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O F COMPENDI % ', Captain C K' % LAST V O Y A G E, rXtrOBMtD IM TKS YEARS 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780; ''• tNWHiCH ' ALL THE INTERESTING TRANSACTIONS ARE RE- CORDED, PARTICULARLY THOSE RELATIVE ^T O H I 8 . ' VNFORTUNATE DEJTH, W I T H A MAP of the NEW DISCOVERIES, A N O T H B t TRACK OF THE SHIPS. M LONDON. Printed for G. Kearslet* tt No. 46, bt Fleet Street. M D ^ C h'lt XXIV. [ Price Three ShlUin^, lewed. ] PfR l«Pli mmm V 1 * /*^ ifll-. \ PR ■<■ V E F A TO THE O L U M E .VVBtllRXD VNDXB THB TITLB OF AM ABRIDGE MEN T. Jl ERHAPS in no inftancc has the public curio- fity been, more excited, than by the work from which this little Volume has been extracted. The price of the fplendid and elegant quarto Edition lately printed by order of the Lords of the Admiralty, under the patronage of His Majefty, is unavoidably (from the numerous and expenP.ve engravings) fo very high, that the majority of the Public are excluded from the pleafiire of reading it : and it is an undoubted fa£(, that not one perfon in fifty can with convenience, or propriety, make the' purchafe, however eager their curiofity to perufe it; To accommodate the great number who are included in this defcription, has been the principal aim in printing this Epitome : J. am therefore iti hopes, the intention will be accepted as an apology for any defe6ls which may be found in the execution* His Majefty's motives in proje£bing thefe long and hazardous voyages, were truly laudable, as they had 4he general benefit of fociety without dlftiiic^ a 2 (ioiiV no5oo . tion,. and the honour of Great Britain in parti- cular, for their objects. % < TUis Abridgement will cOnfiderably conttlbute to the accompliihment of thofe defirable pucfuits; purfuits worthy of a great King> reigning ovfr a great People* Into what contempt do the trifling amufement* of the principal part of our Nobility and People of Fafhion fall, when compared to fuch undertakings ! By this method of reducing the pri venience, they are now printing, in one potlcet Volume, to corrcfpond with this and Lord Anfon't Voyage ; which was alfo printed in the fame man* per, and has run through fevcral editions. mt The elegant head which is given as a Fronti/jpiece, IS engraved in Mr. Trottsr's beft ftyle, from a MfiOAL, executed by Mr. Pingo^ for the Royal Society, to perpetuate the memory of aman, whofe merit is far fuperior to panegyric. On one fide of this medal is given a bold relief o^ Capt.Cook, with this infcription, JAC. COOK, DCEANI INVESTIGATOR ACERRIMUS. Immediately under the head is exprefl^d in fmaller characters, rec. soc. lond. socio suo. On the jeverfe appears an eredl figure of Britannia fianding upon a plain : the left arm reds upon an hieroglyphic pillar *, her right arm is proje<5led over ^ globe> and contains a fymboI> expref&ve of the celebrated circumnavigator 'is enterpriling genius, ^f'he infcription round the reverfe is, NIL IN* TENTATUM NOSTRI LIQJJERE ;. and un- der the figure of Britanmoi auspiciw georgii iiu t A ^cw were ftruck off* in gold„ which are iaid to be difpofed of as follows : One to His Britannic Majefty, under whoik aufpices Captain Cook proceeded on his difcoveries. One to the King of France, for his great courteiy m giving a fpecific charge to his naval commanders to forbear an hoilile cpnduDXD, AN INSCRIPTION TO HIS MEMORY, ; r 1 '« ■ fe H B was bom near Whitby in Vorkihire> in 1 7 iff and It the ufual age was placed as an apprentice to t Shof^eeper ; not approving of that fituation, he engaged lumlfilf for nine years to the mafter of a veiTel in the coal trade, fn 1755^, at the commencement of the war, he entered into the navy, on board the Eagle, where 3ir Hngh Patiiferj the commander, difcovering his metlt, foon placed -him on the quarter deck. ' He was engaged in moft of the bufy and active fcenes in Korth America; yet he found time to read Euclid, and iiipply the deficiencies of an early education. Sir Charles Saunders, at thefiegeof Quebec, committed to his care fenrices of the firft importance. Lord Colvillc, and Sir Charles, both patronifed him ; and by their recommei ^a- tion» ( xi ) tion» he was appointed to furvey the gulph of St. Lawrenco and the coafts of Newfoundland.' In 1767, Sir Edward Hawke fixed upon him to command an expedition of difcovery to the .South Seas, and for the purpofe of ob^ fcrving the tranfit of Venus. From this period, as his fervices are too well known to require a recital here, fo his reputation has proporti- onably advanced to a height too great to be affe^ed by panegyrick. The conftitntion of his body was robuft, inured to labour, and capable of undergoing the fevered hardihips. His ilomach bore, without difficulty, the coarfeil and moil ungrateful food. Indeed, temperance in him was fcarcely a virtue ; fo great was the indifference with which he fubmitted to every kind of felf-denial. The qualities of his mind were of the fame hardy, vigorous kind with thofe of his body. His courage was cool and determi*. ned, and accompanied with an admirable prefence of mind in the moment of danger. His manners wereplam and unaffe^d. His temper might, perhaps, have beeil juftly blamed as to haftniefs and pafHon,. had not theife been difo armed by a difpofition the mofl benevolent and humane. Such were the outlines of Captain Cook's charafler ; but its mofl diiliaguifhin^ feature was, that unremitting perfeverance in the purfuit of his object, which was hot only fuperior to the oppofition of dangers, and the pref- fure of hardfhips, but even exempt from the want of or* dinary relaxation. Perhaps no fcience cVer received greater additions from the labours of a fingle man, than geography has done from thofe of Captain Cook. In his firft voyage to the South Seas, he difcovered the Society Iflands ; determi* ned T ( xii ) Aed the infularity of New Zealtod ; difcovered the ftraits which feparate the two lilands^ now called after his name ; and made a cohiplete furvey of both. He after* ^rds explored the Eaftern coaft of New Hoiland, hither. to unknown ; an extent of upward of two thoufand miles.. .. In his fecond expedition, he refolved the great pro- blem of a Southern Continent ; having traverfed that hemifphere, in fuch a manner, as not to leave a poflibi* lity of its exiftence, unlefs near the Pole, and out of the i'each of navigation. During this voyage, he difcovered New Caledonia, the largeft Ifland in the Southern Pa- cific, except New Zealand ; the ifland of Georgia ; and an unknown coafl, which he named Sandwich Land, the Thule of the Southern hemifphere ; and having twice vifit- ed the tropical Teas, he fettled the fituations of 'the old, dnd made feveral new difcoveries. But the voyage we are now relating, is diflinguiihed above all the reft, by the extent and importance of its difcoveries. Befides feveral fmaller Iflands in the South- fern Pacif»c, he difcovered, to the North of tVe equinoc- tial line, the group called the Sandwich Iflands ; which, from their iituation and productions, bid fairer for be- coming an objed of confequence, in the fyftem of Euro- pean Navigation, than any other difcovery in the South Sea. He afterwards explored what had hitherto remain- ed unknown of the Weftern coaft of America, containing; an extent of three thoufand five hundred milci ; afcer- tained the proximity of the two great continents of Afia and America ; pafled the ftraits between them, and fur- veyed the coaft, on each fide, to fuch a height of North- ern latitude, as to demonftrate the impradicability of a pafTage, in that hemifphere, from the Atlantic into the Pacific Ocean, either by an Eaftern or a Weftern courfe. In ihort, if we except the fea of Amur, and the MKill^ remain* ( xlU ) the Japanefe Archipeli^, which fti|l remam imperfeaiy known to Europeant* he hat completed the hydrogn^plqf. of the habitable globe. As a lUTigator* his fervices were not perhaps left fplcB. did ; certainly not lefs important and meritorioos. The method which he difcovered, and fo fuccefsfully porfued* of prefenring the health of Seamen, forms a new aerea m navigation^ and will tranfmit his name to ftttorc agea» amongft the friends and benefa&ors of mankind* That dreadful diforder the fcurvy, which is peculiar to long voyages, and whofe ravages have marked the tracka of difcoverers with circumftances almoft too (hocking to relate, mull, without exercifing an unwarrantable tyranny over the lives of our (eamen, have proved an infuperable obftacle to the profecution of fuch enterprifesc It was re- ferved for Captain Cook to (hew the world, by repeaisd trials, that voyages might be protraAed to the unufaal length of three or even four years, in unknown regions* and under every change and rigour of climate, not only without affecting the health, but even without duiimifli* ing the probabiKty of li^, in the fmalleft degree. The method he purihed has been fully explained by himfelf in a paper which was read before the Royal Society* in the year 1776. • ^ > Captain King concludes his account of tlus extra- orduiary mm, whofe death cannot be fufiiciently lament- ed, in the following words : — Having given the moll faithful account I have been able to colled, both from my own obfervation, and the relations of others, of the death of my ever-honoured friend, and alfo of his cha- racter and fervices ; I (hall now leave his memory to the A gratitude . * Sir OodAey Copley's gold medal was adjudged to bi«i| w that •«• cation. ( .xir ) gratitude and admiration of pofterity ;- accepting, with a fiielancholy fatisfa^ion, the honour, which the loisof him hatli procured me, of feeing my naii^ joined with' hi«; and of teflifying that affedlion and refpefl for his memory, which, whim he lived, it was no lefs Aiy indinationj 4iah my conilaiit Audy, to ihew him/ :« ip , :jC-nT»i t'\ ■'■ \Sihh^*h ttiT .?Un3 * , ■' ■' I i'" '. i - '.mi i .. loU&i . -m ^.Tl V'K'.l*'-! . . . ; 'J TOT HE M E M O R Y o w Captain JAMES COOK, ^ • T H B Ublist and most renowned navigator this or any country hath produced. hdjf'E raifed himfelf fikly by his mtrity from a vtrf Uifcuri birthy to the rank of Poji Captain in the \Royal Navy^ and waSy unfortunately^ killed bif tb^^ ISavages of the I/land Owhyhee^ on the i^tb of Fe* Ibruaryf 17791 > which ijland he had, not long before^ iifcoveredf when profecuting his third voyage round be globe. He pbfjejfeiy in an eminent degree^ all the qualifi' tions requijke for his profejfton and great undfr^ ikings J together with the amiable and worthy quali" ^ies of the beji men* Cool and deliberate in judging : fagacious in deter^' lining : a£iive in executing : Jleady and perfevering enterprijing from vigilance and unremitting cau* jon: unfubdued by labour^ difficulties^ and difap* A 2 poinimmis: f ( xvl ). p^nimenU : fertile in expeiienU: never wanting pHfence of mind : ^always pojfeffing himfelf^ and the fpll ufe of a found underftanding, Aftld, jujfy but exaSl in difcipline: he was a fa* ther to his people^ who were attached to him from affeHion^ and obedient from confidence > His Inowledgey his experience^ his fagacity^ ren- iered him fo intirely mafter of his fubjtff^ that the greateft ebJIacJes were furmountedy and the moft dan^ gerous navigations becarhe eaff^ (^nd almoji fafe^ under his diteSHon. He explored the Southern hemijphere to a much higher latitude than had ever been reached^ and with fewer accidents than frequently befall thofe who na^ vigate thexea/ls of this tfiand. By his benevolent and unabating attention to the welfare of his Jhip'*s company ^ he difcovered and in» troduced afyftem for the prefer vation of the health (f feamen in long voyages^ which has proved wonderfully efficacious : for in his fccond voyage round the worlds which continued upwards of three years^ he loft only one man by dijiempef^ of one hundred and eighteen^ of which his company tended* The Thi diatb of this tmintnt and valuahU man was a hfs to mankind ingentral\ and particularly to h diplorid by evtry nation that rtfpe£fs ufiful accom* pUJhmintSj that honours fcitnte^ and love: ibi btmvo^ lent and amiable ajfeSfions of tbe btart. It is ftUV more to be deplored by this country^ which may ju/i(y boajt of having produced a man hitherto unequalled [for nautical talents ; and that forrow is farther ag^ gravated by the reflections that his country was 4^* prived of this ornament by the enmity of a piople^ from whoniy indeed^ it might have been driaded^ hit from whom it was not deferved t fory aHuated always by the mojl attentive care and tender compaffienfoit ibefavages in general^ this excellent man was ever aJftduQufiy endeavouring^ by bind treatment, to diffi» pate their fearsy and court their friendjbip ; enerbtl* ing their thefts and treacheriesy andfrequmtiy inter-- ffafgi It the hazard of his lifsy to protect them^frm tbefuddin refentment of his own injured peeplu The objea of his loft mijpon was to dijcover and af certain the boundaries of AJia and America^ andta penetrate into tbi Kortbtrn Ocean by the North-Eajf CapeofJfih Traveller / contemplaUy admire^ revere^ andemh^ kte^ thisgr$at mafter in his profefimi whofe fkili A ^ Ml ( XVlll ) mid labours bavanlarged natural philofophy\ bavt ixtindtd nautictd fcience y and have difclofid tht long ionctalid and admirable arrangements of the Almighty in the formation of this globe^ and at the fame time the arrogance of mortals^ in prefuming to account y be their peculations^ for the laws by which he was puffed to enat^it. It is now difcovered^ beyond all . doubt y that the fame Great Being who created the •^mivtrft by his fiat» by the fame ordained our earth . to beep ajufipoifej without a correfponding Southern ' tontiment'^and it does fo I ** He Jiretches out the T *^ North over the empty placcy and hangeth the earth •• upon nothing*'^ Job. xxvi. 7. Jf the arduous^ but exa£i refearches of this extra- ordinary man have not difcovered a new worldy they have difcovered feas unnavigated and unknown be- S^fire* They have, made us acquainted ^th rflandSi people^ and , produ^ionsy of which we bad no con- ception : and tf he has not been fo fortunate as Ame* y^wicus to give his name to a continent ^. hi ipretenjiom to fuch a diflin£fion remain unrivalted; and he t^ll he revered^ while there remains a page of his own modefl account of his voyages y and as long as mariners and geographers Jhall be infiruHed by his new map .yof tho^ S^hherwbemifpherey . to trace the wriVtfll courfes.emddifcovmesbehasmadi* ( xix ) If public fervtcis merit public acknowhdgments i if the man who adorned and raifed the fame of his (puntry is deferving of honours^ then Capt. COOK deferves to have a monument raifed to his memory^ by a generous and grateful nation. Yirttttis ttberrinum alimentum eft honos. Val* Maxim us« Lib. 2| Cap^€«. - TRK ( x« ) THE ObjeAs of this Voyage will be bd! explained by inferting the following Extrads from Captain Cook'l Inftruftions. Y< OU are hereby required and dire£kd^ h'li Majefty haTinf a good opinion of your abilities^ to take the conamandof the Refolution and Difcoveryy and proceed upon a voyage of finding out a Northern paf^ (age by fea^ from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. On your arrival at the Cape of Good Hope, you are to refredi the Hoops compai^es. You are, if poffible, to leave the Cape of Good Hope by the end of Oftobert or the beginning of November next, and proceed to the South* ward in Cearch of Ibme iflandt (aid to have been lately feen by the French, in the latitude of 4S. deg. Souths and about the meridian of Mauritius. In cafe you find thofe iflands, you are to examine then» thorottgUy for a good harbour^ and upon difcovering one> make th^ aeceflary obfervationi to facilitate the finding it again ; as a gpA port, in that fituation, may hereafter prove very ufeful. You are |hen t» proceed to Otaheite, or the Society liles (touching at New Zealand ia your way thither, if yoa /hould judge it necefliuy and convenient) and taking care ta arrive there time enough to admit of your giving the Aoopi companies the refreihmcnt they may ftand in need of* Upon your arrival at OtaheitCj or fhc Society Ifiei, you are to land Omiah at fuch of them as he naay choole, and to leave him there. You are to diftribute anaong the Chiefs of thofe iflands foch part of the prefents with which you have been fupplied, as you fluU judge pro- per, referviag the remainder to diftribnte among the natives of the countries you may difcover in the Northern* Hem»fphere» You are to leave thofe iflandainthe beginning of February, or fooner if you ihall judge it necefliury, and then proceed in as di^ft a courfe as you caa to the coaft of New Albion, endeavouring, to falLin wth it in the lad- tttde of 4$ deg. North. Vpon your arrival on tfaecoaftof New AIbion» yon ac^ to put ifli» ^ frft €9AT«aicftt poft 10 iccnit yow wood and water, and pracum n&tfimnt$, 11 ( xxl ) efrtibmeflts, and then to proceed Northward along the coaft, at far ai latitode of 65 deg. or farther, where we coold wiih yon to^tfrive iji le month of June next. When you get that length, you are very irefiiUy to fearch for, and to explore, fuch riirert or inlet* as may ap- to be of a confiderable extent, and pobtUag towafda Hudfon't or laffin'i Bay<{ and if, from your own obferrationa, or from any in- )rmation you may receive from the nativei (who, there is reaibn to elieve, are the fame race of people, and fpealc the fame language, of [which you are furni/hed with a Vocabniary, as the Efquhnaux) there Jl appear to be a certainty, or even a probability, of a water ^aflage into the afore-mentioned bays, or either of them, yoo are, ii» liich cafe, to ufe your utmoft cndeavourt to pafs through with one or >th of the flo9ps, unlefs you (hail be of opinion that the paflage may I eficaed with more certainty, or widi greater probability, by Imalkr effeh I in which cafe you are to fet up the frame* of one or bodi the lall vcflels with which you are pnmded, and, when they are pot to*' Ifetber, and are properly fitted, ftored, and viduallod, yoo are to dif-. {patch one or both of themi under the care of proper officers, men, and boats, in order to attempt the fald pafliige* But, neverthelefs, if yo» I Hull find it more eligible to porfue other meafures than thofe ebove, I pMnted out, in order to nuke a difcovery of the befera-aMatloneipaC- f$gt, (if any fuch there be) yon are at liberty, and we leave it to y^vf; diicretion^ to purfue fuch meafuiei accotdingly* In ca(e you flull be (atisfied that there If no paffiige tbreogh to diif above-mentioned bays, fufficient for the purpofes of navigadon^ 70% are, at the proper feafon of the year, to repair to the port of St. PeUr end St. Paul in Kamtfchatka, or wherever clfe yoo fliall judge more proper, in order to refrefli your people and pais the Wlftter i aad» \m the Spring of the enfuing year 1778, to proceed firom thence to the Northward, as far as, in your prudence, you may think proper, in further fearch of a North £aft, or North Weft paflage, firomthe Pec^^^ fie Ocean into the Atlantic Ocean, or the North Sea : and if, firagi. your own obfervatlon, or information, there fliall appear to be a pro* bability of fuch paflfage, you are to proceed as above dire^ed t »nii having dlfcovered fuch pafla^ or failed in the attempt, make the httt ' f your way back to England, by fuch route as you may think beft (0t: the improvement of geography and navigation « At whatever places you may touch in the courfe of yonr royigey where accurate obfervations have not already been made, you are, as far •9 your time will allow, very carefully to obferve the true fituatbn of fuch places bot& in latitude and longitude ; the variation of the nee- 4At| , ( XJt" ) die; bearlofft of head>laod« i height) dire^on, anJcourfe ot* the tidet •nd correnti J depths and founciinga or' the fea j flvoalsi rocks, dec. and •Ifo to furveyi make chartst and take views of fuch bays, harbours, tnd difterent ^arta of the coaft, and to make fuch notations thereon, M may be ufefui either to navigation or commerce. You arc alfo car«- fully toobferve the nature of the full, and the produce thereof. Yoa «re likewife to obfervc the geniu*, tamper, difpofuion, and number u( , the inhabitants^ where you find any i and to enduuvour to cultivate a friend/blp with them. . , You are alfo, with the confcnt of the natives, to take poffefltoni in the name of the King of Great Britain, of convenient (ituations in fuch countria as you may dircovcr, that have not already been difco. vered or vifited by itny other European power j and to dlHribute among the inhabitants fuch things as will remain as traces and teflimonies of your having been there ) but if you find the countries fo d'ifcovcred ars uninhabitedi you are to take polTefllun of them for hi» M^f<. A COM^ ^ -»"^ COMPENDIOUS HISTORY^ &c. PARTI. f « • • lontaining a fummary view df the principal dreum* Jla.xces that happened from leaving England in February ijyby to their departure from New Zealand in February i 'J yjc OTWITHSTANDING our great Circumnavi- gator, Captain Cook, had already made two intcrefting voyages of difcovery, ("a Compendium of yhicb is nozv printing in one volume, to correfpond with. \ii, arid ivill be publiped in a feixt dr.ys) his ardour to tntinue thefe purfuits^ which are always attended with ifficulties of the firll magnitude. Teems rather increafed lan abated. The objeds of this, his t|iird and laft ^oyage, were, for making i3ifcoverie3 in the North* !rn Hem!spherb, and to determine the pofition and ictent of the VVell fide of North Ame rica ; alio its idance from Asia ; aad the practicability of a Northern ifTage to EuROPF. The commidions for the proiecution of this important idertaking, were received on the loth of Feb. 1776. *. Captain Cook was appointed to the command of hi» [ajeHy's (loop the Relblution, and Captain Clerke to lat of the Diicovery, a ihip of three hundred ton£ burthen. They immediately took on board all the necehary: lores, and a confiderable quantity of iron tools and trin* ^ts, which might enable them to cultivate a friendly in* ^rcoorfe with the inhabitants of fuch countries as thev light be fortunate etlough to meet with ; they aUb tooK >m< live ftock> confifting of (heep« two cows with their B* calf C89 •--- ( 2 ) calves, and a bull ; they were likcwife furniftied with a quantity of European garden feeds, which could not fall of being valuable prefents t6 the new difcovered iflands. As they were to touch at Ot ah site in their way, they were ordered to carry Omai back to his native country. He left London with a mixture of regret and fatisfa&ion ; when he talked of his friends in England, it was with difficulty he refrained from tears ; but the snftant the converfation turned to his own country, his | eyes fparkled with joy. He was loaded with prefents ot^onfiderable value by his Majesty, Lord San'd- wiCH> Mr. Banks (now Sir Joseph) and other per- fons of diftin£tion. Several months were fpent in preparation for this long and important voyage. Both the (hips arrived in Ply- mouth Sound on the 30th of June ; here they made a ihort flay to take in fome additional provifions, to re- jpHct what had been expended, alfo a quantity of Port "^ine; and the petty officers and feamen received two itionths wages in advance. Contrary winds, and other tircumflances of little confequence, prevented their clear- ing the channel till the 14th of July in the evening. There were on board the two fhips 192 peyfons, officers Included. Nothing material happened till the ifl of Attguft, when they arrived oiF Teneriffe ; where, by per- ^ifnon of the Governor, who behaved with tJie greateft politenefs, they took in provifion for the fheep, cows, Ice. alfo wood, water, and other necefTaries. ' To the eaftward of Santa Cruz, which is the princi- pal city, the iflpnd appears perfedlly barren. Ridges of hills run toward the fea ; between which ridges are deep vallevs, terminating at mountains or hills that run acrofs, and are higher than the former. Mr. Anderfon, the furgeon of the Refolution, a eentle- man of diflinguifhed abilities, but who unfortunately died upon the voyage, fays, the bafis of the hills is a heavy, dDmpa£l, bluifh flone, mixed with fome fhining particles ; and, on the furface, large mafTes of red friable earth, or ftone, are fcattered about. The dty 6f Santa Cruz, he obferves, though not large, is tolerably well built. The churches are not augnificent widiout s bat within arc decent^ and indiffer- cntl/ ( 3 ) ltly omamcntecl. They arc mferior to fome ofiht thvicchcs at Madeira; but, he imagines, this rather _irifes from the different difpofitionfof the people, than Ifrom their inability to fupport them better.^ For the pri- f^it houfes, and drcfs of the Spanifh inhabitants of San- ta Cruz, are far preferable wo thofe of the Portugiiefe al [adeira ; who, perhaps, are willing to ftrip themfelvea^ lat they may adorn their churches. In the afternoon of the 2d, four of the officers hired [mules to ride to the city of Languna, fo called from an idjoining lake, about four miles from Santa Cruz. They iriived °here between five and fix in the evening ; but found a fight of it very unable to compehfate for their [trouble, as the road was very bad, and the mules but in^ lifferent. The place is, indeed, pretty extenfivc, but ircely deferves to be dignified with the name of City^ [The difpofition of its ftreets is very irregular ; yet fome [of them are of a tolerable breadth, and have fome good [houfes. In general, however, Languna is inferior in ap«- [|>earance to Santa Cruz, though the latter b but finall» jf compared with the former. * Mules are here much ufed inflead of horfes, which are rather fcarce and fmall, but well fhaped ; they ar« principally referved for the ofHcers. Oxen are alfo em- ployed to drag their cafks along upon a large clumfy piece of wood, and they are yoked by the head ; though It doth not feem that this has any peculiar advantage over our method of fixing the hiimefs on the fhoulders. The air varies here in its temperature exceedinglvv Mr. Anderfon fays, he could fenfibly perceive it only m riding from Santa Cruz up to Languna ; and yon may afcend till the cold becomes intolerable. He was afTured that no perfon could live comfortably within a mile of the perpendicular height of the Pic, after the month t£ Auguft. They make 40,000 pipes of wine annually, the greatefl part of which is either confumed in the ifland, or made into brandy, and fent to the Spanifh Weft Indies. North America generally took before the late war 6,000 pipes of their wine ; at the time this account was writtjn, their trade with that part of the world was much interrupted ; but in all probability has returned fince. The corn they B 2 raife *2 i--* „ ( 4 ) raife is., in getteral, infuiHcient to maintain the inhabi- tants ; but the deficiency ufed to be fupplied by impor- tation from the N and killed four, the reft were difperfed ; however, they were all recovered bat two ewes, but not without much trouble andexpence. Mr. Hemmv, the Lieutenant Governor, has taken fome pains to introduce European iheep at the Cape ; but his endeavours have been fruftrated by the obftinacy of the country people, who hold their own breed in greater ef- timation, on account of their large tails, of the fat of which they fometimes make more money than of the whole carcafe befides.* Mr* Anderfon and fome of the officers made an excur- fion into the country in one of their waggons ; they croHed the large ^plain that lies to the Eaftward of the town, which is entirelv a white fand, like that commonly found on beaches, ana produces only heath, and other fmall plants of various ibrts. They paffed a large farm-houfe an the afternoon, with fome com-fietds, and pretty con- £derable vineyards, Situated beyond the plain, near the loot of ibme low hills, where the foil becomes worth cul- tivating. About fcven o'clock they arrived at StellenboAi, the colony next to that of the Cape for its importance. The village does not coniift of more than thirty houfes, and ftands at the foot of the range of lofty mountains;^ above twenty miles to the Eaftward of the Cape Town. The houfes are neat j and, with the advantage of a rivu- let which runs near, and the fhelter of fome -large oaks, planted at its firft fettling, forms a rural profpe^ in this (defers country. There are fome vineyards and orchards, which, from their thriving appearance^ indicate an ex- cellent foil ; though, perhaps, they owe much to climate, as the air has an uncommon ferenity. They had little fuccefs in their botanical fearches, nor did tjiey find many infects ; the foil in general confifted of yellowiih clay in- termixed with &nd^ They * The mod remarkable thiqg iathe Cape flieep, is the length ani. thickaefs of thek- ta!Is> which weigh from fiftceo t9 twenty pQunUi.} the puorcft inhabiunu %k it for butter* i an cxcur- ( 7 ) T^hey left StcUenbofli, and paid a vifit to a Mr. Cloi jcder, who entertained them with great hofpitality. Here they faw a very remarkable ftone, which, on account of its fize, is called by the inhabitants the Tower of Baby- )n, or Pearl Diamond. It Hands npon the top of fome jw hills ; and though the road to it is neither very ftetp tor rugged, they were above an hour and a half in walk- ig to it. It is of an oblong fliape, rounded on the tOfy, nd lies nearly South and North. The Eail and WtA ides are ftecp, and almoft perpendicular. The South nd is likewife fteep, and its greateft height is there; pom whence it declines gently to the North part, by /hich they afcended to its top, and had an extenfive view )f the country. Its circumference muft be at leaft half a mile, as it )ok above half an hour to walk round it, including every allowance for the bad road, and ftopmng a little. At its igheil part, which is the South end, it feems to equal [the dome of St. Paul's church. Th^y were much in- icommoded in this little excuriion by mufquitoes or fland flies. Captain Cook, immediately after the lofs of the two twes» fent all the (hcep and other animals onboard. And le alfo here increafed his flock coniiderably, by the ad- lition of two young bulls, two heifers, two young flone- lorfes, two mares, two rams, feveral goats, rabbits, and )ultry. On the 30th of November^ the fhips left the Cape« fand proceeded on their voyage. On the 5 th of December, a fudden fqnall of wind [carried away the Refolution*s mizen top-maft. Having another to replace it, the lofs was not felt. On the 6th, fin the evening, they paffed through feveral fmall fpots [of water of a reddiih colour. Some of this was taken Kp ; and it was found to abound with a fmall animal, jwhich the microfcope difcovered to be like a cray-iifh, of reddifh hue. They met wjth rough weather in their courfe to the south Eaft, which occaiioned the fhips to roll and tumble rery much, and made the prefcrvation of the cattle diffi- cult I and, notwithflanding all their care« they loft feveral goats \: ( 8 ) goats and a fe^bf the iheep ; the cold alfo, for they now felt it very fcniibly, contributed to this lofs. Nothino; veiy interelling happened from the 5 th of De. cember till the 26th of January, when they arrived at Van Diemen's Land ; where, as foon as they had anchor- ed in Adventure Bay, Captain Cook ordered the boats to be hoifted out. In One of them he went himfelf, to look for the moft commodious place for furniihing (up- plies; and Captain Clerke went in his boat upon the fame fervice. Next morning early. Lieutenant King went to the Bail fide of the bay with two parties ; one to cut wood, and the other grafs, under the protei^ion of the marines. For though none of the natives had appeared, there could be no doubt that fome were in the neighbourhood ; they alfo fent the launch for water. In the evening they drew the feine at the head of the bay, and, at one haul, caught a great quantity of fifh. Moil of them were of that fort known to feamen by the name of elephant fi(h. In the afternoon' iiext day, they were agreeably furpri- fed with a viflt from the natives ; eight men and a boy. They were quite naked, and wore no ornaments unlefs we confider as fuch, and as a proof of their love of finery^ fome large punctures or ridges raiied on different parts of their bodies, fume in ilraight, and others in curved lines. They were of common ftature, but rather {lender. Their fkin was black, and alfo their hair, which was as woolly as that of any native of Guinea ; but they were not diilinguiflied by remarkably thick lips, nor flat nofes. On the contrary, their features were far from being difa- greeable. 5^hey had pretty good eyes ; and their teeth were tolerably even, but very dirty. Moft of them had their hair and beards fmeared with a red ointment ; and fome had their faces alfo painted with the fame compo- fition. They received every prefent without the leaft appear- ance of fatisfadlion. When fome bread was given, as foon as they underftood that it was to be eaten, they either returned it or threw it away, without even tafting it. They alfo refufed fome elephant fifh, both raw and dreff* ed.> But upon giving fome birds to thero^ they did not Ktam ( 9 ) tdm iheCe, and eafily made Captain Cook underhand ry were fond of fuch food. Two pigs were brought fhore with an intention to leave them, but the inhabi- mts feized them, and were for carrying them away im* icdiately, to kill them as it was fuppo/ed. Omai difcharged a mafquet to (hew them the fuperiQ- \ty of European weapons, which alarmed them fo much^ lat they ran inftantly into the woods. One of them was ) frightened, that he let drop an axe and two knives Ihat had been given him. Afterwards they went to the lace where fome of the Difcovery's people were empioy- in taking water into their boat. The oiRcer of that irty, not knowing that they had paid them fo friendly vifit, nor what their intent might be, fired a mufquet the air, which fent them off with the greateft prcci- itation. Thus ended the firft interview with the natives. Im* mediately after their final retreat, judging that their fears ^ould prevent their remaining near enough to obferve rhat was palling. Captain Cook ordered the two pigs, eing a boar and fbw, to be carried about a mile within le woods, at the head of the bay. A young bull and a >w, and fome fheep and goats, were alfo, at firft, in« mded to have been left, as an additional prefent to Vaa >iemen*8 Land. But all thought of this was laid afide« >m a perfuafion that the natives, incapable of entering itQMUie views of improving their country, would deilroy ion* Several of the natives were (een next morning faunter- ig about the ihore ; they now feemed fatisfied we did not itend to injure them, and were evidently willing to re- lew the intercourfe.' With this view the Qtptain and feveral of his officers went on fhore ; upward? of twenty )f the inhabitants prefently joined them. There was one »f this company confpicuoufly deformed ; and who was lot more diilinguifhable by the hump upon his back» han by the drollery of his geftures, and the feeming hu- nour of his fpeeches ; which he was very fond of exhi- biting. Unfortunately he could not be underilood, the ^nguage fpoken here being wholly unintelligible. It ap- peared to be different from that fpoken by the inhabitants If the more northern parts of this country : which is not •xtraordinary^ f ( 10 ) txtrtordinary, (ince thofe no>v feen, and thofe they viflJ ted upon their former voyage, differ in many refpe^s.l Nor did they feem to be fuch miferable wretches as thel natives whom Dampier mentions to have feen on its) Weftern coaft. Some of the prefent group wore, loofe, round their necks, three or four folds of fmall cord, made of the| fur of fome animal ; and others of them nad a narrow] flip of the kangooroo (kin tied round their ancles. They received fome beads and medals with much pleafure.l But feemed to fet no value on iron, or on iron toolsJ and were even ignorant of the ufe of filh-hooks ; yetl it is not to be fuppofed that a people, iituated as theyj are upon a fea-coaft, who feem to derive no part of theirl faftenance from the produdUons of the ground, ihouldl not be acquainted with fome mode of catching fifti. Theirl habitations were little fheds or hovels built of Hicks, andl covered with bark. There were evident figns of theul fbmetimes takine up their abode in the trunks of laxgel trees, which had been hollowed out by fire, moft pTO>| bably for this very purpofe. After Captain Cook had ftaid fome time with the na^l tives, being well convinced they would give his people no diiturbance, he returned on board to dinner ; where Lieutenant King arrived foon after, and informed him, that juft as he left the ihore, feveral womto andchildrei made their appearance. Thefe females wore a kaMg»$rtA\ ikin tied over the fhoulders, and round the waift. '*fiat its only uie feemed to be, to fupport their children when carried on their back; for it did not cover thofe parti { which moft nations conceal ; being, in all other refpeds, as naked as the men, and as black; and their bodies I marked with fears in the fame manner. But in this they difiered from the men, that though their hair was of the &me colour, fome of them had their heads compleatly ihorn ; in others this operation had been performed only | on, one fide, while the reft of them had all the upper | part of the head fhorn clofe, leaving a circle of hair all round, fomewhat like the tonfure of the Romiih Ecde- ! Aaftics. Many of .the children had fine features, and were thought pretty ; but of the perfcms of the women, eipecially thoie advanced in years, a lefs favourable re« portl ( '« ) was made. However, fomc of the gentlemen bc- ring to the Difcovery, were faid to have paid their * fes, and made liberal oft'ers of prefenta, which were iefted with great difdain ; whether from a fenfe of rtuc, or the fear of difpleafing their men, is uncertain* hat this gallantry was not very agreeable to the latter, dear ; for an elderly man, as foon as he obferved it, [dered all the women and children to retire, which obeyed, though fomc of them (hewed a little reluc- »ce, ' ' . ^ Mr. Anderfon, as far as he had an opportunity of cx- ining this country, while the (hips lay in Adventure Y, fays, there are feveral tall foreft trees in this coun- ,'whichare very dofe grained atid extremely tough j for fpars, oars, and many other ufes ; and would, on afion, make good mafts (perhaps none better) if a :hod could be found to lighten it. It was remarked, t bird« were feldont killed an hour or two, before y were almoft covered with maggots ; this was attri- :ed to the heat, as they had no reafon to fuppofe there a peculiar difpofition in the climate to render fab- nces foon putrid. I'he only animal of the quadruped kind they got, was fort of opoffum, about twice the fize of a large rat J is moft probably, the male of that /pedes found at deavour River. It is of a dulky colour above, tinged th a brown or rufty call, and whitiih below. About ' ird of the tail towards its tip, is white, and bare un- eath ; by which it probably hangs on the branches trees, as it climbs the(e, and lives on berries. There are feveral forts of birds, but all fo fcarce and y, that they are evidently harra(red by the natives, who Thaps draw much of their fubllance from them. In e woods, the principal forts are large brown hiwks or gles ; crows, nearly the fame as our& in England ; yeU iwi(h paroquets; and large pigeons. On the (hore :re feveral common and fea gulls $ a few black oyftcr tchers, or fea- pies ; and a pretty plover of a ftone co^ ur, with a black hood. About the pond or lake be- d the beach, a few wild ducks were feen ; and (bme gs ufed to perch upon the high leiHefs trees near the ire. . . * r Some ( n ) Some prettv lar^e blackifh fnakes were feen In the I woods ; and they killed a large, hitherto unknown, H. | zard, fifteen inches long and fix round, elegantly clouded I with black and yellow; befides a fmall fort, of a brown j gilded colour above, and rufty below. The Tea aiFords a much greater plenty, and at leaft ai | great a variety as the land. Several large rays, nurfes, and fmall leather jackets were caught; with fome fmall' white bream, which were firmer and better than thofe caught in the lake. They likewife got a few foles and flounders ; two forts of gurnards, one of them a new /pedes ; fome fmall fpotted mullet ; and very unexpeftedly, | the fmall fifh with a filver band on its fide called atherina bepfetus by Haflelqurft. Upon the rocks are plenty of mufcles, and fome other fmall fliell-fifli. There are alfo great numbers of fea. ilars ; fome fmall limpets ; and large quantities of fponge; one fort of which, that is thrown on fhore by the fea, but not very common, has a moll delicate texture Many pretty Medufa^s heads were found upon the beach ; and the (linking laplyjia or fea-hare, which, z% mentioned by fome authors, has the property of taking oiF the hair by the acrimony of its juice ; but this fort was deficient in this refpedl. Infeds, though not numerous, are here in coniiderable variety. Amongft them are grafshoppers, butterflies, and feveral forts of fmall moths, finely variegated. There are two forts of dragon- flies, gad-flies, camel flies ; fe^ veral forts of fpiders ; and fome fcorpions ; but the laft^ are rather rare. The peojple of tlti'i place feem mild and chearful, and without referve or jsaloufy of ftrangers. Their colour is a dull black, and not quite fo deep as that of the African Negroes ; their hair, however, is perfeftly woolly, and it is clotted or divided into fmall parcels, like that of the Hottentots, and fmeared with a kmd of red paint. Their nofes, though not flat, are broad and full ; their eyes are of a middlmg fize, with the white lefs clear than in us. Their teeth are broad, but not equal, nor well fet ; and not of fo true a white as is ufual among people of a black colour. Their mouths are rather wide ; but this appear- ance feems heightened h ' wearing their beards long, and clotted ( 13 ) »ttea with ptiat, in Ac fame manner ti tlic hair on their "rSi following Is t fpccimen of Van Dlcmca'i Land focabulary. 7 he lye, if" Its MB^ Tbi teeth, muthi 9r tmgue. J/mall hirei, u »£tive rf thi ViOtii kirt. The ear, Elevaied fcetri in tU bo^j* To eat. Q))adne« Evc'rai, rMui€ye> .Ka'my» Lae*remie, Koy'gee, No'onga, ,,Tcegera fToga'rago, I m^ he gene, or, / w*//^c. [1 have no doubt but we (haU find, on a diligent r^*, nry, and when opportunities offer to colledl ^^curatd/ fuffidcnt number of thefe words, and to compare. m. that all the people from New Holbuid, £a!ftwanl Eafter illand, havt been derived from the fame com* M root. At eioht o'clock in the morning of the ^oth Ujhm* jf a light breeze fringing up at Weft, th^ wtighed ichor and put to fea from Adventure 9ajr« They purfued an Eaftward coorie, till the night of 6th of February, when a marine belonraig to th» ^ :overy fell over-^oard, and^ was never leen after*/ ird. This was the fecond misfortune of the kind ^t had happened to Captain Gierke iince he left Eng* ad. On the loth of February, at four in the afternoon, iey difcovered the land or New Zealand. The part key faw proved to be Rock's Point, about eight or nine agues dmant. They arrived there the next morning, and anchored Qgeen Charlotte Sound. Soon after, feveral canoe* [led with inhabitants came along-fide of the ihips, but try few of them would venture on board ; which ap* |ared the more extraordinary, as Captain Cook waa 11 known to them all. There was one man iil<|)articu- amongft them, whom he had treated with remarka- kindnefs, during the whole of his flay when he was here. Yet aow« neither profbffions of frieodihip, nor C prefeat^ I I ■I ^prefents, could prevail upon him to come into the ihip. This fliynefs was to be accounted for only on this fuppo- iition, that the natives were apprehenfive they had re. vifited their country, in order to revenge ihe death of | •Captain Furneaux's people, many of whom had been de- ilroved-kere. -,^ On the 13th they fet up two tents, one from eacH (hip, '•on the fame fpot they had pitched them 'formerly* Thcj obfervatories wcff at the fame time eredled ; and MeiTrs. King and Bayly began their operations immediately, to find the rate of the time-keeper, and to make-other ob- ^fervations. Some of the men were em|>loyed>in procu^ 4ng wood and ^water,' others in. getting grafs for the cat- vtle ; fprucc beer was alfo brewed, and every neceffary at- tentimrtO' the fhips and rigging was attended to. It is curious to obfejire with what facility they build"; 'numbers came round the tents as foon as they were .pitched, •with their little huts, which they ere^ with great expedition. Captain CAdk'fays, -he hasfeen above vtwenty of them ereded on a fpot of grpund, that, tot an hour before, was covered' ^ith fhrubs end plants. They generally bring' fonie part-of the materials with them, the T«ft they- find upOn the prefniin procuN i for the cat- ncce(rary at- l to. r they build"; s they were r ereft with as -feen above that, r.ot an lants. They ith them, the ies, fi(h, and ood' marker; taken a kind unwilling, o?! 'jed this gcoHi lion to go to I dhicf nameil tarty that cat f killed Mf. udge of the I from many ired than be- 'irig he' was 8 .led to havtj rifcdihitno :o' their i'deas But if their I might havtj been I ( 15 ) ;en depopalatedj for the people of every hamlet com,- lained of each other. n the 1 6th five boats were fent up the Sound, to pro- de food for the catile. As they returned, they vifited Grafs" Cove. Here Cap- in Cook met with his old. friend Pedro, mentioned fre- uently in the former^oyage. He, and another of his untrymen received them on the beach, armed?with the -too and fpear. Whether this form of reception was mark of their courtefy or of their tear, is doubtful', ■lowiiver, if they had any apprehenfions, a few prefents m removed them> and brought down to the beacu two three more of the family ; but the greateft part of em remained out of (ight. Whilfl they were at this plare, their curiofity prompted em to inquire into the circumftances attending the mcr choly fate of their countrymen r, • and Omai was m^d^ fe of as their interpreter for this purpofe. Pedro, and e reft of the natives prejbnt, anfwered all the queHions at were put to them on the! iJAbj^d without re(erve, d like men who are under no dread of jpuni(hmea>t for crime of which> they are not euiltv. Captaiik Cbbl^ ready knew that none of them had b^n concerned ii^ .e Uhl appy tranfaftion. They told him, that while- r people were atMb ihWdl thii lace where the boat lay ; and it appeared tcjW about C 2 iwo •yjde CaptalnXook's former Voyage, - • ( '6 ) two hundred yards diftant from that where the crew were featedf One of their number, a black fervant of Capt, Furneaujr, was left in the boat to take care of her. Captain Cook was afterwards told that this black wai the CitiC^ of the quarrel, which was faid to have happen, ed thus : One of the natives dealing fomething out of the boat, the Negro gave him a feverc blow with a ftick. The cries of the fellow being heard by his coontrymcn at a diilance, they imagined he was killed, and imme. diately began the attack on our people ; v/ho, before they had time to reach the boat, or to arm themfelves againft the tmexpe^ed impending danger, fell a facrifice to the fury of their favage aflailants. What became of the,^ boat I never could learn. Some faid ihe was pulled to k |)I?ces and burnt ; others told us that fhe was c; rried, i they knew not whither, by a party of firangert. ^' In the ev<:ning, all the boats being loaded wK : i,**i^h celery^ {(turv^-grzis, &c. returned with difficulty to the &ip8, as it blew a perkti ftorm. On the 2oth, there was another ftorm» of fliortet 4uradoa, but indi^ violent. .: iBy this time more than two-diirds of the inhabitants of the Sound had fettled themfelves near the tents, and great numbers of them daily frequented the ftiips while the people there were melting fome feal blubber. No Green* janoer was eVer fonder (^ train-oil, than they feemed to be. They reliflied the vtry {kimmin^s of the kettle; but a little of the ftinking oil was a delicious feaft. , Having; eot on board as mUch hay and grafs as was jjtdged Umcient to lerve the cattle till their arrival at Otaheite, and having completed the wood and water of both fhipi, on the 24th they weighed anchor, and ftood out of the cove. While they were unmooring and getting under fail, Inany of the natives came to take their leave, or rather to obtain^ if they could, fome additional prefents. Ac< cordingly. Captain Cook gave to Matal^ouah and Toma< tongtauooiaiHiqj two of their Chiefs, two pigs, a hoit and^a fow. They made a promife not to kill them ; though it was feared they would not keep it. The ani- mals which Captain Furneaux fent on fl><>re here, and which fooA after iell into the hands of the natives, they were m^ im. ..e told, had all died ; but it was afterward faid» lany of the poultry and feveral of the fows were living., rhey had not been fone at anclior near Motuara, before ree or four canoes, filled with native^,* icattie off to them m the South Eaft fide of the idjand; aiid a Sriflt tradej s carried on with them for the culibfitlcs of .this place, . one of thefe canoes was Kahoora, feadcr of the partjr ho cut oiF the crew of the Adventure's -boat. This s the third time he had viiitcd the (hips without be- lying the fmalleft appearance of fekr. Omai prefcntly inted him out, and folicited Ca^t^in JCing to OiooC . Not fatisfied with this, h^ ' addreffed hijhfelf tof > oora, threatening to be his cxecufioner> if^hccve*. fumed to vifit the fhips agaiA. ' ' ^ The New Zealander paid fo little regard ta thefe reats, that he returned, the next morning, with his • lole family, men, women, and children^ to the num- - r of twenty or upwards. Omai then renewed his fo^ citations, faying, ** Why do you not kill 'him ? You tell if a man kills another in England, -that he is hanged ''■ r It. This man has killed ten, and yet you will' not ill him ; though many of hi's countrymen deflire it, aiia t would be very good.** Omai's arguments, though ipc- - ious enough, having no weight with the Captain, de* fed him to afk the Chief, why he iiad killed Captain ■umeaux*s people? At this queftion, Kaho^ra folded is arms,- hung down his head, .looked like ont caught ^n 9 trap, and as if he expefted ciertain death. But no ^*.H er was he aflliredof his fafety, than he became cheer- ^ » I. - He did not, however, feem willing to give an An(^ pw to the queftion that had been put to him, till hewH:» tagain and again affured of fafety. Then he ventured to owt that one of his countrymen having brought a [ftone hatchet to barter, the man to whom it was offered ^tcx)k it, k^nd. would neither return it, nor give any thing [for it ; on which the owner of it fnatched up the bread as . ^an equivalent 5 and then the quarrel began. . A youth about feventeen or eighteen offered to accom- ' ipany Omai to Otaheite ; his name was Taweiharooa : land another youth, about ten years old, named Kokoa* attended him as a fervant. The parents of both confent- l^cd, and parted with them with great indifference. V: C 3 From ( x8 > Fffoqi.Qbftrvsitii)n«* and from the mfbrmatlon of Ta- wdharOQ»j jmd.QthQrs> it appears that the New Zea. Uacleri mnft Uv^ iind^r ^perpetual appreheniions of being ^diroyed by j(a£)i other ; there being few of their tribes that have BQtj as tKcy think, faftainea wrongs from fome «ther tr^be« Their method of executing their horrible d £^s> 15 by dealing upon the adverfe oarty in the ni^ht | and if they find them unguarded they kill all indifcrmii. nately ; not even fparing the women and children^ When the mailacrs is completed, they either feail themfelves on the fpot, or carry off" as many of the dead bodies as they can, and devour tjhem at home, with a£ls of brutality toolho- ^'ij>pj to be defcribed. No pt,: an liave a quicker fenfc of an injury done to them, au« aone are more ready to refent it. But, at the fame time, they will take an opportunity of being in- folent when they think there is no danger of puniihment. Their public contentions are very frequent; before they begin they join in a war fong, by which they raife their paffion to frantic fury, attended with the moft hor- rid diftortion of their eyes, mouths, and tongues, to ftrike terror into their enemies ; which, to thofe who have not been accuftomed to fuch a pra£Uce> makes them appear more like demons than men, and would alnioH chill the holdefk with fear. To this fucceeds a circumftance, al* moft forf *.i in their fierce demeanor, horrid, cruel, and difgracelul to human nature ; which is, cuttine in pieces,. even before being perfeAly dead, the bodies of their ene- miety aQd> after drefiing them on a fire, devouring the 4efli> not only without relutoiQSA but with peculiar ij^ PART c '» y- P A R T It rom having N^w Zraland. in FihuaryL ^'j.'jji If- thtir Arrival at Otabeitain Jul^ following. . 