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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at differ^*^* reduction ratios. Those too large to be entire'; t'^ciuded in one exposure are filmed beginnin;;< ora acifera. MacGillivray, form multispinata. (PI. XIX. fig. 4.) The form from the Queen Charlotte Islands which I refer to MacGillivray's species differs in some respects from his description ; but the two agree so perfectly in the most striking and important characters that there is hardly room for doubt as to their identity. He describes his M. acifera as having " one or two sharp incurved spines on each side, r'^d u'»ually a small round spine in each upper angle." In the North Pacific specimens, which arc finely developed, there are two erect and pointed spines at the top of the cell, and along each side six or seven rather tall, straight, acuminate spines, which slope inwards without meeting. The spines arc at best a somewhat variable character; and the single specimen which MacGillivray examined can hardly be accepted as fixing the normal armature of his species. The general character and the remarkable avicularium are the same in both forms. Virago Sound. [Victoria {MacGillivray/).] Memhrampora echi'nuSj n. sp. (PI. XIX. fig. 5.) Zooecia quincuncial, oval, distinct, separated by rather deep and wide interspaces ; front wall wholly membranous ; two spines at the top and from seven to eight slender, closely set, pointed, and rather tall spines down each side, which slant inwards but barely meet in the centre ; on each side, springing from behind the second spine from the top, a pedicellate avicu- larium, the upper part large and much swollen (closely re- sembling a " bird's head "}, very slightly hooked at the extremity, borne on a very thin pedicle ; mandible slender, pointed. Ooecium (?) . Loc. Houston Stewart Channel ; Cumshewa, 20 fms. Poli/zoa of Queen Charlotte Islands, 9 A very marked cimractcristic of this flpccies (whicli belongs to the M. spinifera section) is tiio diHtinctness of the zocecia. wliicii lie so much upart fruiu one another tliat the vvliulc cull tc its very base is visible, tiie wall Hanging outward slightly below. It is very common amongst the dredgings. Memhranipora exilis, n. sp. (PI. XX. fig. 1.) Zowcia very regularly quincuncial, oblong, slightly en- larged about the middle, subtruneate above and below, setclostdy together, of considerable size and delicate half membrana- ceous material ; margin thin, a good deal raised, the front wall wholly membranous ; at the top of the cell two pointed spines, and (usually) two on one side and three on the other situated in the upper half of the cell, slender, acuminate, erect, jointed to a tubular base ; a sessile aviculariuin on the margin at one side (often wanting) just below the top; beak much swollen below, inclined upwards, scarcely bent at the extremity ; mandible blunt, directed downwards. Ooecium (?) . Loc. Houston Stewart Channel, enveloping (7e//ar II J I Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 15 [Normal : Arctic and northern seas ; Bri* ^in, France (south- west), Mediterranean, Florida, Zanzibar, Australia, New Zea- land, &c. Var. Californica, California.] Microporella ciliata, form vibraculij<,ia *, n. (PI. XVII. fig. 2.) Avicularium replaced by a very tall membrano-chitinous vibraculoid process, situated on a rather large mound or swelling, the beak elevated at the sides and somewhat deeply notched or channelled at the extremity. This is in many respects the most remarkable form which Dr. Dawson's dredgings have yielded. It occurs abundantly and in company with the normal M. ciUata and several inter- esting varieties. I have already discussed (in the paper referred to) the curious morphological change which the avicularian organ has undergone in this variety, and its significance as illustrating the relation between the two appendages (avicularium and vibraculum). The mandible of the avicularium is frequently slightly elongated, and projects a little beyond the anterior extremity of the beak. In the present variety this elongation has been carried very much furtlier, and at the same time a narrow chitinous expansion seems to have been developed along each edge of the setiform process thus formed. In this way a tall vibraculoid organ has taken the place of the normal mandible. The beak survives ; but it too has undergone a certain amount of modification, tending to secure freer play for the movable seta. In general character the present variety agrees entirely with the ordinary forms of M. ciUata. A glance at the three varieties represented on PI. XVII. (figs. 1, 2, 3) will suffice to show what an amount of super- ficial difference there may be within the limits of one and the same species, and may well suggest those structural elements which should have most significance with the systematist, as indications of genetic affinity. Microporella ciUata^ form umhonata^ n. (PI. XVII. fig. 1.) An umbonate process placed on each side of the orifice. Below the inferior margin a massive mamillary rising, which, when fully developed, conceals the pore. The entire surface thickly covered with rather large punctures, which are sometimes arranged in radiating lines. Log. Dolomite Narrows, on stone. * See a paper by the author " On certain remarkable Modifications of the Avicularium in a Species of Polyzoon ; and on the Kelation of th& Vibraculum to the Avicularium " (* Amials ' for January 1882, p. 20). :! ! ^auumatm^aut^ 16 Rev. T. Hincks on the Microporella ciliata^ form Californica. (PI. XVII. fig. 3.) Lepralia californica, Busk, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc. iv. (1850) p. 310, pi. ju. fig. 6. This variety is abundant amongst the dredgings. The ocecium is sometimes very prettily adorned with ribs radiating from a central boss towards the base. Microporella Malusit, Audouin. Extremely abundant and very fine ; one of the commonest species. MONOPORELLA, Ilincks. Monoporella brunnea, n. sp. (PI. XVIII. fig. 4.) Zooecia ovate or sometimes lozenge-shaped, quincuncial, moderately convex, separated by fine lines, sutures well de- fined ; surface glistening, minutely granulated, punctured and reticulate, the punctures often more or less obliterated by the calcification ; orifice arched above, lower margin straight or slightly curved inward, peristome not raised j the cell- wall elevated below the mouth, so as to inclose a small cavity or chamber, within which is placed a slightly raised circular avicularium. Ocecium (?). Zoarium forming a light brownish crust. In this species the surface glistens as if varnished. The cells are well defined and simple in structure. In the older zooecia the punctures disappear beneath the calcification, the reticulations showing faintly through the stony crust. Family Myriozoidse (part.), Smitt. SCHIZOPORELLA, Hincks. Schizoporella auriculata, Hassall, form ochracea, Hincks. (Plate XVIII. fig. 5.) Off Cumshewa. [Britain, coast of Cornwall.] I have not noticed the normal form of this species j but the variety which I have named ochracea, and wliich is charac- terized by the presence of an immersed oval avicularium on the front of the cell a short distance below the mouth, is not uncommon. In the specimens from the Queen Charlotte Islands there is almost always a small nodule immediately below the avicu- larium, which is wanting in the British form. Pohjzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 17 Schizoporella Cecilii, Audouin. Tncrusting a Cellepora ; a single specimen. [Mediterranean, Australia, Britain (south-west), Channel Islands.] Schizoporella hj/alina, Linnjeus. Very abundant. [Arctic seas, Britain, California, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Falkland Islands, &c.] Schizoporella sanguineay Norman. On shell, a single specimen of great beauty. Avicularia are altogether wanting. [Britain (south-west), Mediterranean, Madeira, Florida.] Schizoporella biaperta, Michelin. Houston Stewart Channel ; Virago Sound. On shell and stone. [Britain (south), Arctic seas, Mediterranean, Madeira, Flo- rida (deep water). Bass's Straits.] The surface in the younger cells is thickly covered with minute punctures, which are more or less obliterated as calci- fication proceeds. A rounded avicularium is present on both sides of the orifice, and the large mamillated form with pointed mandible is also abundant. Schizoporella sinuosa, Busk. Shallow water, on shell. [Scotland (west), and Shetland, Arctic seas. Gulf of St. Lawrence.] Highly calcified, the ooecia being deeply immersed. Schizoporella crassilabris, n. sp. (PI. XVIII. fig. 1.) Zooecia large, elongate, ovate, quincuncial, very distinct, convex ; surface dense, punctured (the punctures often oblite- rated by the calcification) ; orifice suberect, suborbicular, with a broad, rounded, shallow sinus occupying nearly the whole of the lower margin ; peristome raised and thickened, forming a wall round the orifice, often massive in front, where it is carried out into a broad projection, notched or sinuated in the centre. Avicularia none. Ooecium large, rounded, broader than high, with rather large punctures. Houston Stewart Channel, 15-20 fathoms, on small shells. 7^ IS Rev. T. liiiicks on the f ! Pt 1^ Schi2oj)orella crassirostris, n. sp. (PI. XVIII. fig. 3.) Zooecia ovate, quincuncially arranged, very convex, much elevated (gibbous) towards the oral region ; surface dense, traversed by raised lines or ribs, radiating towards the sidcjs ; immediately below the orifice a tall and massive rostrum which occupies a large part of the front of the cell ; on the inner side of it towards the base an avicularium placed trans- versely, mandible pointed, beak sharp and curved at the ex- tremity ; below the rostrum a smooth area, extending to the bottom of the cell, arched above, and marked off^ by a distinct line ; orifice orbicular, with a shallow rounded sinus on the lower margin, occupying about two thirds of its width, peri- stome raised in the older cells ; frequently a pointed avicula- rium, placed on the margin of the orifice and attached to one side of the rostrum. Owcium (?). On stone, a single specimen. A very peculiar form, of which the striking feature is the large rostrum, which appears all the larger from the elevation of the cell-wall below the orifice. The defined area, with smooth surface below the rostrum, is no doubt the site of the ooecium, which was not developed in the specimen examined. Schizoporella longirostrata, n. sp. (PI. XVII. fig. 4.) Zooecia large, ovate, disposed in lines, moderately convex (sutures shallow) ; surface roughened or minutely granulated, covered with an epitheca ; orifice arched above, lower margin extended into a wide, rounded, and shallow sinus, which occu- pies about three fourths of the width ; peristome thin, some- times elevated at each side ; on one side of the cell, generally a little below the orifice, an elongate pointed avicularium^ the mandible (which is broad at the base and tapering above) directed obliquely downwards, usually turned slightly out- wards. Ooecium rounded, depressed in front, thickly punctured, with a shallow oral arch. Off Cumshewa, on shell. A curious diversity in the shape of the orifice occurs in this species. It is commonly as described in the diagnosis ; but interspersed amongst the normal zooecia are others in which the orifice is of a narrow elongate form, the sinus being deep and pointed, and less distinctly marked off" from the rest of the oral opening than in the other case. The shape of the mouth in these cells is very regularly obovate. When covered with its epitheca this species is of a uniform light brown colour, and the granulose sculpture is almost concealed. Polyzoa of Queen Oltarlotte Islanils. 19 Schizoporella insculpta^ n. sp. (PI. XV 1 1, fig. 5.) Zoarium foliaceoua and bilaminate, or incrusting. Zomcta large, ovate, or narro \v -oblong (often much elongated), quin- cuncial, depressed, separated by raised lines, sutures sUallow; surface vitreous, glossy, thickly covered over its whole extent with punctures ; orifice arched above, the lower margin almost entirely occupied by a wide, very shallow sinus; peristome thin, moderately raised, extended in front (beyond the sinus) 80 as to form a small chamber, in which is a rounded orifice (? avicularian). Ooecia profusely developed, very large (cover- ing about two thirds of the cell above), elongate, rounded above, with a tall oral arch, thickly covered with slight granu- lated ridges, which radiate from the opening to the base, sometimes punctured round the base. Virago Sound, attached to stems, from which it rises in free foliaceous expansions ; Cumshewa Harbour. [Vancouver Is.] The oceciura is sometimes extended at the top into a disk- bearing process, by which it is attached to the cell above (PhXVlI. fig. 5 a). Schizoporella tumulosa, n. sp. (PI. XVIII. fig. 2.) Zooecia quineuncial, very regularly arranged, very convex, ovate, much elevated centrally below the mouth, the wall sloping steeply down to the margin of the cell ; surface dense, smooth, rather glossy, areolated round the edge, ridges radi- ating towards the centre ; orifice orbicular, with a small central sinus, not contracted at the opening ; peristome not ele- vated ; immediately below the orifice, at one side of the sinus, a rostrum bearing on one side a pointed avicularium, the beak very slightly bent at the extremity, mandible directed up- wards, the rostrum rising into a short mucronate point behind the avicularium ; veiy commonly on the front of the cell, near the bottom, a much-raised avicularium (mounted on a promi- nent elevation) with a pointed mandible directed straight out- wards. Ooecium rounded, smooth, much broader than high, with a tall oral arch tilled in by a calcareous plate. Off Cumshewa, in 20 fathoms, forming a brownish spread- ing crust. Schizoporella pristinay n. sp. (PI. XVII. fig. 6.) Zooecia ovate, irregularly disposed and shaped, moderately convex, separated by raised lines ; surface thickly punctured, presenting (in older states) a reticulated appearance ; orifice rounded above, the lower margin curving out below the oper- cular denticles into a wide rounded sinus, so that the mouth ^'1 '- r n so Rev. T. Hincks on the W appears almost circular, peristome not raisetl, sometimes a thickened granulous border surrounding the oritice in front. Avicularia none. Oircium (?). Dolomite Narrows, on shell. The oral sinus in this species tukes its origin immediately below the denticles on which the opercular valve works, and is somewhat difficult to recognize. At first sight the orifice seems to be circular, as the sinus occupies nearly the whole of the inferior margin. The lower cell in the figure (PI. XVII. fig. G), which is represented with the operculum in situ^ is defective in not showing the contraction below the denticles. We have here, we may suppose, one of the primitive forms of the sinuatcd orifice, from which others may have been de- rived by contraction (more or less) or other modification of the marginal curve. The suboral pore of certain genera pro- bably owes its origin to the isolation of the most specialized