enthufiafts. Difccve- 
 ries had been made of other Treafons and intended 
 Defigns of rifing, which in the late Times of Ufur- 
 pation, would have produced High Courts of Ju- 
 lace for taking Vengeance on the Confpirators : 
 But the King hoping to gain his People over by 
 Goodnefs, was averfe to fuch Seventies, and only 
 laid out his Care to prevent theEfFeds of fuch Con- 
 fpiracies. It is no great matter of Wonder, if a 
 Church of England Parliament fhould, in fuch a 
 Jun6lure, think fit to order the folemn League and 
 Covenant to be burnt by the Hangman, to erafe the 
 Subfcription of thf: Rump to it out of their Books, 
 and to provide for the Peace of the Realm and the 
 Security of the Government, by requiring a Re- 
 
 nunci- 
 
 : 
 
 
(8s) 
 
 nunciation thereof from all Officers in Corporations, 
 and all Miniftcrs that enjoyed Benefices in the 
 Church. 
 
 This was what, after the fad Experience of the 
 Treatment which the Church of England had met 
 with from the Covenanters in the late Times of U- 
 furpation, thc7 could not well negled to do, with- 
 out being acceflary to their own Ruin ; yet they did 
 not take h:ifly Steps in the Affair. For before the 
 Ad of Uniformity pafled, the Houfe of Commons 
 had Advice from feveral parts of the Kingdom, of 
 Defigns to difturb the public Peace, which they 
 ordered to be laid before the King on December 3, 
 1661 ; and on the 19th of that Month, the Lords 
 in a Conference acqgainted the Commons, " that 
 
 (( 
 
 cc 
 
 4( 
 
 cc 
 
 (( 
 
 <( 
 
 cc 
 
 <c 
 
 iC 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 there had beena Defign forming ever fince March 
 laft, to difturb the Peace of the Kingdom, and 
 named feveral of the Parties engaged, with the 
 manner and Contrivance of the Defign, and the 
 Progrcfs thereof; and that tho* their Defigns 
 were difordcred as to the efFedling them in Town, 
 (to which End they had made a general Invita- 
 tion of difbanded Officers and Soldiers, and o- 
 ther difaffedled Perfons to refort thither about 
 Dec. II.) yet they were ftill practifing to execute 
 the fame in the Country*'; propofing in the End, 
 that the Commons would name a Committee of 24 
 of their Body, to join with 12 of theirs, to examine 
 into the Defign ; which was done accordingly. 
 
 This Comniitrec, in the Courfe of their Exami- 
 nation into this Affiir, found (as appears by their 
 Report Jan. 10, 1601,) '' that great Numbers of 
 " Perlbns pretending to be i^akers had met at 
 " HurJingdon^ and had rode in M'Jititudes about the 
 Country by Night, to the Terror of his Maje- 
 fi:y*s Subjeds." Such a Situation of Affairs natu- 
 rally drew on a Biii again :l thr ^ukersy and afford- 
 ed 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 fl 
 
(86) 
 
 cd abundant Reafons for the Declarations required in 
 the Corporation A61, and that of Uniformity. 
 
 If looo pious Divines, who had made iifc of what 
 Learning they had, and exerted their Orthodox Vnn- 
 ciples for covering three Kingdoms with Blood, 
 Confufion and Defolation, were obliged to quit 
 their Livings, out of which they had firft ejcflcd 
 the Church of England Clergy, and into which they 
 had intruded by uibrping on the Rights of Patrons, 
 (which was the Cafe of mofl: of thc-m) for want of 
 making Declarations, necefifary to give the Govern- 
 ment in a Time of Danger, a reafonable Afllirance, 
 that they would not rc-ad the Crimes of which they 
 had been lately pardoned, nor encourage others to 
 do fo, who were left under their Di region or In- 
 fluence •, what is there fingular in their Cafe, to 
 to make it deemed a greater Hardfhip than they 
 themfelves had thought it fo lately In the Cafe of the 
 Independants and Anabaptifts, and a few Years be- 
 fore in the Cafe of the Clergy of the Church of 
 England ? They had been the Authors of the Prece- 
 dent, nee lex eji jtijiior ulla. They had pudied on 
 the Covenant with a Fury unknown to former A- 
 ges ; all their Aflembly of learned Divines could 
 not anfwer the Reafons given againfl: it by the Uni- 
 verfity of Oxford ; and yet (liich was their Piety) 
 they impofed it on the Confciences of all the World, 
 ConfcieiKes perhaps as tender as their own. They had 
 turned out 7 or 8000 Church of England Divines, 
 who were legally and juOly poflefled of their Livings 
 and Preferments, to make Room for themfelves, 
 and whilft they were ftarving with their Families, had 
 fattened themfelves for 19 Years together with their 
 Spoils : And if that facal Engine of theirs for fub- 
 verting the Conltitution, their darling Covenant -, 
 proved by a Turn of Times the Occafion of their 
 own being difpofTefTcd of Benefices, into which it 
 had been the M'-ans of their Intrufion, fcrioiis and 
 
 im- 
 
(87) 
 
 biafled by their 
 
 impartial Mintls will not be 
 
 tural Companion j as not to reflect at the fame Time 
 
 upon the Juflicc of Providence. 
 
 I am no great Friend to Tefts ; but all Govern- 
 ments have thought it proper to take fuch Precau- 
 tions for their Security. Thus we have feen in our 
 Times feven excellent Bifhops, and near looo Cler- 
 gymen of the Church of England^ and the whole 
 Body of the Clergy (almoft to a Man) of another 
 Kingdom, now united to ours, turned out of their 
 Freeholds, becaufe they could not comply with fuch 
 Tefts, though their former Condudl had been in all 
 Refpeds irreproachable. There have been fome 
 invented, which a Son of one of the Truftees for 
 the Charities to the Bartholomew Divines, has been 
 faid to glory in contriving fo, as to damn one half 
 of the Clergy and ftarve the other. The Differ- 
 ence of Perfons, whether Prefljyterian or Epifco- 
 pal Divines, doth not furely alter the Nature of 
 Things ; what Occafion then for Complaints on 
 one Account more than the other ? The Diflenters 
 are at prefent cmbarrafTed but by one Teft -, and that 
 does not hinder them from enjoying Offices of Place 
 and Truft •, whilll an At\ pafleth regularly every 
 SefTion, To indemnify Perfons who have omitted to 
 (lualify themfehes for Offices^ Employments and Pro- 
 motions within the Time limited by 'Law, and for al- 
 lowing further Time for that Purpofe j and is fo fir 
 from alarming thofe that ufed to be affedled with 
 every the Icafl Appearance of Danger to the 
 Chi!rch-Etbbli(]iiiicnt, that it is come to be confi- 
 dered by them as a Bill of Courfe, and is nei- 
 ther oppofed nor attended. Whether this be ow- 
 ing to any Promife made them, or how far fuch 
 Promiie, or other Aflurancc of T'avour may extend, 
 they bcft know •, biit when they are thus let 
 into Offices in the Scare, and an Education in 
 their Academies is no Bar to Promotion even in 
 
 the 
 
 S'\ 
 
 ■ m 
 
 • <-'H 
 
 i\ 
 
Ji 
 
 ( 88 ) 
 
 the higheft Dignities of the Church ; they fhould Tet 
 themfe'ives not to much to revive old Stories, as to 
 rejoice in their prefent Situation. For though they 
 be employed as yet in lefler Numbers, than perhaps 
 ihcir Wiihes fuggeft, or their Merits deferve, 'tis 
 always a great Matter to have begun well •, their 
 Condition and Numbers may improve in Time i 
 thofe Means to an End are furefl: that work gradu- 
 ally ; Impatience only ferves to defeat the bell laid 
 Projcds. . 
 
 After complaining of the A^ of Uniformity^ the 
 By- Slander proceeds to take Notice of that for pre- 
 venting Abufes in printing Seditious^ Treafonahle and 
 unlicenced Books and Pamphlets j which did not pafs 
 •till the latter End of July 1663 ; a Time when 
 the Prefs fwarmed with virulent Pamphlets, juftify- 
 ing the execrable Murther of King Charles I. (as 
 may be feen in Hodgkinfon*s News-Paoers, publifh- 
 ed about that Time, N''. i, 3, 4, ^c.) and it is 
 no great Wonder if the Horror of the Thing tran- 
 fported the Parliament then fitting, to put a Re- 
 ftraint on the Liberty of the Prefs. There could 
 not be a ftronger Temptation, than they lay under 
 on that Occafion ; efpecially fince they had the Ex- 
 ample fet them by the great Patrons of Liberty, in 
 the Rump-Parliament-, this Act being copied after 
 two Ordinances of theirs, which are printed in ScO' 
 hel\ Colle£fions. The Republicans of thofe Days, 
 were the firft Invaders of the Liberty of the Prefs; 
 which I am afraid is not fo entire at prefent as a free 
 People might wifh, for the Safety ot it's Liberties : 
 It ever was free for one fide of the Qneftion, not- 
 withftanding any Aft that was made to reftrain it; 
 but is it fo now on the other. The By-Slander indeed 
 enjoys it in it's full Perfeflion, and may make what 
 Mifreprefentations he pleafes, with Impunity -, but 
 fuch a Liberty was never yet indulged to any but 
 
 the 
 
( 89 ) • 
 
 the Orthodox^ (in Jerry White*^ T^efinition of the 
 Word) to thofe who have the Gallows on their Side. 
 
 When the By-Stander fhall think fit to publifh 
 his Volume of the other Worthy Exploits of the Par- 
 liament, whofc Adls wc havel been confidcring, I 
 may then poflTibly think it proper to take Notice of 
 what he waves mentioning in this Pamphlet : At 
 prefent I am called upon to examine his next Cal- 
 culation. 
 
 Before I enter thereon, it will not be amifs to re- 
 capitulate the Circumftances in which the King was 
 left by the Convention Parliament ; cut off from 
 all Arrears of the Rents and Profits of his own 
 Lands and Revenue, to June 24, 1660, by the 
 Ad of Indemnity ; all Grants of Wardships either 
 by himfelf, or his Father, fince March 25^ 1641, 
 difcharged to June 24, i66ov debarred from any 
 life of his Tenures for the rcll of the Year, till the 
 Parliament had fettled a conflant Revenue on him ; 
 that Revenue voted, but net fettled •, and the Part 
 which was given not commencing to the End of 
 the Year -, loaded with an immcnfe Debt of Two 
 Millions, without any Fund afllgned or given to 
 difcharge it ; and utterly deftitute of every Thing 
 but Credit, to raile Money for Publick Services of 
 the greateft Importance, and the mod abfolutely 
 ncceflliry to be ]. ovided for immediately. Such were 
 the drfbanding of the greateft Part of the Irijb 
 Army, and the paying ;ff of above 100 Ships of 
 the Navy which he found here in Pay, (befides the 
 25 which were ying in H irbour, whofe Pay had 
 been provided tor by the Parliament:) And on 
 thefe Accounts he ftretcht-d his Credit 1 ), as made 
 him unealy for all the reft oi nis Life ; nor could 
 any Alienation of the Crown-Lands, or the Sale of 
 the Fcc-i ;irm Rents ever extricate him out of the 
 Debt in which he was fir ft involved upon this Occa- 
 fion^ 
 
 Hr' i 
 
 I .'<j 
 
 m 
 

 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1*0 12.0 
 
 Kt 
 u 
 
 I 
 
 IL25 i 1.4 
 
 — 6" 
 
 I 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STRfET 
 
 WSBSTEP.N.Y. M5S0 
 
 (7)^) S72-4S03 
 
 
 -^y^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^.- 
 

(9°) 
 
 A King cannot well be in a more uncomfortable 
 Situation, than to find himfclf under a NeccfTity of 
 running into Debt for his own Safety and that of 
 the Kingdom ; and thereby laid under a Difability 
 of recompencing the Merits, Services, and Suffer- 
 ings of his Friend's as he wifhed to do. Nothing fits 
 fo uneafy on a generous Mind, as the being forced 
 to a Conduct that looks like Neglc6l and Ingrati- 
 tude. King Charles did all that he could for thofe 
 who had fuffered for the Royal Caufe •, but he could 
 not do more than his Abilities permitted. He. 
 paffed large Grants of the Crown-Lands and Fee- 
 Farm Rents to the Duke of Albemarle, the F'.arls of 
 Bath and Sandwich, and otliers that had been fer- 
 viceable in his Reftoration. He created Perpetui- 
 ties and Penfions for Lives and Terms of Years on 
 the Exchequer, Cuftoms, Tenths, Poft-Cffice and 
 other Branches of the Revenue, by which it was 
 confiderably diminifhed : And more fo after the 
 Year 1672, (when the Payments at the Exchequer 
 were (lopped) by the yearly Charge of y^^s^^ ^• 
 14 J. 2d. payable for perpetual Interefl to theGold- 
 fmiths who had Money there. I do not find that 
 the Perpetuities amounted to above 1469/. lis, 
 but the Penfions for Lives and Years amounted to 
 about 150,000/. a- Year, even after the Revolution, 
 as appears by S'w Rob. Hozvard''?, Accompt and Lift of 
 Particulars delivered to the Houfe of Commons, 
 ' on hiarch 20, 168-i, and April 27, following. This 
 Lift took in only the Survivors at that Time, and 
 as yix%.Jane Lane, who had 1000/. a- Year, was then 
 dead, and probably a vaft Number of others in the 
 Space of near 30 Years that pafled between the 
 Reftoration, and that Report to the Houfe of Com- 
 mons, and who therefore are not mentioned therein, 
 it is reafonable to fuppofe that rhe Pcnfion.-* arofe to 
 a much greater Sum in the Years immediately fol- 
 lowing the King's Reftoration : However, not to af- 
 A -r ford 
 
of 
 
 (90 
 
 ford the lead Occafion for Cavil, I will in examit)' 
 ing the By-Stander*% Calculation, charge this In- 
 cumbrance on the Revenue only at 150,000/. a- 
 Year. ■'■ "• ' -v • ^^J 
 
 ' The By-Slander's Comparifon of what King 
 Charles might fave from it, (after he had provided 
 for the Publick Ser voices) with the Civil Lifts efta- 
 blifhed fince the Revolution, forges me to obferve, 
 that as thofe Accompts were after the Revolution 
 called for from Sir Robert Howard^ when the Houfe 
 had the fettling of the Civil Lift under their Con- 
 fideration ; fo that Revenue was fettled clear upon 
 King JVilUam and his Succeflbrs, exclufive of 
 145,800/. IS, I - d. there charged for Penfions 
 and Perpetuities, and the 79,566/. 14 j. 2d. to 
 the Goldfmiths ; fo that though they were a great 
 Load on King Charles's Revenue, they have been 
 none at all to the Civil Lift fince the Revolution. 
 But if they are no lofs to the Government, they 
 have probably been of fome Advantage to Mini- 
 fters and Officers of the Treafury ; for though the 
 Houfe of Commons allowed of thefe Penfions at 
 the Time above-mentioned, yet fuch Difficulty js 
 made about the paying of any of King Charles's 
 Grants, that I have known Gentlemen, entided to 
 fome of thefe Penfions forced to part with one half 
 of them to get the other. I have now before me 
 King Charleses Letters Patent for one of thofe in the 
 Lift, granted in Favour of an old Servant, for 200/. 
 a Year, to be paid at the Receipt of the Exchequer, 
 and payable 'till about Eight Years ago, not one 
 Farthing of which hath ever been paid -fince the 
 Revolution. This pofTibly may have been the Cafe 
 of a great many others *, if fo, the Civil Lift (if I 
 take the Matter right) would be proportionably 
 improved •, and if any have been regularly paid, 
 fuch a Favour doubtlefs would be thought to de- 
 ferve fome not unufual Returns. 'Tis not uncom- 
 
 N 2 mon 
 
 'I 
 
 t a 
 
 'a 
 
1 "^ 
 
 l{ 
 
 : 
 
 ( 92 ) 
 
 mon, even in private Life, to fee People bribed by 
 their own Money ; apd on whatever Account it 
 conies into fome Perfons Hands, they know how 
 to make it a Fund of Corruption. 
 
 I come now to the By-Slander's Cakulation for 
 the Year }66i\ which flands fhus: 
 
 /. 
 
 J. The Gufloms then farmed at 1 
 
 about I 350.000 
 
 s. 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 7000 
 
 
 .Vf'f! 
 
 o 
 
 K, 130,000 6 o 
 
 2. Hereditary and Temporary 1 
 Excife, then farmed at J 75^95 
 
 3. "Wine-Licences firft paid at 7 
 Lady-Pay that Year. J 
 
 4. The Small Branches com- 
 puted by Sir William Petty ^ 
 as follows : /. 
 
 Crown Lands />^f An- ^^ 
 
 num, • 
 
 Poft-OiEce, ^' 2Q,ooo 
 
 Coinage and Pre-emp- ^ ^ 
 
 ' ^- t^' 12,000 
 
 tion of Tin, 
 
 Foreft of Dean^ 4000 
 
 Courts of Juftice, \' 6000 
 
 Firft Fruits and Tenths, 1 8,ooo_ 
 
 «;. Aft for yelling Money, ^r. 
 
 cdllefted in the late Times, 
 
 and ftill in the Hands of the i 
 
 Colle6tors, and not pardoned j 
 ". by the Aa of Oblivion,com- 1 
 ' putedat ' '^ . * J 
 
 6. Voluntary Prefent to his Ma^ ^ 
 /' jefty, computed by Mr. C(?^^ V 300,000 o o 
 / at ■ ' • 3 : ' ■,.,..,, 
 
 7. Arrears of Excife and new^ • . • ^r . . 
 f Impoft, computed by Mr. v 300,000 p p 
 
 'r Coke ^t ' ' "'■•. "^ J \,1a..'.. " 
 
 ' : 8. AfTeff- 
 
 50,000 O Q 
 
 •: k. 
 
 ►fM 
 
 
 .It:-?: 
 
 
 3;:!-. 
 
(93 ) 
 
 by 
 
 It 
 
 For 
 
 d. 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 ITefr. 
 
 *- » • 
 
 000 o o 
 
 B. Affeffment for i8 Months, j 
 
 at 70,000/. a Month, from V i,26o,( 
 Dec. 5, 1661 3 
 
 9. Ad for L^afes in Convivnll 100,000 o o 
 
 ^^77'^^95'^ o o 
 
 The Charge in the 4th Article as to the Foreft of 
 J)ean, ought to be leffcned at leaft 3000 /. a Year, it 
 being then, and having been for above 20 Years be- 
 fore, in Sir John IVinter^s Hands by a Leafe in 
 1639, at lefs than 1000 /. a Year Rent -, as appears 
 by the Journals of the Houle of Commons, May 
 22, and July 20, 1663 -, when Sir John agreed to 
 accept a Confideration of 30,000 /. and give up hig 
 Leale; after which that Foreft might be fet at 
 4000 /. a Year, but not before. 
 
 I niuft pbferve likewife that I find the Wine-Li^ 
 fenfes reckoned among the fmall Branches of the 
 Revenue, by the Ads of i Ann \ i George I. and 
 J George II. for fettling the Civil Lift on thofe 
 Princes, and as it is not diftindly mentioned in Sir 
 Robert Howard* s Account of the Revenue, prefent- 
 ed to the Houfe on March i, i68-5-, it feems there 
 alfo included in the fmall Branches, which he com- 
 putes but at 26,350/. 1 5 J. 5 i d. and for this 
 Reafon, I think the Charge of 7000/. for thofe 
 Licenfes in the 3d Article ought to be omitted. But 
 as the By-Slander does not mention in what Trad of 
 ^nWill. Pettyh, his Eftimate of the Small Branches is 
 to be found, and I have not met with it in any 'that 
 I have had an Opportunity of feeing, I will not a| 
 prefent offer to difpute it further. 
 
 If any one confiders the Terms of the Ad 1 ^ 
 Car, II. c, 3. which makes the 5th Article, and 
 tjie Extenfivenefs of the Ad of Oblivion, one 
 ■: ^ 3 ' Ihould 
 
 \} 
 
 
i i! 
 
 
 ■>\ 
 
 I i 
 
 (94) 
 
 iliould not expedl much to arife thence to the King, 
 above the Charges of his CommiiTions of Enquiry ; 
 but as I find no fure Guide to inllrudl me in the 
 particular Amount thereof, or of the voluntary Pre- 
 fent to his Majefty, I fliall not difpute either the 
 5th or 6th Articles. 
 
 But I muft except to the 7th Article, about the 
 Arrears of the Excife and new Impoft ; becaufe I 
 find on the Journal of the Houfe of Commons, oa 
 May 31, 1660. That Col. PP^bite made a Report 
 from the Committee, appointed to examine into 
 the Arrears of the Excife, (jfc. that there was then 
 an Arrear of good Debts of the Excife, fince Sepf, 
 29, 1657, 150,000/. from the Importers of Lon- 
 dofty 20,000 /. from the Brewers of the fame City, 
 and 40,000/. from the Counrty Excife in all, 2 10,000/. 
 the Realbn of which Arrear is alligned to be, the 
 frequent Changes and Revolutions in Government, 
 the want of accompting with Merchants, and the 
 Ihort Continuance of the Excife •, but for 3 Months 
 at a Time, and once, for 2 Months. Asthefe Rea- 
 fons ceafed at the Time of that Report, and there 
 was then fuch a Want of Money, that no Means 
 were left untried for an immediate Payment of thefe 
 Arrears, it is very likely that the greatefl Part 
 thereof were got in before this A6t paffed, efpeci- 
 ally fince 170,000/. of the Money was due from 
 fuch rich Men, as Brewers and Merchants general- 
 ly are in London. It muft alfo be confide red that 
 the 210,000/. included all the Arrears fince Sepf, 
 29, 1657: And the A61 of Oblivion (Claufe 48.) 
 pardoning all Arrears of the Excife to June 24, 
 165^', a Dedu6tion may very well be made for 
 that Year, and Three Quarters of 20,000 /. from 
 that grofs Sum of thefe Arrears. I have alfo be- 
 fore obferved that the Convention Parliament, did 
 on Dec. 29, 1660, the laft Day of their fitting, 
 refolve that a Sum of 35,110/. 19J. 6d, charged 
 
 .t: 
 
 01^ 
 
lat 
 
 )ni 
 
 lid 
 ted 
 
 (95) . 
 
 on the Excife before D^r. 7, 1648, according to a 
 Lift then delivered to the Houfc, fliould be paid to- 
 gether \vith abundance of other old Debts charged 
 likewife thereon, the Particulars whereof it would 
 be too tedious to mention : And it will be fufficient 
 to obferve further, that they exceeded even the A- 
 mount of all the Arrears of the Excife, tho' com- 
 puted from ^c^)/. 29, 1657; fo that, in truth, no- 
 thing of tholb Arrears fhould be brought to Ac- 
 compt •, and if the By-Slander fhould ftill infift, that 
 there muft be fome Arrears ftill ftanding out when 
 this A6t paflTed, I can'r, for the Reafons afligned 
 above, allow it to be more tlian 30,000 /. and there- 
 fore dedufb 270,000/. from this 7 th Article. 
 
 Out of the 8thArticle,i;/2;.the A6lfor 1,260,000/. 
 the Charge of col lefting which, from the Aid grant- 
 ed by Ad I W, and M. c. ^. feems to be about 
 1 1 80/. for each monthly Afleflment of 70,000/. 
 as may be fhewn from other Authorities, but is 
 plain enough from the Journal of Feb. 28, 1688, 
 where an AflefTment of 70,000/. is valued at a- 
 bout 68,820 /. clear Money, as one of 35,000/. a 
 a Month, had on June 4 and 21, 1678, been at 
 34,410 /; at this Rate, the charge of collefting the 
 18 Months Affeirment, will amount to 21,240/. 
 which ought therefore to be dedufted. 
 
 The 9th Article is the ufual A61 for enabling the 
 King to make Leafes of his own Lands in the Dutchy 
 of Cornwall, but his Computation of the Fines for 
 thofe Leafes is extravagant. Now the annual Pro- 
 fits of that Dutchy *, being at moft about 9000 /. 
 arifmg partly by referved Rents (which the By- 
 stander fays could be no lels than one Quarter of 
 the yearly Value) and partly by Fines for the renewal 
 of Leafes, we cannot well fuppofe the Fines to pro- 
 duce above half of that Sum, viz. 4500 /. a Year ; 
 and I am apt to think I exceed in this Eftimate. 
 
 Seethe Hirtorical Regifter, Vol. 22. Page 428 
 
 I 
 
 % 'a' 
 
 ii 
 
 : i 
 
 ¥; 
 
 11 
 
 There 
 
Ill 
 
 I.' 
 
 i}it 
 
 I ■' 
 
 1 1! 
 
 l:,| 
 
 ( 96 :) 
 
 There was not a County in England, where thtf 
 Gentlemen fo univerfally diftinguilhed themfelvea 
 for the King's Caufe, and fulFered more for it, than 
 they did in Cornwall. They gained for him the Bat- 
 tles of Foway, Stratlon, and Lanfdown, againft 
 much more numerous Forces of the Enemy, car- 
 ried Brijlol by Storm, and reduced all the tVeJi to 
 his Obedience, abundance of them lofing their 
 Lives, and almoft all of them being plundered and 
 fequeftred afterwards for their Loyalty. K. Char. I. 
 about Augiift 1645, caufed a fhort Account of thefc 
 Services to be drawn up, and by an Order of Coun- 
 cil, directed it to be hung up in every Church of 
 that County, (where it is to be feen at this Day) as 
 a Monument of their unparallelled Loyalty, Bra- 
 very, and Zeal in his Service, and a Teftimony of 
 his grateful Acknowledgment thereof. When that 
 Prince had fuch a Senfe of their Services, can it pof^ 
 fibly be [thought that he did not, 'till that Time at 
 leaf!:, renew their Leafes, fill up the Lives that 
 dropped in his Ciufe, if not grant reverfionary ones 
 in their Favour? King Charles II. had, whilft 
 Prince oiWales^ refided for fome Time in the Coun- 
 ty, and knew mod of the Gentlemen perfonally ; 
 and had too the fame Senfe of their Services that his 
 Father had exprelfed. Confidering thefe Things, 
 and what Title the Kings Cornijh Tenants had to his 
 Favour, and that after long Sequeftrations, 6ff. an 
 Increafe of Rent would fuit them better than Fines 
 which they were unable to pay, if wc fuppofe the 
 King to lake at once 4 Years Value of the 15 or 
 16, during whic!i there had been no renewal of 
 Leafes, (and this is the utmoft that can reafonably 
 be fuppofed,) the Fines would in that Cafe amount 
 but to 18,000 /. and therefore 82,000 /. is to be de- 
 duced from the By-Stander^ Calculation. But I am^ 
 of Qpinion, the whole 100,000/. fhould be de- 
 dudledy as well becaufe through the Inability of the 
 
 Tenants 
 
,,.\ . . ( 97 ) 
 
 Tenants to pay Fines, their referved Rents were 
 raifed, and King William had the Benefit of the 
 Fines, by being enabled to take Compofuions for 
 reducing them to their old Rate in 1660, (by A(5l iz 
 and 13 /F. 3. c. 3.) as becaufe thefe Fines are com- 
 puted among the fmall Branches of the Revenue, 
 and ought not to be cemputed twice. 
 ; If he rates the Grants too high, he finks the Dif- 
 burfements as much too low. A Regiment of 400 
 Horfe, and 3600 Foot at Dunkirk^ could not be main- 
 tained at 60,000 /. a Year. He computes the Ordi- 
 nary of the Navy and Ordnance at 40,000 /. a Year^ 
 grounding his Eftimate upon King Charleses Pro- 
 mife in 1678, to the Parliament^ that if they would 
 fettle an additional .Revenue upon him, he would 
 allot fifty thoufand Pounds per Anmm for the future 
 to this Service 5 whence he prefumes, that before 
 that Time it had not coft fo much. Monftrous 
 Miftake ! to give it no worfe a Name. Let him 
 read with Confufion the Commons journal of Jutiej 
 1678, where the King's Speech, to which he Here 
 refers, is inferred at length ; and he may there find 
 his Majefty, after complaining of the Scantinefs of 
 his Revenue, exceedingly impaired by Debts lon^ 
 fince contra6ted, and by the prefent Anticipations 
 thereof, exprefling himfelf to his Parliament to this 
 Effed. " That if they would have him able to 
 purfue fuch a War as Argkrs with Honour, and 
 at the fame Time keep fuch Fleets about our own 
 Coafts, as may give our Neighbours the Refped: 
 always paid to the Crown of England^ they muft 
 find a Way to fettle for his Life, not only his 
 Revenue^' and the additional Duties as at Chrift-^ 
 mas laft, but of adding to them upon fome new 
 Funds 300,000 /. a Year, upon which (he faid) 
 he would confent to an Ad for appropriating^?;^ 
 hundred thoufand Pounds a Year to the conftan^ 
 Maintenance of the Navy and Ordnance.** Whp- 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 « 
 
 cc 
 
 <c 
 cc 
 
 «c 
 
 cc 
 
 I 
 
 -I 
 
 * '1*1 
 
 \% 
 
 •h 
 
 ft 
 
 
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 o 
 
 cvejr 
 
# 
 
 . '(98) 
 
 ever reads this Paflagc, will have no advantageous 
 Opinion of the By-Slander's Veracity in this parti- 
 cular Cafe, or of the Fairnefs and Exadlnefs of his 
 Calf Illations in any. - '^ ' ^ 
 
 "' His Computation of 156,000/. for the Navy, 
 he pretends to found upon an Eftimate of Sir fV, 
 Felly's \ but doth not think fit to quote the Place 
 where it may be found i only taking Care to fink 
 the Charge lower than 'tis made by his Author •, 
 who yet is certainly miftaken in his Eftimate, if it 
 be his. To fix thefe Charges with more Certain cy, 
 I muft have Recourfe to the Journals of the Com- 
 mons, who immediately after the Revolution, en- 
 quired into every Part of the Expences of former 
 Reigns with Regard to the Navy, as well as the 
 Houlhold, ^c, and I find it there on March 20, 
 1688-9, exprefly aflerted, that in the laft 5 Years 
 of King Charles II. the Charge of his Navy was 
 never lefs than 400,000 /. a Year ; and more parti- 
 cularly on April c^ following, that 48 Ships, as well 
 Men of War as Fire-Ships, ^c, with 7040 Seamen, 
 were always neceflary for a Summer's and Winter's 
 Guard, and coft 28,160/. a Month, or 366,080/. 
 a Year ; and that the Ordinary of the Navy was 
 fixed at 130,000/. a Year, which was the conftant 
 and neceffary Charge, befides 18,250/. ordinary 
 Charge in the Office for Salaries, travelling Charges, 
 and other Contingencies. To confirm this laft Ac- 
 count of the Charge of the Navy, and ftiew the 
 loweft Coft of it in all the Reign of King Charles ^ 
 I find, when the Charge of it in 1676 (a Year in 
 which he was engaged in no War with any European 
 Power, not even with the 1'urkijh Rovers, and there- 
 fore the cheapeft that I could poflibly pick out) had 
 been under the Examination of a Committee, Mr. 
 Bowles^ the Chairman, reported to the Houle on 
 June 17, 1678, " that the ordinary Charge of the 
 •* Navy in Times of Peace, for paying off the 
 '* - « Navy 
 
(99) 
 
 " Navy Board, Docks, and for Summer and Win- 
 ** ter Guard, (except Ordnance) was (the round 
 ♦* Sum of) 360,000/. and that the ordinary Charge 
 '* of Ordnance in Time of Peace, for both Land 
 " and Sea Service, was 72,000 /. a Year ": Bt;fides 
 which, there were other Expences for Stores, Re- 
 pairs, and the Ordinary of the Navy ; and there 
 were frequently Extraordinaries to be provided for, 
 which it is not eafy at this Diftance of Time to fpe- 
 cify, fuch as 44,551 /. iis, 4^. laid out in Forti- 
 fications in that fame peaceful Year of 1676, which 
 yet was allowed by the Parliament of 1678, which 
 profecuted the Popifh Plot with fo much Fury, and 
 which examined into all Difburfements with fo much 
 Exa6lnefs, and likewife with fuch an Indifpofition 
 to grant a Supply, or do any Thing for the Service 
 of the Crown, or to cafe it of any Expence to >yhich 
 it was fubjedl, that the like is fcarce ever to be ob- 
 ferved in all the Journals of the Houfe. It was in- 
 deed the fame Parliament that met in 1661, but 
 compofed of fuch a Majority of new Members, of 
 different Principles from thofe whq fate in it at the 
 firft, that the By-Slander (p. 8^.) tells us, t\itPVhigs 
 now infpired all its Meafures, and prefided in all its 
 Enquiries into the public Accompts ; fo that I hope 
 he will make no Objeflion to any Calculation I uf? 
 upon their Authority. 
 