'HE fhip» left New ZcaHind on the 2L5th of Ec- j^ bruary, and the two young adventurers repented. _jf their conduft, as foon as. they loft the fight of land ; but UX length they forgot both their country and friends, and [became a» much attached to the people on board as- if l^cy had been bom amongft them. On the 29th of March, at ten in the morning, thr .-Jifcovery made the fie^nal of feeing land. Itwas/ooa [found to be an ifland of no great extent. They perceived it waa inhabited, and fiiw feveral peo. pie, on a point of land they had paffed, wading to the* -iccf, where, as they found the fhip leaving them quickly, Ifhey remained. But others, who foon appeared in dif- [ierent parts, followed her courfe ; and fometimes feveral pf them colleded into fmall bodies, who made a fhontini^ [soife all together, neaHy after the manner of the inKabi*^^ [tants of New Zealand. [' Between fe\ n and eight o'clock^ they were at th* We who addrefled them in the Ota- heJte language, in fome meafure quieted their apprehen- iions. They .then came near enough to take fome bead« and nails„which were tied to a piece of wood, and thrown into the canoe. They feemed afraid to touch thefe things, and put the piece of wood aiide without untying them. This, however, might arife from fuperftition ; for Omat told us, that when they faw us offering them prefents, they afked fomething for their Eatooa, oreod. Still, ^pwever, they would not venture on boara; but told Omai, who underilood them pretty well, that their coun« trymen on fhore had given them this caution, at the fame time dire^ing them to inquire, from whence the (hip came, and to learn the name of the Captain. Captain .Cook on his part inquired .the name, of the ifland, which they called Mangy a or Mangeea ; and fome times added to it liooey naiy naiiva. The name, of their Chiefs .they faid, was Orooaeeka. One of thefe men, whofe name was Mourooa, wai lufty and well made, bat not very tall ; his features were agreeable, and his difpofition feemingly no lefs fo ; for he made feveral droll geiticulations, which indicated both good-nature and a fhare of humour. His colour was nearly of the fame caft with that common to the mod .ibuthern Europeans. The other man was not fo hand:* .fome. Both of them had ftrong, ftraight hair, cf a jet colour, tied together on the crown of the head with a bit of cloth. They wore fuch girdles as were perceived about .thofe on fhore ; and were a fubftance made from the Morus papyriferat in the fame manner as at the other iflands of this ocean. Their beards were long, and the in£de of their a^nis/ from the ihoulder to the elbow* and fom« ( «i y line other parts, were panftured or iatocedt after the lanncr of the inhabitants of almoft all the other ifland* the South Sea. The lobe of their ears was pierced, rather flit, and to fuch a length, that one of them iuck there a knife and fome beads, which he had receiv- from them; and the fame perfon had two polifhed tarl fliells, and a bunch of human hair, loofely twilled* mging about his neck, which was the only ornament )ferved. The canoe they came in (which was the o«Iy jc they faw) was not above ten feet long, and very nar- N ; but both ftrong and neatly made. The lower part the canoe was of white wood ; but the upper t/as ick, and their paddles, made of wood of the &me oo- tr, not above three feet long, broad at one end, and mted. They paddled either end of the canoe forward li^erently ; and only turned about their faces to paddis contrary way. As (bon as the fhips were in a proper ftatxon, aboQt ten Pdock, two boats were ordered out, one of them ftottk Difcovery, to found the coail, apd to endeavour to id a landing place. With this view Captain Cook west one of them himfelf, taking with him fudi articles tO ~ tht natives as he thought ipight ferve to gain tiieur -will. He Lad no fooner put off from the m!p, than capoe, with the two men, which had left them nofc ig before, paddled towards d\e boat| and, having cojnt long-fide, Mourooa ftept into her, without bdng aiked» nd without a moment's hefitation. While they were thu« employed in reconnoitring tke ore, great numbers of the natives thronged down uppa le reef, all armed. Mourooa, who was now in CaptaiJiL Jook's boat, probably thinking that this warlike appear* Qce hindered them Irom landings ordered the natives ta Jtire back, and many ol diem complied. So great waf it curiofity of feveral of them, that they took to the- rater, and fwimming of to the boats, came on board \ttti without referve. Nay it was found difficult to kecjfk lem out ) and much more difficult to prevent their car**- /ing off ewtty thjng thfty could lay their hands upon*, tourooa kept his place in the boat« and wenfy not with- it fear, on board the ihip.. • Thfr ( 2a I The cattle, and other new objeds, that prefented thecal .felves to him there, did not Ilrike him with To much fur. j>rire as one might have expeded. Perhaps his mind wail too much taken up about his own fafety, to allow him tol attend to other thmgs. It is certain,^ that he Teemed very! uneafy. Little new information cpiild be ^ot from himj a boat was therefore ordered to carry hkn.m. toward thel land. As foon as he got out of the cabin> he happcnedl to Humble over one of the goats.. His curioflty nov| bvercoming his. fear,, he flopped, looked at it, and afke Omai>. what bird this was ?. and not receiving an imm&l diataanfwer from him, he repeated the queibon. to fomtl .of the people upon deck. The boat having conveyed! liim pretty near to the furf, he leaped into the fea, andl fwam afliore. He had no fooner landed, than the mul>| titude of his countrymen gathered, round him, as if wi^ an eager curiofity to team from* him what he had fees ^s foon as the boat returned, (he was hoiHed in, an3 then they failed to the Northward. It w;as. painful to them to leave this iiland without ^| quiring, apy.- knowledge of it ; a place which, feenudl ^capable of Supplying them amply, as' every thing miiil m in. great pl^enty . It might, however,. be a matter of curiorl ifity to know, particularly,, their method of f6btfiftencei| for Mourooa faid, ^hat> they had no animals^ as hogs dojgs, both of wiiich,. however, they had heard of; birtl acknowledged, they had plantains,, bread-fruit,, and ta The only birds feen, were fome white egg>blrd$,.tenU|| and noddies.; and one white heron. oa. the more.. J, After leaving Mangeea, on the afternoon of the 301 they continued their courfe Northward, all • that night, and till noon on the 31^$ when they, again iaw landJ iSTorth Eaft by North, dlflant eight or ten leagues ; m next morning, at. eight o'clock, they got abreaftofiti J^oi;th end* T.wa armed boats frpm the Refoliition, andl one from the Pi&ovory, under the command.^ of Lieurl tenant Gorej^, were fent to look for anchoring^e'rounil .9nd a landing-place. In the mean,. time*, they ^plyedopl under the iflaed *rith the fliips. , ,, I Juft as the boats were putting o!fr, canoe» were obrj fcrved coming from the (hore. They went firft. to thf JOiicovery, me being the neareft.iE^p. It .was not long afn ( '5 ) r, Nvhen three of there canoes dme alone- e each repetition. When th^y ha4 finilhen of theirnature. But the iheep aiid goats did not m WW ( H ) furpafs the limits, of their ideas ; for thev gave us to an* derltand, that they knewr them to be birds. It will ap. pear rather incredible, that human ignorance could em make fo ftrange a miflake ; there not being the moll dii*| ftant finulitude between a ihcep or a goat, and any winged anjmal. The people in thefe canoes were in general of a mid. dling fixe, and not unlike thofe of ^angeea ; thouffh ie. vera! were of a blacker call than any we law there. Their hair WBLS tied on the crown of the head, or flowing loofe ilbout the ihoulders; and though iit fome it was ofaj frizzling dirpoiitionj yet, foi* the moll part, that, as welli t^ the ftraigAt fort, was long. Their features were vari- Qus, and fomie of the young men rather handibme. Like thofe of Mangeea, they had girdles of slazed cloth, or| flnie matting, the ends of which, being wrought betwixt | their thigh», covered the adjoining parts. Ornaments, le who brought them demanded- a doe from us, and refufed every other thing ths^ was offered in exchange. To gratify thefe people, pmai parted with a favourite dog he haa brougl^t from England ; and with this acquifit;on they departed highly fatiffied. r4jF* Qpre was difpatched with three boats ; two from ^e Reiblutioh, and one from the Difcovery. Two of | the natives, wjio had been on board, accompanied him» and Oihai went with him in his boat is an interpreter The fhips being a full league from th; ifland when the I boats put off, it was noon before they could work up to it. They then faw the three boats riding at their gr^ plings, juft without the furf, and a prodi^ous number of the natives on the fliore, abreaft of them. By this it was concluded, that Mr. Gore had landed, and thef becanie impatient td know the event. In order to ob- ferve their motions, ana to be ready to give them M\ affiftance at they might want. Captain Cook kept as near ( 25 ) ir the (horc as was prudent. Some of the iflandars» low and then, came off to the (hips in their canoes, rith a few cocoa-nuts, which they exchanged for what- rtr was offered to them. . . ^ .. . . Thefe occafional vifits ferved to leffen their folicitude )Out the people who had landed. At leneth, a little jfore fun-fct, they had the fatisfaftion of feeing the Mts put off. When they got on board, it appeared jat Mr. Gore, Omai, Mr. Anderfon, and Mr. Bumey» ^erc the only perfons who had landed. The tran/aSiws the day were fully reported hj Mr, Anderfon of allows : «» We rowed toward a fmall fandy beach, upon jhich a great number of the natives had afTembled. leveral fwam off, bringing cocoa-nuts ; and Omai, rith their countrymen, whom we had with us in le boats, made them fenfible of our wifh to land. Mr. Burney, the fir ft Lieutenant of the Difco* rery, and I, went in one canoe, a little time be- fore the other ; and our condu£tors, watching at- tenfively the motions of th^ furf, landed us fafely ipon the reef. An iflandfr took hold of each of IS, obvioufly with an intention fo fupport us in ralking over the rugged rocks to the beach, where ^veral of the others met us, holding the green >oughs, of a fpecies of Mimofoy in their hands, md faluted us by applying their nofes to ours. We were condudted from the beach amidft a :rowd of people, who flocked with eager curio- fity to look at us ; and would have prevented our >roceeding, hadiiot feme men, who feemed to have [authority, dealt blows, with little diftindtion, pmongft them, to keep them off". We were then ped up an avenue of cocoa-palms ; and foon came to a number of men, arranged in two rows, armed |with clubs. After walking a little way among thefe, lye found a perfon who appeared to be a Chief, fit- ting on the ground crofs- legged, coolihg himfelf with a fort of triangular fan, made from a leaf of the :ocoa-palin. In his ears were large bunches of D beautiful ( 26 ) l)eautiful red feathers ; but he had no other mai'k to diftiriguiih him from the reft of the people, though they all obeyed him. We proceeded Hill amongft the men armed with 'clubs, and came to a fe^ond Chief, who fet fanning himfelf, and ornamented as the fir ft. In the fame n»anner, we were conducted to a third Chief, who feemed older than the two /ormer. He alfo was iltting, and adorned with red feathers j and after i^luting him as we had done the others, he defired •TJS both to fit down. Which we were very willing 'to do, being pretty well fatigued. In a few minutes, we faw, at a fmall diftance, "about twenty young women, ornamented as the Chiefs, with red feathers, engaged in a dance, ^hich they performed to a flow and -ferious air, •fung by them all. We got up, and went forward •to fee them ; and though we nw.?ft have been ftrp • objects to them, they continued 4heir dp.nce, w out paying the leaft attention to us. Their moticiis and fong were performed in exact concert. In general, ihey were rather ftout than flender, with' black hair flowing in ringlets down the neck, and •of an olive complexion. Their eyes were of a deep ^lack, and each countenance expreflTed a degree of complacency and mbdefty^ peculiar to the fex in every part of the world ; but -perhaps more cofjfpi- cuous here, where Nature prefented us with her productions in the fuHeft perfection,/ unbiaflTed in • fentiment by cuftom, or unreftrained in manner by art. Their fhape and limbs were elegantly formed; for as their drefs confifted only of a piece of glazed cloth fattened about the waift, and fcarceiy reach- ing {o low as the knees, in many we had an oppor- tunity of obferving every part. As we fuppofed the ceremony of being introduced to the Chiefs was at an end, we began to look about /for Mr. GoF€ and Omai ; and though the crowd i would hardly fuFer us to move, we at length found them (, 27 ); Ithcm coining up, as much incommoded by the number of people as we had been, and introduced lin the fame manner to the three Chiefs, whofe IiJimes were Otteroo,, Taroe, and' Fatouweera. [Gmai mentioned to them our views in c6mlng on "jorc, when he was told wc muft wait till next day. They now fcemed to take fome pains to feparatc [us from each other; every one of us having his cir-^ clc, to furround and gaze at him : and when J. told [the Chief with whom I fat, that I wanted to ffealc to Omai, he peremptorily refufed my requeft. At fhe fame time, 1 found the people began to ftcal jveral trifling things which 1 had in my pocket ; nd when I tdbk the liberty of complaining to the 'hief of this treatment, he juflified it. From thefe ircumftanccs, I now entertained apprehenfions th^t Lhey might have formed the defiga of Jetaining m imongft theau I Mr. Burncy happening to come to the place [where I was, 1 mentioned my fufpicions to hTn\;, [and, to put it to the teft, whether they were well- founded, we attempted to get to the beach. But re were flopped when about half vvay, by fome len, who told us, that we muft go back to the )]ace wehad left. On coming up, we found Omai entertaining the fame apprehenfions. But he had, ^as he fancied, an additional reafon for being afraid ; for he had obferved, that they bar* dug a bole in the ground for an oven, which they were now heating ; md he could affign no other reafon for this, thaii [that they meant to roaft and eat us, as is pradifcd Iby the inhabitants of New Zealand. Nay, he went [fo far as to afk them the queftion j at which they [were greatly furprifed, afking, in retijrn, whether |that was a cuftom with us ? In this manner we were detained thegreateft part >f the day, being fometimcs together and fome- times feparated, but always in a crowd ; who, not latished with gaiing at us, frequently defired us to D 2 uncover .( a8 ) uncoVer parts of our fkiii ; the iight of which cotn-i monly produced a general murmur of admiration, At the fame time, they did not omit thefe opportu- nities of rifling our pockets; and, at laft, one of I them fnatched a fmall bayonet from Mr. Gore,] which himg in its fhcath by his fide. Upon our urging again the bufinefs we came up..^ on, they gave us to underfland, that we muft ftayl and eat with them; and a pig which we faw, foon after, lying near the oven, which they had prepa- red *«nd -heated, removed Omai's apprchenfion of! being put into it himfelf ; and made us think it might be intended for our repaft. The Chief alfo promifed to fend fome people to procure food for the cattle; but it was not till pretty late in the after- noon, that we faw them return with a few phntain trees, which they carried to our boats. A piece of | the young hog that had been drefTed, was fet before us, of which we were defired to eat. Our appe- tites, however, had failed, from the fatigue of the day; and though we did eat a little to pleafe them, it was vithout fatibfa<5lion to ourfelves. It being now near fun- fet, we told them it was time to go on board. This they allowed j and fent down to the beach the reinainder of the yidtuah that had been drefi'ed, to be carried with us to the fhips. They put us on board our boats, with the cocoa*nuts, plaintains, and other provificns, which they had brought; and we rowed to the :hips, very well pleafed that we'had at laft got out of the hands of our troublefome matters. We regretted much, that our reftrained fituation gave us fo little opportunity of making obfervati- ons on the country. For, during the whole day, we were feldom an hundred yards from the place where we were introduced to the Chiefs, on landing; and, coniequently, were confined to the furround- ingobjcas. The firft thing thar prefented itfelf, worthy of our notice, was the number of people; which v. ( ^9 ) ^.'hicb muft hive been, at leai^, two tboufand* J'or thofc who welcomed us on the fhore, bore no iropoztion to the multitude we found amongft the ^rees, oQ proceeding a little way up. We could alfo obferve, that, except a few, thor« re had hitherto feen on board, were of the lower lafs. For a great number of thofe we now met rith, hadafuperior digfjty in their air, and were f a much whiter caft. In general, they had their inir tied on the crown of the head, long, black, Ind of a moft luxuriant growth. Many of the Joung men were perfect models in fliape, of a com- ilexlon as delicate as that of the women, and, ta t )pcarance, of a difpofition as amiable. The wife of one of the Chiefs appeared vvith her thild, laid in a piece of red cloth, which h^d been >n Tented to her hufband ; and feemed to carry it • ith great tendernefs, fuckling it much after the, ►anner of our women. Another Chief introduced : lis daughter, who was young and beautiful ; but. )p?ared with all the timidity natural to the fex ; , lough (he gazed on us with a kind of anxious con- n, that feemed to flruggle with her fear, and ta [prefs her aftonifhment at fo unufual a fight. 'ihers advanced with a firmnefs, and, indeed, rere jefs rcferved than we expedted; but behaved : rith a becoming modefty. We did not obferve • ly perfonal deformities amongft either fex; except a few who had fca»-s of broad fuperficial ulcers, , :maimng on the face and other parts. About a third part of the men were armed with , lubs and fpears; and, probably, thefe were only/ le perfons who had come from a diftance, as many |f them had fmall bafkets, mats, and other things, , idened to the ends of their weapons. The clubs . rere generally about fix feet long, made of a hard . ck wood, lance- (haped at the end, but much •ader, with the edge nicely ^colloped, and the rholc neatly polilhed.'* D 3 Though mifmi ma , ( 30 ) * Thoug;h the landing of the gentlemen proved the means ot enriching the Journal with the foregoing parti- culars, the principal obje£l was, in a great meafurc, un. attained ; for the day was fpent without getting any one thing from the ifland worth mentioning. Omai was Mr. Gore's interpreter, but that was not the only fervice he performed that day. He was a(ked by the natives, a great many queftions concerning the ihips, country, and the fort of arms which they ufed ; and according to the account he gave, his anfwers were hot a little upon the marvellous. As, for inllance, he told them, that the Englilh had (hips as large as their idand ; on board which were inftrumcnts of war (defcri- bing the guns) of fuch dimenfionsr that feveral people might lit within them ; arid that one of tliem was (u^. cient to crufti the whole jdand at one (hot. This led them to enquire of him, what fort of guns we aftualljr had in the two (hips. He faid, that though they were but fmall, in comparifon with thofe he had juft defcribed, yet, with fuch as they were, it would be very eafy, at the diftance the Ihips were from the fliore, to deilroy the ifland, and kill every foul in it. They perfevered in their enquiries, to know by what means this could be done ; and Omai explained the matter as well as he could. He happened luckily to have a few cartridges in his pocket. Thefe he produced ; the balls, and the gunpowder which was to fet them in motion, were fubmittcd to infpcftlon; and, to fupply the defeds of his df fcription, an appea! was made to the fenfes of the fpedtators. It has been mentioned above, that one of the Chiefs had ordered the multitude to form themlelves into a»circle. This furnilh- ed Omai witli a convenient ftage for his exhibition. la the center of this amphitheatre, tlie inconfiderable quan. tity of gunrowder, collefted from his cartridges, was. properly dilpofed upon the ground, and, by means of a bit of burning wood from the oven, where dinner was drefling, fet on fire. The fudden blaft, and loud report, the mingled flame and fmoke, that hiP itly fucceeded, now filled the whole aflembly with akonifliment ; they no longer doubted, but gave full credit to all that Omai had faid« If '( 31 ) . If it had not been for the terrible ideas they conceived fof the guns of the Ihips, from this fpecimen of their node of operation, it was thought that they would have ietaii?*?d the gentlemen all night. For Omai aflured \em, that if he and his companions did not return on ,oard the fame day, they might expe^ that the princi- >al (meaning Captain Cook) would land upon the ifland, vith a number of men, and deftroy them. And as they .bod in nearer the land in the evening, than they had done »ny time before, of which poiition of the Ihip* they were )bferved to take great notice, they, probably, thought hey were meditating this ; they therefore fuffered their ruefts to depart, under the expedlation, however, of fee- ig them again on ihore next morning. But they were :>o fenfible of the rifk they had already run, to think of repetition of the experiment. Omai found three of his countrymen here, who were [caft away in croffing from Otaheite to a neighbouring [ifland called Ulietea; a violeriC florm drove them upon "lis coaft. The landing of the gentlemen on this ifland, though. [they failed in the objeft of it, cannot bijt be confidered is a very fortunate circumftance. It has proved the means of bringing to knowledge a matter of h&. ot only very Icurious, but very inflrmSUve. The account of the above [three people will ferve to explain, better than a thohLmd [conjcftures of fpeculative reafoners, how the detach d [paris of the earth, and in particular how the iflands of [tile South Sea, may have been firft peopled ; efpecially jthofe that lie remote from any inhabited continent, or jfrom eacli other. Light airs and calms having prevailed, bv turns, all [the night of the 3d of April, the Eafterly fvvdl had car- iricd the fliips fome diftance from Watecoo, before day- ibreak. But as they had failed in their objed of procur- ing feme effedual fupply, they quitted it, without re- [gret, and fleered for another ifland. j In a neighboring uninhabited ifland, they procured [a hundred cocoa-nuts aad grafs for the cattle. The only birds feen here were a beautiful cuckoo, of chefnut brown, variegated with black, which was Ihot. lAnd upon the fliorc, were fome egg-birds i afmall fort . of ( 3» ) of curlew; blue and white herons; and great numbers | of noddies ; which laft^ at this time, laid their eggs, a little farther up, on the ground. One of the people caught a lizard, of a moft forbid- ing afpeft, though fmall, running up a tree ; and ma- ny, of another fort, were feen. The bufhes toward the I fea, were frequented by infinite numbers of a fort of' moth, elegantly fpeckled with red, black, and white. There were alfo feveral other forts of moths, as well as 1 feme pretty butterflies ; and a few other infe£ls. Although Hervey's Ifland, difcovered in 1773, was not! above fifteen leagues diftant, yet they did not get fight of it ttll day break in the morning. As they drew near it, at eight o'clock, they obferved feveral canoes put off i toward the fhips. This was a fight that, indeed, fur. prized them, as no figns of inhabitants were feen when the ifland was firft difcovered ; which might be owing to a pretJ:y brifk wind that then blew, and prevented their canoes venturing out, as the fliips paflcd to leeward j whereas now they were to windward. As the fliips approached, feveral of the canoes, all double ones, came near them. There were from three to fix men in each. They flopped at the diftance of about a ftone's throw from the fliip ; and it was fome time before Omai could prevail upon them to come along-fide ; but no intreaties could induce any of them to venture on board. Indeed, their diforderly behaviour, by no means indicated a difpofition to truft them, or to treat them well. Thev were afterwards detefted in an at- tempt to take fome oars out of the Difcovery's boat that lay along-fide, and ftruck a man who endeavoured to prevent them. They alfo cut away, withafliell, a net with meat, which hung over that fliips ftern, and abfo- lutely refufed to reftore it; though it was afterward purchafed from them. They ftiewed a knowledge cf bartering, and fold fome fifli they had (amongfl which was an extraordinay flounder, fpotted like porphry ; and a cream-coloured eel, fpotted with jlack) for fmall nails, of which they were immoderately fond, and cal- led them ^oori'. They caught with uie greateft avidi- ty, bits of paper, or any thing elk tliat was thrown to ( 33 ) them ; and if what was thrown fell into the fea, they lade no fcruple to fwim after it. Thefe people feemed to differ as much in perfon, as .. difpofition, from the natives of Wateeoo ; though tl^*? iirtance between the two iflands is not very great. Their olour was of a deeper caft ; and feveral had a fierce, mged afpeft, refembling the natives of New Zealand. Having but very little wind, it was one o'clock before ley dre^v near the North Weft part of the ifland ; when lieutenant King was fent with two armed boats to ex- imine the coaft. At three oVlock, the boats returned ; and Mr. King iformed us, ** That there was no anchorage for the lips J and that the boats could only land on the outer jge of the reef, which lay about a quarter of a mile irom the dry land. He faid, that a number of the na- tives came down upon the reef, armed with long pikes md clubs, as if they intended to oppofe his landing. And yet, when he drew near enough, they threw fome cocoa-nuts to the people, and invited them to come on lore ; though at the very fame time, he obferved that the women were very bufy bringing dowii a frelh fupply )f fpears and darts. But, as he had no motive to land, ledid not give them an opportunity to ufe them.*' April the 7th, they fleered Weil by South, with a Ine breeze Eafterly,Jn tending to proceed firft to Middle- )urgh or Eooa ; but the wind changing they went into the atitude of Palmerfton*s and Savage Iflands, difcovercd jin 1774, during the laft voyage, that, if neceflity re- [uired it, they might have recourfe to them. At day- break, m the morning of the 13th, they faw *aImcrfton Ifland, bearing Weft by South, diftant about Bve leagues. However, they did not get up with it till tight o'clock the next morning : when four boats were fent, with an officer in each, to fearch the coaft for the 10ft convenibnt landing-place. For, now, they were inder an abfolute neceffity of procuring from this ifland, fome food for the cattle j othefwifc they muft have been loft. About one o'clock, one of the boats came on board, jaden with fcurvy-grafs and young cocoa-nut trees; ^hich, at this time, was a feaft for the cattle. The fame *■■ ( 34 ) fame boat brought a mefiage from Mr. Gore, mentloiv inor that there was plenty of fucJi produce upon the iflandJ Before evening. Captain Cook went aihore in a fmallj boat, accompanied by Captain Clerke. They found every body hard at vork, and the landing place to be in a fmall creek. Upon the buihes that froJ the fea, oi even farther in, they found a great number off men of war birds. Tropic birds, and two forts of boo] bies, which, at this time, were laying their eggs, and tame, that they fufFered themfelves to be taken by ti hand. At one part of the reef, which looks into, or bound the lake that is within, there was a large bed of coral,! almoil even with the furface, which afforded, perhapjj one of the moft enchanting profpeds that natore has sm where produced. Its bafe was Hxed to the fhore, bntl reached fo far in, that it could not be feen ; To that itl Teemed to be fufpended in the water^ which deepened fo[ fuddenly, that, at the diftance of a few yards, ther might be feven or eight fathoms. The fea was, at time, quite unruffled ; and the fun ihining bright, exJ pofed the various forts of coral in the moft beautiful or^ der. But the appearance of theie was fkiil inferior to tl of the multitude of fiihes that glided gently along, feem-l ingly with the moft perfedi fecurity. The colours of thtj diBerent forts were the mod beautiful that can be ima- gined ; the yellow> blue, red, black. Sec* far exceedin| any thing that art can produce. There were no traces of inhabitants having ever beesl here, except a fmall piece of a canoe that was found upoal the beach, which, probably, may have drifted from fomel other ifland. But what is pretty extraordinary, thenj were fevcral fmall brcMvn rats on this fpot ; a circum. fiance, perhaps, difficult to account for^ unlefs they weic| impoi-ted-in ths canoe jufl mentioned. Next day was fpent, as the preceding, one had been,! in colleding, and bringing on board, food n>r the-cattle. Having got a fufficient fupply by funfct, ev^ry body wai ordered o . board. But having little or no wind, they determined to w^t, and to employ the next day by en- deavouring to get fome cocoa-nuts for the people from the next mmd to leeward> wher^ they could obferve that] ( 35 ) " )Cc trees were in much greater abundance than wheret jy had already landed. Accordingly next morning they ►re fet to work, and found cocoa-nuts in abundance. hn.ii, who was with them, caught, with a fcoop net, a very ihort time, as much fi'fh as ferved the whole irty on (here for dinner, befides fending lome to both ips. Here were alfo great abundance of birds, parti- ifarly men of war and Tropic birds ; fo that they fared (mptuoufly. And it is but doing jufticc to Omai to fay, at, in thefe excurfions to the uninliabited iflalhds, he IS of the greateft ufe ; for he not only caught the filh. It drefled thefe, and the birds that vere killed, in an tn, with heated ftones, after the fafli.^ii of his country, th a dexterity and good-humour that did him great tdit. There were, befides, fome other forts of fliell- particularly the large periwinkle. When the tide >wed, feveral fharks came in, over the reef, fome of lich were killed. Upon the whole, they did not fpend their time unpro- ^ably at this lait ifloi ; for they got there about twelve mdred cocoa-nuts, which were equally divided amongfl lie whole crew. ^ In the night b». een the 24th and 25th they pafled ivage Ifland, which was difcovered in 1774. They iered for the South, and then hauled up for Anna- ^ooka, and anchored two leagues diftant from it. Soon after two canoes, the one with four, and the ther with three men, paddled toward them, and came lon;;-fide without the leaft hefitation. They brought )mc cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, plantains, and fugar-cane, rhich they bartered with for nails. Next morning, at four o'clock. Lieutenant King, was ^nt with two boats to Komango, to procure refrefhments ; id, at five, made the fignal to weigh, in order to ply up Annamooka, the wind being unfavourable at Nortn 'eft. It was no fooner day-light, than they were vlfited by Ix or feven canoes from different iflands, bringing with Sem, befides fruits a:.d roots, two' pigs, feveral fowls, )mc large wood- pigeons, fmall rails, and large violet- ulcured coots. AU thefe they exchanged for beads, |ails, hatchets, &c. They had alfo other articles of com- merce. ( 36 ) merce, fuch as pieces of their cloth, fi(h-hooks>, fn biilkets, mufical reeds, and fome clubs, fpears, and -bows,! But no curiofities were fufFered to be purchafed till the Ihips (hoiild be Aipplied with proviiions, and leave girenj for that purpoTe. Before mid-day, Mr. King's boat re. turned with feven hogs, fome fowls, a quantity, of fruitjl find roots, alfo fome grafs for the c.'^tle. His party wmj very civilly treated at Koman?o. The inhabitants did not! feem to be numerous ; and their huts, which flood clcfci to each other, within a plantain walk, were but indifrer. ent.^ Not far from them was a pretty large pond of frei!i| Water, tolerably |;ood ; but there was not any appearanul of a ftream. With Mr. Kine, came on board the Chief! df the ifland, named Tooboulangee ; and another, whoiti name was Taipa. They brought with them a hog, as a| prcfent to Capt. Cook, and promifed more the next day. Tooboulangee and Taipa kept their promife, andl brought off fome hogs. Several others were alfo procu.j red by bartering, from different canoes,^ and plenty off fruit. J^' It was now fettled to call anchor on*"fiie North fide ofl this ifland, where during their laft J^byage they had! found a good place for watering, and they reached it tliel fame day. Captain Cook landed in the afternoon, with a party o| marines; and, at the fame time, t i horfes, and fuch ofl the cattle as were in a weakly flate, were fent on (horej and the care of every thing left to Mr. King. Next day. May 3d, operations on fhore began. Sorad 'Vere employed in making hay for the cattle ; others ioj filling water cafks at the neighbouring flagnant pool ; m a third party in cutting wood. Nothing worth notice happened on the 4th and jtliJ except that, on the former of thefe days, the Difcoverjj loft her fmall bower anchor, the cable being cut in twobf the rocks. This misfortune made it neceffary to txi\ mine the cables of the Kefolution, which were found 1 be unhurt. On the 6th, they were vifited by a great Chief frw Tongataboo, whofe name was Feenou, and whom Taip was pleafed to introduce to them as King of all Friendly Ifles. AH the natives paid their obeifancc 1 him, by bowing their heads as low as his feet, the M ^ 37 ) which they aWb touched with each hand, firft with the ilm, and then with the back part. There could be tie room to fufpcft that a perfon, received with fo muck fpea, could be any thing lefs than the King. In the afternoon, Captain Cook went to pay this great Bin a viiit, having firft received a prefent of two £i1i im him, brought on board by one of his fervants. At m as he landed, he came up to him. He appeared t6 about thirty years of age, tall, but thin, and had more , the European features than any they had yet feen here. Ifter a ftiort ftay, the new vifiter, and five or fix of hig endants, went on board ; where each received fuitabie ,,'fcnts, and were entertained. In the evening, the Captain attended them on fhore in 's boat, into Which the Chief ordered three hogs to ))e jt, as a return for the prefents he had received. The firft day of their arrival at Annamooka, one of the itives had ftolen, out of the /hip, a large junk axe. 'aptain Cook now applied to Feenou to exert his autho- Ity, to get it reftorcd ; and fo implicitly was he obeyed, lat it was brought on board very foon after he was fpoken On the 9th, one of the Chiefs was dete^ed carrying lit of the ihip, concealed under his clothes, the bolt jlonging to the fpun yam winch ; f6r which he was ien- (need to receive a dozen laihes, and kept confined till he lid a hog for his liberty. After this they were not trou- led with thieves of rank. Their fervants, or Haves, )weveo were Hill employed in this dirty work ; and upon lem a flogging Teemed to make no greater imprefiion, lan it would have done upon the main-mail. When any them happened to be caught in the ai^t, their mailers, ir from interceding for them, would often advife the Captain to kill them. But they generally efcaped with- it any puniftiment at all ; for they appeared to them I be equally infenfible of the (hame, and of the pain of )rporal chafiifement. Captain Clerke, at laft, hit uppii mode of treatment, which was thought to have fome Feft. He put them under the hands of the barber, and )mpletely fhaved their heads ; thus pointing them out as ^jetts of ridicule to their countrymen. Finding that they had quite exhaufted the ifland of al- 10ft every article of food that it afforded, they employed »c nth ill moving off, from the (here, the horfes, ob- £ I fervatoriesi K •3!> ) '-fcJrvitorics, and other tilings ; as alio the pftrty (Jf the marines who had mounted guard »t their ilation, intending to fail as foon as Ihe Difcovery Ihould have recovered her bed bower anchor. Feenou afligned many reafons when he found they were f,cing» for their failing to an iflaiwl called Hapaee, lying North Eaft, and engaged to accom- pany them thither in perfon. -He .earned his point and Hapaee was made choice of for their next ftataon. As it had never been vifited by any European (hi] s, the exa* mination of it became an objed. ' The 1 2th and the 13th, were i*pent in attempting the recovery of Captain Clerke-s anchor,, which, ^fter much trouble, was happily accompUflied ; and on the 14th, in the moitiing, they got under fail, and left Annamooka. At day- break on the isth, being^ not A»r from Kao, v^'hich is a vaft rock Of a conic figure, they ftcei ed to the Eaft, for the paffage between the iilands Footooha and JHafaiva, with a gentle breeze at South Eaft. About ten •o'clock, Feenou came on board, and remained all day. He brought with him two hogs and a quantity of fruit; and, in the courfe of the day, feveral canoes, froni the diiferent iflands round them, came to barter quantities of the latter article, which was? very acceptable, as their Hock was nearly expended. ,; In the courfe of this night they could plainly fee Hames jffuing from the volcano upon.Toofoa, though to no great height. At day-break in the morning of the i6th, with a gen- ♦tle breeze at South ilall, they fteered to North Eaft .for Hapaee, which was now in iight. The wind fcanting upon them, they could not fetch the land ; fo that they were foreed to ply to windward. On the 17 th, they arxchored abreaft of a leef, / Soon after the Ihips were filled w'th the natives. They brouj;ht from the fliore, hogs, fowls, fruit, and roots, which they exchanged for hatchets, knives, nails, beads, and cloth. Captain Cook went on (hore, accompanied by Omai and Feenou, and landed at the North part of Lefooga, a little to the right of the {hip*s,ftation. The Chief conducted them to a hut> fituated clofe to the fea-beach, which had been brought thither but a few aninutes before for their reception. In this Feenou, Omai, and C 3r T itoJ'Captain Cook were fcated. The other Chiefs, and the multitiidc, compofed a circle, on the out-fide, front- iftff them, and they alfo fat down. Captain Cook wag thcn.aiked, Howlongr he intended to ftay? On faying, give days, Taipa was ordered to proclaini this to the people. . He then harangued them, in a fpeech moftly Seated .by Feenou. The purport of it was, that they, were all, both old and young, to look upon them as friends, wAo intended to remain witli. them a few days ; that, durJHg their ftay, they mull not fteal any thing j and that it was cxpedcd they fhould bring hogs, fowls, fruit, &c. totheihips, where they would receive, in exchange for themv fuch and fuch things, which he enumerated. Soon aftter Taipa had fihiihed this addrefs to the afiembly,, Eeenou left them, i * . Next morning early, Feenou, and Omai, went on hoard. The,objea of the vifit was to require Captain (Rook's prefence upon the ifland. After fome time, he accompanied them ; and, upon landing, was conducted to ihc fame place wherd he had .been featqd the day be- fore ; and where he ^wa large concourfe of people al- r^dy oilembkd..^ HogneAedthat fomething more than ordinary was in agitation; but could aot tell, what, nor could Omai inform.him. He had not long been feated, before near a hundred of the Dativei appeared in' fight, and advanced, laden with yams, bread-fruits, plantains, cocoa-nuts, and fugar- cwies. They < depofited their burthens in two heaps, or piles, upon the left, being thie^ fide they came from. {Jooni after, :arrived a number of others from the right, bearing the fame kind of articles, which were coUedted into two piles, To thefe were tied two pigs, and fix fowls ; and to thofe upon the left, fix pigs and two tur- tles. Earoujpa featedhimfelf before the feveral articles upon .the left, and anotther Chief before thofe upon the rights thcyibclng the two .Chiefs who had collcded them, bv order of Feenou, who feemed to be as implicitly obeyed here, as he'lhad be(in'at Aimamooka ; and, in con- f^quenc^of hisconufiaodingiaiperiority over the Chiefs of Hapaee, had laid this tax upoa Uiem for the prefent OCCafion* ■;»! b-j.j .jio: "i'>vi' ^iUo'iW^ rur,. ( 40 ) As (bon as this munificent coUe^ion of proniions was laid down in order, and difpofed to the be ft advantage, the bearers of it joined the multitude, who formed a large circle round the whole. PrefentJy after a number of meh entered this circle, armed with clubs> made of the green branches of the cocQft-nui tree. Thefe paraded about for a few minutes, and then retired ; the one half to one fide, and the other half to the other fide, feating them- felves before the fpeftators. Soon after they fucceflively entered 'he lifts, and entertained tliem with fingk com- bats, pne champion, rifing up and ftepping forward from one fide, cliallenged thofe of the other Ade, by ex- preilive geftures, to fend one of their body to oppofe him. If the challenge was accepted, which was generally ^thb cafe, the two combatants put themfielvfs in proper atti- tudes, and then began the engagement, which continued till one or other owned himfelf conquered, or till their weapons were broken. But what ftruck then with moft furprize, was, to fee a couple of .lufty wenches iiep forth, and begin boxing, without the leail ceremofiy, and with' as much art as the men. This conteft, lu>«iiver, did not' laft above half a minute, before one of them^ gave it up.^ The conquering heroine receivevi the fame applaufe from the fpe£tators, which they bellowed upon tne fuccefsful combatants of the other fex* ^ As foon as thefe diverfions were ended, the Chief told Captain Cook, that the heaps of provifions on our right hand were a pnefent to Omai ; and that thofe on our itiv hand, beii^ about two^ thirds of the whole quantity, were: given to him. *When the provifions were removed On board in the afternoon, there was as much as loaded four boats. This prefcnt far exceeded any they had ever re- ceived from any of the Sovereigns of the various ifiands they had vifited in the Pacific Ocean. The Captain loft no time in convincing this Chief that he entertained 9 grateful fenfe of his generofity, and made him feartorHl handfbme prefents ia return; > ' -^ » if^ »* '^'' -» - • As Feenott had expreflfed a defire to fee the marincri go through their military exercife, the Captain ordered them all aihore, from both ihips, in the morning. After they had performed various evolutions, and fired feveral vol- lies, with which the numerous fpedators feemed well pleafedj, '( +1 ) pleafcd, the Chief entertained them, in his turn, with in exhibition, which was performed with a dexterity and exaftnefs, far furpaffmg the fpedmen the^ had given of their military manoeuvres. It was a kind of dance, entirely different from any thing they had ever fcen. It was performed by men ; and one hundred and five perfons bore their parts in it. Each of them had in his hand an inllrument neatly made, fhaped fomewhat like a raddle, of two feet and a half in length, vviih a fmall nandle, and a thin blade ; fo that they were very light. With thcfe inftruments they made many and various flourilhcs, each of which was accompanied with a different move- ment. At iirft, the performers ranged themfelves in three lines ; and, by various evolutions, each man changed his Itaticn in fuch a manner, that thofe who had been in the rear came into the front. Nor did they remain long in the fame pofition ; for thefe changes were made by pretty quick tranfitibns. They had mufical inftrument*, which confifted of two drums, or rather two hollow logs of wood, from which fome varieu notes were produced, by beating on them With two flicks. It did not however appear, that the da icers were much affifted by thefe founds, but by a chorus of vocal muAc, in which all the performers joined at the fame time. Their fong was not deftitute of plea- fmg melody ; and all their correfponding motions were executed with fo much (kill, that the numerous body of dancers feemed to aft as if they were one great machine. It was the general opinion, that fuch a performance would have met with univerfal applaufe en a European theatre ; and it fo far exceeded any attempt that had been made to entertain them, that they feemed to picque themfelves upon thei: Tuperiority. In order to give them a more favourable opinion of Englifh amufements, and to leave their minds fully im- preffed with the deepcft fenfe of our fuperior attainments. Captain Cook directed fome fireworks to be got ready ; and, after it was dark, played them off in the prefencc of Feenou, the other Chiefs, and avail concourfe of their people. The water and (ky-rockets, in particular-, pleaf- cd and allonilhed them beyond all conception ; and the fcale was now turned. E 3 Curiofity, nnppi^ < 42 ) duriofit/i on both iides^ being now AifKckntty grati- fied» C^tain Cook began to look about hiin> an4.ivext day took a wa^k into the idaiid of Leibog!|> of wl^c.h he was defirous to obtain iome knowledge. He found it to be, in feveral refpefts, fuperior to Annaniooka. The plantations were more numerous, and more exteniive. la many peaces, indeed, toward the Tea, efpecially on the Haft fide, the country is flill waile ; owing, perhaps, to the fandy foil ; as it is much lower than Annamooka^ and its furrounding ifles. But, toward the middle of the iHand the foil is better ; and the marks of confiderable population, and of improved cultivation, were very con- fp?cuous ; with very large plantations, inclofed :«> fuch a manner, that the fences running parallel to each other, form fine fpacious public roads, that would appear orna- mental in countries where rural conveniences have been carried to the greateil perfeflion. There were feveral fpots covered with the paper mulberry- trees ; and the, plantations, in general, were well ftocked with fuch roots and fruits as are the natural produce of the ifland. To th<;fe Captain Cook made fome addition, by fowing the feeds of Indian corn, melons, pumpkins^ and the like. The ifland is not above feven miles long; and, ia Iprae places, not above two or three broad. Nothing material happened the next day, except that fome of the natives ilole a tarpaulin, and other things* from off the deck. They were foon mifled, and the thieves purfucd ; but without fuccefs. In the morning of the 23d, as they were going to un- taoQr, in order to leave the ifland, Fepnou, and his prime-minilter Taipa, came along-fide in a failing canoe, and informed them, that they were fetting out for Va- vaoo, an ifland, which they {aid, lies about two days fail to the Northward of Hapaee. The objed of their voy- age, they would have them believe, was to get an addi- tional fupply of hogs, and fome red- feathered caps for Omai to carry to Otaheire, where they are in high efteem. Feenou aflured the Captain, that he fliould be back in four or five days ; and defired him not to fail till his re- turn, when he promifed to attend them to Tonga taboo j to which he confented, and he immediately fet out. Th|> ( 43 ) The n«xt day their isittention was, for (bme time, takei^ sp with a report, kduftrioufly fpread by forae of thd Hatives, that a fhip had arrived at Annamooka fwce they had left it ; they alfp added, that Toobou, the Chief of that ifland, was haftening thither to receive thefb new- comers. However, upon invelUgation, there appeared no foundation for it. What end the invention cf this tale could anfwer, was not eafy to conjedlure^ unlefs to get them removed from ihe one ifland to the other. In the Captain's walk he ftepped into a houfe, where a woman was dreffing the eyes of a young child, who feem- ed blind; the eyes being much inflamed, and a thin film fpread over them. The inftruments fhe ufed were two fl:nder wooden probes, with which fhe had brufhed the eyes fo as to make them bleed. It feems worth menti- oning, that the natives of thefe iflands fhould attempt an operation of this fort; thought he entered the houfe too late, to defcribe exactly how this female occulifl employ- ed the wretched tools ihe had to work with. He faw a different operation going on in the fame houfe, of which he gives the following account ; " I found there another woman fhaving a child's " head, with afhark's tooth, ftuck into the end of <* " piece of ftick. I obferved, that fhe firft wet " the hair with a rag dipped in water, applying her " inftrument to th::: part which fhe had prcviouily ** foaked. The operation feemed to give no pain ♦* to the child ; although the hair was taken off as " clofe as if one of our razors had been employed, " Encouraged by what I now faw, I foon after ** tried one of thefe fingular inftruments upon my- *' felf, and found it to be zn cxz^W^nt fuccedaneum» ** However, the men of thefe iilands have recourfe " to another contrivance when they fhave their ** beards. The operation is performed with two fhells; ©ne of which they place under a fmall part of the beard, and with the other, applied above, they fcrape that part off. In this ninnner they are able to fhave very clofe. The procefs isj indeed, rather tedious^ but ngt painful ^ and there (C ( 44 ) •* there are men tfmongft them who feefti to profefs f* this trade. It was as common, whi'** we were <* here, to fee our failors go a(hore to have their •* beards fcraped ofF, after the fafhion of Hapaee, ** 8S it was to fee their Chiefs come on board to be ** fhaved by our baibers," . Finding that little or nqthing of the produce of the ifland was now brought to the fhips, they refolved to change their ftatioii, and to wait Feenou's return from Vavoo, in fome other convenient anchoring- pi ace, where refrefhments might ilill be met with. At half paft two in the afternoon of the 26th of May, they hauled into a bay that lies between the South end of Lcfooga, and the North end ofHoolaiva, and there anchored. About noon, a large failing canoe came under their ^ern, in which was a perfon named Futtafaihe, or Pou- iaho, or both ; who, as the natives then on board; faid, was King of Tongataboo, and of all the neighbouring iilands. It was a matter of furprize to them to have a ftranger introduced under this character, which they had I fo much reafon to believe really belonged to Feenou. However, it being their intereft, as well as inclination, to pay court to all the great men, without making in- quiry into the validity of their aiTumed titles, he was in- vited on board ; he brought with him, rs a prefent, two fat hogs, though not fo fat as himfelf. If weight of I body could give weight in rank or power, he was certain* ly the moft eminent man in that, refpeft they had feen ; for, though not very tall, he was very unwieldy, and al- moft (hapelefs with corpulence. He was a fedate, fcnfi- ble man. He viewed the (hip, and the feveral new ob- jeds, with uncommon attention ; and aiked many perti- nent queftions; 0!ie of which was : What could induce! them to vifit theie iflands ? After lie had fatisfied his cu- riofity in looking at the cattle, and other novelties which I he met with upon deck, he was requefted to walk down into the cabin. To this his attendants objefted, faying, that if he were to accept of that invitation, it mufi: hap- pen, that people would walk over his head; but the! Chief himfelf, lefs fcrupulous in this refpedl than his aN teodants^ waved all ceremony, and walked down. PouUol ( 45 ) Poulaho Cat down with them to dinner ; bat he eaf flittle, and drank lefs. When he rofe from the table^ h» Idefired^ the Captain to accbmpany iiim aihore. Omat [was afkcd to be of. tjic party ; but he was too faithfully [attached to Feeftou, to Ihew any attention to his compe- titor'; and, therefore, excnlkd himfelf. The Captain attended the Chief in hi^ own boat, hav^lg firfl made prefents to him of fuch articles as, he could obferve, he had an inclination for« T he moment the boat reached the beach, he ordered two more hogs to be brought, and IdeUvered to them. He was then carried out of the boat, {by fbme of his own people, upoiiaboard refe mbling a> [hand-barrow, and went and {bated himfelf in a fmall Ihoufe near the Ihore ; which feeined to have been erected [there for his accommodation. He placed the Captain, at hi& fide ; and his attendants, who were not numerous, Ifeatetrthemfelves in a femicircle before them, on the toutfide of the houfe. Behind the Chief, or rather oiv lone fide, fat an old woman, with a fort of fan in hei* iKand, whofe ofHce it was to prevent his being peilercd [with the flies. The feveral articles his people had got, by trading on Iboard the fhips, were now difplayed before him. He [looked over thciit all, with attention, inquired what they jhad given in exchange, and feemed pleafed with the bar*^ Igains they had made. At length he ordered every thing Ko be reftored to the refpeftive owners, except a glafi ^owl, with which he wds fo much pleafed, that he rc- erved it for himfelf. The perfons who brought thefe things to him, firll fquatted themfelves down before him,. then they depofited their feveral purchafes, and imme-« liately rofe up and retired. The fame refpedlful cere- lony was obferved in taking them away ; and not one of them prefumed to fpeak to him (landing. The Captaint- 'hyed till feveral of his attendants left him, firft paying^^ lim obedience, by bowing the head down to the fole of lis foot, and touching or tapping 'the fame, with the up- er and under fide of the fingers of both hands. Others^ ^ho were not in the circle, came, as it feemed, on pur- Jofe, and paid him this mark of refpeft, and then retiredj^ vilhout fpeaking i word. The decorum that was ob- ferved; ( 4<> T ferved, was beyond any thin^ they had' feen elfewhere^l •ven in civilised nations. ! . ' . Next morning Pouhho, the King, caine on hoard be* times ; and brought, as a prefpnt, one of their caps, made, or at Icaft covered^ withered feathers. Thefel caps were much fought after, as it wasii known they would be highly valued at Otaheite ; and though very I lar^e prizes were offered, not one was brought for fale ; which fhewed, that they were no lefs valuable in the ellimation of the people here ; nor was there a perfon in either (hip, that could make himfelf the (proprietor of one, e:tcept, Captain. Cook, Captain Clcrke* andOmai. Thefe caps, or rather bonnets, arc .compofed of the tail feathers of the Tropic bird, with the red feathers of the I parroquets wrought upon them, or jointly . with them» They ar« made fo as to tie upon the forehead withoot I any crown, and have the form o£ a fomiciccle,i whofej radius is eighteen or twenty inches. At day break the next morning, they weighed with.a> fine breezci and flood . to the Weftward, with a vieiv ta. return to Annamook». They were followed by fcvcriJ/ Ouling canoes^ in one af which was the King^ He quit- ted themia a fhort time, but left his brother and iW' of his attendants on board. . They had alfo. the company of a Chief, juft then, arrived from.TjongataboOj. y/hofc name was Tooboueitoa. The moment he arrived, he {fffit his canoe away, and declared that he and five more, who- came with him» would ileep on board ; fo that the cabin was filled with vifiters. They brought plenty of provifions with them, for which they always had fuit- able returns. . Qo the 31ft, they flood for the channel, between Ko- tm> and the reef of rocks that lie to the Well.. The wind wa^ frefh, .and blew by fquals, with rain, and they were not Without appreheniions of danger. Capt. Cook kept the deck till midnight, when he left it to the Maf- ter, with; fttch direfliorts as he thought would k^p the fhjps cleir of the fhoals. The Reiblution, iby; a finall uiift of the wind, fetched farther to the windward than was ejcpeiled. 