form of sinus, a central notch with contracted aperture. SchiznporeUa maculosoj n. sp. Zooecia quincuncial, rather small, moderately convex, su- tures shallow ; surface shining, covered with small punctures, which are closed in by a brownish membrane, and give a spotted appearance to the front .vail ; orifice arched above, with a shallow bluntly pointed sinus below, not contracted at the opening, peristome slightly thickened ; on one side, just below the orifice (or occasionally on both sides), a small rounded aviculai'ium on a prominent boss. 0(£ciuni (?). On shell. The specimens of this form have unfortunately been mis- laid ; but I hope to be able to give a figure of it in a subsequent portion of the Report. Schizoporella Dawsoniy n. sp, Zoeecia ovate, or hexagonal, quincuncial, depressed or very moderately convex, separated by raised lines, highly calcified, vitreous ; surface reticulato-punctate (punctures appearing as deep shafts in the vitreous crust) ; orifice arched above, much "broader than high (narrow between the upper and inferior margins), a shallow rounded sinus in the centre of the lower margin, not contracted at the opening ; peristome not raised, thickened round the sinus. Avicularia none. Ocecium rounded, closely united to the cell above, somewhat depressed in front, glossy, covered with rather large punctures j a pro- minent thickened border round the opening. Virago Sound, on shell. Pohjzoa of Queen Charlotfe Tuluriffs. 21 SciiizoTHiiCA, Hiiicka. Schi'zotheca Jissurelld*, n. sp. (PI. XVII. rig. 7.) Zowcki small, quincuncially disposed, ovate, the lower ])ortion Hattish, the oral region raised, tubular, subercct ; sonic- tiines punctured round the margin, sutures extremely shallow ; surface smooth, porcellaneous, shining; orifice immersed, arched above, straight below, with a narrow slit-like sinus ; (?) two spines on the upper margin ; peristome thickened and elevated roujid the mouth, so as to form a kind of neck, car- ried out in front into a projection, which is notched in the centre and bimucronatc ; on eacli side a sharp spinous process, often wanting. Oaicium rounded, smooth, with a small longi- tudinal fissure above the opening, and a central tooth-like process just within the oral arch. Dolomite Narrows ; Cumshewa, &c. ; not uncommon on shells and stone. This is a very characteristic member of the genus Schizo- ///eca, of which oidy two species have hitherto been recorded — *S'. Jissn^ Busk (Britain and Mediterranean), and S. diiiisa^ Norman (Britain). I have only noticed obscure traces of marginal spines, which constitute a very striking character in the British forms. HiPPOTiiOA, Lamouroux. Ilippothoa expansa, Dawson. Common on shells ; Houston Stewart Channel. [Shetland, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Davis Straits.] Hippothoa distajis, MacGillivray. Cumshewa; Houston Stewart Channel. [Britain, Medi- terranean, Singapore, Australia.] Myriozoum, Donati. Myriozoum coarctation^ Sars. Cumshewa; Houston Stewart Channel, 15-20 fms. ; abun- dant and fine. [Vancouver Island, Campbell Island (British Columbia), Arctic seas, Norway.] * Described as a Schizopm-elfa, * AnnaLs ' for September 1882, p. 253. r 81 Tl(5v. T. Iliiick.s on th(*. Family EicharidsB (part.), 8niitt. Lki'KALIA (part.), Jolinstoii. fjepraUa nitesceiiH^ n. sp. (PI. XVIII. Hy;. (>.) Zowcia quincuncial, Hhort-oviite, very vcntricose ; aiutaeo (lenae, vitreous, hi^lily poli.slietl ami gliateiiin;^, smooth, with obscure radiating riclg(;.s, pujicturcti, rtometimcsurcolateil round the margin; orifice much higher than broad, immer.s('(l in the older cells, arched above, slightly contractiid a short way above the lower margin, which is a little curved outward; peri stome not raised, the inner edge of the oral aperture finely de!iticulate, i\ or 4 spines above ; on each side, in a line with the lower margin, a strong nodulous process ; about the centre of the margin an aviculariuni, with rounded mandible, |)laeed on a swelling, which extends some way down the cell, and facing sideways, mandible directed upwards ; often on the front of the cell near the bottom (towards one side) a bracket- like projection, bearing a rounded avicnlarium. Ooeciuin (?). Zoarium forming a brownish patch on shells. Houston Stewart Channel ; Cumshewa ; Virago Sound (probably). t*-' EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Plate XVIL Fig, 1, Microporella ciliata, Pallas, form umhonata, Iliiicks. I^g. 2. Microporella ciliata, Pallas, form vibraciilifera, iiiucks. Fig, 3. Microporella ciliata, Pallas, form Californica, Jiusk. Fig, 4. Schizoporella hngirostrata, n. sp. Fig, 5, Schizaporella insculpta, n. sp. 6 a. Ooecium. Fig, 6. Schizoporella ]n'istiiia, n. sp. Fig. 7. SchizotJiecaJiasurella, n. sp. 7 «. A zooecium showing the primary orifice. Plate XVIII. Fig. 1. Schizoporella a'aasilabria, n. sp. Fig. 2. Schizoporella tumulosa, n. sp. 2 a, Ooecium. 2 b. Orifice of mar- ginal cell. Fig. 3. Schizoporella crassirostris, n. sp. Fig, 4. Monuporella bnmnea, n. sp. 4 a. Zooecium showing the suboral aviculariiim. Fig. 5. Schizoporella auriculata, Hassall, form ochracea. Fig. Q. Lepralia nitescens, n. sp. 6 a. A young zooecium. [A figure of Schizoporella Dawsoni will be given hereafter.] Pofi/zou of Queen C/mrlotte hlaml'*. 23 [Plates III. & IV.] Leimialia (part.), Johnston. Lepralia hiLibiatn, n. ap. (PI. III. fig. 1.) Zoa^cia quincunciully nrningcd, sliort, very slightly convex, thfi sutures little more than incised lines, rounded above (where the cell-wall forms a distinct border round the orifice), widening out at each side, and narrowing off towards the base, which is subtruncate or pointed ; surfuco dense, smooth, of a somewhat waxy appearance and a dark brown colour: orifice large, occupying nearly lialf of the front surface, rounded above, slightly contracted a short distance above the lower margin, which is arched outwards ; peristome unarmed, not elevated ; operculum smooth, of a deep black colour, with a slight rim round the edge, the inner surface attached to a bi- labiate tubular passage (PI. III. fig. I Z»), through which the polypide issues. Avicularia none. Ocecium a subtriangular extension of the cell above the orifice, very little raised, a great part of its front surface occupied by a large foramen, closed in by membrano-ehitinous material (PI. III. fig. 1 a). Zoanum of a very dark brown colour (almost black). Houston- Stewart Channel, on shells. When the eooicium is open, the orifice is occupied in great part by the entrance to a tubular passage, through which the polypide issues ; this entrance is bilabiate, the lower lip con- sisting of a semicircular chitinous rim, as it were soldered to the inner surface of the operculum ; the upper or opposed lip, also chitinous, is movable, and closes upon the opercular lip when the ])olypide retreats. The structure of the ovicell in this species is peculiar ; it consists of a short extension of the cell upwards, the front wall of which is much depressed, and bears a large foramen, with a chitinous lid or covering. The ooecial chamber is small, and the entrance to it is closed by the operculum of the cell. This is a very distinct modification of the ordinary orm of ocecium. L. hilabiata is luxuriant in growth, and forms very large spreading crusts. Lepralia claviculata^ n. sp. (PI. III. fig. 2.) Zooecia ovate or lozenge-shaped (sometimes irregular in shape and size), regularly quincuncial, depressed j surface glossy, thickly covered with minute circular punctures, which 24 Rev. T. Hiucka on the ") '< give it a pretty speckled