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A REVISION OP THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF RUMEX OCCURRING NORTH OF MEXICO. BY WILLIAM TKELBASB. The following revision is based on a study of the mater- ial contained in the Engelmann, Bernhardi, and general herbaria of the Botanical Garden, and in the herbaria of Harvard University, the United States Department of Agriculture, Columbia College (including the Meisner herbarium), and the California Academy of Sciences, and the private collections of Capt. J. Donnell Smith, Dr. Chas. Mohr, Mr. W. M. Canby, Mr. I. C. Martindale, Prof. Jos. F. James, Mr. A. S. Hitchcock and Mr. H. J. Web- ber. Critical species, and material for the Garden herba- rium, have also been contributed by many correspondents. My cordial thanks are hereby tendered all who have thus aided me; and I have particularly to thank Professor Areschoug of the Lund University, for the donation of a critical set ot Scandinavian docks, especially rich in hybrids. Rumex is a genus which has been held to include from 100 to about 130 species, the greater part of which belong to the north temperate region of both continents, though a considerable number occur south of the equator, and a few reach up into the Arctic regions. The principal mono- graphs of the genus are by Campdera,* and Meisner. t For the general synonymy of our species, I have contented myself with references to the latter. Of the twenty-one * Monograpbie des Rumez, Paris, 1819, — a paper which I have not seen. t In De CandoUe's Prodromus, xlv., Paris, 1856, 41. For otL^r refer- ences see Bentham and Hooker, Gen. Plant, ill. 100. (74) REVISION OF RUMEX. u species recognized by me as occurring within our flora, eleven were characterized and named bv Linnaeus in the first edition of the Species Plantarnm, and only five have been named by American botanists. As a rule, though puzzling to the novice, they are well marked, and I have been able to complete my revision of the principal American material without seeing the necessity of designating any forms as new, though it may be that those mentioned under salicifolius and crispus will tiltimately demand recog- nition as separate species. As illustrating the degree to which one so disposed may multiply species, it may be stated that in a very limited local flora (that of Lyon, France), Gandoger in 1875 (Jide Just, iii, 685,) described sixteen new species, which other botanists are disposed to consider only forms or hybrids of familiar species. The practice of applying new specific names to known hybrids is also calculated to increase unwarrantably the enumerated ppeciesof a given region, since some of the docks and sor- rels are known to hybridize quite freely. One of our twenty-one species is moreiy a ballast intro- duction ; seven others are Old World weeds ; two (^Acetosa and salicifolius) are apparently arctic-alpines of wide dis- tribution, while the other eleven belong essentially to the North American flora. Among the more important references to the specific delimitation of docks, aside from the monographs already referred to, should be noted: — Trimen, various papers in Journal of Botany, about 1873; Haussknecht, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift, 1876, xxvi. (Just, 1876, part 2, 963 and 988),andMittheil. Geogr. Ges. f. ThUringen,Jena, 1884, iii. 56-79 (Just, xii. part 2, 592), — where many hybrids are named ; Murbeck, Beitr. z. Kenntn. der Flora von Siidbos- nien u. d. Hercegovina, in Lunds Universitets Aarsskrift, 1891, xxvii.; and Rechinger, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., 1891, 400. The chief biological interest in the genus comes from the protective acidity of the sorrels and some docks and the 76 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. occurrence of tannin and a bitter principle in others; their protandry and exclusive adaptation to wind pollination (c/*. Miiller's writings, and notes by Thomson in Trans. Bot. Soo. Edinburgh, xiv. 105, and Tulberg in Bot. Notiser, 1868, 12) ; and the adaptation of the greater number of species to wind dissemination, by the enlargement of the inner seg- ments of the perianth during ripening, although some of those with fimbriate valves may profit by attachment to animals, while B. Lappula and B. hamatus form verita- ble burs, as Huth has shown in Bibl. Bot. 1887, No. 9, p. 13 (Just, XV. part 1,433). Causation of sex in the dioe- cious R. Acetosella is discussed by Hoffmann in Bot. Zeitung, xliii. Chatin describes the organogeny of the androecium in Comptes Rend. vol. 78, 254 (Just, 1874, 479). Herail considers the anatomy of the stem, in Ann. des Sci. Nat. 7 ser. ii. 283 and 286; and Hanstein uescribes the mucilage glands of the buds in some cases in Bot. Zeit. 1868, 699 and 799. The occurrence of tannin in considerable quantities is considered by Bandelier in Yerhandl. Ge- sellsch. f. Erdkunde zu Berlin, 1885, xii (Just, xiii. part 2, 234) ; and Borscow notes the presence of chrysophanio acid in the roots, in Bot. Zeit. 1874 (Just, ii, 126, 834). Other references concerning economic products and prop- erties in the genus, — few species of which are of any con- siderable economic importance, — are given under the several species, particularly B. hymenosepalus y and the copious indexes of such pharmaceutical periodicals as the American Journal of Pharmacy. I. STNOPSIS OF NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES. § Aceto»ella. — Dioecious t inner segments of perianth witliont dorsal callosity, not reticulated, not larger than theacbene: foliage acid.— • Perennial. 