3y this means fhe was very near runoing full upon a low fandy ifle, cajled Pootoo Pootooa. It Jiappened, very fortunately, that the people had jull be- fore f 47 )' [fore been ordered upon deck, to put the Ihip about, fd that tlie neceflary movements were executed with judg- meht and alcrtnefs ; and this alone faved them from de- rftruftion. The Difcovery being aftern, was out of daii- \B^^'. Such hazardous fituations are the unavoidable com- panions of the man, who goes upon a voyage of difco- [very. ^ ^- • i : . This circumftance frightened the paflengers fo muchy 'that they expreffed a ftrong dcfire to get alhore. Ac- icordinglyi as foon as day -light returned, a boat was ihoirted out, and the officer, who had the command of fit, was direftcd, after landing them at Kotoo, to found along the reef that fpits off fron> that iiland, for an- chorage. * . They lay here until the 4tb, when they weighed j and, [with a frefli gale at Eaft Siiith Eaft, Hood away for An- namooka, where they anchored, next morning, nearly in the fame ftation which they had fo lately occupied. The Captain went on fhore, and examined the feveral places where he had fown melon feeds, and had the mortification to find, that moll of them were deftroyed by a fmall ant ; but fome pine-apple plants, whicii he had alfo left, were in a thriving flate. About noon, next day, Feenou arrived from Vavaoo. He told them, that feveral canoes, laden with hogs and other provifions, which ha4 iailed with him from that iiland, had been left, owing to the late blowing weather ; and that every body on board them had perilhed. This melancholy tale did not fcem to affet^ any of his country- men who heard it ; and Captain Cook was by this time too well acquainted with his charadler, to give much cre- dit to fiich a ftory. The following morning Pqalaho*- and the oilier Chiefs who had been wind-bound with him, arrived. Feenou now feemed to be feniible of the im- propriety of his condu(5t, in afiuming a charafter that did not belong to him. For he not only acknowledged Pou- bho to be King of Tongataboo, and the other ifles ; but affefted to infill much on it, which, no doubt, was with a view to make amends for his former prefumption. Both he and Poulaho went on board to dinner ; but only the latter fat at table. Feenou having made his obeifance in- the ulual way, faluting his Sovereign's foot with his head and ( 48 ) tnd Hi^clsy retired ont of the cabin. The Ktog had be^ fore tpld Captain Cook that this would happen ; and it now appeared, that Feenou could not even eat nor drink in his royal prefence. . At eight o'clock next morning they fleered for Tonga- taboOj having a gentle breeze at North £ait About fourteen or fifteen failing veflels, belonging to the na« Xvfti, fet out with them ; but every one of them outrun the (hips confiderably. They continued their courfe till day-break, a;id were, infenilbly, drawn upon a large flat, upon which lay in- numerable coral rocks, below the furface of the water. Notwithflandine all their care \o keep the fliip clear of them, they could not prevent her from ftriking on one of thefe rocks. Nor did the Difcovery, though behind, ef- cape any better. Fortunately, neither of the ihtjis ftuck faft, nor received any damage. They could not ^c.t back without increaiing the danger, as they had come m almofl before the wind. The moment they found a fpot where they could drop the anchor, clear of rocks, they came to; and fent the Maflers, with the boats, to found. About four o'clock, the boats made the fignal for hav- ing found good anchorage. Upon this they weighed;, and flood in till dark, and then anchored in nine ^thomsj hiiving a fine, clear, fandy bottom. The King now failed round the fliips in his ca.ioe; there were dfo a great many fmall canoes. Two of tliefe, which could not get out of the way of his royal velTel, he run quite over, with as little concern as if they had been bits of wood. Amongft many others who came on board the Refoiation, was Otago, who had been fo ufeful" when they vifited Tongataboo during their Jaft voyage ; and one Toobou, who, at that time, had at- tached himfelf to Captain Furneaux. They brought two hogs, and fomc yams, as a teflimony of their friend- ihip, tor which they were amply rewarded. At length about two in the afternoon, they arrived at their intended ftation. It was a very fnug place, formei by the fliore of Tongataboo on the South Eafl, and two fmall iflands on the Eafl and North Ealt. Here they an chored in ten fathoms water, over a bottom of oozy fandj diflant from the fhore one>third of a mile. Soon ( 49 ) ^on after they had anchored, thev went afliore, ac- companied by Omai and a few of the officers. They found the King waiting for them upon the beach. He immediately conduced them to a fmall neat houfe, fitu- ated a little within the ikirts of the woods, with a fine large area before it. This hou(e, he told them, was at their fervice durbe their flay at the ifland ; and a better fituation they could not wilh for. They had not been long in the houfe, before a pretty large circle of the natives were aflembled, and feated up. on the area. A root of the i that he was too great a man to confer die honour of a vifii upon them. This account exciting curiofity. Captain Cook mentioned to Poulaho, that he was very defirous of waiting upon Mareewagee; and he readily agreed to accom[ who received them with a fort of acclamation, not unlike huzzaing. They immediately feparated, to let Poulaho pafs, who took them into a fmall inclofure, and ihifted the piece of cloth he wore, for a new piece, neat- ly folded, that was carried by a young man. An old woman aflifted in dreffing him, and put a mat over his cloth ; as we fuppofed, to prevent ite being dirtied when he fat down. On aflcing him where Mareewagee was, to their great furprize, he faid he had gone from the place. It afterward appeared, that, in this affair, they had laboured under feme grofs> miftakes, and that their interpreter, Omai, had either been mifinformed, or had mifunderftood what was told him about the great man, on whofe account they had made this excurfion. The place they went to was a village, molt delight. ^JFally fituated on the bank of the inlet, where all, or molt -(of the principal perfons of the ifland refide ; each having his houfe in the midft of a fmall plantation, with leffer hbufes, and offices for fervants. Thefe plantations are neatly fenced round ; and for the moft part, have only one entrance. This is bv a door, faftened on the infide by a prop of wood ; fo that a perfon has to knock before he can get admittance. Every article of the vegetable produce of the iflafid, abounded in thefe plantations ; but thefe, it'was obferved, are not the refidence of people of ithe firft rank. There are feme large houfes near the pub- lic roads with fpacious fmooth grafs-f lots before them, -and uninclofed. Thefe beloriged to the King; and, pro- bably, they are the places where their public aiFembliet •are held. About noon the next day, this Mareewagee, of whom they had heard fo much, a^ually came to the neighbour- iiviodof their poft onihore^ and ^^'ith him, a very ton* iiderable ( 51 ) ITdeiabre number of people of all ranks. TKey ^ere informed, that he had taken this trouble oA purpofe to give them an opportunity of waiting upon him ; having, probably, heard of the difpleafure Captain Cook had fliewn on his difappointment the day before. In the afternoon, a party, accompanied by Feenou, landed to > pay him a vifit. They found a perfon fitting under a large tree, near the ftiore, a little to the right of the tent. A piece of clothe at leaft forty yards long, was jforead before him, round which a great number of peo- ple of both fexes were feated. It was natural to fuppofe, that this was the great man ; but they were undeceived by Feenou ; who informed them, that another, who fit on a piece of mat, a little way from this Chief, to the right hand, was Mareewagee, and he introduced them to him, who received them very kiinlly, and defired them to fit down by him. The perfon who fat under the tree, fronting them, was called Toobou. Captain Cook, to diilinguifh him from another of the fame name, men^ tioned by Captain Fumeaux, calls him afterwards aid Toobou. Both he and Mareewagee had a venerable ap- pearance. The latter is a (lender man, and feems to be confiderably above three-fcore years of age. The former is rather corpulent, and almoft blind with a diiurder of his eyes ; though not fo old. They were entertained, for about an- honr,^ with the performance of two French horns and a drum; but they ieemed moft plcafed with the firing off a piftol, which Captain Clerke had in his pocket. Before the Captain and his people took their leave, the large piece of cloth was preferited to him. In the morning of the 15th, Captain Cook received a meffage from old Toobou, that he wanted to fee 'him afliore. They found him like an ancient patriarch, feated under the fliade of a tree, with a large piece of the cloth, made in the ifland, fpread out at full length before him ; and a number of refpeftably looking people fitting round it. He defired them to fit by him ; and then he told Omai, that the cloth, together with a piece of red fea- thers, and about a dozen cocoa-nuts, were his prefent to the Captain ; who invited himion boards, as he had no- thing on Ihore to give him in return. v-^ ? F 2 Futtafaihe^ ( s» ) Futtafaihe^ Ponlaho's Ton, made alfb t prtfent of a rtece of cloth feventy-fix yards long, and feven and a naif wide, with cocoa-nuts ; he was likewife invited on board, where they all dined. When dinner came upon table, not one of them would fit down, or eat a bit of any thing that was fcrvcd up. On expreffing furprife at this, th'^y were all /aioa, as they faid, which word has a very comprchenfive meaning ; but in general, Agnifies that a thing is forbidden. Why they were laid under fuch reflramts, at prefent, was not explained. Dinner being over, and having gratified their curioilty, by ihewing to them every part of the ihip, they conducted them afhore. On the 1 6th, in the morning, Mr. Gore and Captain Cook took a walk into the country ; in the courfe of which nothing remarkable appeared, but their having opportunities of feeing the whole procefs of making cloth, which is the principal manu^dure of theie iilands. As the procefs diHin's from the rr nner of making it at Otaheite, mentioned in a former voyage, it may not be unentertaining to give the following account of it : The manufadurers, who are females, take the ilender ftalks or trunks of the paper-mulberry, which they cul- tivate ibr that pnrpofe ; and which feldom grows more than fix or feven feet in height, and about four fingers in thicknefsu From theie they ftrifx the bark, and fcrape off the ottter-risid wiith a autfcle-ihell. The bark is then Tolled up to take off the convexity which it had round the ftalk, and macerated in water for fome time (they fay, a night). After this, it is laid acrofs the trunk of a fmall tree fquared, and beaten with a fquare wooden inilrument, about a foot long, full of coarle grooves on all fides ; but fometimes with one that is plain. Accord- ing to the iize of the bark, a piece is foon produced ; but the operation is often repeated by another hand, or it is folded feveral times, and beat longer, which feems rather intended to dofe thaki to divide its texture. When this is iufHciently eife^ed, it is fpread out to dry ; the pieces being from four to fix, or more, feet in lengdi, aQd half as broad. They aw then given to another perfon, who joins the pieces, by fmearing part of them over with the vifcous juice of a berry, called iooo, which ferves as a glue. ( 53 ) glue. Having !)ccn thus lengthened, they are laid over a large piece of wood, with a Icind of ftamp, made of a librous fubftance pretty clofely interwoven, placed be:. neath. They then take a bit of cloth, and dip it in a juice, exprefled from the bark of a tree, called iokka, which they rub briflcly upon the piece that is making. This, at once, leaves a dull brown colour, and a drv glofs upon its fqrface ; the flamp, at the fame time, mak- ing a /light impreflion, that anfwers no other purpofe, but to make the pieces, that are glued together, ftick a little more firmly. In this manner they proceed, joining rind llainiHg by degrees, till they produce a piece of cloth, of fa ch length and breadth as they want; generally leaving a border, of a foot broad, at the fides^ and longer at the ends, unflained. Throughout the whole, if any parts of the original pieces are too thin, or have holes, which is often the cafe,- they gliie fparc • bits upon them, till they become of an equal ihicknefs.- When they want to produce a black colour, they mix the foot procured from, an oily nut, called dooedooey with the ^ juice of tlie kokka, in different quantities, according to the propofed depth of the tinge. They fay, that the black fort of cloth, which' is commonly moll glazed, makes a cold dref»^ but thie other a warm one ; and, to obtain ftnength-in both, they are always careful to join the fmall pieces lengthwife, which makes it impoflible to • tear the cloth in any diredion but one. On their return from the country, they met withS Feenou, and took him, and another young Chief, oa board to dinner. When their fare was fet upon the table, neither of them would eat a bit ; faying, that they were • tabao avy» From this they conjectured 7 that, on fome ac- count or other, they were, at Jbis time, forbidden to life water; or, which is more^^ofcable, they did not like the water made ufe of, it^i^oeing taken up out of one off their bathing-places. Thefe people had alfo a very great propenlity to thieving. They ventured, at noon day, to attempt to Ileal an anchor from^the Difcovery, and nearly fucceeded, if the flook .had not hooked one of the chain plates in lowering down the lhip*s fide, from which they could not difengage it by l&»d j. and tackles were things they we/e ">''%^?/ F 3 unacquainted •( . unacquainted with. The only aA of violence they were guilty of, was the breaking the (houlder bone of one of leir goati, fo that ihe died foon after. This lofs fell upon themfelves^ as ihe was one of thofe that it was in- tended to leave upon the ifland. Early in the morning of the 1 8th, an accident hap- pened that drongly marked one of their cuiloms. A man got out of a canoe into the quarter gallery of the Refolution» and Hole from thence a pewter bafon. He was difcovcred, purfued, and brought along fide the (hip. On this occaiion, three old women, who were in the canoe, made loud lamentations over the prifoner, beat- ing their breads and faces in a moil violent manner, with the infide of their fills ; and all this was done without ihedding a tear. This day they bellowed on Mareewagee fome prefents, in return for thofe they had received from him the day before ; and as the entertainments which he had exhi- bited for their amufement, called upon them to make fome exhibition in their way, a party of marines were ordered to go through their exercife ; and, in the even- ing, they played off fome fireworks at the fame place. Poulaho, with all the principal Chiefs, and a great num- ber of people, of all denominations, were prelent. The platoon firing, which was executed tolerably well, feemed "to give them pleafure ; but they were loft in aftonifh- ment when they beheld the water rockets. In expectation of this evening fhew, the circle of na- tives about their tent being pretty large, they engaged the greateft part of the afternoon in boxing and wrefl- ling. When any of them choofes to wreftle, he gets up from one fide of the ring, and crofTes the ground in a fort of meafured pace, clapping fmartly on the elbow joint of one arm, which is tent, and produces a hollow found ; that is reckoned the challenge. If an opponent appears, they come together with marks of the greateft good-nature, generally fmiling, and taking time to ad- juft the piece of cloth which is faftened round the waift. They then lay hold of each other by this girdle, with a hand on each fide ; and he who fucceeds in drawing his antagonift to him, immediately tries to lift him upon his breaftj and throw him upon his back ; and if he be able to m ^ « ) to turn round with him two or three times in that po- fition, before he throws him, his dexterity never fails of procuring plaudits from the fpedtators. If they be more equally matched, they clofe loon, and endeavour to throw each other by entwinine their legs, or lifting each other from the ground ; in which druggies they ihew a prodigious exertion of ftrength, every mafcle, as it were being ready to burft with (Irainine. When one is thrown, he immediately quits the field, but the vidor fits down for a few feconds, then gets up, and goes to the fide he came from, who proclaims the victory aloud, in a fen- tence delivered flowly, and in a mufical cadence. When they find, that they are fo equally matched as not to be likely to throw each other, they leave off by mutaal confcnt. One of the mod dextrous blows of their boxers, is to turn round on their heel, juft as they have ftruck their antagonift, and to give him another very fmart one with the other hand backward. Some of the failors ventured to contend with them in wreftline and boxing, but with* out fuccefs, being always worded. The boxing matches feldom lad long ; and the parties either leave oirtogether, or one acknowledges his being beat. Before they quitted the ifland. Captain Cook difpofed of fcvcral of the animals ; to Poulaho, the King, he gave a young Englifli bull and cow ; to Mareewagee, a Cape ram, and two ewes ; and to Feenou, a horfe and a mare. As his defign, to make fuch a didribution, had been made known the day before, mod of the people in the neigh- bourhood were then prefent. He indrudted Omai to tell them, that there was no fuch animals within many months fail of their country ; that they were brought, for their ufe, from that immenfe didance, at a vaft troirhle and expence ; that, therefore, they mud be careful not to kill any of them till they had multiplied to a numerous race ; and, ladly, that they and their children uught to remember, that they had received them from the men of Britane, He alfo explained to them their feveral ules, and what elfe was neceflary for them to know, or rather as far as he knew ; for Omai was not very well verfed in fuch things himfelf. It ( S6 ) It foen* appeared that fome were diflatisfied with this allotment ; for, early next morning, one of the kids and two turkey-cocks were miffing. The Captain, being determined to have them back a^ain, feized on three ca- noes that happened to be along-fide the fhips. He then went alhore, and having found the King, his brother, Feenoti, and fome other Chiefs, he immediately put a guard over tliem, and gave them to underlland, that they muil remain under relbaint, till not only the kid and the turkeys, but the other things, that had been llolen, at different times, were reftored. They concealed, as well as they could, their feelings, on finding themfelves pri- foners; and, having afTu red him that everything, fhould be rcftored, as he dcfired, fat down to drink their kavaf feemingly much at their eafe. It was not long before an axe. and an iron wedge, were brought. In the mean time, fome armed natives began to gather behind the houfc; but, on a part of the guard marching againft them, they difpcrfed. On afking them to go aboard to dinner, they readily confented. But fome having after- ward objected to the King's going, he inftantly rofe up, and declared he \vould be the firil man. Accordingly they all came on board. They were kept there till near four o'clock, when they were conducted alhorej and, foon after, the kid, and one of the turkey-cocks, were brought back. The other, they faid, Ihould be reftored the next morning. As the Captain believed this would happen, he releafed them and the canoes. In walking out with Omai in the evening, after the Chiefs were gone on fhore, they met witli about half a dozen women, in one place, at fupper. Two of the com- pany were fed by the others ; on afking the reafon, they faid taboo mattee. On farther enquiry it was found, that one of them had, two months before, wafhed the dead corpL' of a Chief; and that, on this account, (he was not to handle any food for five months. The other liad per- formed the fame ofiice to the corpfc of another perfon of inferior rank, and was now under the fame reftriftionj but not for fo long a time. Next day, by the King's invitation, Captain Cook dined on Ihorc. The King fat down with him ; but he neither eat nor drank. He found that this was owing to the ( 57 ) the prefenceof a female, whom, as they afterward under^ ftood, had fuperior rank to himfelf. As foon as this great perfonage had dined, Ihe ftepped up to the King« who put his hands to her feet; and then (he retired. Some of the ofHcers, belonging to both ihips, who had made an excurfion into the interior parts of the ifland» without leave, returned this evening, after an abfence of two days. They had taken with them their mu(kets> with the neceflhry ammunition, and feveral fmall article* of the favorite commodities ; all which the natives had the dexterity to fteal from them, in the courfe of their expedition. Feenou and Poulaho, upon this occafiens very juftly '>bferved, that if any of thrni, at any time> wanted to go into the country, theyougnc to be acquaint- ed with it ; in wliich cafe they would fend proper perfons along with them ; and thffn they would be anfwerable for their fafety. Moil of the things were, however, re» covered, and the turkey-cock alfo, through the interpo-* fition of Feenou. It was now the 25th of June, and as there was to be an eclipfe of the fun. Captain Cook deferred failing till that time had elapfed, in order to obferve it ; he there- fore amufed himftif by going with Poulaho !»p the coun- try, fometimes by water. As they rowed up an inlet, they met fourteen canoes Aihing in company ; in one oF which was Poulaho's fon. In each canoe was a triangu- lar net, extended between two poles ; at the lower end of which was a cod to receive and fecure the filh. They had already caught fome fine mullets ; and they put about a dozen into their boat. The Captain deilred to fee their method of fifliing ; which they readily complied with. A flioal of fifh was fuppofed to be upon one of the banks, which they inftantly inclofed in a long net like a feine, or fet-net. This the fifhers, one getting into the water out of each boat, furrounded with the triangular nets in their hands j with which they fcooped the fifh out of the feine, or caught them as they attempted to leap over it. At another time they made an excurfion by land, at- tended by one of the King's minifters. Their train was not great, as he would not fuffer the rabble to follow them. He alfo obliged all thofe whom they met, to fit down till they had pSfed ; which is a mark of refped due ( S8 ) files, and knives, are mudi (ought after. Red cloth ; and linen> both white and coloured ; looking-glafles, and beads, are alfo in eilimation ; but» of the latter, thofe that are blue, are preferred to all others ; and white ones are thought the leall valuable. A firing of large blue beads wouki, at any time, pur** chafe a hog. In return for the favourite commodities here enu- merated, all the refreftiments may be procured that the iflands produce. Thefe are, hogs, fowls, fifli, yams, bread-fruit, plantains, cocoa-nuts, fugar-cane, and, in general, every fuch fupply as can be met with at Ota- heite, or any of the Society lilands. The yams of the Friendly Iflands are excellent ; and, when grown to per- fe£lion, keep very well at fea. But their pork, bread- fruit, and plantains, are much inferior to the fame arti- cles at Otaheite. According to the information they received, this Ar- chipelago is very extenfive. Above one hundred and fifty iflands were reckoned by the natives, who made ufe of bits of leaves to afcertain their number. Feejee, as they were told, lies three days fail from Tongataboo, in the direction of North Weft by Weft. The people of this iiland arc formidable on account of ihe dexterity with which they ufe their bows and flings. Here prevails the favage pradice of eating their enemies, whom they kill in battle. Now, fays Captaih Cook, ** let me afk thofe who ♦* maintain, that the want of food firft brings men to *' feed oil human flefli : What is it that induceth the •' Feejee peof le to this pra£lice in the midft of plenty?" In their enquiries they found poor Omai very deficient as an interpreter; for unlefs the objeft, or thing they wanted to enquire about, was aftually before them, it was difficult to gain a tolerable knowledge of it. Under thefe difad vantages, it is not furprifmg, that they (hould not be able to bring away fatisfa6lory accounts of many things. 'Hie natives of the Friendly Iflands feldom exceed the I common feature j but are very flrong and well made, cfpecially as to their limbs. They are generally broad about the fhouldera ^ and though the mufcular difpofition ( 6; ). of the nien> which fecms a confequence of much aJlion^ rather conveys the appearance of ftrength than of beauty^ there are fevcral to be feen who are really handfome. The women rre not fo much diftinguilhed from the men by their features as by their general form, which is, for the moft part, deftitute of that llrong fle(hy firmnefi that appears in the latter ; though the features of fbmd are fo delicate, as not only to be a true index of their fex, but to lay claim to a conftderable (hare of beauty and expreffion. But the moll remarkable diftindtion in the women, is the uncommon fmallnefs and delicacy of their fingers, which may be put in competition with the fineft in Europe. The general colour is a caft deeper than the copper brown. They faw a man and a boy at Hapaee, and a child at Annamooka, perfectly white. Such have been found amongft all black nations ; but it is apprehended^ that their colour is rather a difeafe than a natural phxno* menun. There are, upon the whole, few natural dcfefts or de- formities to be found amongft them. There are twa complaints frequent with th<^xyi ; one of which i$ an indolent firm fwelling, thataFefb the legs and arm s^ and increafes them to an extraordinary fize in their whole length. The other is a tumour of the fame fort in the teftides, which fometimes exceed the fizeof the two fifts. But in other refpefts, they may be confidered as mi com- monly health^ . The graceful air and firm ftep with which thefe people walk, are not the leaft obvious proofs of their perfonal accomplilhments. Their countenances very remarkably exprefs the abun- dant mildnefs, or good nature, which they poffefs ; and are entirely free from that favage keennefs which marka nations in a barbarous (late. The only defed fishing their charafter is a propenfity to thieving ; to v hich thofe of both fexes are addifted. Great allowai"ices, hov/t ver, iliould be made ; their minds were overpowered with the glare of objefts, equally new to them, as they were captivating. The thefts fo fre- quently committed by the natives, may be faid to arife fclely from an intenfe curiofity or defire to poilefs fome- thing IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k // // ^ A A .^° w IIJJ_ 11.25 :^ ti& 12.0 ■UUb Hiotpgraphic Sciences Corporation ^ ^>: « <^ 4^ 23 WiSi ilnAI! 5 ItifV WiaSTIR.N.Y. U5S0 (716) S72-4S03 ^.>" '^J^ 0^ '<^ '.^ '^ t 69 } ildifgr which they had not been accikildmed to before and be;longed to a fort of people To different ^ohi them« felvev The men are all drcumciied, or rather Aipercifed ; as th^ -operation coniUts in cutting off only a fmall piece of t^ ^reflcin, at the upper part ; which by that means, is rendered incapable^ ever after> of covering the plans. This is all they aim at; as they fay, the operation is pira£lii?d from a notion of cleanlinefs. The drefs of both meti and women are the fame ; and confiils of a piece of cloth or matting (but molUy the fibrmery) about two yards wide, and two and a'half Icmg ; at leaft, fo long as to go once and a half round the waifl, to which it is confined by a girdle or cord. It is double before,' and hangs down like a petticoat, as low as the middle of the leg. The upper part of the garment, above the y^irdle, is plaited into feveral folds ;^ fo that when unfolded, there is cloth fufHcient to draw up and wrap round the ihoulders ; which is very feldom done, The ornaments worn by both fexes* are necklaces, made of the fruit of the pandanusy and various fweet fmelling flowers, which go under the general name of kahulh, Othen rre compofed of fmall mells, the wing and leg- bbnes of birds, mark's teeth, and other things; all which hung loole upon the breaft ; rines of tortoife-fliell on the fingers ; and a nuniher of thefe,. pined together, as brace- lets on the wrifts. . The employment of the women ilt of the eafy kind* and> for the moft part, fnch as may be executed in the houfe. The manufacturing their cloth is wholly con^ figned to their care ; which has been already defcribed. The manufacture next in confequence, and alfo within the department of the women, is that of their mats* which excel every thing that has been feen at any other , place, both as to their texture and. their beauty. There ^re many other articles of lets, note, which employ the females ; all finiihed with grea| neamefs and tafle in the 4llfpofition of the various parts. The province allotted to the men is, as might be'ex- Ifeited, far more laborious and extenfive than that of the MMxticn. Agricultiurej architedure^ boftt-bttil £en4R>r^omM'k0 the night. Their whole :lumitu them for pillows. * 1 The only tools which they make uie of to conftni£l< their boats » which^re very dexteronfly madev are hattthe^^^ or rather thick adzes, of a fmooth black ftone thatabouiidf at Toofoa; augres, made of A^^k's tebth» fijiejl on imalb handles; and rafps, of a 'Tongh (kin of af 4^ « ftlMied^ on flat pieces of wood, thinfter on one fide^ wMdh aJyKiv have handles. *. ," ' ^- . ' v «;-a ^ The cordage i^ made from the fibres of the eocoa^ntf Hulk, wHith, though ndt more than niiie Or ten inditi; long, th«yiplait, ihoviM the. fiae of a qniU, or tefs, tOHmjT length that they pleafw, and roll it up in balls; IhMW which the lalrger ropes are made, by twLlbg fevelil*;6P thefc together* The I'mes that (hey fifk withy tre^ ftrong aod $vmu the hdt cofd wc make, rtfltmbUng^ii^ ahnoft 7 ym vlihoft in ^ery reipeQ. Their other iilhing tnspleineivtsy are large and imall hooks made of pearl ihell/ The weapons which they make, are clabs of difFeren; ibf t8« (in the ornamentine of which they fpend much timeylpears anddai tr.. , Tney have alfo bows and arr&ws ; l^ttt theie feemed to bedefigned only for amufement, fucli as Ihooting at birds, and not for military purpofes. ., Vainst plantains, and cocoa-nuts> compofe the greated ]MU-tof their vegetable diet. Of thar animal food, the as arfort of, facrifice em^acions enou^ to procore fe^ irecQvery of thekr heallh* . They cut it ott with one ef 0ieir. ftone hatchets. Theie was fcarcely one in ten of' ti^iBb whoxfk vffi did not find thus mutilatedf in one or. both ( 7» ) both hands ; which has a difagreeable elFeA, efpedally as they rometimes cut To clofe, that they encroach apon tht ibone dii'the hand which joins to the amputated frnger** They feem to have little conception of future ptmifli- jnent. They believe, however, that they are juftly po^ •niflied upon earth ; an^, confequeutly, uie every method to render their divmitie's propitions. The Supreme Au- thor of moft things they call KallafeotongA ; who, the/ fay, is a female, refiding in the iky, and dire^ing thtfr thunder, wiod, rain, and, in general, all the changes of weather. They believe, that when ihe is angry with Siem, the produ^ons of the earth are blamed ; that many thing* are deilroycd by lightning; and that they themfelves are afHi£led with iicknefs and death, as well as their hogs and other animals. When this anger abates, they fnppoib that every thinL its rellored to its natural order.. Thev alifo admit a plurality of deities, though all inferior to Kallafootonga, Amongll them, they mention T-odfooa" hoBlootoo, god of the clouds and to^i Tallitehoo, and ibtne others, refiding in the Heavens. The firft in rank anA power, who has the government of the iea, aiidits]H(l^ duftions, is called. /*«//^i^/&f, who, t^eyfa/, isania]e> and has for his wife Fyl^*va Kaj€ea» But their notions of : the power and other attributes of thefe beings, are fo \ very abfurd, diat they fuppofe they have no farther con- cern with them after death. , Of the nature of their government, they know but lit- , i tie Some of them fald the power of the King is unlimit- ed, and that the life and property >)f thp fubje€^ is at his difpofalj and Captain Cook faw many inftances to prove» that the lower order of people have no property n^. nor^ fafety for their perlbns, but were at the will of the' Chiefs to whom they refpe6lively belcmg. When aay one wrants to fpeak with the King, or Chiefs [ h^ advances and fits down^lnefore him with his legs acrofs ; I which is a polhire to whi^h they are (b much accuftdmed^ I that any other mode of ^ttisig is difagreeiible to them, f I To I * lt*lnay he proper to mention hei*, on the authority of Captain I ^>i>gr that it is common for the lAl^rior penpie to cut off a'joint of I their little finger, on iiceount of the ficknels of the Chiefs to whom'' I they bclon'|. It Thl« IS peculiar to the men ; the women always fitting with both I- N^ thrown a little on one fide. We owe this remaric to Captain ( ^«t83 ) To fpfcak to the Kiiig flanding, would b^ accounted htit His « ftrikiog jiiarllvOfrjid^p^^v ,^W jie walks outi all he meets muft fit down till he has pafled. Mo one is Jlllowed to be over, his head ; on the contrary, all muft fiome under his feet ; foi: there, cannot be a greater out. IWard mark ^t iiibmiffioh, than that which is paid to the ibvereigfty and other, great peo|^e of thefe iflands, by their iofeiiWs. The method is this ; the perfi>n whoit Htd^pay obeiTaace, fqiiats down be&rc th«i Chiei^ and jbows the he^ to the fole of his foot ; tand,. .having Up. s«d ijtivith the under. and upper fidp of the fingersof both Jpands* he rifes up, and retires. .The hands, «fter ihh jMliBation of ttem to die. ChiePs ftet, arc, m fo^e jfrn^i ficndfced ulelefa for a time; for, until tliey alt ^afliecb ^fc$^ mull not touch any kind offodd. Whca the handa are in tins >Bate, they call it taSoc rema, Ti^* jM»«4n genera]* fignifies forbidden; and rsma jls th^ir ( «5 I i* ,s ;>»'' PA K t III. C South top Tranfailiom at Otabeiu^ andthi. Socidf TJkmdi; and Proftcuthn &f ihi Voyage U thi Caa/t of North -^ Amtriea^ from ^ufy 1777 to March 1778. :^ A P T A I N Cook had now left the Friendly Iflands, and on the 17th of July he flood to die th, when a fquall of wind tore botli his main and gallant fails. On the jlft Cafttain Clefke'l miiil* malt was difcovered to be {prvm^ in a very dangeroas manner ; he had alfo lod his top-gallant yard> and he had not any means of fuppl^^ing their place. The Refolution*8 (prit-iail top-fail was lent him by Lieutenant King, and he got up a jnry top^-maft^ whic^ enabled him to proceed with the Reiblution. '■* In the morning of^the 8th of Aaguft, land was ieefl» bearing North North £ail» nine or ten league,s diflant : it was every where guarded by a reef of coral rock, ex* tending, in fbme places, a fiiU mile from the land, and a high furf breakmg upon it. They alfi) obferved peo- ple on feveral parts of thexoaft, walking or runnine along (hore ; and, in a little time after they had reached the fee-fide of the ifland, they faw them laonch two canoes, into which above a do%en men got and paddled toward us. They now ihortened fail, as well to give theie canoes time to come up^ with them, as to (bund for anchorage* The canoes having advanced to about the diftance M « piftoi-ihot from the ihip, they flopped. Omai was em- ployed, as he ufually had been on fuch occafions, to uie &n his eloquence to prevail upon the men in them ta come nearer; but no intreaties could induce them totniil themfelves within reach of the fliips. They kept eagerly pointing to the Ihorc with their paddles ; and ftireral of I their V wmm IBPWP •I" ( 8fi ) tlielr covmtryraen, who flood upon the beach, held up Ibmethlng white, which was confi dered alfo as an invita- tion to land^ Uut Captain Coo^ did not think proper to riik lofing the advantage of a fair wind, for the fake of examining an ifland, that appeared to be of little confequence. J F^r this Jfeafoif,* tney mad^ fail to the North, bat not without getting from them, during their vicinity to the ihip, the name of their ifland, which they galled ToobpUjWi ■ . TKcre *re hilU in it of a "conftderable elevation. At jtHe' foqt of the |iilU is a narrow border of flat land, run- ning quite round it, edged with a white fand beach. Ac- corSng to the infcrmation of the men in the canoes, their |lland IS flocked with hogs and fowls ; and produces tlie i^veral fruits and roots that are found at the other iflands i^ . this part of the Pacific Ocean . * Fror^ the converfatlon they had with thofe who came qf to then^, they fatisfied themfelves, that the inhabitants Jot Toobouai ibeak the Otaheite language ; a circum- ij^ce th^t indubitably proves them to be of the fame Ration. ... The difcovery ctVm ifland may be an objeft to future s^ylg^(ors» 9y the appear^ce of their canoes> which ^^ carved all over, they are evidently people of fome repiius ; if they have weapons. Captain Cook's people [],a not fee theni. Qi) tl^e I2th of Auguft they made the ifland of Mai- 1^1^ ai^d prejently after Otaheite made its appearance. ^£qQn as W^ were near enough to the latter, a number of cAQjbes canie o^with two or three men in each ; but, as W^y ^^^^ coin^on fellows, Omai toc^ no particular notice (^ them, nor iliey of him. They did not even ^Xfi. to, pttcc^ivej t)iat he was one. of their countrymen, ajthoogb they qonv^ed with him for ibme time. At l^agtfau a C^ief* known by them before, named Ootee, ao4 Omai's brather-in-law* who chanced to be now at tWs cQi'i^er. of the iflsiiid^ and three or four more perfons, 110 of whop knew Qmai, before he embarked with Cap- 1^ Furneaipc, cxme on board. Yet there was nothing q^t^ tender or ftrikilig i^ their meeting. On the con- trarya t}iei;e kenttA 19 be a,.perfe^ indifference on boti Idcf/ p'Q Oaai> having ta^n hi^ brother dowxi into - f * the mw ^ ( 87 ) fhe cabin, opened the drawer where he kejit his ted feathers, and ^ave him a few. This being prefently known amongS the reft of the natives upon deck, the face of affairs was entirely turned ; and Ootee, who woaUt hardly fpcak to Omai before, now begged that they might be friends, and exchange names. Omai accepted of the honour, and confirmed it with a prefent of red feathers ; and Ootee, by way of return, fent alhore for a hog. But it was evident to all prefent, that it was not the man, bat his pcoperty, they were in k>ve with. Had he not fhewh to thend his treafureof red fea&erv which is the comtiiodity in greateft cftimation a«/thct ifland, it is to be queftioned whether they would have \xh ftowed even a cocoa-nut upon him» Sodi w«i8 Omai'^ firit jrecept^dn among liis countrymen ; and fiich Ca|>tatA*^ Cook faid he tucpe^^; but yet |ie had hopes that the valuable catgo of pref^ftts, with which the liberality of his fi^iends in England haid loaded him, would be thie^ means of xaifing him into confequence, and of making him refpefted, and even courte4, by the firft peHbnt throughout the extent of the Society Iflands. This cottid not but have happened, had he conduced himfelf#it& any degree of pru^fceii^i but, kift^ad oif that, he paid too little regard to the repeated advice of ihole whd wiihed him well, and fuffered Mmfelf to be duped ^by every defigning knave. '.' ■ ^' The important news of red feathers being bh biSftrd the (hips, having been conveyed on fliore b/ Omii^ friends, day had no fooner beMi to brtak nex* liom^^ ing, than they were funtmnded by a multitude' of canities^ crowded with people bringing hogs and fruit to market^ * At firil, a quantity of feathers, not greater than jK^t might be got from a tom^tit, would purchafe % hog of forty or fifty pounds weight j but as almcft every boi^ in the ihips was ^iTefTsd of feme of this precious article of trade, it fell m its value above five^ hundred /^ afit4 before night. However, red feathers continued more va- luable than any other article ; nails, and beads, and other trinkets, which, during the former voy^es^ had^ fo great a run at this ifland, were now fo much defpifedyyt that few would deign fo much as to look at th^. I2 Sdon ■i - ( 8« ) Soon after they had anchored, Omar's /tfter csmc on board to fee him ; and much to the honour of them botli^ their meeting was marked with expreilions of the ten- dered affe^on, eaiier to be conceived than to be de- icribed. Tliis moving icene having clofed, and the (hip being properly moored. Captain Cook and Omai went on ihore^ and they immediately paid a vifit to a very extra- prdi|iary man, who was called the cod of Bolabola. He was an elderly man, and had loft uie ufe of his limbs; (6 that he was carried from place to place upon'a hand- hutaw. Some called him Oi/a, or Orra, mach is the name of the god of Bolabola ; but his own proper name was Etary. Omai prefented to him a tuft ofrea feathers, tied to the end of a Onall flick ; but, after i little con- veriation on. indifoent matters with this Bola^^ man, his attention was drawn to an old woman, the filler of his mother. She was already at his feet, and had be- dewed them plentifully with tears of joy. Here the Captain left him fiirrounded by numbers of pv^ople to yievir a houfe, which fome fb^ngers had built ince his for. /oyage. By an infcriptioit, it appeared that twaSp<.u.^ ihips had been there, that came from JLuna. jAs it was known that cocoa-nuts were to be found in abundance in this and the neighbouring iilands, it was prcpofed to the crews of both the fhips by Captain King, Id iubfBtute the liquor )vhich they, produce, as an excel- lent beverage, a^id fave their ^um, which might ruii Ihort; as they found the voyage would be necefTarily Srolonged beyond the time intended; and it would iflrefs th^m much to. be put to a ihort allowance in that article, efpecially in a cold climate. For thefe very fub- lUntial reafons, it was^ fubmiited to them, whether it would not be better to be prudent in time, and rather than to run the rifle of having no fpirits lef^, when fuch a cprdial would be moft wanted, to confent to be with- out their grog now, when there was to be had fo excel- lent a liquor as that of cocoa-nuts to fubfkitute in it$ place. The ' Captain^ had the fatisfadlion to find, thai this; propofal did not remain a^ngle moment under confide- 1** ration; MMMHHHMI ration ( *9 ) • ratiuu, beirt^ unfthSmoufly approved d'',''ifriftiedi2itetjr. without any objeftibn. Hofweverr, both the crews Wrte' indulged with grog oh Sattirday nights' ; wHcti *the cofti^ panics of both fliips had full allowance 6f it, thfit th5j^ might drink the healths of their female fri^rnds t^filh^- land; left thefe, antong the pretty fiirls bfOtah^ttw Ihould be wholly forgotten. ^^''^•^' '-wM The next day they began fome heccflary opetatronVi fuch as infpefting the provifions, fetting the caulkei% tj^ work, &c. They alfo put on Ihoire the boK; td^s, ho^ir, and fheep, and appointed two men to look atftefthe^ while grazing ; as it was not intended to leave itajj^^Hf them at this part of the ifland. < ; During the two following days it hardly ever ee^ed raining. The natives, neverthelefs, cante to tKein^oiA- every quarter, the news of their arrival havin^VapidiV fpread. Waheiadooa, though at a diftatlce, had l^ai Ittt- formed of it ; and in the anemoon of the i6th, a CKi^ named Etorea, under whofe tutorage he 'was, brought two hogs as a prefent^Om him ; and acqtlainted Captain Cook that he himfelfwould come on board the day aft^i*. And fo it proved; for tifey received a inferflagie fromlff^' the next morning, notifying his arrival, and dt^firing thie' Captain woolxl go afhore to meet him. ' Accordihgly, Omai and he prepiared to pay MM a iormal vifit; On this occaiion, Omai, affiled by fonie of his friends, drtfl^ himfelf; not aifter the ^ngiiih faihion, nor that tpf^tiu' heite, nor that of Tongatabo6, hofin the drefs'of^ati^, country upon earth ; but in a Grange medley of all thkt^ he was poffeffcd of. • "^^ Thus eG[uipped, they firft vidted Etary, v^o. carridi on a hand-barrow, attended them to a large hode, \Wh6r« he was fet down ; and they feated themfelvl^s oh each 3(i<&' of him." The Captain caded a piece of doth of Ton- gatabooto be fpread before them, on which he' placied the prefents he intended to make. Prefently the younj;^ Chief .came, attended by his mother, and feveral prin- cipal men, who all feated themfelves at the other endtif the cloth. Then a man made a focech, tbnftiHhg^df fliort and feparate Xbntences | part pf -which was didi^ed" by thofe about hiin. He wa« -atfwei^d by b^frtijh^e oppofite fide, near the Chiet Etary i^UtientfiMm ' . I 3 Omaij m^ t^m 1 9» ) Cmai ; and both of them were anfwered from the fame ^mu'ter. Thefe oraiiont were entirely tbout their ar. nvali and^connedions with them. The perfon who fpoke laft« told the Caotain, amongft other things, that he wair autjiorUed to make a Ibrmal furrender of the province of Ttari^ 19 him* and of every thing in it ; which marks very |^kiAly» that thefe people are no (bangers to the po- l^y. of accommodating themfelves to prefent eircum- ibncff t At length the young Chief was dire^d by hit atteiidaQtSt to come and emli?ace him ; and, byway of ai|i|firiiUQg this treaty of firlendlhip, they ejcchanged jiame** The ceremony being dofed, he and his friend» acoompanied the Captain on board to dinner. ', Omai had pvepared a fnan, or prefent, compofed of red aad yellow feathers, which he intended for Otoo» t^e (tiag of the whole idand ; and, confidering the place, ii was a prelent of very great value. He was deiired not ta produce it now, but to give it.toOtoo, with his own hfmd^i but he had too g(^ a](^ opinion of thehonefty and iidelity of his countrymen to talce advice. Nothing would ferve him, but to carry it aihore, on this occafion,, ai^ tQ ^ive it to Waheiadooa, to be by him forwarded to Otoo« in order to its being added to the tp^al mari^ ^^(hooghtt by this management, that, he Ihould oblige bqt^ CUdk ; whereas he highly difi>blig,ed the one,. whofe h.\mii W9a of the moft con&quence to him, with- oi|t jpining any reward hom the other. ^That was icMTC^eo .happened ; for Waheiadooa kept the man for Jiimfell^ and only fent to Qtoo a yerj iinall piece of feathers ; .not the twentieth part of what betonged to* the magaUoent prdent. pn.m iptht this young Chief ma^ me a preient •f ten or a dozen hogs^ a quantity of iiruit, and ibme doth. In the evening were exhibited ibme fireworks,. which both aftonifhed and entertained the numerous ipe£Utors. Having taken in a fireOi fupplyof water> and finiihed •$ other necef&rv operations, on the 2 2d they Brought off the cattle andmeep, which had been put on ihorehere tpgraa^e; and made ready for fea. A light brceic fpdngii^ up, they iboa anivcd at Ma- llfaiBs^« About mmmn^^ AboQt nine o'dock in .ac* mornings Otbo; the Kxtif^ of the whole iiland, attended by a great number of ca^t" npes full of ueople, came from Oparrey his ]4aceof re*^ fidence, ana having landed on Matevai Pointy ient li' roefTage on board, expreffine his defire t» fee Captaihf Cook there. Accordingly he landed, acGOKiMmied'lyy Omai, and fome of the officers. They fooncl a p'l6di<^' gious number of people aifembled on this occafiotti and^ m the midil of them was the King, attended by his far- ther, his two brothers, and thiee fiftert. The Cap^Vv went up SltH, and ialuted him, followed by Omai, wha' kneeled and embraced his legs. He had prepared hiUfi-' felf fbr this ceremony, by dreifing himfeif in his veryt beft fuit of clothes, and behaved with j. great deMl oC refpe^ and modefly. Nevertheleis,. yery little notice- was taken of him. Perhaps, envy had lome ihare im; producing this cold reception. He made the Chief »- prefent of a large 2>iece of nd feathers, and about twd' or three yards of goldcloth; and the Captain gave hiiA^'^ a fuit of fine linen, a gold-laced hat, fome idols, and^^ what was of more value than all the other articles; a quantitvof red feathers, and one of the bonnets ia uiir^ at the Friendly Iflands. i . * .» { After the hurry of this viilt was ovec, the Kii%>. miA' the whole roy:^ family, went on hoard, £>l]owed bjf feveral canoes, laden with all kind of provifbns, ifi^' ^aatity^ fnffident to have ferved the companies of both mips fbr a. week. Soon after, the King's mother^ wha hadnot bee'nprefent at the &t& interview, came on board* brin£[ing witn her a quanti^ of proviiions,. and cloih. Omai now began to be noticed by his oountrymdi, iit!- ' confequence .of their difoovering his richer* This the. Captain enconraged,as it was his intention toix him wii^ * Otoo. As he inteiKied to leave all the European ani* mals at this ifland, he thooght he would be able to give. fome infbudion about the management of them, and thelt ufe. He very properly judged, that he would be ryfoedied the more, by being. fome £fbin$e fromhis native ifbUid...' . fiut, unmrtunately, poor Omai reje^d all ad|»^ei^ ' and conducted himfeif in.fb iinpiiudent a nKumer , that he foon. bft the jfriendlhip of Qtoo» aqd o£ tviarf «tM^r ;erfon of note m Otabeisc- He ^fTociated with im^ ii U-v but vagabonds and ifrihgeirs, wliwe-foic Views wcre^to pu^ucr nun* > . ,. ^{.