 The next Article is the Charge of the King's 
 Guards ; which he computes at ^^^66^ I. as he does 
 that of Garifons, Fire, and Candle, and Contin- 
 gencies at 20,000 /. What can the By-Stander mean 
 by this Calculation ? Does he intend to put the Peo- 
 ple of England upon refledling on the happy Times 
 of their Forefathers ? Felices proavorum atofuos^ was 
 the ufual Exclamation of every virtuous Romany in 
 a Senfe of the Miferies of his Country, in an Age 
 of Corruption, whei ^ver he called to mind thp Vir- 
 tue and public Spirit of his Anceftors, in the early 
 
 O 2 anq 
 
 UuJrvq 
 
 I 
 
 ' M 
 
 ,«* 
 
 Ml 
 
 
11 . ! • 
 
 ( 100 ) 
 
 and incorrupt Days of the Republic. And does 
 the By-Stander now encourage the like Reflexion, 
 among a People that do not want good Sen fe, if the^ 
 are difpofcd to ufe it, and who feci enough to en- 
 gage them in a ferious linquiry into the true Caufcs 
 of all their Grievances ? The profcfled Defign of 
 his Pamphlet is indeed to make a Comparifon be- 
 tween the Times of K. Charles II. and thofe which 
 have pafled fince the Revolution : But he mud be 
 very weak in his Judgment, or very flrong in his 
 iPrejudices, if he really propofcd to k. /e his Pa- 
 tron, or make his Court to him by a Method fo 
 brcpofterous, that had it been taken and managed 
 by abler Hands than his own, every one that knows 
 iny Thing of thofe former Times, mud fee at firft 
 Sight how unlikely it was to anfwer that Purpofe. 
 I am willing to make all pofTible Allowances for his 
 Ignorance, Jet it appear never fo grols -, it is ftiJl lefs 
 tiifhonourable than if it were affc(5tcd ; and there- 
 Fore tho' he well knew, (p. 77.) that in the Year of 
 this his Calculation, Dunkirk and Mardike were ftill 
 in our Hands ; I will however fuppofe him ignorant 
 of what I have already proved, that there was in 
 thofe Places a Garifon of 3600 Foot, and a Regi- 
 ment of 490 Horfe, a flronger Force, and which 
 ought naturally to be more expenfive, than either 
 the Garifons which we now have in Minorca and 
 Gibraltar^ or than the one Regiment of Horfe and 
 one of Foot, which (he lays, p. 73.) were in that 
 Year kept up as Guards at the Expence of 99,667 /. 
 But he could not fure be fb ignorant, as not to know 
 that even after the Garifon of Dunkirk was removed 
 to a remote Qiiarter of the World, and fixed at 
 Tangier in Africa, the old Whigs of thofe Days could 
 fcarce fleep in their Beds, out of the terrible Appre- 
 henfions they had of the Danger to which tlie Liber- 
 ties of a whole Nation were expofed by two 
 Regiments of Guards. The heavy and eternally re- 
 " ;""' ' ' ' ' . " ' ' ' -^ peated 
 
( '01 ) 
 
 pcatcd CLimoiirs of thofe Patriots on this Occafion, 
 may perhaps be thought groundlcfs by the modern 
 Race of Men, who alFure to themfclves the Name, 
 whilft they delert the Principles of their PrcdecefTors, 
 and who either more coura<5ioiis in deipifing D.in- 
 gers, or lefs concernid lor their Liberties than ihey 
 were, can now flecp fecurely under the Guard ot a 
 Standing Army, formidable by its Numbers, and 
 kept fo conftantly on Poor, that it fcems to have be- 
 come a nccelHiry Part of our new Conftitution. 
 Thofe Clamours however muft raifc, at leafl in all 
 thinking Men, a high Opinion of the Goodnefs of 
 King Charleses Government, and of the Happinefs 
 the Kingdom enjoyed under him, for this evident 
 and up.deniable Reafon, tbnl People never make a 
 Noife about Nothings when they have any Thing mate^ 
 rial to object . What then is the By-Slander\ View 
 in reviving the Memory of thole happy Times ? 
 He knows, that the Year 1737 was a Year in 
 which we enjoyed a perfed Peace with our Neigh- 
 bours Abroad, and had all the Tranquillity and Sa- 
 tisfaction at Home that we can ever promile our- 
 felves, whilft our Debts and Taxes continue ; free 
 from all Manner of Alarms, and from all, even af- 
 fe6ted, Apprehenfions of Danger. He knows, that 
 in this Year, it was refolved to keep up in England 
 a Standing Army to the Number of 17,704 Men *, 
 and the Neceflity of fuch a Number was fo ftrongly 
 aflerted by thofe who were then concerned in the 
 Adminiftration, and fupported, if not by weighty 
 Arguments, at leaft by Pretences, that ferved to 
 Ihew their Refolution in this Refped: 5 fo that how- 
 ever all the World may wifh it, there are very few 
 that ever exped: to fee it leflTened. He knows, that 
 the Sum ot 64 75,549 /. 11 s. ^~i was granted foj. 
 the Pay of thefe Men, and 215,710/. 6 s. 5! fop 
 jthe Garifons of our Plantations, Minorca, and Gi- 
 
 f Hillorical Regifter, p. 413. and p. 8, ^c. ^ ' 
 !-*-''•• 3 brahar 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
Il 
 
 ( 102 ) 
 
 hraltar ; both Sums making together 863,259 /. 
 lis. gd. He well knows, how ill able a Nation, 
 funk with a Debt of near 50 Millions, and impo- 
 verilhed by the continual Payment of numberlefi 
 Taxes that ruin her Trade, is to fupport fo heavy a 
 Burthen ; and that the Number, as well as Expence, 
 of thefe Land Forces, hath been fince more than 
 doubled. He knows all this ; and yet after confi- 
 dering the Situation of Affairs in 1661 ; when King 
 Charles was fcarce feated in the Throne ; when an 
 Army of difaffeded Sectaries had fcarce laid down 
 their Arms, and fubmitted to be difperfed ; when 
 neither the King's Revenue, nor Ecclefiaftical Af. 
 fairs were as yet fettled ; when fuch a Change was 
 perhaps premeditated, as mud affect every Part of 
 the Nation, by turning 2000 pious Divines out of 
 as many of the befl Livings in the Kingdom ; when 
 an Infurredlion was jufl: quelled, and Plots were daily 
 carrying on to raife others ; he does not fcruple to 
 publifh to the World, that all the Land Forces 
 which King Charles kept up for his Security in this 
 Time of Trouble, Diforder and Danger, did not 
 coft the Nation one Hundred and twenty thqufand 
 Pounds a Year. ^^ 
 
 Such are the Calculations by which the ^-5/^;/^^r, 
 p. 73. pretends to reduce the Difburfements for pubr 
 lie Services in 166 1, to the Sum of 375,667 /. his 
 View in computing thefe fo low is, to have a Pre-? 
 tence to fweli up a faving to the Crown, out of the 
 public Grants, to the Amount of 2,397,285 /. and 
 in Confequence thereof, to fall foul on the loyal 
 Parliament then fitting, on Account of a Liberality 
 to the Crown, which had no JExiftence but in his 
 own Imagination. '^^ ' - • ' ~- - 
 
 Parliaments in thofe Days were every whit as fav- 
 ing of the People's Money, as every private Man 
 could be of his own ; they did not make their owp 
 Court to the Prince, at the Expence of their Con- 
 ... VA' ' "^ ' ' * ^ "' ^ ■' ftituentsi 
 
( 103 ) ' 
 
 ftiluents •, and notwithftanding the By-Stander (pro- 
 bably judging of former Ages by what he fees in his 
 own, beyond which his Letter tempts me to think 
 his Knowledge doth not extend,) is pleafed in fcve- 
 ral Places *, to reprefent this loyal Parliament, as 
 perpetually gorging a King^ who was perpetually trav- 
 vingy &c. it will be found upon Examination, that 
 they did not vary in this Point from the Condudof 
 their Predeceffors. The King had left the fettling 
 of his Revenue fo entirely to that Houfe of Com- 
 mons, which through General Monk's Influence had 
 invited him Home, that he did not fend them fo 
 much as one Meflage on the Subjedt, in a Jundturc 
 fo favourable for extravagant Compliments in that 
 Way, as Accefllons have fometimcs proved ; fuch 
 was his craving. All King Charles's Meflages were 
 on a different Account, viz. to prefs the Commons, 
 who, fuller of Refcntments and private Paflions, 
 than their infinitely more injured Prince, were 
 fpending Weeks in confidering, who fhould be 
 excepted out of that Act of Indemnity, which he, 
 by a Clemency not to be parallelled from the Be- 
 ginning of the World to that Time, defigned to be 
 general, to pafs it without further Delay ; in Order 
 to quiet the Minds of the guilty Part of the Na- 
 tion, and remove from them all Apprehenfions of 
 Vengeance. He indeed teazed the Houfe fufficient- 
 - ly by Mclfages for that Purpofe ; but there was not 
 lead mention of Money in any of them, unlelsin his 
 Anfwer toun Addrefs of the Lords on Account of the 
 . fan:ie Adt, (iJS hath been obferved before) by which 
 he gave up to his Subjects alcove Twelve Millions Ster- 
 ling of his own private undoubted Property ; fuch 
 war» (what i\it By-Stander Qa}h^ his infatiable Appe- 
 • iitc for Money. I wilh I could fay that this Remif- 
 : fion, ' generous to a romantic Degree, had not been 
 abulcd by thofe, whom it became to make a proper 
 
 * Pjg. J I, U^, 87 and 88. 
 
 :;',''' a Return 
 
 
 ¥ 
 
 iJV 
 
.. ( 104 ) ; . „^. 
 
 Return for it -, King Charles had tlirn been as happy 
 hirnfelt, as the Nation was under his Reign ; and 
 had he not remitted that vaft Sum due to him, he 
 might have Hved and died as rich as he left his Peo- 
 ple, who by the Wealth they accumulated in his 
 Time, were enabled to fiipport the almoft infinite 
 Expences they have been fince put to, in the Wars 
 which followed the Revolution. ; •' • -on I -^j . - > 
 I have (hewn in what an immenfe Debt, contract- 
 ed in the iniquitous Times of the late Ufurpers,' 
 King Charles was left involved by rhe Convention 
 Parliament ; he had by his Credit done all he could 
 to pay off the Seamen, agreeable to the Rules laid 
 down by the Houfe of Commons to be obferved in 
 that Point, as well as in difbanding the Forces *, but 
 having among their Regulations refolved, that both 
 Ihould be paid their Arrears from the If ear 1^58; 
 the Seamen were in a very bad Condition j abun- 
 dance of them being in Arrears for three or four 
 Years Service. The King's Bounty had hitherto 
 fupply'd them ; but it was fit the new Parliament, 
 which met on May 8, 1661, fhould provide for their 
 Service. The Chancellor in his Speech recommended 
 it to their Care, and mofl of the Time in their firft 
 SefTion was fpent in examining into the Navy Debt,' 
 j»nd the Arrears of 65 and 36 Ships that were to be 
 paid off and difchargcd immediately, to prevent 
 the Debts increafing daily, by continuing the Sea- 
 men in Service ; and palled the Bills mentioned by 
 the By-Stander^ pag. 69 and 70. But all that they 
 did with Regard to the Revenue of the Crown was, 
 to appoint a fpecial Committee to inquire into the 
 State and Value of what had been intended by the 
 laft Parliament for that Purpofe ; and finding it on 
 the Report * to be defedive about 300,000 /. a 
 Year, another Committee was appointed to ftate the 
 Particulars of the Deficiencies, and confider how the/ 
 
 * June 18, July Xz. 
 
 ' " s. might 
 
the 
 
 ( 105 ) 
 
 iiiight be beft fupplied ; in Confcquence of whofe 
 Report, on July 23, they ordered an Infpedion in- 
 to the Revenue of the Excife, in order to confider 
 how it might be advanced the next Seflion, with 
 moft Eafe to the People, and be colledted with the 
 leaft Charge to his Majefty \ and refolved to add a 
 Duty on fealed Paper and Parchment for Publick 
 Ufe ; but no Bill was brought in or ordered for 
 that Purpofe. , . 
 
 The Parliament adjourned on July 30, to Nov, 
 20 i from which Day they fate till December 20, 
 without doing any Thing more on the Subjed: 
 Jhus the. whole Year 1661, pafTed without the 
 Crown Revenue being fettled. There does not in 
 this appear any fuch Eagernefs in this Parliament to 
 make their Court to the Prince, as the By-Stander 
 has been pleafed to charge them with, or as we 
 may have obferved of others in later Times : And 
 how the By-Stander can take upon him to fay, page 
 08, that the King now (i6i5i,) " enjoyed fo 
 *' very confider able a fettled Revenue, that he had 
 *' little Want of any additional Supplies, " is not 
 eafy for a Man who has a regard to Truth to 
 
 imagine. 
 
 The Houfes met again after Cbriflmas, as foon as 
 the Holidays were over 5 but proceeded with the 
 fame Sldwnefs as before in the Affair. The King, 
 involved in Debts on the . Public Account, and 
 ftruggling with his Wants, had Reafon enough to 
 be uneafy at Delays; which argued an Indifpofition 
 in the Commons to aflfift him in his Difficulties, or 
 put him in a Way to fubilft his Houfhold, and fup- 
 port the Dignity of the Crown. ... H[e bore it long, 
 'till prefled by his urgent Neceffities^ which made 
 any fuch further Delay dangerous to the Safety of 
 the Publick, he lent a Mcffige to the Houfc: on 
 March ^^ 1664-, to this Effecl: : " That he was 
 ** much concerned to find that they were no nearer 
 -;.: . P ^* fettling 
 
 n 
 
 
 i; 
 
 II 
 
 111 
 
i 
 
 
 «( 
 
 4fc 
 
 • k 
 
 ( io6) 
 
 fettling his Revenue than they had been at Cbrfjl- 
 that he had communicated his Condition 
 
 jiias 
 
 <( 
 
 t( 
 
 t( 
 
 (( 
 
 «( 
 
 t( 
 
 46 
 
 «C 
 
 t( 
 
 (( 
 
 to them ijuuhout Refcrve^ what he had coming in, 
 and what his neceflary Difljurfements were ; and 
 was cxGecding)y deceived, if whatever they gave 
 him were any other wife given to him, than to 
 be iflfued for their own Ule and Benefit 5 and that 
 they fhould confider there was a Republican Par- 
 ty Hill in the Kingdom, which promifed them- 
 felveS another Revolution, and the only Way to 
 difappoint their Hopes was, to Ihew that they 
 had fo provided for the Crown, that it had 
 wherewith to fupport itfelf and fecure the Realm.** 
 What neither the Zeal of this Parliament for 
 Monarchy, nor the firft Fits of Complaifance on a 
 Prince's Acceflion, which often cofb a People dear; 
 nor their Senfe of the Deficiency of the Revenue^ 
 nor the honorary Engagement they were under by 
 a former Vote on this Subject, could prevail with 
 them to do, the Neceflity of the Thing, and the 
 Danger of a further Delay, extorted from them aC 
 lall i and they .ordered a Bill to be brought in for 
 c'^ablilhingan Additional Revenue upon his Majefty, 
 his Pleirs and Succeffors. This is a true and naked 
 Relation of the Faft; and the Reader may hence 
 learn what to think of the fcandalous Afperfiona 
 thrown on this Houfe of Commons, for their for^ 
 fiur Speed and ftrange Liberality, and on the King 
 fov his u/ua! Craving, pag. 77. by the By-Stander^ 
 who feems throughout his whole Performance to 
 know nothing at all of former Times, and to have 
 only formed Notions of them in his Imagination, 
 from what he has feen pradlifed in the Prefent •, and 
 from thence, by the wrongeft Conclufion in Na- 
 ture, fancies \i to have been fo formerly. The 
 World, I am perfuaded, will find nothing in this 
 Relation, fojuftly meriting their Wonder and A- 
 fconinimcnt, as diat Parliament's llrange Backward-^ 
 
 I' 
 
( 107 ) 
 
 ncfs to fettle the Revenue of the Crown, and the 
 King's unej^ampled P.atience in be,aring their Ptv 
 lays. 
 
 Before I proceed to adjufl the Grants and D\C- 
 burfements of 1661 ; I muft obferve th^t Ireland 
 was in a very diftraded Condition, till the Year 
 1666; when the Parlijjment, after providing for 
 the Settlement of the Kingdom, by the A61 of Ex- 
 planation, laid feveral Taxes for the fupport of the 
 Government. Till then it was a conitant heavy 
 Burthen on King Charles^ as it was an occafional one 
 afterwards. He found there at his Refloration an 
 Army of Se(5taries and Fanatics, which in the Situ- 
 ation of that Kingdom, it was abfolutely ncceffiry 
 to pay off and dilband, as foon as pofTible. Th;U 
 "Work and the providing for the Peace and Safety 
 of that Realm during its Confufions, *till the Set- 
 tlement was made, cod the King (as I have good 
 Reafon to think) above 400,000 /. in the two firfl: 
 Years, and 100,000/. a Year for Three Years af- 
 terwards, 'till the Supplies were granted in the be- 
 ginning of 1 666, Nor had King Charles any Aid 
 from the Englijh Parliament towards this extraordi- 
 nary Expence ; all was to be defrayed by a Vore pf 
 1,200,000/. a Year, intended but not provided, 
 and at lad found deficient. A Frugality habitual 
 to Parliaments in thofe Days, or pjjrhaps a Politic 
 Unwillingnefs to put the Crown at its Ea/e, (which 
 was once a Maxim of that ^ody) made them leave 
 upon it a Bjrthen too heavy for that Revenue to 
 bear, even though it had been fettled and not found 
 deficient; it was (lill to defray every Thing, and 
 fupply all Occafions. 
 
 The Slownels too, with which the Parliarnqnt 
 granted Supplies for the mofl: necellary Services, 
 was another Expence to the King, that ought to be 
 confidered. The Ad: for raifing 1,260,000/. by 
 J 8 Months AflefTmenr, did not pafs *till the 20th 
 
 P 2 01 
 
 'I 
 
 n 
 

 ^i:; 
 
 I 
 
 ■ifl) 
 
 :ri 
 
 o o 
 
 ( io8 ) 
 
 o'^ December 1661 ', and was immediately afligned 
 away Co difcharge the Money, which the King had 
 borrowed to pay off the Seamen of the Ships that 
 were difcharged in July that Year *. Eight Months 
 or more from that Time pafled, before a Penny of 
 that Afleffment could come in •, and two Year's be- 
 fore the whole was due or could be raifed ; fo that 
 if I charge one Years Intereft only on this Account, 
 it muft be deemed a very moderate Calculation, 
 and yet it amounts to 75,600 /. " " 
 
 To come to the Account of the Grants and Dif- 
 burfements for the Year 1661. •^> --i 1 
 
 ■'''^^'■' L s. d. 
 The By-Stander dates the for- 7 
 
 merat ^ -?/ -^^ J2>772,952 
 
 I deduft from thence for the > 
 
 Foreftof Bean^ ^v^ 1 J 
 More for his Charge of Excife s 
 ' * Arrears, for Realons before V 
 
 alledged, ^ ' - ' J 
 
 For Charge of colledlirtg 7 
 
 1,260,000/. J 
 
 For Intereft of Money borrow- 7 
 
 ed and afligned thereon, i 
 For Cornijh Leafes computed in 
 
 the Small Branches of the 
 
 Revenue, 
 For 490 Horfe, and 3600 Foot 7 
 
 at Dunkirk and Mardike^ &c. J 
 For 7040 Seamen necefiary for 7 ^^ n 
 
 Summer and Winter Guards, 3 ^ ' 
 For Ordinary of the Navy, 130,000 o o 
 
 For Ordnance for Land and 7 _ . 
 
 Sea-Service, 3 ' ' 
 
 * See Journals ^«^ u, 1661, and Jpril-j, 1662. 
 
 3000 
 
 .-, - - T , - - ■ -M 
 
 270,000 
 
 * *"'>"■ .ft-- 
 
 o o 
 
 ■ ■■'; •■* > 
 
 21,240 o o 
 75,600 o p 
 
 100,000 a o 
 
 100,000 o o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 KB. 
 
I s. ci. 
 
 zivJlir.IIv' rrtjb^r-/*! 
 000, 000 o o 
 
 ( ie<> ) 
 
 JV. 5. There was a War at this' 
 ' Time with the Pirates of 
 > JiperSy Tripoli, Tunis, ard 
 '^ Sallee \ and the Earl of Sand- 
 ^> wicb WEo fent this Year into 
 ' the Mediterranean, the extra- 
 ^' dinary Charge of which I do 
 
 not know; and therefore do 
 '^ rot compute, neither now 
 «' nor in any of the Three 
 
 Years that this Warcontinu- 
 
 ed, though we had the like 
 '^ Squadrons ^employed all the 
 •* Time. 
 Debt of the Navy for Stores^ *"* 
 
 and Seamen, on Decern, 29, i 673,^20 S 
 '' 1660, 3 
 
 More due to Seamen for Six 
 ' ' Months, 'till the Ship 
 ^> paid off in July 
 - 25,000/. a Month 
 For difb^nding the Army and 7 
 * Charges in Ireland^ i 
 
 
 :n for Six") 
 
 Ships were f 
 1661, atf 
 
 », 3 
 
 
 150,000 O 
 
 '■■■A 
 O 
 
 400,000 o o 
 
 •t ••««(<': ff- 
 
 2,351,640 8 9 
 
 '■'il 
 
 i« 
 
 ' ' I! 
 
 .J^ 
 
 t, ^1- t.^'. 1 - 
 
 • r. ■ I » -^ 
 
 Deducing this Sum oF 2,351,640/. 8j. gd. out 
 6f the jBy-5/j»^'s of 2,772,952/; there remains 
 but 421,31 1 /. 1 1 J. 3 ^. a Sum much too little to 
 anfwer the conftant Charge of the Houfhold, and 
 other Expenccs within the Kingdom : Which I am 
 now to Compute, v-^ •*'*' '*'*^«*^i^^'* V r* t^isv* 
 
 For the Houjhold -^ S:*^^ 107,000 o o 
 
 Treafurer of the Cbamher. 30,000 o 6 
 
 Wardrobe ;;u ..( ;f- . ^2,125 ^ ^ 
 
 s > .? 
 
 'f 
 
(HO) 
 
 isi! 
 
 •,!i 
 
 
 Robes 
 
 Works 
 
 Foreign Minifters 
 
 Stables ' 
 
 Fees and Salaries 
 
 Pen/tons, not during Pleafure, j 
 but by Letters Patent for^ 
 Lives and Years i 
 
 Band of PenfK'ners 
 
 Bounties ^ * 
 
 Secret Service by the Secretary i 
 of State about ••• i 
 
 Ditto by Sir Stephen FoXy about 
 
 Prruy-Purfe 
 
 Jewels and Plate ' , 
 
 Impoft Bills V ' 
 
 Contingencies 
 
 Judges , . \: . , 
 
 ^if/c<6 Judges . ... , • 
 
 Maftcrs in Chancery . • 
 
 /. 
 
 5000 
 24,669 
 32^657 
 11,045 
 
 56,495 
 
 s, 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 150,000 o o 
 
 6000 
 
 2768. 
 
 '"' 7000 
 
 10,000 
 30,000 
 
 15*740 
 
 3600 
 
 22,403 
 
 1 2,000 
 
 i 700. 
 1100 
 
 o 
 Q 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o. 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 '•■->. 
 
 540,302 o o 
 
 Befides what was fettled on the Queen Mother and 
 the Duke of Tork, 
 
 , -t"--'^*-'. ■. •••*• . 
 
 This Calculation is taken from the Accounts, 
 given in to the Houfe of Commons, on March 
 
 20, and April 27, 1689, of the Expences of the 
 the Court and Charges on the Revenue in the Time 
 of King Charles II. and King James II. the Arti- 
 cles diftinguilhed by Italic Letters being exprefsly 
 obferved in the Report to be the Expence in the 
 Time of Charles II ; and fomewhat different from 
 what it was in King James's^ except that of the 
 Penfions, the Reafon of wh\cti I have mentioned 
 before. To which mud be added 60,000 /. for the 
 
 :^^.:,:- . V, Charge 
 
o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 ( "I ) 
 
 Charge of the Coronation this Year; and 200,000/. 
 a Year for Guards and Garrifons, according to the 
 keport made to the Commons, April 5, 1689. 
 Thefc three Sums together, amount to .800,302 / ; 
 and if out of this Sum we deduft the 421,311/. 
 1 1 J. 3 ^. remaining of the By-Siander's Calculation 
 as dated above, there will be a Deficiency of King 
 Charles's Civil Lift for the Year 1661, to the A- 
 mountof 378,990/. 8 J. gd. 
 
 This Deficiency will be much increaled, by add- 
 ing what hath not hitherto been computed, but 
 which ought not to be omitted, viz. the Charges 
 of the Houfhold, ^c. for 8 Months of the Refto- 
 ration Year j which being two Thirds of the annual 
 Expence, comes to 360,201 /. 6 s. 8 d. as the like 
 Proportion of that of Guards and Garrifons does to 
 133,333/. ^^' ^ ^' befides fome other Charges 
 which ought to be allowed in the fame Proportion, 
 but which as there is no Occafion, it would be too 
 tedious to enumerate. Only there are two Articles^ 
 too confiderabic to be omitted, viz. what was due 
 to the Queen Mother, and to the Duke of Tork ; 
 the firft of which had a Jointure of 30,000/. a 
 Year in Crown Lands, and a Penfion of 30,000 /. 
 a Year out of the Exchequer * ; and the latter (as 
 far as I can judge) about 70,000 /. a Year, tho* it 
 was increafed much afterwards by the Improvement 
 of the Revenue of the Poft Office. Now a Year 
 and 8 Months due to the Queen Mother for her 
 Penfion, amounts to 50,000 /. and to the Duke of 
 Tork for his Revenue, comes to ii 6,668 /. 6 s. Sd. 
 both Sums making 166,666 I. 6s. S d. »t 
 
 There is however another Article, which muft 
 not be omitted, becaufe it was a Part of the public 
 Service ablblutel/ neceflary, tho* left unprovided 
 for by the laft Parliament, after it had been report- 
 ed to the Houll* by afpecial Committee on Nov. 12, 
 
 * Prefcnt State of EngJanefy ^. D. 1669, pa^. 3 1 1 . '.* 
 
 
 I' ', 
 
 rg£ 
 
'■> i ; 
 
 T':' 
 
 f-, 
 
 ( 112 ) 
 
 1660, that the Stores were empty both of Vidhjafs 
 and Neccflaries for the Fleet, and the renewing 
 them will coft 200,000 /. This was a Point which 
 admitted of ho Delay. King Charles was forced to 
 borrow Money, and engage his Credit to fupply the 
 Stores i and with what Lofs to himlcif he did it, 
 may be eaOly be imagined," from what Dr. Dave- 
 nant^ af'"*?r obferving what great Sums have been 
 paid for Intereft Money, fays in his E£ay on IVays 
 and Means, p. 41. *•* that it will be found ait the long 
 ^* Run, that were the King to buy Stores or pay 
 •' his Fleet, 700,000 /. in ready Money, will go 
 ** farther than a Million in Tallies. 
 
 Computing, however, this Article barely at 
 200,000/. this, with theothef Sums of 133,333 /. 
 6 s. S d. 360,201/. 6 s. S d. 378,990/. S s. gd, 
 and 1 66^666 1. 6 j. 8 d. the Deficiency of the 
 king^s Civil Lift, or Crown Revenue, for the Year 
 
 1 66 1, amounts to One Million^ two Hundred thirty-, 
 fiine Tboufand, one Hundred ninety -two Founds, eight 
 Shillings and nine Pence. 
 
 - • I fhall not repeat here what hath been already ob- 
 ferved of the vaft Debts charged on the Revenue, 
 and ordered to be difcharged by the Votes of the 
 precedent Parliament, the laft Day of its fitting. 
 But let every one conlider the miferable Condition 
 of a private Man involved in Debt : He fcarce 
 knows where he is 5 he fells now one Part of his 
 Eftate, and then another, to flop a Gap, yet finds 
 himfelf ftill involved, and the Burthen as great as 
 ever, -till as laft he parts with the Whole, and is 
 undone without Refource. This we fee by daily 
 '^Experience in private Cafes, and as it is the fame in 
 the Cafe of Princes, we fhall not wonder if King: 
 Charles, fo loaded with Debts at his firft Entrance 
 on the Govern menr, was forced to part with his 
 trown Lands and Fee-Farm Rents, to difcharge 
 thofe Parts thereof wliich were moft prefllng •, and 
 
 in 
 
(i'3) 
 
 an equitable Mind wilJ be more apt to pity the un- 
 happy Circumftances in which that Prince was, with- 
 out any Fault of his own, engaged by the Iniqui- 
 ties of former Times, (which forced him to thofe, 
 and other Steps,) for a prcfent Relief to his NecclTi- 
 ties, th;in to be fevere m ccnfuring his Condud in 
 thofe Rcfpcds. 
 
 »• 
 I proceed now to the By-Stander*s^ 
 
 Calculations (p. 74. ) for the Year / 
 
 1662 i he charges the Cuftoms, Ex- > 762,952 
 . cife. Wine Licences, and fmaJl I 
 
 Branches, with Polt-Officc, at J 
 
 The A6\ for an additional Revenue, or7 
 
 Hearth-Money, for half a Year, at 3 
 The A61 for Prize-Monies not accompt- 1 
 
 cd for j 
 
 Ditto, for ordering the Militia, i^c. 
 Sale of Dunkirk 
 Queen Calherine*s Portion 
 
 50,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 210,000 
 250,000 
 300,000 
 
 1,622,952 
 
 >,- 
 
 How groundlefs foever the By-Slander's Com- 
 plaints of the Speed and Liberality of this Parliament 
 are, is evident from this very Account of his own 
 drawing. A Vote had paffed two Years before for 
 fettling 1,200,000 /. a Year on the Crown, as a con- 
 ftant (landing Revenue ; the Funds afligned for that 
 Purpofe, had been found deficient by ^00,000 /. a 
 Year, and a Vote had pafled for fupplying that De- 
 ficiency : But all that was done towards it in this 
 Year 1662, was the granting of an additional Re- 
 venue, which had it been colledted for the whole 
 Year, might have amounted to a Third, but being 
 fo only for half a Year, did not amount to above 
 a fixth Part of that Deficiency ; fo that the King, 
 
 Q after 
 
i 
 
 '\4 
 
 ■II 
 
 I ll 
 
 ("4) 
 after fufFcrlng for the two Years before from a De- 
 ficiency at the Rate of 300,000 /. a Year, was to be 
 defalked likewifc 250,000/. for this Year. Such 
 was the Speed of that ParHament, very different 
 from what we may obferve of others in our Days, 
 in the Cafe of more extraordinary Deficiencies. 
 
 He computes the Prize Monies at 50,000 /. tho' 
 the Prote<^or Oliver^ and the fucceeding Ufurpcrs, 
 were too much prefled for J.ioney, to let any lie 
 dead, that could be poffibly got in to fupply their 
 Occafions. I am not fond of difputing any of the 
 By-Slander'' s Calculations, how ill foever they feem 
 to be founded, unleis I am authorized by fomc Fad 
 to make another with more Certainty. In this Cafe 
 I find, that the Convention Parliament had enquired 
 into the Value of thefe Prize-Monies ; and a Report 
 being made on June 22, 1660, that 41,495/. 5J. 
 3-J:, was the Amount thereof, they ordered it to be 
 applied to the Payment of the public Debts. Sc* 
 vcral Perfons had Orders for Payment on thefe par- 
 ticular Monies •, fo that little Doubt is to be made, 
 but the Receivers, in whofe Hands they were lodg- 
 ed, had been called to Account, and the greateft 
 Part thereof paid in the two Years that had paflfed 
 between the Day abovementioned and the Time of 
 this Ad i fo that it feems to me a very large Al- 
 lowance for the Money remaining, to compute it at 
 20,000 /. 
 
 As to the 8th Article of 210,000/. which the 
 King, by the 23d Claufe of the Ad 13 and 14 
 Car, 2. c, 2' had Power for 3 Years from June 24, 
 1662, to June 24, 1665, to levy, by the Lords and 
 Deputies Lieutenants, at the Rate of 70,000 /. a 
 Year, for paying the Militia, if he found it neccllury 
 to raife it in a Time of apparent Danger, it ought 
 not to be charged, unlefs the Afleflment had been 
 adually levied ♦, and even in that Cafe it Ihould have 
 been charged in different Years. It is of no Con- 
 3 fequence 
 
fhc 
 [en 
 ve 
 in- 
 ice 
 
 • ■ : c "^) : 
 
 fequcnce what the Apprehenfions of any wronf^- 
 headcd Mortal are on this Subjc<fl, but every lVi;;n 
 of common Senfe will eafily fee the wide Difflrencc 
 between this Aft and a moderate Vote of Credit \ and 
 the People of England have fiifficiendy felt as great 
 a Difference in their Confequences, having always 
 paid for the latter, whereas the Power entruflcd to 
 King Charles was put into fo gooci Hands, that it 
 does not appear there ever was a Peny of Money 
 levied, or brought into the Exchequer^ or the Mili- 
 tia ever raifed in thofe three Years \ and therefore I 
 take the Liberty of deducing thi? whole Article, 
 which none but a Perfon drove to his laft Shifts to 
 fwell out a Charge, would ever have offered to 
 infert. 
 
 I have already given my Reafons and Authorities 
 for dating the ordinary Difburfementsof each Year, 
 at the Rate I am going to^fix for this of 1662 ; on- 
 ly I deferred producing thofe which engaged me to 
 compute the Charge of Guards and Garrifons at 
 200,000 /. in Hopes of finding a Paffige in a Jour- 
 nal, where (if my Memory have not failed meVaore 
 than ufual) I have feen it eftimated at that Sum : 
 But not readily finding the Place, it will be proper 
 to juftify this Article by the Number of Guards, 
 £*ff. on Foot, according to the Account given by 
 Dr. Chamberlain^ in the firfl Edition of the Prefent 
 State of England, They confided of 3 Troops, 
 the firlt of 200, the others of 150 Men each; the 
 5/«^ Regiment of Horfe, 500 Men in 8 Troops 5 
 the fird Regiment of Foot Guards, called the 
 King's Regiment, of 1700 Men in 24 Companies; 
 the Coldjlream^ the Duke of Tork*Sy and another 
 Regiment •, befides the Companies neccflary for the 
 Garrifons in Forts and Cadles, (which were more 
 numerous then than now) throughout England^ Jer- 
 fey^ Guernfeyy and the Plantations ; and which could 
 pot be maintained at a lefs Expencc, 
 
 ' \\ 
 
 II 
 
 V\ 
 
 ¥ 
 
( u6 ) 
 
 It mud be obferved alfo that the Queen, tho' fhe 
 brought a Portion of 300,000 /. befides Tangier and 
 JSombay, brought alfo a Charge of 40,000 /. a Year 
 for her Court, Houfhold, and ordinary Revenue ; 
 befides 20,000 /. a Year more allowed by the King 
 for her Table and Stables, ns appears from Dr. 
 Chamberlain's Prefent State bctore quoted, and the 
 loth Edition thereof in 1677, pag. 192 and 195. 
 
 • ■ -'■■* §, • ^ 
 
 TliC B'-Stander reprefents the King's Re- > ^„ ^ 
 
 ceipts for 1662, at j ' ' '^^ 
 
 Dedudt thence in the Article of Prize 7 
 
 Monies J 30,ooo 
 
 — of the Militia Aft 
 
 1 
 
 Difburfements for Dunkirk 
 
 Ditto for Tangier this Year only 
 
 ■ 7040 Seamen fof Summer ar. J 
 
 ..i o Winter Guards 
 
 i Ordinary of the Navy 
 
 .— — Ordnance for Land and Sea Service 
 
 The King's Houfhold, (^c. • 
 
 Duke of Tork's 
 
 ■■ The Queen Confo. t 
 
 The Queen Mother, befides her 7 
 
 Jointure in Land - i. J 
 Charges in Ireland 
 
 \'fj 
 
 - Guards and Gar^rifons 
 
 210,000 
 100,000 
 60,000 
 
 366,080 
 
 1 30,000 
 72,000 
 
 540^302 
 70,000 
 60,000 
 
 30,000 
 
 100,000 
 200,000 
 
 
 i-v 
 
 1,968,382 
 
 J The Aids granted by Parliament, with the King's 
 extraordinary Receipts for Dunkirk^ and the Queen's 
 Portion, amounting only to 1,622,952 /. and the 
 Difburfements to 1,968,382 /. the King was a Lofer 
 this Year 345,430 /. befides the extraordinary Ex- 
 pences he was at for the Queen's bringing over and 
 
 T .y Recep- 
 
( "7) 
 
 Reception-, for the Tranfport-fervice in fending a 
 Gan ifon to 'Tangier^ and carrying over that of Dun- 
 kirk with M. de Schomberg to UJhon^ to afllft the 
 King of Pcrtugaly (the Maintenance whereof coft 
 him confiderably 'ti'l 1668, when Peace was made 
 with Spain,) in the War with the Rovers o^ Algiers^ 
 Tunis, and Tripoli, ^c. all which are Articles of 
 great Expence. In fhort, let a Man confider feri- 
 oufly the King's Situation at this Time, under a 
 Load of Debts, contracted for the public Service, 
 and the ftrange Backward nefs of the P.»,rl lament to 
 relieve him, or even to make up the Revenue of 
 1,200,000 /. which they had judged neceflfary to 
 fupport the Dignity of the Crown, and defray the 
 Charges of the Government ; and riiat they had ftill 
 left a Deficiency of 250,000 /. upon it, and he 
 will ceafe to wonder at the King's being forced to 
 part with Dunkirk, to lefTcn his Expences, and ena- 
 ble him with lefs Inconvenience to afTift his Brother 
 the King of Portugal ; for thefe were the Reafons 
 of that Step, as is evident from the Letters of the 
 Marefcbal d^ Eftrades, in which his Majefty's Ne- 
 ceflities are reprefented in the livelieft Colours. 
 