1. R. AcETOSET.LA, L. — A span to exceptionally a foot or two high, tufted, propagating by creeping roots; leaves rarely 5 cm. long, oblanceolate, acute, the lower mostly REVISION OF BUMEX. n hastate with a large decurrent rarely 1-toothed auricle on each side, the upper gradually reduced and entire ; panicle more or less compound, usually reddish, the filiform ascending branches leafless; pedicels capillary, once or twice as long as the flower, articulated at summit; flowers about 1.5 mm. the outer sepals granular ; achene four-fifths as broad as long. Sp. i. ( 1753), 338 ; Meisner, DC. Prod, xiv. 63. — Introduced from the Old World, a weed every- where especially in dry poor soil. — Specimens examined from British America from Prince Edward's Island and Nova Scotia to Vancouver Island ; and from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Penn- sylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Ohio, Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Colorado, Texas, and California. — Plate 13. §§^e«tosa. — Dioecious: inner segments of perianth (valves) rather finely reticulated, becoming round-cordate and much larger than the achene: foliage acid: inflorescence with slender leafless branches. — Perennial. i 2. R. HA8TATULU8, Baldw. — Tufted, mostlj' a foot or two high, leaves exceptionally 2.5x10 cm., oblong or ob- lauoeolate, obtuse to subacute, some of them, especially on pistillate pIants,hastato with a short and often broad spread- ing auricle on each side; panicle mostly ample and rather open ; pedicels capillary, once or twice as long as the fruit, ob- scurely articulated below the middle ; valves about 4 mm. in diameter, short clawed, sometimes slightly pointed, without callosities, the middle sometimes papillate; achene 1x1.5 mm.— Muhl. Cat. 2 ed. (1818), 37; Elliott, Sk. Bot. S. C. andGa. i. (1821), 416; Watson, Bot. King. 314.— R. Engelmanniy Meisner, DC. Prod. xiv. 64. — Sandy bluffs and fields. Long Island to Florida, in the lower Mississippi Valley, and in Texas. — Specimens examined from Aquebogue, {Youngs 1873), and Wading River, Long Island, (Miller, 1873, 1878), New Jersey, (Smith, n MISSOUUI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 1890), North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Missouri, Indian Territory, and Texas, one collection (^aW, 1872, 540 in vari- ous herbaria) with sublinear very hastate leaves. — Plate 14. 3. R. Geyeri, (Meisner). — Somewhat tufted, about a foot high; leaves exceptionally 3x9 cm., spatulate to lanceolate or the shortest somewhat elliptical-ovate, obtuse or acute, very gradually narrowed at base, neither auricled nor hastate; intiorescence rather simple, with suberect branches ; pcdicelsabout as long as the fruit, jointed toward the base; valves about 4 mm. in diameter, clawless, some- times with a very minute rounded basal callosity; achene 1x2 mm. — li. JEngelmanni, /? Geyeri ^ Mcisn. in DC- Prod, xiv. ( 1856) 64. — R.paiicifolhis, Nutt. Mss., Watson, Bot. King. (1871), 314. — Parks etc., in the mountains, from Wyoming and British America to Colorado, Utah, and California. — Specimens examined from N. Kootanie Pass, Brit. Amer. (Dawson, 1883), Montana (Flathead River, Nuttall), Wyoming (/iaytZen, 1860; Parry, 1873,249; Forwood, 1881, ^Q), Yellowstone Park {Letlerman, 1885; Knowlton, 1888), Colorado (North Park, /Sheldon, 1884, 135), Utah (Watson, 1^)9,1054; Porter, 1873), Idaho (Hayden, 1871), Washington (SuJcsdorJ, 1883; Bran- degee, 1883, 1068), Oregon (Geyer, 488; LyaU, 1860; Cronhhiie, 1864; Cusick, 1881, 984), and California {Brewer, 1863, 1696; Lemmon, 1874, 711; tihockley, 1886, 495), — Plate 15. ^ 4. R. AcEToSA, L. — Simple, afoot or two high, fre- quently papillate about the nodes and on the midrib of loaves; leaves occasionally 4x10 cm., ovate or oblong- ovate, mostly obtuse, deeply cordate with commonly acute auricles, or subsagittate, a small tooth sometimes present on each auricle; inflorescence rather simple and compact ; pedicels about as long as the fruit, conspicuously jointed in the middle ; outer sepals of pistillate flowers relatively large, < ,'. < .'. 1 REVISION OF RUMEX. 79 reflexed even ia flowering; valves orbicular, 5 mm. in diameter, olawless, usuJly with a delicate callosity at base; achene 1.2x2.5 mm. — Sp. i. (1753), 337; Meisner, DC. Prod, xiv, 64.— Apparently indigenous from Labrador to hake Superior, Alaska, and Oregon ; and introduced from the Old World at a few points in the Northern States probably as a waif from gardens, in which it is sometime:^ cultivated for its acid foliage. — Specimens examined from Labrador {Bryant, 1860), Toronto (Macoun, 1878) ajd Point aux Pins, Canada {Macouiit 1869, 84), N. Shore L. Superior {Pitcher), Quatcho Lake {Dawson, 1876), Morley {Macoun, 188'i), and Arctic N. A. {Richardson on Franklin Exp.), Alaskir (hb. Dep. Agr.), Vancouver Isl. {Macoun, 1887), Oregon {Hall, 1871, 442; Howell, 1882), Charlotte, Vt. (Pringle, 1877, 1879), Penn Yan, N. Y. ( Wright), and Brookfield, Pa. ( Canby, 1862).— Plate 16. §§§ZrapatAum.-> Hermaphrodite or andro-monoecious : inner segments of perianth (valves) commonly reticulated, becoming round or elongated and much larger than the achene : leaves only exceptionally acid, never hastate : inflorescence with stouter sometimes leafy branches. — Peren- nial except B. persicariotdes and B. bucephalophorus. * Valves at most very minutely erose or low-denticulate. 4- Valves very large (16 to 50 mm. long), mostly rosy, round or broadly ovate, deeply cordate, without callosities: whorls rather remote but overlapping in fruit: outer sepals at length reflexed : stipular sheaths very large and loose. 5. B. vENOsns, Pursh. — A span to mostly about a foot high (from deep-seated thin roots?), branching from most of the axils and spreading, glabrous ; leaves firm, not wavy, at most 5x10 cm. elliptical or elliptical-ovate, abruptly acute at both ends; inflorescence nearly simple, leafless, the short zigzag branches divergent; pedicels rather stout, about as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed below the middle ; valves rather firm, orbicular or broader than long, 20 to 50 mm. in diameter, the sinus often closed, emarginate to shortly blunt acuminate ; achene 4x7 mm. — Fl. ii. (1814), 733 ; Meisner, DC. Prod. xiv. — Dry sandy soil in the plains 80 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. and foot hills, British Columbia to Oregon, Nevada, Da- kota and Kansas. — Specimens examined from Qu' Appelle (Macoun, 1879, 192 and 1534) and Swift Current, in British America {Macoun, 1884); and from Washington {Brandegee, 1883, 1067; 8uksdorf, 1886,896), Oregon {Spalding; 8uckley, 1855; Lyall, I860; Howell, 1880 and 1881; Cusick, 1881, 983; Henderson, 1886, 103), Montana {Hayden, 1860; Scribner, 1883, 247; Tweedy, 1888, 104), Wyoming {Hayden, 1853-4), Dakota (Hayden, 1853; Glatfelter, 1865, 376; Vaaey, 1868. 