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SUTHERLAND, 294 YoNOE St. 1898. li, THE CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE-DAME, PARIS. Of the many interesting objects which strike the eye of the •tranger in the gay capital of France, no one edifice perhaps leaves so distinct and vivid an impression on his memory as the Cathedral of Noire-Dame. Paris, it is true, presents numeroui other ancient structures to his notice ; but they all, more or less, have undergone such modifications and alterations, that the char- acter of their original appearance is lost. Like an aged patriaich forsaUtn of his coevals, Notre-Dame stands alone amidst the city, ;i majestic momimeni of by-gone days, almost unchanged, except by the soft greyness shed over it by time, and as stately in its de- mensions as it was when the Sainted Louis assumed before its ftltar the pilgrim's garb. For seven centuries now, the worship of the Most High has been ,vith but little interruption carried on within the Precincts of this noble temple ; and seven centuries more, should our globe remain unrenovated so lon,n, would, to all appearance, scarce suffice to dissolve the solid masonry of its walls, or even affect the beautiful adjustments of its airy buttresses. The fomidation of the present building is ascribed to Maurice de Sully, Bishop of Paris, dui ing the reign of Louis the Young. It occupies the site of a still iiorc ancient Christian edifice, which Childebert is said to have raised on the ruins of a heathen temple, dedicated to Jupiter nnd Cistor and Pollux, by the merchants ot Paris in the time of the Emperor Tiberius. Although many ad- ditions and improvements were made during the three centuries succeeding the erection of tlie original structure, yet even as late as the middle of the fifteenth century the noble design was not as yet completed, nnd Kings and Bishops emulously endeavoured to perfect the majestic edifice. The first serious injuries which it sustained, were inflicted in the Revolution; nor wa? it until after the Peace in 1815, that 2 these injuries were repaired, and the restoration of the building effected. Even now, ahhough it is unquestional)ly one of the finest specimens of ecclesiastical architecture in the world, it is not what it was in the days of its glory. Time has stripped it of some of its attractions — and the destructive grasp of man has rob- bed it even of more. Many of the statues, pictures, and other costly decorations with which it was lavishly enrichec' by princes, eccle- siastics and corporations, shared the fate of other noble works of art in the excesses of the Parisian mob at the close of tie last cen- tury ; and of the five-and-forty chapels, which clustered round the nave and choir, but twenty-nine remain. The general plan of the Cathedral is that of the Latin cross. The principal features of the western front are its massive towers, beneath whose shalow the He de la Cite seems to be reposing, the two exquisite ranges of delicately finished arches connecting them, between which is the magnificent circular window more than forty feet in diameter, and the thr.?;e deep porclies, ever beckoning inward those who approach. The most remaikable objects on the northern and southern sides are the iransi^pts with their noble roses, decorated with statues and finely sculptured basso relievi. The Porch on the southern side boars th • n me nf St. Marcel and occupies the site of the nncient church of St. Stephen. As you pass hcyond the transepts towards the east, the building is gradually rounded off into a semicircle, ad( rned with a noble triple tit-r of windows, between which nre siispf-ndcd exqui-iitely delicate buttresses with slender shafts and graceful pinnacles. Let us take a glance at tlie interior of the magnificent struc- ture. We shall enter by the centre Porch in the western front. What a glorious view presents itself as we stand within the spacious nave ! The high o'er-:irching firmament of the trroined roof, dim with a ra;nb>w-hued atmosphere, tinctured and dyed with the gorgeous colours of the glass that fills the rose-sliaped apertures behind and f)n either side of us — the double range of lofty aisles with the richly decorated chapels opening behind them — the su!)liine perspective of clustered pillars and massive c )lumns through wliich the eye gazes on — still on until it reaches the far-distant sacrarium raised aloft towards the cast, 8 glowing with a soft and delicate beauty, even more solemnly ex- quisite than anything else that has yet met the view. As an historical edifice, also, how