^^j ®f/rrn\ %.*i* ■:j!'"*iil lii4,"''t»v« •lAsibonas dinner Wssbi^or, a party accompanied Otdo to bparre, talcing with them Tome poultry to ftock the k^d: amongft thcni a peacock and hen, (a prefent of l*prd Beibproagh*s) alio ibnie geefe and ducks .^^They had th^ ^tiafaduon to fee the |;eefe and ducks had begun tCK^breed before they left the ifland. They fodnd tlierc a gander, whkh, the natives faid, was the fame that (Japtain Walli_s had given to Oberea ten years before ; ieveraV goats ; and die Spanilh bull, whom tliey kept tied to a tree, hear Otoo's houfe. He was now tne pro- perty of Etary, and had been brought from Oheitepeha to this place, in order to be (hipped for Bola'bola. If thay had not arrived, it would have been of little cohfe- Quence who had the property of him, as, without a cow, fiexould be of no ufe ; and none had been left with hini. The next day three cows were fent on (hore, to this bull ; and the ball, which had been brought alfo. -Thehorfe and mare, and iheep, were put alhere, at Matavai. . The Captain congratulated himfelf upon having thus cliipofed of his paifengers, as he was pleafed to call them ; and mentions with great pleafure, the fatisfadion he Had in being Co fortunate as to fulfil his ^ajefty's hu^ mane deiign, in fending fuch valuable animals, to fupply' the wants of two worthy nations. On the 26th, they had a piece of ground cleared fot a oarden, and planted it with feveral articles ; very few OtT which, it is feared, the natives will ever look after. Some melons, potatoes, aftd two pine-apple plants,, were in a fairway of fucceeding before they left the place. A number of the natives got together to tafte the firft' fruit of a vine planted* by the Spaniards at Oheitepeha j but, as the grapes were ftill four, they coniidered it as little better than poiibn, and it was unanimoufly deter- niined to tread it under foot. J n that ftate, Omai found it by chance, and was overjoyed at the difcovery ; for he nad a full confidence, that, if he had but grapes, he could eal^ make wine. Accordingly, he had feveral iiips cut off from the tree, to carry with him; and the j«mains were pruned and put in order. Probably grown ' wife by Oiaai't iai^u^nsj they may now fofier the ^:>A ' fruit ( 93 ) fruit to grow to perfections and not paTt (o hafly a (^* tencc upon it again. They found here the young man who was called Ohedi(ke> but whofe real name is Heete-heete. ^ He had been upon a former voyage carried from Ulietea in 177 3> s^nd brought back u 1774* &ftcr he had viiited the Friendly Iflands^ New Zealand, Sailer liland, and the Mar^uefes, and been on board in that exteniive navigation, about fevcn oronths. Ho was tenacious of his good breeding, and jei. Sir, or« if you pUq/e, Sir, were frequently repeated by him. Heete-h^ete, who is a native of Bolabola, had arrived in Otaheite,^ about three months before, with no other intention, as it appeared, than to gratify his curio- iity, or, perhaps/ forne other favourite paffion ; which are, very often, the only obje£b of the pnrfuit of other travelling gentlemen. It was evident^ however* that he preferred the modes, and even garb, of his coQfi- txymen ; for, though ibme clothes were given him» which the Admiralty Board had been pleafed to fend for his u(e, to which was added a cheft of tools> and « kw other articles, he declined wearing them, after a few days. This inftance ^ay be urged as a proof of thU Aron^ propenfity natural to pian, of returning to habits acquired at an early age, and only interrupted by ac^^^ cident. And, perhaps, it may be concluded^ that even Omai, who had imbibed almoU the whole £ngli& mari- ners, would, in a very fhort time after being lefr« re» turn to his own native garments. On the 27th, there was a report of the arrival of two Spanifh (hips. This alarmed Captain Couk, who imme- diately from an apprehenfion of war between England ajid that country, (of which, however, he had received no information) put the ihips; in a ilate of defence. Ihis teport upon enquiry had no. foundation. On the 27th m the ei'cning, one of the furgeon's mates was robbed of three hatchets in an excurfion up the country. This was foon known among the natives, and tiiey all made a precipitate flight from the Ihips ; even Otoo himfelf fled, and it was with fome difficulty they were brought Lack, and trantjuillity was rcftored. The C^^ain took no meafures to recovsr the hatd^s. The fellow ( 94 ) fcllcw wiK), v/as entrufted with the Carriage of them Yan away with them. The furgeon's mate had taken. them tii jfUrthafe curiofities with. 7 I At this time the people of Morea> a neighbouring ifle^ were in arms, and had beat Tome of Otoo's partizans v^ho' refided Uiere ; they applied to Captain Cook for afiftaiice, i^ch he with great prudence declined, being t^ttally unacquainted with th« merits of the cafe, and Imtefwingiie -bad ao ji^t to interfere in theif *qH^^rrels. Tl\e Chie&tuul feyeval meetings upfm this bufinels. Tflf^h^i <* ilMn of mmek weight in tlie iihtnd, happened, nbt tH ^ at Matavai iit tkia timf ; ^nd, confequently^ ^m^ vot |»r«feBt at knf of $he^ €0«#ikfttibns. It, hew* ey-ft'te^peared that he was !no /Irafl^r to what wa^ tranf- a^d» and i^ ht entered :with aiore fpirit into the a^^lk.t|Mn ally othter Ch^$ jbfi ^v\y in the morning, of the f^of ^ptealbefy n meilbnger ar/ived firotA him. to«o<|uaiait Otoo, tkat he had kiikd« man . it ioeftM, wai absolutely neceiOwy (on tliat ^iftn ec* i.^C(lffltaia Cook and his party > by consent of the C2u^>^ atlpyiied at this ceremon|r. %• Jii this is a *v9ry firtgular ttccwnly it is Haiti kefsrt tht Ytttder in dtptmn Qook*s nmords, emitting onfy a jf(PW of/ucb pajfages as are Uitfi intwefting* f I In our Way we landed upon a fmall ifland» WJiich lies off Fettaha) where we found Towha aiu) his retinue. After fomc little convcrfation . between the two Ghiefs, on the fubjeft of the war> Towha addrcfled himfclf to rtie, alking my affift- ance. When I cxcufed myfelf he fcemcd angry ; thinking it flrange that J, who had always dc- clafcd myfelf to be the friend of their ifland^ would not now go and fight againft its enemies^ Before we parted, he g;ivc to Ot6o two or three vcd feathers tied up in a tuft;, and a lean half-> ftarv'cd nppppp - t 95 ) ftaii-vcd dog w« put into -a tfanoe that was to 8C^ company us. We then embarked again, taking on board a prieft who was to affift at the fbletnnityi. ' '< As foon as W6> landed at Attahooroo, \yhU:& was about two o^cloeld in the afternoon^ Otoo eXt preiTed his defire that the feamen might be oi^erid to remain in the boatV and that muAnderibm^ Mr. Webber, and niyfelf, mi^httake oflFour l^ts as foon as we fhoutd come to the mor^t^ to which we immediately proceeded^ attended by a great many men, and fome boys, but not one woma)); We found four prieAs, and their attendants. Or affiftants, waiting for us. The dead body, or fi^ crifice, was in a Snail canoe that l»y on the beajchf and partly in the waih pf the Ci^a, fronting th« moral, - . << The ccremojQies now began; One of the prieft'i attendants brought a young plantain-tree, and laid it down before Otoo. One of the priefts, Tefal^d at the rn^na't^ how began a long prayer. Dtirln<| this prayer a man,, who i^ood by the officiating prieft, held in His hands two bundles, feemingl? of cloth. In one of them, as we afterwards foundi was the royal maro\ and the other, if I may be al^ fowed the expreiSon, was the ark of t\i^ Eai^edi As foon as the prayer was etid^d^ the prielk at thi ^r<7/, with their attendants, went and fat dowii by thofe upon the beach, carrying with them fllli two bundles. Here they renewed their prayersi The dead body was now taken out of the canoe^ and laid upon^ the beach, with the feet to the h?^ The prieHs placed themfelves around it, fbme^^<^ ting,, and others landing; and one, or more- of them; repeated fentences for about ten minutes.^ It was now laid in a parallel dirt^ten with th« fea-fhore. One 'of the priefts then, finding a£ the feet of k^ pronounced a Ibng prayer^ in^ which h^ waf| at times^ joiB«4 by tha otaefs ; each hold^ ing ■•*«-«. i 9^ ) lag \n his hand a tuft pf red feathers. In tlit courfe of this prayer, fome hair was pulled off the head of the facrifice, and 'the left eye taken out i both which were jpriefented to Otoo, wrap. ped up in a green leal. Ho did not, however, ,jtouch it, but gave, to the man who prefented it, %he tuft of feathers which he had received from Towha. This, with th^ hair'and eye, was carried hack to the p^efts. Soon after OtOo ftnt to them another piece of feathers, which he had given me in the mor(iiA|; to keep in my pocket. During Ibme part of this laft ceremony, a king-fifher ma^ king a noiie in the trees,(Otoo turned to me, fay- ing, ^^ That is the Eatooa;** and feemed to look upon it to be a good omeii« ** The body was then carried a little way, with its head toward the moraij and laid under a tree ; near which were fixed three broad thin pieces of w^|od, differently, but rudely, carved. l*he bun- dks of cloth were laid on a part of the mor^ii \ and the tufts of red feathers were placed at the feet of the facrifice ; round which the priefls took their Rations ; and we were now allowed to go as near as we pkafed. He who feemed to be the chief prieft fat at a fmall diflance, and fpoke for a quar- ter of an hour, but with different tones and gef- tures ; fo that fie feemed to expoflulate with the 4ead perlbn, to whom he conflantlv addreiTed Jiimfelf; and fometi^^ies a/ked feveral queftions, feemingly with refpeA to the propriety of his ha- Ting been killed. At other times he made feveral demandf, as if the deceafed either now ha^ power himfelf» or intereil with the Divinity, td engage him to comply with fuch reouefts. fkmotim which, we underftood, he afked hita to deliver £i« meo, Maheine its chief, the hogs, women/ and other things of the ifland, into their hands ; which 9iw^ indeed, the cxprefs intention of the facrifice. He ( -^7^ ) MIe tlien clisfnted a prajrer, whicli lafted mir an hour, in a whining, inelanfeHoly^'tont; actbm- panied by tv^^o ' other priefts ; and in '\;vhith Pou- tatou and fome others joined. Ifl the courffe" 6i this prayer, fbme more hair was pltcked l^y tHc prieft from the head of the corple, arid put lipbh one of the bundles.- After this, the chirf prieft prayed' alcyie, holding in'* Ills hand the feathers which came froiti Towha. When he had finifhe^, he gave them to another, who prayed in like mari- ner. Then all thfe tufts of feathers were laid upon the bundles of cloth, which clofed the ceremony at this place. " The corpfe was then carried lip to the rtoft confpicuous part of the rjioraiyWitii the feathers, the two bundles of cloth, and the drums ; the Itift of wl/ich beat ilowly. The feathers and Bundlds were laid againft the pile of ftoncs, and the cbrpffc at the foot of them. The priefts having agaiin feated themfelves round it, renewed their pray ei;^'; Avhile fOme of their attendants dug a h6f|; .about two feet deep, into which they th^e^y th6 iJfihc^py viftim,^nd covered it over with ^afth antfftohes. While they Were ptitting^hiiii into the grave, *a boy fqueakcd aloud, and Otiiai fald to me, that it was the EaUda. During this timp, a fire having been made, the dog, before mentioned, Was pro- duced, and krlled, by twifting his neck, and fuffo- cating him. The hair Was nnged off, and the e|i- trails taken' otit, and' thrown into the fire, wheVe they were leftto confume. But thd heart, liver; a«id kidneys, were only roafted, by being laid on liq't Hones for a few minutes ; and the body of the dog, after being befmeared with blood, which had been colleded into a cocoa-nut (hell, and dried over the iire, was, wkh the liver, &c. carried and laid down before the priefts, who fat pray- ing round the grave. They continued their cja- K culations warn pi^ mm ( 98 ) • that they belonged to the^ Eatooay and that they were to attend the fleet de- igned toga aga^nft Kimeo^ The unhappy vi£tim, offered to the objeft of their worfliip upon this occaiion, feemed to be a middle-ageci" man ; and, as we were told, was a towtow J that is, one of the lowefl clals of the people. But,, after all my inquiries, ! could not learn, that he had been pitched upon, on ac- count of any particular crime,, committed by him, meriting death. It is certain, however, that tfcey generally make choice of fuch guilty per- K 3^ fons, Aint for their facrifices ; or elfe of common, Io\r, fellows, who ilroll about, from place to place, and from ifland to iiland, without having any £xed abode, or any vifibte wajr of getting an honeil livelihood ; of which deicription of men, enough are to be met with at thefe iflands. Having had an opportuuity of examining the appearance of the body of tne poor fufFcrer, now offered up, I could obferve, that it was bloody about the head and face, and a good deal bruiled upon the right temple ; which marked the man- jier of his bcipg killed. And we were told, that he had been privately knocked on^the head with a ilone. *' Thofe who are devoted to fuffer, in order to perform this bloody aft of worfliip, are never apprifed of their fate, till the blow is given that pwts anr end to their exiftence. Whenever any one of the great Chiefs thinks a human facrifice jneccflary, on any particular emergency, he pitches upon the vi£tim. Some of his trufty fervantj arc then fenr, who fall upon him fuddenly, and put him to death with a club, or by ftoning him. The King is next acquainted with it, whofc pre- fence, at the folemn rites that follow, is, as I was told, abfolutely necefTary ; and, indeed, on the prefent occalion, we could obferve that Otoo bore a principal part. ♦* It is much to be regretted, that a practice fb horrid in its own nature, and fo deilru^ive of that inviolable right of felf-prefervation, which every one is born with, fliould be found ftill exifting. Though we fhould fiifpofe, that never more than one perfon is facrificcd, on any fingle occaiion, at Otaheite, it is more than probable, that thefe occafions happen fo frequently, as to make a ihocking wafte of the human race; for I counted ao lefs th^ forty-nine ikulis, of former vif^im** ( 10? ) lying before the mtrai^ where we faw one moi^ added to the number. . And aa none of tho(# jkulls had, as yet, fuffered any eondderable change from the weather, it may htnce be in- ferred, that no great length of time had elapfed, fince, at leaft, this coniiderable number of un- happy wretches had been offered upon this <^ltar.of blood." ..; > After this fingular fcene was finiihed, to which the Captain feems to have paid particular attention, they all returned to the ihips, but not before he had fpoken his ientiments freely upon fuch a horrid pradice. Upon this occaiion Oroai was employed as interpreter j and he en- tered into it with fo much fpirit, that the Chief feemed to be in great wrath ; efpecially when he was told, that if he had put a man to death in England, as he had done here, his rank would not have protected him from being hanged for it. Upon this he exclaimed, matno ! maeuo / [vile ! vile !] and would not heaf another word. During this debate, many of tl e natives were prefent, chiefly the attendants and fervants of Towha himdfelf ; and when Omai be^an to explain the punifhmcnt that would be in* fli^ed in England upon the greateft man, if he killed the meaneft fervant^ they feemed to liften with great at- tention ; and were» probably, of a different opinion from that of their mafter, on this fubje6l. On the 4th, a party dined afhore with Omai, who gave excellent fare, coniifting of fi(h> fowls, and pork. There was^ alio a large podding. It was compofed of bread-fruit, ripe plantains, taro, and palm or pandanus nuts^ each rafped, fcraped, or beat up fine, and baked by itfelf. A quantity of juice, preiTed from cocoa-nut kernels, was put into a large tray, of wooden veiZel. The other articles, hot from the oven,, were de^ofited in this veflel ; and a few hot fiones wero alfo put in, to make the contents fimmer. Three or four men made ufe of fticks to ftir the feveral ingredients, till they were incorporated one with another, and the juice of the coco%-nat was turned to oil ; fo that the whole mafs, at laft, became of the confiilency of a hafty-pud- fling. f 104 ) tfng. Some of the'e puddings ine excellent ; and few that are made in England equal them. The Cap. tain became To fond of them, that he feldom after- wards dined without one, when it was to be had: he was a fpe^ator of the whole procefs in making it. On the 5th, they were Co unfortunate as to lofe a Oram of the Cape breed, that had been lambed on ; this was a great lofs, as it was the only one they had of that breed. It was killed by a doe. In the evening of the 7 th, they played off fbmc fire- works before a great concourfe of people. Some were highly entertained, but the greater, number were ter- ribly frightened. A table-rocket was the lafli'it Acw off the table, and difperfed the whole crowd in a mo- ment ; even the mofl refolute among them fled with pre- cipitation. Otoo, who was very attentive to his vifiters, treated them with what may be called a play. His three fillers were the adrefTes, and the dreifes that they appeared in were new and elegant ; |hat is, more fo tlian had been ufually met with at any oHhefe iflands. A chief of this country, named Tec, whom Captain Cook knew upon his former voyage, had died about four months before his prefent arrival ; iiowever, he had an opportunity of feeing the body, which was embalmed : it was, as he fays, entire in every part, and. what was flill more extraordinary, putrefaction feemed fcarcely to be* begun, for there was not the leail difagreeable fmell pro- ceeding from it, though the climate is one of the hotteil ; ^nd Tee had been dead above four months. The only, remarkable alteration t^ at had happened was, a fhrinking of the mufcular parts and eyes ; but the hair and nails- were in their original Hate, and itill adhered firmly : and. the feveral joints were quite pliable, or in that kind of re- laxed ilate which happens to perlons who faint fuddeply. On enquiring into the method of- eife^ing this preferva- tion of their dead bodies, he was informed, that loon after their death they are difembowelled, by drawing the in- tjsiiines, and other vi/cfra, out at the anus ; and the whol^ cavity is then filled or fluffed with cloth, introduced' through the fame part 5 that when any moiilure appeared. 0»! T ■H ( loS ) ' on fhc fliin, it was Carefully dried up, and the bodies af- tenvai'ds rubbed all over with a brge quantity of per- 1 fumed cocoa-nut oil } which, being frequently repeated,'* prefervcd them a great many months i but that, at laft, - they gradually moulder away. On the 9th, being again honoured with Otoo's com- * p.mv, the Caotain's Cook and Gierke, mounted oa horfeback, tooV an airing on the plain of Matavai ; Nvliich furprifed tlie inhabitants, who were aflembled itt ( numbers beyond all defcription, gazing upon them with'' as much ailoniihment as if they had been centaurs. Omai itideed had, tfnce or twice be&re this, attempted to eet on horfeback } but he had as often been thrown off, berore he could contrive to feat himfelf : fo that this was the firft time they had feen any body ride a horfe. This was afterwards repeated every day by one or another of the^ officers; and yet the curionty of the natives continued fdlt unabated. They were exceedingly delighted with thefe animali, after they had feen the uie that was made of them ; and; as far as could be judged, they conveyed to them a better idea of the greatneis of other nations, than all the other novelties put together, that their Euro- pean vi/U^rs had carried amongft then). Both the hoHe and m^re were in good caSe, and looked extremely well. Otoo was very careful to prevent his people pilfer* ing any things either on board, or on the more ; but he was mean enough to collect contributions from fuch girls as had private conne^ons with the failors, which was generally done every morning. Having got all their water on board, the (hips bAfig caulked, the rigging overhauled, and every thing put in order, they began to think of leaving the ifland, that they might have fuiHcient time to fpare for viiiting the others in this neighbourhoo4. September 21, Omai put on his fuit of armour, mounted a ftage in one of the canoes, and was pad- dled all along the ihore of the bay ; fo that every one had a full view of him. His coat of mail did hot draw the attention of his countrymen fo much as might have been expefted. Some of them, indeed, had feen a pj^ of it before ; and there were others, again, who had ta-- ken ( .06 ) ken fuch diflike to Omai, from his imprudent conduct.dt this place, that they would hardly look at any thing, how- ever fingular, that was exhibited by him. Captain Cook, being indifpofed, was obliged to t'c- dine an invitation from Otoo, and confine himfelf to his fliip, when Otoo's mother, his three fillers, and eight ir.oro women, caine on board to him to (lay all night, and endeavour to cure his diforder, which was of the rheuma- tic kind ; he accepted their offer, and ordered a bed to be fpread upon the cabin floor. Their manner of treat- ing him he defcribes in the fbllowing word*? ; *' I was defired to lay myfelf down amongfi: them. Then, as many of them as could get round me, bega.n to fqueeze me with both hands> from head to foot, but more particularly on the parts where the pain was lodged, till they made n^y bones crack, and my ilefh became a perfect mummy. In ihort, after undergoing this difcipline about a quarter of an hour, I was glad to get away from them. However,, the operation gave me immediate relief, which encouraged me to fubmit to another rubbing-down before l went to bed ; and it was fo efFeftual, that I found myfelf pretty eafy all the night after. My female phyficians repeated their prcfcription the next morning, before they went afliore, and again in the evening, when they return- ed* on board ; after which I found the pains entirely removed : and the cure being perfected, they took their leave of me the following morning. This they call romee ; an operation which, in my opinion, far exceeds the flefh-brulh, or anything of the kind that we make ufe of externally. It is univerfally pradlifcd among thefe iflanders, being fometimes performed by the men, but more generally by the women. If, at any time, one appears languid and tired, and fits dowr by any of them, they immedi- ately be^in to pra<5tife the rcm^e upon his legs; and I have always found it to have an exceedingly good ^ A .. Before ( '07 ) 'Be/ore they left this place, they had the pleafure to find that the geefe and the ducks were fitting, and that the other animals were in a promiiing way. Captain Cook gives an inilance of Otoo's condu£V, which ihews thefe people have much addrefs or art. H« had given him, amongll a variety of other prefents, a fpying-glafs ; after having it in his poiTeilion two or three days, tired of its novelty, and probably finding it of no ufe to him, he carried it privately to Captain Clerke, and told him, that, as he had been his very good friend, he had got a prefent for him, which he knew would.be very agreeable. " But," fays Otoo, " you muft not let foote * know it, becaufe he wants it, and I would not let him have it." He thcni put the glafs into Captaia Gierke's hands, at the iame time alluring him that he came honeftly by it. Captain Clerke at firft declined accepting it, but Otoo infilled upon it, and left it with him. Some days after, he put Captain Clerke in mind of the glafs, who, though he did not want it, was yet de- firous of obliging Otoo ; and thinking that a few axes would be of more ufe at this illand, produced four to give him in return. Otoo no fooner faw this, than he faid, ** Toote offered me five for it." ** Well," fays Captain Clerke, " if that be the cafe, your friendlhip for me fh?Ii not make you a lofer, and you fhall have fix axes." Thefe he accepted ; but he defired again, that Toote might not he told what he had done. One of the chiefs gave Omai a very handfome double canoe, in return for fome of his prefents ; this he orna- mented with ten or a dozen fiags and pendants, and drew together, by this gay difplay, as many people, Captaia Cook fays, " as a man of war would in an European port." Omai would not have conduced himfelf fo improperly as he did, in many inflances, but for his fitter and brother- in-law, who, together with a few more of their acquaint- ance, engroffed him entirely to themfelves, with no other view than to ftrip him of every thing he had got. On the 28th, Otoo came on board, and informed the Captain, that he had got a canoe, which he defired him to take and carry home, as a prefent from him to his Ma- jcfty * MU manner of pronouncing Cook» ( lo8 ) jefty the King of Great -firitain, whom he called Eareerahit no Pretane ; it beiiig the only thing, he faid, that he could fend worth his acceptance. The Captain was not a little pleaied with Otoo for this mark of his gratitude. It was a thought entirely his own ; and it (hewed, that he fully iindf rftood to whom he was indebted for the moll valuable breients he had received. As it was too large to take on board, he was thanked for his good intention ; but it would have pleaied him much better, if his prefent could have bi^eh accepted. ' They were detained here fome days longer than they expedled, by light breezes from the Weft. At length, at three o'clock in the afternoon of the ^yth, the wind came at Eaft, and they weighed anchor. As foon as the fhips were under fail, at the requeft of Otoo, and to gratify the curiofity of his people, feven guris loaded with fhot were fired. Otoo being defirous of feeing the Ihip fail, they made a ftretch out to fea, and then lo again ; then he took his leave, and went on Ihcre in his canoe. It was a little extraordinary, that the friendly inter- courfe which fublifted between our voyagers and the peo- ple of this ifland, had never once been fulpended by any untoward accident ; nor had there been a theft commit- ted that defcrves to be mentioned. It is not always in the power of the Chiefs to prevent robberies ; they are frequently robbed themfelves, and complain of it as a great evil. Otoo left the mpft valu- able things he had i^.n Captain Cook's polTeffioiir, till the day before they failed ; and the reafbn he gave for it was, that they were no where fo fafe . Since the bring- ing in of new riches, the inducements to piffering mull have increafed. The Chiefs, fenlible of this, are now Extremely defirous of chefts. One was made for Otoo, the dimenfions of which, according to his own directions, were eight feet in length, five m breadth, and about three in depth. Locks and bolts were not a fufficient fecurity ; but it muft be large enough for two perlbns to fleep upon, by way of guarding it in the night. The Spaniards left th6m, befides the bull already men- tioned, lomc goats, hogs, and dogs, alfo a ram. The hogs are of a large kind ; have akeady greatly improved ■ — ' . the i 109 ) the breed originally found by us upon the illand ; tnd, at the time of our late arrival, were very numerous. Goats are alfo in tolerable plenty, there being hardly a Chief of any note who has not got fome. As to the dogs that the Spaniards put aihore, which, are of two or three forts » J think, fays the Captainj, they would have done the ifland a great deal more fervice, if they had a nuiTance, like all other infefls, had now become a real peil ; and (o dellruftive, that few things were free from iheir ravages. If food of any kind was expofed only for 2 few minutes, it was covered with them ; and they foon pierced it full of holes, refembling a hony-comb. They were uncommonly fond of ink, fo that the wrk ting on the labels fattened to different articles, was quite eaten out ; and the only thing that preferred books from iHem, was theclofenefs of the binding, which prevented thefe devourers getting between the leaves. They now not only did all the mifchief mentioned above, but had even got amongft the rigging ; (6 that when a fail was loofened, thoufands of them ^11 upon the decks. They alfo did great mifchief to the bread, which was (6 befpat- tered with their excrement, that it would have been badly reliihed by delicate feeders. The inter courfe of trade and friendly offices^ was car- ried on between the fliips companies and the natives^ without being diilurbed by any one accident, 'till the evening of the 2 2d, when a man found means to get into Mr. Bayly's obfervatory, and carry off a fextant undiico- vered. It was, however, with great difficulty recovered unhurt, and the thief was fent on board the fhip to be punifhed, which was done by fliaving his head and beards and cutting off both his ears. This very fellow was not, however, deterred thereby ; for he foon after deftroyed and carried off feveral vines and cabbage-plants in Omai*s grounds ; and publickly threatened to kill him, and burn his houfe, as foon as the Englilh (hould Leave the ifland. To prevent the fellow's doing £^ny more mifchief, the Captain had him feized, and confined again on board the fhip, with a view of carrying him off the ifland ; and it Teemed 10 give general fatif- htXion to the Chiefs, that he intended thus to difpofe of him. Omai's houfe being nearly finiftied, many of his move- ables were carried aftiore on the 26th. Amongil a variety of other ufelefs articles was a box of toys, which, when expofed to public view, feemed greatly to pleafe the gazing multitude. But, as to his pots, kettles, difhes,. plates, drinking-mugs, glaffes, and the whole train of iiomeftic accommodations* hardly any one of his coun- trymen ( "3 ) trymcn would fo much as look at tliem. Omal him- Itrif* now began to think, that they were of no maiinciui* nfe to him ; that a baked hog was more favory food th.i!» a boiled one ; that a plantain-leaf made as good a diih or plate as pewter ; and tJiat a cocoa-nut Iheli was as conve- nient a goblet as a black-jack : and therefore he very wifely dilpofod of as many of thefc articles of EngUlh furniture for the kitchen and pantry, as he could find purchafers for, amongll the people of the Ihips ; receiving, from them, in return, hatchets, and othef iron tools, which had a morjb intrinfic value in this part of th& world, and added more to his diftinguifliing fupcriority over thofe with whom he was to^pafs the remainder of his days. In the long Iifl of the prefents bellowed upon him in England, fire -works had not been forgot. Some of tJieie were exhibited, in the evening of the 28th, before a great concourfe of people, who beheld them with a mixture of pleafure and tear. Between midnight and four in the morning of the 30th,. thcBolabola man, who was in confinement, found means; to make his escape out of the fhip. He carried with him the fhackle of the bilboo-bolt that was about his leg. Upon enquiry, it appeared, that not only the fentry placed over the priioner, but the whole watcii, upon the quarter- dieck where he was confined, had laid themlelves down ttr f!eep. The Captain was not a little pleated to hear afterward, that the fellow who elcapcd, had tranfparted himfelftoUlietea. As loon as Oniai was fettled in his new habitation, they began to think of leaving the ifland, ^m\ getting every thing off from the (Ivore, except the horie and mare, and a goat big with kid; which were left in the poflelTion of Omai, witli whom they were now finally to part.. A boar and two fows of tlie Englifh breed were added to the above, and he had got a iovv or two of his own. The horfc co- vered the marc while they were at Otaheite ; fo that a breed of horles in thefe illands is likely to have lucceeded. The hiftory of Ornai will, perhaps, interelt a very nu- merous clafb of readers, more than any other occurrence •f the voyage. Every circufnAancc^. therefore, which may < 119 ) tnay Terve to convey a fatisfadory account of the exaA iltuation in which he was left, will be thought worth preferving ; and the following particulars are added, to complete the view of nis domeftic ellabliihmqnt. He had picked up at Otahcitc four or five Teutons ; the two New Zealand youths remained with him ; and his brother* and fome others, joined him at Huaheine ; fo that his family confided already of eight or ten perfons ; if that can be called a family, to which not a iingle female as yet belonged, nor was likely to belonjg;, unlefs its mafter became lefs volatile. At prefent Omai did not feem at all dirpcfcd to take unto him&lf a wife. The houfe ere^ed for him was twenty-four feet by eighteen, and ten feet high. It was compofed of boards ; and, in building it, as few nails as pofHble were ufed, that there might be no inducement, from the love of iron* to pull it do^n. His European weapons coniifled of a mufket, bayonet, and cartouch-box ; a fowling-piece ; twopair of piilols ; and two or three fwords or cutlaiTes. TJie pofTeilion of thefe made him quite happy. Yet fuch implements of war, in the hands of one whofe prudent ufe of them there is fome grounds for miflrufting, will, in all pr6ba<* bility, increafe his dangers rather than eftablifli his fu- periority. After he had got on fliore every thing that bebnged to him, and was fettled in his houfo, he had mod of the ofHcers of both (hips, two or three times, to dinner; and his table was always well fupplied with the very bell provifions that the ifland produced. Before Captain Cook failed, he caufed the following infcription to be cut upon the outilde of his houfe : Georgius Tertius, Rex, 2 NoHtemhris, 1 7 77. \ Di/co^ery, Car, ClerAe, Pr. On the fecond of November, both the (hips failed out of the harbour, and ail took their leave, except Omai, who remained till they were at fea. Jn an hour or two after he went afhore, taking a very afFeflionate farewell of all the officers. He fu&ined himfelf with 9, msmly xcfoltttion, tiU he came to Captain Cook. Then his utmoft ( 120 ) utmoft efforts to conceal his tears failed ; and Mr. King, who went in the boat, faid that he wept ail the time m going aihore. It was no fmall fatisfadlion to refle(Jl, that he was brought fafe back ; and yet, fuch is the ftrange nature of human alFairs, that it was probable he was left in a kk defirable lituation, than he was in before his connexion -with the Englifh. The advantages he received, placed him in a more hazardous fituation, with refpe^t to his peHbnal fafety. Omai, from being much careiTed in England, lOft fight of his original condition ; and never confidered in what manner his acquifitions, either of know- ledge or of richest would be eftimated by his country- men, at Ms return ; which were the only things he could have to recommend him to them now, more than before, and on which he could build either his future greatnefs or happinefs. He feemed even to have miftaken their ge- nius in this refpeft, and, in Ibme meafure,, to have for- gotten their cuiJoms : otherwife he muft have known the extreme difficulty there would be in getting himfelf ad- mitted as a perfon of rank, where there is, perhaps, no inftance of a man's being raifed from an inferior ftadon by the greatefl merit. Had he made a proper ufe of the prefents he brought with him, this, with the knowledge he had acquired by travelling fo far, might have enabled him to form the moil ufeful connexions. But inflances have already be-^n given of his childifh inattention to this obvious means of advancing his intereft. His father was, doubtlefs, a man of conliderable property in Ulietea, when that iflandwas conquered by thofe of Bolabola ; and, with many others, fought refuge in Huaheine, where he died, and left Omai, with fome other children ; who, by that means, became totally dependent. In this fituation he was taken up by Captain Furittaux, and carried to Eng- land. At 4he FriciiJly lilands he fquandered away much of his European treafore veiy unnecelTarily ; and he was equally imprudent at Tiaraboo, where he could have no view of making friends, as he had not any intention of remaining there. At Matavai, he continued the fame inconiiderate behsviour, till an abfolute flop was put to his Dfofufion by Captain Oook* He might have fettled - to ( 121 ) to great advrntaee in Otaheite, if Ins condiift had not p-ivcn offence to Otoo, who was at iirll his friend : he had formerly lived there feveral yea^s. The objeibon to ad- mitting him to fonie rank would have alfo been much lefiened, if he had fixed at Otaheite ; as a native will always find it mo-^e difficult to accomplilh fuch a change of ftate amongft his countrymen, than a ftranger, who natjrally claims refpe^t. ^ Whatever faults belonged to Omai*s charadler, they were more than overbalanced by his great good-naturs and docile difpofition. During the whole time he was on board, he feldora gave offence either to the Captain or the officers. His grateful heart always retained the higheff fenfe of the favours he had received in England ; nor will lie ever forget thofe who honoured him with their protcftion and friend ill ip during his Hay there. He had a tolerable fhare of underftanding, but wanted application and perfeverance t^ exert it* We are not to expeft that Omai will be able to introduce many of o»r arts atid caitoms amonglt them, or much improve thofe to which they have been long habituated ; there is little doubt, however, but that he will endeavour to bring to perfcftion the various fruits and vegetables before mentioned, which wi!l be no finall acquilition. But the greateft benefit thefe iiiands are likely to receive from Omai's travels, will be in the animals that have beea left upon them ; which, probably, they never would have got, had he not come to England. When thefc multiply, of which I think there is little doubt, Otaheite, and the Society Iflands^. will equal, if not exceed, any- place in the known world, for provifions. Omai*s return, and the fubftantiai proofs he brought back with him of our liberality, encouraged many to offer rliemfeives as volunteers to go with the Captain 5 but all fuch applications were totally reje(5led, agreeably to Lord Sandwich's inllrudions. The boat which carried Omai aflior^ having returned to the Ihip, Ihe was hoiiled in, and immediately ftood over for. Ulietea. At ten o'clock at night, they brought to, till four the next morning, when they made fail round the South end of the illapd, for the harbour of Ohama- M neno. ncno. At moon, they wei:e, by calms and light airs, ftiil a league from the entrance of the harbour. / Next morning, bein|^ the 4th, the Ihip, head and ftera, was moored at the head of the harbour, and opened ont of the ballaft-ports. From this a flight ftage was made to the land, being at the diftance of about twenty feet, with a view to get clear of fome of the irats that continued to infell them. The Difcovery mnoied like- wife. Nothing worthy of note happened,, till the night be- tween the 1 2th and 13th, when John Harrifon, a marine, who was fentinel at the obfervatory, deferted, carrying with him his mufquet and accoutrements. Having in the morning got intelligence which way he had moved off, a party was fent after him ; but they returned in the evening, after an ineffeftual inquiry and fearch. 1 he next day, havine got information that he was at a place called Hamoa, the Captain went tliither with two armed boats. He was found with the mufquet lying before him, fitting between two women, who immediately rofe up to pkad in his behalf, h^ it was highly proper to dii'- courage fuch proceedings, they were ordered with a frown to begone. Upon this they burfl into tears and walked off. Paha, the Chief of the diflrid, now came with a plantain tree, and a fucking pig, which he would have prefented as a peace-offering ; but the Captain rejeded it, and having embarked, with the deferter, on board the iifft boat that arrived, returned to the fhips. The fel- \rm had nothing to fay in his defence, but that the na- tives had enticed him away. As it appeared, that he had remained upon his poft till within a few minutes of Utit time when he was to have been relieved, the puniih- jnent inuidled u^n him was not fevere. About a fortnight after our arrival at Ulietea, Omai fent two of his people in a canoe ; who brought the fa- tisfadory intelligence, that he remained undifturbed by the people of the ifland, and that every thing went well with him, except that his goat had didd in kidding. He ac- companied this intelligence, with a requeft, that the Cap- tain would fend him another goat, and two axes. Be- 102 happy to have this additional opportunity of fervMig him* ( >*3 ) him, the meffengcrs were fent to Huaheine, on the 1 8t}*, with the axes, and two kids, male and female> which were fpared for him out of tht l>ifcovery. While they lay moored to the fhore, they heeled, and fcrubbed both iides of the bottoms of the (hips, and at the ("ame time fixed fometin plates under the binds ; firft taking off the old fheathing, and putting in a piece unfilled, over which the plates were nailed. Thefe plates were had from the ingenious Mr. Pelham, Secretary fo the Comr miffioners for Vidualling his Majefty*s Navy ; with a view of trying whether tin would, anfwer the fame end as copper, on the bottom of Ihips. On the 24th in the morning, it was difcovered that a midfhipman and a feaman, both belonging to the Difco- very, were mrffing: the natives faid that they went away ia a canoe the preceding evening, and were, at this time, at the ^'her end of the iiland. As the midihipman was k::( : ave expreiled a defire to remain at thefe iflands, it feemed pretty certain, that he and his companion had gone off with thts intention ; and Captain Gierke fet out in queft of them with two armed boats and a party of marines. F's expedition proved fraitlefs 5 for he returned in the evening without any certain intelligence where they were. The next morning he was told that the run-aways were at Otaha. Here he went with two armed boats, being accompanied by the Chief himfelf. But when they got to the place, they were told that they had quitted thi» iiland, and gone over to Bolabola the day before. Captain Cook did not ] u ir. proper to follow them thither, but re- turned to tht '" * ; fully determined, however, to have recourfe to & ^- ..Cn ,• which, he guefTed, would oblige the natives to bring ilu*ri back. Soon after day-break, the Chief, his fon, daughtijr, and fon~in-law, came on board the Refolution. The three laft he detained tia the two defertcrs fhould be pro- duced, r . An explanation of the motives upon which this Hep was taken and which they found means to make Oreo and his j^ n^^lc, who were prefent, fully comprehend. [eemed to recover them from that general contternation into which they were at firft thro^vn. However, many of the lutives cxpreired great forrow, and went under the M 2 Difcovery's, ( 124 ) Difcovery's ilern in canoes, -to bewail their captivity, which they did with long andJoud exclamations. Pocdoo'a ! ior fo the Chief *s daugfter was called, refounded from every quarter ; and the women feemed to vie with each other in mourning her fate. Oreo himfelf did not give way to unavailing lamenta- tions, but inftantly began his exertions to recover the de- ftrtcrs, by difpatchmg a canoe toBolabola, with a meffage toOpoony, the fovt reign of that iilahd, acquainting him With ivhat had happened^ and requeuing him to feize the two fiigitives, and fend them back. The raeflenger, who was no lefs a man than the father of Pootce, came to the Captain for inflrudions before he fet out, by whom he was ftriftly enjoined not to return without the defert- frs ; and to tell Opoony, r '^ him, that, if they had left Bolabola, he muft fend cab to bring them back ; for he fufpetted that they woula not long remain in One place. The confcqucnce, however, of die priibners was h great, that it hurried them to meditate an attempt which might have involved them in ftill greater diftrefs, had it not been fortunately prevented. Between five and fix o'clock in the evening, all their canoes, in and about ihe harbour, began to move off, as if fome fadden panic had feized them. The Captain was afluxre, abreaft of th# fliip at the time, and enquired, in vain, to find out the cattfe, till the people of '^\e Difcovery told him, that t party of the natives had feized Captain Clerke and Mr. Gore, who had walked oat a little way from the fhips. Struck with the boldnefs of this plan of retaliation, which feemed to counteract him (6 effeClually in his own way, there was no time to deliberate. He inftantly ordered the people to arm ; and in lefs than five minutes a ftrong party, under the command of Mr. King, was fent to ref- cue the two gentlemen. At the fame time two armed boats, and a party under Mr. Williamfon, went after the flying canoes, to cut ofl^ their retreat to the ftiore. Thefe feveral detachments were hardly out of fight, before an account arrived that he had been mifinformcd; upoii which he fent, and called them all in. it was evident, . however, from feveral corroborating circumllanccs, tliat the dcfign of fci/ing Captain Cltrke Journa { i«$ ) had really been in agitation amoneft the natives. Nay, they made no fecret in fpeaking'of it the next day. But their firft and ereat plan of operations was to have laid hold of Captain Cook. It was cuttomary with him to bathe every evening in the frefh water : very often he went alone ; and alwa^ s without arms. Expecting him to go, as ufual, this evening, they had determined to feize him and Captain Gierke too, if he had accompanied him. But he had, after confining Oreo*s family, thought it prudent to avoid putting himfejf in their power ; and had cautioned Captain Gierke, and the officers, not to go far from the (hips. In the courfe of the afternoon, the Chief afked, three feveral times, if he would not go to the bathing-place ; and when he found, at lail, that he could not be prevailed upon, he went off, with the reft of his people, in fpite of all that he could do or fay to ftop him. But as the Captain had no fufpicion, at this time, of their defign, he imagined that fome fudden fright had feized them, which would, as ufual, fbon be over. Being difappointed, as to him, they fixed on thofe who were more in their power. It was fortunate for all parties> that they did not fucceed ; and not lefs fortunate, that no mifchief was done on the occafion. For not a muf*^ qaet was fired, except two or three, to ftop the canoes«i To that firing, perhaps, Meflrs. Gierke and Gore owect their fafety § ; for, at that v^ry inftant, a party of the natives, armed with clubs, were advancing toward them ; and, on hearing the report of the mufquets, they dif^ perfed. The confpiracy, as it may be called, was firft difcov^red fey a girl, whom one of the officers had brought from Huaheine. She, overhear, .g fome of the Ulieteans fay, that tliey would feize Captain Gierke and Mr. Gore, ran to acquaint the firft, of their friends fhe met with. Thofe who were charged with the execution of the defign, threatened to kill her, as foon as the Englifti left the ifland, for difappointing them. Being av/are of this, it was contrived that her friends (hould come, fome days af- M 3 ter, § Perhaps they owed their A^fety, principally, to Captain Cle-kf's Valking with a piflol in iiis hand', which he once fired. This cir- e>»«riftance is omitted both in Captain Cook's and Mr. Anderson's Journa' j bat it iiherc mentioned on the authority of Captain Kjn?* ( l«6 ) tetg and take her out of the Ihip, to convey hef to a place ef fafety, where fhe might lie concealed, till they ihould h^ye an opportunity of fending her back to Huaheine. .On the 27th, every thing aihore was carried on board j the moorings of the ihips were caft off, and they tranf- ported them a little way down the harbour, where they came to an anchor again. Toward the afternoon, the natives began 10 ihake off their fears, gathering round, 9nd on board, the fhips, as ufual ; and the traniaflion of ^e day before feemed to be forgotten on both fides . The following night, the wind blew in hard fqualls from South to Eaff, and the cable by which the Refolu' tion waff riding, parted, juft without the havvfe. She had another anchor ready to let ero ; fo that the ihip was pre^ fently brought up again. , Orea, the Chief, being uneafy, as well as the Captain, that no account had been received from Bolabola, fet out on the 29th himfelf for that iiland, from whence he foon returned with the two deferters. They ha4 reached Otaha the fame night they deferted ; but, finding it im- poiHble to get to any of the iflands to the Eaftward (which was their intention) for want of wind, they had pro** ceeded to Bolabola, and from thence to the fmall iiland Toobaee, where they were taken by the father of Pootoe, in confe^uence of the iirft meffage fcnt to Opoony. As ibon as tney were on board, the three prifoners were re- leafed. Thus ended an affair, which had occafioned much trouble and vexation. The Captain would not have exerted himfelf fo very much, but to prevent others from making the like attempt, and to fave the fon of a brother officer from being a lofs to his country. On the 7th of December both the fhips got out to fea, and ileereo for fidaSda. Oreo, and fix or eight men snore, took a paflkge with them.. The fole obje tk i Captain wa» introduced to Opoony , tht Chief, in t^e midft of a great concourie of people. Having no time to lofe, as foon as the neceflfary fbrma-i lity of compliments was over, he afked the Chief to give him the anchor, and produced the prefent prepared for him, confiiHng of a linen night-?own, a ihirt, feme gauze handkerchiefs, n looking-glate, fome beads, and other toys ; and fix axes. Upon the receipt of thefe prefents, he ordered it to be delivered. Having thus completed the negociation, - he returned on board, hoiiled in the boats, and made ^il from the ifland to the North. ' How high the Bolabola men are now in eftimatton at Otaheite, may be inferred from Monfieur de Bougain- ville's anchor having been conveyed to them. To the fame caufe muft be alcribed the intention of tranfporting to their iiland the SpaniQi bull. And they had already got pofTcflion of a ram, brought to Otaheite by the Spa- niards. The Captain carried afhore a ewe, which had been brought from the Cape of Good-Hope. He al(b left at Ulietea, under the care of Oreo, an Englifh boar and fow, and two goats. So that, not only Ota- heite, but all the neighbouring iflands, will, in a few years, have their race of hogs confiderably improved $ and probablv be flocked with all the valuable animals which have oeen tranfported hither by their European vifiters. When once this comes to pafs, no part of the world will equal thefe iflands, in variety and abundance. of re- frelhments for navigators. There are no places known that excel them in this refpe^ now. At Otaheite, they expedl the return of the Spaniards ^ every day ; and they will look for the Englifh, two or three years hence, not only there, but at the other iflands* It is to no purpofe to tell them, that you will not return ; they think you muft ; though not one of them knows, or will give himfelf the trouble to inquire, the reafpn. Too much ieems to have been already known, and pub- liflied in. former relations, about fome of the modes of life, that made Otaheite fo agreeable an abode to many on board the ihips, There are, however, many part" of ( «8 ) of the domeftic, political, and religious inftitutions of t^efe people, which are but imperfeSly underilood. , Perhaps there is fcarccly a fpot in the univerfe that affords a more luxuriant profpefl than the South Kail part of Otaheite. The hills are high and fteep ; but they are covered to the very fummits with trees and ihrubs. The fiat land which bounds thofe hills toward the fea, and the interjacent valleys alfo, teem with various produ^ons that grow with the mod exuberant vigour. Rivulets are alio found in every valle/. The cloth plant, which is raifed by feeds brought from the mountains, and the <3 he never faw them, in any misfortune, labour un- der the appearance of anxiety, after the critical moment was pafti Neither does care ever feem to wrinkle their brow. Oh the contrary, even the approach of death d^s n(it appear to alter their ufnal vivacity. Their amufements all tend to' extite amorous paffilmty jftid tlieir GSng^g of Whidi they are imm^oderately fohdj anfwer th^ fante pilr^e. They ddi^ht in muAciB^i- dier are tliey ftrangers to the foothiiig eife^s prodt^cdf 1^ particular ibrts* of motion; which, in fome caies, feem to aUay any perturbation of mind, with as intich ikcefs as EliHfict Their arts arc few and fim|>le ; yet, if they may \i& cfedited, they ' perform cures in furgery, ana are not qaite unac<}uaimed with phyfic ; they f'^em te have nO emetics. ^ Of animal food, a very fmall portion iallsj at any^ time, to the fhare of thr lower clafs of people ; and then' it is either fiih, fea-eggs, or other marine produftionsi for they feldom or ever eat pork. The Eree de bci ^ alone, is able to fumifli pork every day ; and inferior Chiefs, accorciing to their riches, once a week, fortni^jht^ or month. Sometimes, they are not even allowed tiiat ; for, when the ifland is impoverifhed by war, or other caufes, the Chief prohibits his fubjedl to kill any hogs ; and this prohibition, we are told, is in force, fometimes, tor feveral months, or even for a year or two. During that \ Mr. Anderfon invariably, in h!