499; Canhy, 1883, 278; Manning, 1884), Nevada, {An- derson, 1865, 243; Watson, 1868, 1048), Utah (Hayden, 1859; Jones, 1880, 1729), Colorado {Hall and Harbour, 1862,495; Parry, 1867, 186 ; Brandegee,lS7A', Farwdl, 1890), and Kansas {Damon, 1888; Kellerman, 1889).— Plate 1 7 . Young plants distributed from Oregon by Howel I in 1885 may possibly belong here, possibly to aalicif alius. 6. R. HTMENOSEPALUS, Torr. — One to three feet high, from a cluster of deep-seated Dahlia-like tuberous roots, subsimple, papillate to glabrous, often red ; leaves rather succulent, more or less wavy margined, often 5x20 cm. or larger, elliptical to oblanceolate, obtuse to very sharply acuminate, the acute base decurrent on the short thick peti- oles ; inflorescence ample, compound, with elongated suh- erect branchei?; pedicels slender, about as long as the fruit, less tumidly jointed below the middle ; valves flexible, ovate, about 10x15 mm., obtuse to subacute, with an open sinur^; achene 3x5.3 mm. — Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. (1858), 177 ; Watson, Bot. Calif, ii. 8, 479 ; Parry, Amer. Nat. ix. 350 ; Greene, Am. Nat. xii. 175 ; Havard, Proc. Nat. Mus. 1885, 525 ; Vasey & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. i. 11 ; Brandegee, PI. from Baja, 204; Rusby, Drug. Bull. Nov. 1890.--/2. Saxei, Kell. Pac.Rur. Press, 1879; H, Arizonicus, Britt., Trans. N. Y. Acad. viii. (1888), 73. — Dry soil in the plains and lower mountains, California and Lower Cali^ ^rnia to Utah, the Indian Territory, and Texas. — Specimens REVISION OF RUMGX. 81 da, Da- Appelle •rent, in ihington Oregon U, 1880 1, 103), Tweedy f Dakota I, 1868, la, (Alt- Hay den, Jarboury FarwdU 889).— y Howell nfolius. )et high , 18 roots, s rather k20 cm. sharply ickpeli- ted sub- he fruit, B, ovate, n sinui) ; 8), 177; ix. 350 ; 18. 1885, mdegee, 90.--i2. 8, Britt. , il in the ali^'^rnia )ecimeu3 examined from California {BigeloWj 1854; Egloffatein^ 1854; Brewer, 1863, 405; Bolander & Kellogg, 1866; Vaaey, 1880, 547, and 1881; Mrs. Bush, 1880; Pringle, 1882; Parish, 1882 & 1884, 678, 1888 ; Brandegee, 1886; JJasse, 1888), Lower California (Palmer, 1889, 689, 829), Arizona (Palmer, 1867, 224; Lemmon, 1881, 281), Utah (Mrs. Thompson, 1872; Parry, 1874, 246; Palmer, 1877, 422 ; Jones, 1880, 1643), New Mexico (Fendler, 1847, 758; Wright, 1852, 1782; Bandeiier, 1882; Matthews, 1883), Indian Territory (Palmer, 1868, 291), and Texas (Thur- ber, 1855, 140; Reverchon, 1882, 129). — Plate 18. 4- ••- Valves small or medium sized (not over 10 mm.long), only mod- erately if at all cordate. ♦♦ Valves round or very broadly ovate, flexible, low -reticulate : pedi- cels slender or capillary: stems glabrous except in B, c-iapua. 7. R. OCCIDENTALI8, S. Wats. — Mostly two or three feet high, erect or abruptly ascending, rather stout, subsimple ; leaves somewhat fleshy, glabrous, glossy, bluish green, wavy margined, the lower ample or very large, ovate or mostly oblong-ovate, truncately cordate, the apex rounded to sub- acute ; panicle strict, dense and rosy in fruit, naked or with few small leaves below ; whorls somewhat remote but over- lapping; pedicels 2 to 3 times as long as the fruit, very obscurely and not tumidly jointed below the middle ; valves sometimes rosy, 5 to 6 mm. long (exceptionally 7x9 mm.) deltoid-ovate, often only slightly cordate, remotely erose or denticulate, rounded or obtuse at apex, without callosities (but one midrib occasionally somewhat thickened); achene 2 to 2.5x4 ram.— Proc. Amer. Acad. xii. (1876), 253.— i?. longifolius, Meisnor, DC. Prod. xiv. 44, as to the American plant and its synonyms. — Damp or rich soil, Labrador to Alaska, south to Canada, California, and in the mountains to Texas. — Specimens examined from Labrador (Storer; Allen, 1882, 64), Hudson's Bay {Bell, 1884), Arctic America (Richardson on. Franklin Exp.), Canada (Allen, 1881; Macoun, 1883), Saskatchewan (Bourgeau, 1858) and 82 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. various points in British Columbia ; and from Alaska {Tiling, 1867,159; Ball <& Harrington, 1S72 ; MIson, 1877; The Albatross, 1888, 2), Washington {SuTcsdorf, 1885, 604), Oregon {Lyall, 1858; Howell, 1877, 355, and 1880), California {Blanhinship, 181)1, Mrs. Austin, 1880), Idaho, {Sandberg, 1887), Montana ( Canhy, 1882), Nevada ( Watson, 1868, 1049), Utah ( Ward, 1875, 411), Colorado {Hall S Harbour, 1862, 158, 499; Vaseij, 1868, 4S8; Greene, 1870,352, and 1871,548; Engelmann, 1874 and 1881 ; Brandegee, 1877 ; Trelease, 1891), Arizona (Lemmon, 1882, 2879), New Mexico (Fendler, 1847, 759), and Texas {Ravenel, 1869, in hb. Dep. Agr. ) — Kelatcd to R. aquaticus, L. (which was collected on ballast at Camden, N. J., in 1879 by Mr. Marti ndale). — Plate 19. Var. NANUS (Hook.), R. domesticus, ^. nanus, lAook., Bot. Bor. Amer. ii. (1840), 129, probably comprises the simpler and more dwarf purple-stemmed plants of north- west Arctic America and the adjacent islands, which have been variously referred to domeslicus, longifolius, and arcticus. They have commonly rather thick and succulent stems and subelliptical leaves, but all that I have seen are too immature for satisfactory determination with my present knowledge of the genus. — Specimens referred here doubt- fully: — Wright, on Ringgold and Rodgers Exped. ; Stejne- ger, 1882, 12, and 1883, 50; Ball, 1872; Mnir, 1881, 125 and 217 (the last from Siberia ) ; Murdoch, 1883; and /Str. Corwin, 1884. — A very similar plant in hb. California Academy from Golovnin Bay ( Yernans, 1884). 8. R. Patientia, L. — Usually about three leet high, erect, stout, subsimple ; leaves acid, usually quite wavy, ample or the lowest very large, ovate-lanceolate and ellip- tical, acute, the base rounded or decurrently acute, the principal veins often slightly papillate below; panicle strict, very dense in fruit, with few small leaves; whorls compact and approximate ; pedicels nearly twice as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed near the base or below the REVISION OF RUMEX. 