full of interest is the Cath- edral ot Notre-Dame ! Treading upon the pavement which heroes have helped to wear, we feel an awe as if in their company— we realize their presence near us— we see them almost bodily around us. Coild the beams out of the walls here speak, what revel- ations would they not deliver respecting events which written chronicles but too briefly describe ! What cata'ogues of passion- ate thoughts— what prayers, what sorrows, wiiat fears, what hopes, what raptures, what despair would they not be able to disclose to us. wliich these solemn aisles have been privy to ! To glance at all the reminiscences that flash up^n the mind as we enter Notre-Dame, would fill a volume. Only one or two can here be touched upon. Here was crowned a King of England as King of France. Here the quartering of the lilies with thf lions was the symbol of a fact. Here for one brief hour the long-retained figment— real source ot so many mutual woes to two great nations— was apparently a truth, that the English Monarch was King of (Jreat Britain, France ai.d Ird ivd. Well for England that the ambitious de- sign of her ruK rs wa^ frustrated ! Had it succeeded, the Brhish Isles would probably have constituted an obscure Province of France ; and the high-toned nati<«nal character of their people would hi.ve bad no oppoitunii} of developing itself. And per- haps no nation would Inivc been found to take the stand in favor of liberty and truth which the three united British Kingdoms since hav- done. Little dreamed that royal youth, as he sat wrapped in ermine and weighed down with gold, of the series of dark contrasts afterwards to come upon him. How well it is for us that a veil is spread before our future! How truihful the words " Prudens futuri temporis exitum Cali-inosa noctc [ remit Deus." How often, else, would our moments of proudest triumph and highest bliss seem only cruel mockeries ! In like manner, little dreamed the beautiful and accomplished Mary Stuart, of such sad hours as afterwards Loch Leven and Fotheringay brought with them, — when yet a buoyant maiden, brilliant with youth, surrounded by the court and chivalry of France, within these walls she saluted her newly-wedded husband King of the Scots ! Little dreaming was there of such bitter thoughts as those which the names of Carisbrook and Whitehall were afterwards to call up, when the fair Henrietta of France passed forth through yonder porch the happy bride of Charles the First ! Ho^ can we help thus lookiiif,' with the pitying eye of a seer upon the person- ages of history, as we behold them moving on, in certain parts of their tnreer. unconscious of the fate that awaits them? Ever. NnpoK'on, lnoktd at in this point of view, amidst the spliin'oursi whicli lio iinlul<'<'(l in Notre-D.inie. claims our com* ]);i>si«)n Nipuleon. ;is ii< wtll-known, minle this ^acre(l place — siuri'i) 'till, iiotwilhsiaiidiiif,' its pr« f:ii»' reluiptL-m as the Ttmple of RtM on a f w yenrs befon — the ^c« re of one of his most ilar- Uii !t. Is of sclf-gl. lificiition. It was hire thiit he, consummate :t« i.ir ! t ok h n h1\ m dt Inip' ri.il Cbapitt from the altar, nnd pl.ir-'il it on his »\v'i brvs — ns ii \ . idtnlly br li*"!. li ui- when llic process of embarkation is completed, w m1 I u coin'spruiding set of draw-biidges to be used for delunktilon arti seen at li e other end already hauled up. They are deploying round ant p:i>^Mivr -iJo a rrhr.i in- tranet' to quarters provided for thim ni ih • l)a^t•u>c..l i ti.e c . - tral fortress or citadel. The en-raving before us informs us that the exir.H.r.Hnary structure was (iOO feet long by 800 bro.id, ukmhiis ;')(»(» ptc s of cannon, HG and ly-pounders, and is to co vjy 15,000 tuuis, etc., for the invaiion of England. In the background is seen the Town of St. M;Jn, pa tia'y bn- ing the sh'Tc, with adj aning h ighis, each crown< d with a si.na! tower and flagsUUT. Parknian, in his " Pinne^rs of Fiance n thr New World," page J 81, thus desciibts the town < f St. Malo : "The ancient town of St. Malo, thrust out like a buttress ii to the sea, strange and grim of aspect, breathing war bom its walls and battlements of rupgnl stone— a stronghold of privateers, the home of a race who^e intractable and defiant independence neither time nor change has sub«lued— has been for centuries a nursery for hardy mariners." Parkman then refers to Jacques Caitier, in whom Canadians are so much interested, inasmuch as it was from this port that he sailed on his famous voyage of discovery in the New World, April 20, 1604. Parkman describes the portrait of Jacques Cartier preserved at St. Malo, now becomes familiar to all Canadians from Hamel's copy thereof. Parkman informs us that it shows him as a man of bold, keen features, bespeaking a spirit not apt to quail before the wrath of manor the elements. In the account appended to the engraving ol the St. Malo raft, it fchnuld be subjoined, we are told, that a bomb-proof arrange- ment was made for the working of the paddle-wheels by horse- power, whenever the wind apparatus should be unavailable. 