$ Qianufeript, wri^s Zni d» he** According to, Captain Cook's mode, it is Eree rabie* Thisuona of' the numerous inftances that perpetually occur, of ''cgteftntiog llie fame word diftcrentl/. ' ( MO ) that rcftraint the hogs multiply Co fsjt^ ikxt there afe in-. Hances of their changing their donieftic ftate, and turn* ing wiid/ A Timilar prohibition is alfo fbmetimes ex- tended to fowls. It is alfo amongft the better fort, itokt the ova is chiefly ufed. But this beverage is prepared fomewhat differ- ently from that which was feen fo much at the Friendly Iflands ; for they pour a very fmall quantity of water tt]S^n the root here ; and ibmetimes roaft or bake, and brttife the ftalks, without chewing it prcviouiI)r to its in* fti/ton. But its pernicious effe^ are ver}^ obvious ; per* haps, owing to tne manner of preparing it ; as we often iaw inflances of its intoxicating, or rather ilupifying, powers. As an excufe for a practice fo deftruAive, they al ledge, that it is adopted to prevent their growing too fat ; but it evidently enervates them, and, in all proba- bility, ihortens their days. Tne women have not only the morti£cation of being, oblieed to eat bv themfeh"4, and in a difleieiK part of the houfe from tne men, but, by a ftrange kind of po* licy, are excluded from a fliare of moft of the better ibrts of food. The women, generally, ferve up their own vidluals ; for they would certainly uarve, before any. grown man ^would do thent fuch an office. If a young man and woman, from mutual choice, f%) habit, the man gives the father of the girl fuch thi?^ as are in common life ; as hogs, cloth, or canoes, in p\^- portion to the time they are together ; and if he thinks that he has not been fufficiently paid for his daugliter, her makes no fcruple of forcif^g her to leave her friend, and to cohabit Avitn another perfon who may be more liberal. The man, on his part, is always at liberty to make a new choice ; but, fhould his confort become pregnant,, he may kill the child ; and, after that, either contitiu'j his connexion with the mother, or leave her ; but if h? Ihould adopt the child, and fuffer it to live, the partie;. are then confidered as in the married Hate, and they commonly live together ever after. The women are often treated with a degree of harfti- nefs, or rather brutality, which one would fcarcely fup- pofe a man would beftow on an objett for whom he " ' had hlCii. ( »3« ) Jrad the lead afFe^lion. Nothing* hovtrever, is more com* inon than to fee the men beat them without mercy. Cutting or inciding the fore-ikin is a pra£lice adopted amongft them, from a notion of cleaniioefs. When there are five or fix lads pretty well grown up in a neighbourhood, the father of one of them goes to a Ta- houa, or man of knowledge, and lets him know. He goes with the lads to the top of the hills, and, feating one of them properly, introduces a piece of wood under- neath the foreikin, and defires him to look afide at fome- thing he pretends is coming. Having thus engaged the young man's attention to another objedl, he cuts through the (kin upon the wood, with a fhark's tooth, generally at one ftroke. He then feparates, or rather turns back, the divided parts ; and, having put on a bandage, pro- ceeds to perform the fame operation on the other lads. At the end of Ave days they bathe, and the bandages being taken off, the matter is cleaned away. At the end of £ve days mo/e they bathe again, and are well ; but a thicknefs of the prepuce, where it was cut, remain- ing, they go again to the mountains with the Tahoua ; and a fire being prepared, and fbme flones heated, the • Tahoua puiis the prepuce between two of them, and fqueezes it gently, which remove* the thicknefs. They then return home, having their heads, and other parts of their bodies, adorned with odoriferous flowers. They believe the foul to be both immaterial and im- mortal. They fay, that it keeps fluttering about the lips during the pangs of death ; and that it then afcends, and mixes with, or, as they exprefs it, is eaten by the Deity. In this fUte it remains for fome time ; after which it departs to a certain place deftined for the re- ception of the fouls of men, where it exiils in eternal night. They have no idea of any permanent punifhment after death ; for the fouls of good and of bad men are eat indifcriminately by God. According to their doc- trine, if a man refrain from all connexion with women ibme months before dcatii, he pafTes immediately into his eternal manfion. The King never enters the houfe of any of his fub- je^s ; but has, in every diflridl, where he vifits, houfes belonging to himfelf ; and if, at any time, he fhould be ( «32 ) 4k •bltged by accident to deviate from th:s rule, the ' houte thus honoured with Iki preience, and every part of itho ^rnituret is burnt. ^ 'tke ranks of people, befldes the Eree /t Im, or King 's9Mi hie family* are the Erees^ or powerful Chiefs ; the Maumb^Qne^ or vaiTals ; and the Teou, or Ttuteu, fervants, or rath«r flavei. The men of each of thefe, according to the regular iuftitution.. form their connexions with H^ltftten of their refpe^ive ranks ; but if with any infe- j'ior one, which frequently happens, and a child be born> it il preserved, and has the rank of the father, unlefs it happens to be an Eree, in whioh cafe it is killed. If a woman of condition ihould chuie an inferior perfon to oihciate as an huiband, the children he has by her are killed. And if a Teou be caught in an intrigue with a wbman of the blood-royal, he is put to death. The Ton of the Eree de hoi fucceeds his father in title and honours, as foon as he is born ; but if he ihould have no children, the brother afTumes the government at his death. Crimes are in general left to the fufferer, to puniih as he pleafes. If any one be caught ftealing, the proprietor of the goods may put the thief inftantly to death. £ut To Se- vere a puniQunent is feldom inili^ed, unlefs the articles that are jftolen be reckoned very valuable ; fuch as brcaft- plates, and plaited hair. For fmall thefts, a ilight beat- ing only is inflidicd. If a perfon kill another in a quar- rel, the friends of the deceafed afTemble, and engage the furvivor and his adherents. If they conqifcr, they take poiTeffion of the houfe, lands, and goods of the other party; but if conquered, the re verfe takes place. We fieiea not wonder that the killing of a man ihoiild be con- iidered as fo trifling an offence, amongft a people who do not coniider it, as any crime at all to murder their own children. When talking to them, fibout fuch in- ftances of unnatural cruelty, and aiking whether the Chiefe or principal people were not angrr> and did not puniflt them? Mr. Anderlbn recetvsed this anfwer, •• The Chief neither could nor would interfere in fuch ** cafes J and that t\txy one had a right to do with his *' own chtld what he phja^ed.*' Seventeen months iKui now elapfed (ince they had failed- frum England. With regard to the principal objetS of their ( 133 > their iiiftruiflions, their voyage was at this time enW bc« ginning, and therefore evtry thine; that mieht contnbutt to their fuccefs was now to be tSought oF. As foon u they had got beyond the extent of their former difcovc- ties, a forvex of all the ftores that were in the ihipt wat made, in order to uTe them to the beft advantage. In the night, between the asd and ajd^ they cfoflbd the line. On the 2i.th, about half an hour after day-bri^« land was diicovered bearing Ndrth Eaft by Edt, half Eaft. Upon a nearer approach, it was found to be one of thofe low iflands fo common in this ocean ; that is* a narrow bank of land inclofmg the fea within. A few cocoa-nut trees were feen in two or three places ; but ill general the land had a very barren appearance. They found foundings here, and anchored. At day-break the next morning, they fent two boats, one from each (hip, to fearch more accurately for a landing-place ; and« at the fame time, two others, to fifli at a grappling near ^he (hore. Thefe laft returned about eight o'clock, with ward of two hundred weight of flfh. Encouraepd by . ..o fuccefs, they were difpatched again after breakfaft. On the 26th, in the morning. Captain Gierke was ordered to fend a boat, with an officer, to the South Eall part, to look for turtle; and Mr. King and Captain Cook went each in a boat to the North Eaft part. Cap« tain Cook faw livt turtles dole tb the (horc. One of thefe they caught* and the reft made their efc^pe. Mr. King foon aft^lr returned without any; however, they did not defpair of getting a lupplyi for fome of Captain Gierke's omcoif had been more fortunate, and caught' fevexal there. In the meming of the 27th, the pinnace and ctttter. under the cottmand of Mr. King* were fent to the South Kail part of the ifland ; they, and a PAfty of Cajptain Gierke's people, brought upwards of (iffy. j' In the afcerooon of the 30th, the boats and turtling party all returned on board, except a feaman beionying : to the Diicovery, who had been miffing two days, loere ' were two of them at iirft who had loft their way; but difagreeing about the moft probable track to bring ti>em back to their companions, they had feparated ; and one t »34 ) of th<»m joined the party, after having been abfent twenty. four iiours, and been in great dillrefs. The land over which they had to travel was not more than thrf e miles acrofs ; nor was there any thing to ob^ ftrud their view ; for the country was a flat, with a few Ihrubs fcattered upon it ; and, from many parts of it, the mails of the H^ips could eafily be feen. But confider- ing how ftrange a fet of beings the generality of fea- men are, when on ihore, inltead of being' furprifed that thefe two men ihould thus lofe their way^ it is rather to be wondered at, that no more of the party were miffing. As fooij as Captain Clerke knew that one of the llrag- glers was Hill in tliis aukward lituation, he fent a party m fearch of him, who returned with their loft companion. This poor fellow muft have fuffered far greater diftref* than tiie other ftraggler ; not only as having been loft a longer time, but as he was too fqueamilh to Jrink turtle's blood; which the other did, as there was no water in the iiland. Having forac cocoa-nuts and yams on board, in a ftate of vegetation, Captain Cook ordered them to be planted here ; he alfo left on the little iiland, a bottle containing this infcription : Georgius T'ertias, Rex, 31 Decembris, 1777* nir J Re/olution, Jac, Cook, Pr, JSa'ViS I j)ijig^gry. Car. CLrke, Pr. They got at this ifland, to both fliips, about three hundred turtle, weighing, one with another, about ninety er a hundred pounds. Thefe were all of the green kind, ftnd perhaps as good as any in the world. They alfo fcaaght, with hook and line, as much fiih as they could ^onmme during their ftay. TJhefe confined prinv:ipall7 bf fcavallies, ofdifferent flzcs ; large and final! fnappers ; ^nd a few of two fo* is of rock filh. There were not the fmalleft traces of any human being having ever been here before t'lem. As they kept Chriftmas here. Captain Cook called fiih difccvery Chriftmas Ifland. On the 2d of January, 1778, at day-break, they W^igK^d aitchor> and reAuned their coturfe to the NortL Oft „v On the i9rh, at fun-rife, they faw land. At this' time they were in doubt whether or no the land there was in- habited ; btJt this doubt was foon cleared up by feeing fome canoes coining oiF from the ihore toward the fliips. I'hcy had from three to fix men each ; and, ou their ap- pi oach,theCaptain was agreeably llirprifed to find,that they I'poke the language of Otaheite, and of the other iftandg lately vilited. It required but very little addrofs to get them to come along-nde ; but no intreaties could prevail upon any of them to come on board. Some brafs medaU were tied to a rope, and given to them, who in return, tied fome fmall mackai-el to the rop^, ns an equivalent* This was repeated ; and fome fmall nails, or bits of iron, which they valued more than any other article, were given them. They feemed very mild ; and had n on their entering the ihip, they endeavoured to fteal every thing they came near ; or rather to take it openly, as if they would not be prevented : however, tncy were foon convinced of their error ; and if they, after fome time, *jccame lefs ad^ive in appropriating to themfelves whatever they took a fancy to, it was becaufe they found there was a watchful eye over them. Jufl as three boats, armed, were ordered to go on fhore irrfearch of freih water, one of the natives ftole a butcher's cleaver, leaped overboard, got into his canoe; and > T- tcned to the fhore, the boats purfuing him in vain. To prevent the communication of a certain difeafe, Captain Cook ordered all the female vifiters to be ex«- clud^ ^ '37 ) citlded from the ftiips. Many of them hk^ -dome off' In the canoes. Their &ze, colour, and features, did not differ much frcra thofe of the men ; and thoudi their countenances were remarkably open and agreeable, there were few traces of delicacy to be feen, either in their faces, 01 other proportions. Another neceiTary precau- tion was taken,, by llridly enjoining, that no perfon, known to be capable of propagating the infetfUon, (hoi4d be fent upon duty out ot the (hips. • About noon, Mr. Williamlbn came back,, and report- ed, that he had leen a large pond, near one of the vil- lages, which contained frelh water. He alfo reported, that he had attempted to land in another place, but was oppoied by the natives, who, coming down to the boats in great numbers, endeavoured to take away the oars, muf- quets, aad, in (hort, every thing that they could laV hold of; and pretTed fo thick upon him, that he was obliged to Hre, by which one man was killed; But this unhappy circumilance the Captain did not know till after he had left the iiland ; fo that all his meafures were dire^ed as if nothing of the kind had happened. Between three and four o^clock, he went afhore with three armed boats, and twelve marines, to examine the water, and to try the difpofition of the inhabitants^ fe- veral hundreds of whom were afTembled on a fandy beach near the village ; at the back of which was the 'ece of water. The very inflant he leaped an (hore, the coUedled body of the natives all fell flat upon their faces, and remained in that very humble pofture, till, by exprelfive figns, he prevailed upon them to rife. They then brought a gre^t many fmall pigs ; he expreffed his acceptance of their protFered friendftiip, by giving them, in return, fuch pre* fents as he had brought. When this introductory bufi-. nefs was finifhed, he itationed a guard upon the beach* and got fome of the natives to conduA him to the water* which proved to be very good, and in a proper fuuatioa for their purpofe. It was fo confiderable, that it may be called a lake ; and it extended farther up the country than they could fee. The Captain having fatisfied bim« felf about this very effential point, and about the peace* able difpofition of the natives, he returned on bo^rd ; avd N 3 ' then ^m -l^eTi gave orders that every thing ftiould be in readinefe- for landing, and filling the water-cafks in the morning. They met with no obftrudlion in watering'; on the con- trary, the natives affifted the men in rolling the caiks to and from, the pool. Captain Cook, Mr. Webber, and Mr. Anderlbn, then made aa excurfion up the country j every perfon they met fell prollrate upon the ground, and lemained in that pofition till they had paiVed. Their Chiefs are accuftomed to the fame kind of nomagc. fn this Ihort excurfion nothing wasvfeen worthy of no- tice-; upon their :.^turn to the beach, they found a great crowd affembled, and a briik trade for pigs, fowls, and iroots, going on there, with the greateft order, Amongft the articles which they bronght to barter, they could- not help taking notice of a particalar fort of cloak and cap. The firft are nearly of the fize and Ihape of the fhort clcaks worn by the women in England. The ground of them is a net-work, upon which the moil beau - tiiul red and yellow feathers are lo clofely fixed, that the iiurface might be compared to the thickeft and richeft velvet, which they refemble, both as to the feel and the glofify appearance. The cap is made almoft exadlly like a helmet, with the middle part, or creft, fometiines of a hand's breadth; and it fits very dole upon the head, having notches to admit the cars. It is a frame of twigs and ofiers, cs- vered with a net-work, into which are wrought feathers, ■ in the fame manner as upon the cloaks, though rather dofer, and lefs diverftfied. Thefe, probably, complete the drefs, with the cloaks y for the natives, fometimes, appeared in both together. The Captain was at a lofs to guefs froni whence they • could get fuch a quantity of thefe beautiful feathers; but • he was foon informed ; for they afterwards brought great jMimbers of flcins of fmall red birds for fale, which were often tied up in bunches of twenty or more, or had a imall wooden fkewer run through their noftrils. One of the natives was obferved to .have a fmall par- cel pendant tea ftring, which looked like human elh. • The quellion being put to him, he anfwered, that it was part of a man. Another of his countrymen, who ftood by > Mm, was then afked, whether it was their cuilom to eat thole- ( m thofe killed in battle? aad he immediately anf>^ered ki the affirmative. * f At feven o'clock, the jiext morning, a breeze of wind fpringing up at North-eall, they fetfail in order .to clear the Ihore ; they then fleered for Oneeheow, to take a nearer view of it, and to anchor there if convenient : at ele^ren o'clock they were Within two leagues; but the Dif- covery not appearing^ they dropped their defign, and ra- turned to Atooi ; and,.foon after, they were joined by the Difcovery . They fetched in with the land about two leagues- to leeward of the road, which, though fo near, they never could recover ; for what they gained at one time, they loft at another : fo that, by the morning of the 29th, the cur- rents had carried them Weilward, within three leagues of Oneeheow. Some of the iflanders, who had come ofF to the (hips, informing them that frefti water might be ^ot: there, they ran^dowji, and came to an anchor before It. ^ Six or feven canoes had come off,- before thfy anchored,, bringing fome fmall pigs and potatoes, and a good many yams and mats. The people in them refembled thofe of Atooi ; and feemed to be equally Well acquainted with the ufe of iron, which they aiked for alfo by the names- of hamaite and toe ; parting readily with all their commodi- ties for pieces of this precious metal,. Many of them came readily on board, crouching down upon the deck, atid^ot quitting that humble pofture, till they were dc- fired to get up. They had brought feveral females with them, who remained along-fide m the canoes, behaving with far lefs modefty than their countiywomen (Jf Atooj. On the 3,1 11,, the matter was fent in a boat up to the South-ealV head, or point of the ifland, to try if he could land under it. He returned with a favourable report ; encouraged by this. Captain Cook went on (hore in the pinnace, taking with him a ram-goat and two ewes,, a boar and fow-pig of the Englifh breed ; and the feeds of melons, pumkins, and onions : being very defirous of benefiting thefe poor people, by furniihing them with ibme additional articles of food. To o*^* o^ them, who feemed to aflhme fome command, he gave the goats, pigs, and feeds he intended to have left th^m at Atooi, as is juft related,. wmm mmmHmmmm ^ ( •40 ) f elated. There did not appear to be above five hundred people upon the iiland. Some my fterious ceremonies were obierved ; one of which was performed by a woman, who took a fmall pig» and threw it into the furf^ till it was 4rowned, and then tied up a bundle of wood, which fhe alfo dilpofed of in the lame manner. The fame v/oman, at another time, beat with a ftick upon a man's Ihoulders, who fat down for that purpofe. A particular veneration feemed to be paid here to owls, which they have very tame j and it was oblerved to be a pretty general praftice, amOngft them, to pull oat one of their teeth §. On Monday, the id of February, they llood away to the Northward, in profecution of their voyage. This ifland fupplied both fhips with a confiderable quantity of provifions, particularly vegetables. Though this place is deftitute of the delightful viewf of Otaheite, its pofTefling a greater quantity of gently- riiingland, renders it, mfome meafure, fuperior, becaufe it is more capable of improvement. yhe vale, or mioiil ground, produces tare, of a much larger fize than any they had ever feen ; and the higher ground furniflies fweet potatoes, that often weigh ten, and lOmetimes twelve or fourteen pounds ; very few being under two or three. Befides the vegetable articles, bought as refrelhments, amongft which were, at leaft, five or Ax varieties of plan- tains, the ifland produces bread-fruit ; though it feeros to be fcarce, as they faw only one tree, which was large, and had fome fruit upon it. The icarlet birds, which were brought for fale, were never met with alive ; but they faw a finale fmall one, about the fize of a canary-bird, of a deep crimfon colour ; a large owl ; two large brown hawks, or kites ; and a wild duck ; and it is probable there are a great many forts, judging by the quantity of fine yellow, green, and very fmall, velvet-like, black ' feathers, ufed upon the cloaks, and other ornaments, worn by the inhabi- unts. .The § It is very remarkable, that. In this' ^uftom, ¥rhtcK one would think is fo unnatural, as not to be adopted by two different tribes, originally uncpnneflcd, the people of this ifland, and Dampier's na« tiv^s on th. VVeft fide ot New Holland, at futb an immtnie diflacce, ihouM be found to agree. ( HI) The inhabitants are of a middling ftatare, firmly made* Their viCzpe, efpecially amongft the women, is ibme- times round ; but others^ have it long ; nor can it. be faid, that they are dlAInguidied, as a nation, by any general caft of countenance. Their colour is nearly of a nut- brown. The women have been already mentioned, at being a little more delicate than the men, in their forma* tion. They are very expert fwimmers ; leaving their canoes upon the moft trifling occafion ; diving under them ; and fmimnving to others, though at a great difhince. It was very comiiion to fee Women, with infants at the breaft, when the furf was fo hiL^h that they could not land in the canoes, leap overboard, and, without dangering dieir little ones, fwim to the ihore^ throdgti a fea that looked dreadful. - It was a pleafure to obferve with how much aiFedtion the women managed their infants, and how readily the men lent their afliilance to fuch a tender office ; thus fuf- ficiently dilUaguifhing themfelves from thofe favaj^es^ who ejteem a wife and a child as things rather neceilSry^ than deiirable, or worthy of their notice. The children, when very youn?, go quite nakedi They wear nothing upoxx le head; but the hair, in botli {exes, is cut in different forms. The men are frequently pundured, though not in any particular part ; fometimes there are a few marks upon tlieir hands, or arms, and near the groin. Their houfes are about, without any order. Some are large and commodious, from forty to fifty feet lon7» and twenty or thirty "broad, while others of them are mere hovels. They are well thatched with long graffiti which is laid on flender poles, difpofed with fomc regu- larity. Tj)e entrance is made indifferently in the end or fide, and is an oblong hole, fo low, that one mufc rather creep than walk in. Of animal food they can be in no want, as they have abundance of hogs, which ran, without reftraint, about the houfes ; and if they eat dogs, which is not improbable, their ftock of thefe feemed to 'be very confiderable. A great number of fmall polifhed rods were obferved, about four oir five feet long, foiaewhat thicker than the ram- mer f r42 ) mer of a mufquet, with a tuft of Ion?, white dov*i hair fixed on the fmall end. Thefe are, probably, ufed in their di<' veriions. They play at bowls with pieces of about a pound weight, fhaped fomewhat like a imall cheefe, but rounded at the fides and edges, which are very nicely polifhed. In every thing manufaftured by thefe people, there ap- pears to be an uncommon degree of neatnefs and ingenuity. Their cloth is ftained of a variety of colours : one would fuppofe that they had borrowed their patterns from feme mercer's fliop, m which the moft elegant productions of China and Europe are collected. In what manner they produce their colours, there were no opportunities of learning. They fabricate a great many white mats, which are ilrong, with many red ilripes, rhombufes, and other figures interwoven on one fide ; and often pretty large. But they make others coarfer, plaui and urong, which they fpread over their floors to rfeep upon. They ftain their gourd-fiiells prettily with undulated lines, triangles, and other figures of a black colour $ in- ftances of which we faw pra£tiied at New Zealand. Theip wooden difhes and bowls, oat of which they drink their iava, are of the etooa-ttee, or cordia, as neat as if made in a turning-lathe, and perhaps better poliflied. Their fiihing-hooks are generally made of pea. fiiell ; they mv elegantly formed and beiautifuUy polifhed alfo. After Captain Cook had left the ifland, one of th« Chiefs made his appearance, and paid a vifit to Captain Clerke on board the Difcovery. He came ofi^ in a double canoe ; and, like the king of the Friendly lildnds, paid no regard to the fmall canoes that happened to lie in his way, but ran againfi, or over them^ His attendants helped him into the (hip, and placed him on the gang- way. Their care of him did. not ceafe then ; for they flood round him, holding each other by the hands; nor would they fulfer any one to come near him but Captain Clerke himfelf. He was a young man, clothed from head to foot, and accompanied by a young woman, rup<* pofed to be his wife. His name was faid to* be Tama« hano. Captain Clerke made him feme fuitable prefents ; and received from him, in return, a large bowl, fiipporte4 < H3 ) l^ two figures of men, the carving of which, both ^ to the dengn and the execution^ ihewed Tome degree of ikill. In their language they have not only adopted the foft mode of the 0^aheiteans« in avoiding har(h founds, bint the whole idiom of their language *, ufing not only thv^ fame affixes and fufHxes to their words, but the fame.mea- Hire and cadence in their fongs ; though in a manner fomewhat lefs agreeable. On the 2d of February they ftood away to the north- ward. On the 7th the wind veered to the South £aft«- This enabled them to fleer North Bail and Kail, which couri'e they continued till the 12th. They then tacked, and flood to the Northward. On the 19th the wind veered to the South Eafl, and they were then enabled again to fleer to the Eafl, inclining to the North. On the 25th, they began to meet with the rock-weed, mentioned by the writer ©f Lord Anfon's voyage, under the name of tea- leek, which the Manilla fhips generally fall in with. Now and then, a piece of wood alfo appeared. But, if they had not known that the continent of North America was not far diflant, they might, from the few figns of the vicinity of land hitherto met with^ have concluded, that there was none within fome thoiifand leagues ^f them. During the calm, on the mornine of the 2d of March, fome parts of the fea feemed covered with a kind of flime ; and fome fmall fea animals were fwimming about; the mofl confpicuous of which were of the gelatinous, or medu/a kind, almofl globular ; and another fort fmaller, that had a white, or fhining appearance, and were very numerous. Some of thefe lafl were taken up, ^d put into a glafs cup, with fome fait water, in which they appeared like fmall fcales, or bits of filver, when at refl, in a frone fituation. When they began to fwim about, which thev did, with equal eafe, upon their back« fides, or belly, they emitted the brightefl colours of the mofl precious gems, according tc iheir pofition with re- fpea to the light. On the 6th at noon, they faw two feals, and fcveral whalw i and at day-break, the next morning, the long- looked { m ) iMkid for coftft oi New Albion * was feen, extendinf CM^NiMtli Eait CO ^South' UtiA, diftant ten or twelve Ici^es. From Saturday, Mardi the 7th eo tHe 20th, thef flrecched akmg the weft coaft of North America^ com* bating contrary windi. , On the 29th they andfaored in an inlet in eighty.five fadioin« water> fb near the (hore as to reach it with ai hawier. They no ^ooiier drew near the inlet, than they found the cofl« to be inhabited ; three canoes came off to the ihio. ^ In one of thefe were two men, in another fix, ana in ^he third ten. Having come pretty near the fhips, a peribn in the laft ftood ap, and made a long harangue, invitine them to land, as they fuppofed, b/ his g^res. At uie fame time, he kept ftrewing hand* fuls of feathers towards them ; § and Tome of his com- panions threw handfuls of red duft or powder in the fame manner. The perfon who played the orator, wore the fkin of fome animal, and held, in each hand, Something which rattled as he kept (baking it. After < tiring himfelf with his repeated exhortations, of which the mips company 'did not underftand a word, he was quiet. One canoe was remarkable for a lingular head, which had a bird's eye and bill, of an enormous fize, paifittd on it ; and a peribn who was in it, who feemed to be aChiefi was no lefs remarkable for his uncommon i^pearince; having ra»ny feathere han^ng from his head, and being paimed in an extraordmary manner. H^held in his hands a carved bird of wood^ as large at a pigeon, with which he rattled as the perfon nrft- Aientioiied had done ; and was no lefs vociferous in his harangue, which was attended with fome expreffive geftures* They behaved very peaceably, but none of them ootfld oe prevailed ii]M to venture on board. They fitewed great readineis, however, to part with any thing they * This part of the Weft fide of North Americti wSs fo named by Sir Francis Drake. § The natiyes of this coaft, twelve degrees farther Soeth, alio lifought feathers as )>refents to Sir Francis Drake oa his arriTsl* See an account of hi4 voyage in Campbcirs edition of Harris, Vol* i* f « i8« ( «4S ) they hady and took whatever was oiTered them In ex- change ; l)ut were more deiirous of iron, than of an/ other of their articles of commerce. Many of the canoes followed them to their anchoring-place ; and a group of abont ten or a dozen of them remained alongfidc the Refolution moft part of the night. Thefe circumftances gave our voyaeers a reafonable ground of hope, that they (hould find this a comfort- able ilation to fupply all their wants, and to make them forget the hardftiips experienced during aconftant fuc- ceffion of adverfc winds. • :.* ■ I . o PART ^^ if«>S'j ^-rd \vdi l£r.j . f ( 1+6 ) P A R T IV. TranJaSiions amon^ the Natives of North America i Diftoverr 'j along that Coaji and the EojUrn Extre- mity of Jfia^ Northward to Icy Capt j and Return Southward to the Sandwich IJJands -^ from Marth 1778, to January 1779. THIS place afforded the (hips an excellent (helter ; on the North Weft fide they put into a ihug cove. A great many canoes, filled with the natives, were *bout the (hips all day ; and a trade commenced, which was carried on with the ftrifteft honefty on botJi fides. The articles which they offered to fale were fkins of va- rious animals, fuch as bears, wolves, foxes, deer, rac- koons, polecats, martins ; and, in particular, the fea ot- ters, which are found at the iflands Eaft of Kamtfchatka. Befides the (kins in their native fhape, they alfo brought garments made of them, and another fort of clothing made of the bark of a tree, or fome plant like hemp ; weapons, fuch as bows, arrows, and fpears ; fifh-hooks, and mfbuments of various kinds ; wooden vizors of many different monftrous figures ; a fort of woollen^ ftufF, blan- keting; bags filled with red ochre, pieces of carved ivork, beads, and feveral other little ornaments of thin brafs and iron, fhaped like a horfe-(hoe, which they hang at their nofes ; and fever;^' chiffels, or pieces of iron, Hxed to handles^ From their poffefling which metals, it was natural to infer that they had been vifited before by fome civilized nation, or had connexions with tribes on their continent, who had communication with them. But the moft extraordinary of all the articles which they brought to the (hips for fale^ were human (kulls, and hands not yet quite ftripped of the flefh, which they made the people on board plainly underiUnd they had eaten ; and, ( HI ) iiid, indeed, fome of them had evident marks that they hud been upon the fire. 1 he fame of Captain Cook's arrival brought a great con- courfe of the natives to the Ihips in the coarfe of this day. If they had any^dillrull or fear at firll, they now appeared to have laid it aiide ; for they came on board the Ihips, and mixed with the failors with the greatcll freedom. They were alio as light-fingere i as any of the inhabit rants of the other iflands, and far more dangerous ; for^ poiieliing iharp iron inlb'uments, they could cut a hook from the tackle, or any other piece of iron from a ro{)e, the inftant that our backs were turned. A large hook, weighing between twenty and thLty pounds, fjvcrai fmal- ler ones, and other articles of iron, were loA in this man- ner. And, as to the boats, they Itrippcd them of cy,iry bit of iron that was worih carrying away, thouch men were left in them as a guard. 1 hey were dex- terous encash in eifetUng their purpoies ; tor one fellow wroold contrive to ainuie the boat-keeper, at one cni of a boat, wh^le another was pulling out the iron woric at the other. ,: The obfervatory was carried on fhore, and tents pitched en tiic fide of a rock near the Reiolution. il coniiderable number of the natives vifited daily. On their hrll coming, tt^ey geaeraiiy went through a lin- gular mode of introducing themi'elves. They would pfiddleivyitli all ;h?ir ftredigth, quite round both ftiipsi; a Chief, or other principal perfon in the canoe, ftanding up wit}) a fpear, or f^me other weapon in his hand, and fpeaking, or rather hallooing, all the time. Sometimes the orator of the canoe would have his face covered with a mafk, reprefenting either a human vifage, or that of fome animal ; and, inf^ead of a weapon, would hold a rattle in his hand, a.;- before dcfcribed. After making this circuit round the fliips, they would come along- fide, and begin to trade without further ceremony. Very often, indeed, they would firft chant a fong, in which all in the canoe joined, with a very picafing har- mony . The neceffary repairs of the fhips were very numerous, and much engaged the attention of the people on board : flwny of the defedls were but juft diTcovercd. While they O 2 were ( 148 ) W«re tlms employed, the natives continued to Aipply them with proviiions, particularly with fifh. J n the evening they were vifitcd by a tribe of natives whom they had never fcen before; and who, in genera], were better looking people than thofe juft mentioned. Captain Cook prevailed ii^Ton thefe viiltcrs to go down into the cabin. They lecns ed to look with great indifterence upon the objeds that furrounded them ; fome few only feemed to be amufed. The natives evidently traded with more diflant tribes ; for it was obferved, th^t they would frequently difap- pear for four or five days at a time, and then return with frelh cargoes of &ins and curiofities, which the people on board were fo pailionately fond of, that they always came to a good market. They alfo brought a confi- derable quantity of very good animal oil, which they had referved in* bladders. In this traffic fome would attempt to cheat, by mixing water with the oil ; and, once or tv/ice, they had the addrefs to carry their impo- fition fo far, as to fill their bladders with mere water, without a fmgle drop of oil. Nothing would go down with tiiem but metal; and brafs had, by this time, fup- planted iron ; being fo eagerly fought alter, that before they left this' place, hardly a bit of it was left in the fhips, except what belonged to their neceffary inftru- ments. Whole fuits of clothes were ftripped of every buaon ; bureaus of their furniture ; and copper kettles, tin canniifters, candleHicks, and the like, all went to wreck. It was found, by traverfing a few miles weft, that ^he land under which the fhips lay, was an ifland ; and there w6re many fmailer ones lying fcattefed in the Sound on the Weil of it. Oppofite the North end of ihh ifland, vtpon the main land, the Captain obferved a village, and there he landed. The inhabitants of it were not fo polite as thofe of the other. But this cold reception leemed owing 'to one furly Chief, who would rot let him enter tireir houfes, following him wherever he went ; arxl feveral times, by exprefiive f^gni, 'uark- ing his impatience thut he fliould be gone. Same of the young women, better pleafcd than their inholpitahle Chief, dreifed themlclvco expeditioufl)- in their bell apparel. f ( '49 ) apparel, and welcomed him, by joining in aibng, which* was far from difagreeable. While the Captain was abfent, the fhips had been vifited by fome llrangers, who, by figns, made his peo- ple underftand that they had come from the South Eaft, beyond the bay. They brought feveral Ikins, garments, and other articles, which they bartered. But what was moft fingular," two filver table-fpoons were purchafed from them, which, from their peculiar fhape, were fup- pofed to be of Spanifli manufacture. One of thefe ftrangers wore them round his neck, by way of orna- ment. Next morniag, about eight o'clock, the (hips were vifited by a number of natives, ir*- twelve or fourteen cunoes. On advancing toward the Hiips, they all ftood up, and began to fmg. ' Some of their fongs, ia which the whole body joined, were in a flow, and others in quicker time ; and they accompanied their notes with the moll regular motions of their hands ; or beat- ing in concert, wijh their paddles, on the fides of the canoes; and making other very ex'prefTivege flu res. At the end of eacn fong, they remained filent a few feconds,. and then began again, fometimes pronouncing the word hooce ! forcibly, as a chorus. After entertaining the pe'iple on board with this fpecimen of their mufic, which- they lillened to with admiration, for above half an hour, they came along-fide the fliips, and bartered what they had to difpofe of. On the 26th every thin? was broupht from the fliore nuh an intention to put bo fea, but wind and tide both prevented. At four o'clock, in the afternoon, they had every fore-runner of an approaching florm : this made tile Captain hefitate a little, v/hether he fhould venture to fail, or wait till the next morning; but his anxious impatience to proceed upon the voyage, made liim de- termine to put to fea at ail events. The natives attended them till they were almoU ou\ of the Sound ; fome o-i board the Ihips, and others in their canoes. To one of tl e Chiefs who had attached him- lelf to the Captain, he prefented a ne^v broad-fword, with a brafs hilt ; the poifcllioi of which made him com- pletely happy. It is not to be doabtcd, that whoever O 3 ' comes Jk^ cdflt^l* after him tathis place, will find the 'inhabitants prepared with no inconfiderable fupply of (kius ; an arti- cle of trade which may be purchafed to great advantage. This place was honoured with the name of King George's Sound ; but it is called Nootka by the natives. The depth of water in the middle of the Sound, and Cten clofe home to fome parts of its ftiore, is from forty- feven to ninety fathoms, and perhaps more. The har- bours, and anchoring places, within its circuit, are nu- merous. ^ As the (eafon was advancing very faft, and the necef- fary repairs took up all their time, excurfions of every kind, either on the land, or by water, were never at- tempted. They muft have d greai variety of animals, though only a few racoons, martins, and fquirrels were feen 5 as the natives clothe themfelves in the fkins of bearsi foxes,, deer, and Wolves. Hogs, dogs; and goats, have not as yet found their way to this place j ijor do the natives feem to have any knowledge of the brown rats, to which, when they faw them on board the Ihips, they applied the name they give to fquirrels. The fea animals feen off the coaft, were whales, por- p6ifes, and feals. The laft of thefe feem only of the by the Kulfians, to the Ch^nefe, from %o to 100 rubles a /kin ; that \h (x%m :6l. tg aoU cachr Ss'; CeA , ^ icnees, is worn a fmall cloak of the fame fubftance, like- wift fringed at the lovver part. In fhape this refembles a round difh cover, bdng quite clofe, except in the mid- dJe, where there is a hole juft large enough to admit the head. Befides the above drefs, Vv'hich is common to both fexes, the men frequently throt^ over their other gar- ments the fkin of a bear, wolf, or fea-otter, with the hair outward, and tie it, as a cloak, near the upper part, wearing it fometimes before, and fometime:> behind.. Their drefs would by no means be inelegant, were it kept clean. But as they rub their bodies conitantly over wiih red paint, of a clayey or coarfe ochry fubllance, mixed with oil, their garments, by this means, contrail a ran- cid offenfive fmell, and a greafy naillnefs ; fo that they /make a very wretched dirty appearance. And, what is ftill worfe, their heads and their garments fwarm with vermin, which, they were frequently (een to pick oiF, and eat with great compofure. Sometimes they wear mafks, cut in wood, reprefenting human faces, the heads of eagles, and other large birds,, the heads of land and fea-animals, fuch as wolves, deer, porpoifes, and others. But, in general, thefe. reprefentations much exceed the natural fize ; and they are painted, and often ilrewed with pieces of the folia- ceous /nicii, which makes them glitter, and ferves to augment their enormous deformity. So fond are they of thefe difguifes, that Captain Cook fays he has ieen one of them put his head into a tin kettle he had got from the fhip, for want of another fort of maflc. Though there is but too much reafon, from their brinj^ing to file human Ikulls and bones, to infer that they treat their enemies with a d gree of brutal cruelty, this circumihinco rather marks a general agreement of charailer with that of almoll every tribe ol uncivilized men, in every age, and in every part of the globe, than that they are to oe reproached with any charge ot pecu- liar inhumanity. They feem to be a docile, courteous, good-natured people. When vlilplealed, they are exceedingly violent ; but they are foon pacified. Their curiolity appears, in fome meaiure, to lie dormant j for few expreifed any dcfire to mmm to fee or examine things wholly unknown to them ; and ' which, to thofe ti-L^Iy poffefled of that paflion, wouIkT have appeared aitonifhing. Even the magnitude of their ihips did not fceni to engage their notice. The Captain fays, he once faw one of them drefled in a wolf's ikin, with the head over 'his Own, and imitating that animal, by making a fquea&ih^ noife with a whilUe, which he had in his mouth. ... In trafficking, fome of them betrayed a knavilh difpo*. fition. ' But, ill general, it was otherwife. The novelty of the objeft, with them, was a fufficient motive for their endeavouring, by any indircft means, to get poflfeffion of it ; which proved, that they were rather actuated by a childifli curiofity, than by a dilhoneft difpofition. There are holes, or windows, in the fides of the hott{es> to look'Out at, but without any regularity of ihape or dif<- pofition ; and thefe have bits of mat hung before theiii-> to prevent the rain getting in. Their houfes^ in the miide, may with propriety be compared to a long £ns:lini Aable with a double range of fblls, and a broad paffage in the middle ; for the differ- ent families are only ^parated by a piece of plank. ^ Clofe to the fides, in eaoi of thefe parts, is a bench of boards, raifed five or fix inches higher than the reft of the Aoor, and covered with mats, on which the family fit and fleep. Thefe benches are commonly feven or eight feet long, and four or five broad. In the mi^le of the floor* between them, is the fire-place, which has neither hearth- nor chimney. This part appeared common to them all. Their furniture confifts only of a few chefts and boxes,, oblong pails and buckets, and a few wooden bowls. The naftinefs and ftench of their houfes are, however, at ieail equal to the qonfufion ; for, as they dry their- filh within doors, they alfo gut them there, which, with their bones and fragments thrown down at meals,, and the addition of other forts of filth> lie every wljere in heaps, and are, it fhould feem, never carried away, till it becomes troublelbme, from their fize, to walk over them.. In a word, their houfes are as filthy as hog-lHes ; every thing, in and about them, {linking of fifla, train-oil, aad' {moke.. . - . Thouglii mmmm$ ^■■p Though their J9pd, ftrUUy fpcaking, may be faid tt coniift of every thing animal or vegetable that they can procure, the quantity of the latter bears an exceeding fmall proportion to that of the former. Their greaieft reliance feems to be upon the fea» as affording fiih, maf- des, fmaller fhellr^jh^ and fea-animals. ^ Their manner of eatiBg is exaiftly confonant to the naf- tinefs of their houfes ana perfoiis ; for the troughs and platters, in which they put their food, appear never to have been waihed from the time they were firft made, and the dirty remains of a former meal are only fwept away by the fucceeding one ; for they eat die roots which they dig from the ground, without fo much as Ihal^ing off the foil that adlieres to them. Their ^yeapons are bows ajid arrows, flings, fpears, ihort truncheons of bone, and a fmall pick-axe> not un-> like the common American tcMaJba^w^, The tomahawk is a ftone, fix or eight inches long, pointed at one endji and the other end fixed ifito a handle of wood^, which re- fcmbles the head and neck of the huzo^ ^gure $ and the fioaeifi fixed in the mouth, fo as to.icprefent an enor- mouily large tongue. j ■ , They gave pretty "ftrong fHrodf that they are often en- gaged in quarrels^ from the number of human ikulls which they brought to felU Their tafte or deiign in working figures uppn their garments, correjponds with their fondnefs for carving, In every thing they make of wood. Nothing is without a kind of freeze-work,. or the figure of fpme anim^al upon it ; but the n.oft general reprefentation is that of the human face, which is often cut out upon birds, and the other monltrous figures mentioned before; and even upon their Hone and bone weapons. The imitative arts being nearly allied, no wonder that, to their ikill in working figures in their garments, and carving them in wood, they fhould add that of drawing them in colours. Captain Cook fays he has feen the whole procels of their whale-filhery painted on the caps they wear. This, though mdely executed, ferves, at leall, to fhew, that they have feme notion of a method of comme- morating and repreienting adions in a lading way. Their « ^^55 }) Theii: ^110^ ^ai-^of :ii,itople (^udune, -but, io ap- pearance, wfiJH c^lcojiiiif^ ior every ufeftrl purpofe . Even the tergellj whioh.cany twenty people or more, are formed, of one tree Many of tbem are forty feet long, feven broad, and' aJboutM^liree deep. From the middle, toward each end, they betom^ gradually narrower, the after*part, or Hern, eadirvg abruptly or perpendicularly, with a fmall knob on the top. Their paddles are fmall and light; the fliape, in fome meafure, refembling that of a large leaf, pointed at the bottom, broadeft in the middle, and gradually loling itfelf in the (haft, the whole being about five feet long. They have acquired great dexterity in managing iheTe paddles, by conilant ufe ; fof fails are no part of their art of navigation. ; They fometimes decoy animals, by covering themfelves with a &in, and running about upon all fours, which they do very nimbly, as appeared from the fpecimens of their ikill, which they exhibited before the officers, making a kind of noife or neighing at tHe fame time ; and,. on thefe occafions, the mafks, or carved heads, as well as. the real dried heads, of (he different animals, are put on. Their principal tools are the chiflel and the knife. The cliiffel is a long flat piece fitted into a handle of wood. A flone ferves for a mallet, and a piece of fifh'* ikin for a poliiher. Their language is, by no means, harfh or difagreeable, farther than proceeds from their ufing the A and h with more force, or pronouncing them with lefs foftnefs than we do. They have one found, whicli is very frequent, and not ufed by us. It k formed in a particular manner by clalhing the tongue partly againft the roof of the mouth. Jt is difficult to repi-cfent this found by any compoTition of our letters, unlefs from I/zt&i : it is ge- nerally ufed as a termination. The next moft general termination is compofed of tJ ; and many words end with « and/f, A fpecimcn or two, of each of thefe, is here ■put down: : r The fun. The moon. Dead. To throw a Hone. A human ikuU* ^ Fiih roe. Opul/xthl, Omulfxthh Kahjheetl, Koomitz, On Oii the 27th fii April boAi /thVflt^ Wte away Nortli W^ft, in i^hich dire^on they fueled the tts^fi to lie. At half ^^# one in the ftfttirnoon it oleiv a hiifricane; fothat Captain Cook judged it highly dangerous to run any longer before it^ and thefero^e- brought the ihips to. At this time, the Refolution (Jwbng a leak* It was founhe pump kept it under to their no fmall fatis- faftion. ' Onithe iSth of A|)ril, the weather began to clear up; and, being able to iee feveral leagues round, they fleered more to the Northward. iAt feven in the evening, on the ift of May, they got fight of the land, which, abounds with hills, but one confiderably out-tops the reft j this was called Mount Edgcumbe. It was wholly covered with fnow ; as were alio all the other elevated hills. At half an hour paft four in the morning, on the 3d, they faw a large inlet, -diftant fix leagues ; and the molt advanced point of the land, lying under a very high peaked mountain, which obtained the name of Mcmt Fair JVeather, The inlet was named Cro/s Sound, as be- ing firft feen on that day, fo marked in our calendar. On the 4th, they faw feveral whales, feals, and por- poifes; many gulls, and feveral flocks of birds, whidi had a black ring about the h^ad ; the tip of the tail, and upper part of the wings with a black band ; and the reA blueifh above, and white below. They alfo faw a brownilh duck, with a black or deep blue head and neck, fitting upon the water. - From the 4th to the loth, nothing very interefting oc- curred. On the loth, they found themfelves no more than three leagues from the coafl of the continent, which extended from Eaft half North, to North Weft half Weft, as far as the eye could reach. Here they faw an ifland extending from North to South, diftance about fix leagues. * On ( '57 ) On ther iitli^ they bore up for the iHand. At ten o^dock Iq thie morning. Captain Cook went in ^a boat* and landed upon it with a view of feeing what lay on the other fi^t ; but finding it farther to the hills than was expe^ed, and the way being fteep and woody, he was obliged to drop the deiign. At the foot of a tree, on an eminence not far from th^ (hore, he left a bottle with a paper in it» on which were infcribed the names of the ihips, and the date of their difcovery ; and along with it he inclofcd two filver twopenny pieces of his Majefty*s coin, of the d^te 1772. Thefe, with many others, were furnilhed him by the Rev. Dr. Kaye, (now Dean of Lincoln) and, as a mark of his efleem and regard for that gentleman, he named the iiland after him Kaye*s ljlattd» It is eleven or twelve leagues in length, in the diredion of North Bail and South Weil ; but its breadth is not above ^ league, or a league and a half* in any part pfit. At the place where they landed, a fox came from the verge of the wood, and eyed them with very little emo- tion, walking Icifurely without any figns of fear. He WIS of a reddiih-yellow colour, like fome of the Ikins we bought at Nootka, btit not of a large fize. There v/ere no marks of its ever having been inhabited. They were now threatened with a fog and a ftorm ; it was therefore neceflary to get into fome place to flop the leak, before they encountered another gale. Thefe reafons induced them to fteer for an inlet, which they had «Q (boner reached, than the weather became {q foggy that they could not fee a mile before them ; and it became ne« ceiTary to fecure the iliips in fome place, to wait (or a clearer iky. With this view, tlhey hauled dofe under % Cape, which Captain Cook now called Cape Hinchin- brooke, and anchored before a fmall cove, a little within the Cape, in eight fathoms water. When the fog difperftd, they had an opportunity of taking a view of the land near them, when they obferved feveral rocky iflands. To thefe iflands Mr. Gore was fent in a boatj in hopes oflhooting fome eatable birds; but he had hardly got to them, before about twenty natives made their appear- ance in two large canoes \ qn which he thought proper to P ■ return \ t tj8 ) -return to the flups, and they foHowed'him. They would not venture along-fide, but kept at feme diilancc, haU looing aloud, and alternately claiping and extending their arms; and, in a Ihort time, began a kind of fong ex- a^ly after the manner of thoie at Nootka. Their heads were alfo powdered with feathers. One iiian held out a white garment, which was interpreted as a fign of friend- ihip i and auother ftood up in the canoe, quite naked, for Almoil a quarter of an hour, with his arms ftretched out like a crol's, and motionlefs. The canoes were not con- ftruftedof wood, as at King George*" or Nootka Sound. The frame only, being flender laths, was of that fub- ftance ; the outfide confifting of the fkins of feals, or of fuch like animals. Though they returned their friendly iigns, they could not induce them to come along-lide. The natives who vifited them the preceding evening, . came off again in the morning, but were ft ill afraid to venture on board. At eight o'clock, the violence of the fqualls obliged the fhips to anchor in thirteen fathoms, in a bay. The night was exceedingi ibrmy. Next morning early, many of the natives came, and fbme ventured on board ; amongft them a good-looking ^ middle-aged man, who was afterwards found to be a Chief. He was clothed in a dreis of the fea- otter's ikin ; and had on his head fuch a cap as is worn by the i^ople of King George's Sound, ornamented with Iky- plue glafs beads, about the fize' of a large pea. He itemed to fet a much higher value upon thele, than upon the white glafs beads which they had on board : any iorts -of beads, nowercr, were in high eftimation with thefe people ; 'and they readily gave whatever they h.