83 middle; valves 5 to 8 mm. in diameter, orbicular or broader than long, conspicuously cordate, erose or obtusely low dentate below, round or bluntly short acu- minate at apex ; callosities solitary (exceptionally wanting or a second or third developed), globose, smooth, rarely 1 mm. long; achene 2x3.5 mm. — Sp. i. (1753), 333; Meis- ner, DC. Prod. xiv. 51. — Introduced along roadsides and in fields at various points in the Atlantic States, from Europe, where it is cultivated for its acid foliage ; possibly escaped from German kitchen gardens in its American stations. — Specimens examined from Saskatchewan {Ma- coun, 1872, 1030), Ontario {Macoun, 1874), Ver- mont {Jesupt 1873), Massachusetts (Hitchcock, 1829? Tuckennan; Jeaup), New York (Howe; Brown, 1879, on ballast), New Jersey ( Schrenk, 1879, and Martindale, 1880, on ballast), Pennsylvania (Martindale, 1882), Wisconsin ( Trelease, 1887), Iowa (Hitchcock), Kansas (Kellerman), and Utah (Jordan Valley, Watson, 1869, 1050),— the last named locality quite out of the usual range, but the plants scarcely anything else. — Plate 20. 9. R. Britannica, L. — Three or four feet high, erect, stout, at length considerably branched ; leaves glabrous, little undulate, ample or the lowest very large, elliptical to ovate lanceolate, decurrently rounded or commonly acute at base, the apex very gradually pointed; panicle few leaved, ample, rather dense in fruit; whorls rather dense, remote but at length overlapping; pedicels about twice as long as the fruit, very obscurely and not tumidly jointed toward the base; valves 4x4.5 to 5x6 mm., round ovate, scarcely cordate, remotely erose or low-denticu!ate, obtuse, their lower veins sometimes much thickened at base ; callosi- ties 3, subequal, broad and low, sometimes wrinkled on the sides, more than half as long ; achene 1.7x3. 5mm. — Sp. i. (1753), 334; Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad, viii.^399.— i?. orhiculatus, Gray, various editions of the Manual. — Swamps, New Brunswick to the Lakes, south to New Jersey, Illinois, 84 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. and Iowa.— Specimens examined from New Brunswick {Chalmers, 1876; Fowler, 1870, 1871, with valves evi- dently toothed and very unequal iu the same panicle, some of them 8 mm. long), Prince Edward's Island {Macoun, 1888) and other points in Canada (Macoun, 1865, 1882, 1888), Maine {Redfield, 1889), New Hampshire {Blake, 1861), Massachusetts (Boott, 1864, 1866; Uohhins; Jesup, 1872, 1876; Rhode Island {Gongdon, 1873, 1878), Con- necticut {Eaton; Potter), New York {Torrey; Vasey, 1882), New Jersey {Austin, 1861; Britton, 1887), Pennsylvania ( Wolle, 1841, 47 ; Garber), Ohio {Lea, no. 10), Illinois ( Vasey), Michigan ( Wright, 1838 ; Bob- bins^ 1863, 52), Minnesota {Douglass, 1891), Wisconsin {Lapham, 1843; Pammel, 1887), and lovf^ {Arthur , 100; Hitch cock ) . — Plate 2 1 . 10. R. CRISPDS, L. — A couple of feet high, erect, rather stout, simple, glabrous to slightly papillate, leaves bluish green, the petiole and principal veins papillate, very wavy margined, the lowest ample, elliptical to mostly oblong- lanceolate, rather obtuse, rounded or decurrently acutish at base ; flowering branches rather strict, somewhat leafy; whorls dense and approximated ; pedicels about one-half longer than the fruit, tumidly jointed near the base ; valves 3 to 5 mm. long, round-ovate, barely cordate, rounded or with a broad blunt acumin«».tion, minutely erose or ex- ceptionally broadly dentate below ; callosities 3, subequal, or two smaller, often rosy, smooth, ovoid, reaching to the middle of the valve ; achene 1.5x2.5 mm. — Sp. i. (1753), 335; Mtisaer, DC. Prod. xiv. 44. — Roadsides, pastures, etc., everywhere; introduced from Europe. — Specimens examined from various points in Canada, Maine, Massa- chusetts, New York, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, South Carolina, Alabama, Florida ( Chaxtman), Mississippi, Louisiana, Indian Territory, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah {-Jones, 1879, 1183), Wyoming? REVISION OF UUMEX. 85 {Jones Exped. 273), Idaho (Sandberg, 1887, 75), Van- couver Island (Macoun, 1887), and California. — Plate 22. Slender Californian plants with crisp sub-papillate leaves, simple elongated panicles, and rather large valves, one of them with a callosity ,-xef erred here with some doubt, occur as follows in the Gray herbarium. — Monterey {Brewei\ 1863,694); Oakland? (brewer, 1863, 2597); Cambria {Palmer^ 1876, 460 in part, some of the specimens being R. pulcher in hb. Dept. Ag.), and San Bernardino (Fasey, 1880). •^ +^ Valves tricngular- ovate to oblong, sometimes with a contracted apex. = Pedicels long and slender but rigid, abruptly reflexed near the base then straight; valves rigid, with heavy veins, all of them with elongated wrinkled callosities : glabrous throughout. 11. R. VERTiciLLATUS, L. — A couplc )f feet high from a cluster of short conical roots, erect or quickly ascending, or occasionally decumbent and rooting at the nodes ; rather slender, subsimple ; leaves not wavy, the lower sometimes 5x40 cm., lanceolate or mostly oblong lanceolate, gradually acute at each end; petioles spongy; inflorescence nearly leafless, with few ascending branches; whorls dense, very remote below ; pedicels thrice as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed close to the base, gradually thickened toward the flower; valves 4x4 to 5 mm., deltoid to subhastately 3 lobed, more or less cuneate at base ; callosities 1 mm. broad and as long as the valve exclusive of its apical lobe ; achene 2x3.5 mm.— Sp. i. (1753), 334; Meisner, DC. Prod. xiv. 47. — Swamps, commonly close to the water, Canada to Florida, Texas and Iowa. — Specimens examined from Ontario {Macourit 1877, 1540), Vermont (Jesup, 1873), Massachusetts {Jesup, 1875), New York {Carey ^ 1834; Gray; BooUt 1855; Beck; Sartwell)^ Pennsylvania {Hb, Bernhardi.)y Delaware (CawSy, 186F), Maryland, {Smith, 1879), Florida {lingel, 1843 ; Chapman; Deane; Saurman, 1868 ; Palmer, i874; Keeler; Canby, 1889), 86 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Alabama (ilfoAr), Louisiana {Lindheimevy 1859; Hale), Texas ( Wright; Lindheimer, 1843, 93), Ohio (Riddell, 1838), Indiana (Canby, 1862), Illinois, Michigan, ( Wright), Wisconsin (Hale, 1861 ; Douglas), and Iowa. — Plate 23. ~ ^ Pedicels shorter, arcuately recurved : valves more flexible and with lighter veins except in Floridanus, one or more of them with elongated callosities, except in forms of altissimua. a. Stem often glaucous, especially in the second : leaves pale green, lanceolate, minutely crcnulate-crisped, not undulate nor cordate: inflorescence nearly leafless. — Glabrous throughout. 