 Thefe appear likewife fufficiently in the Earl of 
 JSriJiol's Speech, (the fined perhaps that ever was 
 made upon Earth,) to the Houf'^ of Commons in 
 the next SciTion, which began Feb. 18, 1664-, and 
 ended July 27, 1663. The firit Bufincfs which en- 
 o-aojed the Attention of the Houfe after their meet- 
 log, and which (as appears upon the Journals) took 
 up the grcateft part of their Time, was that of the 
 Crown Revenue. They appointed a fpecial Com~ 
 mittee of the ablefl: Members of the Houfe, to ex- 
 amine into theCuftoms, the Crown Lands, the Fee- 
 Farm Rents, and every particular Branch of the 
 Revenue •, into ail Grants and Alienations thereof 
 fmce the Death of King Charles I. (for his Son the 
 prefent King had not been ungrateful to his old 
 
 FriendsJ 
 
 ■r- 
 
cc 
 
 «c 
 
 cc 
 
 «c 
 
 cc 
 
 ( ii8 ) 
 
 Friends) and into the Charges of colleding, and 
 to Officers in Receipts and Payments thereof : And 
 perhaps there was fcarce ever made fo ftri(5t an En- 
 quiry. The King took Notice of it in his Speech, 
 which is entered on their Journal of April i, 1663, 
 ill thefe Words,. " Mr. Speaker, and Gentlemen 
 *' of the Houfe of Commons, I am willing to take 
 *' this Occafion to give you my particular Thanks 
 for your great Kindnefs in taking hold upon an 
 eafy Intimation, rather than Invitation from 
 me, to enter on the Confideration of tny Revenue, 
 It was kindly done^ and I fhall never forget it. I 
 have given Order, that you be fully informed of 
 *• the true State of it ; and then I know you will 
 *' do that which is guod for me and you." 
 
 King Charles^ with the Sentiments of a King 
 truly Englifi}^ had given thefe Orders without waiting 
 an Addrels from the Commons on the Subjeft •, far 
 from being jealous of fuch an Enquiry, or from ap- 
 prehending the leaft Inconvenience from any Dif- 
 coveries it might produce, he invites, he encou- 
 ra^ci, he aflids them in an Examination, which 
 ought in reafon to turn in the End as much to his 
 Benefit, as it would be lO their Satisfadlion. After 
 they had been upon it for feme Time, the King in 
 his Speech on June 12, after telling the Commons, 
 th^t they would never find either his Receipts fo 
 great, or his Expences fo exorbitant, aswasima- 
 gined ; and that it would appear by the Ac- 
 *' compts, that not one Peny of the Crown Reve- 
 nue had been difpofed of, but op h\\\ IDelibera- 
 tion with himfelf, and by his own Order, and 
 (they wouXd all fay^ for the Public Service : For 
 the moft difaffefted could not be more unwilling 
 to pay, than he was to receive'*; and then acquaints 
 them with the Difcovery of the Defign for (cit- 
 ing Dublin Caftle, and raifing an Infurrection in 
 Ireland, and the Neceffity he lay under of fending 
 
 <c 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 (C 
 
 imme- 
 
 lit ' 
 
("9) 
 
 diately a large Sum of Money to that Country, for 
 paying the Army, and putting the Garrifons in 
 good Order. 
 
 The Commons on this Occafion, came the fame 
 Day to a Refolution, after a Divifion (in which 
 there were iii diffenting Voices againft 159,^ to 
 give his Majefty a prefent Supply : And on June 19, 
 refolved to raife it by a Subfidy of 4 j. in the Pound 
 upon Lands, and 2 j. 8 ^. on Goods, (the old Rates 
 of fuch Subfidics,) and to name the Commiffioners 
 for levying it). A Bill was afterwards brought in 
 for granting the King four of thefe Subfidies, and 
 confirming 4 of the lik^ Subfidies granted by the 
 Clergy : And it had the Royal Aflent on July 27. 
 The Ry-Stander has been pleafed to pronounce this 
 (p, 82.) to be a very flridl Land Tax of 4 s. in the 
 Pound •, and to compute alj the Subfidies of both 
 Clergy and Laity at 1,200,000/. *Tis irkfome to 
 be put continually upon obfcTving the Miftakes he 
 falls into, by forming Notions of former Times 
 upon what he fees in the prefent. Had he known 
 the leaft of Antiquity, he could never have fallen 
 into fo grofs a Miftake, unlefs he did it defignedly ; 
 fince the very Title of the A6b (for the A6t itfclfis 
 not printed in any Colled ion that I have k^n of 
 our Statutes, not even in the laft, though it wcli 
 deferved a Place there, as being the laft in its kind 
 of this Way of Taxation by Subfidies, at leaft as to 
 the Clergy,) might have prevented his Miftake, and 
 Ihcwn him it was a Tax in the old Way of Subfi- 
 dies. Parliaments in that Age were very faving of 
 their own, and their Conftituents Money, and made 
 more Difficulty in granting 100,000 /. than they 
 do now in giving a Million. We were not then 
 ufed to a Load of Taxes, the Senle of which is 
 always leftened by their Continuance, even thoue;h 
 their Weight and ill Confequence be greater. This 
 Parliament took into their Confideration the Way 
 
 f 
 I 
 
 I; 
 
 ,1 If 
 

 II ' 
 
 1!. 
 
 ( 120 ) 
 
 ofraifing the Siipply,with the greateftEale tothem- 
 fdvcs; they found that in the oJd Way of Siibfi- 
 dics, a real Efiate of a Thoufand Pounds a Tear, was 
 not valued at more than Twenty Pounds in the Roll ; 
 they were defirous to rcftore this old cafy Method 
 of Taxation, " and refolved for the prefent Sup- 
 *, ply, to grant the King four Subfidies of 4 s. a 
 *' Pound upon Land, and is. S d. upon Goods 
 *' according to the ancient Form?* Whoever pleafes 
 to conftjlt the Houfe of Commons Journal of June 
 22, and 23, 1663, wilJ find this exprefsly afferted. 
 Thus warranted by no lefs an Authority than the 
 Commons of England, and after having proved be- 
 fore, that an ancient Subfidy produced but 70,000/. 
 and one of the Clergy never yielded at the higheft 
 above 20,000 /. fo that four of both, amount but 
 to 360,000/. I make bold to demand of the By- 
 blander a fmall Abatement of 840,000/. in this Ar- 
 ticle. 
 
 "I'was in this Seffion, that (as appears from the 
 Journals of May 22, and July 20,) Sir John Win- 
 ter agreed to accept of 30,000 /. for his Leafe of 
 the Forced of Dean. 'Twas in this likewife that the 
 60,000/. v/as granted for Relief of the Indigent 
 Cavalier Officers % which I omitted to take Notice 
 of fooner, though the By-Stander hath put it among 
 the Difburfcments of 1662; with a Remark that 
 the Oppojition of the Lords and Commons in 1642, is 
 in this A51 called a barbarous Rebellion, though the 
 Convention jujiified that jirft Oppojition. *Tis incum- 
 bent on him 10 point out the Place, where fuch a 
 Juftification may be found, or elfe it will be deem- 
 ed, like his other Remarks and Calculations, to 
 be withour Foundation. For my Par" I have read 
 over the Journal of that Convention, and can find 
 no fuch Thing in it •, for though they feem on all 
 Occafions to wave ufing the fiiocking Word Rebel- 
 lion ; though they cenlured Lenthall for faying that 
 %)a ' ' . : thofe 
 
( 12! ) 
 
 thofe who firft took tip A'ms againft the late King^ were 
 as guilty at thofe who cut off his Head j and there- 
 X fore thought (as mod People naturally do) that the 
 Guilt of the one was not fo enormous as that of the 
 other: Yet this is far from juftifying, or faying 
 there was no Guilt at all in the firft Oppofition. 
 On the contrary j I find them on June 7, 1660, 
 having their own Condudl in View, refolving by a 
 folcmrt Ad, " ^at this Houfe in the Name of them- 
 ** felveSj and of all Commons of England^ do lay 
 '* hold of his Majefty's free and general Pardon^ 
 •^ tendered in his Declaration given under his Sign 
 " Manual^ and Privy-Signet at his Court of Breda^ 
 " April -r4» with Refervation to except fuch, as 
 " fhaii be be excepted by this prefent Parliament in 
 " the A6t of Oblivion. I forgot likewife the Jaft 
 Year to mention 2800/. granted by a Voi«e of thc» 
 Commons^ on May 19, 1662, to Sarah Gardiners\ 
 which I muft therefore bring to the Accompt foi 
 the Year 1663, in which probably it was paid. 
 
 The By-Stander (pag. ^i.) ftates the Revenue 
 
 and Grants of 1663 thus, viz. 
 
 . ■;.'..;,./ -,/^^.., : 
 
 Cuftoms and Excife 625,952 
 
 Small Branches, Poft-Ofilcc and Wine- ) , ^ 
 
 Licences ,..ir . -^ *.. j -^z' 
 Hearth-Tax -• • -^ ■ . j >. 100,000 
 Subfidy Ad (alias the By-Stander'si ^^^ 
 
 Lami-Tax ^ , - . < , fi, 200,000 
 
 Djdu6t thence for the la(1- Article - 
 Add thereto for Tarfgier Garrifon 
 Charges there thisY 
 
 2,062,952 
 
 and Fo^-ts 
 
 ./ * i . S i« I . ^ 
 
 840,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 ear toward the Mole i ^^ ,^^^ 
 
 J- 00,000 
 
 
 f 
 
 1 i 
 
 
 
( 122 ) 
 
 For 7040 Seamen for Summer and 1 
 
 Winter's Guards 3 
 
 Ordinary of the Navy 
 Ordnance for Land and Sea-Service 
 The King's Houlhold, Csff. Charges on ) 
 
 Revenue J 
 
 The Duke of 2^ork*s ^ . - 
 
 The Queen Confort's 
 The Queen Mother's, befides her Jointure 
 To indigent Cavalier Officers A 
 
 To Sarah Gar diners 
 To Sir John WinUr for Leafe of Bean 1 
 
 Foreft ^ \ f 
 
 Chargts in 7r^i^«i > •• 
 
 Guards and Garrifons in England and 1 
 
 the Plantations J 
 
 366,080 
 
 130,000 
 72,000 
 
 540,302 
 
 70,000 
 60,000 
 30,000 
 60,000 
 2800 
 
 30,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 2,661,182 
 
 It muft be obferved that the War was not only 
 carrying on in Portugal^ but we had likewife a Fleet 
 this Year and the followir'^, in the Mediterranean^ 
 under Sir John Lawfon^ to cruize and attack the 
 Algerinas •, that 200 Horfe and 200 Foot, all old 
 Soldiers, were fent over to reinforce the Garrifon of 
 Tangier y which was able before to carry on the War 
 with Gi^landy and oblige him to raifc the Siege of 
 that Place ; that feveral Redoubts were made, a 
 Fort finifhed before Peterborough Town, (which had 
 been built by the Earl of that Name, who firft 
 took Poflefiion of the Place on Jan. 30, 166 1-2,) 
 and feycral others carrying on for the greater Secu- 
 rity of the Place; that the Key was alfo finiflied, 
 and the Mol^ begun after vaft Difficulties, Expencc 
 and Trouble in hewing Paflages, and blowing up 
 Rocks in the Sands, in order to lay the Foundation ; 
 9nd that Work, though carried on with continual 
 
 Appli- 
 
( ^23 ) 
 
 Application, could not in lefs than three Years 
 more be brought to Perfedlion ; and that as the 
 Garrifon was almoit all the Time it continued in 
 our Hands very (Irong, and perpetually at War 
 with Gayland till his Death, and with the Moors af- 
 terwards, it could not cofl in Pay, Stores and 
 Munitions, lefs than 100,000/. a Year*, at which 
 Rate I have computed it, and put for the Mole and 
 Forts 60,000/. which laft the By-Stander himfclf 
 allows, and by the Addition of 40,000/. Tran- 
 fport Service, makes up the 160,000/. which I 
 charge. Upon the whole, if the Miftake of 
 ^40,000/. be dedu6led both out of the Charge 
 and Difcharge, the firft will be reduced to 1,222, 
 952/. and the latter to 1,821,182/. and let it 
 be computed either in this Way, or as f^ated 
 above, the Revenue was not able to difcharge 
 the Public Services of this Year, by the Sum of 
 598,230/. This with the Deficiency of 1,239,192 /. 
 1 8 J. 9^. for 1 66 1, and of 345,430/. for 1662; 
 makes the Deficiencies of thofe Three Years amount 
 to two Millions^ one Hundred eighty-two 'Tboufand^ 
 eight Hundred^ fiftyrtwo Pounds^ Eight Shillings and 
 Ninepence : Befides the vaft Ix)ads of old Dv-bts in 
 Rump-Times, charged on the Revenue by the Con- 
 vention Parliament, the laft Day of their fitting, as 
 mentioned before; befides likewife feveral other 
 Articles of Expence, which though i* took Notice 
 of, I have not oflTered to compute; and others 
 which I have not fo much as mentioned, particu- 
 larly the extraordinary Expence of the Queen of 
 Bohemia*^ coming over here in 1660 with her 
 Children, and their Refidence here 'till her Dpath i 
 the conftant Charge of the Mint, which lay wholly 
 .upon the Crown all the Reign of King Gi>«r/(?j ; but 
 is fince the Revolution borne by the Nation at the 
 Expence of 15,000/. a Year, and others that mighi; 
 , be reckoned, were there any Occafion^ 
 
 R 2 ■ :•, '■'• '^ I 
 
 
 • '( 
 
( 124 ) 
 
 I cannot conceive why this Parliament fhould be 
 called a Tory Pgrliament^ unkfs on Account of its 
 AfFc'dlion to the Church of England^ the Conftitu- 
 tion whereof it rcftored % nor why it fhould be ac*- 
 cufed of a Forward ncfs to gorge the King, when ai^ 
 ter looking over all the Journals of their Proceed- 
 ings, I can't find the lead Colour or Pretence for 
 fuch a Charge \ which could be fuggefted at firft by 
 nothing but a Spirit of Calumny, though it hath 
 pafTcd uncontrouled by the Confidence with which 
 the Falihood was propagated -, and through the La- 
 zinefs of the World, in not examining into th^ 
 Truth of the Matter. The By-Siander hath thought 
 fit to adopt it for his own : let him produce then« if 
 he can, his Grounds for what I can't help calling 
 an impudent Calumny. The Parliament in queftion, 
 feem p'ainly to me, to have all the Jealoufies 
 which thofe of former Ages, and even of that Age 
 ufcd to entertain of the Power of the Crown, and 
 to drdad nothing fo much as to render it Indepen- 
 dent, and to put it in a Condition of fubfiding, 
 without a continual Application for their Help to 
 fupport its Dignity : And it is impoffible to account 
 for their Condufi: towards it on any other Principle^ 
 The Convention Parliament, which being tnoflly 
 Presbyterian, the By-Stander will not care to accuie 
 in any Refpe(51:, and which certainly was no gorging 
 one, had judged 1,200,000/. a Year necelury to 
 fupport the Charges of the Government and the 
 Public Services of the Nation. They had by ^ 
 Vote engaged themfelvcs to make up that Revenue 
 to the King, who had purchafed it dearly, by gi- 
 ving un fo many Millions of his Dues, that the bare 
 Intereft thereof would have yielded a better Income 
 than they j^ropofed to fettle. They did not however, 
 befides the hereditary Excife in lieu of his Wards 
 and Tenures, and the ufual Cuftom of Tonage and 
 J^oundage, fettle any thing upo^i hiii^ but the Wine 
 
 Licence:^ 
 
Ine 
 
 ( J25 ) 
 
 Licences and Poft-Officc j which, with the Excife^ 
 the By-Siander values at the mod at ^^02,952 /. a 
 Year \ and all thefe with the Cuftoms at 652,952 I, 
 a Year \ and with the fmall Branches of his Ma- 
 jeily's own Revenue, they would amount in all to 
 782,952/, a Year. This was all that they gave or 
 computed for that conftant Revenue ; fo that there 
 was a Deficiency of 417,048 /. which ought to have 
 been made good by the fucceeding Parliament. 
 I'hi* Jaft, tho* a Church of England one, proceeded 
 upon the Plan of the former, as to the ^antum of 
 the Revenue, and to guard effedually again ft the 
 Crown's making any Advantage by fuch a Settle- 
 ment when it came to be made, they examined by 
 A)ecial Committees into every, even the fmalleft. 
 Articles of the Revenue ; and took particular Care 
 in every Article thereof (one only excepted) to make 
 their Efti mates too high, much above what the 
 King was able to make or farm them at afterwards, 
 tho* they were fet (according to the Rcfolution of 
 the Commons Mtrf 12, 1663.) to the higheft Did- 
 der. This was done in order to Icflcn the Defici- 
 ency 5 which by this Artifice was reduced from the 
 abovementioned Sum to 300,000/. that is 1 17,648/. 
 lower than it was in reality. 
 
 V It was neceflfary to fupply this Deficiency ; they 
 fit about it with the worft Grace in Nature ; with a 
 Slownei's that is really amazing, and that hath in it 
 iuch an Air of UnwilHngnefs, as might naturally 
 enough tempt the King to be jealous of their De- 
 figns. The Year 1 66 1 paffcd without any Thing 
 done towards it on their Part ; and they had fate 
 two Months of the next, without being a Jot more 
 advanced i at lad they gave the Hearth Tax, which 
 brought in 50,000 /. that Year, and 100,000 /. 
 the Year following. The By-Staiider fays, p. 85. 
 
 Regulation in 1664, it broug 
 o /. a Year : But even 
 
 from ^hat Time ;6o, 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 I 
 
 fup- 
 
 poling 
 
( i?6 ) 
 
 pofing that it did (o, there w:^s (li|l a Deficiency 
 of 257,048 /. which remained for many Years af» 
 terwards, even till 1670, before any additional Aid 
 was granted to fupply this DefetSt of the Revenue, 
 fiad the Funds been granted at firft to anfwer the 
 flevcnue as propofed and voted, it would not have 
 been fufHcicnt to defray the public Charges i But 
 deficient to fo prodigious a Degree, as I have Ihewn 
 it was for the nrft 3 or 4 Years at ter the Refloration, 
 and fo confiderably as it was even after the Year 
 1 664 i it was no Wonder if King Charles was forced 
 to fell th.. Crown-Lands and the Fee-Farm Rents, 
 to enable him to fubfift and carry on the Govern- 
 ment; which pofllbly was what the Parliament 
 aimed at, in letting him labour under fuch a 
 Deficiency, in order to reduce the Crown to a 
 State of continual Dependance on their good Will. 
 Thus they drew him into Neceflities which,on their 
 Negle(5t or Refufal of relieving them, forced him 
 to hearken to the Overtures mentioned in Mr. Mon- 
 tague*s Letters to the Duke of Leeds, (which yet I 
 do not find to be performed,) and to feme other 
 Steps which I Ihall have Occafion to mention here- 
 after. The terrible Inconveniences which King 
 Charles fuflfered, by having the Expences of the Civil 
 Government, blended with thofe for the public Ser- 
 vices of the Nation, were fo evident to King Pf^l- 
 liam, a wife Prince, who knew the Affairs of his 
 Uncle's Reign perfectly well, that he defired to have 
 his Civil Lift fettled a-part, and the public Ser- 
 vices provided for by the Nation. The Convention 
 Parliament, which raifed him to the Throne, was 
 entirely devoted to his Intereft, and thought they 
 could not do enough for one whom they confidered 
 as their Deliverer. It behoved them to make the 
 Prefent worth the having, and that the Crown might 
 fit eafy on his Head, they eafily came into the Re- 
 folution of fetding a Civil Lid, free from Annui- 
 
 ties^ 
 
( ^^1 ) 
 
 ties of above 230,000/. to the Goldfmiths i^nd o- 
 thers, that incumbered it in K. Charleses Time, and 
 diftindt likewife from all the public Services which 
 concerned the Nation. The By-Stander may dream 
 as ufual, and for his own Views vaunt, if he pleafes, 
 of the fine Things, which he fancies to flow from 
 this Separation of the Charges of the Civil Lift 
 and thofe of the Public ; but whoever confiders the 
 Complexion and Proceedings of that Convention, 
 will be apt to think, that the Service of the Prince 
 had at lead as great an Hand in it, as any View for 
 the Benefit of the Nation. 
 
 The By-Stander has not thought fit either to car- 
 ry on his Enquiries into the Crown Revenue, or to 
 publifh the Refult of them, further than the End 
 of 1663: He had doubtlefs his Reafons for (lop- 
 ing Short in an Enquiry, which he could not eafily 
 wreft to his Purpofe. It is however proper to con- 
 fider what Sum'* of Money were given in the reft 
 of King Charleses Reign. Now the Parliament met 
 in the next Year on March 21, and fate 'till May 17, 
 1664 ; but palTed no Money-Bill, except that above- 
 mentioned for the Regulation of Hearth-Money 
 may be fo ftiled. As foon as they met, they had 
 appointed a fpecial Committee to confider how the 
 Trade of the Nation might be improved, and upon 
 a Report from it on April 21^ they came to a Refo- 
 lution, that the Indignities done his Majefty by the 
 Thitch^ who had invaded his Rights in India^ AfricUy 
 and elfewhere, and the Injuries they had done our 
 Merchants, were the greateft Obftru6lion to our fo- 
 reign Trade. They engaged the Lords likewife on 
 April 26, to join with them in an Addrefs to the 
 King, that he would take fome fpeedy and efFe(5lual 
 Courfe for Redrefs thereof, declaring that they 
 would, in the Profecution thereof, afTift him with 
 their Lives and Fortunes againftall Oppofition what- 
 ever. Sir G. 'Downing was hereupon difpatched to 
 I ' . Holland^ 
 
o; 
 ni 
 
 ( 128 ) 
 
 HoUatidy to demand Satisfa^ion for Depredations oh 
 our Merchants, to the Value of 800,000 /; which 
 was not only refufed, but de Auyier was lent to at- 
 tack Bitrbadoesy and deftroy our Factories on the 
 Coaft of Africa. Thus began a War, for which 
 the King having no Supply granted as yet, was 
 forced in the Beginning of ^t/ff^ to borrow 100,000 A 
 of the Gty of London^ to carry on the neceflliry 
 Preparations. He had at this Time a FJeet under 
 Sir J, Litwfon in the Mediterranean^ and was now 
 forced to fit out two others under Prince Rupert and 
 the Earl of Sandwich \ which being joined, fet fail 
 from Portfmouth in November^ under the Command 
 cf ihc Duke of Tork^ and returned in the Beginning 
 of the following Month with 130 Dutch Prizes. 
 
 The Parliament met again on November 4, thank* 
 «d the City for their Loan to the King, and on Feb» 
 3, 1664:, pafll-d a Land-Tax Bill for 2,477,500 /. 
 to be levied in 3 Years, by 1 2 quarterly Payments, 
 to defray the Charges of tne War j but on a Peti- 
 tion of fomc Merchants and others for the Payment 
 of old Debts contra6lcd before 1660, to the Amount 
 of 143,422 /. 8 J. 3 d, they pafTed alfo on Jan. 28, 
 a Vote for the Payment thereof. The Seflion end- 
 ed in the Beginning of Marcb^ and on the 23d ot 
 that Month, the Duke of Tork left Londony in or- ' 
 der to take upon him the Command of the Fleet, 
 which was the fineft that ever England fitted out 
 (ince it was a Nation. It confided of an hundred 
 Men of War ; and coming, on June 3, to an En- 
 gagement with the Dutch Fleet, which was ftill more 
 numerous, gained a glorious Vidlory ; 30 of the 
 Enemy's Ships being taken, funk, or dcftroyed with 
 the Lofs of 8000 of their Seamen ; and had the 
 D'ike of Tork*s Orders been followed, very few of 
 their Number would have clcaped. Our Fleet af- 
 terwards infultcd the Coaft of Holland^ waiting for 
 the Return of their Eafi-India and other Fleets, of 
 2 which 
 
f "9 ) 
 
 which they took 8 Men of War, and about 30 
 Merchant- men •, 'till a Storm difpcrfing them in 
 September^ our Ships returned into Harbour. 
 
 Bcfidcs this naval Armament, the King was at a 
 very great Expence in Subfidics to the Bifhop of 
 Munfter \ who invading the Dutch by Land, put 
 them to great Diftrefs, 'till France and Denmark de- 
 claring in favour of Holland^ he was forced to fub- 
 mit to a Peace. The Parliament meeting in OSo- 
 her 1665, at Oxford^ granted 1,250,000/. more 
 for the Charge of the War, which enabled the 
 King to fit out a new Fleet early in the Spring. 
 Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle took upon 
 them the Command of it in April ; but the former 
 upon falfe Intelligence, parting with a Squadron to 
 meet and intercept the French Fleet, which was ex- 
 pelled to join the Hollanders ^ the latter was in the Be- 
 ginning of June attacked by the Dutch Fleet, above 
 double his Number: Yet, notwithftanding this Difad- 
 vantage, he fought them bravely for 3 Days together, 
 and Prince Rupert coming up the fourth, the Dutch 
 were forced to fly to their own Coafts. As the 
 Duke of Albemarle's Squadron had fufFered much in 
 this Engagement, the King, as foon as the Ships 
 came into Port, went himfclf to view their Condi- 
 tion, and take care for their fpeedy Reparation. Such 
 Diligence was ufed in this Refped, that the two 
 Admirals put to Sea again on July 19, and in a 
 few Days gained another Vidory over the Dutch ^ 
 deftroying 20 of their Men of War, with 4 of 
 their Admirals and 4000 Officers and Soldiers, and 
 driving the reft into their Harbours. This was fol- 
 lowed with the Attempt upon Ulye, in which two 
 Men of War, and 150 of their Merchant-men, 
 were deftroyed. The Dutch put to Sea again in 
 September^ but being prevented by Prince Rupert 
 from executing their Defign of joining the French 
 Squadron, were glad to retreat into their Ports. 
 
 S The 
 
 i 
 
 III 
 
 'P 
 
 ! 
 
 , 
 
W i 
 
 I 
 
 ■'? it 
 
 lii 
 
 I 
 
 ft 
 
 III 
 
 ll:i> 
 
 Ml 
 
 !:ii 
 '& 
 
 ( 130 ) 
 
 The Parliament meeting this Year (1666) in .S^- 
 tember^ both Houfes joined in an Addrefs of Thanks 
 to his Majcfty, for his great Care in the Manage- 
 ment of the War, with Aflurances that they would 
 •give him SuppHes proportionable to his prefent Oc- 
 cafions. The Commons examined nicely into all 
 Accompts, and appointed a fpecial Committee to 
 infpeft the Books of the Ordnance, the Stores, and 
 the Navy j and at laft refolved to give the King 
 500,000/. by a Poll, and 1,256,347/. 13J. 10 d, 
 by monthly Affeffments. Poll-Bills (iis Dr, Davenant 
 obfervcs) feldom come up to their Efti mates ; but 
 how this anfwered in particular, I have not been a- 
 blc to iind : Both thefe Sums however, making to- 
 gether 1,756,347/. 1 3 J. 10 d. dre what the By* 
 Slander (p. 85.) calls 1,800,000 /. which he charges 
 the King with pocketing \ and then ascribes to it 
 the Difafter of Chatham. 
 
 As to the Money-Bills they are not printed ; but 
 by what I can from the Journals of the Commons on 
 Sept. 26, 0<S?, I, II, 12. obferve of the Defign of 
 them, they feem rather intended to defray paft 
 Charges, than provide for future ones ; becaufe the 
 ^antum of the Supply was refolved on the laft of 
 thofe Days, after a ftrid Examination int. thofe 
 paft Charges ; and the firft Money-Bill for the War 
 of 2,477,500 /. being not to be raifed under 3 Years, 
 there was ftill a Million of it that was not as yet either 
 due or colieded; and whoever confidtrs that the 
 War had been carrying on againft the Butch alone 
 in 1664 and 1665, and againft the united Powers 
 of France^ Holland^ and Denmark in 1666, and 
 what extraordinary naval Armaments the King was 
 forced to make in thofe Years, what bloody En- 
 gagements there had been at Sea, what an infinite 
 Quantity of Stores, (^c. muft be fpent in thofe En- 
 gagements, and in repairing of the Damages fuf- 
 rained therein, befides theSubfidies which the King 
 
 had 
 
cc 
 
 «!( 
 
 (C 
 
 C( 
 
 cc 
 
 ur 
 
 ( '3' ) 
 
 had furnilhed to the Bifhop of Munfter^ will hardly 
 think that the 3 Supplies of 2,477,500/. 1,250,00b/. 
 and 11756,347/. 13J: lod, making together 
 5,483,847/. 1 3 J. 10^. were more than fufficient 
 for thofe Expences, fince the bare Pay of 40,000 
 Seamen, allowed ordinarily for Wars againft weaker 
 and lefs aftive maritime Powers, does, in 3 Years 
 Time, amount to above 800,000 /. more ihan that 
 Sum. Whatever the Expences were, when the Par- 
 liament met on O£ioher 10, 1667, the King ordered 
 ** Accompts of all the Money they had given to be 
 " laid before them, and recommended to them to 
 examine them as they pleafcd, and with all the 
 Stridtnefs imaginable ; affuring thom he would be 
 fo far from fcrcening any, that he would leave c- 
 very onf to lland or fall according to his own In- 
 nocency c»r Guilt ; and he fhould be as ready to 
 redrefs, as they to reprefent, any Grievance that 
 they difcovered**. •!' 
 
 "^ The Commons, upon this Invitation from the 
 King, not only paffed an Atft, appointing Commif- 
 fioners to examine into the Accompts of all Monies 
 that had been given for 40/5 Years paft, but ex- 
 amined themfelves with all pofTible Striftnefs into 
 every Years Conduft of the War, and into every 
 Step that had proved unlucky in t\^ Courfe there- 
 of, particularly the not obferving the Duke Q^Tork*s 
 Orders in his Purfuit of the Dutch Fleet in 1664 ^ 
 the Separation of the Duke of Albemarle^ and Prince 
 Rupert's Squadrons in 1666; and the Affair of 
 Chatham in 1667. With regard to this laft, it ap- 
 pears upon the Journal of O^. 31, 1667, that 
 the King was fo far from pocketing any Money, 
 •' that he had actually at the Time of that Affair 
 " 18,000 Seamen aboard hh Fleet, w'^^ch would 
 •' have been able to have fought tht Dutch, if it had 
 •' been united 5 but for want of good Intelligence 
 ^* of the Motioiis and Defigns of the Enemy, and 
 
 S 2 « ift 
 
 I 
 
 i; 
 
 i 
 
1.. f 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 f 132 ) 
 
 " in Confidence of the Peace which the Englljb u 
 *' Plenipotentiaries were treating at ^r^^tf, with an 
 ^' full Aflurance of its being foon concluded, fince d 
 " the States were alarmed at tht French King's claim- h 
 ing Brabant and invading the Low Countries, >J 
 the Ships had beeii allowed to convoy Mcrchant-i q~ 
 rncn for the Security of Trade i and by this ! 
 *' Means being difperfed, there was not a fufficient V 
 *V Fleet at the Mouth of the Thames to fight the .• 
 •' Dutch Fleet* when it firft entered the River'' But i 
 ^* i when about three Weeks after they had quilted 
 itj they entered it a fecond Time, there was a 
 Squadron under the Command of Sir Edw. Spraggt 
 ready to oppofe them, which deftroyed 2 or 3 of 
 their Men of War^ and engaged them for 3 Days^ - 
 'till Sir Jofepb Jordan coming up on the fourth with 
 20 frefh Ships, the Dutch made all the Sail t/ / 
 could out of the River, being purfued by our Fleet 
 in their Retreat ; (as is related in the Gazettes^ N**; 
 1 76 and 177.) We had likewife, at the very Time 
 the Hutch made their Attempt on Chatham^ another 
 Squadron of Men of War in the fVeft-Indies^ under 
 the Command of Sir John Harman^ who deftroyed 
 a French Fleet of 12 Men of War, and as many 
 other Veffels of lefs Force, in the Road of Marti- 
 nicfi. All the gazettes too of that Time, are full 
 of Advertifements for the regular Payments of the 
 lioans and Aflignments on the two Ads, which 
 wcrr given to raife the very 1,800,000/. which the 
 By-Stander^ with an unparallelled Aflurance, pre- 
 tetids to have been pocketed, ■ ^^ 
 
 •n The Houfe of Commons well knew the ^(hood 
 of this Charge -, they had by fpecial Committeest, 
 and afterwards in the Houfe itfelf, examined into 
 all the Condud of the War, and all the Receipts 
 and Iflucs, as well of the Treafury of the Niivy, 
 as of the Exechequer\ they had expelled Mr, Brun&- 
 ker fox his caufing the Fleet to Qacken Sail contrary 
 JO the Duke of iV/t*s Orders in 1664 j they had 
 I . ^ , im- 
 
4 I 
 
 n 
 
 h 
 
 H 
 
 d 
 
 »i» 
 
 »> 
 
 ( 133 ) 
 
 impeached CommifTioner Pett^ for the Neglc6l of 
 making the Fortifications, which the King himTelf 
 had marked out at Sheemefs, the February before 
 the Affair of Chatham^ and ordered to be made 
 forthwith ; (which had it been done would have 
 prevented that Difafter,) for his fuffering the 1000 
 Men employed in the Dock, ro run away at the 
 Approach of the Dutch, who could have done no- 
 thing, if thofe Men had been on the Spot, when 
 the Duke of Memarle came down j and for other 
 Parts of his Condu<^. They had inquired into all 
 the Milmanagements of the Navy and Exchequer^ 
 and Officers thereof ; buC feem to have found none^ 
 except in the Commiflioners of the Navy, difcharg- 
 ing Seamen when Ships come in by Tickets without 
 Pay, and giving undue Preference in the Payment 
 of thofe Tickets to Favourites, whereby the Sea- 
 men were forced to fell them at Difcount to their 
 Officers and Agents*, a Grievance, which the King 
 himfelf had eight Months before (fee Gazette N*. 
 168) taken particular Care to remedy. They had 
 by a fpecial Committee taken an Account of the 
 Produce of the Poll- Bill, and of the AfUgnments 
 made and Money regiflred on the Monthly AffeflP- 
 ments for raifmg the very 1,800,000/. and of the 
 particular Application thereof towards the War, 
 according to the Intent of Parliament, between 
 Michaelmas 1666, and Michaelmas 1667: And yet 
 after all thefe Inquiries, and almoft the very Moment 
 after they had finifhed the laft, being thereby con- 
 vinced of the right Application of their Money, 
 and the Defedlivenefs thereof to an fwer the Expences 
 of the War, they voted 300,000 /. for a further 
 Supply. This appears from the whole Tenor of 
 the Journals of this SefTion, particularly of 0£f, 21 j 
 26, 31 s Dec. 16, Feb, 14, 21, and March 6, 
 1667; on which laft Day they refolved on the Sup* 
 pjy, which was to be raifed by an Impoft on Wines^ 
 _t — .. Brandies, 
 
 ■I' 
 
 -'X 
 
 '■i 
 
-»«-»*.*J'' "--♦-■'i ^/^ *.»^jr^-. 
 