appearance ; orifice arched and ex- Eanded above, more or less narrowed downwards, contracted y a small acute projection on each side just above the lower margin, which is distinctly curved ; peristome not raised. Avicularia keyhole-shaped, placed on a distinct area, very much smaller than that of the cell, sometimes immediately above a zooecium, more commonly in the angle between two zocecia ; mandible directed upwards. Ooecium (fig. 2 a) very large, higher than broad, depressed towards the opening, and often grooved longitudinally above the oral arch rising above into a kind of central knob (but on the Avliole not much ele- vated), white, glossy, thickly punctured. Zoarium forming large, spreading, whitish crusts. Houston-Stewart Channel ; Cumshewa, 20 fms. Cases occur in which the avicularium is situated on an area almost as large as that of the cells, just below the upper extremity, occupying, in fact, the position of the oral aperture. Occasionally two of these appenclages occur together, either placed one above the other or side by side. Ill PORELLA, Gray. Porella concinna^ Busk. Cumshewa, on shell. [Britain, Adriatic, Finmark, Norway, Spitzbergen, Franz- Josef Land {Ridley)^ Greetiland, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Bass's Straits.] A beautiful variety occurs in which the whole surface of the cell, except the umbo below the orifice, is covered with rather large punctures; the orifice is ample, and its characteristic features are very distinctly marked. The zoarium is white, and delicate in texture. I-. Poi'ella marsupium, MacGillivray, form porifera. (PI. IV. fig. 4.) This species, which is a common Australian form, occurs abundantly amongst the dredgings. The specimens from the Queen Charlotte Islands differ from those which I have exa- mined from Bass's Straits in one or two points, but they are quite unimportant. On the front of the suboral swelling, which supports the avicularium, are two (or occasionally three) rather large circular pores, placed side by side. They give a somewhat peculiar appearance to the cell, but do not seem to have any special significance. Frequently too there is a small raised oval avicularium on the front of the cell, besides Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 25 the oral avicularium, which I have not noticed on Australian specimens. Tlic cell-wall is smooth and entire ; the ooccium is traversed by delicate radiating lines. Extremely common, on shells &c. [Victoria [MacGillivray) \ Bass's Straits {Capt, Caione Warren) .] The species described by Mr. Ridley from the Straits of Magellan (Proc. Zool. Soc. Jan. 4, 1881) as Schizojwrella maraupium, and identified by him with MacGillivray's Le- 2valia marsupium, is, I have no doubt, the Escharina simplex of D'Orbigny (' Voyage dans I'Amorique Merid.'), obtained from '* les lies Malouines." ]\IacGillivray, who has found this species in Victoria, has named it Hcliizoporella llidleyi (Proc. Koy. Soc. Victoria, Oct. 12, 1882). We have no alternative, however, but to revert to the earlier designation, and it must stand as Sclnzoporella simplex. D'Orb. Porella major^ n. sp. (PI. IV. fig. 5.) Zomcia ovate or (sometimes) liexagonal, somewhat elongate, quincuncial, rather depressed, sutures shallow, often with a line of punctures round the niargin ; surface smooth or slightly roughened, glossy ; orifice arched above, lower margin curved inwards, so as almost to appear dentate ; peristome thin, un- armed, elevated (in the adult cell), especially above, immedi- ately below the orifice a narrow avicularian swelling, stretching across the front of the cell and bearing in the centre a small oval avicularium, mandible directed downwards, Ocpcium rounded, moderately prominent, surface minutely roughened, the peristome forming a raised rim round the oral arch. Zoarium of a very light brownish colour. Cumshewa ; Houston-Stewart Channel, common on sheila. Smittia, Hincks. Smittia trisvinosa, Johnston. Houston- Stewart Channel ; off Cumshewa; Virago Sound : abundant. [Britain, Norway, Arctic regions, St. Lawrence, Mingau Islands, Florida, Mazatlan, Ca])e Horn, Aden, Adriatic, East Indies {Dr. Anderson), Bass's Straits.] Several varieties occur. As a rule, the avicularian appen- dages are present in great profusion and of unusual size. Smittia plicata^ Smitt. Houston- Stewart Channel ; oflF Cumshewa, 20 fms. : not un- common. 26 Rev. T. Hincks on the [Spitzbergen, Greenlmul, 100 Tius., Godhavn Hai'bour, Disco.] The form which I refer to Smitt's Cellepora plicata differs slightly from the description and figures given by that author ; but in essential particulars, I believe, it agrees with them. In the specimens from the Queen Charlotte Islands the avicu- larium is well within the peristome, and there is little if any trace of the umbo, on which, according to 8mitt, it is placed in his C. plicata. This, however, may be due to the greater development of the peristome, by which the umbo may have been to a large extent concealed. The cells are often in- vested by a membranous epitheca. Smittia spathulij-era^ n. sp. (PI. IV. fig. 3.) Zocecia large, ovate, quincuncially arranged, very mode- rately convex, bordered by delicate raised lines ; surface covered with rather large round punctures, which, however, are in great measure concealed by the stout epitheca that clothes the zoarium ; orifice arched above, lower margin straight and within it a large bifid tooth ; peristome much raised (especially above) forming an elongate secondary orifice, produced below into a spout-like sinus, which is occupied by a spatulate avicularium • mandible directed downwards. Ooecium large, immersed, closely united to the cell above ; surface roughened, punctured round the edge. Zoarium forming a brownish crust. Houston-tStewart Channel. MuCRONELLA, Hincks. Mucronella ventricosa, Hassall. Virago Sound, in about 20 fms., on shells. [Britain, France (S.W.), Mediterranean, New Zealand, Bergen, Greenland, Nova Zcmbla, Kara Sea.] Mucronella paconella, Alder. Virago Sound. [St. Lawrence, Greenland, NovaZembla, Spitzbergen, Fin- mark, ofi' Jutland, Britain (north-east).] Mucronella jii'Oihicidaf n. sp. (PI. IV. fig. 1.) Zocecia large, ovate, quincuncial, slightly convex, separated by raised lines ; surface thickly covered with roundish punc- tures, lustrous ; orifice arched above, lower margin straight lit Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 27 (without denticles), peristome raised, especially at the back and in front, where it rises in the centre into a blunt nuicronate projection, which bends slightly inwards ; the surface of the jieristome smooth, entire, and very glossy. Aclcalaria none. Ooecium{?). Houston- Stewart Channel, not uncommon on shells. Mucronella prcelongn, n. sp. (PI. IV. fig. 2.) Zocecia long and (usually) slender, quincuncially disposed, somewhat wider above than at the base (elongate-ovate, some- times a))pearing almost subtubular), convex, depressed below, rising towards the oral extremity ; surface thickly covered with minute punctures, shining (the glistening apjiearance due to the presence of an e[)itheca) ; oriHce suborbicular, peri- stome elevated round it, carried out in front into a very pro- minent process, often much thrown back and greatly elon- gated, sometimes simj)ly pointed, sometimes bi- or trimucro- nate, on the imier side of it near the base a single, small, sliar])ly-pointed denticle ; the upper margin produced in the centre into a tall spinous process, broad at the base, attenu- ated and raembrano-calcareous above. Avicularia none. Ooecium (?). Zoariam forming