12. R. Floridanus, Meisner. — A couple of feet high, slender, simple or with a few suberect branches ; leaves scarcely over 1.5x8 cm. (the lowest dying early), strongly crenulate, lanceolate, subacute; panicle leafless, simple, the few branches nearly erect ; whorls very dense, the lower remote, the upper closely approximated ; pedicels rather stout, once or twice as long as the fruit, in the former case concealed, tumidly jointed about the middle, apophysate next the flower ; valves 3.5 to 4 mm. long, deltoid, slightly blunt-pointed, with rather heavy veins ; callosities 3, sub- equal, less than 1 mm. broad, two-thirds as long as the valves, finely warty and somewhat wrinkled; achenel.Sx 2.7 mm. — DC. Prod. xiv. (1856), 46. — Known to me only through specimens from New Orleans (Joor, 1885) and Pointe a la Hache, La. (Langlois, 1880, no. 135, 1884, and 1885, no. 96), but presumably extending along the Gulf coast to Florida, where the type was collected by Rugel. — Plate 24. The inflorescence is suggestive of simple forms of the next species, but the leaves are more crenulate, and the fruiting valves are us heavily veined as in verticillatus, to which most of the material referred here by collectors apparently belongs. 13. R. ALTI88IMUS, Wood. — Two or three feet high from one or several long conical roots, rather slender, BEVISION OF RUMEX. 87 scarcely clustered, with ascending branches at or after flower- ing ; leaves as much as 7x20 cm., little crenulate, broadly lanceolate to ovate lanceolate, acute, mostly rounded at base ; inflorescence with several or in large plants numerous rather divergent branches, at length congested ; whorls dense, approximate ; pedicels rather slender, about as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed toward or near the base, more con ically thickened; valves 4x5 mm., deltoid, sub-acute; callosities 3, subequal (or occasionally one or none), white, wrinliled and pitted, 1 mm. wide and two-thirds as long as the valve; acheue 1.8x3 mm. — Class Book, (1847?), 477; Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. viii. 399.-1?. Brilannicay Meisncr, DC. Prod. xiv. 47; Gray, Man- ual, editions prior to the 6th, not. L. fide Gray. I. c„ — Rich soil, especially near brooks, etc., Massachusetts and New York to Dakota, south to the District of Col- umbia, Nebraska, and Texas. — Specimens examined from Nahant, Mass. (OakeSf as li. pallidus^ Bigelow), western New York ( Clinton^ 1864), Pennsylvania {Porter ^ 1857; Oarber, 1868), Maryland {Smith, 1881), District of Columbia ( PTanZ, 1876, 1879; Mohr, 1382), West Vir- ginia {Mertz, 1877 and 1878), Ohio {Frank, 1835; Lea; James), Indiana {ex hb. Wood), Illinois, Wisconsin, Dakota {Geyer, 1839, 143; Hayden, 1853; Glatfelter, 1865, 376 in part), Nebraska ( Webber, 1886 ; Hobn 1889 ), Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, Indian Territory, {Butler, 1877, 6), and Texas? {Reverchon, 1876; Tweedy, 1880; Jermy, 149). According to memoranda on a St. Louis specimen in the Meisner herbarium, Meisner regards this as the same as i?. Claytonii, Campdera ; but there is too much doubt concerning this point for me to displace the now established name given by W^ood. — Plate 25. 14. R. 8ALICIFOLIUS, Wcium. — Habit and aspect of the preceding but more tufted and ascending; leaves rarely over 2.5 xl5 cm., lanceolate, often falcate, acute at both ends ; pedicels scarcely equalling the fruit or a few in each 98 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. cluster longer, jointed near the base ; valves 2 to 3 x 4 to 5 mm., triangular ovate, acute, more delicately veined ; cal- losities variable in number, smooth or mostly pitted, often nearly as long as the valve, 1 mm. or more broad, leaving typically a very narrow margin on each side; acheiie 1.3 X 1.7 to 2.5 mm.— Flora, 1821, 28; Meisner, DC. Prod. xiv. 47. — Arctic [America across to Alaska, south to New Hampshire, the Great Lakes, and in the mountains to Southern California and Mexico, where it closely approaches li. Mexicanus. — Specimens examined from various British American points between New Brunswick and Vancouver Island; Alaska {Tiling^ 1867, 394); and Maine {Boott^ 1861; Rand, 1888), New Hampshire (Canbij, 1866), Ashland, Wisconsin {Farwell, 1887), Keweenaw Co., Mich. {FarwelU 1890), Western Missouri! {Bush, 1890), Wash- ington, Oregon {Hall, 1871, 441; LyalU 1858, 1860; Bowelly 1882), California, Montana {Scribner, 1883, 246), Idaho, Wyoming (Forwood, 1882, 177), Colorado, Utah ( Ward, 1875, 540; Palmer, 1877, 421), New Mexico (Fendler, 1847, 760 and 761; Rusbf/, 1880), Arizona ( Coues and Palmer, 1865), Nevada ( Watson, 1868, 1051), Texas {Mei^ill, 1886), and Lower California (Orcutt, 1884).— Plate 26. As here accepted, this species comprises several forms so far as the fruiting valves and achenia are concerned. The Asiatic form is said to have only one or two of the valves with callosity. In this respect two principal American forms may be distinguished: — a, with valves deltoid or abruptly acuminate, often evidently denticulate below, the margin conspicuous on either side of the frequently solitary callosity ; b, with valves more narrowly triangular, nearly or quite entire, nearly concealed by the mostly 3 large callosities. The first in its more toothed form is var. denticulatus, Tovr. Bot. Mex. Bound. (1859), 178. The second in its most pronounced form is var. Lngustifolius, Ledebour, Fl. Ross. iii. (1849), 504. It may be that these forms will bear separation, even from the Old World type; but tho (frequently young) specimens in herbaria i w^ I. \ t 5> t- \ EEVI8ION OF RUM EX. 89 show so many intermediate forms and admit of so poor a geographical delimitation, that I cannot find good grounds for recognizing more than a single species. A more zigzag plant with broad elliptical rather firm leaves (3x8 cm.) and one valvo almost covered by the very large callosity (1.5 to 2 x 3 to 4 mm.), the other two naked, occurs from Sta. Cruz Mountains {Kellogg & McLean, 1876, 597), Sta. Lucia Mountains (Brandegee, 