 ('34) 
 
 I 
 
 
 Brandies and Spirits fold by Retail for two Years, 
 from June i^y 1668, to June 2^^ 1670J the Ac- 
 compts of all Money levied or fccured thereon, to 
 be laid before the Commiffioners, then firft appoint- 
 ed by A6t of Parliament, to examine Accompts. 
 (See A6ls 20 Car, II. c, i and 3.) 
 
 Thefe Commiflioners found upon Examination 
 the Truth of what the King affured his Parliament, 
 at the opening of the next Seffion, on 0£i, 19. 
 1669; " That all the Money they had ever given 
 *' for the Navy or the War, had been employed 
 *' accordingly, and no Part thereof diverted to any 
 *' other Ufe whatever." They delivered their Re- 
 port ^ ^he Houfe, on 0£l. 26, and three Days af- 
 ter the^ re ordered to draw up a State of the 
 Accompt, of what Money had been received for 
 the Mairiterstice of the War, and what had been 
 difburfed tor the fame, with the Ballancc thereon. 
 This Bal lance was reported by the Commiflioners, 
 on JVtfv. 4, and read in the Houfe, which after a 
 mature Confideration thereof, thought fit to make 
 good the Bal lance; and on Nov, 26, refolvedto 
 grant the King an Aid of 400,000/. to be raifed, 
 (as they determined on Dec. 2.) by an Additional 
 Impofl on Wines and French Linen ; though it 
 fcems afterwards they left out Linen, and only 
 charged Wines and Vinegar, by the Ad of 22 
 Car, II. c. 3. This whole Proceeding is fo clear a 
 Vindication of the King from the Bystander's in- 
 famous Charge of pocketing the Public Money, that 
 the Reader will thence learn, what little Strefs is to 
 be laid on any of his Accounts, and what little Cre- 
 dit he deferves in any Thing he advanceth, 
 :; Of a Piece with other of this Writer's Relations,'is, 
 *what he fays, pag, 87. of almoft Three AHllions being 
 granted the King for the Support of the Triple Alliance \ 
 drawing in a Speech which he fathers upon Lord L«- : 
 ''■ easy toceuntenance theFalfhood, I remember to have 
 
 read • 
 
( »35 ) 
 
 read of a Printer's being fomc three or four Years 
 after this Time, convidkcd ^of publilhing a Libel, 
 entitled, ^e Speech of a noble Peer, &c» which I 
 then took to be the Speech in queftion, and which 
 (if my Memory do not fail me) is alfo printed in 
 the Appendix to Villers Duke of Buckwgbam*& 
 Works i but I had not Time to examine particu- 
 larly the Faft, nor do I recoUeft at prefent in what 
 New's-Papers of the Time I read the PafTage. I 
 mean this for his Lordfhip's Vindication; for I 
 think it impoflible for him to make fuch a Speech, 
 and his Honour muft fufFer, were there any Truth 
 in the By-Slander*s Reprefentation of the Matter. 
 The Triple Alliance was concluded and figned, on 
 Jan, 23, 1667-8 ; it faved Flanders and produced a 
 Peace between France and Spain^ at the latter End 
 of /fpril following. The Parliament was fitting all 
 that Time : The King aflced them no Aid on that 
 Account, nor did they grant him any. The only 
 Money-Bill that palled, was what I have mention- 
 ed above, as defigned to fupply the Deficiency of 
 former Supplies for the War, viz. The Adl for 
 raijing 310,0001. by an Impojition on Wine and Spi- 
 rits fold by Retail for two Years, which had the 
 Royal Aflent the laft Day of the Seflion, M^y 9, 
 1668, (fee Gazette^ N^. 259. If tiie By-Stander 
 has miftaken 300,000 /. for Three Millions, 'tis an 
 Overfight a little too grofs to be eafily excufed ; ef- 
 pecially fince fuch Miftakes feems to grow familiar 
 to him. I have already taken Notice of one like 
 this, viz. in the Article of the Expence of the 
 Navy, where inftead of 500,000/. he only put 
 down 50,000/. 
 
 A Year and above four Months pafled before 
 there was another Seflion of Parliment ; but it 
 meeting on 0^. 19, 1669, and the Commiflioners of 
 Accompts having made their Report of the Money 
 given, received and difburfed for the War, and the 
 : — i-- "Ballance 
 
 R 
 
 ^1,: 
 
r i3« ) 
 
 Ballaiice renlaining thereon, the Commons to make 
 it up, voted (as has been obierved before) a Supply 
 of 400,000/. to be raifed by a further Impoft on 
 Wines for a Term of Years, one Year of which 
 was to reimburfe the Duke of Tork the Lofs, he 
 would fuftain by this and the late A(5l in his Reve- 
 nue of Wine-Licences. The Seflion ended on Jpril 
 1 1, and this was the only Money-Bill pafled in it ; 
 for it fcems the Aft of 22 Car, II. c. 6. for advan- 
 cing the Sale of Fee-Farm Rents was not confidered 
 as futh, lince it took its Rife in the Houfe of 
 Lords, and was fent by them on April 4, to the 
 Commons, who agreeing thereto, it had the Royal 
 Aflent, with the other on April 1 1, 1670. 
 
 The By-Stander, pag. 88. pretends to take from 
 Mr. Coke his Accompt of the Value arifing from 
 the Sale of thefe Fee-Farm Rents^ which he ftilcs . 
 the Sale of Crown-Lands^ though there is not in the 
 Aft a Syllable alx)ut Landsy unlefs in an Exception 
 in the 2d Claufe, whereby the King is reftrained 
 from felling any . ^iuRenls and Copyhold-Rents 
 ftanding in Charge, as Parcel of or belonging to any 
 Manor. The fame Claufe excepts all Tenths, Firft- 
 Fruits and Rents relerved Nomine Decim^, as the - 
 next does all Rents referved upon Leafe«5, the Re- 
 verfion whereof was in the King, and incident to 
 fuch Reverfion. It provides like wife that fuch of 
 thefe Rents as ufed to be paid to Gram mar-Schools, 
 Hofpitals, or the like Ufes, fliould ftill continue to 
 be paid as ufual. The Preamble fhews it was de- 
 figned chiefly, if not folely, for the Sale of the 
 Fee-Farm Rents in the Dutchies of LajKaJler and , 
 Cornwall \ and to give the Purchaiers lome fpecial , 
 Privileges, which they could not have without Aft ■ 
 of Parliament, that his Majefty might be the better 
 enabled to pay fome Debts which he owed at In- 
 tercfl", and had preiTing Reafons to difcharge. But 
 fuppofing it extended to all Fee- Farm Rents; if we 
 
 confidcr 
 
( 
 
 n?) 
 
 confider how many of thblc Rents had been afienat- 
 cd by Grants to the Earl of Sandwich and othtfs i 
 what Penfions had been granted on them •, and whit 
 were left unfold, (as others, bc/ides all thofe or 
 Queen Catherine's Jointure were) the King can't 
 well be thought to niife a fourth Part of what thi 
 By-Stander computes, or at moft above 400,000 /. 
 by this Sale, or that even this Sum was got inother- 
 wJ''j than in the Courfe of feveral Years; for the 
 Commiflion i filled on this Occafion lafted .all \\\i 
 Reign, and the Commiffioners were after the Re- 
 volution, called upon by the Houfc of Commoii^ 
 to give an Account of what R^nts they had fold, 
 and what ftill remained in the Hands of the Crown ; 
 which they did, though their Report is not entered 
 upon die Journal. 
 
 The Sale of the Crown Lands was not (as th^ 
 By-Stander fays, pag. 88, 89.) theA^ and Deed of d 
 Tory Parliament ; the Ad in queftion gave no Au- 
 thority for the Sale of any Lands, and even ex- 
 cepted all Quit and Copyhold Rents belonging to 
 Manors, and all Rents refervediiponEllatesinRever- 
 fion to the Crown. This (hews the Falftiood of 
 that Writer's Account of this Matter : And if the 
 Blame of the Sale of the Fee-Farm Rents is to b^ 
 laid upon any Body, it ought to be charged to thd 
 Account of thefe great Patriots and pretended Afler- 
 tors of Liberty, who after plundering the Natioii 
 for 20 Years together, between 1640 and 1660, 
 and draining it in that Time of above 95 Millions ; 
 left the State at the Reftoration involved in Debts ; 
 which being confirmed by the Convention Parlia- 
 ment, and left (without any Provifion to pay them) 
 as a Burthen upon the Crown, put King Charles 
 under thofe unhappy Neceflities, which forced him 
 to part with his own private Patrimony, and what 
 was left of the ancient Inheritance of the Crown in 
 it*s landed Property. Would to God this were 
 
 nuui'; ' T, the 
 
(138) 
 
 the only ill Confequcnce that we ftill fiifFer from 
 the Meafures of the pretended Patriots ofthofeDays! 
 The Nation would then be in a much richer and 
 happier Condition than it feels itfcif at prefent. 
 
 As for his Charges, fag. 87, 88. of a conftant 
 ordinary Penfion, and of Bribes from France \ "" 
 " particularly 700,000/. for the 2dD«/fi» War, and 
 " about as much more for refufing to pafs the Bill 
 ** of Exclufion -," he fecms to have borrowed them 
 from the fcandalous and feditious Libels, which were 
 publifKed at the latter End of Kmg Charles^ Reign, 
 for the better carrying on the Defigns then formed 
 for fubvertine our Conftitution, and throwing the 
 Nation into the fame State of Anarchy and Confu- 
 Hon, it had been fo lately delivered from by the 
 King's happy Reftoration. He will be at a Lofs to 
 produce any better Authority for his Reprefentation 
 thereof. The Letters of Marefchal B*EJirades from 
 1662 to 1668, flicw plainly enough, that the 
 "Dutch were all that Time Pensioners of France j but 
 where are the Letters and Memoirs, that fay any 
 Thing like it of King Charles, till the Time of the 
 fccond Butch War; when in Conitquence of an Al- 
 liance with France, he was to afllft that Crown with 
 Sea and Land- Forces, and to receive from it fuch 
 Subfidies towards thoie Charge?, as are ufually fti- 
 pulated between one Prince and other. The Duke 
 of Leedd's Letters inform us of this Fad, and that 
 Lezvis XIV. paid the firil Year, not 700,000 /» (as 
 the By-Standcr fl\ys) but Three Millions of Livres, 
 or 240,000 /. towards the Expence of the Fleet, 
 which the Kirg was to put to Sea,' and a Third 
 Part of that Sum lor feme Yt-ars afurwarcs. This 
 was indted a very diiTcrcnt kind of Bargain, from 
 what ve have been ufcd to make of late Years; 
 hr-virg always in the Wars fincc the Revolution, 
 (tven in lucli.w-ficre we were not Principals) been 
 foiced tj p^y Subfides, infaad of receiving them 
 
 from 
 
( '39 ) 
 
 from our Allies. It was for a valuable Confidera- 
 tion, and in Virtue of a Treaty, fuch as the fame 
 French Monarch had made with the Crown of Swe- 
 den^ the Dukes of Bavaria and Hanover^ and other 
 Princes ; and luch as we have fince made with the 
 Kings of Denmark^ Sardinia^ dzc. without any Re- 
 proach to thofe Princes. Nor was it indeed my to 
 the King in the Opinion of all reafonable Perfons j 
 but there were Men in thofe Days who had the By- 
 Siander*s Talents for mifreprcfenting Matters, and, 
 like him, were not alhamrd of exercifmg them 
 upon this Subjefl. King Charles who had no Rca- 
 fon to conceal his own Condud:, or obftrud a Par- 
 liament's Enquiry into that of his Miniders •, and 
 who was ever ready to give his People all the Saiis- 
 fadion on thofe Heads that they could defire in 
 Reafon, did not flay to be addrclTjd for laying his 
 Treaties with France, before the two Houfes ; but 
 taking Notice of the Mifreprelentations made there- 
 of, told them in his Speech at their Meeting, on 
 Jan. 7, 1673. " That he had ordered thofe 
 " Treaties, and all the Articles thereof without the 
 " leaft Referve, to be (hewn to a fmill Committee 
 " of both Houfes, who might report the true 
 " Scope of them to each Houfe, aflliring them 
 " further, that there was no other Treaty with 
 " France, either before or fince, not alrcaJy print- 
 " ed, which fhould not be mide known." 
 
 Thefe Trc/iles gave no Offence, and whatever 
 Subfidies wer^ paid in Confequence thereof during 
 the War, the King did not think that fuch a Per- 
 formance of Stipulations put him under any new 
 Obligation -, nor did it hinder him from exerting 
 himfelf with the Vigour already mentioned for the 
 faving of Flanders, and procuring the Dutch a bet- 
 ter Peace than they infilled on themfelves at Nime* 
 ghen. And that there was not a Farthing ever paid 
 afterwards, we have the exprefs Teflimony of the 
 
 T 2 Duke 
 
( 140 ) 
 
 Duke of Leedsy in his Letters^ p. 103 ; fo chat what 
 the By-Stander Tuggefts of the French Court's giving 
 700,000 /. to the King, for refufing to pafs the Bill 
 of ExclLifion, is an utter Fallhood. That Bill was 
 io evidently for the Intereft of France^ that tLe 
 French Court would never be at any Expence to op- 
 pofc it -, they were more inclined to difpofe of their 
 Money among the great Sticklers for the Bill, who 
 took their Meafurcs in concert with M. Bacillon the 
 French Embaflador, as we learn from the faid Let- 
 ters, There is in the Memoirs of the Duke of Tork^ 
 (who ufed every Night to put down in writing the 
 nioft confiderable raflages of the Day pafled,) a 
 particular Hiftory of tliat Bill, in which all the 
 Intrigues of the Court, and Turns of Affairs in thofe 
 Times, are explained in the cleareil and moft con- 
 vincing Manner •, and in which the King's Diftrefles 
 at that Time are fully reprefented. Thefe Di- 
 ftrefles filled his Royal Highnefs with terrible Ap- 
 prehenfions about the King's Conftancy in that Af- 
 fair : And it behoved him to get them removed at 
 any Rate if poffible 5 but it is plain from his Me- 
 moirs, that no Help came from France on that Ac- 
 count, and that the Duchefs of Port/mouth, and 
 the French Agents and Penfioners here, did all that 
 they could to promote that Bill. The King beft 
 explains his own Motives for rejeding it, in the 
 Declaration which on yf/>r'7 8, 1681, he publilhed 
 upon the Difiblution of the two laft Parliaments, 
 that would have forced it upon him, without heark- 
 ening to the Meafures he propofed for the Security 
 of our Religion and Liberties, by providing for the 
 Prefentation to Church Promotions in the Gift of 
 the Crown, and the making of Juftices of Peace 
 in fuch a manner, that none hut pious and learned, 
 or fmcere Proteftants fliould be admitted to either of 
 thofe Trulls ; and by ena(5ling that no Privy Coun- 
 feller or Judge^ no Lord or Deputy Lieutenant^ or Of- 
 
 ficer 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
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 <( 
 
1 
 
 e 
 a 
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 e 
 
 ;s 
 [- 
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 f. 
 It 
 
 d 
 it 
 
 
 cc 
 
 C( 
 
 cc 
 
 ( HI ) 
 
 Jicer of the Navy^ Ihould be put in or difplaced, but 
 by Authority of Parliament. Had thi$ Offer of 
 putting the principal Branches, both of the civil 
 and military Authority into the Hands of the Re- 
 prefentativiis of the Nation, been accepted, there 
 would have been no room left for the People to 
 dread the Power of the Crown, or have any Ap- 
 prehenfions of their Liberties ; and yet the King 
 was ready to come into any other real'onable Expe- 
 dient that they would propofe. But nothing would 
 fatisfy the Party which prevailed in thofe two Par- 
 liaments, befides the Bill of Exclufion ; which his 
 Majefty declared *' he could not pafs, as not being 
 confiftent cither with Juftice or the Good of the 
 Kingdom *, as what might occafion another civil 
 War, and make a Standing Army neceflary for 
 *^ the Prefervation of the Government." It was 
 with regard to another Inftance of King Charles's 
 Sagacity, that the Dukt of Leeds fays, in the Intro- 
 dudion to his Letters before quoted, that he had 
 lived to find Kings to be true Prophets as well as 
 Kings, 
 
 To return from this Digrefllon, which the ^- 
 5/<z«^(fr*s Mifreprefentations made neceflary. The 
 Sale of the Fee-Farm Rents was but a fmall and flow 
 Relief to his Majefty ; whofe Difficulties are very 
 clearly reprelented by the I^rd Keeper Bridgman^ in 
 his Speech of Feb, 14, 164^;, to the Parliament. 
 It appears hence, " that the Houfe of Commons 
 had made no Provifion for the Preparations to- 
 wards the War, which yet were to be deemed 
 a neceflary Part thereof, and a great Part of the 
 King's own Revenue, to many hundred thoufands 
 of Pounds, had been employed and fwaliowed 
 up in thofe Charges ; that his Majefty had, in 
 the Confequences of the War, been likewife put 
 to great Expences in repairing the Hulls of Ships, 
 and putting his Navy mto Hich Condition as it 
 
 ** was 
 
 cc 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
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 I, 
 
Il ' 
 
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 i( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 ( 142 ) 
 
 *• was in before the War begun ; that the War it- 
 " felf Iiad much outgone the Supplies that had 
 been given towards it, tho* no Part of the Mo- 
 ney defigned for it had been diverted to any o- 
 ther Ufe, as had been found upon Examination ; 
 •' and as his Majefty had entered into it, not out 
 of any Inclination or Appetite of his own, but 
 purely upon their Advice and the Promifc of their 
 Afliftance, he hoped that they would not leave 
 " him under the Burthen of this Debt, but relieve 
 " him from it, and the ill Confequences which 
 " the Continuance thereof might draw upon all his 
 " Affairs". 
 
 . The Difficulties the King was in, and the ill Con- 
 fequences thereof, were indeed apparent enough. The 
 Crown- Revenue, as firft voted, was not equal to the 
 conftant ordinary Charges of the Government ; 
 Funds had not been given to make it up agrf^able 
 to the Vote, there having been a Deficiency ^ he' 
 firft 3 Years of at lead 400,000 /. a Year, rt.iu e- 
 ven after the Hearth-money was granted and regu- 
 Jated in 1664, of about 260,000/. a Year. The 
 inevitable Effe6ls of the War, and other Calami- 
 ties which Providence had brought on the Nation, 
 had occafioned fo great a Diminution of this Reve- 
 nue, that the Lofs the King fuftained only in 3 
 Branches of it, the Cuftoms, Excife, and Hearth- 
 money, by reafon of the War, the Plague, and 
 the Fire of London^ amounted to about 600,000 /. 
 befides all other Accidents and Difadvantages. 
 
 The Commons, entering upon the Conlideration 
 of thefe Things, proceeded with their ufual Slow- 
 nefs, and in the regular Methods, examining by 
 their Commiffioners of Accompts into the Value of 
 Prizes, and by a fpecial Committee into the 
 Lift of his.Majefty's Debts at Intereft, the Efti- 
 mates of the Charge of the Navy, and the Ac- 
 compts delivered in either by thcTreafurer thereof, 
 mfi or 
 
( H3) 
 
 or by the CommifTioncrs of the Treafury. After 
 confidcring the Reports on thefe Subje6ts, tlity at 
 laft refolvcd on Nov. 1 1, 1670, to lay an additional 
 Excild on Bear for 6 Years, and on Nov. 26, to lay 
 a Duty on Tobacco, Scotch Salt, GlaflTcs, Uc. They 
 rcfolved likcwilc on Account of his Majcfty's Debts, 
 and for a prefcnt Supply to his extraordinary Occa- 
 fions, on Dec. 17, to lay a Tax of one Shilling ia 
 the Pound on Land, two Shillings on two Thirds 
 of the Salaries of Offices, and fifteen Shillings for 
 each hundred Pounds of Banker's Money and Stock, 
 allowing the King to borrow upon it at 7 per Cent. 
 They refolved likewife to lay an Impolt on Law- 
 Proceedings for nine Years. The Amount of fuch 
 a Land-Tax is well enough known at prefent : And 
 I find that a Committee having been appointed to 
 make an Edimate of the Produce of the additional 
 Excife, the Impoft on Tobacco and other Commo- 
 dities, and that on fealed ^ aper or Law Proceed- 
 ings, the Houfe on Dec, 9. agreed to their Report, 
 that they would all together amount to 400,000 /. 
 a Year. This would have efFedually fupplied the 
 Deficiency of the ordinary Revenue for the future, 
 had they all pafTcd, as the firft and laft did : But 
 that on Tobacco and foreign Commodities (which 
 by Col. Birches Report on November 28, of the Efti- 
 mate of a Year's Produce thereof, amounted to a 
 greater Value than the other two put together) was 
 unhappily loft by the Lords making Amendments 
 to it, notwithftanding all that was urged in feveral 
 Conferences in Behalf of the Privileges of the 
 Commons in the Point of Money-Bills, which were 
 admirably defended by Sir Heneage Finch^ whofe 
 Vindication thereof is entered at large in the Jour- 
 nal of jipril 2 2, 1671, the laft Day of the Selfion. 
 The Dutch War, which had forced the King to 
 make great Anticipations of his Revenue, was Icarce 
 ended, when the Jigerines broke the Peace, and 
 
 obliged 
 
 fi^ 
 
( 144 ) 
 obliged his Majefty to fend in 1668, a ftrong Squa- 
 dron under Sir Thomas Allen into the Mediterranean ^ 
 to curb their Infblcnce. He was put every Year to 
 the fame Expence, as well as to that of Convoys 
 for Merchant Ships, which he never fufFcred to wait 
 a Moment on that Account, to the End of 1671, 
 when Sir Edw. Spravge^ having deftroycd 7 or 8 
 of their bed Men oF War under the Caftle of Bu- 
 giay taken others at Sea, blocked up Algiers^ forced 
 them to releafe the Englijh Captives, and fubmit to ^ 
 a new Peace, by which the Money and Goods of 
 Strangers aboard Englijh Ships were to be free. The 
 Dutch had fince the Peace with their State obllrucl- 
 cd the Trade of ihe EngUfo in the Eaji-Indies, and 
 other Quarters of the World ; and in the laft men- 
 tioned Year had difputed the Flag, and given Or- 
 ders, in Breach of the Peace of Breda, to the Com- 
 manders of their Ships,, not to ftrike to ours in the 
 Englijh Channel. They had followed thefe Orders 
 with a very great Augmentation of their Forces both 
 by Sea and Land, which looked like preparing for 
 a War. The King on Dec. 4. fent Sir G. Downing 
 to Holland, to difcover their Defigns, and demand 
 Satisfaflion for the Denial of the Flag, and the Da- 
 mages they had done to our Trade 5 none being gi- 
 ven, his Majefty prepared for the War ; which 
 broke out the next Year, upon the Dutch Smyrna 
 Fleet's refufing on March 13, to ftrike to a Squadron 
 of our Men of War that wt^e cruizing off the Ifle 
 of Wight, and was proclaimed 4 Days after on 
 March 17, 1674.. 
 
 The King was but in an indifferent Condition to 
 begin or fuftain a War. Bcfides what hath been 
 faid already of his Debts, it appears by the Journal 
 of the Commons on April ly, 1689, (when they 
 were enquiring into the Revenue in King Charles*^ 
 Time, in order to fettle King IVilliamh Civil Lift,) 
 that rhere were Debts upon his ordinary Revenue of 
 I the 
 
 1 
 
( HS ) 
 
 the Cuftoms, Excife, Fee-Farm Rents, and Hearth- 
 money, (landing out in the Year 1671, and never 
 paid afterwards, to the Amount of 871,768 /. 12 j. 
 6 4.. *Tis no wonder then that, to make the necef" 
 fary Preparations for a War, he (lopped the Pay- 
 ments of his Exchequer for a Year at firft, fwhich 
 Time he was afterwards obliged to prolong,) with 
 regard to the principal Money of the Goldlmiths, 
 Bankers, and others who had Warrants, Orders, or 
 Securities thereon i for the Intereft thereof, (fee 
 Gazette, N^. 641.) was to be duly paid at the Rate 
 of 6 per Cent, and the Lords of the Treafury were 
 ordered to (late every particular Perfon's Debt in 
 order thereto. 
 
 The By-Standery />. 88, would fain impute this Step 
 to Lord Clifford, tho' all the World knows very 
 well, that Shaft shury was the (irft Mover of it; and 
 when the King objeded the ill EfFed it would have, 
 in deftroying the Credit of his Exchequer, the fa- 
 mous Apologue, which that Lord ufed to remove 
 the Objed:ion, will never be forgotten. Clifford 
 certainly concurred in it, as one of the Miniftry then 
 called the Cabal; but Nobody doubts oi Shaftsbury*^ 
 being the firft Author of the Advice, tho* the By- 
 stander might not care to name him, as having very 
 foon after made a mighty Figure at the Head of the 
 Whig Party, and been the chief Diredtor of all their 
 Meafures. This Writer fays, the Money, the Pay- 
 ment whereof was thus poflponed, amounted ta 
 1,328,526/. 'tis not worth while to examine whe- 
 ther this were the exa6l Sum ; but it would be un- 
 pardonable in me not to obferv.'*, that a Man capa- 
 ble of (tiling this an infamous Robbery of his Ma» 
 jefty*s Creditors, and of aflerting that Thou(ands of 
 Families were ruined by it, muH be loft to allSenfe 
 of Shame as well as Truth, when the Journal be- 
 fore quoted of April 27, 1689, aflTures us, that K. 
 Charles had charged upon his Exchequer a perpetual 
 
 U Intcrc(t 
 
 ! 
 
 
( 146 ) 
 
 Intereft of 79,566/. 14/. ?. d. fot this Mone^i 
 and it was paid acroramgly, *till about a Year be- 
 fore that Piince's Duith. 
 
 It is crrtainly a very unplcafing, however necef- 
 fary, a Talk to be obliged perpetually to take No- 
 tice of die Falihoods of any Writer : Nor could I 
 fo unluckily have fallen upon any one as the By^ 
 Slander^ who fiirnifhes me Matter enough in every 
 Page for this Complunf. His next Page gives an 
 Acco irit of a Report in the Houfe of Commons in 
 the Seflion of 1675, by which it appeared, " that 
 *' the King, befides the Produce of his fettled Rc- 
 *' venue,, had received a Million for the Ufes of the 
 V/ar, more than he had expended in it ; that 
 the Court had exafred yearly a Million and 
 half •, that fince the War, the whole Charge of 
 the Government by Sea and Land amounted not 
 to above 706,000 /. a Year, and the clear In- 
 " come of the Revenue came at leall: to 1,600,000 /. 
 " Sterling, ^c.*^ There cannot eafily be crouded 
 fuch a Number of notorious Falfities into fo narrow 
 a Compafs ; but the By-Slander^ not confidering. 
 that whoever fpreads another's Lies, doth thereby 
 adopt them for his own, fancies that he makes a 
 Efficient Apology for himfelf, in fathering them 
 upon the Sieur Rapin •, a Writer as full of Vifions 
 as himfelf, and who hath fwelled out a tedious Re- 
 lation, barren of material Occurrences, which he 
 calls an Hiftory of England^ with an infinite Number 
 of fine-fpun Speculations a la FrancGife^ not fo much 
 ©n Matters of Fadl, as upon his own Miftakes ; one 
 who had neither the Knowledge, Learning, Judg- 
 ment, Rof Temper necefiary to qualify himfeif for 
 an Hiftorian, but depended purely on his Charafter 
 as a F;r(?;?f;& Refugee, to- re commend his Performance 
 to the foreign World, for whom only Jie wrote,. 
 and upon whom he thouglit himfelf able to im"- 
 pofe 5 little imagining it would ever come to be read 
 
 <( 
 
 CC 
 
 <( 
 
 CC 
 
 (( 
 
 , 
 
( 147) ; 
 
 Englijhmen\ as it hath been, in Virtue of an unac- 
 countable Taftc that we have for Foreigners, or be- 
 caufe it ferves to feme fcandalous Purpofes, like 
 thofe of the By-Stander. Such Writers always chufe 
 their Aut'iorities, not with regard to the Credit 
 they deferve, but as they bed fit their Purpofc. It 
 is very plain to any Man of Senfe, verfed in the 
 Engltjh Hiftory, who hath tried his Patience in go- 
 ing through Rapirfs^ that the Compiler of it never 
 read a Record, a Council Book, a Roll of Parliar 
 ment, a Journal of either Houfe, the Letters of 
 any Negotiation of our Embafladors, or indeed any 
 of the mofc proper and authentick Materials for 
 our Hiftory, except what are found in Rynier\ which 
 he did but half underfland, for want of being ac- 
 quainted with the CuHoms and Antiquities of this 
 Nation. In the Point before us, Rapin refers us for 
 the above Fafls, to a Report made in the Houle of 
 Commons of 1675, and his accurate Tranflator has 
 thought fit to add a wife Comment upon his Re- 
 lation : But t can't help aifuring the Reader, that 
 in all this there is not one Syllable of Truth. I read 
 over this Journal of 1675, making my Extrads 
 and Obfervations as I went along, but obf-i ved no- 
 thing in it of any fuch R ^rt, or of any of the 
 Fadts here faid to be in it, nor indeed any Thing 
 that had the lead Relation thereto. I confulted af- 
 terwards the PafTage in Rapin, Vol. 2. /. 678. utid 
 not being able to conceive how it v/as pofTible for a 
 Man fo gravely to quote a Report of the Hcufe of 
 Commons, to fupport the molt egregious Faiilioods 
 in Nature, without fome Ground or other, I iuf- 
 peded my own Eyes, and therefore read over \\ 
 the Journal again, purely to find out fomethi ^ of 
 this Kind, or that might ferve to lead him into the 
 Miftake : But it was with the fame Succefs as before 5 
 there is not the lead Mention or Hint of any fuch 
 Report of any Committee to enquire into the 
 
 sp( 
 
 U2 
 
 Cbargi 
 
 es 
 
I 
 
 ( 148 ) 
 
 Charges of the War, of any Examination thereof, 
 or of any one of the Fa6ts pretended to be in it, 
 in all the Journal : And I may add likewife, after 
 reading them all, not in any other Journal in all 
 King Charles's Reign. After this, what can the 
 World think of that French Hijlorian^ fo much di- 
 ftinguifhed by the fine Tafte, and recommended by 
 the celebrated Writers of the prefent Age? If nothing 
 can pleafe them but Romances,they might find fome 
 that are lefs tedious and more innocently amufing. 
 
 The Obfervations which the By-Siander has made 
 upon this Report, and the pretended Matter there- 
 of, need not be taken Notice of, when all the 
 Foundation of them is defl:royed,and they are fhewn 
 to be utterly falfe j but as he would fain draw in Sir 
 William Petty to countenance one of his Affertions, 
 and quotes him for faying, in a Pofthumous Work 
 or Eflay, which probably he had not fully digefted, 
 *' That the ordinary Charge of the Government in 
 *' Time of Peace was not 600,000 /. a Year,'' I 
 muft obferve that Sir William doth indeed exprefs 
 himfelf in thofe Words-, but it is after he has 
 faid " that about five Millions would amount to 
 *' one Years Pay for 1 00000 Foot, 40000 Horfe, 
 *' and 40000 Men at Sea, Winter and Summer;-* 
 fo that by the Government here he feems to me to 
 mean the Ciiiil Eftablijhment exclufive of the Naval 
 and Military 5 and the rather becaufe in this Senfe he 
 would be pretty near the Truth, as I have Ihewn 
 before from the Journals of the Commons ; where- 
 as in any other he wouid be vaftly miftaken. 
 
 The Faliliood of what the By-Stander has quoted 
 from Rapin will appear further from what I am 
 now going to fay about the Dutch War, which 
 began in March 1672, a little before Sir Ed- 
 ward Spragge returned from Algiers. The King 
 ufed fuch Diligence in fitting our a Fleet, that in 
 the beginning of May the Duke of Tork put to 
 
 1 M Sea 
 
it 
 
 cc 
 
 (C 
 
 C( 
 
 cc 
 
 ( H9 ) 
 
 Sea with near loo Men of War; with which he 
 engaged the Dutch Fleet on the 28th of that Month, 
 forced them to retire with the Lofs of iive ot their 
 Men of War to their own Harbours, into which 
 by help of a thick Fog il. "v made a Shift to cfcapc i 
 and not daring to put to Sea again, our Fleet infulted 
 their Coaft a great Part of the Summer. The Parlia- 
 ment met on Feb, 5, 1672-3 •, when the Chancellor 
 ^haftshury acquainted them, " That the Aids of the 
 " laft ScfTion did not anfwer the Debts, and a 
 *' confidcrable one that was defigned [viz. the A6t 
 for an Impoft on Tobacco and Foreign Commo^- 
 ditles) haying been unfortunately loft in the 
 Birth, the King had been forced to ftop the 
 Payments of his Exchequer for carrying on his 
 Affairs/* The Commons hereupon refolved 
 on Feb, 7. to grant a Supply of 1,238,750/. 
 and to raife it by an Eighteen Months Alfeirment 
 at 70,000 /. a Month. This Supply was far from 
 being equal to the neceflary Service of the War, at 
 a Time when the Tiutch were prepiring a greater 
 Fleet for the next Summer than they ever had at 
 Sea before. The Bill for Supply had the Royal 
 Affenton March 29, 1673; and the Dutch appear- 
 ed foon afterwards at Sea with a formidable Fleer, 
 which being recruited made at laft above 90 Men of 
 War, befides Firefhips and Tenders. Ours being 
 ready at the latter End of April put to Sea, and on 
 May 28, a bloody Engagement enfucd ; in which 
 after the Lofs of four Men of War, and the 
 difabling of fome others, the Dutch took Shelter in 
 their own Shallows and Harbours *, where being re- 
 inforced and knowing that the Englifi Fleet which 
 was infulting their Coaft, could have received no 
 Supplies by reafon of contrary Winds, they ven- 
 tured a fecond Battle on June 4, but with the like 
 ill Succefs as before. Our Fleet afterwards block- 
 ed up the ^exel\ and another furious Engagement 
 . ■ " ' happened 
 
 n 
 
 ii 
 
 MS 
 
 iV\ 
 
i 
 
 ( 15° ) 
 
 happened on Aug, 11, in which the Dufcb vfcrc 
 treated lo roughly, that they appeared no more at 
 Sea this Year. They were like wife (6 humbled by 
 their ill Succcfs, that they thought fit to fubmit to 
 all the Articles, which the King had infilled in his 
 Pcclaration of War, and which they at that Time 
 i-efufed, viz. to ftrike to the Engli/h in the Britijh 
 Seas, and to give Sarisfadion in the Enji-India 
 IVade, and the Biifinefs of Surinam ; and the Peace 
 was proclaimed in February 1673-4. 
 