a whitish subcircular crust. Houston-Stewart Channel, on shell. A very picturesque form, distinguished by the remarkable processes on the upper and inferior margins of the peristome. The mucro in front is sometimes very greatly elongated, and, in such cases, the upper portion seems to be formed of very delicate membrano-crdcareous material. The s[)inous exten- sion of the peristome on the upper margin, which is much attenuated above, is also made up, to a great extent, of similar material. The subtubular character of the zocncia is a striking feature, though occasionally, and especially near the growing edge of the colony, they assume a more distinctly ovate form. Mucronella sjJinosissima, Hincks, form major. (PI. III. fig. 3.) Zooecia broad-ovate, short, arranged in quincunx, very convex, sutures deep, surface smooth, siibhyalinc in the younger cells, opake in the older, a number of slender tubules immersed in the cell-wall immediately beneath the surface, and radiating from the margin towards the centre, the aperture opening out apparently on the surface, but closed by a calcareous diaphragm ; the oral extremity of the cell much raised, contracted, suberect, forming a neck which bears the oriticej orifice suborbicular, a smalt mucronate projection in .si 1 28 Rev. T. Hincks on the i, m the centre of the lower margin, the rest of the peristome occu- pied by 6-10 tubular spinous processes, a denticle within the peristome on the lower primary margin. A vicularia none. Ooecium (fig. 3b) rounded, developed behind the neck-like peri- stome (the orifice, with its full armature of spines, rising before it), sometimes traversed by a number of the immersed tubules. Primary cell (fig. 3 a) small, ovate ; aperture occupying about two thirds of the front surface, surrounded by a raised border, which bears about 8-10 spines ; tlie orifice nearly semicircular, occupying the upper portion of the aperture, the lower part closed in by a delicate mcmbrano-calcareous covering ; por- tion of the cell below the aperture smooth and solid. Zoarium forming very large cream-coloured crusts on shells. Extremely abundant; probably the commonest species amongst Dr. Dawson's dreclgings. [Bass's Straits [Capt. Cawne Warren).'] I have ranked this interesting form as a variety of M. spinosissima, a species which I have described and figured in my report on the Polyzoa of Bass's Straits (* Annals ' for Aug. 1881). In all the principal elements of structure there is an exact correspondence between the two; but there are also one or two differences, which materially affect the general appearance, and, at the tirst glance, few probably would be likely to iden- tify them. In the present variety the cells are very much larger than those of the Australian form. The latter are small and delicate, while those of the variety major are ample, broadly ovate, massive, and strongly built. But the chief difference between them lies in the system of tubules, more or less immersed in the cell-wall and showing as white stride on the glossy surface, which gives so distinctive a character to the North-Pacific form. Of this tubular structure I have been unable to detect any trace in the Australian specimens which I have examined. Possibly the condition of the stony crust may be such as to conceal it ; but this hardly seems probable, as in the finest colony which has come under my notice calcifiication has evidently not proceeded far. It may also be noted that the cells of the Australian variety have well-marked row of punctures round the margin. At present, looking to the close structural agreement be- tween the two forms, and in the absence of any precise know- ledge as to the development and function of the tubules, I prefer to include them in one specific group. The tubules appear as delicate white lines through the subhyaline crust, radiating from the circumference towards the centre of the zooeciura. They vary much in length, some being almost rudimentary, and others extending nearly or Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 29 in quite to the centre of the cell. Not unfrequently short tubes alternate with the longer ones ; and commonly the latter seem to be composed of several short tubules, which originate one from the other, a little below and behind the orifice. In the younger zooecia the tubules are, I believe, on the surface ; but they are soon overgrown by the calcareous crust, and in older states they are completely concealed by it. In highly calci- fied colonies this feature disapjiears, and the cells present a uniform opake surface. It is difficult to form a conjecture as to the precise import of t!ie tubular system, and the more so as there has been no opportunity thus far of tracing the growth of the cell-wall and the mode in which the tubules originate. The numerous oral spines seem to be developed round the primary orifice, and are inclosed by the wall of the secondary orifice, above which they prfjcct. The T^xxxaaxy c^Woi Mucronella spinosissima closely resembles that of M. Peachii. [See note on page 42.] be- low- ts, I the lards tome or Retepora, Imperato. Hetepora Wallichiana, Ilincks. Houston-Stewart Channel, 15-20 fms. [Spitzbergen, 20-80 fms., Finmark, Godhaab, 150 fms.] This form was first described by Smitt * as a variety of B. notojjachys, Busk, a Crag fossil. Some years later the exa- mination of specimens obtained by Dr. Wallich in Davis Straits convinced me that it was a distinct species, and it was accordingly described as such (' Annals ' for Jan. 1877, p. 107) , with the name which Mr. Busk had already assigned to it in MS. B. WalUchianaj when fully developed, forms intricate convoluted and chambered masses of considerable size. It is one of the many arctic species which have migrated to the Queen Charlotte Islands. Family Celleporidae. Cellepora (part.), Fabricius. Cellepora incrassata^ Lamarck. Houston-Stewart Channel j Virago Sound, incrusting the stems of Hydrozoa. [Finmark, Spitzbergen, Greenland, Banks of Newfound- land.] * "Kritisk forteckn. bfver Skandinavien's Hafs-Bryozoer," (Efvera. EoDgl. Veteusk. Akad. Forhaudl. 1867, Bibang. 1 A'. 80 Rev. T. Hincks on the Celleporttj ?sp. Zoarium iiicrusting, of a rather dark brown colour. Zooecia (towards the centre of the colony) erect, crowded, barrel- shaped, some elevated, some immersed ; surface smooth, more or less punctured round the margin ; orifice arched above, lower margin slightly curved outwards (suborbicular), and having in the centre a small notch, rounded below and con- tracted at the opening by two minute denticular projections ; operculum arched above, straight and entire below ; peristome raised in front, embracing a short and stout rostrum, placed immediately below the oral notch, and bearing an avicula- rium on one side close to the toj), with rounded mandible directed upwards ; two very tall articulated marginal spines, placed one on each "ideof the orifice above. Large avicularia scattered amongst the cells with a broad subspatulate man- dible, the beak elevated at the extremity into a hood-like projection, not denticulate. Ooecium (?). Tncrusting Retepora and shells. I cannot identify this form with any of the described species known to me ; but I am by no means prei)ared at present to say that it is new to science. It does not appear (so far as I can judge in the absence of the figures) to be included amongst the * Challenger ' Cellepurw characterized by Busk (Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xv. 1881, ]). 