1885), and about San Francisco, Cal. ( Vasey, 1880, 545; ilfrs. BrandegeCy 1882; Blankhiship, 1891). Others may consider this to be clearly distinct, but I leave it here for the present. Kellogg t& Harford, 1868, 867, judging from a fragment in hb. Gray., may be the same. 6. Not glaucous : leaves mostly darker greon, the lower broadly ovate or widest above the middle, undulate, sometimes cordate or abruptly rounded at base: inflorescence las. — Plants two or three feet high. 15. R. Beulandieri, Meisner. — Erect or quiciily ascend- ing, glabrous to somewhat papillate; stem rather stout and srcculent, mostly reddish, subsimple, zigzag above; leaves becoming 4x20 cm., spatulato to oblanceolate, obtuse; panicles terminal and axillary, leafless except for the main axis, the branches divergent or ascending; whorls dense, remote except above ; pedicels rather stout, al)out as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed below the middle; valves 2.5 to 3 x 3 to 4 mm., subtriangular, erose or mostly with three or four very evident teeth on each side towards the base ; callosities mostly 3, oblong, wrinkled on the sides below, unequal, the larger .7 mm. wide, extending beyond the middle of the valve; achene 1x2.3 mm. — DC. Prod. xiv. (1856), 45. — Arizona and New Mexico through Texas to Mexico. — Specimens examined from Arizona {Palmer, 1876, 638; Evans, 1891), New Mexico ( Wright, 1851, 1781 ; 1852, 347, 1780), Texas {Bound. /Surv, 1173; Lindheimer, 1843; Fascy, 1881; Havard, 1881, 111; Miss Croft, 115), and Mexico {Mercier, 1828, 115; Berlandier, 885, and 1831, 2315; Palmer, 1880, 1182).— Plate 27. . , C SClLiVCt tMi«/,'. vJUL 10 1948 ;/ A ^iS> ^/''' ^ 90 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 16. R. CONGLOMERATU8, Murray. — Mostly clustered, slender stemmed, glabrous; leaves not over 5x10 cm., ovate or mostly oblong, frequently somewhat fiddle shaped, obtuse ; flowering branches slender, at length elongated ; not zigzag, ascending, bearing a broadly lanceolate loaf at nearly every node ; whorls dense, very remote except at ends of branches ; pedicels rather slender, about as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed near the base; valves 1.5x2.5 mm., nearly oblong, obtuse ; callosities mostly 3, round to ovoid, very prominent, smooth except for the sides below, where they pass into the larger veins, half as long and nearly as wide as the valves; achcne 1.5x2 mm. — Prod. Fl. Goetting. (1770), 52; Meisner, DC. Prod.xiv. 49. — A European plant introduced sparingly along the Atlantic Coast, and abundantly in California. — Specimens examined from Virginia ( Gurliss^ 1872 ; Dep. Agr.^ 1878), South Carolina (/?ayeue?)» «n^ various parts of California {Palmer^ 1875; liothrockj 1875, 64; Parry and Lemmon 1876, 372; G^reene, 1876, 970; Hooker nn^ Gray, 1877; Nevin, 1878; James, 1879; Vasey, 1880, 546; Mrs. Brandegee, 1891 ; Blankinship, 1891 ), — and ballast at New York {Brown, 1879, 12). — Plate 28. R. SANGUINEUS, L. — Habit and general appearance of the last, but the slender flowering branches leafless, and one only of the valves with a large round callosity ; veins of leaves, etc., typically very red. — Sp. i. (1753), 334; Meisner, DC, Prod. 49. — An occasional waif in the Atlantic region, seen by me only from ballast at Philadel- phia {Martindale, 1880). — A form destitute of the red veining (var. viridis. Smith) from Tuscaloosa, Ala, {Smith, 1876), and on ballast near Phildelphia {Martin' dale, 1878), and at N. Y. City (Brown, 1879, 15). This species was described by Linnaeus as from «* Vir- ginia," but there is little doubt that it is a native of Europe. What has frequently passed for it in this country is the red-veined variety of Ji. obtusi/oUua, which is readily 4 ^ 4 i r REVISION OF BUMEX. 91 'a ^i recognized from its large ovato leaves not at all constricted above the base, and its large strongly toothed valves, much longer than the callosity. •• Valves very prominently toothed. 17. R. FULCHEB, L. — A couple of feet high; stem rather slender but firm, zigzag above, branching at nearly every node or at length diohotomous above, mostly glabrous ; leaves not over 5x12 cm., minutely crenulate crisped, fiddle shaped, cordate, obtuse to acute, the petiole and one or both surfaces of the principal veins mostly very papil- late or subvillous ; flowering branches simple, divaricate, all but their lowest leaves very small ; whorls dense but remote ; pedicels very stout, scarcely larger than the fruit, tumidly jointed in the middle ; valves rigid, one commonly larger than the others, heavily veined, 3 to 4x5 mm., ovate, obtuse, with 5 to 10 stout teeth on each side, the short apex more or less erose; callosities frequently solitary, 1 mm. broad, half as long as the valve, wrinkled and often crested ; achene 1.5x2.5 mm. — Sp. i. (1753), 336. — From the Mediterranean region, introduced in dry ground along the Atlantic Coast, especially southwardly, and on the Pacific slope. — Specimens examined from Virginia {^Morong^ 1877; Seaman^ 1877; Chickering, 1878; Vasey^ 1878, 421), Charleston, S. C. (Heosamer and Mater, 1855, 22), Mobile, Ala. (Mohr, 1871, 1890), Florida {Chapman), Pointe a la Hache, La. {Langlois, 1883), Nevada {Engel- mann, 1880), Oregon {UowelU 1887, 712), and California ( Torreyy 1865, 422; Palmer , 1876, 460 in part; Hilgard, 1891; Blankinship, 1891). Ballast specimens also from New York {Brown) and Camden, N.J. {Parker, 1879; Martindale, 1879, 18S0.) — Plate 29. 