 The Parliament had met on Jan. 7, and the King 
 had defired a Supply for the Expences of the War, 
 and the paying of the Banker's Debt, which had 
 been employed in the Preparations for it. He 
 afterwai'Js on Feb. 7, when he acquainted them 
 with the Peace, recommended to the Commons 
 to give another for building a Number of Capi- 
 tal Ships; that we might not be inferior to 
 our Neighbours at Sea. None was granted •, the 
 Parliament broke up on Feb. 24, 1673-4, and 
 did not meet again 'till April 13, 1675, when 
 the By-Stander tells us, the Houfe of Commons 
 was grown Wbi^ifi. ?Tis in the next Sefiion of 
 1675, that Rapin places that pretended Report, 
 the Falfity of which I have already expofed ; and 
 how his wife Annolalor., and the By-Stander who 
 copies him, can pretend ^.' that the King had re- 
 ceived a Million for the Ufes of the War, more 
 than he had expended in it," is not eafy for a 
 Man of Common Senfe to conceive. The War 
 was furious, and being carried on againft the moft 
 potent Maritime Power in Europe^ eniployed 
 ilronger Fleets than we have ever had finCe at Sea; 
 ib that there cannot be allowed for it lefs than 
 40000 Seamen, the Maintenance of which for two 
 Years comes to four Millions^ ons Hundred and Sixty 
 ^houfand Pounds^ befides other Expences neceffarily 
 atti^nding a War. The Parliament had given to^ 
 3 wards 
 
 ii 
 
 (( 
 
{ >s> ) 
 
 wards it, no more than 1,238,750 /. (as every Body- 
 may fee by the Colledtion of the Statutes in King 
 Charles*^ Reign,) fo that the King mull have been a 
 Idfer by it of near 3 Millions, and have contracted 
 a Debt of that Value. The World will furely begin 
 to have a better Opinion of King Charles*^ Govern- 
 ment, when they ice Rapin^ his 'Tranjlator^ and the 
 By-Stattdef, forced to have Recourfe to fuch palpa« 
 ble Fallhoods, and even Forgeries of Reports, to 
 blacken it : And every impartial Man, who fees 
 their infamous Mifreprcfentations in this Inftance, 
 will fcarce think them deferving of the leaft Credit 
 in any other. 
 
 The King, at the meeting of the Parliament in 
 yipril 1675, recommended to them the Condition 
 of the Navy j tiie State whereof and of the Stores 
 was laid before the Commons, who gave no Sup- 
 ply for that or any ether Purpofe : And a Diffe- 
 rence arifing betv/een tlie two Houfes in Regard to 
 their Privileges, they were on June 9, prorogued to 
 O^. 13, 1675. The King at the opening cf this hft 
 Seffions, defired of the Commons Supplies, as well 
 for the Building of Ships, as to take off the Anti- 
 cipations of his Revenue, occafioncd by the late 
 War with Holland. They refolvcd on O^. 19, to 
 give him no AfTiftance for taking off thofe Anti- 
 cipations; but on the iid of the fame Month, a- 
 greed to grant 300,000/. for the building of one 
 Firft, 5 Second, and 14 Third Rates; a.nd on Not;. 
 8, refolved to raifp it by an 18 Month's Affeffment, 
 at 17,204/. 1 7 J. 3^. a Month ; the Money to be 
 paid into the Receipt of the Exchequer y^nd kept apart 
 from all other Monies, appropriated to the Building, 
 Rigging and otlier Furniture of the faid Ships, and 
 to no other Ufe whatever ; with Penalties to be in- 
 fii(5led on any Officer of the Exchequer, that (hould 
 divert and milappiy any Part thereof. But the 
 QLiarrcl between the two f loufes being revived, this 
 
 -. , Bill 
 
 V'„ 
 
C( 
 
 « 
 
 C( 
 
 <( 
 
 cc 
 
 «c 
 
 cc 
 
 iC 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
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 ( 152) 
 
 BiH was loft, snd the ParJiament on Nov. 29, was 
 prorogued to Feb. 15, iCyS-y. 
 
 The Houfcs met on the Day to which they (lood 
 prorogued -, the King laid before rhem the Ncccf- 
 iity of building more Ships ; and defired them 
 to continue the additional Excife, '* which had 
 been given in 1670 for fix Years, and was now 
 ready to expire. He reprefented the Difficulties 
 he lay under by an heavy Burden ot Debt, which 
 he wanted Means to difcharge. He offered 
 to lay before them the yearly Eftablifhmenty by 
 which it would appear, that when theconftant and 
 unavoidable Charge was paid, there would remain 
 no Overplus, even towards difcharging fuch Con- 
 tingencies, as happened in all Kingdoms, and had 
 been a confiderablc Charge to him the lafl Year ♦, 
 a Year in which he had been atperfedl Peace with 
 *' all the World." The Commons hereupon voted 
 a Supply for building one Firft, 9 Second, and 20 
 Third Rates; and fixing it at 584,978/. 2 s. i^d. 
 to be raifed by an Afleflfment of 17 Months, order- 
 ed a like Appropriation as in the precedent Seffion, 
 and that the Accompts of all Receipts, and the 
 Difburfements for each particular Ship fhould be 
 tranfmitted to their Houfe. They refolved likewife 
 to continue the additional Excife for three Years 
 more ; but had no fooner done fb, than they ad- 
 drcfi^ed his Majelly to make Alliances, and to take 
 Meafures to preferve the Netherlands from a French 
 Invalion, and prevent all Dangers to England from 
 the Power of the French King, and the Progrefs of 
 his Arms in Flanders. The King told them in An-- 
 fwer, that without 600,000/. or Credit for that 
 Sum, he could neither fpeak nor a6l what was necef- 
 iary to anfwer the Ends of their AddrelTes, without 
 expofing the Kingdom to much greater Dangers. 
 All that the Commons would do to enable hit " was 
 to allow him to borrow (200,000 /= on the addi- 
 tional 
 
( 153 ) 
 
 tional Excife j a Fund given for other Ufcs, for 
 fupporting the yearly Elhiblifiiment and conftanc 
 brdinary Charge of the Government, to which it 
 fcarce ferved to make the ordinary Revenue equal 
 In a Year of the lead pxpence. Thus was the 
 King to be run more and more in Debt, and to 
 encumber hi$ ordinary Revenue with new Antici- 
 pations : The Parliament would grant no more thai) 
 the Supplies before mentioned, and broke up hUy 
 28, 1677. 
 
 They met again on Jan. ?.8, 1677-8, when the 
 the King acquainted them, " that he had made 
 *' Alliances with Holland for the Prelervation of 
 Flanders^ which could not well fail of being cfec- 
 tual for that End, unlefs prevented by the Want 
 of due AfTiftance to fupport thofe Alliances : And 
 then reprefenting the Neceflity of a great Force 
 by Sea and Land for that Purpofe, declared his 
 Readinefs to remove all Fears of mifapplying 
 their Money, and his Wifhes that it might be 
 appropriated as ftridlly as they could defire. He 
 *' next informed them of his Care, and the Pro- 
 grefs he had made in building the new Ships j 
 which to render them the more ufeful, he had 
 caufcd to be made of fuch larger Pimenfions, as 
 " would coft him "Sove 100,000/. more than the 
 Ad allowed j that he had gone as far as he could 
 in repairing the old Fleet, and in buying necef- 
 fary Stores for the Navy and Ordnance : And in 
 *' this and other Provifions for better fecuring hisi 
 Foreign Plantations, and the Idands nearer 
 Home , he had expended a great deal more than 
 the 200,000/. they had enabled him to borrow 
 " on the Excife ; that he had borne the Charge 
 *' both of a Rebellion in Virginia^ and a new War 
 with Algiers \ that he ftood engaged with the 
 Prince of Orange for his Neicc's Portion ; and 
 
 X '* Ihould 
 
 
 (( 
 
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 ( «5.4 ) 
 
 •* fliould not be able to maintain his conftant necef- 
 fary Eftablifliment, unlcfs the new Import upon 
 Wines, vlff. (which had been given tor 9 Years) 
 ** were continued.** 
 
 The Commons hereupon, refolvcd on Feb. 6, and 
 8 i that 90 Men of War and 26 Regiments of Foot, 
 of 1000 Men each, 4 of Horfe, 490 each, and 2 
 of Dragoons, of 960 Men each ; were neceflfary to 
 fupport the Alliance with Holland, to preferve the 
 Low-Countries, and leflen the Power of France : 
 And paffed on March 8, a Poll-Bill, with a ftridt 
 Appropriation of the Money to the Service of the 
 French War, and a Prohibition of French Commo- 
 dities. The King fitted out this Fleet, and raifed 
 the Army in a Months Space ; and by March 10, 
 had embarked loooo Men for Flanders, which was 
 going to be fwallowed up by the French King, 
 who had juft taken Ghent and lpres\ but upon the 
 Arrival of thefe Forces thought fit to fend his Ar- 
 my back to their Quarters -, and made fuch Offers 
 for a Ceflation till July 27, as were likely to end in 
 a general Peace ; to which the Dutch were fo vio- 
 lently inclined, that they rcfolved to make a fepa- 
 rate one, rather than they would continue a War, 
 ; Avhich they were unable to fupport any longer. The 
 King on this Occafion laid his Alliances, even the 
 fecret Articles thereof, before them. T|je Com- 
 mons were for an immediate War with France i 
 which till the ifTue of the Treaty was known, was 
 ' not either for the Intereft of England, or the King's 
 Safety to engage in alone. He luftered great In- 
 conveniencies, by not being repaid the 200,000/. 
 he had borrowed on the additional Excife, to pro- 
 vide Stores, and make the necefTary Preparations tor a 
 War in Conlequence of his Alliances ; and yet that 
 Sum was not a Third Part of what would be necef- 
 fary for Stores and Provifions, if a War was adtir- 
 
 a ally 
 
( '55 ) 
 
 ally begun. The Commons had promifcd to re- 
 pay thac Money i but thougli they knew his Majefty'x 
 Didrcfs, did not take it into their Confideration till 
 Junty when they appointed a f])ecial Committee to 
 examine into the Accompts of the Dinmrlcmtnts 
 thcreof,and alfo to confider of leflening the Charge of 
 thd Navy. Mr. Powk was Chairman of this Com- 
 mittee, and reported from it on June 1 7, that the 
 200,000 /. had been expended for the extraordinary 
 of the Ordnance, and that 463,641/. 16 j. ^ d. 
 had been expL*nded on the Navy, befides wliat was 
 due for Wages, Stores, Repairs, l^c, *Twas from 
 this Committee, that the fame Gentleman reported, 
 what I have formerly quoted, in Relation to the 
 ordinary Charge of the Navy in I'imts of Peace, 
 viz. that it amounted to 360,000 /. a Year-, befidLS 
 Extraordinaries and Contingencies ; fuch as in 
 1676, when 44,551/. \\ 5, 4.d. was laid out in 
 Fortifications. The King hoping that ihe Com- 
 mons were by thi<5 Report convinced, how unequal 
 his ordinary Revenue was to the conftant ordinary 
 Charges of the Government, reprefented the next 
 Day to the Houfes. *' How impollible it was for 
 hirn, with a Revenue fo impaired as hjs was, by 
 Debts long fince contrafted, and by the prefent 
 Anticipations, and fo difprpportioned to chat of 
 all his Neighbours, even to that of Holland, to 
 fupport the Dignity of ':he Crown j and therefore 
 if they would have him fupport llich a War as 
 Algiers with Honour, and at the fame Time keep 
 fuch Fleets about our own Coafl:, ^s might give 
 our Neighbour the Refped always paid this 
 Crown, they muft not only fettle for his Life the 
 Revenue and the additional Duties, as at Chrift- 
 mas laft ; but find a Way to add to it 300,000 /. 
 a Year upon fome new Funds." The Commojis 
 abfolutely rejeded the Motion for the 300,000 /. a 
 Year; but could not refufe to continue the additional 
 i ' X 2 t>utiet 
 
 cc 
 
 
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 C( 
 
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 ( '56) 
 
 Dfiiics on IVines^ not for Life, but only for Three 
 Years i which might bring in aboDt 60,000 /. a 
 Vcar; and having paflfed hkcwifcan A61 for niifing 
 619,380/. II J. 6d. by a Twelve Months AflTcli^ 
 iFiCnt, for paying the Navy, Army, and Princcls of 
 Orangc\ Portion, were prorogued on Jtdy 15, - 
 1678. 
 
 They met again on the 2\^ ofO^okr following '^ 
 when his Majefty acquainted them " with the great 
 Difappointment he had been under by the Defedt 
 of the Poll-Bill i that his Revenue was under 
 great Anticipations, and tii beft never bad been 
 equal to ihc conftani and necjjary Expence of the 
 ♦' Government ; thnt he would ordef the whole Stare 
 " of it be laid before them, and required them to 
 " examine into it, and take it into their Confide- 
 *' ration." The Commons knew all this very well *, 
 but they did not care to eafc the King of any of his 
 Difficulties : They pafied a Bill for 206,462 /. 17 s, 
 3 d. for paying the Army ; but the Lords making 
 Amendments to it, they rejefled them ; the B;ll 
 was loft and the Parliament prorogued on Dec. 30, 
 1678, and foon after diflblved. 
 
 A new Parliament meeting on March 6, the 
 King acquainted the Houfe : " That he had dif- 
 " banded as much of the Army as he could get 
 *' Money to do, and was willing to difband the 
 ** reft, as foon as they ftiould reimburfe what they 
 *' had coft him, and would enable him to pay off 
 ♦' the Remainder, and dcfired them likewife to pay 
 off that part of the Fleet, which had been pro- 
 vided for by Parliament, but for no longer Time 
 than to June -, as alfo to difcharge the Debt for 
 *' Stores, which had been occafioned by the Poll- 
 " Bills falling fhort of the Sum for which the Ad 
 ' \\ gave Credit". He next recommended to thern 
 ' to difcharge the Anticipations on his Revenue, 
 which he had commanded to be laid before them , 
 
 " and 
 
 <c 
 
 «c 
 
 C( 
 
4( 
 
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 (t 
 
 (( 
 
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 ( "57) 
 
 f and thoufrh he dcTirccl fiich an lacrcafc of the 
 ^* Revenue as might make it equal tq kis necejjary Ex- 
 pencesy yet by reafon of fomc oilier Supplies be- 
 ing ablolutcly neceflfary, he w^s a)ntcnt to ftrug- 
 gle with that Difficulty a little while longer, cx- 
 pccling only for the prcfent to have the addi- 
 tional Datics on the Qiftoms and Kxcife pro- 
 longed to him, iind that they would make up 
 the Lofs he daily fuftained by the Proliibition of 
 French Wines and Brandy, which turned only tp 
 his Prejudice and the Advantage of the French. 
 He went on to reprcfcnt the NccefTity of a good 
 Strength at Sea for the following Summer, on 
 " account of the naval Preparations making by* 
 *' our Neighbours, and recommended fuch a con- 
 " ftant Eltablifhment for the Navy, as might make 
 " the Kingdom not only fafe but formidable; 
 " which could never be done as long as there was 
 " not Revenue enough remaining befides, to pay 
 ^' the neceflliry Charges of the Crown'*. The 
 phancellor, in his Speech, infift-cd on the Difficul- 
 ties the King was under, by having exhaufted his 
 Treafury in going as far as he could in difbanding 
 the Army, which was very much, though not fully 
 done ; the Charge of a Fleet that wanted to be paid 
 off after long Service j the NcccITity of another for 
 the Summer ; and the Defcdivcncfs of the Revenue 
 which had been always fhort of the neceflfary 
 Charges of ihe Government, and the Expediency 
 of taking off the Debts and Anticipations thereof, 
 as well as of fupplying the Diminution of the Cu- 
 floms, which made it flill narrower than it was ori- 
 ginally. The Commons had Views of their own, 
 which they hoped to carry by continuing the King 
 under his Neccffities -, fo that without attempting or 
 fhcwing a Difpofition to do any Thing that might 
 help to relieve him, they pafTed an Aft for 206,462 /. 
 17 J. 3^. to difband the Armyj a Sum not ade- 
 ' - '■ cjuats 
 
'Ii 
 
 I 
 
 I i ^ 
 
 iV,,, 
 
 ( 158) 
 
 quatc to the Service, when propoftd in the lad Par-" 
 liament ; and much too little to pay off the Forces 
 after lb much longer a Continuance on Foot. This 
 had the Royal Affent on May (^^ ^^79» ^"^ the 
 Parliament was prorogued foon after, and diflblved. 
 
 By that Aft Sir Thomas Player^ Sir Gilbert Gsr 
 rardy and the Colonels Birch and PFhiiky^ were ap- 
 pointed to dilband the Army ; but it appears by tlie 
 Com-mons Journal of July 16, 1689, that the Mo- 
 npy given by the A^ fell very much fhort of an- 
 fwering the End for which ic was given, and that 
 there was ftill due 108,588/. ly s. 11 d. and one 
 or other of the laid CommifTioners had given Cer- 
 tificates for 54,390/. 4 J. which they had not Mo-» 
 ney to difcharge. Nor did the next Parli?ment, 
 which met on O^/. 21, 1680, take any Seep towards 
 ibpplying this Deficiency, or clearing any of the An- 
 ticipations which his Majefty had made of hi's Re- 
 venue for the public Service, or even for the pre- 
 ferving of Tangier ^ which the King told them over 
 and over, he muft be necefiitated to quit, unlef^ 
 they would enable him to maintain the Garrifon, it 
 being impolTible for him, with fo fcancy and encum- 
 bered a Revenue, to fupport the Charge. They 
 were too much taken up with the Bill of Exclufion 
 to mind any Thing elfe ; and the Oxford Parliament 
 following the Meafurcs of this, the King had no 
 other Supply to the End of his Reign. 
 
 From this hiftorical Account of the Taxes in K, 
 Charles's Time, it is clear that the conftant ordinary 
 Revenue of 1,200,000/. a Year, had it been really 
 given, was never equal to the ordinary and necef- 
 fary Charges of the Government*, that it did at 
 jBrlt fall fftort of that Suin above 400,000 /. a Year ; 
 that after the Hearth-money was granted, it ftill 
 fell fhort above 300,000 /. for two Years and an half, 
 and 260,000/. after that Duty was improved ; that 
 l\o Attempt was made to fupply this Deficiency 'till 
 
f '59 ) 
 
 xGyOi when the additional Excife on Beer, and the 
 Duties on Law Proceedings were granted j and an 
 Impoft on Tobacco and foreign Commodities, which 
 would have made it up efifectually, was alfo intend- 
 ed, but unfortunately loft by the Lords Amend- 
 ments to it -, that by this laft BllPs not pafling, there 
 was a confiderable Deficiency ftill left •, and the o- 
 ther two being but temporary, granted only for 9 
 Years, and expiring in Ahy atid Jmie 1680, the 
 Deficiency became afterwards full as great as it lud 
 been before 1670 ; that with this fcanty Revenue^ 
 he was to provide not only for the Civil Lifl, and 
 the ordinary naval and military Eftablifhments, but 
 alfo for fcveral extraordinary Services ; fuch as that 
 of Ireland for the firft 6 Years after his Reftoration •, 
 that of Dtmkrik to the End of 1662 ; that of Tan- 
 giery and a perpetual War with the Moors from the 
 Beginning of 1662 to Jprii 16S4., when the Go- 
 vernor and Garrifon of that Place returned Home ; 
 and that of a War with the Algerines or other Ti/r^'- 
 ijh and Saly Rovers^ which obliged him to maintain 
 a Squadron of Ships in the Mediterranean for about 
 18 of the 25 Years that pafled from the Reftora- 
 tion to his Death \ that he had no Supplies given him 
 for any of thcfe S^Tvices, and even what were grant- 
 ed for the firft War againft Holland^ France^ and 
 Denmark^ and for the latter againft Holland alone, 
 were vaftly lliort of the necjcflary Expences therein ; 
 that during the former of thofe Wars, he fuffered 
 vaft LofTes in his ordinary Revenue by the cafual 
 Calamities of the Plague and Fire of London^ (hav- 
 ing on that Account abated in his Cuftoms alone 
 351,476/. 15 J. 10 d. to th(j Farmers of that Re- 
 venue,) as well as by the? Diminution v/hich fuch 
 Wars ncccfiarily occafioned in his Cuftoms -, and 
 that no Supplies were given him by Parliamenf, ci- 
 ther to repair thcle Loifcs, or to rcimburfe the ex- 
 craordiDury E^Np^ixcs, in which he was ncccllariiy 
 
 <^n"a'^^v.'d 
 
 I.' s 
 
IK 
 
 ■ rSii 
 
 ( i6o ) 
 
 engaged by thofe Wars, and which added exceed- 
 ingly to the iniineiife Debts contrii6ted before h\§ 
 Time, that he was loaded with immediately upon 
 his Reftoration^ which the Deficiency of his ordi- 
 nary Revenue could only ferve to increafe continu- 
 ally. Whoever confiders thefe Things cannot but 
 fee, that the blending of the public Charges of the 
 Kingdom with the Civil Lid, and putting both up- 
 on the ordinary Revenue, far from being of Advan- 
 tage to K. Charles (as the By-Stander pretends) was 
 the utter Ruin of his Atiairs, and unavoidably 
 caufed the Diflipation of the patrimonial Eflate 
 of the Crown ; an Eifed which probably it was 
 from the firft intended to produce. That Prince 
 
 * would have been much more happy than he was^ 
 had he enjoyed (exclufive of the public Charges of 
 the Nation) but half the Revenue of the prpfenC 
 Civil Lift -, the Funds of which, fince the Addition 
 
 ' of 70,000 /. a Year upon the Brandy Adl, I have 
 heard very knowing Men compute a 1,200^000/. 
 a Year. 
 
 It may not be improper here to Compute all the 
 Money that was raifdd upon the People of England 
 
 i .in King Charlesh Reign, exclufive of the Reilora- 
 tion Year, when all that was given was not Ibffi- 
 cient to pay off the Debts of the late Ufurpers, and 
 the King's Revenue was not fettled, the Funds given 
 
 -for it not taking Place 'till Chrijimas 1660. Now 
 it appears from former Calculations, (of the By- 
 Stander^ % own making,) that the Cuftoms, Excife, 
 Poft-Office, and Wine-Licences produced 652,952 /. 
 a Year, and in 24 Years from 1661 to 1684 both 
 inclulive 15,670,846 o o 
 
 * TheHearth-n-ioneyfor2Years7 
 
 and a half, to 1664 - ^J! 
 
 * Ditto from 1665 to 1684, at) 
 
 1 60^000 /. a Year 3 
 
 ; Additional Excife for 9 Years 
 
 250,000 o o 
 
 3,200,000 
 990, 000 
 
 o o 
 Duty 
 
(i6i) 
 
 I , 
 $ 
 
 Duty on Law-Proceedings for 7 
 9 Years, at 80,000 /. a Year 3 
 
 To thefe muft be added theT 
 extraordinary Grants of Par- 1 
 liament, as beforemention- f 
 
 . ed, viz. J 
 
 166 1 By Affeffment, volun-7 
 tary Prefent, and Arrears ^ 
 
 1662 Prize-monies V 
 i66s Subfidy Ad 
 
 1664 Land-Tax , 
 
 1665 Aid • . ... 
 
 1666 Poll-Bill and Affcflments 
 1668 DutyonWinesandBran-7 
 
 dies y 
 
 1 66g Impoft on Wine and Vi- 7 
 
 ncgar - : j" 
 
 1670 Land-Tax of i s. in the? 
 , Pound j 
 
 167-J. Monthly Affeffments 
 i6yy For building 30 Men 7 
 
 of War j 
 
 r By additional Duty on' 
 'r^oi Wine at 60,000/. 
 '^7H Year 
 
 (.By Monthly Afleflments 
 i6io Ditto 
 
 720,000 o p 
 
 on5 
 I a^ 
 
 ■ ' -\y 
 
 1,646,000 o d 
 
 2O5OOO o o 
 
 , 360,000 o o 
 
 2,477*500 o o 
 
 1,250,000 o o 
 
 i»756>347 13 10 
 
 310,000 o o 
 
 400,000 o 
 
 600,000 o o 
 
 ^^'2-3^,750 o 
 
 0584,978 2 2-|. 
 
 1 80,000 o o 
 
 619,380 II 6 
 
 206,462 17 g 
 
 32,474,265 4 94.' 
 
 This Sum of 32,474,265/. 4^. 94-, which was 
 all that was raifed upon the People of England^ by 
 all ilianner of Taxes whatever, in the 24 Years of 
 King Chai^ks^s adlual Pofleffion of the Government, 
 49th not one Year with another, amount to full One 
 Million^ three Hundred and fifty three Tboufand, nine-, 
 ^: Y ty-fivS 
 
i 
 
 '^ 
 
 ( 162 ) 
 
 '^y-fiiii Pounds a Tear, I differ indeed in this Point 
 .very widely from the By-Stander, who (p. 86.)ftateij 
 the King's Civil Lift alone, exclufive of all Difburfe- 
 ments for public Charges at 1,735,900/. a Year; 
 but my State thereof is fully proved by the Pre- 
 miflls, in which I have refuted the By'Siander*s falfc 
 Calculations, and fhewn the Reafons of my own, 
 r(vvhercver I differ from him) by undoubted Autho- 
 rities, drawneitherfrom Ads of Parliament, or the 
 Journals of the Houfe of Commons, which I have 
 cited faithfully, and defy all Mankind to find me 
 tripping in a fingle Qijotation. The World will 
 be perhaps furprized, after all the Clamours and 
 Calumnies thrown out of late againft his Perfon and 
 Kcign, to find how little K. Charles coft this Na- 
 tion, and with how inconfiderable an Expence for 
 fo rich a People he maintained all his "Wars, and 
 carried on all the Afifairs of Government. The 
 Crown-Lands, his own Patrimony, indeed paid for 
 it, being facrificed to the public Charges of the Na- 
 tion, and the eafing of his Subjefts ; and if he was 
 by terrible Necefllties, of which the Debts of the 
 late Rebellion and Usurpation laid the Foundation, 
 forced to that Sale, and to fome other Steps, 
 not more offenfive to thofc that cenfure them moft, 
 than difagreeable to himfelf ; Men of Equity, Can- 
 dour, and Humanity, will not find therein fo much 
 flatter to be fevere on his Condud, as Reafon to 
 let their Indignation fall with its full Weight upon 
 "thofe that were the Contrivers or Authors of his 
 l^eceffitics, and upon thofe too, who (like the By- 
 Stander) do now {o outragioufly infult his Memory. 
 As that Writer is fond of comparing that Prince's 
 Times with thofe that have followed the Revolu* 
 tion, let us examine what have been the Expences 
 ^of the Nation fince that Event. To be as Ihort in 
 doing this as poflible, and becaufe tne Journals and 
 "Votes for ibme Years after the Revolution, do not 
 
 Ipecify 
 
 i 
 
( i63 ) 
 
 fpecify the particular Sums given for partiailar Ser* 
 vices, fo dirtindlty as hath been done fincc, fo that 
 it would take up Time to fettle every Article of a 
 iiew Calculation, I take it for KingPFilliam's Reign, 
 from the Computation made by the Author of the 
 Hiftorkal Account of Taxes Jince the Conqueft (p. 3.50.) 
 who founds it upon the Receipts of the fcveral 
 Taxes between iVJjz;. 5, 1688, and Michaelmas 1700, 
 which came to 65,987,566/. 17 j. 8^. and then 
 adding the Impofitions for the Year and half after- 
 wards to the Death of that Prince, Jie makes the 
 whole that was raifed on the Nation in that Reign, 
 amount to Seventy Millions. And this Calculation 
 13 the rather to be depended on, bec^^ufe it feems a- 
 greeable to what is faid in the Addrefs of the Houfe 
 of Comipons to Q.Anne on Feb. 12, 1702, after 
 they had at her Delire infpedted into the Accompts 
 of all public Receipts and Payments of her Subje(5ts. 
 They reprefent in it, " that 45,568,725/. 19 j. 
 2 -1, (a Sum never known to be raifed in very 
 many Reigns before) had been levied on the Sub- 
 je6t, and iflued out of the Exchequer for the Ser- 
 vice of the late War to Pay- mafters and Treafu- 
 *' rers between ISIgv. 5, 1688, and M^rr^. 8., 1701., 
 " befides the feveral Millions of Money that were 
 *' raifed for other public Ufes ; yet the far greateft 
 ** Part thereof had not been accompted for to that 
 *' Day, to the great Diflatisfa6lion of the People, and 
 *' great Dilhonour of the Engljh Nation." Thefe 
 feveral Millions given for other public Ufes befides 
 the War, and thirteen Years and a half's Produce 
 of the Civil Ljft Funds, fecm to make up the reft 
 of the Seventy Millions. 
 
 ■ The fame Author {p. 360J after recounting the 
 feveral Taxes laid upon the Nation in Queen Anne's 
 Time, computes the Money levied upon the Subjeft 
 in her Reign to amount to eighty Millions •, fo that 
 in the firft 26 Years after the Revolution, there 
 
 Y 2 ■ were 
 
 iC 
 
 cc 
 
 (C 
 
 cc 
 
1^ 
 
 (i64) 
 
 were an hundred and fifty Millions given to the Crown, 
 near five Times more than had been granted in the 
 24 Years o^ K\ns,Charles the Second's Reign. This 
 Calculation, which he founds upon the Taxes and 
 their Produce, is ftill lefs than what I find by the 
 Votes of the Houfe of Commons in that Princefs's 
 Time, touching the Sums given in each Seflion for 
 the Service of the enfuing Year : The Totals of 
 which, tho' a dry Work for a Man not ufed to Ac- 
 compts, I have endeavoured to caft up ; and they 
 appear to me for their refpedive Years to be as 
 follows. ' ■ ' ■ t ■ • • 
 
 For the Service of 1702 
 
 1703 
 
 1704 
 
 -^ 1705 
 
 ' 1706 
 
 1707 
 
 1708 
 
 . 1709 
 
 . I — 1710 
 
 ' 171 1 
 
 ■ — 1 71 2 
 
 1713 
 
 1714 
 
 /. 
 
 s. 
 
 d, 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 3i 
 
 3,582,788 4 
 
 Z^5^7^957 7 
 4,007,329 8 
 
 5,244,941 3 
 
 5,151,460 16 
 
 5»893»38i 15 
 
 6,026,845 18 64. 
 
 6,332,038 10 104. 
 
 4»9%>432 16 o^ 
 i4>573>244 5 4 
 
 5»37Mi9 19 84. 
 2,899,233 3 4-J. 
 
 2,689,533 5 si 
 
 Total 70,266,506 14 4^ 
 
 ■4^. ,r» MO^.i-- I. >.^.< 
 
 It may very well be fuppofed, that in making 
 out of the Journals thofe Extradts which are to be 
 printed in the Votes^ the Clerks may fometimes o- 
 Verlook an Article, when feveral Refolutions of a 
 Committee for Supply, all generally beginning 
 with the like Words, are reported together; fo> 
 that probchly more Sums were voted than are here 
 mentioned. I find particularly that in the SelTions 
 
( i6s) . 
 
 of 1703, the Charge of the Ordinary of the Navy 
 IS omitted ; as is alfo in that of 1709, the Charge 
 of our Forces in Spain and Portugaly which in che 
 Year before amounted to near 1,100,000 /. and ia 
 the Year following to 1,500,006/. yet nothing is 
 put down for thofc Omiffions. Nor have I put 
 down any Thing for the 140,000/. a Ye^r for 32 
 Years, fet a- part by a Vote of May 3, 171 1, for 
 the raifingof 1,500,000 /. though it fecms to nie part 
 of the Debt then provided for by the Soutb-Sea 
 A61, and without it the Debts which that l^iW was 
 p fecuredo not amount to the nine Millions therein 
 i;nentioned. Notwithftanding all this, if \ve add 
 the Funds appropriated to the Civil Lift, and o- 
 ther Charges upon them, at a Millio n for each of 
 the 13 Years of Queen Jnne, this with the Total 
 abovementioned, will amount to above eighty-three 
 Millims i fo that in about 26 Years, which pafled 
 from the Revolution to the Death of Queen Anney 
 there was raifcd upon the Nation x\t2Lrfive times as 
 much as was raifed in the 24 Tears of King Charles 
 the Second. 
 
 It muft be faid indeed, that the Revolution was 
 followed with Wars very expenfive of themfelves^ 
 and rendered much more fo by the Management 
 thereof. It may be proper therefore to confider, 
 what Sums have been raifed in the peaceful Times 
 which we have had, fince the Proteftant Succeflion 
 took Place. Now from the Death of Queen Anne^ 
 I find by the Votes, the following Suras have been 
 iaifed by the Nation, viz, ' " ' 
 
 For 1 715 
 ' 1716 
 171 7 
 1718 
 
 ^-\ 
 
 
 'M. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 2,946,916 
 
 6 
 
 9v 
 
 3,122,959 
 
 5 
 
 I It 
 
 3,674,107 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 '^y5HP75 
 
 3 
 
 2v 
 
 • f • 
 
 t 
 
 For 
 
(i66) 
 
 •or 
 
 719- 
 
 720 * 
 
 721 - 
 
 722 - 
 
 723- 
 724- 
 
 726- 
 727- 
 728- 
 729- 
 
 731- 
 7Z^' 
 733- 
 734- 
 735- 
 736- 
 
 737- 
 
 738- 
 
 739- 
 740- 
 
 741 
 
 742 granted- 
 
 7. 
 
 3y3^^^57^ 
 3.623,537 
 
 2,647,127 
 
 2,923,108 
 
 2,043,051 
 
 1,861,838 
 
 1,823,229 
 
 2,937.^3^ 
 2,998,104 
 
 4,333*666 
 
 3»H9>499 
 2,281,190 
 
 .3,682,838 
 
 1,782,700 
 
 2,o©4,8o6 
 
 3,870,230 
 
 3,150,452 
 
 2,141,552 
 
 3,025,172 
 
 3*388,596 
 
 2,728;363 
 
 3,748,713 
 2,734,429 
 6,100,000 
 
 '7 
 
 7 
 18 
 
 17 
 6 
 
 4 
 18 
 
 II 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 17 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 10 
 
 15 
 II 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 5r 
 o 
 
 3^ 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 74 
 
 10-^ 
 
 6^ 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 7t 
 4i 
 94 
 84 
 64 
 10^. 
 