-.d, in SxCnange for them ; even their fine fea-otter fkins. But httt It is neccfTary to obferve, that they fet no more value i^pbfi thefe than upon other fkins. They could not prevail upon the Chief to truft hifli- feif beloAV the upper deck 4 nor did he and his compa- aiohs remain long on board : but while they had their company, it was neceflary to watch them narrowly, as Acy foon betrayed a thievifti difpofition. At length, ifter being about three or lour hours along-fide the Re- ioitttion, tney all left her, and went to the Difcovery ; ^ODC having beoi there btfost, e^fcept qml man, who, at this ' ( «'59 ) this time, "came 1 from her, and immediately returned^ thither in company with the rell. When this was ob- {iTVed. it was imagined that this man had met with' fometning there, whick*he knew would pleafe his coun« trymen better than vvjiat they met with at the other ihip. But this was a miilake, as will foon appear. ,/As foon as they w«rejjon<> a boat was fcnt to found the head of the bay ; for, as the wind was moderate, they had' thoughts of laying the (hipafhore, if a conve- nient place could be found where they might begin^ operations to ftop the leak. It was not long before alt' the Americans lefl the Difcovery,^ and made their way towards the boat employed as above. The officer in her feeing this, retnmed to the iliip, and was followed by all the canoes. The boat's crew h|d no (boner come; on hoard, loawing, in^her two of thelt number by wa/' of a guard, than, fom'e of the An#eri1cans ftepped into- her. Some prefeitted tli^if fpdnrs ^befbr^ the two men j others caAJoofe thcropewhichfaftehed her to the fhip;' and the reft attempted to tow )ier >way. But the in- ftant they faw the people on board pi^^paring to oppofe them> they let her go, ftepped out of- her into their ca-^ noes, and >made fi)giii> to Captaiii< Oeok'» people to lay* down their avtnaii ^pi»atiil£f a& per^s^ly unconcerned' as if they had done nothing aiAi^t This, though it^lher ar iiion' dsrhiig\iM[Cefl[i)>tv u^4 hardly eqnal to what tliey "ha^. meditated on board «heDifoovery* The' mm who. cafiie and carried^ all hi^^^auntrynieii from the, Refulution to the other (hip> had' iirft been on boards of her ; iwhe^cy after looking don- difFerence as they had given up the boat ; and they were obferved defcriblng to thofe who' had noi bcin en boaid, how much longer the knives of the ihip^s crew vyerc than their own. Jail as they were goin^; to weigh the anchor to pro- ceed farther up the bay, it beean to blow and to rain aa hard as before ; fo that wey were obliged to bear &way the cable again, and lie fail. Toward the even- ing, finding that the gale did not moderate, and that it might be fome time before an opportunity offered to Set higher up. Captain Cook came to a refolution to eel the ibip where they we>e; and, with this view, moored her with a kedge anchor and hawfer. In heaving the anchor out of the boat, one of the feamen, cither through ignorance or careleifnels, or both, was- carried over- board by the buoy-rope, and followed the Anchor to the bottom. It is remarkable, that, in this- Yiry critical fituation, he had prefence of mind to difen- gige himfelf, and come up to the4i>rface of the water, wnere he was taken^ up> with one of his legs fraAurcd in a dangerous manner. Early the next morning, they gave the fliip a|00 through this inlet, that it muH be in that direction. They were now upward of five hundred and twenty^ leagues to the Weilward of any part of Hudibn's Bay. Next morning at three o'clock, they weighed, and proceeded Southward* At two in the afternoon, the wind ve«red to the South Weft, and South Weil by Souih, which reduced them to the necefllty of plying. To the place thev had jull left, they gave the name of Prince WiUiam s Sound, Thefe : natives brought feveral pieces, and fome entire fkins dF cubs J from which their fize could not be determined. They alfo fpmid the wolverene, or guickhutch, which' had very bright colours ; a larger fort of ermine thcin' the comm^i^ one, which is, the fame as at Nootka,* varied #ith a brown colour, Pnd with fcarcely any- bliick on its tail. The number of fkins found here, points out the great plenty of thefe feveral animals juft mentioned;, but it is remarkable, that they neither faw the fkins of the moofe, nor of the common deer. They found here the white-headed eagle ; the fhag ; the alcjcn, or great king-fifher» which had very fine bright colours ; and the humming-bird, which came frequently, and flew about the fhip, while at auchor. The oniy fifli rhey got, were fome torfk and halibut,' which were chiefly brought by the natives to fell ; and' they caught a few fculpins about the fhip ; with foine purniifh itar-fifti, that had feventeen or eighteen rays. The rocks were obferved to be almoil deftituteof fhelU fifh ; and the only other animal of thi tribe leen, h^s a red crab, covered w^ith fpines of a Yiry large fizc. "" On I hurfday, May the 2iil, they fleered to the South WcH, and paflTed a lofty promontory As the P 3 dif'covery' ( i6-» ) difcovery of it was conneAed with thePrincefs Elm« beth's birth day, it was named Cape tlizabeth. They continued their courfe with little variation ; obferving many high mountains,, near the coaft, till the 30th, when they anchored in nineteen fathoms water undej; the Eaflem fhore. Next day they flood over to the Weflern; Ihore with a frefh gale at North North Eaft. This, with the othep on the oppofite fliore, con traded the channel to the breadth of foui leagues. Through this channel ran a prodigious tide. It looked frightful to them who could not tell whether the agitation of the water was occa- iioned by the ftream, or by the breaking of the waves againft rocks or fands. As they met with no fhoal, it was concluded to be the former ; but, in the end, tiiey iound themfelvcs miftaken. As they proceeded farther up, the marks of a river, difplaycd themfelves. The water was found to be frefhcr ; .infomuch that they were convinced they were in a large river, and not in a llrait, communicating "with the Northern feas. However, they weighed with the next flood in the morning of the 31ft, and plied higher up, or rather drove up with the tide; for they had but little wind. At nine o'clock they came to an anchor, in fixteeii fathoms water, about two Iciigues from the Weft fhore ; the tide was on the ebb. They faw an opening between the mountains on the Eaftern (hore, bearing Kaft iVoiii, the ftaiion of the fliips, with low land, whit h they iup. pofcd to be iflands lying between them and the main land. From thefe appearances, they were in feme doubt whciiher the inlet did not take an Eafteily direc- tion, through the above opening ; or whether that opening was only a branch of it, find the main channel continued its Northern diredion through the iow land now in fight. • The Captuin fent two boats to afcertain this matter: they returned, reporting there was no paffage. If the difcovery of tliis great river, * which promifes to vie with the moft confiderable ones already known to * Captain Cook having here left a blank which he had not filled up wittj any particular name, Lord Sa:)(Jwich d;re(fled, with the greatell j)n;prlciy, that it fhnild be crtUed Cook's JRirer. ( 1% ) tir be capahtc of extenfive inland navigation, fliould prove 01 ufc either to the prefent, or to any future age, the time they fpent in it ought to be the lefs regretted : But t© our adventurers, who had a much greater objed ia view, the delay thus occafioned was an effential lofs. They knew not how far they might have to proceed to the Sou-th ; and they were now convinced, that the continentr of North America extended farther to the Weft, than- from the modern moft reputable chr.ns they had rcafon toexpedl This made the exigence of a paifage into 11 ud- fon*s Bay leis probable ; or, at leaft, Ihewcd it ^o be of greater extent. It was a fatisfiidion, however, to rc- Se£l, that, if they had not examined this very conA-. derable inlet,, it would have been aiiij :^d, by Ipecula- tive fabricators cf geography, as. a fad, that it commu* nicated with the Tea to the North, or with Hudfon'a Bay to the Eafl. Jn. the afternoon, Mr. King was fent with two armed' boats, with orders to land on the Northern point oi the low land, on the South Eail fide of tKe river; there to difplay the flag ; to take poffeflion of the country and river, in his Majefty's name; and. to. bury in thei ground a bottle, containing fome pieces of EngUfli coin, of the year 1772, and. a paper, on which were m* fenbed the names of the fhips,, and the date of their^ difcovcry. They weighed anchor as foon as it was high water ; and, with a faint breeze Southerly, ftood over to tha Well ihore, where the return of the flood obliged them to anclior early next morning. Soon afier, feveral large, and fome fmall canoes, with natives, came off, who bartered ;heir flcins ; after which they fold their garments, till many of them were quite naked. They then went to the oppofite Ihore and anchored* A good many of the natives came off, when they were in this llation, and atiended upon them all the morning. Their company was very acceptable ; for they brought with them i large quantity of very fine faiiiion i moll c^ it was fplit ready for drying ; and feveral Jiundrcd weight of it was procured, for the two Ihips In the afternoon, the mountains, for the firft time fince ent\.rin^ the river, were clear of clouds ; and they difcovered ( i64 ) dSfcovcred a volcano in one of thofc on the Weft fide. It did not make any ftriking appearance, emitting only a white fmofce, but no fire. The wind remaining Southerly, they continued to tide it down the river. Before they left this place> fix canoes came oiFfrom the EaiVfhore ; and after looking at the fhips with furprife, fjr fome time, they began to barter, and did not go till they had parted with all their fkinsj moft of which were made up into garments, and Ibme few were old, ragged, and louiy.. One o'clock, next morning, a frefli breeze fprung up at Weft, with which, on Saturday, June 6, they got un- der- fail. - On the 7th, they paffed a large bay, which was then named Whitfuntide Bay. The land on the Eail fiae of this bay is deititute of wood, and partly free from fnow. In Handing in for the coalt, they crolled the mouth of Whitfuntide Bay, and faw land all round the bottom of it. The three following days they had almolt conftant mifty weather, with drizzling rain ; fo that they leldom had a fight of th€ coaft« I'he log clearing up, with the change of the wind to South Weft, in the evening of the 12th they had a fight of the land bearing Weft, twelve leagues diftant. They flood in for it early next morning. At noon they were not above three miles from it ; an elevated point, which obtained the name of Cape Barnabas t bore North Eail, ten miles diftant. Nothing interefting happened till the iSth; when, havii^g orcafion to lend a boat on board the Difcovery, 9ne of the peopSe in her fnot a very beautiful bird of the hawk kind. It is lomewhat lels than a duck, and of a black colour, except the tore part of the head, which is white ; and from above and behind each eye ariies an ele- gant yeilowifti white creft, revolved backward as a ram's horn. The bill and leet are red. I'hey had for iome days feen theie birds in large flocks. On the 19th). while they were underway, fbme nativei), in three or four canoes, brought a wooden cale or box en board tiic Oiicovery ; it was ope tcd, and a piece of paper was found, lolded up carefully, upon which fbmcthinv: was Wiitlen ( i6j ) written *n the Ruflian language, a? was fiippofed. The date 1778 was prefixed to it ; and, in the body of the. written note, there was a reference to the year 1776. The numerals marked fufficiently that others had pre- ceded the Englilh in \ifiting this dreary part of the globe. Captain Gierke was, at firll, of opinion, that fome RafTians had been ihipwrecked here ; and that thefe un* fortunate perfons, feeing the fhips pafs, had taken this method to inform them of their fituation. ImpreflTed with humane fentiments, on fuch an occafion, he was de- firous of itopping till they might have time to join them» No fuch idea occurred to Captain Cook ; therefore they did not make any further enquiry, but bore away to the Weltward, along the coaft, or iflands ; for it was not eafy to determme whether the nearefl land was continent, or a number of iflands. At the diftance of two miles, they faw ibme ftupendous hills, towering above the clouds, i.nd covered with fnow. The moil South-weflerly of them was difcovered to have a vo/cofiA, which continually threw up vaft columns of black fmoke. its figure is a complete cone, and the vo/ea/io h at the very fummit. In the afternoon, having three hours calm, they caught* upward of a hundred halibuts, fome of which weighed an hundred pounds. This was a very feafonable refreftiment. In the height of their fiihing, a fmall canoe, condudled by. one man, came to them. On approaching the Ihip, he took off his cap, and bowed. It was evident, that the Ruffians mull have a comniuaication and traffic with theie people, not only from their acquired politenefs» but from the note before mentioned. But here wa» now a fiefh proof of it -, for this vifiter wore a pair o£ g e;i cloth breeches, and a jacket of black cloth, or lluH'. rie had nothing to barter, except a grey fox-lkin, and fome fiihing implements or liarpoons, the heads of the fhafts of which were neatly m:ide of bone. He had with him a bladder, whicii was fuppoied to certain oil ; for he opened it, took a mouthful, and then faitened it again. 0(1 the 2 2d a fog cawe on, and no part of the main land was in fight, except the 'volcano, and iUiocher moun- tnin near it* , , , Foe C t66 y For two or three days they had very cloudy wentKep; At fix in the morning of the 24th, they got a iight of the continent^ four leagues diftant. The foggy weather con- tinued f^r feveral days* At half pail four on the 27th, they were much alarmed at the found of breakers very near. On heaving the lead they found twenty-eight fathoms water, and the next call twenty-five ; they immediately brought both fiiips to, and anchored. A few hours after, the fog having cleared a little, it appeared that they had eicaped very imminent danger. They found themfelves three quarters of a mile from the North Eall fide of an ifland, which extended from South by Weft to North by Eaft, Two elevated rocks, the one bearing South by Eaft, and the other Eaft by South, were «ibout half a league each from thzm, and about the fame diftance from each other. There were feveral; breakers about them ;, and yet Proividencc had, in the dark, conduced the ftiips through, between thefe rocks, which they would, not have ventured in a cleajr day, and to foch an anchoring-place, that they could not have ohofen a better.. On a point, which bore Weft from the ftiip, three quarters of a mile diftant, were feveral natives and their habitations. To this place they were feen to tow in two whak^s, which it was fuppoied they hiid juft killed. A hw of them, now. and tnen, came off to the ftiips, and bartered a- few trifling things ; but never remainqr^ above a quarter of an hour at a time. They behaved with a degree of politenefs uncommon to favage tribes. » On the 28th early in the morning they weighed, and fbon came to an anchor on the Southern fhore, while they lay there; , At day-break, on the 28th, they weighed, with alight bre-eze at South, which was iucceeded by variable light airs from all direftions ; but as there run a rapid tide in tiieir favour, they got through before the ebb made. They came to anchor in twenty-eight fathoms water, pretty near the Southern Ihore. Here they found the tide to run full five knots and an half in an hour. While they lay here, feveral of the natives came off, aad bartered a iew filhing implements, for tobacco. One of On the 4t1i they difcovered a pretty high iffind bear- ing Weft by North ; this they named SUJge IJland^ from a fledj^e being fbahd upon it. It Teemed to be fuch a one ais the Ruffians in Kamtfchatka make ufe of over the ice or friow. The conftrudion of it was admirable, and all' the parts neatly put together. Being convinced, after feveral obfervations from the 6th to tne 9th, that the whole was a continued coaft, they ilood away for its North Weft part, and came to an an- chor under it in feventeen fathoms water. A high ftcep rock or ifland bore Weft by South. Under this hill lies fome low land, the extreme point of which bore North £all by Eaft, about three miles diftant. This point of land was named Cape Prince of Wales ; it is the more remarkable, bv being the Weftern extre- mity of all America hitherto known. A: day-break in the morning of the loth, they re- fumed their courfe to the Weft ; and about ten o'clock they anchored in a large bay, two miles from the Ihore. As they were ftanding into this bay, they perceived en the North fhore a village^ and feme people, whom the fight of the (hips feemed to have thrown into confu- fiun, or fer.r. They could plainly fee perfons running up the country with burdens upon their backs. At thele habitations Captain Cook propofed to land ; and, accord- ingly, went with three armed boats, accompanied by ' fomc of the officers. About thirty or forty men, each armed with a fpontoon, a bow, and arrows, ftood drawn up on a riiing ground clofe by the village. As they drew near, three of them came down toward the fhore, and were fo polite as to take oiF their caps, . and to make low bows. As foon as the boats touched the lhore> they.retired. The Captain followed them alone, and by figns and geftures prevailed on them to ftop, and receive fome trifling prefents. In return they gave him two fox* fitins, and a couple of fea-horfe teeth. As the Captain advanced, they retreated backward ; always in the attitude of being ready to make ufe of their fpears ; while thofe on the rifmg ground ftood ready to fupport them with their arrows. Thofe who ftood ready with bows and arrowi in their hands, had the fpear flung over their rigJvt ^loulder by Q^ - a leathern ( 170 ) 91 leathern llrap. A leathern quiver, flung over their left ihoulder, contained arrows ; and fome of thefe qui- vers were extremely beautiful ; being made of red lea- ther, on which was very neat embroidery, and other ornaments. Several other things, and, in particular, their clo- thing, fhewed that they were poiTeffed of a degree of in. genuity, far furpalTing what one could exped to find amongft fo Northern a people. All the Americans they had feen, fince their arrival on that coaft, were rather low of llature, with round chubby faces, and high cheek bones. The people they were now amongft, ^far from refembling them, had long vifages, and were flout and well made. In Ihort, they appeared to be a quite different nation. All of them had their ears bored ; and fome had glafs beads hanging to them. Thefe were the only fixed ojnaments they faw about them ; for they wear none to the lips. This is another thing in which they differ from the Americans they had lately feen. Their clothing oonfifled of a cap, a frock, a pair of breeches, a pair of boots, and a pair of gloves, all made of leather, or of the {kins of deer, dogs, feals, &c. and extremely well dreffed ; fome with the hair or fur on; but others without it. They faw neither women nor ^.iiildren. They have a great number of dogs of the fox kind, rather large, and of different colours, with long foft hair like wool. They ate, probably, ufed m drawing their fledges in winter ; for fledges they have. It is alfo not improbable, that dogs may conflitute a part of their food. Several lay dead that had been killed that mojning. I After a very fliort flay with thefe people, th-y re- turned to their fhips ; and foon after they weighed an- chor, and flood out of the bay. In a few hours their pofition was nearly in t^ e middle of the channel be- tween the two coafts, eaci being feven leagues diftant. From this ftation they fleered Eafl, in order to get nearer the American coaft. C n Monday the 7th, before noon, they perceived a brightnefs in the Northern horizon, like that refieded from ( «7« ) from ICC. ft was little noticed, from a fuppofition that it was improbable they Diould meet with any fo loon. About an hour after, the fight of a large field of ice, left them no longer in doubt about the canfe of the brightnefs of the horizon. At half paft two, they tacked, clofe to the edge of the ice, in twenty-two fa- thoms water, not being able to itand on any farther ; for it was totally impenetrable, and extended from Weft by South, to Eait by North, as far as the eye could reach. Here were abundance of fea-horfes ; fome in the water, bat far more upoa the ice. . On the 1 8th, at noon, they were near five leagues far- ther to the Eaftward. They were, at this time, clofe to the edge of the ice, which was as compact as a wall ; and Teemed to be ten or twelve feet high at leaft. But, farther North, it appeared much higher. Its furface was extremely rugged j and, here and there, they faw ttpon it pools of water. They now ftood to the Southward ; at this time they faw land extending from South to South Eafl by Eaft, about three or four miles diitant. The Eaftern extreme forms a point, which was much incumbered with ice ; for which reafon it obtained- tiie name of Icy Cape7 The other extreme of the land was loft in the horizon ; fo that there can be no doubt of its being a continuation of the American continent. Their fituation was now more and more critical. They were in Ihoal water, upon a lee-fliore ; and the main body of the ice to windward, driving down upon them. It was evident, that if they remained much longer be* tween it and the land, it would force them on Ihore ; un"* lefs it ftiould happen to take the ground before them. Captain Cook, thus fituated, had no time to lofe ; he made the iignal for the Difcovery to tack, and tacked himfelf at the fame time. The 19th, on the ice lay a prodigious number of fea- horfes ; and as they were in want of freih provifions, the boats from each fbip were fcnt to get fome. By feven o'clock in the evening, they had received, 01 board the Refolution, nine of thefe animals ; which, till now, were fuppofed to be fea-cows ; fo that they were not a little difappointed, cipecially fome of the Q^i feamen. ( 17* > l«ainen>who, lor the novelty of the thing, hacfbeen feafiin| their eyes for fome days paft. Nor would they have been difappointed. now, nor have known the difference, if they had not happened to have one or two on board, who had been in Greenland, and declared what animals ihefc were, an.d that no one ever eat of them. But, fiotwith^anding this, they lived upon them as long as they lalled ; and there were few on board who did noft prefer them to fait meat. The fet, at firll, is as fweet as marrow ; but in a few days it grows rancid, unlefs it be faked ; in which ftate, it will keep much longer. The lean llelh is coarfe, |)lack, and has rather a ftrong tafte ; and the heart is nearly as well tailed as that of a bullock. They lie, in herds of many hundreds, upon the ice j iiuddling one over the other like fwine ; and roar or >i3|ray very loud ; fo that, in the sight, or in foggy wea- ther, they gave notice of the vicinity of the ice, before it could be feen. They never found the whole herd afleep ; fome being always upon the watch, I'hefe, on the approach of the boat, would wake thofe next to fhem; and the alarm being thus gradually commu- nicated, the whole herd would be awake prcfently. But they were ieldom in a hurry to cet away, til! after they jiad been once hred at. Thea they would tumble one over the other into the fea„ in the utmolb confufion. They 4id not appear to be that dangerous animal fome authors tave defcribed ; not even when attacked. They are ra- ther more fo to appearance, than in reality. The £i?male will defend the young one to the very laft ; nor will the young one quit the dam., though (he be dead ; fo that, if you kill onc> you arc fure of the other. The dam, when in the water, holdfi the young one between ^er fore-iins. The dimeniions and weight ef one, which was none of the largeil, were as foilow i Feet Inches. Length from the fnout to the tail * - 9 4 ^Circumference of the body at the Ihoulder 7 10 Circumference near the hind fins - 5 ^ , Wciglu ( '73 ) lb. Weight of the carcafe, without the 7 g . head, fkin, or entrails - ) -^ Head 4' t 1 Skin - . ^ - - 20S By the time that we had got our fea-horfes on board, wc were, in a manner, furrounded with the ice; and had no way left to clear it, but by Handing to the Southward, which was done till three o'clock next morning. They combated the ice from the 19th to the 27th, in which time they killed a great number of fea-horfes. The number of thefe animals, on all the ice that they had feen, is almoll incredible. By this time the failora began to relifh them. On the 29th, the weather, which had been hazy, cleared up ; efpecially to the Southward, Weftward, and Northward. This enabled them to have a pretty good view of the Afiatic coafl ; which, in every refped, is like the oppofite one of America : that is, low land r.cxt the fea, with elevated land farther baclc. The feafon was now fo far advanced, and the time when the froil is expe£led to fet in, fo near at hand, that Captain Cook did not think it confiftent with prudence to make any farther attempts to find a pafTageinto the Atlantic this year ; fo little was the profpeft of fucced- ing. Bis attention was now diredled tov/ard finding out fome place where they might ftipply themfelves with wood and water ; and the objeft* tippermoft was, how they (liould fpend the winter, fo ^s to make fome im- provements in geography and navigation, and, at the fame time, be in a conditic^n to return to the North, in firther fearch of a paflage, the er^fuing fummer. At day-break, on the 30th, they made fail, and fteered fucji a courfe as would bring them moft proba- bly in with the land ; for the weather was as thick as ever, and it fnowcd inceflantly. At ten, they got light of the coalt, bearing South Weil:, four miles dillant. Wcdnefday, September 2, they had fair weather and funHune ; and as they ranged along the coaft, at the illllance of four miles, they law feveral of the inhabi- , t»'uU6, and fome of their habitations, which looked like CL3 little ^, «, >^^^, ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /> f^. ^/ ^ A^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 bills U lift lu li£ |2j2 2.0 0> ^ p^^ *-^^. ff: ■V / rac ^> '^. ^\ ^ Sciences Cdrporation 33 WEST MAIN STRUT WnSTM.N.Y. MStO (7l6)t72-4S03 ^ ^ ^^^^; ^^^ ^. mm lP^"^"""«i ( »74 ) iittle. hIt|ock»> of eartk. None o£ them, liowevtr/ v., eoy^ted to fppijEfe 6^. ' ^The. M6i^ tlv^y were co^ being now upon the cbilft'oir Afia«, the moce they weceat a Tdfs t» reconcile Mr. StaehUn's. map of the New Novthem Archipelago with ^e^r pbr to feek ¥^!>(^ '^d water. ^ $everal peoflewete feen, and one man came off in # fmall canoe. The Capiain gave him a kaife, and ai few bieadf ^ with which he feemed weU pleafed. Hay- ui^ ma^e iigns to him to bring them ibmething to eat,^ lie immediately left theni» and paddled toward the jSipre : ..but, meeting another man coming off, who ^ti|^pened ;p have two dried falmon, he got them from ^im ; and on retarning to the fliip> would give them ip nobody but the per^n who had given him (he knife and the beads. Others of the natives, foon after, came off, a^d exchanged a few dry ftlhy Ibr ftrh trifles as they co4d get. They were moft defif 00s of knives;; and they had po- diilike to tobacro* \^^.n * -* r After dimier; Uedtcnant Gore ^w'fJtit^^ 1^^^ wood and water were there to be got ; or rather wateFf Ibr the whole beach round the bay feemcd to be coo vered wkb dfift-vwod. Aboot ei^ht o*clo<;k, ,^i^- s^rned, with the launch laden with wopd.-'/ v Next day, a hmily ef the natives tame near to th# place where they w«r, and that was all ; forlEpp; was the mioft deformed cnppte «ver 'feeii or heard of* Iron was rheir beloved article. For foor knivesy wbic)i were madr oat ^ an- old ironi hoop> diey got from themt nvas ibiur iMindred ponnds weight of Aih, wKielk' i^y had caught on this or the preceding day. ^oipic were tfont, and the reft were, m iize aira tafte, '^kf^i^,- what between* a muUet and a herring.. . They gave t)i^ child* who wa« a girl, 41 &w Jbeads ;: on which th^ mother burft into team> then the father, then the crip'> pie, and, at laft,: to complete the cdncert, the igirl her- {elf. Befo.WRighti they had got the fiiips amply fup- plied ^witli wood i and had caiaricd. on board above ^ twelve tont oi. water to eacht On the 4tfa> a. party of raenrwere fent on^ fliore to* cat brooroe* which were wanted, and the branches of %>race-ti>ee8 Dpr brewing beer. At day-break, on the- 16th, ninemen^ eachin his ca- noe* paid thenu a vifkw. They approached the ihip witbi feme caution r and evidently came with no other vieW^ than to gcati/^ their coHofity;. They gave them, a ibng ;; while one of their number beat upon a Icind of drum, andi. another made; a thoufand antic motions with his hands, and body. There waa,^ howfver, nothing favage; eitfa^ in the fong, or in the geftures that accompanied it. The dwellings of tl^fe people were feated dofe ^ th$^- beach. They conM fimplv of a floping* roof, withont. any fi4c-walb, compofed of logs, and covered with grafs- and earth. The floor is alto laid with,lo|rs; the en- trance is a;^ one end; the fire-place juft wiiSin it; ahd a fmallh^' ia^made near the dior to let out the fmoke. Theiij^llMri was* ia honmrof Sir Fletcher Norton *, Speaker of the Houfe of Coomottsi (Mn KihgV fi^ar i#- Jfia^^} named Norton* s Sound, ^. . It ^ Htvn Lord Grtuulty* mm mm mmmm^f^^^'^'^'^^ ( i7« ) - It watnow high time to think of leaving thefe Nofth- ifA> regions, and to retire to fome place duririg the wiiiter, wdiere they might procure fome refrefliments for thfe pec- ^Ic^ and a fmall fupply of proviiions. No place was fo conveniently within their reach> where thev could expeft to have their wants relieved, as the Sandwich iflands^ to them therefore they proceeded. • They weighed on the 1 7th of September, and fleered South. On the 15th the Reiblution fprung a leak, under the fUrboard buttock, which £lled the fpirit-room with water, before it^as difcovered.; and it ^as fo confiderable as to Jceep one pump confhtntly employed; They durfl not pat ^ the fhip upon the other tack, for fear of getting upon ^.ihoals ; but continued ilanding to the Wefl, till fix in the evening of the 26th, wheii they wore and Aood to the Uz^ard.i.'md then the leak no longer troubled them. Tl>is prove^^ti^at it was above the water>line ; which was ao^finall fatisfa^ion^ ..f At' one o'clock in the afternoon of the 3d of Gftober, tiiey anchored inSamganoodha Harbour; and the next morning the carpenters of both (hips were fet to work to sip off the fheathing of and under the wale, on the llar- . board' fide abaft- Many, of the feams were found quite open, fo that it was no wonder that fb much water hsd . £3und its )yay Into* the fhip. Thei'e were great quantities of berries found afhore. In order to avail themfelves as much as pofTible'of this ufeful refrefhment, one-third of the people, by turns^ had leave to go and pick them. If th6re were any feeds of the fcurvy, in either fhip, thefe" berries, and the ufc of fpruce beer, which they had to drink every other day, cfieilually eradicated them. : A bcfat was fent out every morning, and feldom return- ed without eight or ten halibut; which was more than Xi^cieht to fcrve all the people. The halibut were ex- . cellent, and there were lew who did not prefer them to falmon. Thus tliey not only procured a fupply of fifh for prefent confumption, but had foiiie to carry to fea^ They caught one halibut that weighed two hundred and'£fty .founds weight*. . f rt7 ) Chi ihtf M> CaptibinC^ook received by> the bands of an Oonaiaihka maa^ named DeifFamottAJca, avery fingukilf yrefent* confidering the place. It was a tyt loaf, or riK ther a pye made in the form, of a loaf, for it inclofed ^me fatmoDi lliehly feafbned wi^ pcpt>er. This man had tfaeUke prefent for Captain Gierke, and a note fee each of them, written in a.chara£ler which none of theift could read. It was natural to fappoTe, that t^iis prefenit was from fome Radians now in the neighhourhooa ; and therefore th^y font, by th^ fame hand, to tiiefe imknown^ friends, a few bottles of rum, wine, and porter ; which they thought would be as acceptable as any thing they! had befid^ ; and they fooh knew, that in mis they had^ not been nuftaken^ The Captain aUb fent with Derra:^ me Qika, Corporal Lddiard ef the martne5, aft int^lE*^ gent man, in order to gain fome farther informatioi^p itatkordATti that if lie met with any Rniltane, htf ftMdft endeHvonrcamake them underftandi that the^ were fiaigU lUh, the friends and allies of their nation. - ; ^i. Oft tiie loth,. Lediard returned with: tfii«(r Rsfia^ foamin, or farriers; who, with fome others, refided aft Egoodifhac, where ^^y had a dwell2n|^^hottfo, fome Hov^ hmifes, and a Ifoop of about thirty toB^bncthat. ^oe^ dliele mM Wis either Iffafter or Mate of this veffel ; a^ other of them wrote a very good hand,, and imdecftobd figures : and they were all three well behaved,, intelKgent neii, and very ready to give all the information in tneil; ^o«rer» But, for want of an interpreter, they hadfoiit diiHculty to underftand each other. ,r '. They are engaged iii the far-trade^ whkh is now ej^ tended £aAward. On the 14th, in the evening, white h^. Webber and Captain COok were at a village at a fmall difhrncr fnni Samganoodha, a Rufiianr landed there, who was the prin- cipal perfon amoRgft his countrymen in. thiS' and the aeighbouring inlands.. His name, was" Erafim Gregof!k)ff Sin IfmyloffT • Be arnivei in a canoe carrying threrpci^ fens, attended by twenty or thirty other canoer, eikch fiondufted by One man. The fint thing they (Kd, after hnding» was to make a fmadl tent for XTmyloflT, of mate- filals which they brought with them ; and then iSbxf itade others fortftemfelves^ Ifmyloffhaving invited them into iM c m ) €kk the till, CapMin Cook received hy^ the ksaaii of an Oonaiafiika maa^ named Dex^ramouAcIca, a very fingukf fteCent, confidering the place. It was a lye loftf, or ra- ther a p/e made in the form, of a loaf^ ht it tnclofed ^me falmoiii kiehly feafbned wi^ pepjper. This man had theUke prewiit for Captain Clerke, and a noto fee each of them, written in a.chara£ier which none of then^ could read* It was natural to fappoTe, that this prefenSC Vf^as from fome Rullians now in the neighhourhooa ; and therefore th^y fent^ by thfe fame hand, to tiiefe imknewn^ iiriends, a few bottles of rum, wine, and porter ; which they thought would be as acceptable as any thing th^ had befides ; and they fooh knew, that in this they ha4^ not been miAaken. The Captain alfo fent with Vtnm* me^kka. Corporal Lddiard of the marines, aa int^ldc- gent man, in order to gain fome fart^CT informatiet^p^ liathorderti that if he met with any Rofltane, hcf ftitfi ende^voortamake them underftand, that they were fiiig'- lifli, the friends and allies of their nation. Oft the loth,. Lediard returned with ffii«e^Rn§ta^ foamin, or foriWs; who, mth fome others, refided aft Egooehifkac, where they had a dwellinnN^houfe, fome Adre^ hmifes, and a Ifoop of about thirty ton^hiud&eit. Sefe^ Sefo m#if wtseinitrMafter or Mateof ^9 veflfel ; sn^ other of them wrote a very good hand,, and imderflobd Agures I and they were all three well behaved^ intefKjent men, and very ready ta give all the information in tneii powQf^ But, for want of an interpreter, they hadfoait diiHculty to underftand each other. ^ -^ '. They are engaged in the for-trade^ whkh is new ei^ tended £aflwacd. On the 14th, in the evening, while Mr. Webber and Captain COok were at a village' at a fmall diftancr froii Samganoodha, a Ruffian: landed there, who was the prin- cipal perfon amongft his countrymen in this* mid the: Beighbourlne iflands* His name, was-' ErafimGregofioff Sin IfmyloC < He arrived in a canoe carrying thrir|Mi^ ions, attended by twenty or thirty odier Canoef, eitch fiondudted by One man. The firrt thing they did, after Ending, was to make a fraall tent for IfmyloC of mate- rials which they brought with them; and then they «iade others for tiiem{elve&^ Ifmyloffhaving invited them into mmm mmmmmi^i^^ mim ( *78 ) into ills tent, fet before tlicm fame dried falmcn and ber* lies* which was the beft cheer he had. He appeared to be a fenfible intelligent man. Captain Cook and he cen- vejrfed by iigAs- and figures*^ ■;i- From what they could gather from him and his coun* trymen, the -Huifians have made feveral attempts to get ,a footing upon that part of the continent^ that lies conti. ^uous to OonalaJhka and the adjoining iflands, but hav« always been repulfed by the natives. ' He would fain have nude the Captain a prefent of i fea-otter ikin, which ^ he faid, v/as worth eighty roubles at Kgmtfchatka ; however, he thought proper to deline it, bnt accepted of fome dxied fifh, and feveral baiketsof the .lily, or faranne root, which grows at Kamtfchatka. la thf} ^afternoon Mr. IfmvlofF, after dining with Captain \C)ijR^e, leit them, with all his retinue, psomliing tc) re- tqcA in a f<:w days. Accoitdingly, on the i9th> he maik .them another vifit. He remained with them |ill the 21ft, in the evening, yvhca he took his final leave. To his care Captain Cook intrufled a letter to the Lords Commiffioners of the^Ad« - lilirAltyi in whK'h was inclofed a chart of all the Nordiem cpafia'theyiiaidvifiled. Mr.IimyloCfeemedtohave-abir litiesthat might entitle hlnl to i| higher flation In life, than tjiiit in- which he was foihid* ' After they became acquainted with thefe Ruffians, fomo of the gentlemen, at different times, vifited their fettle- %^llt on the ifland ; where they always met with a hearty welcome. This fettlement confiited of a dwelling-hoofe, |ind two flore-houfes. And, beiides the Ruffians, there was a number of Kamtfchadales, and of the natives^ as fervants, or flaves to- the former. Some others of the natives, who feemed independent of the Ruffians^ lived at the fame place. Such of them as belonged to the Ruffians were all males ; and they are takra, or, perhaps j purohafed from their parents when young. Thercwere, px tbU titne, about twenty of thefe, who could be looked mipi^ in no other light than as children. They all live in the fame houfe ; the Ruffians at the upper end, the ^ Kamtfchadales in the middle, and the natives at the lower fnd|,where is fixed a large boiler for prepariiig their li^iod, which conMs chiefiy of what the fea proouf^tw ( »7? J ^ith the addition of wild roots and berne^. There i« little diiference between the firft and laft table, beiides what is produced by cooli^ery, in which the Ruffians have the art of making indifferent things palatable. Captain Cook fays he has eat whale's flefli of their dreffing, which was thought very good; and they made a kind of pan- pudding of falmon-roe, beaten up fine, and fried, that is no \i2i6Juccedaneum for bread* They may, now and then, . taile real bread, or have a diih in which flour is an in« gredient ; but this can only be an occafional luxury. Except the juice of berries, which they iip at their meals, they have no other liquor befides pore water ; and it feems to be very happy for them that they have nothing ftronger. . ;, There are Ruffians fettled upon all the principal iflands between Oonalaihka and Kamtichatka, rar the fole pur« pofe of collecting fiirs. Their great objedt is .the fea- beaver, or otter. The natives, to all appearance, are a peaceable iooffenfive people ; and as to honeHy, they might ferve as a pattern to the moft civilized nation upon earth. Thefe people are rather low in ft'ature, but plump and well ihapcd ; ;vith rather ihort necks, fwarth^* chubby face ; black eyes; fmall beards ; and long, ilraight, black hair; which the men wear loofe be- hind, and cut before, but the women tie up in a bunch. Both fexes wear the fame in faOiion ; the only dif-^ fqrence is in the materials. The women's frock is made of feal ikin ; and that of the men, of the ikins of birds ; both reaching below the knee. This is the whole drefs of the women. But, over the frock, the men wear another made of gut, which refifts water; and has a hood to it, which draws over the head. Their food confitts of fifh, fea -animals, birds, roots, and berries. They eat almoft every thing raw. Boil-- ing and broiling were the only methods of cookery ; that they were feen to make ufe of; and .thelfirft wat probably learnt from the Ruffians, Captain Cook was once prefent when the Chkf oT. Oonalaflika made his dinner of the raw he^ ^>f a ^trge Jiattb«t» joft cHught, - Be^e amy wai given to the ^m \ Miy etktr dffdfifigi btfidm-fquiiBdiif diif tlie Aime* 71lucfeMi«» •!!• or di««ir c«t off thrlietd^^of thefift, te#k|e«D ihete midivttihedit) tlieit ca^ke with it, and fit di)wa iff the Chief, firft polltfif^ «p ibme grafs, upon » pari of which the head was laid, and the reft ll^ed before the Chief. He then cot lampiecet 9ff the cheeks, and laid thefe within the reach of the great man, who fwallowed them with as much fatis- fa^lon a9 the Eiiropeans do raw o^fters. When he h»d dope, the remains of the head were cut in pieces, and .^ven to the attendants, who tore off* the meat vtith their teeth, and gnawed the bones like fo many dqgs, , ' Aa tWe people uie no paint, they are not fo dirty |n their p^;^ns as thf faraees who> thus befmear them* lelyesi Mit are foil asloiiiyand filthvin their hotdes. Their method of buildiiig is as ^follows: They dig, III the ground, an oblone fquare pit, the length d' which feldom exceeds fifty feet, and the breadth twenty; but m ^emeral the dimeafions are finaller. Over this cxcaxration they ftdm the loof of wood which the fea throws aihore* This roof is ^covered firft with gr^fs, and then with earth; fo that the outward appear* anpe is like a don^hiU. In the middle of the roof, to- wtird each end, is left a fqoaneopemng, by whicbthe light is admitted ; one of thefe openings being for this purpole only, and the other being alfo ufod to gp in and oat by, with the hdp of a ladder, or rather a poli, with fleps cut in it. « In tome houfos there is another tntranoe below; but this is not coaunon* Round the fidas and eaijjs of the huts, the families (forforerail are:]jQd|ed'to* .gather) have their feparate apaftOKnts^ whese'th^ilcep^ and fit at work; not ujxm benches, but in a -kind of OOQcave trench, which is d^g all roniid.'Chrtafide'of dii Jboufe, and covered with matt ; fo^ thai^liiis partis ke^ toleri^ly decent. But the middle of thehoufe, which ti mammon to all the AumU^s, b f»r ^itewifotr ^» al« I it is covered witkchy grafii it b i cee^Qtfle for 'ereiy^kiiidr and the plaee €cit the >vmmtm irvjtottifihokir fnruitiire<^eQnfiit of^lMmb, L< k fst %1t4flkMiltmeioi^l^. Airiiidbtirteittlr«e?iittciitlf «uul^, lAd iRt^l Mnedi aid i^ ids^lfli^ (i^^ h«ve no Wfit^ ^g it imd: a crooked wMden haildle;' , < r^ ' Tky atake «Uts^alld liafltet^ o^ ghtfs; tklt^rte bdtk beautiM aitd ftrong. Indeea; tliere k i ft^*ilbi^ ind ^rfa^oti in^fnoft f about eigkt^n Irises lH ksii|tk/ «|ilher I^siiM^ are fodhd here; fuch ai^whales, ^ttak^imii^^liM fiword^ilfli, halUiat, CGidy ihtfli6n, ti^it> ^«iiL; juitrmR & ievendodmr ihrts of fma)liifli. . Sea4Kilfiiip^ in^iii»d» iu pi«i£|d&«i iiinkben about ilieii»i nH M'ki^^itx^ ' it is iopsftd^is BO'M^irtt Ite^ batm^ fta. 1^ A vctrybMiitW hlf^lf^ ll^inliie Wi^bdaat I^^ Seoul }^««R^ OripdiK tk^Sli^ "^^ fiwnd iirl(nt^a[^ ^isl l^mh by the sum' tiiefc ^' \ ■ "■ . ^^3^ R and S £• I ^^H.«UI I < «l* ) ^^MMmmM ¥9«»fe5|»« ?^^ of 9^bef, the; put to lea from Samg uioddna harbtiur ; and at toe wind mSp»^?te.yftpP^ W?X to the Wcftward. ]^ -^ ^ < > ^^TJi<5ir i^t^h^ .viM ijoyj^ to prrtcccd^to th««a«A^ch I^SLui^ tlieirQ .to ^end ii few of th^ winter mont1»/ \ti ^ii^. ^jr t^uli^iieet lyith the ncceffary refrefhnients, IHii.th^n to .wf ^^ tlieir cpur^ Kamtfchatka, fo as to t^^yqv^r to ^e ^j^e j^y the middle of May the enfuin^ |5n|^cr..;ff _ ',^^,^^,.'"..,^. • fij.p^Ii|9fiday'in«.«4 of November, the wind Veered to tfeJ^H^WPf*^ » and;^ before night, blew a violent ftorm, pttch, .ob"gc were ahfwered ; but without knowing Ofai^nat <>iccai^n ^ey were fired. , !- 1^ t^c ^ernoon of the 7th, Captain Gierke came on poaf!^ and informed tb<^m of a mel^nchdy accident that happened on J^pai^d 1)18 JQ^p, the fecond night after they ^^i»i|igan(»(dliar Tl^e m^^^^ gavt way, killed hn^fnaQi^^nd wpuiidc4 1^^ boatiwiiuj^ and two or three inpre.V lo ji^dition to thi> misfortune, on the evening of lie^tluri^ hisfaild and rigging received confiderable ^tge ; the guns which had been fired^ were fignal's to iirtng^to* \.. .. •'\^;' Jpn t^e 26thr early in the morning, land was feen ex^ ll^lK&Og firom' Soutji Sputh Eaft to Wk^i from this it was e^^dent i^a^ the Sandwich lil^nds, were but itnpetk&y ^feoyered. ^ '"' ' '' \'.,/''^'' \'''^ "'^'^ I". About noon* fotne canoea ca|oe piF froih the Jhofe. TieV Wre iftmnd to be of the fame nation M^th th^ ^If^iUnts of the iflands more to leeward ; it wai^ pretty il^rifent tHey knew o^ their having^,b«dl there/ - They got hm their viHters a ^uatttity of diftjip-fiih, *^i^Krattii' ifieciei of iron.' TheylAtmght veryHttfc iik&'tixh ; but tsM ihkf ha4 plenty. of jj^e|iu# iOMd^M KlA) hogs and ibMds.];jipi^ti« mormi^R^ $4miAbkd^tim ; but aibont i^opn they^*ft4||ic fi<^ " df^foddmatijr* Who hrwght^witl^,tii/tm bfead-trui % incUiied to fttch more« the Ihips left them* On ll^ :V J9lb ^ !Nbvem)^r it^v Mwttxii another iflan^* ciilicd o^hlie^ : ,:', • ' ■•■■'■■;'• •'" ',•'-- --^ . iSUifland emended the next m6tiiirt)gff6k South Rkll to iSG^th Weil. Finding they could fetch it, diey ftobd % it, ai^d at feven in the evening were clofe up with tnd North Ade of it. In the morning of the 2d, theyw^ere ^irprifed ^to fee the fummits pi the mountains'cxr Owh^f^ nee covered with fnow. As they drew near th^ fliora;; fome of the natives came off. They were a little fhy ai firl^f but they \^ere fobn enticed on board'^;' ahd at fail prevails) upon to return to the ifland^ andj^Httg Offwhat was wanted. Soon after thefe reached the more; thi fhips had company enough; and few cdming emptV* handed, they got a tolerable fupply of fmall pigs, ifiut* and rqots. They continued traoUng" with them till fix ii| the evQR^ngj when they made ihil, aiid .fiood O0i, with | ^ewiof plying to windward round the ifland. '^'-f'i Qayine procured a quantity o^fugar cane, and fihdm a ftro^ de€(^£tion of itjprodu^ed a* very palati^lebeie'^ Captain Cook ordered tome mpre to Be brewifd fot^'^iei neralttfe. But when the caflc was breached, not imi the crew would even fo much as tafte It. Tht of continued to make ufe of it, whenever they coiild materials forj^rewin^ it« A few hops, of which -j^er« yuptfn k(p^(^ Oil bc^d, improved it much. It has the;^|^ of new malt beer, -and is no doubt very whole^me. ^^i^ the incqniiderate creyv alledged, that it was injurious t6 their health. Upon this fubje^ Captain Cddkiii^i^^ ** Every innovatioii whatever on boarfl n Q^t ii though ever fo mMcb to the advantage of (^kjo^n^ IS fuf^i to imeet' ^\th their higheft difa^|^r^^ii|] Botiij^>rtabf])t^ibpp, and four krout, v^mp^M^ condeiAii^ aa ftii^ trnftt for human bf iiy^ ; 1^%^ tonwfiia^^^ havelntrodnced into th^ir£^#|i9i$ |lOvett!i|^, as ufeful v^arietiet of food and ^^yk^ ThaV^dpin'e.' Indeed, few commaiidera have ^^tlbe faibe opj^oriiinitiesr df trytn| iye!i'ixperi|> t^t .ft ^$0a thia Ifhod, a Aort tlmv aftch at appetrs by the aanii liHb Cook loft his lif«. m 4:5 mr lpiv> •., .jjj;y^{>wiWtii)p. vai-id»8 ttttl^ deviiWb'iftTjrom cfta- #llW^i«W»^^^h^^^ *We tQ prefervc PhT^P^W^ gfwcrally fpeakiDgy ff/c»m that drc^'dfu^ ti)e fcuirvy^ whtckha»> Pf irluips, defiroyej mere «£ ouv; fHhrSy im thtir pcaceifui . voyages,, thaft iii^e foUoJuby.tkc enemy^in thcif military ^xpedi^ ^'^tllef Isepe It ibmc diftance from the cdail, tiU the fn leagues latthcr tp. wiiuhMiltd thibt they had as yet reached* «'^>|MrtheKftel!iif)on-of the 20th„ Htme of the natives came ^m ih thdr canoes^ bringing v/ith thett. « few pigs and ^fliBtadiiis^ They continwsd 'trading with the^ people till «vAr^^ 4he afternoon ; when» hpcvihg got a pretQt good imAvi they ande hU, and ilxetch^*<^ to the Nordw ^^ 'The behaviour of theie people was qmte free from '^ttfptve, mere (b thaithad been before-experienced in any Wthe other iflaniifa. It was very common for them to ifehdnp into the (hip the feveral articles they brought off 1^ barter ; afterward, they would come in themfelves,, ^aad^nrahe their bargains on the quarter-deck. The peo« ^!e ^"Otaheites even afler thmr repeated vifits^ did not we til'pttt fi> liineh confidence in them. ^J At f^ in the afternoon, aUsrpor^iafing eveij^ thing thit Hdu^ diltfves h«d bioug^t-ofli tiioy^ made fail, and ^ftctdied to the North, with the wind at Eaft North Eafl. :M & in' tiie evening, the Souther^imoil extreme of the iiatti boteSoath Weft, the ncsareft:ihi>ie feven or ei^t im% (wmt ; fb that thev had^mnv^liiceetded in getting p the windiyvrd of the Um^i whiph th^ had aimedat fl^ fo idncp^ pexfmwrance» .^ , Befi;ce day-^reak, tha atmosphere was again los^ded unili $eai^ ddnds y and the new year was ufliered ia ' ^1^ very nard rain, which continued at intervals, t^ ift ten Q^dock. They lay-tQ» tradiifg with the inhabir Ir6r, till^Uiivc a'dbckfin the aftemdoS't i^hen havinga laa^e ftt^pp^they made fkli. ^ ^^ --^- '-^^ '" The three following days wett ftcnt in tiuii)^.?^^^ ^litSoathEaft fiicitf meittaBd» ' ?'^^ *'^ ' ^^ ■ •« 'T^ ^% women, It was not p6i9ibl« b keep tlie DitteFfitnMk coming on botrd; and no women could well be left^re^ fetved. Indeed, it appeared, that they came with no other view^ than to make a furrender of their pcfibns^ iFhik- part of the country, from its appearance, did nbtie^i^ capable of afibrding any vecetafales. Marks of its having, been laid wafte by the exp^fioit of a, Wriuro) eyeiy ji^re prefented tbemielves : the devaftation. that it JuMl vpiaif^ ^1 thiarneighbourhoodj was vi^le to the nafcedfyf.