341, &c.). If it should prove to be (as I suspect) undescribed, I should pro])ose for it the name of Cellepora hrunnea. Additional. F-xmily Porinidae. Lagenipora, Hincks. This genus, as originally constituted *, was formed for a Porinidan species in which the cells are more or less im- mersed in a calcareous crust. But I am now convinced that this character cannot properly be made the foundation of a generic group, and I propose to apply the name to such forms as possess a lageniform cell with a free orbicular orifice and are destitute of a special pore. The original type of the genus, L. socialts mihi, will hold a place in the reconstituted group, along with PhylactGlla lucida mihi, a Madeiran species (see • * Annals ' for September 1877 ; ' Hist. Brit. Marine Polyzoa,' vol. i. p. 236. \l Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands, 81 * Annals ' for July 1880), and a kindred form from the Queen Charlotte Islands, which I shall now describe. a rms and nus, up, (see Lagenipora spinulosa, n. sp. (PI. III. fig. 4.) Zooecia lageniform, rather irregularly disposed, the lower portion adherent, ovate, thickly covered with punctures (some- times almost obliterated, when the surface appears roughened or subgranulous) ; the oral extremity free, tubular, much pro- duced, suberect, the surface perfectly smooth and subhyaline, slightly expanded upwards ; orifice terminal, suborbicular, the front margm plain or trimucronate, and more or less elevated above the rest, somewhat everted, on each side a raised ))roces3 bearing a small avicularium of the Scrupocellaria type, with minute pointed mandible directed outwards, on the upper (or hinder) margin several spinous processes. Ocecium small, rounded, smooth, placed far down at the back of the tubular portion of the cell. Zoarium forming small lobate patches. On Tahulipora (especially) and shells ; not uncommon. This form is nearly related to L. lucida^ mihi, but is, I have no doubt, distinct. There is a marked difference between the avicularia of the two species. In L. spinulosa there are two, one on each side of the orifice, resembling very closely the form which is characteristic of the genus Scrupocellaria. In L. lucida there is only a single minute, oval avicularium, which is borne on a stout process, in the centre of the lower margin. L. spinulosa is altogether stouter in habit than the Madciran species, and in the normal state the adherent portion of the cell is thickly punctured, whereas it is entire and smootii and subhyaline in the latter. It differs from L. lucida in another point. On each side of the free tubular portion of the cell there is a very distinct line, running the whole length of it, which seems to mark the junction between the front piece and the rest of the tube. The strongly marked groove at the base of the neck-like extension in L. lucida is wanting in the present form, which is also characterized by a peculiar habit of growth. Microporella Malusii, Audouiu. A variety of this species occurs, in which there is a very prominent umbo below the pore. ScMzoporella biapertaj Michelin. In a variety of this widely distributed species from the 32 Rev. T. Hincks on the Queen Charlotte Islands the lateral avicularia have a pointed mandible instead of tlie normal rounded one. Sraitt haa noticed the same thing in Floridan specimens. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Plate III. Fiff. 1, Lepralia hilnhiata, n. sp, 1 a. Zoceciiim with ovicull. 1 b. Zooe- cium with tlie operculum thrown back, showing the entrance to the tubular passage. Lepralia rlaviculata, n. sp. 2 a, Ooecium. Mticronella spinnsissima, Ilincks, form major ; group of cells, showing the tubules in the front wall. 'da. Primary cell. 3 6. Zooecium, showing the position of the ovicell behind the tubular orifice. Fig, 4, Layenipora spinulosa, n. sp. Fi(j. Fig. '!t"\ Platb IV. Fig. 1. Mucronella pralucida, n. sp. Fig. 2. Miicronellapreelonga, n. sp. Fig, 3. Smittia spathnlifera, n. sp. Fig. 4. Porella marsujnnm, MacGillivray, form porifera. Fig. 5. Porella major, n. sp. iwf m [Plate IX.] Suborder Cyclostomata. Family Crisiidae. Crisia (part.), Lamouroux. Crisia cornuta^ Linnseus. Houston-Stewart Channel ; Virago Sound ; common. [Norway, Britain, Brittany, Mediterranean.] Crisia eburnea, Linnaeus. Virago Sound. [North and Arctic Seas, St. Lawrence, Labrador, St. George's Banks, California, Fiji Islands, New Zealand and Australia, Madeira, Mediterranean, Britain.] H Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte hlantU, 3a Crtsia denticulataj Lamarck. Houston-Stewart Channel. [Kara Sea, Norway, Spitzbergen, Grand Manan, Britain, Adriatic, Madeira, South Africa.] Ffinily TubuliporidsB. Stomatopora, Bronn. Stomatopora major, Johnston. On shell, rare. [Bergen, Britain, Brittany.] Stomatopora diastoporideSj Norman. On shell. [Entrance of Baffin's Bay, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Britain.] Stomatojyora incrassata, Smitt. A specimen occurs exhibiting the anastomosing habit which is characteristic of British examples of this species. Cumshewa; Houston- Stewart Channel. [Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, Kara Sea, Britain.] TuBULiPORA, Lamarck. Tuhulipora lobulata, Hassall. Houston-Stewart Channel, on shell. [Scandinavian coasts, Britain.] TubuUpora perjragilisj n. sp. Zoarium adnate, white, and composed of very delicate ma- terial, consisting of a short stem, widening upwards, which divides dichotomously into two principal bi-anches, these again subdividing dichotomously, the lower segments curving down- wards so as almost to surround the point of origin and the stem, and giving to the whole colony a flabellate form ; branches slender at the base, expanding upwards, tiiickly covered with the cells, occasionally a second expansion origi- nating from the summit of the first, to which it is connected by a narrow base. Zowcia crowded on the branches, radi- ately disposed, very slender, with a speckled surface, a large portion of the length free and subhorizontal, sometimes con- ff^" 34 Rev. T. Hincks on the I: nate and in companies of 2-4, sometimes single and detaclicd ; orifice orbiculiir, unarmed. Gonocyst an irregular inflation of the surface of tlie brunch, minutely punctate. On shc-U. This form has some points of resemblance to Tiilmh'pora capifata, mihi (' Amials ' for August 1881, "Contributions towards a General History of the Alarine I'olyzoa"), an Aus- tralian species ; but there are differences in the habit of growth and in some of the details of structure which jirobably entitle it to a distinct name. Tiie present sj)ecies is exceed- ingly delicate and of most graceful form. The branches seem to be slightly attached and are commonly free towards the extreniities; the tubes are remarkably slender, and the free portions are horizontally inclined rather than erect. T. per- Jragilis bears much resemblance to D'Orbigny's figure of his Idmonea cenomana (Pal. Frany., Terr, Cri-tacds, vol. v. Atlas, pi. 633. fig. 2). \\' Tuhulipora Dawsom, n. sp. (Pi. IX. fig. 5.) Zoarium forming a spreading, irregularly shaped, intricate, coral-like mass, composed of many branches, much divided and subdivided dichotomously, which radiate from the point of origin and anastomose freely; branches massive, of consi- derable width, somewhat compressed, flattened in front, ex- panding upwards, bifid or trifid at the extremities (which are cellular), recumbent or suberect, never adnate, but attached by numerous calcareous oft'sets from the dorsal surface to the shell or stone on which the colony grows. Zooecia arranged (in part) in transverse rows (two to five in each), which slant slightly