 Total 85,600,039 3 24. 
 
 In this Account of Grants, I have omitted all 
 Grants of Annuities for Lives, and for an indefi- 
 nite Number of Years, as well becaufe I could not 
 cafily afcertain the juft Value thereof, as becaufe I 
 did not care to fwell the Amount of thefe Taxes, 
 to more than it certainly is, or to leave any room 
 for Cavil. »Tis for this laft Reafon, that I have 
 put down the grofs Sum of the Grants for 1738, 
 only at 3,388,596/. 4.S. 8^^; becaufe I did not 
 
 obferve 
 
( '67 ) , 
 
 t)bferve in the Votes, that the particular Sums vot- 
 ed, amounted to more : though the Hiftorical Re- 
 gift er for that Year, pag. 176, in the Speech, which 
 is afcribed to the Speaker at the End of the SefTion, 
 fbews that there were above 3,750,000/. granted 
 ■for the Fleets and Armies, befides a Million to dif- 
 charge as much of the National Debt ; and the 
 Taxes laid that Seffion agree with the Sum men- 
 tioned in that Speech. I am indeed apt to think, 
 that in turning over the Votes, I have overlooked 
 feveral Articles, which would have confiderably aug- 
 mented the vail Sum which is put above, as the 
 total of the yearly Supplies for 28 Years paft ; 
 •however, as it (lands, it does with the Revenue ari- 
 fmg from the Funds of the Civil Lift for the fame 
 Number of Years, (which being computed below 
 their real Value, and only at Million a Year, arifc 
 to 28 Millions, amount to one Hundred and thirteen 
 Millions^ fix Hundred ^houfand thirty-nine Pounds^ 
 ^hree Shillings and Two-pence Half -penny, A Sum 
 above three Times more than all that King Charles 
 received from his Subjefls in his whole Reign, or 
 would have received, if he had lived four Years 
 longer to make up 28 Years, at the Medium of the 
 Revenue and Taxes in his Time. It hath been al- 
 ready obferved, what prodigious Fleets King Charles 
 was obliged to fit out, and what bloody Engage- 
 ments happened in hie fix Years War with Holland: 
 What vaft Expences for the repairs of Ships, thefe 
 muft occafion, it is eafy for every Body to conceive. 
 In fome of thofe Years, he had Denmark and France 
 too for his Enemies ; and in the other 1 8 Years of 
 his Government (fcarce one excepted) he was con- 
 tinually at War with the Moors^ the Algerines and 
 other Turkijh Rovers : Yet the Medium of the Taxes 
 •in his Time, came but to about Thirteen Hundred 
 Fifty-three Thoufand Pounds a Tear. Whereas ip 
 ,the laft 28 Years, in which we have enjoyed the 
 
 2 Blefling, 
 
 I ! 
 
^HH 
 
 If 
 
 f i68 ) 
 
 Blefllng, and mrght have thriven by the Arts, of 
 l^cacc; in which wc have had no Foreign War to cm- 
 ploy Land-Forces, nor any Sca-Engagcmenr, but 
 what I would, as willingly as the late Earl Stanhope^ 
 draw a Veil over for the Take of the Englijh Name \ 
 the Adion in 1 7 1 8,off the Coall oi Sicily cxceptcd,the 
 Medium of our Taxes has been at the Rate of above 
 Four Millions a Year j and this, though the Nation 
 hath all the while laboured under an heavy Debt of 
 of about Fifty Millions^ and paid for a long Time a 
 great deal more, but never lefs, than ^wo Millions a 
 Year for the Intereft thereof 
 
 It muft be owned indeed, and I have before 
 proved, that the 1,353,000/. a Year with which 
 King Charles maintained all his Wars, and fupport- 
 cd all the Charges of the Nation, was too fmall a 
 Revenue to defray fuch extraordinary Expences, 
 and provide likewife for the ordinary public Charges 
 of the Government. He did all he could to make 
 it hold our, retrenching bout 3 Years after his Re- 
 ftoration the public Tabics, which all the Kings of 
 England before him had kept for the great Officers 
 of their Court, (who in lieu thereof were allowed 
 the Board-Wages which they enjoy at prcfent,) and 
 looking carefully himfclf into the Management of 
 his Treafury, wherein by that Means he was very 
 well ferved all his Reign. His ordinary Revenue 
 was 300,000/. a Year deficient of that Sum : He 
 defired, in 1678, the Houfe of Commons to fup- 
 ply him with that additional Income,- which would 
 have enabled him to fupport the Dignity of the 
 Crown, and fecure, as he wifhed, the Trade, Re- 
 putation, and Interefts of the Nation ; but had 
 the MortificatiCii to be refufed. The People of 
 England were in thofe Days much better fecured 
 fi-om being opprefled with Taxes, by the ufual Fru- 
 gality of Parliaments, than they are now, by the 
 Appropriations fo much cry'd up by the By-Stander^ 
 
 above 
 
 
 lit 
 
 th 
 fu 
 

 ( i6<, ) 
 
 above what we fee in the Effeds of this Method. 
 It Was pradifcd, as hath bten fhewn, even in King 
 Charles's Time i but it did not then hinder Parlia- 
 ments from enquiring by feledb Committees into e- 
 very Eftimate laid before them, into all the Dif- 
 burfemcnts of public Money, into every Branch of 
 the Revenue, and into every Article of Expence, 
 even thofe of fecret Service^ with all the Stndnefs 
 imaginable. Nor did the King ever obftruft thcfe 
 Inquiries, fo neceflary for the Satisfaction of the 
 People, and to make th|.'m pay the public Taxes 
 without murmuring. He had no Intereft ieparate 
 from that of his Subjcdls ; no Defire ilronger in 
 him than to be well with his People, and to make 
 them rich, floUrifhing, and happy. Far therefore 
 from obferving a Condudl, that would naturally in- 
 fbire a Jealouly of his Mcafures and Djfigns, he 
 tnanked his Parliaments on fome Occafions for thefe 
 Inquiries ; and on others; recommended it to them 
 to make them with all the Rigour imaginable ; af- 
 furing them of his Readinefs to give up any Mi- 
 nifter of his, who Ihould, in the Courfe of their 
 Inquiries, be fouhd guilty of any Mifdemeanoi*. 
 
 The lavifh World never look into AcCompts ; 
 whereas Parfimony in giving riecefTarily produceth 
 CEconomy in Management, and is ever attended 
 with a ftridl Inquifition into the Application of Mo- 
 ney. Such was the Spirit, and fuch the Conduft of 
 Parliaments in King Charleses Time : They gave 
 little, and looked narrowly into the Application of 
 that little. They appropriated likewife chieir Grants 
 oti feveral Occafions, in fome of which they appoint- 
 ed Commidloners of their own naming, to difpofe 
 of the Money according to fuch Appropriations, 
 and in others they examined with fuch Severity into 
 the Violation thereof, that Sir Edw. Seymour, Trea- 
 furcr of the Navy, was impeached * for having 
 
 V^^i. 
 
 * Sec Commons Journal, AW. 20, 1680. 
 
 mif- 
 
( '70 ) 
 
 mifapplifcl part of the Money f;ivcn fur building 
 Ships, and diverted it to other Uus. 
 
 Thtll- Mcafnrcs proved then an ctTetSlual Security, 
 for the right Employment of the public Money •, I 
 willi tlie fame could be faid of ti)c Appropriations 
 fince the Revolution •, which coming to be confider- 
 cd as Things of Coiirfe^ are expo fed to the fame Fate, 
 as others of that Kind generally meet with, that of 
 not being minded, and degenerating at lad into 
 meer Form. It hath been an old Obllrvation, ve- 
 rified by too conflant Experience, with regard to 
 the Englifij^ that they do not want good Laws, but 
 fuflfer for want of thofe Laws being put in Execu- 
 tion. The Methods of Accompting, and all the 
 Rules eflablillied in our Trcafury by A(5l of Par- 
 liament, are undoubtedly very good j and yet they 
 have been continually violated with Impunity j and 
 (as appears by the Votes of April 24, 171 1,) have 
 not hindered an Arrear of a great part of ^^ Mil- 
 fions in the Accompt:. The Votes of May 15, 
 in the Hime Year alFure us, that notwith.ftandingour 
 niodern Appropriations, a Sum of above 600,000/. 
 given for one Ufe, had been diverted to another, 
 without any Dcdudions made in the Charge of this 
 late Article •, and that this Mifapplication of the 
 public Money, had been very prejudicial to the Ser- 
 vice of the Nation ; fo that v/Iiat the By-Slander 
 fays, p. '^^^ that no Minifler in his Senfes will be 
 guilty of a Breach of fuch Appropriations, is meerly 
 trifling, when Matter of Fad proves the contrary. 
 Supplies have been ufually granted for each Service, 
 upon the Eflimates delivered in to the Houfc of 
 Commons by the proper Officers concerned in thofe 
 Services : And yet the fame Voles afTure us, that 
 ihe public Expences have been increafed beyond the Sup' 
 plies annually granted by Parliament, and that this 
 hath been the chief Occafion of the Debts of the Na^ 
 iiofjy and an Invafwn of the Rights of Parliament, 
 
 Tii« 
 
 *iu.i 
 
1 
 
 •;» 
 
 ( '7') 
 
 The By-Stander lays a great Strcfs upon every Artl- 
 ticlc of public Service being Hibjcd to tlic Dilcuf- 
 fion of ParlJLiment •, but what fignifics this, if Par- 
 llamenti do not enter into this DifcufTion? When 
 hath R'ch a DifcufTion been made ? When liavc Coni- 
 niifTioncrs, in the 28 Years lafl: pall, been ever ap- 
 pointed for taking and examining into piibhc Ac- 
 conipts ? In King CA^r/^i's Time Parliaments en- 
 quired hy fdetl Conimittces into tlr- Truth of l\(li- 
 mates, and into, the Dilburfements of public Mo- 
 ney ; but when is it in our Days that J''(Hmates pre- 
 fented to the Houfe have been referred to fuch Com- 
 mittees ? We have known Motions for appointing 
 them to confider fomc of thefc iLflimates, and to 
 examine into the Dilburfements of particular Sums, 
 rejeded. Tiie general Method of late hath been 
 to order them to lie on the Table to be pcruR-d by 
 the Members, or to refer them to a Committee of 
 the whole Houfe, Tvhofe iifual Bufincfs does not lead 
 them fo much to ftate and examine into Fa6ls, as 
 to take them for granted, and proceed accordingly. 
 And a5. to the Pcrufal of the Members, I do not re- 
 member f'.bove one Inflance in which it proved of 
 iiny Benefit to the Nation, viz. when the late Mr. 
 HuUbinfony in 171 8, took' the Pains of examining 
 into the Charge of Half-pay OfHcers, and publifh- 
 ed his Remarks thereon •, by which he laved tht2 
 Kingdom 30,000 /. in that Article : Yet I never 
 heard that his Sqccefs ever encouraged any other 
 Perfon to follow his Example, or prevailed to have 
 fuch Eftimates put into any other Method. In fliort, 
 general Eflimates and Accompts are very feldom, if 
 ever, inftrudtive j fo that it is fcarcc pofTible to form 
 a Judgment upon them, 'till the Particulars come to 
 be examined, which is the Bufincfs of a fpccial Com- 
 mittee ; and when none fuch are appointed, when 
 Eflimates and Accompts have pafTed as it were of 
 Courfe, for many Years together, without any Ex- 
 * ■ Z 2 aiuiuution- 
 
 , -r . . * 
 

 ( 172 ) 
 
 amination, it is not eafy for a Man of commori 
 thereby Senfe to imagine, what Check or Reftraint 
 is laid upon any Minifter, who is minded to fink 
 or mifapply the public Money ; efpecially when if he 
 fhouki have the ill Luck to be difcovered, he may 
 fli 1 reafonably enough expe<5t to efcape with Impu- 
 nity ; fmce our late Hiftory fcarce furnifhesus with 
 a fingle Jnftance of a particular OfF?:inder of this 
 Kind being punifhed, even when a Cenfure hath 
 been paflfcd on the Crime and Offenders in general. 
 
 Thcfe Reafons incline me to thii:K, that we were 
 much better guarded againft Embezzlements and 
 Milapplicatio'v. of public Money, in King Cbarles*^ 
 Tijiic, than we are at prefent : And il we appeal 
 to Experiqice, it wiJl confirm us in this Opinion. 
 Our Taxes were then fmall ; our Commerce conti- 
 nually improving ; and the Nation daily increafing 
 in Wcilth ; we find the Cale now to be otherwife. 
 The By^ Slander f p. 104, quotes Dr. Davenant^ for 
 flying, " that it was agreed by old and experienced 
 ** Merchants, that we had near double the Ton- 
 nage of trading Ships in 1688, to what we had 
 in 16605 that our Furniture of all Kinds was 
 greatly improved in the Qiiantity and Richnels 
 of it ; and to inilance only in Plate, there was 
 more wiought for private Families from 1666 to 
 1688, than had been worked for 200 Years be- 
 *' fore :, and that our Manufaclures in general were 
 increafing from 1 660 to 1688, and various new 
 ones beginning to be eftablifhed." The By-Stdnder 
 alfo, p, 92, quotes the fame Author, Tor faying in 
 bis V^fcourfes of the public Revenues^ Vol. II. p. 33. 
 *' that the Coin of England at the Reftoration v/as 
 " 14 Millions*'; he might have quoted him for the 
 Increafe of our Coin four Millions ami an half widi- 
 in the fame Period of Time ; for tlie Dr. fays, 3 
 Pages afterwards, viz. ^.. 36, " that our Com ai 
 ** ihe Revoluli^fj V/2LS augnriCiited to eighteen Millions, 
 
 
 C( 
 
 (C 
 
 CC 
 
 cc 
 
 i£ 
 
 9 
 
1 
 
 (( 
 
 cc 
 
 (C 
 
 <c 
 
 (C 
 
 tc 
 
 (C 
 
 'a 
 
 ( m) . 
 
 ** fa hundred thou/and Pounds Sterling " ; fuch z 
 Sum had a flourifliing Trade (which King Charles 
 was ever careful to encourage) brought into die 
 Kingdom. If the Cafe be ditFcrent now i if our 
 Coin diminiflies, our Manufadures fail, and our 
 Trade decays, the fame Dr. Davenanl afTigns a 
 Reafon in his Effay o?i the Methods to make a People 
 Gainers in the Ballance of ^^rade, p. i68. *' This 
 (fays he) may be laid down for a certain Truth, 
 that England \\\\\ never flourilh in Trade and Ma- 
 nufadurcs, till the grcateft Part of them (/. e^ 
 our Funds for paying Debts) are cleared, and 
 till our Affairs are brought to fuch a Pofture, 
 that we may not pay ♦^o the Government, either 
 for the Support of the Crown, or on Accompt 
 *' of Funds, when', the Principal is funk, above 
 " 2,300,000/. per Annum \ which was our Con- 
 " dition before the War," (which began at the Re- 
 volution.) Flow remote a Profpe6l we have of bring- 
 ing Things to that pafs, is evident to every one 
 who confiders that, befides the Taxes afTigned for 
 diicharging the Intereft of Debts, and the finkino- 
 Fund intended for paying off" the Principal, which 
 raife above 3,600,000 /. a Year ; and thofe appro- 
 priated to an h'gher Civil Lift, than was '^ver 
 known in former Times, we fc^ldom pay h\'3> than 
 two MiHions every Year to maintain an ufclels 
 Standing- Army, and to fupport the Fleet and other 
 Public Charges -, and upon an extraordinary Occafion, 
 as particularly this Year, no lefs than 'Ten Millions 
 Sterling is pn all thcfe Accounts raifed on the Na- 
 tion. But how unlikely Idever it be, every Lover 
 of his Country ought to employ his Though .s, 
 and ufe his Endeavours for bringing it to that hap- 
 py State. 
 
 The By-Stauder^ p. c^c)^ tells us, i-fiat the Re- 
 venue for the Civil Liih and the Pubhv. Charges of 
 the Government ar the Time ofKingJ^w^j's Abdi- 
 cation, 
 
 
 n 1 
 
 >-f 
 
 If \ 
 
 i f 
 
 .ill 
 
'0 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 ( 174 ) ^ 
 
 cuion, amounted In all to Two Millions ^ Sixfy-one 
 T.'houfand^ two Hundred Fifty-five Pounds : Yet even 
 in this he exceeds, in Compliance with an unfortu^ 
 nate Kabir which will not allow him to ftate any 
 Thing truly. The corredling his falfe Calculations 
 in the former Reign, hath taken up fo much Time, 
 that I fliall only on this Occafion obferve, that he 
 Icems to have taken his Account of the 6th, 7th and 
 8th Articles, relating to the I.npoft on Wines and 
 Vinegar, Tobacco and Sugar, French I i; en. Bran- 
 dy and Silk, from the Journal of the Commons of 
 March I, 1688-9; where (abating the odd Shil- 
 lings) they are computed refpeftively as he charges 
 ;hem ; only it is not faid that they produced thbfe 
 Sums cxclufive of the Cha^^ge of Colle^^ -on 5 that 
 the fame Journal affirms the Medium o{ v,i whole 
 lixcii'e in King James\ tour Years, was 610,486/. 
 a Year, that of the Foli-Offioc «i 5,000/. and thit 
 of Hearch-Moncy 200,000/. and the tmall 
 Branches (of which the Wine- Licences are part) 
 26,350/; fo that dcdudting 55i^gy I. overcharged 
 in the 2d Article of the Excife ; 45,000 /. out of 
 the Hearth-Money ; 10,000/. out of the Poft-Of- 
 fice, and 43,650/. out of the fmall Branches and 
 Wine-LJcences ; King James's Revenue will be re- 
 duced to 1,907,308 /, a Year. It appears likewife 
 from the Journals of March 20, and y^pril 27, that 
 the conllant annual Expence of King James in the 
 G'-'^ernmenr, was about 1,700,000/. a Year; the 
 Particulars whereof are there Ipccified ; befides 
 50,000/. a Year to the Qiieen Confort ; 18,200/. 
 to Queen Dowager, and 40,000/. a Year to the 
 Prince aiul Printers of Denmark; in all 1,808,200/. 
 a Year. To which it muR: be added, that the Im- 
 poti on Tobacco and Sugars, was granted chiefly 
 to difcharge the D.:;bts due at King G6(:zr/(?i's Death 
 to his S.rvants; and it appears from the Jour- 
 nal of July 19, 1689, that 300,000/. of thefe 
 
 Dwbts 
 
 ' 
 
 V 
 
 n 
 c 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 a 
 
 V 
 
 ii 
 b 
 f( 
 a; 
 
Debts had been paid by King Jiv^^es out of this Im* 
 poft. The others upon Wine and French Linen, 
 were given either for the King's extraordinary , 
 Charges in fupprcfllng MontncUib*s Rebellion, or 
 for Repairs of the Navy, and iupplying the Stores 
 which were exhauded •, and how carefully they were 
 employed for this Purpofe, appears clearly from a 
 Book called. The Oeconomy of his Majefty*s Navy* 
 Office^ wrote by an OlHcer of the Navy, and print- 
 ed in 1717 » at a Time when no OlBcer could make 
 his Court by Ipeaking advantageoully of King 
 Jt'mes II : Yet this Author tells us, " that the 
 " whole Navy was fully repaired by tliatKing, and 
 '* a compleat Provifion of 8 Months Sea Stores 
 " a6lually provided, and left in diltin6l and proper 
 " Repofitorics for each Ship fo repaired. Bcfides 
 *' there was laid up in Magazine liich a further 
 " Refcrve, for aniwering the general Service op 
 the Navy, as amounted in 8 Species only there- 
 of (being all Foreign Commodities and of the 
 higheft importance, viz. Hemp, Pitch, Tar, 
 Rofin, Canvas,. Iron, Oil and Wood) to above 
 100,000/: And more Magazines erc<5led for ^ 
 " prcferving of the fliid Stores, than had everk-en 
 " before by all the Kings of England put toge- 
 «« ther." . -I . ,f. . ' • . V 
 
 The Houfe of Commons of that King's Time, 
 was perhaps the beft conflituted of any that ever 
 met in England^ not only with Regard ro the merit 
 of the IMcmbers, but in Refpc6t of thcr Qualities 
 and Efratcs, it being compofed chief y of Gentle- 
 men of die moil antient Families in the Kingdom, ■ 
 and who had the natural Interelt of the Places for 
 which they fcrved. This Parliament well know- . 
 ing the Dlftrefles to which King Charles had • 
 been put through the DcficicriCy of his Revenue, re- . 
 foived to make it up to his Brother, fo that it might 
 anfwcr the neccflary Charges of the Government)^ 
 2 ,. :. , ■ and 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 (C 
 
 (C 
 
 <c 
 
 
 M 
 
 (1 
 
N' 
 
 
 ( ^7^ ) 
 
 ind (befidesthe Impofts on Wines, Tobacco and 
 French Linen, which were only Tcniporary, and 
 for a few Years to fupply his extraordinat-y Occa- 
 fions) gave him the additional Excife added to tht 
 former ordinary Re\Tnuc for his Life. The Ex- 
 cife had been taken out of Farm In tRe two laft 
 Years of King Charles^ and began to be improved : 
 It was in King James*s Time ftill morfe improved 
 by Mant^ement, and yielded 148,789/. 4J. lod, 
 more than it did in his Brother's Reign t And yet 
 with this Improvement, and the additional Excifcj 
 Ms whole ordinary Revenue amounted but to a little 
 - lore than 1,400,000/, a Year ; a Burthen which; 
 ihough Hearth-Money made a Part of it, the Na- 
 tion would hardly now-a-days think to be infupport- 
 able. 
 
 I have fully fhewh what King Charles fufFered 
 from the Deficiency of his ; and fhall be al-vayS 
 teady to maintain the Pofition I have advanced, that 
 there is not a Step in his Reign; by \(rhich it can be 
 pretended the Nation fufFered either in its Intereft 
 or Glory, but was purely the Refull: of thofe Ne- 
 ceffi^ies, in which I have fliewh how he was involv- 
 ed. It; was Indignation to fee his Memory fo un- 
 worthily treated, that hath now made me take Pen 
 in Hand to do Juftice to the Condud of the mofl: 
 amiable Prince that ever fate upon the Englijh 
 Throne, from whofe Prefencej whilft livi/igj no 
 Man ever went away difobliged. And if the By- 
 Slander in the 2d Part of his Performance; with 
 which he threatens the World, fliould think fit tO 
 cxercife his Talent of Mifreprefentation upon him 
 again, he muft not be furprized, if a Perfon, who 
 engages in the Vindication of deceafed Princes with 
 as much Zeal, as ever prompted the moft obfequi- 
 ous Flatterer in any Age to make his Court to the 
 Living, fliail call him to the like Accompt, as he 
 lias done now •, and if that Writer, in his FondnelS 
 „^-. for 
 
 ^ 
 
( m^ 
 
 for Comparlfons, fhall be minded to indulge his 
 Gout farther in that Refpec?:, I lliall not decline the 
 Tafk put upon me, however odious it is generally 
 deemed, but fhall wait upon him throughout. 
 
 I have now done with his Calculations, fo far as 
 they are founded upon any Pretence of Fads ; and 
 having refuted them, it would be too much to ex- 
 peft I fhould go through the Drudgery of examin- 
 ing his Vifionary Ones, which havT no Being or 
 Foundation, but in his own Imagination ; fuch as 
 his Suppofition, 'pag. 5^' ^^ ^ Lord of a Manor 
 and his Cottagers. All the Argument that he forms 
 irom thence, is grounded upon another Suppo- 
 fition, viz. that the People of England are grown 
 richer fince the Revolution than they were before it; 
 a Suppofition, which, to their Sorrow, they can- 
 not take for granted, becaufe they generally feel the 
 contrary. A Man muft be an utter Stranger to 
 this City, that does not know the Decay of Trade, 
 and to the Kingdom, if he does not fee an univerfai 
 Face of Poverty upon the common People. The 
 Wealth of a Nation is finite, as well as that of par- 
 ticular Pcrfons : And *tis really amazing how cither 
 could hold out, without being quite exhaufted, un- 
 der fuch a Burden of Debts and Taxes, as we have 
 been contracting, or have fuffercd for above half a 
 Century. 'Tis thcfe have almoft ruined our Trade 
 and Manufactures ; and if no W;iy be found, or Care 
 taken to reduce them, they mu(l at lalt make the 
 Nation itfelf Bankrupt. In the mean Time, Par- 
 ticulars among all Orders of Men, feci the unhap- 
 py Effedls thereof in their Impovcrifliinenti the 
 Hulbandman throws up his Farm, unable to occu- 
 py it longer; the Manufaciurt-r wants a Vent for 
 his Goods or Employment to get his Living-, the 
 lefler Tradefman tails, and the great Merchant 
 leaves ofiBufi nefs^ vainly wiHiing to refume it in 
 Times more favourable to Comir.crcv. Tlicre were 
 
 A a ccm- 
 
 
computed laft Year in the Weft^ above an hundred 
 thouland Workmen in the Woollen Mann failure, 
 than were ftarving with their Families for want of 
 Work. This has raifed the Poor Rates to fuch a 
 Di'grec, that in Ibme Places, as at Stroud in Glo- 
 ceftcrjlolre^ ihey pay Twelve Shillings and Sixpence 
 jn the Found to the Poor : And Gentlemen in thofe 
 Parts would be glad to afTign over their Eftates to 
 receive but one quarter of their Value, clear of this 
 and all other Taxc^s. When a Manufiidlure decays, 
 the Towns whcr«j it ufed to fiourifli are always fure 
 to luiTer in this Refped; but the Calamity is not 
 nov/ conHned to them ; it is become much more 
 general, and the Poor Rates are vaftly increafed all 
 over the Kingdom. Gentlemen of great Eftates 
 fuffcr, as well as others, in the general Diflrefs; 
 they fuffcr in the Lois of their Rents, in their 
 Lands being thrown upon their Hands, in the Price 
 of every I'hing that they purchafe for the NecefTi- 
 ties or Convenience of human Life. Before the 
 Revolution, a Gentleman could keep a more plenti- 
 ful Houle, and provide better for his Children, with 
 an Eftatc of 500 /. a Year, than he can do now 
 with 1500/; and yet the Neighbourhood is apt to 
 expcdt he fhould live on the flime Eftate as hofpita- 
 bly as any of hio Anceftors did form.erly ; not con- 
 fidering what vail Dalu6lions go out of it now, to 
 which they were utter Strangers. Gentlemen like- 
 wife are but too apt to fall themfelves into the fame 
 Millake , which has often proved fatal to them, 
 and caufed, or at lead haftened, the Ruin of abun- 
 dance of ancient Families. Their Lands may be 
 the fame, and their Rental equal to that of their 
 Fathers ii; King Charles^ Time •, but as the Price of 
 all Things, that arinot the Produ6l of their Lands, 
 is generally double now to what it was in thojc 
 Days, tiiL'ir Eltates can purchafe but half the Quan- 
 ticy thereof and confequently are diminilhed one 
 
 half 
 
 ^. 
 
Irt 
 
 
 
 ( ^79 ) 
 
 half in their Prodtufl, as to all the Conveniencies of 
 Life. TJicy (houlcl confider the Land-Tax and tlic 
 Poor Ratts, as io many real Mortgages on their 
 Eftatcs i for fuch they are in EfFcdt, and (what is 
 worfe) not redeemable at Pleafure, but likely to be 
 continued down as a Rent-Charge upon their Pofte- 
 rity. For unlefs fomc efFedual Method be taken to 
 pay off the Debts, and leffen the conflant ordinary 
 Charge of the Government,of which there is but little 
 Profpedl •, or unlefs fome extraordinary Genius fhould 
 iind out Ways and Means, beyond the Conception 
 of our Modern Proje6tors, to maintain Fleets and 
 Standing-Armies, and provide for other conllant 
 Annual Services, without the Help of Land and 
 Malt-Taxes, thefe Charges mud in all Appearance 
 be tranfmittcd down to fucceeding Generations. > 
 This, however it may defer vc every Gentlen^.an's 
 ferious Reflection, is too melancholly a Subjec^l for a 
 "Writer to dwell on ; and yet that which the By- 
 Slander puts me next upon confidering, is not either 
 lefs dcferving of every Man's Attendon, or lefs un- 
 comfortable in the Apprehenfions it may naturally 
 create,! mean the excelfive Height to which the Power 
 and Influence of the Crown is rifen of late Years, 
 efpecially fince the Revolution. This appears in 
 fome Meafure from what hath been already faid 
 of thf great Increafe of the Civil Lifl:, and the im- 
 menfe Sums of Money raifed u[)on the People fince 
 that T^ra •, the Management whereof has been put 
 entirely into the Hands of the Crown, without any 
 Reftraint from thofe Urid: Methods of Enquiry into 
 the Difpofal thereof, whicii were ufed formerly •, and 
 thus its Po-ji'er of Mmey is vaftly increased : Whillt 
 the Nation, lo^Jed with an infup}/>rtable of Burden 
 Debts, and exhaafted by continual Payinentsand Con- 
 tributions, which tiiey have as little Hojxrs of feeing 
 ceafe to be r:ufed, as the hav Abilities to btar, is 
 falling into a r^^nera" Dc jondcncy, and a State of 
 
 A a 2 utter 
 
 ^'U 
 
 %l 
 
 I 
 
t 
 
 I; 
 
 ( 180 ) 
 
 Utter Impovcrifhment. It will appear flill more 
 plainly, if we compare our ancient Conflitiirion with 
 the prefent, and confider the varioui, Alterations, 
 that have happened from time to timr in the Af- 
 fairs, Situation, and Condition of the Kingdom. 
 
 In the Saxon Times, the King was Sovereign, as 
 "well in the Lcgiflatiire as in the Adminiftration ; 
 yet no Laws were macle but in a Common Council 
 of the Realm -, and the principal Parts of the Ad- 
 miniilration were in the Hands of the People, tho* 
 the King diredlcd and fupervifed the whole. For 
 Juftice was adminiftered by Lords of Mannors to 
 their Tenants, (which 'Tacitus tells us was the uni- 
 verfal Method among the Germans in his Time,) 
 and to all Perfons whatever in the Hundred and the 
 County-Courts, where the Suitors and Freeholders 
 were Judges. In thofe Days the Sheriff and the Co- 
 roners were the Ordinary, and perhaps the only, 
 Confervators or Juftices of the Peace in each Coun- 
 ty. As for common Nulances and Felonies, they 
 were all cognizable, and determined by the Sheriff 
 in his Tourn, except in Cafe of the Death of a Man ; 
 in which the Coroner was Judge fuper vifum Corpo- 
 ris ; as he was likewife in other Cafes, whenever 
 there lay a legal Exception againft the Sheriff, whofe 
 ordinary Lieutenant he was on fuch Occafions, as 
 Lord Coke tells us, Injl. 4. ch. 52 ^"^ 55' Now 
 thefe Confervators, the Coroners, and the Sheriffs, 
 were all eleded by the Freeholders of the feveral 
 Counties ; fo that in a Manner the whole Fower of 
 the Magiilracy, the Diftribution of Juftice, and 
 the Execution of the Laws, in civil and criminal 
 Cafes, was in the Difpofal of the People. Nor was 
 it otherwife in the Cafe even of the military Power ; 
 For though the King was at the Plead of it, and 
 could appoint a General in chief to command the 
 Forces ot various Counties drawn together to op- 
 pofc an Enemy 5 yet in each County the Forces 
 
 there 
 
cc 
 
 <c 
 
 cc 
 
 ( '8' ) 
 
 there raifed were commanded by the IleterocheSy who 
 were chofen by the Freeholders ; as appears from 
 the Laws of King Edward^ cap. de Heterochiis, 
 Accordingly Sir E. Coke, in his Comment on the 
 firft Statute of JVeJlminJler^ ch. lo. />. 175. alTures 
 us, " That the Heterocbes among the Engltjh Saxons^ 
 " (which the Latins called BuSiores exercitus, and 
 " the Gauls ftiled Conftables or Marelchals of the 
 Army,) were chofen by Common Council thro* 
 the Provinces, and in each County in a full Folke- 
 mete ; as the Sheriffs of Counties ufcd alfo to be 
 " chofen". By this means was the greatefl Part of 
 the Military Power, as well as the Civil, veiled in 
 the People ; who were the more ready and capable 
 of exerting both upon any Occafion, in virtue of a 
 means of Union, which then prevailed and was 
 cftabliflied by Law all over the Kingdom, 1 mean 
 the Inftitution and UHigc of Frank-pledges. This 
 was an excellent Inftitution, and in Virtue thereof 
 all the People of England were in every County, 
 Hundred, and Tything, united together in a Band 
 of Confederacy •, and thereby engaged and refolved 
 to ftand by one another in the Defence of their Li- 
 berties ; which were by thefe Means fo effl-c^lually fe- 
 cured from all Invafion, that the Hiftory of thofe 
 Times fcarce affords us a finglc Inffance of any At- 
 tempt of that Nature. 
 
 Our Conftitution fufixfrcd in this Rcfpe^l, more 
 remarkably than in any other, by the Altcrarions 
 made in it attheConqueft •, the Inftitution of Frank- 
 pledges being then entirely abolidied. The military 
 rower underwent alfo fome Alteration •, being put 
 into other Hands, though it ftill remained in tiiofe 
 of the Subjcc^l. The great Difference was, that, 
 whereas the Commanders of Forces were before eli- 
 gible by the Counties, they fucreedcd afterwards to 
 that Authority by Right of Inheritance -, which 
 was after all, fome Security, and infinitely better 
 
 than 
 
 } W 
 
 
 •!• ♦. 
 
 f 
 
 1^ 
 
 1 L 
 
 > -fi 
 
II 
 
 ( '82 ) 
 
 than to have them appointed and removed at PIcu- 
 fure. h^illiam the Firft diftributed all the Lcimls in 
 England^ (except his ownDcmcfnes,) among his Fol- 
 lowers, who held them to themlelves and their 
 Hc';s, generally by Knights Service ; but though 
 cheir Tenure obliged them to follow the King in 
 his Wars, they did not think it obliged tlicm to 
 fubmit to be Slaves, after having affiftcd him with 
 the Hazard of their Lives to reduce the Nation to 
 his Obedience. They formed indeed the military 
 Power of the Kingdom •, but this being annexed to 
 their Eftates, and both tranfmitted by hereditary 
 Right to their Defcendants, they were as tenacious 
 of their Rights and Libertifis, and as zealous in de- 
 fending them, as the Saxons had ever been. The 
 great Offices of the Crown, particularly thofe of 
 Conftable and Marfhal, to whom the chief Com- 
 mand of Armies appertained of right in Virtue of 
 thofe Offices, were alio hereditary. There were al- 
 fo various Counties Palatine erected j fuchas Chefter^ 
 Cornwall^ Lancajier^ and afterwards Ely^ Durbamy 
 Pembroke^ i£c. the Earls or Chiefs whereof enjoyed 
 as ample an Authority within their refpeftive Di- 
 llridls, as tiie King himfelf did in the rell.of the 
 Kingdom. Several likewife of the Lords of the 
 Marches, as well towards JVales as Scotland, enjoyed 
 the Hke Royalties, and vvere able fingly at any Time 
 to draw an Army of feafoned and experienced vVar- 
 riors into the Field. The other Barons too had 
 great Numbers of Vafilils, who were by their Te- 
 nures obliged to follow chem in War, and were fo 
 far juflified or excufed therein, that when their 
 L/)rds have been put to Death for Rebellion, they 
 have ftill been dil'mified with Impunity. Thefc 
 great Men were naturally engaged by their Interefl; 
 to prote6l their ValTals and Dependants, as well as 
 defend their ovvn Rights, againll any Oppreffion or 
 Livafion attempted by the Crown j and fuch was 
 
 their 
 
1 
 
 ( i83) 
 
 their military Power, that when'^vcr they had any 
 Occafion to contend with it, they generally got the 
 better \ as may be feen in the Hiftory of the Ba- 
 ron's Wars. 
 