\ . r ' The next ihoraing, being near the (hore» M^^S^hp. the Maiter, was fent in a boat to tgund the coajll; %^ his return, he. reported, that, at two cabjies lengt^^ jrpoi the ihOre, he had fiMin4 no foundings witH a li|ie of c^ hundred and fixty fytJaoififi. The l^icpvery, t^ifm i^jf^ they had been feparated above feven mgnts beforei, ijofr joined them ; a drcumftance which gave, great ple^wrft on both fides. Captain Gierke, then coming on boards tttfimned them that he had cruifed fbor or five days whw thev were, feparated, and then plie4 round the £af^ fid{^ of the ifland ; but that, meeting with unfavourable wiii^U^ ke had been carried to fomediuknce from the co^. ^ ||e- lud one of the idanders on board, all this time ; >^ had remained there frpmxhoice, and had refiifed to quit t^'e fliip, though opportunities had offered. -^ The 8th and 9th they rpent,.as ufual, ftandiilgoff aii4 q9> Qn the I ith, many canoes came alone-fide, but had .^ a fmgle thing to barter ^ which proved clearly that tms- part of the ifland mufil^e very poor, and that thejr tisid already parted with what they could ^re. The mips k^pt plying off and on. the 12th, and for want of j&uiior toots were under a neceffity of making^ ufe 'ot {6m^ pf their fea provifions. \.y , . The weather being fine,, on the i5tkthcy fteetlct totJiB North^wardf. They had plenty of company this da)^» and .at>nn4ance, of every thing. At day-break on the i6th, feeing tiut. appcariiince of k bay, Mr. Biigh was lent with a ooa; from each (bip tp examine it, being at the fame ume three leagues on. Ciuioes now began to arrive from^aU pacts ; fo that before ■^■^ Iten t^fhck, there were not fewer than a thoufaad afxmS |he twc ihtps, moft of them crouded with people, and well laden )^ithnogs« and other jprodudUons of the ifland. One (of their vifitors took out of the fhip a boat's rudder. He was dlicovered, but too late to recover it. Captain Cook tlioitt[iit this a good opportunity to ihew thefe people the nie of £re-arms ; and two or three mufquets, and as ma- il^ fbiir-pounders> were £red over the canoe which car« ned cf the rudder. As it was not intended that any of the 0iot (hOttld take efFe^, the furrounding multitude of na- tives fistemed rather more furprifed than frightened. to refit> and fupply themfelves with every refrelhment the pllice could afford. Numbers of the^ iidiabitants requeued pcmifion t6 flee^ oil Ibo^d. CvdnicAty was not the only jnottve, at leaft with fome ; ^ the next morning, feveral things were miffing. At eleyeiitD'tlock in the fbrehocm th^ anchored in the bay« which is called by the natives Karaiakeoa, T^he fliips continued to be much crowded with natives, and were fiirrounded by a niiiltitude of canoes. So manj people were never ieen together in the couriei of this yoyage. ^ Befides thofe in canoes, all the ihore was co* Verea wlth^ fpe^tors, and many hundreds were Swim- ming roaidtne ^ip like fhoals of filh. They Were'^ much lEruek with the fiogularitv of the fcene ; few now lamented their having fajilea in their endeavours to find a Nor- thern paflage homeward laft fummer, as to this difap- poi'ntment they were indebted for revifitine the Sand* wich Ifles, by which they have enriched their voyage with a di|!covery {^ which, thoueh the lafl, feems to ^ the moft Important that had himerto been made in the Pacific Ocean. f The unhappy circumflaiice whick dofed the tnafadloiil at thit placftt will ever make the renoahnuicc of its diftavtty a ast^ tfr to be Um«BU4« fAAT 10 ^Qt ?#odi ij'iih &'-timy tim> •3X">w OT^jiiJ «i*/o!r>^a nat 'n$v/ hoR^S^Qi'^li^Jiw b^fetpip iil3lij;l<>/ftQm:.^^ftOW.^^at •>ni; Bi-^ri.] ill Ail >* » :*• ' r*-'- f -r 5i Jiii ''■y ftiln)l tii ij'fto ^iii ti; tj^onj;ufr ,.i :i Blijorfl.Jofft li Captain G O O K's NAUitAtrvi' * ■ , < <* f' ,'5' Comti no Iow^«^ .?,% '0 1-/ t f ;; : ft' The .C ON TIN P A T lO K M" ■;.> 9.- H '^^m^'-'-^i '^' ';'Jf Captain K I #f>i» a A f ^. A. ^ ppipipp wm ■% ■'■mfmmi^mtmMmf^^-' :/\ -r' , J : i 1 % K ?* fc ( 205 i «■■■ P A R TV. Hen Captain Xing hoJi itp bis pen, from niohnfe aeedunt lot *wiU endea*v9ur i^wf before our readers Jiub parti as are moft inttrejiing, ani entertaining^ and as fidlj as this compendious account 9mU admit, TrenfaSlions on retstrning io tbe Sandwicb I/lands, from January t if 7^$ to March following, KARAKAKOOA Bay is fttuatedon the Weft fide of the IflandLof Owhyhec. It is about a mile in depth, and bounded by two low points of land* vi the dift^nce of half a league. This place appearing to Captain Cook a proper place to refit the fhips, and lay in an. additional fupply of water and provifions, tliey moored on the North fide. As foon as the inhabitants perceived the (hip'* an- choring, they came oiF from the fhore in aftonilhing numbers, and exprefied their joy by finging and ihouting, and exhibiting a variety of wild and^extra* vagant geftures. Th'.; iides, the decks, ind rigging of both Ihips were foon completely covered with them } and a multitude of women and boys, who had not been able to get canoes, came fwimming round, us iii ihoals ; manv of whom, not finding room on boards remained the v^hole day playing in the water. Among the Chiefs that came on board the Refo* liition, was a young man, called Pareea, who wat foon difcovered to be a man of confequence. On pre* Tenting himfelf to Captain C(yok, he told him, that he was Jakanee * to the king of ^e ifland, who was at that time engaged on a military expedition at T Mowcffj \ * They afterward met with feveral others of the fame denomina* i»^\ k*' whether it be an ofEce, vt feme degree 0/ aAiuty, tb^y (otfldnv.e; learn with certainty. m^^mm mimmf^ mm i 206 •) Mowee, and was expefted to return within three 0' /our days, A few prefcnts .ftorn Captain Cook at- tached him entirely, .aiyjfcfec became exceedingly ufe, fill in^the management of his countrymen,, as was af- terwards experienced to feme purpofe, for the fhipa iiad not been long at anchor, when it wjis obferved that the Difcovery had fuch "a ntrtiber' of people hanging on one fide, as occafioned her to heel conliderably ; and that the men were unable to keep off the crowds which continued preflin^ into hcr.^ Captain Cook mentioned the inconvenience to Pareea, who imme- diately cleared the ihip of its incumbrances, and drove away the canoes that furrounded her. The authority of the Chiefs over the inferior peo- ple appeared, from this incident, to be of the moll defpotic kind, A fimilar inftance of it happened the fame day on board the Refolution ; where the crowd being fo great, as to impede the* ncceffary bufinef of the (hip, they were obliged to have recourfe to the af- iiftanc; of Kaneena, another of their Chiefs, who had iikewife attached himfelf to Captiain Cook. The in- convenience we laboured under being made known, he immediately, ordered his countrymen to quit the vcffel ; and we were not a little furprized to fee them^ jump over board, without a moment's hefitation ; all except one man, who loitering behind, and fhewing ibme unwillingnefs to obey, Kaneena took him up in his arms, and threw him into the fea. Bpththefe Chiefs were men of ftrong and well pro- portioned bodies, and of countenances remarkably pleafm;', Kaneena efpecially. ^ The inhabitants had hitherto behaved with'^ great fairnefs and honefty, but the cafe was now exceedingly altered. The immenfe crowd of rflandlrt's, whicn Mocked up every part of the fhips, afforded frequent opportunity of pilfering without rifk of-difcover>'. Another circumftance, to which this alteration in their behaviour might be attributed, was the en- couragemei.t of their chiefs'; for generally tracing the booiy into the poiieflion of fomc men of confc- quence, there was the ftrongeft reafon to fufpeA that thefe depredations were committed at their inftig^- Cion. i Seon ( 207 ) ^ Soon after the Refolutiion Had gof into Her ftatioir, pATcea and Kaneena bro^^ht on board a third Chiefs named Koah^ who, the^lSid> was a pried, and had been, in his youth, a diftinguilhed warrior. He was a little old Irian, of anr emaciated figure ; his eyes exceedingly fore and red, and his body covt;red with a white leprous fcurf, the eife^s of an immoderate ufe of the kava. Being led into the cabin., he ap-> proached Captain Cook with great veneration, and threw over his ihoulders a piece of red cloth, which he had brought ^loug with him. Then ftepping a few paces back, he itiade an ofFeringof almall pig, which he held' in his hand, whilft he pronounced a d^fcouHe that lafted for a confiderable time. When this ceremony Was over, Koah dined with' Captain Cook, eating plentifully of what was fet before him ; but, like the reft of the inhabitants of the iflands in thefe feas, could fcarcely be prevailed m to taile a fecond time the wine or l^irits. In the evening. Captain Cook, attended by Mr B^tly and Captain King.f accompiinied him on ifhore. They landed at "the beach» and vtere received by four mcii, who carried wanda tip t with dog's hair, and marched beforei''pro'noun We alf» fotiird that it\«as a title belonging to a peribnagc of ipeat rank and poWer in the iflSind, who refembles pretty much the l)tlal Lama of the Tartan, and the eccleHaftical Emperor of Japaa* f f roife thh t\int he'U ftUed Ci^i^rata King, but he did not fa xeedi ^ tfiat ap^tment 'till afttr Cagtain Clerke*»deatik» pp"plilp fmm ^^ttma,, j|p94 ft Tvunoii^ old building' of wood^ can • 1^ fide, byaftonewall, ;;wIhIcIi divided the whole ij^kte itoto tv^o psirts. On the fide next the coantryi were five fples, upwards of ,twentv feet high, fisipporting 9,ti utegular kind of ^aifofd; on the oppofite fid^^ tqwards the f^a, ftood two fmali houfes, with a covered communication. Uppn this pile thev perfbnn their facrifices^ of fome of which Captain Cfook, Captain King, and other principal perfons, were fpedlators. After partaking of an entertaihineni which was h- ther difguftinji to our giiefts, they Wtc ufhered back tothe.boat^ with the fain6 'attendants that accompanied them when they landed.— ^They immediately went on Ixwrd* ■ . - / , ' . ..-, • ;.,y>;^,.;^-/ ' The next mornings Captain King weAt on Ihore with a guard of eight marines, including the corporal and lieutenant, having orders to ere^ the obierva- lory in fuch a fituation u migVt beft enable him to fnperintend and prote^ the waterers* and the'QtHer working parties that were to be on ihore. As they were viewing a fi>ot conyeniently fituated for this pnrpofe, in the middle of^lie vdl^ge, Pareea, who was always ready to fiiew both his power and bis Sood will, offered to pull down ibme hpufes lat would have obftruftcd their obfervations. How- .ifver, they thought proper to decline this offer, and fixed on a neld of fweet potatoes adjoining to tht Mcrai, which was readily granted, and the prieiU, to prevent the intrufipn of ths the natives, -immedi- ately confecrated or tahooed the piace„ by fixing their wands round the wall by which it was inclofed* No canoes ever prefumed to t^d near them ; the iiatives fat on the Wall, but none offered to come within the tabpoed place, till he had obtained permiffi- on. But though the men, when requefted, would come acrofs the field with provifions, yet, nothing could prevail on the w^nien to approacn. Prefents were tried, but- without effeftj PJuieefi and Kodh were tempted to bring them, but in vain > they were invariably anfwered, that th? Kato^ and Tcrreeoboo (which was the name of their king) would kill them. This circttinftauce ai9K>i:dc*d ao ^ali |Xna!tterJ)|9^^^- ■\ ftieiirco thofe on board, where the cro^Ss of pcopfev and particularly of women, that contii)ued to fhth thithtfrj obliged them ttlmoft every . hofir to dear the tkSfiel, in order to have room tt^ do th^ hecii^ fery dtities of the (hip. Gn thefe oecafions/ two or three hundred women w^re frequently made to jump into the water at once, where they continued fwim- ming and playing about, till they could again procure? admittance. From the 19th to the 24th, when Pareea and Koah went to attend TerreeOboo, who had landed on fome* other part of the ifland, the caulkers were fet to work on the fides of the fhips, and the rigging wa» carefully overhauled artd repaired. The falting- of hogs for fea-ftore Was alfo a conftant, ^nd one of the principal di^fts of Captain Cook's attention. They haid not been long fettled at the obferva!tory,. before they difcovered, in the neighbourhood, the ha**^ bitations- of a fociety of priefts, wkofe regular at-,, tendance at the Morai had excited curioiity. Their huts flood round a pond of water, and were fur- rounded by a grove of cocoa-nut trees, which fepa- fated th^m from the beach and the refl of the village^ and gave the place an air of religious retirement... On acquainting Captain Cook with thefe circum- ftances, he refolved to pay them a viiit. On his arrival at the beach, he was condudled to k facred building called Harrt^no-Orouo, or the houie- ti Orono, and feated before the entrance, at the foot of a wooden idot, of the fame kind with thofe oit the Morai ; and, after wrapping him in a red cloth^ Kaireekeea, accompanied by twelve pr efts, made an. offering of a pip. The pig was then ftrangled, and a fire being kindled, it was thrown ihta the embers^ and after the hair was finged off, it was again pre- fentedj it was then held for a fhort time under the Captain'*) nofe ; after which it was laid, with a co^ coa-nut, at his feet, and the performers fat down* thtia^vii was then brewtd, and handed round;, a fat liog, ready dreflSed, was brought in. The civilities of this fociety were not, hov^^evei^" epniincd to mere ceremony and parade. The pafiy; en ihojre^ ]«c0ived. from them> every* dfty,| a cdir^ ci'*#**. T 1 Aant 5P wmm Ibnt fajpply of hogs and vegetables^ more than fuf- fl^ient for their fubfifteiice ; and feveral canoes loaded JiMk proviiions were Tent to the ihips with the fame pan^uality. No return was ever demanded, or evea hinted at in the moft diftant manner. Their prefents were made with a regularity, more like the difcharge of a religious duty, than the eftedl of mere libera- ~ lity ; and when enquiry was made at whofe charge all this munificence was difplayed, they were told, it was at the expence of a great man called Kaoo, the chief of the pricfts, and grandfather to Kaireekeea, who was at that time abtent attending the King of the ifland. As every thing relating to the charadler and be*^ haviour of this people muft be intdrefting to the reader, on account of the tragedy that was afterwards adled here, it will be proper to acquaint him, that they had not always fo much reafon to be fatisfied with the conduA of the warrior Chiefs, or Earees, as with that of the prieils. In all their dealings with the former, they were found fufficiently attentive to their own interefts ; and beiides their habit of fiealxDg, which may admit of feme excufe, from the univeriality of the praftice among the iflanders of thefe feas, they male ufe of other artifices equally difhonourable. One inftance, in which they difco- vcred, with regret, their friend Koah to be a party principally concerned.. As the Chiefs^ who brought prefents of hogs, were always fent back handfoinely rewarded, they had generally a greater fupply than could be made ufe oJN Oil the£ occafions, Koah, who never failed in his attendance, ufed to beg fuch as were not wanted, and they were ^ays given to him. It one day happened, that a jpig was. prefented by a man whom Koah himfelf introduced as a Chief, who was defiroua of paying his refpe^s i the pig was recolle^d to-be the fame thajt had been l^ivento Koah >uft before. This creating fufpiciptt !lf fonae trick, it was found otk further enquiry, that llie pretended Chief was an ordinary peifon ; and on c^nefting this with other circumftances, there was feafon to fufpeft, that it waff not the firil time they %il}e€ii thr lUisci^of thye like ioij^QiUioit* ^ ^> ^ ( «l > ThiRS'^A^^'^^^^ "^ ^His ftftte till tlie>24th, wKen they were a good deal rttvprisEeduto find that no canoes wereTuffered to put ofFfrom tkeihpre> and that thenar tiyes keptclofe to their houifes. After feteral hours fuf^ penfe, they learned that the bay was tabooed ^ and all intercourfe with them interdicted* on account of the arrival of Terreeoboo. As they had not forefeen an accident of this fort, the crews of both fhips were obliged to pafs the day. without their ufual fupply of vegetables. The next mornine, therefore, they en* deavoured, both by threats and promifes, to induce the natives to come along>iide ; and as fome of thenk were at laft venturing to put off, a Chief was obferved attempting to drive them away. A mufquet was iro» mediately fired over his head, to make him defift» which had the defired efiedl, and refreihments were- foon after purchafed as ufual. The next day, about noon, the King> in a large canoe^ attended by two others, iet out &om the viU lage, and paddled toward the ihips in great ftate» Their appearance was grand and magnificent. In the £rfi canoe was Terreeoboo and his Chiefs, drefled in their rich feathered cloaks and helmets, and armed with long fpears and daggers ; in the fecond came the venerable Kaoo, the chief of the priefts, and his hrethren, with their idols difplayed on red cloth. Thefe idols were bufts of a gigantic fize, made of wicker work, and coriouily covered with fmall feathers of various colours, wrought in the fame manner with their cloaks. Their eyes were made of large pearl oyfiers, with a black nut fixed in the centre ; their mouths were fet.with a double row of the fangs of dog», and, together with the reft of their featttres> were ftrangely diftorted. The third canoe was filled with hogs and various forts of vegetabk >^» As they went along, the priefts in the centre canoe fung 'their hymns with great folemnity ; and after paddling round the Ihips, inftead of going on board, as was ex- pe^ed, they made toward the ihore at thebeacli where the obfervatory was ereded. As foon as they were feen. Captain Cook ordered put a Uttie guard to receive the King ; and pesceiv- bg that he {jwiM, goiog on Aore« ioUowcd !»»> and -..»,.! ' arrived ^' wvft^ ' nearly at the fame time. They were cfttr- .duded Into tne tent, where they had fcarcely beeh featedy when the King rofe ap, and in a very grace. ful manner threw over tlic Captains flioulders the cloak he hihiielf wore, put a feathered helmet upon his head, and a curious fan into his hand. He alfo fpread at his feet five or fix other cloaks, all exceeding^, ly beautiful, and of the greatcft value. His atteiv. dants then brought four very large hogs, with fugar- c:ine5, cocoa-nuts, and bread-fruit; and this part of the ceremony was concluded by the King's exchang- ing names with Captain Cook, which amongft all the iflanders of the Pacific Ocean, is elteemed the ftrongeft pledge of friendihip. A proceffion of priefts, with 9 venerable old perfcaage at their head, now appeared,, followed by a long train of men leading large hogs, and others carrying plantains, fweet potatoes, &c. By the looks and geftures of Kaireckeea, he was known to be the chief of the priefts before mentioned, on whofe bounty they had fo long fubfifted. He had apiece of red cloth in his hands, which he wrapped round Captain Cook's ihoulders, and afterwards pre>> iented him with a fmall pig. As foon as the formalities of the meeting were over, Captain Cook carried Terreeoboo, and as many chiefs as the pinnace could hold, on board the Refolutiom They were received with every mark of refpcft that could be (hewn them; and Captain Cook, m return for the feathered cloak, put a linea ihirt on the King, and girt his own hanger round him. The ancient Kaoo, and about half a dozen more old Chiefs, re- mained on 'ihore, and took up their abode at the prieib houfes. During all this time not a canoe was feen in the bay, and the natives eithej kept with- in their huts, or lay proftrate on the ground. Before the King left the Refolution, Capt. Cook obtained leave ^or the natives to come and trade wkh the ihips as ufual. , The. quiet and inoffenfive behaviour of the natives kaving taken away every apprehenfion of danger^ the officers of both Ihipswent daily up the country, infnall parties, or even fingly, and frequently re^ .soained oat Uie. wJhole night- ^ would be endtefs. td ( "3 ) rfcoimt^ll the infttnces of kindnefi and civility whicti they received upon thofe oceafiont. Wherever they went* Ukb people flocked about them eager to offer tvtry aftftance in their power, and hiehly gratified if their feryicei were accepted. Various little arts were pra^liftd to attrad their notice, or to delav their de. partureii The bpiys and eirls ran before them as they walked through uieir villages, and flopped them at ererv opening, where there was room to form a gronp for dancing. The fatisfaClion derived from their gentlenefs and hofpitality, was, however, frequently interrupted by that propenfity to ftealing, which they have m com- inon with all the other iflanders of thefe feas. Some of their mofl expert fwimmers were one day difcovered under the fliips, drawing out the filling nails of the flieathine, which they performed very dexteroufly by means of a ihort flick, with a flint ftone fixed in the end of it. To put a flop to this practice, fmall fliot was firei at the offenders ; but they eafily got out of reach iby diving under the fliips bottom. It was there- fore found neceflQuy to make an example, by flogging one of them on board the Difcovery.' ' ^ On the aath. Captain Gierke, whofe ill health conf* fined him, for the mofl part, on board, paid Ter^ rceoboo his firft viflt, at his hut on fliorc He was received with great formality; and, on his coming away, he received a prefentof thirty large hogs,, and IS m^ttch fruit and roots as his crew .could con-^ fume in a week, ^ They were, entertained with a boxing match, at which a vaft concourie of people were prefent. A long fpace was left vacant m the midft of them, at the upper end of which fat the judges, under three flandards, from which hung flijps of cloth of vari- ous colours, the ikins of two wila geefe, a few fmall birds, and bunches of feathers. When the fports were ready to begin, the flgnal. was given by the, judges, i and imm^iately two combatants appeared. They caine forward flowly, lifting up their feet very high behind, and drawing their hands along the ible». As they approached, they frequently eyed each other from head to foot^ in^a contemptuous manner, caft- ip ■minmM ifn^pi ^mm Jng fevdral arch looks at the rpe£Utors; (training their mufcles, and ufine a variety of affefted geftures. Be- ing advanced within reach aF each other, they ftood with both arms held out ftraight before their faces, at which part all; their blows were aimed; They ftruck, in an awkward manner, with a full fwing •f < th9 arm ; made ao attempt to parry, but eluded their adverfaTy^s attack by an inclination of the body, or by retreating«>/ ^The battle was quickly decided ; for if either of them was knocked down, or even fell by accident, he wins'confidered as 'vanc|ai(hed, and the vi^or expreflbd his triumph b;^ a variety of geflures, r which ufually ejccited, as .was intended, ' a loud laugh : ftiaong the ipe^taters. He then waited for a fea)n I jiintagipnift; and if again vidlorious, for a third, till f he Was, ait ]aft;i in his turn defeated. This day died William Watman, a feaman of t&e gunner's crew; a fimilar event of ^ which had hi- therto l)een very rare. He was an > did man, and much :r^fpe^ed .'On account bf his lattachment to Captain Cpok.r/ jHe:had formerly ferved ai a marine twentywonjb jf^ars ; .after which he entered as a feaman on board the Refolufiorif in 1772, and ferved with Captatn-Cdok in his voyage toward the South Bole. At their retiurn, he was admitted into Greenwich Hofpital,. thro.uoh the Captain's intereft, at the fame time with himlclf ; and being refolved to follow throughout the fortune^ of his benefador, he .alfo .quitted it along with hi|P> pn his being; appointed to the command of the prefent expediyon* i >/n&i At the reqUeft' oif the KSng of the liland, hi^nyas buried on. the Moraii and the ceremony was perfomr ed with r.s much folemnity as our fit nation pei;mittec[. Old Kaooand'his brethren ylvcrt fpef^ators, and pre- served the moft pr 'found iilence.and attention, whilfl the iervipe was reading. » When they began tc fill u|) .the grave, they, approached it with .grdsit reverence, threw' ii) a dead pig, ibme cocoa-nuts, and plaintains/; and, Sor three nights afterward, they furrounded it> facrificing hogs,. ' and performing their uifual cercmO- .nies of hymns and prayers, which continued tilldgy-- .break, ■ • . • '\' 'i. I ■ J ■ i. -J . ■ * ' ^^T 4 :^i |he head of the crave wai erected a poU, and l^^nailed upon it a iquare piece of bo^rd, on which wai infcribed the name of "he dcceafed, his age, and the day[ pf his death. This they, promifed not to re- move; and wf have no doubt> but that it will be fuf* ^red to remain, as long as tlie frail materials, of which it is made, will permit. The ihips being in great wanjt of fuel, the Captain purchafed of the prielts on the (econd of February, the rail that furrounded the top of the Morai. Whilil the Tailors were taking it away, one of them was ob- ferved carrying olF a carved im^ge. Though this was done in the pr^fi^nce of the natives, who had not ihewn any mark of refentment at it, but had even' affiftcd them in ,the removal, it was thought neceflary to fpeak to Kaoo, on the fwbjed ; who appeared very indifferent about the matter. , Terreeoboo, and his Chiefs, had, for fome days paft, been \try inquifitive about the time of their de- ^ parture. J'his,circiimftance had excited a great cu- riofity to know, whstt opinion this people had formed of them, and what were their ideas refpeAing the caufe and objects of the voyage. The refult of the enquiry was that they imagined they came from fome country whei-e provifions had failed ; and that their vi- fit to them was merely for the purpofe of filling their bellies. Indeed, the meagre appearance of fome of the crew, the hearty appetites with which they fat down to their frefli provifions, and their great anxiety- to purchafe and carry off, as much as they were able, led them, naturally enough, to fuch a conclufion. It was ridiculous enough to fee them llroaking the iides^ and patting the bellies, of ^he failors (who were cer* tainly much improved in the fleeknef^ of theirlooks, during their (hort (lay in the ifland), and telling them, partly by figns, and partly by words, that it was time for them to go ; but if they would come again the next bread-fruit feafbn, they Ihould be better able to fupply their wants. They had now been fixteen days in the bay ; and confidering the enormous confump- tion of hogs and vegetables it need not be wondered, that they Ihould wifh to fee them take leave. On telling Terreeoboo they ihould leave the iilanid on the next 09 Ulljwip- I ^.mrmmimillK!^ ( ai6 1 mx% day but one, there was a fort of proclamation iipmbdiately made, through the villa^es^ to require the people to bring in their hogs, and veget^{es, for the King to prefent to the Or9no,-^n Ms departure. The next day being fixed for our departure, Tcr- neoboo invited Captain Cook and Captain King to attend him, on the 3d, to the place where Kaoo refu ded. On their arrival, they found the ground covered ^ith parcels of cloth ; a vaft quantity of red and yel. low feathers, tied to the fibres of cocoa-nut hu&; and a great number of hatchets, and other pieces of iron>ware, that had been got in barter from us. Ac a. little diftance from thefe, lay an ittimen^ quantity Qf vegetables, of every kind, and near them was a very large herd of hogs. At firft, it wiis fuppofed the whole was intended as a prefent to them till Kaireekeea informed them that it was a gift, or tribute, from the people of that diftrift to the king ; and, accordjngly as foon as they were feated, they brought all the bun- dies, and laid them feverally at Terreeoboo's feet; who gave all the hogs and vegetables, and two-thirds of the cloth, to the two Captains. They were aftonlih- ed at the value and magnitude of this prefent, which far exceeded tvcry thing of the kind they had feen, either at the Friendly or Society Iflands. The fame day they quitted the Morai, and got the tents and agronomical inftruments on board. And we had no fooner left the place, than th6 natives rulh- ed in, and fearched eagerly about, in expe6lation of finding fomething of value, that mijg;ht have been left behind. The people were become io fond of Captain King, that they prefled him much to flay behind, and even folicited Captain Cook, whom they fujppofed his Father, to confent to his continuance amongft them. On the 4th of February, they unmoored, and failed out of the bay, with the Difcovery in company, and were fbllowed by a great number of canoes. In the afternoon of the 7th, though the weather was dill fqually, they ftood in for the land, and be- ing about three leagues from it, they faw a canoe, with two men paddling towards them, which they im- mediately conjeiStured had been driven off the fhore by the late boiileroiis weather, and therefore flopped the (• 217 ) ^ the ihip*s way in order to take them in. Thefe poor wretches were fo entirely exhaulled with fatigue, chat had not one of the natives on board, obferving their wtaknefs, jumped into the canoe to their afiiftance, they would fcarcely have been able to faden it to the rope which was thrown o at for that purpofe. It v; as with difficulty they got them up the ihip*s fide, together wrtii a child, about four years old, which thev had iaihed under the thwarts of the canoe, where it had lain with only its head above water. They faid they had left the more the morning before, and had been from that time without food or water. The ufual pre- cautioisweie taken in giving them victuals, and the child being committed to the care of one of the wo- men, th^y were all next morning perfectly reco- vered. At midnight •!) the 7th, a gale of wind came on, which obliged them to double reef the topfails. On th^Sth, at day- break, they found that the foremaft had given way. This accident induced Captain Cook to return to Karakakooa bay. On the loth, the wea- - ther became moderate, and a fewcan9«*3 came off, from which they learnt, that the late ftorms had done much mifchief, and that feveral laree canoes had been loft* During the remainder of the .day they kept beating to windward, and before nigat they were within a mile of tlie bay 1 but not choofine; to run on while it was dark, they ^ood off and on till day-light next morn-. ing, when they dropt anchor nearly in the fame place as before. T'hey were employed the whole of the nth. and part of the I2thj in getting out the f jre- mafl, and fending it with the carpenters on (hore. Bcfides the damage which the head of the maft had fuilained, the heel was found exceeedingly rotten, having a large hole up the middle of it capable of holding four or five cocoa nuts. As thefe repairs were likely to take up feveral days, Mr. Bayly and Mr, King got the aftronomical apparatus on ihore the 1 2th, and pitched their tents on tne Moral, having with them a guard of a coporal and fix marines. They renewed their friendly correfpondence with the prieit^. The failmakers were fent on (hore, to re- U pav •■/f ,.*'('■ ■ ( 2i8 ) pair the damages which had taken place in their de- partment during the late gales. They were lodged in a houfe adjoining to the Moral that was lent )iy the priefts : fuch were their arrangments on (hore. Here commence the tranfaSftons that led to^ and foU lowed^ in confequence of the fatal catajirophe of the 14th, which it has he£n thought hefl to convey to the reader in the words of Captain King, Upon coming to anchor, we were furprifed to find 6ur reception very different from what it had been on our firft arrival j no fhouts, no buftle, no confufion j but a folitary bay, with only here and there a canoe ftealing clofe along the fhore. The impulfe of curiofity, which had before ope- rated to fo great a degree, might now indeed be fuppofed to have ceafed ; but the hofpi table treat- ment we had invariably met with, and the friendly footing on which we parted, gave Us fome rea- fon to expedl: that they would again have flocked about us with great joy on our return. We were forming various conje6lurcs upon the occafion of this extraordinary appearance, when our anxiety was at length relieved by the return of a boat which had been (ent on fhore, and brought us word, that Tcrreeoboo was abfent, and had left the bay under the tahoo» Though this account ap- peared very fatisfa6lory to moft of r ; yet others were oF opinion, or rather, perhaps, have been led by fubfequent events to imagine, that there wls fomething at this time very fufpicfous in the be- haviour of the natives ; and that the interdidion of all intercourfe with us on pretence of the king^s abfencc, was only to give him time to confult the Chiefs in what manner it might be proper to treat us. Whether thefe fufpicions were well founded, •r th^ account given by the natives was the truth, 3 w* »v, ( 219 ) we were never able to afcertain. For though it is not improbable, that our fudden return, for which they could fee no apparent caufe, and the neceflity of which we afterwards found it very difficult to make them comprehend, might occafionfome alarm j yet the unfufpicious conduit of Terreeoboo, who, on his fuppofed arrival, the next morning, c^roe immediately to vifit Captain Cook, and the coi]- fequent return of the natives to their former friendly intercourfe with us, are ftrong proofs that th^y neither meant, .nor apprehended, any change of conduit. In fupport of this opinion, I may add the account of another accident, precifely erf the fame kind which happened to us, on our firft vifit, the day before the arrival of the King. A native h^d fold a hog on board the Refolution, and taken the price agreed on, when Pareea, paffing by, advifed the man not to part with the hog without an ad- vanced price. For this, he was marply Ipokcn to, and piifhed away 5 and the taboo being foon aft^r laid on the bay, we had at firft no doubt, but that it was in confequence of the offence given to the Chief. Both thefc accidents ferve to fhew, how very difficult it is to draw any certain conclufion from the actions of people, with whofe cuftoms, as well as language, we are fo imperfeitly ac*- quaiiited ; at the fame time, feme idea may be formed from them, of the difficulties, at the lirft view, perhaps not very apparent, which thofe hare to encounter, who, in all their tranra(Stions with thefe itrangerF, have to fteer their courfe amidft fo much uncertainty, where a trifling error may be attended with even the moft fatal confe- quences. However true or falfe our conjectures may be, things went on in their ufual quiet courfe, till the afternoon -of the 13th. U 2 Towards ^. HWMM ( 22© ) Towards the evening of that day, the officer who commanded the watering party of the Difcovery, came to inform me, uiat feveral Chiefs had af- fembled at the well near the beach, driving away the natives, whom he had hired to aflift thefailors in rolling down the cafks to the fhorcr He told me, at the fame time, that he thought their behaviour extremely fufpicious, and that they meant to give him feme farther difturbance. At his requeft, therefore, I fent a marine along with him, but fuf- fered him to take only his fide-arms. In a fhort time, the officer returned, and on his acquainting me, that the iflanders had armed themfelves with flenes, and were grown very tumultuous, I went myfelf to the fpot, attended by a marine, with his mufquet. Seeing us approach, thv'jy threw away their flones, and, on my fpeaking to fome of tne Chiefis, the mob were driven away, and thofe who chofe it, were fufFered to aiTift in fill- ing the caiks. Having left things quiet here, I went to meet Captain Cook, whom I faw comine on fhore in the pinnace. I related to him what had iuft pafFed ; and he ordered me, in cafe of their oeginning to throw ftones, or behave infolently, immediately to fire a ball at the ofFenders. I ac- cordingly gave orders to the corporal, to have the 'pieces of the fentinels loaded with ball, inflcad of fmal! fhot. Soon after our return to the tents, we were alarmed by a continued fire of mufquets from the Difcovery, which we obfcrved to be directed at a canoe, that we faw paddling towards the (hore, in great hade, purfued by one of our fmall boats. We immediately concluded, that the firing was in confequence of fome theft, and Captain Cook or-* dered me to follow him with a marine armed, and to endeavour to feize the people as they came on fliore. Accordingly, we ran towards the place where ( aai ) livkert w« fuppofed the canoe would land, bult were tOG> late ; the people having quitted* it, ^^ and made their efcape into the country before oUr ar- rival. We were at this time ignorant, that the goods had been already reftored ; and as we thought it proba- ble, from the circumftances we had at firft obferved', that they might be of importance, were unwillihg to relinquifh our hopes of recovering them, tiav- ing therefore inquired of the natives, which way the people had fled, we followed themj^ till it was near dark, when judging ourfelves to be about three miles from the tents, and fufpe(S)ing, that the na- tives, who frequently encouraged us in the purfuit^ were amufing us with falfe information, we thought it in vain to continue our fearch ^ny longer^ and r)^* turned to the beach. During our abfende, a difFerehce of a more fe- rious and unpleafant nature, had happened, Thd officer, who had been fent in the fmall boat, and was returning on board, with the goods wh'ch* had been reftored, obferving Captain Cook and me en- gaged in thepurfuitof the offenders, thought it his duty to feize the canoe, which was left drawn up oil the fhore. Unfortunately,' this canoe belonged to Pareea, who arriving, at the fame moment^ froiYt on board the Difcovery, claimed his property, i^ith many proteftations or his innocence. The officer refuiing to give it up, and being joined by the crev^ of the pinnace, a fcuffle enfued, in which Pareea was knocked down, by a violent blow on his head', with an oar. The natives, who were colfetfted about the fpot, and had hitherto been peaceable fpedators, immediately attacked our people with fuch a {hower of ftcnes, as forced therr, to retreat^ with great precipitation, and fwim off to a rock', at fome diftance from the (hore. The pinnace wa& immediately ranfacked by the iflandeis i and, btV*i U 3 for ( 222 ) for the tirrely interpofition of Pareeii, who ftemed to have recovered . from the bloW) and forgot it at the fame inifant^ would Toon have been entirely de- molifhed. Having driven away the crowd| he made fi;;ns to ouf people^ that they n^ight conRjff and take pOileffion of the pinnace, and that he would endea- vour to get back the things which had lieeii taken out of it. After their departure, he followed them in his canoe, with a midfhipman's cap, and fome other trifling articles of the plunder, and, with much apparent concern at what had happened, aiked, if the Orono would kill him, and whether he would permit him to come on board the next day? On being affured, that he (hould be well received, he joined nofes (as their cuftom is) with the officers, in token of friendfhip, and paddled over to the vil- la^ of Kowrowa. :r When Captain Cook was informed of what had pafted, he exprefled much uneaiinefs at it, and as ,We were returning onboard, '' I am afraid," faid he, ** that thefe people will oblige me to u{e fome violent meafures; for (he added) they muft not be left to imagine, that they have gained an advantage over u$." However, as it was too late to take any ileps this evening, he contented himfelf with giving orders, that every man and woman on board ihould be immediately turned out of the (hip. As foon as this order was executed, I returned on fhoie ; and our former confidence in the natives bein&t much now abated, by the events of the day, 1 polled a double guard on the Mtrai^ with orders to call me, if they t^yg any men lurking about the beach. At about eleven o'clock, five iflanders were obferved creeping round the bottom of the Moral \ they feemed very cautious in approaching us, and, at laft| binding themfelves difcovered, retired out of fight. About iBidnight, one of them venturing up clofe IP the jy^(f ivat^i;;^^ the f^tinel £i«d over himj on mm mm mmmmmmmmim '^ ( 223 ) n which the meh fled, and we pafled the remai(}dtf of the night without farther difturbanCiTr,';' ^J '^ 1 Next morning, the 14th, at day-IigM^ I'wenC on board the Refolution for the time- keeper, and, i^ my way, was hailed by the Difcovery, and inform- ed, that their cutter had been ftolen, during thehightjii from the buoy where it was moored. v^^ > When I arrived on board, I found the marine!'^* arming, and Captain Cook loadmg his double-bar- relled gun. Whilft I was relating to him what had happened to us in the night, he interrupted me with feme eaeernefs, and acquainted me with the lof^ tif the Difcovery's cutter, and with the preparatiJ ons he was making for its recovery. It had been his^ ufual practice, whenever any thing of confequence was lof^, at any of the iflands in this ocean, to get the King, or fome of the principal Erfes^ on board,; and to keep them as hoflages, till it was reftored. This method, which had been always attended with fuccefs, he meant to purfue on the prefeht occafion ; and, at the fame time, had given orders to (lop all the canoes that fhould attempt to leave the bay, with an intention of feizing and deftroy* ing them, if he could not recover the cutter by peaceable means. Accordingly, the boats of both fhips well manned and armed, were ftationed acrofs the bay ; and, before I left the ihip, fome great guns had been fired at two large conoes, that were attempting to make their efcape. It was between feven and eight o'clock when we quitted the (hip together; Captain Cook in the pin- nace, having Mr. Phillips, and nine marines with him ; and myfelf in the fmall boat. The laft orders I received from him were, to quiet the minds of the natives, on our fide of the bay, by afTuring them, they fhould not be hurt; to keep my people toge* ther; and to be on my guard. We then parted |, the Captain went ^owani Kowrowa» where the King - I C 2?4 ) King refided ; and 1 proceeded to the beach. My firftcare, ongoing afhore, was to give dricSk orders to the marines to remain within the tent, to load their pieces with ball, and not to quit cheir arms. Afterward I took a walk to the huts of old Kaoo, and the priefts, and explained to them, as well as I could, the objedt of the hoilile preparations, which had exceedingly alarmed them. I found, that they had already heard of the cutter's being (loleni and I afTured them, that though Captain Cook was re- folved to recover it, and to puniih the ?iUthors of the theft, yet that they, and the people of the vil- lage on our fide, need not be under the fmalleft ap- prehcnfion of fuffering any evil from us. I defired the priefts to explain this to the people, and to tell them not to be alarmed, but to continue peaceable and quiet. Kaoo afked me, with great earneftnefs, if Terreeoboo was to be hurt ; I afllired him, he was not ; and both he and the refl of his brethren feemed much fatisfied with this afTurance. In the mean time. Captain Cook, having called off the launch, which was Rationed at the North point of the bay, and taken it along with him, pro- ceeded to Tpwrowa, and landed with the Lieutenant and nine marines. He immediately marched into the village, where he was received with the ufual marks of refpedl; the people proftrating themfelves before him, and bringing their accuflomed offerings of fmall hogs. Finding that there was no fufpicion of his defign, his next ftep was, to inquire for Ter- reeoboo, and the two boys, his fons, who had been his conftant guefts on board the Refolution. In a fhort time, the boys returned along with the na- tives, who had been fent in fearch of them, and immediately led Captain Qook to the Houfe where the King had ilept. They found the old man jufl: awoke from flo^p ; and, after a ihort converfation abodt die loft Ojf the Gutter, from which Captain 1. Cook ^•-v/- ( ^^s ) Cook was convinced that he was in nowlfe privy (o it, he invited him to return in the boat, and fpend the day on board the Refolution. To this propofal the King readily confented, and immediately got up to accompany him. Things were in this profperous train, the two boys being already in the pinnace, and the reft of the party having advanced near the water-fide, when an elderly woman called Kanee-kabareea, the mo- ther of the boys, and one of the King's favorite wives, came after him, and with many tears and entreaties befought him not to go on board. At the fame time, two Chiefs, who came along with her, laid hold of him, and infifting that he fhould go no farther, forced him to fit down. The na- tives, who were collecting in prodigious numbers alon? the fhore, and had probably been alarmed by the nring of the great guns,., and the appearances of hoftility in the bay, began to throng round Captain Cook and their King. In this fituation, the Lieu- tenant of marines obferving that his men were huddled clofe together in the crowd, and thus in« capable of ufing their arms if any occafion (hould require it, propofed to the Captain to draw theixi up along the rocks clofe to the water's edge ; and the crowd readily making way for them to pafs, they were drawn up in a line, at the diftance of about thirty yards from the place where the King was fitting. All this time the old King remained on the ground^ with the ftrongeft marks of terror and dejeSion in his countenance ; Captain Cook, not willing to abandon the obje^ for which he had come onfhore^ continued to urge him in the moft prefling manner to proceed ; whilft, on the other hand, whenever the King appeareji inclined to follow him, the Chiefs who ftood round him intei^fedy at firfi with prayers and entreaties, but afterwards having recouic mmm .1" f 226 ) j;ccoiirfe to force and violence, in/idcd on his ftay. Ing whefe he was. Captain Cook therefore finding that the alarm had fpread too generally, and that it was in vain to think any longer of getting him off without bloodfhed, at laft gave up the point; obferving to Mr. Phillips, that it would be im- pollible to compel him to go on board without the rifle of killing a great number of the inhabitants. Though the enterprise which had carried Cap- tain Cook on fhore had now failed and was aban- doi^ed, yet his perfon did not appear to have been .in the Jeaft danger, till an accident happened which gave a fatal turn to the affair. The boats, which had been Rationed acrofs the bay, having fired at Xotne canoes that were attempting to get out, unfortunately had killed a Chief of me fifft rank. .The news of his death arrived at the village where •Captain Cook was, juft as he had left the King, and was walking flowly towards the ihore. The ferment it occalloned was very confpicuous; the women and children were immediately fent off-, ai^d the men put on their war-mats, and armed thenifelves wi^h fpears and .ftones. One of the natives, having in his hands a ftone and a long iron fpike, (which they call a pahooa) came up to the Captain, flourifhmg his weapon, by way of defi- ance, and threatening to throw die ftone. The Captain defiied him to defift ; but the man per- fifting in his infolence, he was at length provoked to fire a load of fmall fhqt. The man having his mat on, . which the Ihot were not able to penetrate, tiiis had no other cfFedl than to irritate and encou-' r^ge them,. Several ftones were thrown at the Oiariacj; and one of the Erees attempted to ftab Mr, Phillips with his pahooa ; but he failed in the attempt, and received from him a blow with the but^ end of his mufquet. Captain Cook now fired tii;s fcoond barrel, loaded with balls and killed one 1 ( ^27 ) of the foremoft of the natives. A general attack with flones immediately followed, which was an- fwered by a difcharge of mufquetry from the ma- rines, and the people in the boats. Thc'iflanders, contrary to the expectations of every one, flood the fire witn great firmnefs ; and before the. marines had time to reload, they broke in upon them with dread- ful fhouts and yells. What followed was a fcene of the utmoft horror and confufion. Four of the marines were cut ofF amongft the rocks in their retreat, and fell a facrifice to the fury of the enemy; three more were dangeroufly wounded ; and the lieutenant, who had received a ftab between the fhoulders with a pahooa^ having fortunately referved his fire, (hot the man who had wounded him juf( as he was going to repeat his blow. Our unfortunate Commander, the laft time he was feen diftindlly, was (landing at the water's edge, and calling out to the boats to ceafe firing, and to pull in. If it be true, as fome of thofe who were prefent imagined, that the marines and boat-men had fired without his orders, and that he Was defirous of preventing any further bloodfhed, it is not improbable, that his humanity, on this occa- fion, proved fatal to him. For it was remarked, that whilft he faced the natives, none of them had offered him any violence, but • ihat having turned about, to give his orders to the boats, he was (tabbed in the back, and fell with his face into the water. On feeing him fall, the iflandcrs fet up a great fhout, and his body was immediately dragged on (hore, and furrounded by the enemy, whofnatching the dagger out of each other's hands, ihewed a favage eagernefs to have a fhare in his deltrucStion. Thus fell our great and excellent Commander \ After a life of fo much diitinguifhed and fuccefsful enterprize, his death, as far as regards himfelf, can* not \ ( 228 ) not be reckoned premature ; fince he lived to finifh the great work for which he (eems to have been de- figned ', and was rather removed from the enjoy, tnent, than cut off from the acquifition, of glorj. How fmcerely his lofs was felt and lamented, by thofe who had lo long found their general fecurity in his (kill and conduct, and every confolation, under their hardfhips, in his tendernefs and huma- nity, it is neither neceifary nor poffible for me to defcribe ; much lefs (hall I attempt to paint the hor- ror with which we were flruck, and the univerfal dejediion and difmay, which followed fo dreadful and unexpected a calamity. It has been already related, that four of the marines who attended Captain Cooky were killed by the iflanders on the ffiot. The reft, with Mr. Phil- , lipS) their Lieutenant, threw themfelves into the water, and efcaped, under cover of a fmart fire from the boats. On this occafion, a remarkable inftance of gallant behaviour, and of afFedion for his men, was ihewn by that officer. For he had fcarcely got into the boat, when) feeing one of the marines, who was a bad fwimmer, ftruggling in the water, and in danger of being taken by the enemy, he immediately jumped into the fea to his afliflance, though much wounded himfelf ; and after receiv* ing a blo^ on the head from a done, which had nearly fent him to the bottom, he caught the man by the hair, and brought him fafe off. Our people continued for fome time to kpep up a conftant fire from the boats (which, during the whole tranfa£iion, were not more than twenty yards from the land,) in order to a^Ford their unfortunate companions, if any of them (hould ftill remaia alive, an opportunity of efcaping. Thefe efforts, feconded by a few guns, that were fired at the fame time, from the Refolution, having forced the* na« lives at laft to retire, a fmall boat, manned by five of ^of^pur younemkldiipaien, pulled toward the fliore* 'whcrc^ tKcy Taw the bodies, without any figns of life, lying on the ground j hut judging it dangerous to atjei^ipt to bring. them off, with (o fmall a force, 8n4 thcif a^imunition being r^arly expended, they returned, to' the (hips, leaving them inpofleffion of theiflanders,, together with ten (lands ofarms. As foon as the general coofternation, which the news of this calamity occafioned throughout both crews, had a Tittle fubUded, their attention was called tbpiir party at the Moraiy where the mart and fails were on (bore, with a guard of only fix ma« rines. It is impoiHblc for mc to defer ibe the emo- tions of my own mind, during the time thtfe tranfad^ipns had been carrying on, at the other fide of the bay. Being at the diftance only of a fhorc mile from the village of Kowrowa, we could fee diftinftly an immenfe crowd collected on the fpot where Captain Cook had juft before landed. We heard the .firing of the mufquetry, and could per- ceive fome extraordinary buflle and agitation in ^he multitude. We afterwards faw the natives flying, the boats retire from the (hore, and pafling and re- pafling, in great dill nefs, between the fhips. I mull co^ifefs, that my heart foon mifgave me. Where a liie fo dear and valuable w^s concerned, it was impofliblc not to be alarmed, by appearances both new and threatening. But, befldes this, I knew, that a long and uninterrupted courfe of fuc- cefs, in his tranfadlions with the natives of thefc feas, had given the Captain a degree of confidence, that I was always fearful might, at fome unlucky moment, put him too much off his guard; and I now faw all the dangers to which that confidence might lead, without receiving much confolation from confidering the experience that had given rife to It. X My tm^^tm ■IP { 3tJ0 ) ^ Uly nr A care, on hearing the mufquets fire j^ ^^ to amirc the people, who were aflcmbled in confi- derable numbers, round the waiH of our coniecratcd tieldy ^nd Teemed equally at a lofs with fiurfelves how to account for whai they h^d (een and heard, that they fhould not be molefted ; and that, at 9{\ events, I was deftrous of continuing on peaceaHe terms with them. We remained in this pofture tiU the boats had returned on board, when Captain Clerke, obferving, through his telefcope, that wc were furrounded by the natives, and apprehending they meant to attack us, ordered two four-pounders to be fired at them. Fortunately thefe guns, though well aimed, did no mifchief^ and yet gWe the na- tives a convincing proof of their power. One of the balls broke a cocoa mit tree in the middle, under which a party of them were fitting ; and t^e other ihiyered a rock, th?it flood in an exzil line With them- As J. had, jufl before, given them the ftrong- clt affuraaces of their fafety, I was exceedingly mortified at this a£l of hofl:ility ; and, to prevent a repetition of it, 'mmedTatelydifpatched ai)oqt to ac- quaint Captain Clerke, that, at prefent, I was on the mdiJ friendly terms with the, natives; and thar, if occaiion fhould bereaft?r afife for altering my cojidu.!