18. R. OBTUSiFOLius, L. — Two or three feet high, erect; stem usually and sometimes strongly papillate; leaves somewhat undulate, ample or the lowest very large, broadly ovate, cordate, frequently acute, the often purple veins papillate, especially beneath ; flowering branches sub-erect, i r 92 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. sparingly leafy below ; lower whorla loose and rather re- mute; pedicels slender, about twice as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed toward the b-ise, valves flexible, not very heavily veined, 2 to 3x4 to ' m., ovate-oblong, with 3 to 5 thin triangular teeth on e side, mostly confined to the lower half or two-thirds, the triangular entire apex mostly acute ; callosities smooth, ovoid, scarcely reaching the mid- dle of the valve, the largest one about 1 mm. broad, the other two usually very small; acheno 1.3x2.2 mm. — Sp. i. (1753), 335 ; Meisncr, DC. Prod. xiv. 53. — Roadsides, pastures, etc., everywhere in the East; introduced from Europe. — Specimens examined from points in Canada, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illi- nois, Tennessee, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Idaho, Arkansas {Bigelow on Whipple's Exped.), Texas, ( Reverchoriy 1874), Oregon {Kellogg and Harford, 1809, 869). — Plato 30. Var. DISCOLOR, Wallroth, with the stem purple and the leaves very red veined, like baot leaves, is only an extreme colorform often not distinguishable in herbarium specimens. What is probably that, examined from Nova Scotia (MacouHy 1883), Vancouver Island (Macoun^ 1887) and California {Kellogg ^ 1866). This appears to comprise the greater part of the R. sanguineus of American collectors. A hybrid of ohtusifolius with crispus occurs quite fre- quently about St. Louis {cf. Meisner, DC. Prod, xiv, 54), intermingled with the parent forms or in the vicinity of one or the other. From the first, it differs in the decided blue green color of the leaves, the somewhat greater undula- tion of their margin, and the narrower outline of all but the lowermost, and in its variable fruiting valves being of unequal size, often broader than long, the lower two-thirds abruptly dilated and with 4 to 5 short acute teeth on each side, often unequally grown together, the three valves bearing prominent callosities. From crispus it differs in the more compound and lax panicle^ broader lower leaves, and ^ REVISION OF RUMEX. 99 deltoid or almost d-lohed sharply toothed vulves. It is found also in other localities, and may usually be recognized from a distance owing to the ragged appearance of the inflorescence, only a small percentage of the flowers en- larging (and fewer yet developing seed), so that the fruit- ing valves appear abnormally large by contrast, while they persist after the falling of the undeveloped flowers. So far as I can determine, this is R, acutus^ L. =: li. pratensisy M. <^- K., which occurs throughout northern Eu- rope ( where it is often sterile ) , and is now generally admitted to bo a hybrid of the two species named. Related but dis- tinguishable hybrids are the Scandinavian R. conspersusj Iloruem. , R.platyphi/llos^F .W . Aresch. , and R. propinquus, J. E. Areschoug, — on all of which see F. W. Areschoug in Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Forh., 1862, 57-76 with plate 3. American specimens have been examined from numerous localities in and about St. Louis, Mo., Belleville, 111., North Manitou Isl., L. Mich. (Mrs. Wislizenus)^ Ithaca, N. Y. (Dudley^ 1883, 114), Amherst, Muss. {Jesupt 1871), and Washington, D. C. ( Ward, 1884).— Plate 31. 19. B. PERSIGARIOIDE8, L. — Annual, a span to mostly a couple of feet high, slender to thick but soft stemmed, the larger plants branching from the base and often pros- trate and rooting at the nodes, soon fistulous, subglabrous to mostly papillate-villous ; leaves pale grocn, usually un- dulate, the largest 3x18 cm., lanceolate, mostly acute, the base commonly truncate, rounded or subcordute, papillate beneath on the principal veins ; panicles leafy, axillary and terminal, the very dense whorls crowded to quite remote; pedicels capillary, scarcely twice as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed at base; valves 1.5x2.5 mm., equalled in length by the 2 or 3 bristle-form teeth on each side, the apex acutely produced but not bristle tipped; callosities 3, subequal, smooth, .3 to .4 mm. broad, compressed from the sides, nearly as long as the body of the valve; achene .6x1.2 mm. — Sp i. (1753), 335. — R. maritimus of most recent 94 MlSt^OURI BOTANICAL UAKDRN. writers on American botany. — Wet sand along the sea- coast of the nortiicrii Atluntio States, about salt springs at various points in the interior, and on river banks, beaches, etc., acrossBntishAraorioa, extending southward to Illinois, southern California and Mexico, — Specimens examined from various points in British America, and from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Now Jersey, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Nebranka, Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Yellowstone Park, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, California, Oregon and Washington. — Plate 32. The usual form, with narrow collosities and much elongated bristles, differs from the European Ji. maritimus only in the frequent wavy margin and obtuse base of the leaves and the occasional development of a third bristle on each side of the valves ; and a few seu-shore specimens apparently belong to the normal form of the latter. If it is kept apart from the European plant, it must bear the name here employed, and I am inclined to think that it is as distinct as most Old World species of the maritimus group. But in any event, if precedence on a given page is held to establish the priority of one name over anothei, persicarioides has precedence over maritimus. R. crispatulust Michx., Fl. i. (1803), 217, is the form with broadest most wavy leaves, more naked inflorescence, and larger valves, only two of them bearing unequal callosities ; but a study of the many forms growing inter- mingled about St. Louis, has not shown the wisdom of maintaining it even ua a variety. A specimen from Washington (Suksdorff 1889, 943), has nearly entire valves, but the usual form occurs under the same number ; and a very similar plant is R. salicifolius, var. ( ?) of Watson, Bot. King. 314, from Nevada ( Wat' son, 1868, 1052). R. BUCEPHALOPHORUS, L. — Annual, a Span or two high, spreading, slender, simple or with few subequal branches, glabrous and apparently somewhat glaucous ; leaves sqp,rcely f i <♦' ' I I 1 ¥ REVISION OF RUMEX. U 1 5x2 cm., rhombic ovate to oblanceolato, obtuse to acute, cuneate, not wavy, reduced and ultimately obsolete on the branches ; flowers in the upper axils forming slender spike- iike racemes, few in a whorl; pedicels once or twice as long as the fruit, at length much dilated and involute above so as to appear olavate, jointed below the middle, frequently papillate; outer sepals rather large, reflexed or arcuately spreading; valves 1x2 ram., somewhat 3-nerved, with a few trairsverso veins, acute or acutish, with about 3 broad hooked teeth on each side; callosities 3, minute, basal, acute margined ; achene .7x1.3 ram.