 The Crown feems to have had fcarce any military 
 Power in thofe Days, but what depended on the 
 Attachment of fome of thefe Barons to tht ir Prince 5 
 iinlefs it be what our Kings derived from theCom- 
 mifllons, which they ifllied from time to time dur- 
 ing our Wars with France, (whereof we have fre- 
 quent Inftances in our Records from the Time of 
 Edward I. to the latter End of Henry VI.) to the 
 Shcrilfs, Knights, and mod confidcrable Common- 
 ers and experienced Officers, to chule, array, and 
 lead to a Rendezvous, a certain Number of Ar- 
 chers, Hoblers, and Men at Arms, in the feveral 
 Counties of the Realm. But ftill thefe CommilTa- 
 ries would fcarce have been able to have executed 
 their CommilTion without the Confent of the Ba- 
 rons in thofe Parts, who, (notwithftanding that 
 moft of the Palatinates had fallen into the Crown^ 
 and were no longer granted out, but kept united 
 therewith,) did yet continue to retain fo much of 
 the military Power, th;it three or four of them 
 joining tog( :hcr, were able to decide the Fate of 
 the Crown : as appeared in the Wars between the 
 Houlcs of J -k and T/incafter. . 
 
 The leflenihg of one Power is the aggrandizing 
 of another : And /.j;/, vVII. having ieen by late 
 Experience, how formidable that of the Lords was, 
 refolved to educe ir, in order to increafe his own. 
 He durft not atte.mpt it openly, and therefore 
 brought ir about in a ?overr Way, b) allowing them 
 a Privilege, (for whici; rhey uled formerly topuy dear 
 enoin.il,) to ahenate their Ettatcs, which were in no 
 lout, -pace of Time generally diHipatcd : And to 
 ]eh.*r' iheir Influence for the prefcnt, (by a Policy 
 not jalike what hath been praclifed in our Time 
 
 vvi:li 
 
 
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 <e^f- 
 
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( t?4 3 
 
 with regard to the Highlands of Scotland^) he en- 
 deavoured to JefTcn the Attachment of the Vaflala 
 to their Lords \ and by the famous Aft of the ele- 
 venth of his Reign, provided for their Indemnifi- 
 cation, in cafe they adhered to him or the King for 
 the 'Time being j whereby they were fecured from ail 
 Forfeiture of their I^nds, even though their Lord 
 was of the contrary Party, and they were obliged 
 by their Tenures to follow him in his Rolling, on 
 Pain of Forfeiture, if they neglecled. Hen, VIII. 
 finilhed the Work, which his Father had begun, 
 of dcmolifhing the Power of the Barons. The Bi- 
 fliops and Abbots held by Baronyy and had an inii- 
 nite Number of Vaflals } who, like thofe of r.ners, 
 were obliged to follow them or their Lieutenants 
 into the Field : And they had in all Times been 
 ftrenuous Aflertors of the Caufe of Liberty, and 
 had, on Occafions of defending it by Arms, gene- 
 rally joined with the Barons. The King got a Par- 
 liament to fupprefs all the Abbeys and Monafteries, 
 and he found himfclf Pretences and Means to get 
 almoft all the Bilhops Manors into his Hands. Thus 
 ended in a manner all the real military Power 
 of the Barons, except what remained in the Hands 
 of 2 or 3 Lords of tlie Scotch Marches^ who for- 
 feiting in the Reign of Qiieen Elizabethy it hath 
 been fince totally extinguiflied. 
 
 Henry VJII. indeed gave away, or fold for a 
 Trifle, all the Church and Abbey Lands, which 
 coming to be the Property of Commoners, ren- 
 dered them much more confiidcrable than they were 
 before, and extended their Power, particularly as 
 to the giving of Money in Parliament. Bur as the 
 Divifion of Power always makes it lels, or lefs ca- 
 pable of being exerted •, as that which in 40 or 50 
 Hands would have a mighty Influence, comes to 
 have very littje when fplit into as many Thoufands, 
 for want of Union among the Parties, through the 
 
 3 Diver- 
 
(IBs) 
 
 Divcrfity of Opinions, and tiic Difficult ier. of form- 
 ing a Concert between fuch Numbers, and from the 
 Want of that Reputation, which the declaring of 
 one of thofe great Lords atitiently gave to a Caufe, 
 and which encouraged others to join in it, the mili- 
 tary Power vefted in the Barons did not defcend 
 with their Lands to the Commoners, but became a 
 great AccefTion to the royal Authority. The Lords 
 indeed, who ftill retained their Ethtes, and did not 
 leave off at once all their ancient Cuftoms, but kept 
 up the ancient Hofpitality, and made their Houles 
 the Academies^ where all the young Gentlemen in 
 the Neighbourhood received their Education, we-e 
 taught to ride the great Horfe, and bred up in all 
 warlike Exercifes, (which formed in the Gentry aii 
 early Attachment to a great Family, and was. one 
 Reafon of the great Intereft which the M. of New- 
 f^/^ appeared in 1641, to have in the Northern 
 Counties, as it likewife gave the Gentlemen fuch a 
 Gout for Martial Affairs, that it became a Fafhion 
 to go Volunticrs into a foreign Service to perfeft 
 themfelves in the Art of War,) did, for a Time, 
 keep up a confiderable Intereft in their Neighbour- 
 hoods. But the Troubles of 1641 putting an End 
 to every Thing of this Nature •, the Rump Parlia- 
 ment firft fuppreffing the Court of Wards, and all 
 Tenures by Chivalry ; and the Convention at the 
 Reftoration abolifhing them for ever, and thereby 
 taking off all the Obligation which arofe from thqir 
 Tenures to inftru6l themfelves in military Exercife?, ' 
 a very different Spirit has fince pofTefTcd the Minds 
 of the Gentry of England ; the Nobility contented 
 to hold their Lands by a bafe Tenure, and forget- 
 ting, as it were, that they once held by Birony, 
 have altered the Condition of their Eftarcs, fetting 
 them now at a Rack-Rent, as if nothing was valua- 
 ble but ready Money ; and Tenants paying the full 
 Value of their Parm*^, fcirce think thcmillvcs ob- 
 
 ! 
 
 ^' fi 
 
( j86) 
 
 liged to their Landlord. By thefe Means chiefly are 
 Things come to fuch a PaIs, that fcarce a Peer, or 
 a Gcntlenian, hath any Influence in the Kingdom, 
 but what he derives purely from his Reputation, 
 and the good WiU which the Opinion of his Inte- 
 grity and Virtue may procure him among the Peo- 
 ple: And thus is it, that all the military Power in 
 the Nation is come at laft to center in the Crown. 
 
 As to the civil Power, it did not at firft receive 
 rnu-h Alteration by the Conqueft* Lords of Ma,- 
 nors continued toexcrcile their Jurifdidtion over their 
 Vafifals in ail civil and criminal Matters as ufual, 
 c.ipiral Cifcs not excepted : Thel-Jundred and Coun- 
 ty-Courts, and the Sheriff's Tottrn (till fubfided, with 
 their formL-r Jurifdidions. The Lords of Counties 
 Palatine had as much Authority independant of the 
 Crown in civil Matters, as they had in Military ; 
 and Mr. Madox tells us in his Baronia Anglica^ pag. 
 154, " That fevcral of the I^rds of the Marches 
 enjoyed great Franchifes in their Seigneuries, and 
 even a Regality which made their Seigneuries 
 look like Palatinates, e. g. They had the firft 
 Cognizance of all Caufes and Plaints within their 
 Lordlhips ; they had their Chancery, Jufticiers 
 and other great Officers, with an extenfivc Jurif- 
 didtion belonging to the chief Court of their Ho- 
 " nour." There lay an Appeal indeed from thefe- 
 to the King's Court -, but it could not be admitted 
 there without bting paid for, and the Fines were 
 lc)metimes heavy enough. There were for this Reafon 
 the fewer Appeals ; and they were generally Gentle- 
 men of Quality and Edates that brought their Dif- 
 putes thither to be detefmined : The common Peo- 
 ple had Juftice done them nearer Home. The Con- 
 queror's Grants had been very extcnfive. Hundreds 
 of Manors being in many Cafes granted to one 
 Perlbn ; but thefe vafl Eftates coming to be ihared 
 among feveral Co-heirs, or Parcels thereof conveyed 
 
 (( 
 
 tc 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 cc 
 
 Cfc 
 
 ♦ 
 
 a 
 
 d 
 
 ■ T. \r^- *^|^ -^- fc^ ™ . •■i* jif -w •^ ■ 
 
 to 
 
n 
 
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 m . 
 
 {if 
 
 ( 187 ) 
 
 to others, Caufes came in Time to be multiplied, 
 and the King's Court had fo much Bufinefs, that at 
 the general Defire of the Kingdom, as appears by 
 Magna Carta^ a particular Court was afligned for 
 Common Pleas to fit at Weftm'mfter \ and foon afcar 
 the King*s Bench was made fedentary too, and all 
 our Courts of Law eftablifhed by Edward I. in the 
 like Form as they are at prefent. Theftf, out of a 
 Defire to enlarge their Jurifdicftion, and by fome Pre- 
 tence and Means or other, have noA^ engiolfcd in a 
 manner all Law Bufinefs to themlelves, the CoutLs 
 of the Conlbble and Marflial being almoft anti- 
 quated, that of the Admiralty impaired in its Ju- 
 rifdiflion, and thofe of the Hundred and County 
 being grown in a manner ufelefs, through the great 
 Plenty of Money brought in the laft 200 Years into 
 Europe^ which has made 40 j. (to Suits of which 
 Valu6 their Jurifdidlion is generally confined,) a meer 
 Trifle, though it was worth more formerly than 
 20/. is now i fo that at prefent all the Jultice di- 
 flributed in the Kingdom is vefted in the King's 
 Courts. . W" 
 
 The High Sheriff, the Coroners, and the Con- 
 fervators of the Peace continued for fome Time af- 
 ter the Conquefl: ro be eledled by the Freeholders of 
 each County j and becaufe thefe were eligible. Sir 
 Edw, Coke fays, Inft, 2. />. 176, the firft Statute of 
 Wefiminfler provided, that Elections jhould be freely 
 made. " The Coroner (fays the fame Author, InJL 
 4. cap. 59. p. 271.) is eligible by the Fret- hold cls 
 of the County, and fo continues to this Day ; as 
 " of ancient Time the Sherift' and the Confervatons 
 of the Peace were, becaufe the People had a 
 great Intcreft and Safety in the due Execution ci' 
 their Offices j and fo long as they were eligible, 
 they continued notwithftanding the D-tnile of 
 ** the King, as the Coroner doth to this Day'*. Sir 
 Henry Spelmany in his Gfoflary under the Word Vicc- 
 
 D b 2 comes 
 
 <,( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 tc 
 
 (( 
 
 <( 
 
( «88 ) 
 
 comes^ afferts with reaird to Sheriffs, that they were - 
 andently chofen by the Freeholders in a full County 
 Court. To the (ame Purpofe fays Lambard in his 
 Eirenarcbay p. i6. " iVs the Sheriflfs wereancient- 
 •' ly chofen, and the Coroners yet be, fo certain 
 ** Perfons were wont to be elefted Confervators of 
 *' the Peade in full County before the Sheriff: And 
 *' of this I have feen certain Records in the Pa- 
 " tent-Roll of 5 Edw. I. running in this Courfe ; 
 •* I. a Writ to the Sheriff of Norfolk^ command- 
 • " ing him to chufe in a full County one de probiori- 
 ' *' bus ^ potentioribus of his County, to be Guar- 
 ** dian or Confervator of the Peace i ?.. a Writdi- 
 *' redted to the Bailiffs and Liegemen of the fame 
 ** County, that they Ihould appear at the County 
 ** Court to make the Eleftion ; and gdly, another 
 ** to the Confervator ele<5led, John k Breturiy* 
 which is recited by the Author at length, and 
 bears Date 2 Sept. 5 Edw. I. So alfo the great O- 
 racie of the Law before quoted, in his Inft. 2. and 
 Comment on the Sttuate of tFeJtminJler^ i. c. 10. 
 ** The Coroner ever was, and ftill is, eligible by 
 *' the Freeholders upon the King's Writ de Coro- 
 mtore eligendo^ becaufe both the King and Country 
 had a great Intereft and Benefit in the due Exe- 
 cution of his Office, and therefore the Common 
 Law gave the Freeholders the Ele^ion of him ; 
 ** and for the fame Reafon, of ancient Time the 
 *' Sheriffs who had Cufiodiam Comitatus was alfo eli- 
 *' gible ; and for the fame Caufe were alfo the Con • 
 " fcrvators of the Peace^ and the Verderers of the 
 *' Foreft fo chofen." And to the fame Purpofe in his 
 Comment on the Statute A'tictdi fupcr Chartas^ c. 8. 
 *' of ancient Times before the making of this Ad, 
 '* fuch Officers as were inftituted either for the Prc- 
 " fefvation of the Peace of a County, or for the 
 ** Execution of Jullice, becaufe it concerned the 
 *' Siibjc^s of that Coun'y, and they had a great 
 
 • " Intereft 
 
 «( 
 
 «( 
 
 i< 
 
 «c 
 
«i 
 
 (189) 
 
 Intercft in the juft and due Execution of their 
 " fevcral Places, were by feme ot the King*s Wric 
 •* chofe ill full County by the Freeholders". And 
 as to the manner of this Eledion, Horne^ who was 
 perfectly well verfed in all the ancient Cuftoms of 
 this Realm, and wrote his Book in the Time of 
 Edw. I. fays in his Mirrour^ r. i. §. 3. " That 
 *' Sheriffs v/ere chdfen by a Writ dire(5led to the Co- 
 " roner, and the Confcrvators of the Peace by Writ 
 ,« direaed to the Sheriff." 
 
 But thefe Rights of the Freeholders did not re- 
 main long after the Conquefl without being en- 
 croached upon, tho* William I. had confirmed the 
 greateft part of \.\\t Saxon Laws, and Henry I. had 
 reftored them all in general. When Princes have a 
 Mind to alTume a Power, they feldom are at a Lois 
 for Pretences. Thus to the Sheriffs ancient Right 
 of guarding the County, preferving its Peace, judg- 
 ing in the Tourn, and prefiding in the County 
 Court, they fuperadded the Charge of colledling 
 the Fee-Farm P-ents, and levying the Fines, A- 
 mercements, Scutages, and other Dues and Branch- 
 es of the Revenue ; and then began to confider him 
 as much an Officer of the Crown, as he had ever 
 been before of the Country. .This was followed by 
 a Nomination of the Sheriff in fome Counties, and 
 with the Grant of an hereditary Shrievalry in others, 
 which laft being made to fome great Man who had 
 large PofTefTions in a County, engaged him by In- 
 terefl to fupport this Invafion of the Rights of Free- 
 holders, who being few in Number, and feeing the 
 Charge put into fo good Hands, fubmitted the more 
 eafily to a Change, 'till they found it attended with 
 fome Inconvenience. This I fuppofe to be the Cale 
 v/hcn the Commons of England^ in the Parliament 
 of 28 EdwA. {A, D. 1300.) petitioned the King 
 for reftoring to his People the Election of Sheriffs, 
 That great Prince, who of all our Kings, befl un- 
 .--.i t derflocd 
 
 S' 
 
( I90 ) 
 
 derflood the Arts of Government, and ever confult- 
 ed the good of his People, provided accordingly by 
 the Statute of Articuli fuper Cartas^ that the Com^ 
 mons fhoitU have the Elecfion of Sheriffs in every 
 Shire, where the Sh»-icvalty was not Of Fee : And fo 
 ft J-cmained tiH the turbulent Reign of his SuccfclTbr ; 
 m whole 9th Year, by a Parliament held at Lin- 
 colUj the Nomination of Sheriffs was left to the 
 Chancellor, Treafurer, Barons of the Exchequer^ 
 and Judges-, with a Reftridtion that no Bailiff or 
 Steward of a great Lord Ihould be appointed, nor 
 any but who had a fuflicient Eftate within the Shire. 
 It was afterwards ordained by Statute 12 Rich. If. 
 r. 2. that the great Officers of the Crown, and all the 
 Judges Ihould be called to the naming of Sheriffs, 
 and be fwom not to ordain, name or make them by 
 any Gift or Brocage, Favour or Affedtion ; but they 
 Ihould be of the mofl lawful and fufficient Men, to 
 their Eftimation and Knowledge. What made the 
 Commons the more eafily content themfelves with 
 llich Reftridions, and confent to this Regulation, 
 -was probably the Aflfurance they had of their regu- 
 lar meedng in Parliament, for the Redrefs of any 
 Grievance, by the late fixing of their Reprefentation 
 by Edzv.l. in fuch a wife Proportion of the Num- 
 bers of Reprfentatives for the Counties, great 
 Towns, and lefler Boroughs, as continued to the 
 great Happinefs of this Nation, till the beginning of 
 Queen Elizabeth's Reign \ between which Time and 
 the Death of King Charles I. that Proportion was 
 gradually altered, till at la(t it was entirely deftroy- 
 cd by the Addition of 250 Reprefentatives of poor 
 inconfiderablc Boroughs; the Venality whereof 
 bath expofed us to all the Evils of a general Cor- ; 
 ruption, the greatcfl Grievance that any Nation can 
 poflibly labour under, and which cannot fail of be- 
 ing the Ruin of this, if nor fpsedily remedied. 
 
 The 
 
 1 
 
 L^ 
 
( i9» y 
 
 The Coroner having no Addition to the ancient 
 Powers of his Office, it continued Ele(5livc, as it 
 was originally : And To did that ot the ordinary 
 Confervators or Juftices of the Peace, for 260 Years 
 after the Conqueflt. Our Kings indeed, annexed a 
 like Power over the Kingdom in general to the 
 great Offices of the Crown, and fometimes, in a 
 particular County, to the Tenure of fome great 
 Man's Eftate therein. They likewife on extraordi- 
 nary Occafions ilTucd Commiffions to extraordinary ^ 
 Confervators, for defending the Coafts from Foreign 
 Enemies, and the Country from Domedic Infurrec-' 
 tions, with Power to call the Sheriff and PoJJe to 
 their Affillance. But this was done in very rare Inftan- * 
 ces, and the Writs (as Mr. Lamhard in his Juftice 
 of Peace, pag. 17 — 20, informs us,) iflfued out re- 
 gularly for the Eleftion of the ordinary Conferva*; 
 tors by the Freeholders, till the firft Year of Edw^t 
 II)[; wlien Queen. i/2r^^/, having depofed her Huf- 
 band, advanced her Son, a Minor, to the Throne, 
 and got a Parliament to fupport her in all her ini- 
 quitous Mcafu res, procured an A61 (i Edw. III. c. 
 15.) for the affigning in every Shire of the Realm 
 good Men and lawful (who were no Maintainers of 
 Evil nor Barretors in the County) to keep the 
 Peace, ^^s was done (fays Lombard) to prevent the 
 Rilfcue of Edw. II. who was conveyed fecretly by 
 Night from Houfe to Honfe, and from Cafile to Caftle \ and 
 for this Caufe the Election of the ordinary Confervaf^: 
 tors or Wardens of the Peace ^ was firji taken from 
 the People^ and tranflated to the Affignmcnt -of the 
 King', who began in the 34th of his Reign, to ap- 
 point them by fpecial Commiffions for each Coun- 
 ty ; foon after which they began to be commonly 
 called Juftices of -the Peace, their ordinary Stile at 
 prefent. The Commons imagining they could ea- 
 fily get any Grievance redrelTed by Parliamcnr, did 
 not appear afrcrv/ards fo follcicous ti> recover their 
 
 'H 
 
 o.vn 
 
f 
 
 ( 192 ) 
 
 own Rights, as to take care that the Power fliould 
 be lodged in proper Perfons duly qualified. For 
 this End it was provided, by 12 Rich. II. c. 10. 
 that no Steward of any Lord fliould lie in the Com- 
 mifllon of the Peace; and by 13 Rich. II. c. 7. 
 that Juftices of Peace fliould be made of the mod 
 fufficient Knights, Efquires, and Men of Law. The 
 like Provifion is made in 2 Hen. V. Pari. 2. c. i : 
 And to fecure the Obfervance thereof, it was upon 
 a Complaint of infufficient Perfons being made 
 Commiflloners of the Peace, enafted by the fame 
 Parliament, c. 2. that they fliould be afllgned by 
 the Advice of the Chancellor and tHe King's Coun- 
 cil: And by 18 Hen. VI. c. 11. that upon Notice 
 of any Juftice of Peace, who had not Lands to the 
 Value of 20 /. a Year, the Chancellor fliould put 
 another in his Place ; and for want of fufficient Per- 
 fons having Lands of that Value, he was directed to 
 appoint difcrcet Perfons learned in the L^aw, though 
 they had not Lands to that Value. It muft be ob- 
 lierved that 9.0 /. a Year was then the reputed Value 
 of a Knight's Fee, and worth 500/. or even 1000/. 
 a Year, as Lands are fet at prefent : And it was 
 certainly the Spirit and Intent of that A6t, that no- 
 body of a lefs Efl:ate, than what now, by the acci- 
 dentally increafed Plenty of Money, would {tt for 
 this laft Sum, fliould be put into the Commiflion ; 
 even though in thofe Days there were very few Per- 
 fons that had fo large an Eftate in any County. 
 
 Thus did all the Civil Power center at laft in the 
 Crown : And this Power hath been ever fince en- 
 creafing -, particularly as to Juftices of the Peace, 
 by a Cuftom of long ftanding, though introduced 
 without thinking of the Confequences, of putting 
 the Execution of all Laws and Regulations into the 
 Hands of Perfons, who had fo much of a Difcre- 
 tionary Power, even in their original Inftitution, 
 that in fome Cafes it appeared to be arbitrary. Ever 
 
 fince 
 
1 
 
 C ^93 ) 
 
 fince ,wc have had any Laws for the Maintenance gf 
 the Poor, the Jafliccs of Peace have had a Poww^ 
 of amemling the kates, and. rjiidr^fiirig any Con)T« 
 plaints of the Inequality of fuch AflclSnents io Pa- 
 riflies i but 'tis of late only that they* have afllimed s^ 
 Power oi altering the Poor Rates without any Com- 
 plaint at all, of putting in and ftriking out whom. 
 they pleated in an Eledlion-Year, in order to diP-. 
 qualify fome Pcrfons who had a right to vote in . 
 Boroughs, and afford a j^retence to qualify others . 
 who had nonej that fo Members-miabt bei returned, 
 who otherwife never would have been cnofen * a 
 Pradice which if it once beooroes general, (as na 
 Iniquity does at once, tliOugh fure to become fo> if! 
 it carries its Point* and pafles with Jmpunity,) will 
 put the EIe(5i:ions of all the Boroughs of England^ 
 where Scot and Lotmen have Votes, in the Power, 
 of Juftices of the teace, and be the utter Ruin 
 of our Cpnftitution. Every Body knows ^ the dan- 
 gerous Powers put into their Hands by the Riot-, 
 A6V, and that which carries for its plaufible Tide, ^ft 
 /I5f for indemnifying Perfons, who have been guiUy of . 
 Offences againft the Lawsy made for fecuring the Re- * 
 venues of Cufioms and Excife^ &c. This Anfwer is, 
 already drawn out to a greater Length than I ex-, 
 pcdiedjand therefore I Ihall not offer to reprefent the. . 
 Confequences of thefc, nqr enumerate a great many 
 A<5ts, which otherwife are very fit to be confidered^. , 
 But let any thinking Man reflcfl feriouQy on th& 
 prodigious Number of Penal Laws made, for the 
 Security of the Government, or on other Accounts . 
 and Pretences, fincc the Revolution ; and the mul-, 
 titude of Taxes that have been laid fince that Time- 
 upon Windows, upon all excifeable and other Com- 
 Aiodides ; and an enormous AccefRon of Power, 
 and Influence over all Ranks and Orders of Men, 
 by putting the Exection of all thcfe into their, 
 Hands, hath accrued to the Juftices of Peace ; let 
 
 C c him 
 
 w 
 
 
C 194 ) 
 
 him do this, and though he be never fo brave, he 
 will be apt to tremble with Apprchcnfions of the 
 Danger to which, without a full Alfurancc of the 
 Virtue and Integrity of the Gentlemen entrufted 
 with that Office, the Lives and Liberties of all the 
 People of England would be expofed. 
 
 Jufticcs of Peace have, ever fince the People 
 parted with their Rights of eledling them, been the 
 Creatures of the Crown : They owe to its Defignation 
 alt the exorbitant Power, which is placed in their 
 Hands, and which they are ready alsv^ys to employ 
 as dircdted by the Adminiftration. Any new Truft 
 or Authority vefted in them, as they are put in and 
 removed at Pleafurc, is a proportionable AccelTion 
 to the Power of the Crown : Which hath been ag- 
 grandized in various other Manners. The Author 
 of the Jhort Hiftory of Stahdrng- Armies in En^land^ 
 published in 1698, mentions one, which is the 
 more alarming, becaufc (iis he apprehended) ic may 
 come in Time to be made a Means of Corruption, 
 even wiih Regard to Parliaments ; " the Fountain- 
 Head from whence the People expedl all their 
 Happinefs, knd the Rcdrefs of their Grievances. 
 Our Conftitution (fays he) feems to h^ve pro- 
 vided for keeping them free from Corruption, 
 by never fufFering the King to have a mercenary 
 Army to frighten them into a Compliance, nor 
 Places or Revenues great enough* to bribe them 
 '* into it. The Places in the King's Gift were but 
 ^* few, and mod of them Patent Places for IJit^ 
 ^ and the reft great Offices of State, enjoyed by 
 fingle Perfons, which feldom fell to the Share of 
 the Commons 5 . fuch as the Lords, Chancellor, 
 Trcafurer, Privy-Seal, Hi^'h- Admiral, £ffr. and 
 •' when thefe Offices were poffeflcd by the Lordsy 
 ** the Commons were fevere Inquifirors into their 
 Adions. — In thofe early Days, the Art was not 
 * found out of fplitting and multiplying Places j* 
 
 C( 
 
 it 
 
 C( 
 
 <i 
 u 
 
 «( 
 
 iC 
 
 «i 
 
 i( 
 
( '95 ) 
 
 •* a% inflead of a Lord-Tr— ^ — r, to have 5 Lords 
 
 •* of the Tr ryj inftead of a Lord- Ad J, 
 
 ** Lo ivive 7 Lords of tlic Ad ty \ to have 7 
 
 •* Comcniftioncrs of the C ms, 9 of the 
 
 '* Ex fc, 14 of the N vy-Officc, 10 of the 
 
 " St mp-Officc, 8 of the Pr ic-OfHce, i C 
 
 *' of the Coinmifljoners of Tr de, 2 of the 
 
 ** P fl-OfHce, 4 of the Tranfports, 4 for 
 
 " ridckncy- Coaches, 4 for Wine-Licences, 4 for 
 *' the Vidlual ling Office, and multit«K^e§ of other 
 ** Offices which arc endlefs ro enumerate. — —I fee 
 *' no Reafon why they may not be made twice as 
 '* many, and fo ad ivfrtitum^ unlefs theNumher be 
 " afcertaincd by Parhamcnt •, and what Danger this 
 *• may be to oar Coidlitution, I think ot witK 
 *' Horror. For if in Ages to come they fhoulcl be 
 ** all given to Parliament-Men, what will become 
 " of our To mu^h boafted Liberty ? What (hall be 
 " done when the Criminal becomes the Judge, and 
 " the Malefadlors arc left to try themftlves ? We 
 " may be fure their common Danger will unite 
 them, and they will l^and by one another. I 
 do not fpeak this by Guefs ; for I have read of 
 " a Country, where there was a conftanf Series of 
 Mifmanagement for many Years together, and 
 yet no-Body was puniflied : and even in our own 
 •' Country, I believe fome Men now alive can re- 
 " member the Time, when, if the King had but/ 
 " 20 more Places in his Difpofal, or difpofed of 
 " thofe he had to the befl Advantage, the Liberty 
 *' of England had been at an End." 
 
 Thus does that Author, no lefs a Whig than Mr. 
 Trencbard^ reprefent the Danger which threatened 
 the Conftitution from the multitude of gainful Of- 
 fices in his Time, and the Difpofal thereof, fo as 
 to influence a Parliament. Whether the Evil he 
 complains of is fincc leflcned, or the Dangers he 
 apprehended removed, the World can eafily judge. 
 
 C c 2 One 
 
 C( 
 
 cc 
 
 C( 
 
 C( 
 
 1^'? 
 
, ,(.'96) 
 
 One Thing at. lead is certain, that there have been 
 a Vaft Number of new Taxes created fmce ithat 
 Time, and confequentjy^ the Number of Ot.Hcers, 
 charged in managing, or employed in colleding 
 thenii rnuft be "proportionably increafcd, Thi^ 
 mud of Courfe rncreafe the Influence of the Crown \ 
 and the Treafury having the Difpofal of all Offices 
 belonging to the Revenue, may, if they fee fit, 
 employ the greater to gainPartilans within Doors^ 
 ancl the le'ffer to corrupt People without. In all 
 Countries of the World, the Officers of the Re- 
 venue, even the inferior Ones, have great Hanks 
 over the People gpon whom it is levied •, and by 
 the Laws of the Excifc, the Officer's employed in 
 thofe Duties here, have as much Power to plague 
 all that are fubjcdl to pay any Part thereof, as in 
 any Quarter of the World whatever. This muft 
 naturally give them a great Influence on Eledions •, 
 4nd the Officers concerned in the Salt-Duties, and 
 other' Branches of the Revenue, do not faiitobefer-r 
 viceable irithe fame way ; atleaft it was public Talk 
 fbvtic Year's about Liverpool, that Ibme Hundreds of 
 them had been made free to carry an Eledion- 
 |*oint, which it was not thought convenient to truft 
 tx> other Hands, than fuch as were under the abfolute 
 Bircftion of their Superiors. This Ule of fuch 
 undcr-Officers for defeating the Freedom of Elec-^^ 
 tions, is peculiar to our Country ; for in other Coun- 
 tries, as particularly in France, they ferve for the 
 fame Porpofe as a Standing- Arnrty, ever ready at the 
 Beck of the Government, whofc Pay they receive^, 
 to fupport any Meafures taken for the enflavingof • 
 the P^le- 
 
 • They ai^e a numerous Force, unknown to out 
 Nition till' this laft Age, but not the lefs grievous^ 
 for its Novelty i they are however lefs formidablii 
 tftana Standing- Army, trained up to War, and' 
 inWred"" to ^ilood and Slaitehter, which they' are'' 
 /■;x^I;i.! ^.'i.,. :■• : •••' ^ '=^r— - taughi' ' 
 
 
 $ 3' »- 
 
■■■ 
 
 >f 
 
 ( 197 ) 
 
 taught to confider as their proper Bufioefe, and to 
 make an implicite Obedience to the Order? of their 
 fupcrior Omcer, the firlt Principle of thp^r Reli- 
 gion. The Danger of £uch a Militarry Force hath 
 been taken Notice of before;. Ifhall oni)f Qbfervc 
 now, that there are two Circun\ftances attending 
 it here, which render it more ioconvepient and danr 
 gerous in this, than in any otWrCoi^ntry wh^tcyep. 
 The one regards the common Soldiers, who are 
 lifted, not as in France and other Flakes for fix 
 Years, after which they may demand their Difmif' 
 fion, and if their Captain refufes it, may yet c^\t 
 the Service, but for the Term of their Lives 5 fc 
 that feeing themfelves fubjeded for ever to arbi-* 
 trary Oi^ders, and in that Refpedt a fort of Slaves, 
 ■without any Profpedt of Redemption, they ar^ pa- 
 turally tempted to look with Envy on the Freedom 
 pf all about them, and inclined to redvcf. their 
 Countrymen to a like Condition with thqn^f^lves. As 
 fix Years Time is more than fufficient to triaHe ar^y 
 Soldier perfcd in Difcip'ine, and as the m.ore there 
 are inftrudted in the Art of War, the better. >viJJ 
 the Nation be enabled to make Head againft a Eo^ 
 reign Enemy.: it is not eafy, if that be the only. 
 view in keeping a Standing- Army, to concebe why^ 
 Soldiers, who are weary of an idle Life, fjiould not 
 have, after fix Years Service, the fame Liberty of 
 quitting it here, as they are indulged in Franceymt 
 why any Motion fpr fuch ah Indulgence fhould be 
 rejedlcd. The other relates to the Officers, who 
 though. Members of a Or^^, maintained by the 
 . Money of the Nation, and ever deepied incompa- 
 tibl'i with its Liberti^s^ are , yet allowed tp fie, 
 in the Houfc? of Conirpons. On; this Subied I 
 rerhe timber to have heard the ate Ejsirl oi An^kfea^ 
 rielate. an Obferyation ^of < his . f atjier-in-^kw, the 
 life Lord Harderjham^ ' who ' comparing the- Po^ 
 Jkics of Oliver^ % pays. with thofe of l^t9|:,^'Ewev 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 / 11 
 
 S'' 
 
T 
 
 
 
 ( «98 ) . 
 
 ufed to give the Advantage to the latter, fn the 
 Point of managing Parliaments ; faying, " that 
 *' when Cromwell had a Mind to get them into any 
 Step they djd not like, he invefted the Houfe of 
 Commons iiO'ith a Body of Soldiers, and forced 
 ** the Members to vote as he direded ; but this 
 *' was an open Violence to the Conftitution, and 
 *' created a deal of ill Blood ; whereas later Politi- 
 *' cians had fallen into an eafier and much furer Me- 
 *' thod of carrying their Points ; for inftead of fiil- 
 •* ing the Lobby with Officers and Soldiers, they 
 *• opened the Doors of the Houfe, and let them, • 
 ** into a Place, where they could do more Mif- 
 chief by their Votes, that they were capable of 
 doing by their Arms without". , 
 