downwards, connate, with a large suborbicular orifice, increasing in height from the inner side outwards, so as to give a serrated appearance to the edge of the branch ; the rows sometimes extending to the centre of the branch, but not sepa- rated by any distinct mesial line, sometimes (and more com- monly) ranging along the sides, the centre being occupied by many detached cells irregularly distributed, with a subor- bicular orifice, which is usually scarcely raised above the surface ; walls thickly and minutely punctate ; the dorsal sur- face rounded, lineated longitudinally, punctate, often with transverse furrows. Common amongst the dredgings ; on shells and stones. In this tine species the disposition of the cells connately in transverse rows is very much confined to the sides of the branch, and a striking characteristic is the crowd of scattered cells which very commonly fills the centre. The latter are Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. B6 to ur- ^ith lU the ired are generally very slightly raised above the surface of the zoarium. The rows vary in lenuth and occasionally extend to the centre of the branch ; but usually the condition is as I have de- scribed it. The zocecia composing them increase in height from within outwards, and the tallest form a conspicuous lino along the margin of the branch. The branches arc for the most part broad and conijiressed, and inosculation takes place freely. A ])cculiarity which at once arrests attention is the large development of dorsal appenf the large avicularia. (See * Annals ' for August 1881, p. 130.) Membranipora acifera, MacGillivray, form multispinata. [See page 8.] In a previous portion of this Report I have referred a Membranipora from the Queen Charlotte Islands to the M. acifera of MacGillivray*, of which it seemed to me to be a * Described and figured in a paper read before the Royal Society of Victoria, December 9, 1881 . Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 39 Id a M. te a of variety. But in a paper read before the Royal Society of Victoria, October 12, 1882, MacGillivray states that further examination has led him to identify this species with his Mem- hrampora serrata, which is certainly quite distinct from the North-Pacific form. I shall therefore characterize the latter as Memhranipora pallida^ n. sp. Zooecia elongate-oval, front wall wholly membranous, quin- cuncially disposed, margin thin, smooth, usually slightly elevated at the top ; an erect spine on each side above and from six to eight slender pointed spines down each side, which in- cline inward ; generally at the bottom of the cell, on a small quadrate area, an avicularium with an expanded base (occu- pying the area) and a very long, slender, tapering beak, which stretches upward along the margin ; mandible trian- gular below, above setiform. Ocecium (?). Zoarium whitish, texture delicate. Virago Sound j spreading luxuriantly over shell. Membranipora exilisj n. sp. [See page 9.] On further examination of this species I find that it agrees with M. radicijt, i, Hincks, in being attached (in some cases at least) by radical tubes given off from the dorsal surface. It is not closely adnate to the surface on which it grows, as most of the MemhranijJorm are, but is furnished with special organs of attachment. The first specimen which came under my notice (and on which my description was based) is grow- ing on Cellaria horealisj the stem of which it loosely invests ; in this case I have not been able to detect any of the dorsal appendages. But on a colony which spreads over a Tubuli- pora they are present in great numbers, and there can be no doubt that it is anchored by the radical tubes and not adhesive. In both cases the dorsal surface of the cells is convex and rounded, and clearly unfitted for direct attachment. Probably the presence or otherwise of the appendages is dependent on the nature of the habitat. I have already (' Annals ' for July 1881, p. 5, under Mem- hranipora radicifera) drawn attention to certain links con- necting the Merabraniporidan series with such forms as Bugula and Diachoris. We have another such link in the present species. A Membranipora which, from the nature of its habitat, had ceased to be adherent and had developed radical fibres as a means of attachment, would have made a very decided advance towards the Bugulan type. . 1 1 in v4 M wm 40 Rev. T. Hincks on the 'ill '1' 'H- Family ForinidsB. Lagemjiora spinulosa, n. sp. [See page 31.] When I first described this species I had only met with small incrusting colonies, and was under the impression that they represented the mature and perfect form. I now find, however, that this is by no means the case. When fully grown the zoarium of Lagenipora spinulosa is erect and ra- mose (PI. IX. fig. 4), consisting of a cylindrical stem, which divides and subdivides dichotomously, the branches termina- ting above in short bifid segments. The zooecia are arranged longitudinally in six lines along the stem and branches, those in neighbouring lines alternating; the oral (or neck-like) portion free and projecting, the lower immersed. The surface of the cell is covered with very large foramina, which are closed in by membrane. Primary orifice elliptical, slightly narrowed below. The surface of the ooecium is smooth, and entire behind ; a raised line arches across it towards the front, and the portion in advance of this line is covered with minute disks closely packed together. In its perfect condition this species bears a close resemblance, so far as habit and general appearance are concerned, to an Entalophora. The wall of the cell is built up of tubes placed longitudi- nally and closely appressed to one another; this curious structure may be best observed in the erect neck-like portion of the zooecium. The superficial foramina are probably the openings of the tubes. The lateral avicularia are supported on a tubular structure, which may be traced stretching down the inner wall of the oral cylinder (neck) and tapering off finely below. Lageni- pora spinulosa would seem to be abundant where it occurs ; it must be accounted one of the most interesting forms which Dr. Dawson's dredgings have yielded. Family MyriozoidaB (part.). Schizoporella cruenta^ Norman. This species must be added to the list of North-Pacific forms. The single specimen which occurs is in fine condition, and has the oral sinus much more strongly marked than the British examples which I have examined. The deep-red colour of the zoarium when fresh has given place to a uniform black. [Nova Zembla, Greenland, Britain, from Shetland to the Channel Islands.] Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. Schizoporella hiaperta, Michelin. 