— Sp. i. (1753), 336; Steinheil, Ann. So. Nat. 2 scr. ix. 193, pi. 7; Meisner, DC. Prod. xiv. 62. — A Mediterranean species of some- what the habit of Acetosa, represented by a single collec- tion from Louisiana (Port Eads, May 6, 1885, Langlois, no. 95 and 134). — Plate 33. I n MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. EXPLANATION OF PLATES ILLUSTRATINO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF RUMEX. The figures were drawn, under supervision of the author, by Mrs. J. C. DufEey and Miss Grace E. Johnson, whose signatures indicate the phites drawn by each. Nos. 13, 14, 22, 23, 25, 28, 30, 31 and 32 are from living plants; the remainder, from herbarium specimens. Illustrations of fruit are from drawings by the author. Plate 13, li. Acetosella L. — Rather large plant, reduced to half size; and fruit, inclosed in calyx, x 8. Plate 14, R. fiastatuluSy Baldw. — Staminate and pistil* late plants, half size; fruiting branch, natural size; fruit, X 4 ; achcnium, x 8. Plate 15,/?. Oeyeri (Meisn.). — Staminate and pistillate plants, one-sixth size ; leaves and fruiting branch, natural size ; fruit, x 4 ; achenium, x 8. Plate 16, R. Acetosa, L. — Staminate and pistillate plants, one-sixth size; leaf and fruiting branch, natural size; fruit, X 4; achenium, x 8. Plate 17, R. venoauSf Psh. — Habit, one-sixth size; loaves and fruit, natural size ; achenium, x 8. Plate 18, R. hymenosepalus^ Torr. — Roots and habit, one-sixth size ; leaf, half size; fruit, natural size ; achenium, X 8. Plate 19, R. occidentalism Wats. — Habit, one-sixth size; leaf, half size ; fruiting branch, natural size ; achenium, x8. Plate 20, R. Patienlia, L. — Habit, one-sixth size ; leaf, half size; fruiting brunch, natural size; achenium, x 8. Plate 21, R. Britannicay L. — Habit, one-sixth size; leaf, half size ; fruiting branch, natural size ; fruit, x 4 ; achenium, x 8. Plate 22, R. crispus, L. — Habit, one-sixth size; leaf. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. W* half size; fruiting branch, natural size; fruit, x 4; ache- nium, x8. Plate 23, B. vertidllatus, L. — Habit, one-sixth size ; root and leaf, half size ; fruiting branch, natural size ; fruit, x4 ; achenium, x 8. Plate 24, R. Floridanus, Meisn. — Habit, one-sixth size ; leaves, natural size; fruit and achenium, x 8. Plate 25, R. altissimusy Wood. — Habit, one-sixth size; leaf, half size ; fruiting branch, natural size ; achenium, x8. Plate 26, R. aalidfoUus, Weinra. — Habit sketches, one- sixth size; leaf , half size ; fruiting branch, natural size; two fruits and achenium, x8. Plate 27 , R. Berlandieri, Meisn. — Habit, one-sixth size ; leaves, half size ; fruiting branch, natural size ; fruit and achenium, x 8. Plate 28, R. conglomeratuSy Murr. — Young plant, one- sixth size (the branches become much more elongated and spreading); leaf , half size ; fruiting branch, natural size; fruit and achenium, X 8. Plate 29, R. pulcher, L. — Habit of young and old plants, one-sixth size ; leaves, half size ; fruiting branch, natural size; fruit and achenium, x 8. Plate 30, R. obtusifolius, L. — Habit, one-sixth size ; leaf, half size ; fruiting branch, natural size ; fruit and ache- nium, x8. Plate 31, R. crispus x obtuaifolius (R. acutus, L). — Habit, one-sixth size ; leaf, half size ; fruiting branch, nat- ural size; two fruits, x 4. Plate 32, R. persicarioides^ L. — Habit, one-sixth size ; leaf, half size ; fruiting branch, natural size ; fruit and ache- nium, x 8. Plate 33, R, bucephalophorus, L. — Habit, half size; leaves and fruiting branch, natural size; fruit and ache- nium, x8. m MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. INDEX TO SPECIES OP RUMEX. Synouymes iu parentheses. Acetosa, 75, 78. Acetosella, 76. acutu8, (93). altissimus, 86. aquaticus, 82. arcticus, (82). Arizonicus, (80). Berlandieri, 89. Britannica, 83, 87. bucephalophorus, 94. Claytonii, (87). conglomeratus, 90. crispus, 75, 84. crispatulus, (94). domesticus, (82). EngelmaDni, (77, 78). Floridanus, 86. Geyeri, 78. htistatulus, 77. hybrids, 75, 92. hymenosepalus, 76, 80. longifolius, (81, 82). maritlmus, (93). obtusifoliiis, 90, 91. occidental is, 81. orbiculatus, (83). palhdus, (87). Patient! a, 82. paucifolius, (78). persicarioides, 93. pratensir , (93). puleher, 85, 91. salicifolius, 75, 80,87,(94). sanguineus, 90, (92). venosus, 79. verticillatus, 85, 86. ; '^ -i^M^. ^^^\,wy^ '^^''' '-iW* ..^■'*«*^^ JUL 10 1918 KEI'T. MO. HOT. (iAHD., 18il2. I'LATK i:'.. i^^^'^-^^f-lM^^^^ kt'MKX a(;eto8i:li,a. 1!K1"I' MO. lioT. ti.vKI)., 1«>2. ri ATK II. .-..^f\!v. RUM i:X HASTATUH'S, HKl'T. MO. KOT. GAUD., I81li. I'l.AlK 15 Ul'MKN cii:vi:iii. UKI'T. MO. IJOT. (iAKI)., IS.l.'. I'l.AlK Hi, III MKX AOETOSA. Il V UKI'T. MO. l\Ul\ «J.\III».. l«M. I'l.ATK r*. < l4 jjj.:. IIUMKX VKNOSUS. KKI'T. .M<>. Ilur. i.AlfM., IKU I'l.All; l>. UrMKX MViMKNOSKl'AH!?. UKl'T. MO. I'.OT. (iARl).,]SS)-'. IM.AIK lit. % ^ f >< ,v '>.■'<■;■ ^^i^ -•>u *(• . I!IMK\ (>(■( IDKNl'.M.I'- 3 I liKI'l'. Mt». I'.O'l". ti.\lfl»., l-.i.'. I'l.ATK -Ml. UUMKX I'ATIKNTIA ni;r'j'. Mo, I'.or. (iAiu)., isoj I'l.ATK -M. Ur.MKX HIJirANMCA. / ff IJKl'l . M«), KOI'. (iAItH , lSl)-.>. IM.ATK a.'. uuMi;\ cuisi'i s. ^ KKI'T. M(». I»)T. (;a1M>., 18«i. I'l.ATK iH. %f!/ RLMIOX VEUTICILLATUS. IIKI'T. Mo. HOT. (iAItli., 1*IJ. I'l.ATK U. \ UDMKX KKOKIDAMIS. fe I »; * { Ulll'T. M<>. nor. (iAUIt., lM!i,j. I'l.ATK ■.»,•(. i «. * f^- "^'-^^ •^krM-' '^f\^^^ # UUMKX ALTISSIMIS. V f KEl'T. MO. IJOT. (iAliO, IWi'.'. I'l.AlK iC, liUMEX SAI.IOIFOI.IUS. v, } UEl'T. MO. HOT. CiAKt)., Iriit.'. I'LATK J7. « V UUMKX UKIJLANDIIIJI. ! l!i;i*T. M<). HOT. (iAUD., IH'.)1. I'l.ATi; Js. f. * in MK\ ( ONiilOMKHATlS. RKPT. MO. HOT. GAKI)., 181)2. I'l.ATK 29. ' %^- -*^. %i "''% /M'" RUMKX PULCHEH. ' KKI'I'. .M»». l!i>T. t.AWI)., 18'.I2. I'l.XTK m. UKMKX onTrSlFOLH'S. ) > i ItKI'i". M«». iio'i'. <;Alil)., IS'.i.; I'l.AI'K ;!i UUMKX OHTUSll'OLlL'S X CKISl'US. I c»» KKI'T. M<», IIUT. (.AKIt., I-;".' I'r.MK li. I laMKX rKKSICAUIOlDES. KEPT. MO. HOT. (JABD., 1802. Platk 8.3. UUMEX imCRPHALOPIIOIlUS.