 Dangerous as Standing Armies are to the Liber-; 
 ties of a Nation, they are not more fo, in the Opi- 
 nion of fomc wife Men, than Standing Taxes may. . 
 prove ; elpecially when they produce large Supplies 
 of Money ; for Armies cannot fubfifl" unlefs they 
 are paid ; but with fuch Supplies, there is nothing 
 but they arc capable of executing. Now our Stand- 
 ing Taxes, appropriated to the Civil Lift, the 
 Sinkinjg Fund, and the Payment of the national 
 Debt, produce by common Computation ?ho\xt five 
 MiUioHs a Year ; a Sum which Sir W, Petty fays, 
 will pay 100,000 Foot, 40,000 Horfe, and 40,000/^/ 
 Seanicn for a Year. There is no Occafion for a "^ 
 Parliament to meet for granting this Sura, (ince the 
 Taxes arc laid already, and continue for Years to 
 come. Dr. Davenant long ago forefaw the Danger, 
 to which the Conftitution was expofed from this 
 Quarter ; and therefore at i Time, when only Fundi 
 df threeMillions and an half were fetded for the 
 Security of t,e'nders, he complained of it **as a 
 ^ great Defedl in our Conftitution, that fulHcienC 
 « Prdvtfion Was not made againft diverting and 
 V iTiiiapplyiiig^the public Treafure, and agaiiift' 
 ^r- *« break- 
 
( m ) 
 
 <* breaking Into appropriated Funds; and in a Word^ 
 ** that the Laws had not made it criminal enough 
 •' to ftop Payments in the Exchequer" I do not 
 believe the By-Stander can point out any new Provi- 
 fion made fince that Time *, and yet with regard to 
 the Situation of Things in 1699, ^^^^ ^'' M^ ^^ 
 the probable Methods to make a People Gainers in the 
 BaUance of Trade was printed, he expreffes himfelf 
 from p, ^69, to p, 1 74 of that Treatife to ihis Ef- 
 fedt. " Whoever confiders the vaft Number of 
 " Duties now a-foot, will find that 'tis not fmpoffi- 
 ** ble to make them the Engines, wherewith bad 
 Men fome Time or other may endeavour to un- 
 dermine our civil Rights. 'Tis true, in this 
 Reign we have no Reafon to entertain fuch a 
 Fear : But a Country that will preferve its Con- , 
 ftitution, mud provide againft remote Dangers/ 
 Suppofe then a Government in the Poflcflion of 
 fuch a large Revenue, at firft legally granted, 
 put into a Method of Colledion, and to the Pay- 
 ment of which the People fhall be accuftomed. 
 And fuppofe in fome future Reign the Minifters 
 Ihould be either weary or af^id of Parliaments, 
 and defirous to govern by the Sword and without 
 Law. That this may happen is not impoffible, 
 becaufe we have heretofore feen Statelmen fo 
 difpofed. Suppofe then an ambitious and defpe- 
 rate Sett of Men, with all thefe Thoughts about 
 them, and refolved to make their Nfiftcr abfo- 
 lute, may they not with the Help of fuch an am- 
 ple Revenue, quite overthrow our Conilitution ? 
 Arbitrary Minifters have heretofore flopped the 
 Exchequer ; and if we fhould ever fee Men of 
 the fame Stamp upon the Stage of Bufinefs, 'tis; 
 not impoflible but they may run into the fame 
 wicked Meafures, especially tf they JhouU be hacked 
 with the Support of a Standing Army, The Liber- 
 ties of a People are but in a very precarious Condi- 
 
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 « tMy kiihn tliy cm he fubverted by one pernicious 
 
 ^ M6W fnidit "be fald oh the Subjea, birt this is 
 en6Vijyi ifb'iffifc'oVir^ge rile to leave it even to the By-^ 
 SmnSer KixhkM Xo deterfnine, whet-her the Power 
 df tftfe Cfd^H M not now faifed to. a much greater 
 Hci^'^t than it ever attained before, fincc England 
 i^i ^ ifjatibn. And what Power is tTiere in the 
 Peo^J^ to bitlattce this of the Crown ? WhlJftmi-i^ 
 litdry Tehiifes f^bfifled, they were bred up in mili- 
 tary EkereiTes, trained to War, and had Arms in 
 thciirHatids: NcNv they are naked and defencelefs:, 
 iXnat-ihfed, Ondifcipli'ned, arid unexperienced. In 
 ibrrtiet* Days ihky had Leaders that underftood the 
 Art 6f Wat, ^nd that of their own Vaflals had 
 FdHofWiers eWpd^h to make up a Body of Men fuf-,v 
 ficienit to encourage others to refort to it and fornj, 
 an AVmy: Ncr«( thercf is no fuch Thing, no warlike 
 Leader, no greiit Man with fuch a following in all 
 the Kingdom. The People, now having no Head» 
 arc a'krofe Mnkitude, a Rope of Sand, and are to 
 be cotijfider^d onfly as fo many Individuals or fingle 
 PeffoHs, wirtiddt ariy means of Union apiong them.- 
 fclvcls, lin'd Without almoft any Poflibility of afling 
 in Concert •, for where there is neither Confidence 
 nor Secrecy'; wllefe in Cdnfequence of a general 
 Corni^tidn, Jealoufies are univerfally entertained 
 and havt, -gpi; Pofleflion of the Minds of Men, it is 
 impra(5t*i'<aHle for any Number of Gentlemen to 
 iheet iiiiti ^gree in Meafurcs, or to get together a 
 Bo(JJ df Men, not bound by Tenures, but perfect- 
 ly ihdcpenc^ent, ito vehture their Lives with them.. 
 A Stktidin^ Arniy carries Terror enough along with 
 it to kee;p any fuch Defign from entering into their 
 Heads, drat Je^ft hath Power more than enough 
 tocruffithtmt^ie firft Moment they attempt to put, 
 it in Execittion ', ahd if there were none, an Ad-, 
 miniftfatfionfO'extreamty" vigilant, fa fullof Sufpi- 
 
 -. cions 
 
-( — 1 ,1 .' •mim.i 
 
 ( 201 ) 
 
 cions at all Times, and fo apt to take Alarms on 
 any, even the leaft Occafion, and that harh Intelli- 
 gence from all Qjarrers, could eafily prevent any 
 Thing of that Nature, by feciiring the Perfons of 
 the fufpecled •, when a Parliament upon the leaft 
 Mefliige or Intimation of any fuch Dcfign, woiild' 
 not fail to fiifpend the great Barriers of Our Liberty, 
 the Petition of Right paflTed by Kin^ Charles I. and" 
 the Habeas Corpus A& by King Charles II'. and give 
 a Power for fcizing and detaining in Prifon whom- 
 foever the Crown fliOuld fee Reafon to faf|^6t.' 
 This we htive feen dbne fo oftert fmce' the Revolu- 
 tion, and fo conftantly, whenever it hath been de* 
 manded, without the leaft Hcfitation, or the takings 
 of any needlefs Precautions to guard againft an A- 
 bufe of fo extraordinary a Power, that there is littl© 
 room to doubt but it will be readily granted again, 
 as often as it (hall be reprefented as neceffary. I'he 
 Circumftances attending one of thele Silfpenfions,' 
 as I have h^ard them related by fome Wbrthy Mem- 
 bers of the Convention- Parliament after the Revo- 
 lution, feem fufficient to give one this Affurance •, I 
 think it was the Afi which parfed on April 2/^^ 
 1689. The Earl of Airran^ afterwards Duke //«- 
 jfiitton^ had that Day been brought by an Habeas 
 Corpus tb the King*s-Bench Bar, and moved to be" 
 bailed, but the Attorney General not being in the 
 Way, the Earl whs remanded wiih Aifiirances front 
 the Court,' that he fhou'ld be bailed on the Mormw, 
 if Mr. Attorney did not attend and fliew Caufe to 
 the Contrary. But he was di{ii|:>pointed, for thai? 
 very Afternoon a Bil'l was brought into the Houfeof 
 LoVdfs, read thrice there, lent to the Commons; 
 read thrice, paflfed', and had the royaf AflTent thaH 
 Night i fo expediiiobfly can the Houles upon OccJt-' 
 fioii pafs Bills of that Nature. In fuch Circuitj-' 
 ftantc^ of a Nation, it is not eafy to conceive, how 
 the People can befard' to have arty PoWer at alij not 
 
 D d dodn 
 
 
 % 
 
I 
 
 ( 202 ) 
 
 doth the By-Stander affign them any, unlefs it be a 
 Power of Money •, to which they have fo little Pre- 
 tcnfion at prefcnt, that it looks like Icoffing at and 
 infulting their Mifery to urge it, at a Time when 
 by a Load of Taxcs^ the Decay of Trade, and the 
 want of Vent for their Manufa(5tures, diey feem ha- 
 flening a-pace on the high Road to Poverty, and 
 all the unhappy Confequences thereof. And what- 
 ever Room there may be to difpute the Connexion 
 between fome Things that arc often tacked to (jne 
 another, there can be little Doubt, but that Beg- 
 gary and Slavery generally go together ; the one 
 treads clofc upon the Heels of the other, and they 
 are fuch near Allies and fuch conflant Companions, 
 that where the former fixes her Abode, the latter is 
 ever (ure to take up her Habitation. 
 
 There is no Way to prevent thefe, but by taking 
 effedual Meafures to put a Stop to that general Cor- 
 ruption, which all the World complains of, and 
 which, if continued, will make both inevitable ; 
 for dripped as the People are of all their ancient 
 Power, both Civil and Military, they have nothing 
 left to ballance the exceffive Power of the Crown, 
 but what they derive from their Reprefentation in 
 Parliament 5 and this, whenever Corruption pre- 
 vails there, becomes a mere Shew •, inllead of a real 
 Security, it only ferves to lull the Nation into a falfe 
 one ; Liberty runs the greateft Danger from that 
 very Quarter which ought to fupport it, and can 
 never be fo furely ruined as by us natural Guardi- 
 ans. The Nation in general feem fufficiently fenfi- 
 ble of the Danger, and have inftruded their Re- 
 prefentativcs to provide againft it by Ads, to limit 
 the Number of Placemen in the Houfe of Com- 
 mons, to incapacitate Penfioners for fitting there, 
 to prevent falle Returns of Members, and Bribery 
 and Corruption in Eledions, and to reftore Trien- 
 nial Parliaments. Thefe are all very good Things, 
 
 but 
 
■<^ 
 
 ( 203 ) 
 
 but are they adequate to the Evil ? And will thefe 
 Remedies be effecflual ? There was in the Aft for 
 fettling the Proteftant Succeffion, a very good Pro- 
 vifion made againft Placemen fitting in the Houle 
 of Commons : Yet we have feen it cither repealed 
 or explained away. Will any other Adt be more 
 facred, thaii that, which had To much of the Na- 
 ture of an original Contract ? We have known va- 
 rious Ads pals for preventing falfc Returns of Mem- 
 bers, and Bribery and Corruption in Eledlions : But 
 •did they ever effedually put a Stop to cither of thofe 
 Grievances, and have they not been conftantly evad- 
 ed ? We have had formerly A<5ts for Triennial 
 Parliaments : But have they not been repealed ? The 
 Breath of a new Parliament may, and that of a 
 corrupt one will, eafily blow away all that a good 
 one hath done in thefe Refpefts : And what Secu- 
 rity can be provided againft this Danger ? What 
 Remedy can be found for an Inconvenience, that 
 feems rooted in our Conftitution ? *^ 
 
 The By-Stander^ p, 49, ^c. fuggefts a Method 
 which he feems apprehenfive may take place, and 
 which indeed would go to the Root of that Cor- 
 ruption, which threatens the utter Ruin of our Con- 
 ftitution : *Tis the taking of the principal Part of the 
 Management of the public Revenues entirely from the 
 Crown^ and lodging it for the future in other Hands^ 
 uncontroulable iy the Crown. Such a Method is en- 
 tirely proper, and becomes abfolutely neceflary, 
 whenever the public Revenues and Charges are abuf- 
 ed, to deftroy the Freedom of Elections, to bribe 
 the Reprefentatives of the People into a Breach of 
 Truft and betraying of their Rights and Liberties, 
 to corrupt the Virtue of the Nation, and to ruin 
 that Conftitution which they were given and in- 
 tended to fupport : And I have before (hewed Pre- 
 cedents enough for it in the Reigns of K. Charles II. 
 and James I. and other Princes. The pecuniary /«- 
 
 D 2 fluence 
 
 
 
( 204 ) 
 
 fluencef]^ theCfown arifes from its Officers having 
 the entire Management of the public Revenues : 
 And if the 'Parliament fhould think fit to take it 
 into iheir own Hands, and entnift it to CommiiTi- 
 oncrs of their own Appointment, it would not only 
 prevent any ill Effedls of that Influence, but ren- 
 tier their own iBody infinitely more confiderablc. It 
 is an old Observation, that Popes h^d vaftly more 
 Writers in favour of their exorbitant Claims, than 
 ficneral Councils ihad to fupport their juft Rights ; 
 fhe Reafon of which was, that the former had a- 
 4i)undance of Pre rments to beftow, th\e latter had 
 none at aH. The Cafe is the fame between die 
 tCrown and^he Parliament -, but were the latter to 
 take the Management of the Revenues into their 
 fHands, and commit the Receipts and Iffues thereof 
 -to their own Commiflioners and Officers, they would 
 loon have as great Court made to them, as ever was 
 made to the.moft defpotic Minifler at the Head of 
 the Treafury. The Commons would have no Rca- 
 Ton to envy the Ibporior Dignity of the Lords, 
 whilft they found themfelves more capable of do- 
 -ing Good in the World, of encouraging Merit, and 
 -of reftoring the Virtue of their Country. Gentle- 
 men, and indeed all Qrciers of Men through the 
 ■Kingdom, would then endeavour todefcrve well of 
 their Country, as the only ^''ay to recommend them 
 to the Favour of Parliament for Preferment: They 
 would enjoy their Poftf -ri^ith Honour and Dignity 
 in the -Rye of the WoMj^^'and with an inexprefiible 
 Satisfadion in their wn Brealls, when they owe 
 them purely to their^^crit, and not to the dear- 
 boughc Favour of a Minilter, whofe iBenefadlions 
 are not to be obtained at a lels Rate, than the Dif- 
 ' honour of a Man's Claaradter, and the Ruin of his 
 -Virtue. This>would naturally bring the Nation to 
 ■fhat happy Pals, {o much tecommended by Dr. 
 DavenanL, in the 5th Sedioij of his Ejjay before 
 
 quoted. 
 
 k 
 
-IP*" 
 
 -^M^tt 
 
 i 
 
 (205 ) 
 
 quoted, where he proves, thai a Couniry umnot in-' 
 creafe in fVedth and Power ^ hut by private Men ia- 
 ing iheir Duty to the Public^ and by a fteady Canrfe of 
 Honefty end fVifdom in fucb as are trufied with tM 
 Adminijlration of Affairs. We have formerly feen 
 Clubs let up, of Members that declared agaii>ft ac- 
 cepting Places ; and if we i]*^nild fee any (>3mbina- 
 tions made, or Unions formed, (and what will xioc 
 Union and Perfeverance do ?) for oirrying a Poiot, 
 tending to make their Country great, wealthy, and 
 happy i and neceflary to put a Stop to a general 
 Corruption, which wiH be the Ruin of its Virtue, 
 ic will be no Deviation from tlie Indrudions of their 
 ConlUti^ents, who have \o generally and e&rneftly 
 recommended to<hera to. take eflfedlual Meafures for 
 thofe Ends. Nothing is more reafonble, than that 
 People (hould have the Management and Difpofal 
 of iheic own Money : And if the Houfe of Com- 
 mons fhould think fit to refume it into their own 
 Hands, it would not only put a Stop to Corruption 
 at once, but be likewile a rational Security againU 
 it for the future, fince they would be felons defe^ if 
 they ever parted with a Power that muft render 
 ^hem fo confiderable. 
 
 It is fit that every Body fhould have fome deter- 
 minate Ends in their AcStions, and fix on determi- 
 nate Meafures proper to advance thofe Ends : .Other- 
 wife their Conduct muft be unfteady, and no Point 
 will ever be carried. It is fit likewife, that every 
 Man ihould confider of all Means, that may con- 
 duce to the rooting out of Corruption, and the re- 
 boring of the Ballance of the Conftitution. The 
 By-Slander has offered to the Confideration of the 
 World, one Method for this Purpofe, which by in- 
 terefting the Parliament m it, may in all Likelihood 
 produce the Effedl : He hath no Reafon to take it 
 ill, if I follow his Example, and offer another, 
 which may as much intercfl their Conjiituents, It is 
 I the 
 
 
 I 
 
( 206 ) 
 
 ibe refioring to the Freeholders 'f England their an- 
 cient Right of chufmg the High Sheriffs .and Juflices 
 of Peace in the County Courts, They acquiefccd in 
 the giving up of thofc Powers, at a Time when 
 they conceived their civil Rights were fully fecured 
 by the fettled Conftitution and Incorruption of Par- 
 liaments, and by the wife Proportion, with Regard 
 to the feveral Interefts in the Kingdom, obfervcd in 
 the Numbe- ©f their Reprefentatives ; and likcwife 
 at a Time when the military Power of the Nation 
 lay chiefly in the Hands of the Subject. The Free- 
 holders of thofe Days never imagined, that their 
 Reprefentatives, who reprefent likewife all the land- 
 ed Intereft in the Kingdom, fhould come, 2 or 3 ;. 
 hundred Years afterwards, to be outnumbered, 3 
 to I, by a new Sett of Reprefentatives of litde beg- 
 garly Burroughs ; which being poor, are expofcd to ^i 
 be venal, and having little or nothing of their own, 
 have yet by the Majority of their Attorneys, the fovc- ^ 
 reign Difpofal of the Property and Liberties of all the 
 Freeholders of England, without the Conifent of any ,^ 
 one of their Reprefentatives. They thought full as 
 little of all the ordinary military Power of the King- 
 dom's falling into the Hands of the Crown ; much 
 lefs had they any Notion, that this could ever come 
 to be deemed infufficient for the Safety of a Realm, 
 which, in their Days, made all their Neighbours 
 tremble for Dread of its Power ; and that ic fhould 
 be pretended a Standing Army was neceflary for a 
 further Security. But now that they fee the Ballance 
 of the Reprefentation deftroyed, and all the Secu- 
 rity, which they promifed theniiclves from thence, 
 defeated and taken away •, when they fee not only the 
 ordinary Militia entirely in the Hands of the Crown, 
 but a mercenary Army kept up at a vaft Expence 
 out of their Property, and ready at the Word of 
 Command to feize the re^l, and commit any other 
 Violence that the Commander lliall think fit to or- . 
 
 derv' 
 
 i 
 

 ^ 
 
 ( 207 ) 
 
 der *, when they fee this, it Is high Time for them 
 to think of getting back (ome of their ancient ci- 
 vil Power, that they may be the better able to 
 take care of their civil Rights. The Power of 
 chufing Juftices of the Peace, would fecure them 
 cfFeftually from an infinite Number of Opprefllons 
 in various Ways, which it is in the Power of thofe 
 Magiftratcs (too often the Tools of a corrupt Mi- 
 nifter) to exercife •, and the Influence, which Men 
 of Merit, Integrity, and Fortune, invefted with 
 that Magiflracy, and diftributing Juftice with an 
 equitable and impartial Hand, muft have on the 
 little Burroughs in their Neighbourhood, may con- 
 tribute fomething towards corre6bing the Inconve- 
 niences arifing from the Want of a proper Ballance 
 in our parliamentary Rcprefentation. The Power 
 of cle£lmg High Sherifl^s would prevent that arbi- 
 trary Force ufed in Eledlions, and tliofe undue Re- 
 turns of Members, of which we have heard but 
 too much of late Years i particularly at the late 
 general Eledion ; and would be of infinite Service 
 for preferving the Freedom and right Conftitution 
 of Parliaments. Both are necefifary for reftoring the 
 Ballance of our Conftitution, and fo far as they go 
 towards that Fnd, will be likely to maintain their 
 Ground. For if the Freeholders of England come 
 to be once again poflTcfled of the Right of chufing 
 High Sherifi^s and Juftices of Peace, and to experi- 
 ence the Benefits they will thence derive, an Houfeof 
 Commons will hardly venture to take away a Right, 
 in which all the landed Men in the Kingdom are fo 
 deeply interefted ; nor can it be done without caufing 
 a terrible Convulfion in the Nation. 
 
 Macbiavel fays, "That to render a Common- 
 '* wealth long lived, it is neceflary to correft it of- 
 " ten, and reduce it towards its firft Principles", 
 When the Ballance of a Conftitution is deftroyed, 
 there is no Way of reftoring it more proper, than 
 
 by 
 
 S 
 
 , » 
 
 i^. 
 
 ^"a 
 
( io«3 
 
 by having Rccourfe to tholc ancient Ufages, of 
 which we have had Experience, and under which 
 the Nation hath long flourilhed. The old Rights 
 of Freeholders in eleifting theffe v\o Kinds of Ma- 
 gidrate^, are Branches of Power merely Civil, and 
 of too harmlefs and inofFenfivc a Nature to give any 
 Jealoufy to a Prince, wife enough to place iiis own 
 Grcatncfs in the Happineft of his Subjcds. Thefc 
 would naturally allay the Ferment which appears at 
 prefenc in the Nation ; thefe would quiet the Minds 
 of a People, uneafy to the highefl: Degree, under 
 the terrible Apprehenfions they have of the Ix>fs of 
 their Liberties, and the Ruin of the Conftitution by 
 a Deluge of Corruption, carried on for a long Se- 
 ries of Years with Impunity, notwithftanding the 
 regular Sitting of Parliaments. And certainly, if 
 they have Reafon to think their own Reprefentatives 
 infefted with it, never had People a juller Caufe of 
 Uneafinefs ; for if Parliaments (the only Branch of 
 Power as yet left in the Hands of the Suhjecl) fhould 
 once grow corrupt, and giving lip their Country, 
 Ihould devote themfelves to the Service of a Mi- 
 nifler tltit bribes them, they will never punifli Cor-' 
 ruption in others ; they will be ready, if not to ju- 
 ftify, at lead to fcreen all Iniquities •, and far from 
 redreffing any, will become themfelves the greateft 
 of Grievances. In fuch a Cafe, the Condition of a 
 Nation is dclpe rate ; there is an End of all Hopes 
 of Relief from OpprefTion, and of all Expeftatioii 
 of public Good ; the People are deprived of the on- 
 ly Guardians of their Liberties, and having no other 
 Means to prefefve them, they are loft without Re- 
 fource : In a Word, the Conftitution itfdf is fubvert- 
 fd, in' the Opinion of the Great Mr. Lock, who 
 thus expreflfes himfelf on the Subject of the Cor- 
 ruption of Parliaments, in his Treatife of Civil Go- 
 verfttnent. Book 2. c. 19. of the Btjjolution of Go- 
 ifemfn&nt-i ** The Ibprcnrre Executor (fays he) ads 
 
 ** con- 
 
 C( 
 <( 
 
 ct 
 
 «c 
 
 C( 
 
 <c 
 <c 
 «c 
 
 4C 
 iC 
 
 « 
 
 (C 
 
 <c 
 «c 
 <c 
 
 C( 
 
 u 
 
( 209 ) 
 
 contrary to this Truft, when he either employs 
 the borce, Trcafure, and Offices of the Society, 
 tc corri)]3t the Reprefcntatives and gain them tr 
 *• his Purpofes, or openly engages the Elcifhors, 
 •• and prefcnbes to thei'- Choice Inch, whom he has 
 by oollicitations, Threats, Promifcs, or other- 
 wife won to his Defigns, and employs them to 
 bring in fuch who have promifed before -hand, 
 what to vote, and what to enadt. Thus to regu- 
 " late Candidates and l^lcftors, and new-model the 
 ** Ways of E!e£bion, what is it but to cut up the 
 ** Government by the Roots ^ andpoifon the very Foun- 
 tain of public Security ? To prepare fuch an Af- 
 fembly as this, and endeavour to fct up the de- 
 •* clared Abettors of his own Will, for the true 
 ** Reprefentatives of the People, and the Law- 
 makers of the Society, is certainly as great a 
 Breach of Trufty and as p!rfe£f a Declaration of a 
 Dejign to fubvert the Government^ as is pojfme to 
 " be met with". 
 
 «( 
 
 4t 
 
 it 
 
 CC 
 
 
 <( 
 
 tc 
 
 (( 
 
 « 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 t 
 
 •/ 
 
 ^•>:.< 
 
 Bi i^' 
 
 Et 
 
 APPEN- 
 
■■ 
 
 s. 
 o 
 
 47,888 
 
 d 
 o 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 N^. I. 
 
 j^ particular of the Charges of the Dutch tn the 
 Expedition^ for bringing over the Prince of 
 Orange into England in 1 6F 8, as delivered to 
 the Houje of Commons of England on March 
 14, 16H8-9, and entered on the Journal of 
 that Day^ viz. . 
 
 CHa.ge of the Fleet, as per-\ I. 
 Accompt deliv'^d to the 12,288,464 
 
 States, Feb. 28, IU08-9. 3 
 Mod of it in Service till Marchl 
 
 22, 1688-9, and employed I 
 
 in Tranfporting the Prince T 
 
 of Orange's Baggage, ^c, j 
 Lofs of two Ships, of 48 Guns, ( 
 
 and Cargo, 3 
 
 Provifions, Oats, Hay, Saddles,"! 
 
 Stables, (^c. at y^mflerdamyl 
 
 and Coaft of Embarkation T 
 
 till their Departure, J 
 
 Freight of Merchant-Ships and •% 
 
 Tranfports, from 0<5f. 10,^1,245,000 
 
 1688, to March 15. 3 
 
 Ships accidentally caft away, or? 
 
 taken by the French, about 3 
 Provifions bought when the Fleet ? 
 
 was drove back by Storm, 3 
 Pilots, befides thofe in the 7 
 
 'Thames, 3 
 
 Artillery and Ammunition, ei-l 
 
 ther not brought back or de- I 
 
 teriofated, and Charges to I 
 
 Filher-boats that landed the 1 
 
 Forces from Oil. 10. to Feb. \ 
 
 20. with Lofs of 6 of them, J 
 
 189,616 o o 
 
 59,500 c o 
 
 186,000 o o 
 
 60,000 o o 
 157,000 o o 
 
 44,000 o o 
 
 Pay 
 
If 
 
 (^lO 
 
 /. 
 
 r^ 
 
 85,612 19 
 77,3^6 o 
 
 66,960 o 
 89,624 
 
 2 
 O 
 
 Pay of General Officers, 1,615,989 6 
 
 Charge of Artillery, Hofpitals, 7 
 
 Pay to French Protef^ant Offi- 1 
 
 cers, divided among the Re- j- 
 
 giments, ^ 
 
 Freight for Boats bringing 
 
 Stores to the general Rendcz 
 . vous, and after aboard the 
 
 Ships 
 Quartering the Soldiers, ^, ^ 
 
 Waggons that followed the) ^ 
 
 Army. J '^9.9 «« 
 
 Horles bought inftead of thofc > 
 
 loft in the Storm, 3 
 
 Charges to his Majefty's FolO 
 
 lowers and Forces that came j 
 
 over, and in raifing Lord 1 
 
 Mordant\ Sir Robert Pey^{ ^ 50,000 
 
 /o»*s, and Sir John Guife 
 
 Regiments, 
 Pay to Horfe and Dragoons, 39i>430 12 
 
 Pay to Foot Soldiers, 53'>205 19 
 
 Paid to feveral Princes for") 
 
 Charges of raifing and fend- ( 
 
 ^ • Ji • 1-- LI* > 1,100,000 o 
 
 ing their l-orces, with their f' ^^>^^^ 
 
 ordinary Payments., j 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 81,264 
 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 8 
 
 Total * 7,301,332 I 8 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 
 * No Power in Europe could make fuch an Embarkation fo 
 cheap as Holland^ and i^ is not confiilenc with common Senfe 
 %Q imagine that any of them, would put themfelvea to the Ex- 
 pence of Se-wen Millions^ to make an Attempt on England, with 
 luch a certain Lofs, and very little Hopes of Saccefs. 
 
 E e 2 
 
 N*'. 
 
■ipi«Bi^P^"n 
 
 mmmi^ 
 
 mmmm 
 
 (ai2) 
 
 . N«>. II. . 
 
 LiJ^ of Sums of Money with which the Conven-* 
 t ion- Parliament of 1660 loaded the Excife^ 
 Monthly Jffejfments^ aud other Branches of the 
 Revenue, taken out of the Journals of the 
 Tloiife of Commons y with the Day on which 
 each Sum was rejpediively granted. 
 
 May I, 1 660, Prefent to the King, i /. 
 
 and borrowed of the City off 50,000 
 London, at 6 per Cent. * 
 
 May 5, Sir John Greenville, 500 
 
 May 9, Admiral Montague^ 500 
 
 Duke of Tork, 5000 
 
 . Duk6 of Glocefter, 5000 
 
 May II, To fupply the Duke of? 
 
 TorJi^ Occafions, 
 M^y 1 6, To General Majfey, 944 /. 1 
 9 J. 2 d. due to him by Order f 
 of both Houfcs, dated O^. 2, > 
 1 646, with Interefl thereon, I 
 at 8 per Cent, above J 
 
 To Preparations and Fur- 1 
 niture for the King's Reception, \ 
 
 May 26, For Relief of maimed 7 
 Soldiers, J 
 
 June 4, To Gen. Majfey 1000 /. 
 . due to him by Order of Com- 
 mons and Lords, on July 12, 
 1647 ; with Interefl from that 
 Day, at 6 per Cent, about 
 
 Jun€ 5, To General Monk, to be ^ ^^ ^^^ 
 forthwith paid J " ' 
 
 June 20, To the Queen Mother, 1 
 to be remitted to her 5 
 
 June 30, For prefent Subfiftencc / o^ 
 to liie Garrifon of Dunkiik^ 3 ^ 
 
 2000 
 
 1780 
 
 s. 
 
 Q 
 
 O 
 O 
 O 
 O 
 
 d. 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 10,000 o o 
 
 2000 o o 
 
 30,000 O 6 
 
 20,000 o o 
 
"mum 
 
 ^^UPPIP 
 
 I', 
 
 ( 213 ) 
 
 July 12, To the Earl of Mj»-j 
 
 cbejier 5000/. Debt, with In-> 
 
 tercft for 2 1 Years i 
 
 7«^ 17, To Lord WilloHgbly of 7 
 
 Parham^ a Debt of J 
 
 To Rolf. Swak, a Debt of 
 yufy 30^ To Sir George Booths 
 jiug, 1 8, To Samuel Vajfal^ 
 Aug, 27, To the Garrilbn of Bun-^ 
 
 kirk 1000 Chaldron of Coals > 
 
 (at 30 s. a Chaldron) 3 
 
 5^/. I J To the Duke of Tork^ 
 
 To the Duke of Glocejler^ 
 Sept: 3, For Repair of the King's? 
 
 Houfes, 3 
 
 Sept, 5, To Major Jeremy Totburfly 
 Sept. 1 1, To Clerks, Ser)tants at ■% 
 
 Arms, and Officers about theC 
 
 Houfe of Commons 3 
 
 Sept, 1 3, To the Queen of Bobemia, 
 To the Princefs Royal, 
 To the Treasurer of the 7 
 
 Savoy and Ely Hofpitals, 3 
 
 !Nov. 6, To the Princefs Henrietta^ 
 Nov, 1 2, To Henry Peck, Efqi due 1 
 
 by former Order, 3 
 
 To Sir Thomas Dacres, a 1 
 
 Debt of S 
 
 Nov. 2^, To Co]. BfMer, for Mo- 7 
 
 ncy diPourfed by him for Scilly, 3 
 Further Demand of Ditto, 7 
 
 for Difburfements, 3 
 
 Dec. 5, Charging on Excife, two r 
 
 . Warrants q^ Council of State, ^ 
 
 on y^il 1 1 C 
 
 Dec. 12, To pay Bills of Sir Rok 
 
 Honeywood, and Embaflkdors in 
 
 Sweden^ 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 % X '1* 
 
 /. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 1 1,300 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2155 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 ■ > 
 
 1000 
 
 
 
 
 
 i-i 
 
 10,000 
 2600 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Q 
 
 K| 
 
 1500 
 
 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7000 
 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 50,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2966 
 
 II 
 
 4 
 
 t 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 » 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3443 
 680 
 
 12 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 3436 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 Ab 
 
 355^ 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 1387 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 ^550 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 2200 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Dec^ 
 
 '■ m 
 
 m 
 
.'■•»«»» , 
 
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 ^^-^ • A^,,.,f :• -^ ., . 
 7)ec:i2;ToiWmieri after He-ad-. 
 
 miffion qffecHuded Members, 
 ^%1§iP^^ 5at'<?y 'and Mi/-Houfe' 
 
 More, ' > /' 
 
 i)tfr. 1 8; T^Mrs. Dorothy Seymour^ \ 
 
 r^f'-^o General Majfey a 7 
 Prefentf \ ^ | 
 
 ^ IHita^ taC^^t, Silas fTitus 
 DUtdy tQ Mn»^]jfmui' J^ne 7 
 , % a Jewel,; '' -^^4- --!-■ ^^^^^^^^^ . "^ 9 
 
 357 o^^Of 
 
 ^57f o o 
 
 3000 O 6 
 
 5000 o o 
 
 pop o p 
 
 i)ec, 20, PoiRedcB^^nof Gap-7 
 '^ tf^es ffl*r*<y; *&jri iincc 1 642^ J '9' 
 ii^^ 27, To th0:Duk^i5f 5>*i io,oooi *o^ i<> 
 r*Vi " I ^ji^^cnof Eobemia, 10,000 o <i 
 
 To the Children of Henry j 
 ^^»^, late Qerk of the Houic > '5000 o 
 ' of' G^riiMnohs,^^ ) 
 
 ])ec^p.()y/DthttQ<:ol,Lockhart^ y^sy 5 o 
 
 mtto^tc^SirmiUammck\ 
 
 %/. $, Tb 'i*feM^^y^93p of fehe^ 
 
 JViwL" ?2^' For Fiovifions ient |o7 . 
 
 Dmkirk.- \ 3^50 
 
 3000 o o 
 7427 O O 
 
 O tJi 
 
 •<»l - ,. iil.»i 
 
 
 10 
 
 J. 
 
 ,^^jLl|jwhjch |um^ w#e <«>dcwd to fe^id fo«hw^^^ 
 andribbut' jtod^ /. thereof -was taken up ^f . the 
 City m Lwikni M^ BachufeUy &g. at In^ 
 
 ^re%^^ifl^ ought aH0 to bemadded to this- C^rge; 
 
 -3>::a'- 
 
 ..... -k 
 
 jF I- N I 58 
 
 
 4' 
 
 .A 
 
 'I 
 
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