41 A specimen has occurred in which the oral avicularia as- sume both the round and spatulate form, as is commonly the case in the allied Schizoporella armata, mihi. Schizoporella Daiosoni. [See page 20.] The species described under the above name I have now no doubt is identical with Escharina torquata of D'Orbigny (' Voyage dans I'Amijrique m(5ridionale,' tome v. 4° partie, p. 11, =-Flustra torquata, Lamouroux). Schizoporella tor- quata must therefore take the place of S. Dawsoni in the Report. I have, however, much pleasure in dedicating a fine species of Tubuhpora (which I trust will prove to be unde- scribed) to the able investigator to whom we are indebted for our knowledge of the marine fauna of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Schizoporella torquata (D'Orbigny), Lamx. (PL IX. fig. 2.) Virago Sound, on shell. [Bay of Rio, on dead shells.] Schizoporella linearis, Hassall, form inarmata. The only specimens amongst the dredgings which are refer- able to this species are totally destitute of avicularia. In other respects they agree with the typical form, and must be regarded as an unarmed variety. [Scandinavia, South Labrador, Mediterranean, Britain, France (S.W.).J Family EscharidsB (part.), Smitt. Lepralia cleidostoma, Smitt, var. A variety of this species occurs which is destitute of avicu- laria. There is frequently a small knob on each side of the orifice, and always a stout mucro immediately below it. The ooecia do not exhibit the striai which Smitt describes, but are smooth and polished The only specimen, however, which I have examiued is strongly calcified and has a highly varnished surface, and in this condition the striae may be obliterated. An Australian variety has already been described with circular instead of pointed avicularia (' Annals ' for August 1881, p. 122). 42 Rev. T. Hincka on the ? Porella argentea^ n. sp. (PI. IX. fig. 1.) Zooecia ovate, quincuncial, rather depressed (sutures shal- low) , surrounded by raised lines, surface thickly covered with punctures ; orifice expanded above and well arched, contracted below ; peristome slightly raised, especially above, a very prominent hinge-denticle on each side a little above the lower margin ; immediately below it an umbonate swelling, bearing on its inner aspect an avicularium, with rounded mandible, directed upwards. Ooscium rounded, not prominent, surface somewliat roughened, usually a circular pore on the front. Zoarium white and silvery. Houston- Stewart Channel, on shell. Mucronella spinosissima, Hincks. On further examination I find that in the younger cells there are two or three lines of pores forming a belt round the mar- gin ; and it seems probable that the curious tubular system which I have described (see page 27 of the Report) owes its origin to these. At least I can only explain it by sup- posing that, as calcification proceeds, it is arrested by the pores, and extends around them but not over them ; so tiiat they continue open, and form at last tubular shafts piercing the stony crust which has been piled up about them. Retepora WaUichiana, Hincks. This species has been obtained in Vancouver Island. Oeneral Remarks. The number of species recorded in the present Report from the Queen Charlotte Islands is 96, of which 36 appear to have been hitherto undescriLcd. Of the 60 species known to science more than a third (24 at least) seem to be distinctively Arctic forms, and of these 17 occur in the British seas *. Migration has taken place on the side of Davis Straits and Behring Straits : on the one the circumpolar species have distributed themselves along the North-American coasts and more or less widely along those of the British Islands ; on the other they have colonized tlie nearer portions at least of the North Pacific. In the comparatively warm waters which * The seven Arctic species which occur in the Queen Charlotte Islands hut not in Britain are Cellaria borealis, Flustra membranaceo-tntncata, Mitnhranipova S phia, Smittia plicata, Itetepora WaUichiana, Cellepora incrassufa, and Myriuzoum coarctutum. The whole number of species conuuon to the Islands and Britain is forty-three. Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 43 lave land on It of liich bathe the shores of the Queen Charlotte Islands they evi- dently find a congenial home and are finely developed. There is nothing to show that they are unfavourably affected by the change of climate. Of these northern forms only one seems to reach the Mediterranean ; a few are widely distributed in the British seas, while the rest are pretty much confined to Shetland and the north-east and north-west coasts. In Prof. Verrill's ' Check-List of the Marine _ Invertebrata of the Atlantic coast, from Cape Cod to the Gulf of St. Lawrence ' (1879) thirty-one species are included which occur in the Queen Charlotte Islands, and of these nineteen are Arctic ; so that the results of the northern migration have been much the same on both sides of the continent. The remaining species obtained by Dr. Dawson constitute a somewhat miscellaneous company. They include a small group of cosmopolitan forms which occur in almost all lati- tudes, and are expected, as a matter of course, to be present wherever Polyzoa are found. Such are Microporella ciHata (perhaps the most widely distributed species in the class), Schizoporella hyalina (which almost equals it in this respect). Smittia trispinosa, and perhaps llippothoa distans. A few species occur which have been found as far up the Pacific coast of America as California and Vancouver Island, but which are not known as Arctic forms. These are no doubt southern species which have travelled so far northwards. Indeed the Queen Charlotte Islands are, in a remarkable degree, the meeting-ground of northern and southern forms. Memhranipora Hosselti, M. tenuirost.ris, CribriUna radiata^ ScMzoporella Cecilti, S. sangiiinea,S. torquata^ and Dtastopo7'a suborbicularis are essentially southern. Seventeen species are common to the Islands and Australia, and of these thirteen are also European : nine of them occur in the Arctic seas. Two have only been found, so far, in Australia and the Queen Charlotte Islands [Porella marsupium and Mucronella sjnnosi'ssima). Lepralia cleidostoma has oc- curred in these two localities and off" the coast of Florida. It may be noted here that of the whole number of Queen Charlotte Islands species only nine are not also European. Some of the ascertained facts respecting the distribution of the Polyzoa are sufficiently perplexing, and we must wait for a larger accumulation of data before we may hope to explain them satisfactorily. The way in which certain species are strewn, as it were, at haphazard over the surface of the globe is a difficulty of which the solution is not apparent. We must, I think (as I have suggested before), make large allowance for the agency of man, and of currents, floating weed and m nPH^ 44 On the Pohjzoa of Oncsn Charlotte Islands. timber, &c., in the diffusion of the species, apart from the general laws which preside over the distribution of life. Further light will no doubt be thrown on the relations of the Polyzoan fauna of the Islands when we know more of the history of the group of new forms recorded in this Report. We may venture, I think, to say, that they are not to any large extent Arctic. Are they southern coast-line emigrants, or do they occupy their original home ? Fiff. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. 1. r PoreL'a argentea, n. sp, 2. iSchizopoyella torquata (D'Orbigny), Lamx. 3. Cellepora ? n. sp. (brunnea) ; a cluster of zocecia, showing one of the marginal decumbent cells. 4. Lagenipora spinidosa, n. sp. ; erect form, nat. size. 5. Tubulipora Dawsoni, n. sp., nat. size. 6 a. Portions of the stem showing the offsets from the dorsal surface, by which the zoa- riutM iti attached. 5 b. Portion of a branch, showing the dispo- se acn (f !;he -'.ooecia. Cc. The extremity of a branch, showing the ceilular lapitulum and several of the scattered central zocecia. 6. Tubulipora fascicHUfera,-a.s^.', porlion of the zoarium, showing zocecia. a. A colony, nat. size. + 10 a~ranu;emcnt of tht Fig. 7. Cellaria maiuUhulat Fig p. sp, ; avicularian cell. 7 a. Nat. size, showing a peculii .ity iu the ramification. Menipea compacta, n. sp. ; front view of an intemode. 8 a. Dorsal surface. 3h . Uui & Miuf.yiu . m^f . s. .;. Voi, . Ki.ri. iii. 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