8 It may be added, too, that another great raft, the exact counterpart of the one described, is seen in the distance, putting out to sea, whilst a fleet lies in readiness in the harbor under the heights close by. Whether these formidable appliances for the invasion of England were ever constructed in all their complete- ness or not may be a question, but it is not improbable that we have in these pictures of them reproductions of adumbrations made in outline by the hand of the clever Engineer Napoleon himself. After the abortive proparalioas of 1798 Napoleon still did not relinqiiish the designs which he had formed for the invasion of England. In the year 1804 he assembled an armament with the same object in view on a vast scale, but on this occasion not at St. Malo, but at the port of Boulogne, nineteen miles south-west of Calais. In the meantime he had caused himself to be elected Emperor of the French. His Army, which was styled the Army of England, now consis- ted, it is said, of 180,000 men, and a flotilla of 2,400 transports. Napoleon, fully confident of the success of this renewed attempt on England, had the die of a medal prepared, whicli was to be struck on his taking possession of London. The engraver was Jeuffroy, the designer was Denon, the device of the reverse was Hercules holding an amphibious monster in the air, half mHn and half sea-serpent, crushing it to death. The monster, of course, represented England, and Hercules was France. In the mind of Napoleon and his artists the wish was doubtless father to the thought, hut, as we know, it was not destined to be fulfilled. The allusion in the device is to tho mytholo«ical story of the destruction of Antaeus by Hercules. Antaeus, as the story goes, was the son of Neptune and Terra, and was powerless so long as he was kept from contact with Mother Earth, a contact he was ever desirous of repeating . I exhibit the engraving of the medal thus described, which ap- pears in Plate V., contained in Edward Edwards' Napoleon Medals, published in London by Paul and Dominic Colnaghi in 1837. A* page 15 of that work we are informed that " the dies 9 ot this medal were engraved in Paris, at the epoch when the ex- pediticn against England was preparing, and were intended to have been employed in London after the taking ot that city." As the expedition did not take place, tlie medal was never struck. Some impressions, however, in soft metal and fine plaster of Paris were made, and from them at a later period fac similes were derived, copies of which are occasionally found in the cabinets of the curious. The medal bears the inscription in French, '■ Descente en Angleterre," i.e., '* Attack on England," and below are the words " Frappee a Londres, 1804," i.e., " Struck Ht London in the )ear 1804." But London was not captured. Thetr.iined bands of London stood in the way, and more formidable still were the people of the three Kingdoms, linked together as one united phalanx for dut'encc. It is somewhat singular that a lofty and conspicuous column 164 feet in height should be seen to this day on the heights above Boulogne, recalling the memory of Napoleon's quixotic ideas in regard to the annexation of England to the Empire of France. How noble is the luture which offers itself to the Biitish Em- pire throughout the Rlobe, could its sons everywhere be induced to dwell together in unity, and on every critical occasion to act like their forefathers when a tyrant sought to lay a yoke upon their necks. In this way, what Shakespeare said of the limited England of his time will be fulfilled in the case of the greater England of to day, and still more in the case of the vas- ter and more compact British Empire ol the following ages. I close with a portion of his words to be found at the end of the famous tragedy of " King John," making therein the verbal change of " the Empire " for England ; " This Empire never did, nor never shall, Lie at the proud foot of a conqueror. #••♦•••• Come the three corners of the world in arms. And we shall shock them. Nought shall make us rue, Let but the Empire to itself, rest true." O .