^ tow^ard them, i would hoift a jack, as a fignal (br him to afford us ail the affiftaiKe in his power. We expelled the return of .the boat with the ut- moft impatience ; and after remaining a quarter of an hour, under -the. mcfl: torturing anxiety and faf- pence, oui' fears were -jft length confirmqjJs by the arrival of Mr. Bligh, v^'ith orders to flrike the tents as quickly a;? polTible, and to fend the /rils, that were repairing, on board, Jufl at the fame mo- ment, our friend Kaircckcea having alfo receivcil iiitellig^nce of the death of OaptuinXook, from a -native, who had arrived from the other fideofihe "il-^.JifJt could be inftjr^cntal in prcfe^^^^^^^^ ^' H'aVinir ' placed ihe marines on the top of the ir/S which termed a ft-ng and advantagcou^^ noft iid Irft the command w h Mr. BUgli, giv ^ i '(.im tKe moft pof.tive direaions to aa entirely ^SlJfe^fivrrwent on board .he Difcovcry, on the detenuve, X w'^";.^ . pi„„vp the dan- m order to reprefent to Captain Gierke tne oan LousVuation of our affairs. A foon as I quitted 5^!TJ. Sr «^'.ves began to annoy our people reached the Ihip, niaiines. 1 tlfrc- forc the fpot, Ae natives began to i withiMesi aiidlbadf^^^^^^ heforcTtoirf^ tlic €rlng of he n ^ 7, up ( 2jf* ) '<■ Ti lUire returned inflantly oH * fliore, wfiirtf'l feund things growing every inornent more alsrtiriihg^ The natives were arming, and putting dh'thetr mats j and fheir numbers ihcrelfed very faft. -I c6«ld alfo perceive feyerjil large bod res mareMhg towards uis, along the cl ifts which iefi^a ^^ the iMllkge of ICa- kooa from: the nof Bi fidt of the b«y> whe?e iht vil- lage of Kowrowais Tituafted.^ ' - ' "^ They began, at fir{^, to ■ attack ' ufs i^ith ftofl», from liehind the walls of their inclbfiirii, aiid find- ing no refiftance on our part, the]^!b6rfgrew more daring. A few refolute feRt^wS hav'rt%' crept ilong the beach, under cover of tht^ r6i?kf,'f^den!y made their appearance at the fodt of th^ il^tf/, with & defign, as it 'eemed, of ftbrmttJg itijb tb^ fid;; ^> the fca, which was its only acc^fliWe part 5 and were not diflodged, tiH after they l?id-ll6od a cdnfi- derable number of fhot^ and feenone of their party tiii * W il The bravery of one of thefe aifaffattts well de» fervcs to be paftidul^fy itien******^ Pwliarfng^ -».s f . » y jt.-a^ ^*rry-iwrii^i^^a^ipgmciiv amidft the fire of our Whole party, a wound, which he received, made him quit the btidy and retire 5 but^ in a few minutes, he again appeared, and being again wounded, he was obliged a. lecqnd thiie to retreat. fcnti return the third time, bleeding and faint; 3nd ^tT A 'u'* ^' ^"^ TufFered to cariy oiF hii hlr'nT^^^^^^ ^"' j"^ ^^^<^ to perform, and then fell down himfelf, and expired. (Tiin. h ^'^'!^i"'l' ? ^'"["S reinforcemehtftDihboth Ihrps havmg landed, the natives retfeated behind them, that if they^wculd dcf,lUrKTS|^|fton J would '!<«( {233 ) I WOV1I4 n^*^ permit our men to fire. This truce was agreed to; and we were fufFered to launch the ma{(, an4 carry of the fails and our aitronomi- cal apparatus, unmolefted. As foon as we had quitted the Mafai, they took pofTeflion of it, and fome of them threw a few idones^ but without doing us any mifchief. It was half an hour paft eleven o'clock when I - got on board the Difcovery, where I found no deci- five plan had been adopted for our i^uture proceed- ings. The reftikitioa of the boat, and the reco- very of the body of Captain Cook were the objedts, vrhich, on all band:^,. we agreed to infift on ; and it was my opinion, .that fome vigorous (leps fhould be taken in cafe the demand of them was not im- mediately complied with. However, after mature deliberation, it was determined to.accomp)i(h thefe points by conciliatory meafureSf if poiUble. • Diiring the time w^ were thus engaged in con- certing fome plan for our future conduct, a prodi- gious concourfe of natives ftill kept pofleilioa of theihore; and^fome^^ of them came cfF in canoes^ and had the boldnefs to approach within piftol«-ihot of the (hips^ and to infult us by various marks of contempt and defiance. • It was with great difficulty Tspe could reftrain the failors from the uL of their ''ms on thefe occafions ; but as pacific meafures n^d been refolved^ on, the canoes were fuffered to return unmolefted. . In purfuance of this plan, It was determined^, that i. fliould proceed toward the (bore, with tl^e boats of both ihips well manned and armed, with ^ a view to bring the natives to a parley, and« if poffible, to obtain a conference with fome of t^e Chiefs, If this attempt fucceeded, I was to demand the dead bodies, and particularly that of Capuin Copl^; to threaten them with our vengeance in cafe of a re- X3 fuW ,P" I • ( 234 ) fofal ; but by n6 means to fire urtlefs atttcfced, and not to land on any account whatever. Thefe or- ders were delivered to me before the wh€}le party, and in the moft pofitive manner. I left the fhips about four o'clock ih the after- noon, and as we approached the fhorty I perceived c ery indfcation of a hoitile reception, fhe whoie crowd of natives was in motion ; the women and children retiring ; the men putting on their war mats, and arming themfclves with long fpear« and daggers. We alfo obferved, that, (iiidt the morn^ mg, they had thrown up "ftone breaft- works along the be:; ^ here Captain Cook had Jandted, proba- biy in ex^ ation of an attack' at that' plate; and as foon- as we were within reach,' they began to throw flones at us with flings, but without doing any mifchief. Concluding, therefore, that all at- tempts to bring them to a parley would 'be in vain, unlefs I firft gave them fome ground for mutual confidence, I ordered (he armed boats to ftop^ and went on in, the f mall boat alone, with a white flag In my hand, which, by a general cry of joy from the natives, I had the fatisfadlion to find was in* ilantly ^-.derftood. The women immediately re- turned from the fide of the hill, whither they had re- tired ; the men threw of their mats ; and all fat down together by the water fide^ extending their drms, and inviting me to come on fhore. Though this behavior was very expreffive of a friendly difpofition, yet I could not help entertain- ing fbme fufptctons of its fincerity. But when I faw Koah, wfth a boldnefs and ailurance altogether vnaccountable^ fwimmingofiT toward the host, with a white flag in his hand, I thought itnecefiary to return this mark of confidence, and therefore re- ceived him into the boat,, though armed } a cir- ciimilance which did not tend to leflen my fufpici- «iiil* loiuftconfciS) Ibadlofighmrbgured aaunf^- vouraWe I .j„ii«i I..IU . lUfNUlDpi { *3S ) VouraM« opinion of this man. The pi icfts had alvifajw told US| that hewas of a malicious difpofition, andno friend' of ours ; and the repented detections of hi? fraud and treachery, had convinced us of the truth of their repre^ ntations. Add to all this, jhe fhocking tranfadion of the morning, in which he was ken acting a principal part, made me feel the utmoft horror at finding myfelf fo near him ; and as he came up to me with feigned tears and embraced me, I was fo dfflruftful of his intentions, that I could not help taking hold of the point of the pahooahy which he held in his hand, and turning it from me. I told him, that # had come to defnand the body of Captain Cook, and to declare war againft them,, unlefs it was inftantly reflored. He ailured me this ihould be done as foon as poffible, and that he would go himfelf for that purpofe ; and after begging of me a piece of iron, with as much aAurance as ii nothing extraordinary had happened*, he leaped into the fea, and fwam aihore, calling out to his coun- trymen that we were all friends again. We waited near an hour with great anxiety for his return ; during- which time^ the reft of the boats had approached fo near the (hore^ as to enter into converAition with a party of the natives at fome diftance from us; by whom they were plainly given to underftand, that the body had been cut to piecer, and carried up the countty; but of this circum- ftance was not informed till our return to the (hips. I began- now toexprefs fome impatience at Koafar's delay, upon which the Chiefs prefied me exceed- ingly to come on (hore; afluring me, that if I would go myfelf to Tcrreeoboo, the body would certainly be reftored to me. When they found they could not prevail on me to land, they attempted, under a pretence of wifliing to converfe with more eafe, todfcoy wr boat aiiK)ng Tome iQckK, where they ( 436 ) tftey would have had it in their power to cut us off horn the reft. It was no difficult matter to fee trough thefe artifices ; and I was therefore ilrongly inclined to break off all further coinmunicatioii with them, when a Chief came to us, who was the particular friend of Captain Clerke, and of the officers of the Difcovery. He told us, he came fcom Terreeoboo, to acquaint us, that the body was carried up the country, tut that it fbould be brought to us the next morning. There appeared a great deal o£> ftnoeritv^ in his manner ; and being aiked if faetoM a falfehood, he hooked his two fore-fingers together, which is underftood amongil 'thefe iflanders as thefign of truth ; in thdufe of which they are very fcrupulous. As I was at a lofs in what manner to proceed^ I feiit Mr. Vancoiivef to acquaint Captain Clerke with all that had pafled ; that la^ opinion waS) they meant not to keep their word with us, and were fo far from being forry at what had happened, that, on the contrary, they were full of4ff»irits and cont* fidence on account of their late< fuGcefs,.aad fought only to gain time,. tiH theyxould contrive fome feheme for getting us into their power. Mr. Van^ couver came back with orders for me to return on board, having firft given the natives to underftand, that if the body was not brought the next morning, the town fhould be deftroyed. When they faw. that. we were going off, they endeavoured to provoke n us by the mofV infulting and contemptuous geflures. ootne of our people faid, they could diftinguifh feveral of the natives parading about in the clothes of our unfortunate comrades ; and among them, a Chief branJifhlng Captain Cook^s hanger, and a. woman holding the fcabbard. Indeed there can be no doubt but that our behaviour had gtven-them^a mean opinion of Our courage; for they could have but little notion pff the motives of humanity that directed it* . "^■■P mmm mmm ( m ) In confequence of the report I made to Ca(>t»tit Gierke, of what I conceived to be the prefent tem* per and difpofition of thefeiflanders, the mofV efFee- tual meafures were taken to guard againil any^ attack they might make in the night. Tlie boats weri» moored with top-chains ; additional fenttnels were pofted on both ihips ; and guard boats were Rationed to row round them, in order to prevent the natives from cutting the cables. During the night we ob^ ferved a prodigious number of lights on the hills^ which made fome of us imagine they were remov- ing their effects back into the country, in confe-* quenceof our threats. But 1 rather oeHeve them to have been the facriiices that were performing on account of the war* in which they imagined them- felves about to be engaged ; and mofl probably the bodies of our ilain countrymen were at that timt burning* We paflcd the night quietly, and early the next morning, Koahcame aloing-fide the Refolution with kave to prefent to me. I have mentioned before that I was fuppofed, by the natives, to b? the fon of Cap* fain Cook ; and as he in his life-time had always foffercd them to believe it, I was probably conh- dered A« the Chief after his death. As foon *as I came on deck, I xjueftioned him about the body; and on his returning me nothing but evafive an- fwers, I refiifcd to accept his prelents and was go- ing to difmift him with fome expreffions of anger and refentment, had not Captain Clerke, judging It beft at all events to keep up the appearance of friendfhip, thought it more proper that he {hould be treated with the ufual refped^. This treacherous fellow came frequently to us during the Courfe of the forenoon with feme trifling prefent or other, and as' I always obferved him eye- ine f 23« J fiig every part of the {hip with great attention, I took care heihouid fee we were well prepared for our defence. He was extremely urgent both with Captain Cleike and myfelf to go on (hore, laying all the blame of the detention of the body on- xkc other Chiefs ; and afiiiring us that every thing might be fettled to our fatisfa^on by aperfonal imerview with Terreeoboo. However, hiscondu^was too iufpicious to make it prudent to comply with his. requeft; and indeed a fa£t came afterward to our knowledge, which proved the entire falfehood of his firetenfions. For we were told, that, immediately after the action in which Captain Cook was killed, the old King had retired to a cave in the^eep part ef the mountain that hangs over the bay, which was acce£lble only by the help of ropes,, and where he remained for many days, having his vi£hials let down to him by coeds. When Ko ah returned fn na the (hips, we could lieiLcivc uiai mt vwwuv* ji>s«« -»u. U'%d~ h^as* «>l- leded by break of day in va. owds on the Oiore, thronged about him with ^.eat eagernefs; as^ if to learn the intelligence he had acquired, and what was to be done in confequence of it. |t is very probable that they expeiSted we (hould attempt to put our threats in execution, and they ieemed fully reiblVed to ftand their ground. During the whole morning, we heard cenchs blowing in diSerent parts «f the coaft ; large parties wtre &ai, maj;ching over the hiils ; and, in lliort, appearances were fp alarm* ing, that we carried out a ftceam anchor to enable us to haul the (hip abreafi of the town in cafe of an attack, and ftafioned boats off the north point •f the bay to prevent a ilirprife from that quarter. The breach of their engagement to r^ftore the bodies of the (lain, and the warlike pofture in which Ibey at this time appeared^ occafioncd^eih debates amofl^ft ( ^39 ) «inongft UJT concerning the meafures next to be pup*' fucd. It was at laft ifcovery, and promoted Mr. Har- -^'ey, a midihipman, who had been with Captain Cook in his ti^/o Jaft voyages, to the vacant Lieu- tenancy. tJD'4irifig the whole day we^net with no intemiptionrfrom the natives, and at night the launch was again nux>red with a top-chain, and guard-boats Rationed round both (hips as befof^. About eight o'clock, it being: very dark, a canee was heajad paddling toward tht (hip; and as foon as it was feen, /both tbefentinels on deck fired inta it. There were two pcrfons in the canoe, and they immediately roaised out ^^ %nnee^* (^. ^ !ch was the way in which they, pronounced my name) and faid they were fiiends, and bad fomething for me belonging to Captain Cook. When they came 4>n bosrd, they threw themfelves at our feet, and appeared exceedingly brightened. Luckily neithepof them was iiurt, notwithftandtng the balls of both pieces had gone through the canoe One of them was the perion whom I have before mentioned under ■the name of the Tah4^ man, who conftantly at- tended Captain Cook with the circumftances of ceremony I have already defcribed ; and who, though a man of iank in ^^and, , could fcarcely be hin- dered irom .perfomung for him the loweft ^offices of a menia] 4 ( 24X) ) ft menial ferVant. After lamenting, with abund- ance of tears, the lofs of the Orono^ he told us, that he had brought us a part of his body. He then prefented to us a fmall bundle wrapped up in <:Ioth, .which he brought under his arm ; and it is impofHble to defcribe the horror which feized us on binding in it a piece of human flefh,. ^oi^t nine or ten pounds weight. This, he faid, was all tl)at remained of the body ; that the reft was cut to pieces and burnt ; but that the head and all liie. bones, except what belonged to the trunk, were -in the podellion of Terreeoboo and the other Ettes ; thgt ivhat we faw had been allotted to Kaoo, the chief of the priefts, to be made ufe of in fome religious ceremony, and that he had fent it as a proof ^ his innoc'ce and attachment to us. This afforded an opportunity of informing our- ielves whether they were cannibals, and we did not neglc<5l it. We firft tried by many indirecEt quefti- ons, put to eacfk of them apart, to learn in what manner the reft of the bodies had beendifpofed of j and finding them very conftant in one ftory, that, after the flefh had been cut off, it was all burnt, "we at laft put the direct queftion. Whether they had not eat fome of it ? They immediately ibewed as much, horror at the ide;a ^s any European would have done ; and afked, very naturally, if that was the cuftom amongft us I They afterward afked us, with great earneftnefs and app^arent apprehenfion, •* When i^itOrono would come again, and what he would do to them on his return ?" The fame in- quiry was frequently made afterwards by others; and this idea agrees with the general tenour of dieir ct>ndu£l toward him, which mewed that they confi- dered him as a being of a Aiperior nature. We prefled our two friendly vifiters to remain on board till morning, but in vain. They told us, that if this trao&dioii ibould come to the know- ledge I ( 241 ) ledge of the King or Chiefs, It might be attended with the mod fatal confequences to their whole |p« ciety ) in order to prevent which, they haddJrn obliged to come off to us in the dark, and the ilme precaution would be ncceflaryin returning on ihore. They informed us farther, that the Chiefs were ea- ger to revenge the death of their counfrymen ; and particularly cautioned us againil trufting Koah, who, they faid, was our mortal and implacable ene- my, and deiired nothing more ardentiv than an op- portunity" of fighting us ; to which tne blowing of the conchs we had heard in the morning was meant as a challenge* We learned from thefe men that feventeen of their countrymen were killed in the firft af which is fecured by a fence of the fame kind. From behind both thefe defences the natives kept perpetually harrafling our wateiers with ftones ; nor could the fmall force we had on (hore, with the advantage of mufquets, compel them to retreat. ' In this expofed fituation, cur people were fo ta- ken up in attending to their own fafety, that they employed the whole forenoon in filling only onetoa of waiter. As it was therefore ia.poiTiblc to pcrfjL^rm this IV ( 245 ) this fcrvice, till their a/Tailants were driven to « greater diftance, the Difcovery was ordered to dif- lodgc them, with her great guns; which being ef- feSted by. a few difcharges, the men landed with- out moleftation. However, the natives foon after made their appearance again, in their ufual mode of aitack ; and it was nov/ found abfolutely neccf- fary to burn down feme flraggling houfes near the wall, behind which th-jy hud taken (helter. In ex- ecuting thefe orders, I am forry to add, that our, people were hurried into acls of unncceflary cruel- ty and devaflation. Something ought certainly to be allowed to their refenlrnent of the rep?ated infults- and contemptuous behavior, of the ifiander?, and to the natural defire of revenging the lefj^ of their Commander. But, at the fame timo, their con- duct ferved ftrongly to convince me, thai the utmolk precaution is neceflary in trufting, though but for a moment, the difcretionary ufe of arms,/ in the hands of private feamen^ or foldiefs^ on fuch oc- cafions. Their orders were only to burn a few ftraggline huts, which afforded (helter to the natives. We were therefore a good deal furprifed to fee the whole village on fire ; and before a boat, that was fent to; Hop the progrefs of the mifchief, could reach the fhore, the houfes of our old and conftant friends, the priclis, were all in fiames. I cannot enougli lameiu the illnefs, that confined me on board this day. The priells had always been'uuder my pro- tection I and,linluckily, the officers who were thei^ on duty, having ^)cen leldom on (hore at the Morat\ were not much acquainted with the circumftanccs of the place. Had I been prefent myfelf, I might probably have been the tneans of faving. their little ibcicty from deftruftion. Several of the natives were {hot, in making their cfcape from the flames^ and our people cut ofF the Y ^ hcadt ( 246 ) Pleads of two of them, and brought them on b«ard; ^he fate of one poor iflander was much lamented: by us alL As he was coming to the well for wa- ter, he was (hot at by one of j the marines. The ball flruck his calibafh, whichhe immediately threw from him and fled. He was purfufed into one of the cavesl.havebefpre, defcribed, and no lion could have defended, his den with greater courage and fiercenefs;. till at laft, after having kept two of our people at bay for a confiderable "time, he expired; covered with wounds. , It was this accident, that firrt brought us acquainted with the ufe of thefe ca- verns.. At this time,. an elderly:man was taken prifoner, bound, and fent on board in the fame boat with the heads of his two cauntrymen. I never faw hor- ror fo ftrongly pictured, as in the face of this man, nor fo violent a tranfition to extravagant joy, a» when he was untied, and told he might go away in f^fety. H^ fhcwed us he did not want gratitude, as he frequently afterward returned with prefents of provifions ; and alfo did us other fervices. Soon after the village was deflroyed, we faw, Coming down the hill, a man, attended by fifteen or twenty boys, holding pjcces of white cloth, green bcughs, plantains, «c. in their hands. I knew not how it happened, that this peaceful em- bafTy, as foon as they were wjthitj reach, received the fire of a party of our men. This, however,, ijid not ftop them. They continued their proceffion, «nu t^e officer on duty came up, in time, to pre- vent a fecond difchargc. As they approached nearer, it was found to be cur much*efteemed friend Kaireckea, who had fled on our firft fetting fire to the village, and had now returned, d'^i defired to be fcnt on board the Refolution. When he arrived, we found him exceedingly gniYC and thoughtfuk Wc eodcavourcd to make him Mm underftand the necefflty we were undet^ of fetiinj - fire to the village, by which his houfe, and thofe of his brethren, wer:e- unintentionally confumed. He cxppftulated a little with us on our want of fri?*ndfhip, and od our ingratitude. And, indeed,., it was not till now, that we learnt the whole extent of the injury we had done him. He told us, ^hat, ^ relying-pn the promifes I had niade them, and oil. the almrances they had afterwards received from the men, , who had brought us the remains of Captain Cpok, they had not removed their efFe6ls back into the country, with the reft of the inhabitantSj but had put every thing that was. valuable of their own, , as well as what they had collc£led from, us, into . a houfe clofc to the Morni^' where they had the ,^ mortification to fee it all feton fire by ourfdves. On coming on board, he had feen • the heads of . his countrymen, lying on the deck,' at which he was exceedingly fhocked, and defired, with great : earneftnefs^ that they might be thrown over-board, . This requeft Captain, Gierke inftantly ordered to be - complied with.- . In the evening^, fhe watering ^ y returned on. : board, having met with no farther interruption. We parted a gloomy night ;. the cries ai.u lamen- tations we heard on ihore bemg far more, uread* ful than ever. Our only confolation was, the hope that we fhpuld have no pccaHonj in future^ for a re- petion of fuch fev«rities. . ^ It is ^ very extraordinary^ that, amidft iill thcfe difturbances, the women of the ifland, who were on board, never off^ed to leave us, nor difcovered the fmalleft apprehenftonst either for themfelves or their friends afhpre. So entirely unconcerned did they appear, that fome of them, yvho were on deck when the town was in flames^ feemed to admire the fi^ht, and frequently, cried out^ that it was maltaif or very fine. , ' 4 : , ■ The. ( M ) - The next morning, Koah came ofF as ufual to the fhips. As there exifted no longer any neceflity for keeping terms with him, I was allowed to have my own way. When he approached toward the fide of the fhip, fmging his fong, and offering me a hog, and feme plaintains, I ordered him to keep off,, cautioning him never to appear again without Captain Cook's bones, left his life fhould pay the forfeit of his frequent breach of promife. He did not appear much mortified with this reception, but went immediately on (hore, and joined a party of his countrymen, who were pelting the watefers with ftoiies. The body of the young mail, who had been killed the day before, was found this morning, lying at the entrance of the cave j and fome of our people went, and threw a mat over it. Soop. after which they faw fome men car- rying him off on their fhoulders, and could hear them fmging, as they marched, a mournful fong. The natives being at laft convinced that it was not the want of ability to punifh them, which had hitherto made us tolerate their provocations, de- fifted from giving us any farther moleftation ; and, iti the evening, a Chief called Eappo, wiio had fel- do n vifited us, but whom we knew to be a man of the very firft confeqxience, came with prefents from Terreeoboo (o fue for peace. Thefe prefents were received, aud he was difmifled with the fame anfwcr which had before been given, that, until the remains of Captain Cook ihould be reflored, no nsacc would be grantee^. \V"e learned from this perfon, that the Aefli of all the bodies of qur peo- ple, together with the bones of the trunks, had been burnt J that the limb ^>oncs of the marines had been divided amongfl the inferior Chiefs ; and that thofe of Captain Cook had been difpofed of in the fol- lowing manner : the head, to a great Chief, called Kahoo-opeon, tiie hair to Maia-maia j and the legs, thighs, mi mm mmmmmmmmmm wmm ( 249 ) thighs, and arms, to Tcrreeoboo. After It was dark, many of the inhabitants came ofF with roots and other vegetables; and we alfo received two large prefents of the fame articles from Kaireekeea. The 19th was chiefly taken up in fending and receiving the meflages which pafled between Cap- tain Gierke and Terreeoboo. Eappo was very prefBng, that one of our officers fiiould go on fhore ; and, in the mean time, offered to remain iS an hof):age on board. This requef^, however, it was not thought proper to comply with j and he left us with a promife of bringing the bones next day. At the beach the waierers did not meet with the leaft oppofition from the natives; who, notwithftanding our cautious behavipur, came ambngfl us again^ without the fmalleft appearance of diffidence or ap- prehenfion. Early in the morning of the i^pth, we had the fa- tisfadion of getting the fore-maft flepped. It was an operation attended with great difficulty, and fome danger ; our ropes being fo extremely rotten, that the purchafe gave way feveral times. Between ten and eleven o'<:lock, we faw a great number of people defcending the hill, which is over the beach, m a kind of proceflion, each man car- rying a fugar-cane or two on his fhoulders, and bread-fruit, taro^ and plantains in his hand. They were preceded by two drummers ; who, when they came to the water-fide, fat down by a white flag, and began to beat their drums, while thofe who had followed them, advanced, one by one j and, hav- ing depofited the prefents they had brought, re- tired in the fame order. Soon after, Eappo came ia fight, in his long feathered cloak, bearing fome- thing with great folemnity in his hands ; and hav- ing placed himfelf on a rock, he made figns for a boat to be fent him« Captain CTaptam Gierke, conjecturing that he had brougEt the bones of Captain Cook» which proved ta be the fa6t, went himfelf in the pinnace to receive them ', and ordered me to attend him in the cutter. When we arrived at the beach, Eappo came into the pinnace, and delivered to the Captain the bones wrapped up in a large quantity of fine new tloth, and covered with a fpotced cloak of i)Iack and white feathers. He afterwards attended us to the Refo. lution, but could not ht prevailed upon to go on board; probably not chooftng, from a fenfif of de- cency, to be prefent at the opening of the bundle. We found in it both the hands of Captain Cook entire, which were well known fcons* a remarkable Icar onone of them, that divided the thumb from the fore- finger, the whole length of the metacarpal bone ; the fkull, but with the fcalp feparated from it, and the bones that form the face wanting ;^- the fcalp with the hair upon* it cut (hort, and ears ad* hiring to it ; the bones of both arms, with the fkin Off the fore-arms hanging to them ; the thigh and Jeg-bones joined together, but without the feet. The ligaments of the joints were entire ; and the whole bore evident marks of having been In the lire, except the hands, which had the flefh left upon them, and were cut in feireral places, and' crammed with fait, apparently* with an intention of 'preferving them. The fcalp had a cut in the back part of it,, but the fkull was free from any fra£lure. The lower jaw and feet, which were wanting, Eappo told us, had been feized by dif- ferent Chiefs, and that TerreeoboQ was ufing every means to recover them. -Th^ next morning, Eappo,^ and the King's fon, came on board, and brought vfith Um the remain- ing bones of Captain Cook, the barrels of his gun, his (hoes, and fome other trifles that belonged to hka, Eappo took great p^ins to convince us, that { as« ) (that Terreeoboo, Maiha-maiha, and himfelf, were moft heartily defirous of peace .^ that they had givea us the moft convincing proofs of it in their power i and that they had been jprevented from giving it Sooner, by the other Chiefs, many of whom were ftill our enemies. He lamented, with the greateft forrow, the death of .fix Chiefs we had killed, fome of whoriij he iaid, were amongft our beft friends^ The cutter, he told us, was taken away by Pareea's people ; very probably in revenge for the blow that had been givjeahim ; and thatlt had been broken up the next day. The 2 » s of the'marines, which we had alfo demanded^ he afltired us, had been car* j-ied off by the common people, and were irreco- verable ; the bones of ^the Chief alone having been preferved, as belonging to Terreeoboo and the Ereeu Nothing now remained, but to perform the lad: , ofHpes to our great and unfortunate Commander* .Eappo was difmii&d with orders to tethoi> all the bay ; and, in the afternoon, the bones having been put ir a coffin, and the fervice read over them, they were committed to the deep with the ufual military honours. What our fejlings were on this occafion^ I leave the world to conceive; thofe who were pre* fent know, that it is not in my power to exprefs them. During the after/ioon otHbhe 22d, not a canoe was feen paddling in the bav ; the tahoo^ whieh Eappo had laid on it the day before, at our requeft, not being yet taken off. At length Eappo came o^ to us. We aifiired him^ that we were now entirely fatlsfied ; ' and that, as the Orono was buried, .all remembrance of what had pafled was buried with bim. We afterwards defired him to take oS the iabooy aud to make it known, that the people might bring their provifionsas ufual. Theihips were fooa, furrounded with canoes, and many of the Chieft canne on bbard, exprefling great forrow at what had i^appenedj and their fatisfstdion at our recoDCiliatioi^ icvcr^t ! ( 25* ) Several of our friends, who did, not vifjt us, Cent (yrefentsoflarge hogs, and other pro^^ons. Amongil: the re(^, came the old treacherous Koah, but was refufed admittance. As we had nOw every thing ready for fca, about eight o'clock this evening we difmided all the na« tives i Eappo, and the friendly Kaireekeea, tuok an aiFe<5tionate leave of us. We immediately weighed, and ftood out of the bay. The natives were coN k6^ed on the (bore in great numbers ; zn6y as we pafled along, received our laft farewells with every mark of afFe^ion and good-will." i They got clear off the laud about ten on the iid ; and, hoifting in the boats, ftood to the ^forthward. In the afternoon of the 24th, the we&ther being calm, with light airs from the Weft, they ftood on to the North North Weft ; but at fun-fet, obferving a fhoal, ftretching from the Weft point of Mowee, to- ward the middle of the paflage, they tackedj and ftood toward the South. The South Weft fide of this ifland, which they now had -pa/Ted without oeing able to get near the Jhore> forms the fame diftant ^iew with the North Baft, as feen on their return from the Norths in No- vember 177&i : Captain Gierke detennined, without farther lofs of time, to proceed to Atooi. On the 28th, they bore away for that ifland, which they were in fight of by noon; a^d about fun-fet, were off its Eaftem extremity. ^ ^ ^ , , Tliey pafled the night in plying on and off^ and at Bine the next morning, came to an anchor in twenty- five fathoms water. They had no fooner anchored in their old 4ation| than- feveral canoes came along-fide of them; but ^ey could obferve, that they did hot welcome them With the fame cordiality in their manner|, and fatis- fi^on in their countenanced* as when they were here before. As Coon as they got on board, one of the men began to complain that they had Teft a diforder amongft their women, of which il^veral perfons of both lexes had died. Their principal objeft here was to water the (hips with the utmdft expedition ; and Captain King was fent on Ihore early in the afternoon. The gunner of the Refolution accompanied him to trade for provi- fions ; and they had a guard of five marines. They found a confiderable number of people collected upion the beach, who received them at firft with great kind- nefs ; but as foon as they had got the calks on ihore, began to be exceedingly troublefome. It was with great difficulty they were able to form a circle, ac- cording to the ufual praftice, for the convenience of the trading party ; and had no fooner done it, than they faw a man laying hold of the bayonet of one of the foldiers mufquets, and endeavouring with all his force, to wrench it out of his hand. On coming up to them, the native let go his hold aiid retired ; but returned in a moment, with a fpear in one hand,, and a dagger in the other ; and his countrymen had much ado to rellrain him fro'm trying his prowefs with tho fbldier. This fray was occafioned by the iatter's hav-^ ' iiig given the man a flight prick with his bayonet, in order to make him keep without the line. They now perceived, that their fituation required great circumfpeftlon and management ; the ftridleft orders were given ,1 that no one fhould fire, nor have recourfe to any other aft of violence, without pofi- tive commands. As foon as thefe directions were given. Captain King was called to the affiftance of the watering party, where he* found the natives equally inclined to mifchief. They had demanded from the people a large hatchet for every ca& of water ; and this not being complied with, they would not fuffer the failors to rojl them down to the boats. Captain King had no fconer joined them, than on& of the natives advanced up to him with great infor lence, and made the fame claim. He told him, that asafdcAd, he was very willing to prefent him with a Z hatchet^ N, r' ( *54 ) hatchet, but that he fhould certainly carry ofF the I water, without payfng ahy thing for it ; and imnie. diately ordered the pinnace men to proceed in their bufinefs, and called three marines from the traders to proted them, * j. This fhew of fpirit fuccceded fo far as to make die natives defift from any open attempt to interrupt them, yet they iHll continued to behave in the moll teafmg and provoking manner. Some of them, un- der pretence of affifting the men in rolling down the eaflcSy turned them out of their courfe, and gave them ^ wrong direction ; others were ftealing the hats from off the failors heads, pulling them backward by their clothes, or tripping up their heels ; the whole crowd, all this time, fhouting and laughing, with a ftrange mixture of childiihnefs and malice. Though they continued, for the moft part, to pay great deference arjdrcfpedl to Captain King, yet they did not fufFer him to efcape without contributing his fhare to their ftock of plunder. One of them came up to him wifh a familiar air, and with great management diverted his attention, whilfl another, wrenching the hanger, which he held carelefly in his hand, from him, ran off with it like lightning ; he was afterwards much alarmed by a ferjeant of marines, who informed him, that on turning quickly round, he faw a man behind him holding a dagger in the attitude of ftriking. It was in vain to think of repelling this infolence by force ; guarding therefore i-gainil its effefts, in the bell manner they were able, they had nothing to do but tofubmit patiently to it. While they were getting the cafks into the launch, th* ijatives, perceiving the opportunity of plundering wotild foon be over, became every moment more da- ring and infolent. On this occafion, the fame fer- jeant fuggelled, the advantage that would arife from fending off his party firft into the boats ; by which means, the mufquets of the foldiers, which, as has been already mentioned, were the objefts the illan- ders had principally in view, would be removed out •f their fcach ; and in cafe of an attack, the marines therofeives i Gif. it,'-' ( 255 thcmfclvcs might be employed more efFe^ually thaa if they were on ihore. They had now got every thirg into the boats, and only the gunner, a feaman of the boat's crew, and Captain King remained on fhore. As the pinnace lay beyond the furf through which we were obliged to fwim, the Captain told them to make the heft of their way to it, and that he fliould follow them. With this order he was furprifed to find them both refufe to comply, and the confequence was a conteil amongft them who Ihould be the lad on ihore. ' It feems, that fome hafty words tjie Captain had juft before ufed to the failor, which he thought reflefted on his courage, was the caufe of this odd fancy in him; and the old gunner, finding a point of honour ftarted, thought he could not well avoid taking a part in it. In this ridiculous fituation they might hive re.- mained fome time, had not the difpute been foon fettled by the Hones that began to fly about them, and by the cries of the people from the boats to make hafte, as the natives were following them into the water with clubs and fpears. Captain King reached the fide of the pinnace firll, and finding the gunner was at fome dillancc behind, and not yet entirely out of danger, he called out to the marines to fire one mufquet, Jn the hurry of executing his orders they fired two ; and when he got into the boat, he faw the natives running away, and one man, with a woman fitting by him, left behind on the beach. The man made leveral at* tempts to rife, without being able ; and it was with much regret, he found he was wounded in the groin. The natives foon after returned and furrounded. the wounded man, brandilhing their fpears and daggersi with an air of threatening and defiance ; but before the people hid all reached the ftiips they faw fome perfons whom they ftippofedtobe Chiefsjiow arrived^' driving them ^way fr )m the ihore. During their abfence. Captain Clerke had been under the greatcft anxiety for their fafety. And thelip*' apprehenfions y/^^re qonfiderahly increaf©cl| troin,-hijS- havijig entirely miftaken the drift of the converfatiori hehadkeld with fome natives who had been on board. „ Z2 The ( ^5fi ) TMeUwxent' mention of the n?ime of CapUin Cook, with, other ftrong and circumftantial dcicriptions of d^^th and dcftruftion, made him conclude, that the knpwiedge of the unfortunate events at Owhyhee had reached them, knd that thefe were what they alluded to ; whereas aU they had in view was to make known fo him the wars that had arifcn, in confeijuence of the goats that Captain Cook had left at Oneeheow, ^^d. t^e flaughter of thp poor goats themfclves, du- ring the ftruggle for the property of them. Captain Clerke, applying this earnellnefs of Converiation, and thcfe terrible rcprefentations, to our calamitous tranf- a^iions at Owhyhee, and to an indication of revenge, kept his telcfcopc fixed upon us, and the momeiit he faw the fmoke of the mufquets, ordered the boats to \>e armed and put oflF to our afliHance. The next morning* March 2, they went again on ihore with the watering party. Thfe rilk they had run the preceding day, determined Captain Clerke to fend a conil(7erable force from both fhips for their guards amountidg in all to forty men under r.rms. This precaution however, was now unneceffai/ ^or they found the beach left entirely to themfelves, and the ground between the landing place and the lake tubooe^ with fmall white flags. They concluded from this appearance, that fomeof the Chiefs had certainly vifited this quarter ; and that, not being able to fta^, they had kindly and confiderately taken this ftep for their greater fecurity and convenience. They faw feveral men armed with long fpears and daggers on the other fide of the river on the right, but they did not oiFer to give them the leaft moleftation. . Their women came ovtf and fat down on the banks clofe by them, and at no8 were always plentifully fupplied. Zj Off ( »5« > OS this part. of the coaft they cotld find no ground^ at lefs than a cable's length from the Ihore, with a hundred and fixty fathoms of Jine, excepting in a fmall bight to the Eaftward of the South point. The number of dogs in thefe iflands did not ap- pear to be nearly equals in proportion, to thofe in Otaheite. But on the other hand, they abound much more in hogs ; and the breed is of a larger and weigh- tier kind. The fupply of provifions of this kind, which was got from them, was really altoniihing. The fhips were almoft four months either cruiiing off the coaft, or in harbour at Owhyhee. During all this time, a large allowance of frem pork was conftantly ferved to both crews ; fb that their confumption was computed at about fixty puncheons of five hundred weight each. Befides this, and the incredible wafte i^rhich, in the midlt of fuch plenty, was not to be guarded againft, fixty puncheons more were falted for fea ftorc. The greateft part of this fupply was drawn from the iiland of Owhyhee alone, and yet we could not perceive that it was at all drained, or €«ren that the abundance had any way decreaibd. The birds of this ifland are both numerous and beautiful ; there are four particularly fo, which feem to belong to the trochili, or honey- fuckers of Linnaeus, one of which is fomething larger than a bullfinch ; its colour is a fine gloify black, the rump-vent and thiglis a deep yellow. It is called by the natives hooboo. Another is of an exceeding bright fcarlet colour; the wings black, and edged with white ; and the tail black ; its native name is eeeeve* A third, which feems to be either a young bird, or a variety of the foregoing, is variegated with red, brown, and yellow. The fourth is entirely green, with a tinge of yttUow, and is called akaiearooa* Tiiere is a fpe- cies of thrufh, with a grey breaft ; and a fmall bird of the flycatcher kind ; a rail, wit'' very (hort wings and no tail, which on that account, we named raliusecau- dotus. Ravens are fouad here, but they are very feared. -,'w\i) meiUc t)iEces, with a willingnefs that does credit tio their feelings. , It maftj however, be obferved, that they fall very ihort of the other iflanders, in that beft tefl of civiliza-» tion, the refped paid to the women. rHerc they are not only deprived of the privilege of eating with the men, but the beft forts of food zxt tabooed, or forbidden them. They are not allowed to eat pork, turtle, fcve- ral kinds of iiih, and feme fpecies of the plantains>; and it was faid that a poor girl got a terrible beating, for having eaten, on board our ihip, one of theft in* terdi£led articles. In juftice to the fex, it muftbe obferved, that thofe ladies "who admitted familiarities with our Men wese prrge, anil the many expedients they had invented, even before the fliips left the iflands, for working the iron the|r had procured from the crews, into fuch forms ^as wc*fe beft adapted to their purpofes, were ftrong proofs ;cf docility and ingenuity. i* -t They met with two inftances of perfons difordered in their minds ; the one, a man at Owhyhee, the other, a woman of Oneeheow. It appeard, from tht particular attention and refpeft paid to them, that the opinion of their being infpired by the divinity, which obtains among moft oS the nations of the Eaft, is alio received here. The inhabitants of thefe iflands diiFer from thofe of the Friendly Iflet, in fuftering, almoft univer* fally, their beards to grow. There were indeed a few, amongft whom was the old King, that cut it off entirely, and others that wore it only upon th« upper lip. Both fexes wear necklaces made of ftrings of fmall Variegated (hells ; and an ornament, in the form of the handle of a cup, about two inches long, and half an incK broad, made of wood, ftone, or ivory, finely poliflied^^ which is hung about the neck bjufine threads of twiited h4ir. 0^- V ( 262 ) Ibair, double Tome times an hundred fold. Inftead cf this ornament, feme of them wear on their bread a fmaH human figui'e made of bone, fufpended in the fame manner. The cuftom of taftonving the body, they have in com- . mon with the reft of the natives of the South Sea Iflands ; but it is only at New Zealand and the Sandwich Iflands, that they tattow the face. The^ have a lingular cuftom amongft them, the meannig of which they could not difcover, that of tattoijoing the tip of the tongues of the females. The drefs of the men generally confifts only of a 'piece of thick cloth called the maro, about xen or twelve inches broad, which they pafs betw-eeh the %?, and tie round the waift. This is the common di^fj of all ranks of people. But they h:tve anotheri ap- propriated to their Chiefs, and ukd on ceremonious occaiions, tonftfting of a feathered cloak and helmet, which, in point of beauty and magnificence, is per- ?aps nearly equal to that of any nation in the w®rld. flcfe cloaks are made of different lengths, in pro- |K>rtion to the rank of the wearer, fome of them reaching no lower than the middle, others trailing on the ground. The common drefs of the women bears a clofe rc- femblance to that of the mew. They wrap round the waift a piece of cloth that reaches half way down the thighs, and fometimes, in the cool of the evening, they appeared with loofe pieces of fine cloth thrown over their (boulders, like the women of Otaheite. The pau is another drefs very frequently worn by the youngpr part of the fex. It is made of the thinneft and fineft fort of cloth, wrapt feveral times round the waift, and defcending to the leg, fo as to have the ap- pearance of a full fhort petticoat. Their necklaces are made of fhells, or of a hard, Ihining, red berry. Befides which, they wear wreaths of dried flowers of an Indian mallow ; and another beautiful ornament, called eraie, which is generally put about the neck, but is fometimes tied like a. gar- " land round the hair, and fomctimc* worn in both th(*4e :^ { 263 ; thefe ways at once. It is a rufF of the thicknefs of ^ finger, made in a curious manner of exceedingly fmall feathers, woven fo clofe together, as to form a fur- face as fmooth as that of the richell velvet. The ground was generally of a red colour, with alternate circles of green, yellow, and black. / The food of the lower clafs of people confifts prin-' cipally of filh and vegetables ; fuch as yams, fweet- potatoes, tarrow, plaintains, fugar-canes, and bread- fruit. To thefe, the people of a higher rank add the fleih of hogs iind dogs, drefTed in the fame manner as at the Society Iflands. They alfo eat fowls of the fame domeflic kind with ours ; but they are neither plentiful, nor much efteemed by them. Their fifh they fait, and preferve in gourd-lhells ; not, as we at firll imagined, for the purpofe of providing againft any temporary fcarcity, but from the preference they give to failed meats. For we alfo found that the Mrees ufed to pickle pieces of pork in the fame man- . ner, and efleemed it a great delicacy. They are exceedingly cleanly at their meals ; and their mode of dreffing both their animal and vegetable , food, was univerfally allowed to be greatly fuperior t to ours. The Chiefs conftantly begin their »neal with a doze of the extrad of pepper-root, brewed after the ufual manner. The women eat a part from the men, and are tabooedy ox forbidden, as has been already mentioned, the ufe of pork, turtle, and particular kinds of plantains. The way of fpending their time appears to be vc.y fimple, and to admit of little variety. They rife with the fun ; and after enjoying the cool of the evening, retire to reft a few hours after fun-fet. The making of canoes and mats forms the occupations of the Erees ; the women are employed in maniffafturing cloth, and the Tonvtows are principally engaged in the phnta- tions and fifliing. Their mufic is of a rude kind, having neither flute* iior reeds, norinilruments of any other fort, that we faw, except drums of various fizes. But their fongs, which they fun)? in parts, and accompany with a gen- -«*»■ ( ««4 ) tie motion of the arms, in the fame manner as the Friendly Iflanders, had a very pleafing effed. Swimming is not only a neceifary art, in which both their men and women are more expert than any people we had hitherto feen, but a favourite diverfion amongft them. One particular mode, in which they foroetimes amufed themfelves with this exercife in Karakahooa Bay, appeared moft perilous and extra- ordinary, and well deferving a diftin^ relation. The furf, which breaks on the coaft round the bay, extends to the diftance of about one hundred and fifty jTards from the (hore, within which {pace, the furges of the fea, accumulating from the inallownefs of the water, are daihed againft the beach with prodigious violence. Whenever, from ftormy weather, or any extraordinary fwell at fea, the impetuolity of the furf is increafed to its utmoft height, they choofc that time for this amufement, which is performed in the following manner : Twenty or thirty of the natives, taking each a narrow board rounded at the ends, fet out together from the (hore. The firft wave they meet they plunge under, and fufFering it to roll over them, rife again beyond it, and make the beft of their way, by fwimming out into the fea. ^ The fecond wave is encountered in the fame manner with the firft ,* the great diiHcuIty coniifting in feizing the proper mo- ment of diving under it, which, if mifled, the per- fon is caught by the furf, and driven back again with great violence ; and all his dexterity is then required to prevent himfelf from being dafhed againft the rocks. As foon as they have gained, by thefe repeated efforts, the fmooth water beyond the furf, they lay themfelves at length on their board, and prepare for their rtr- turn. The coaiV being guarded by a chain of rocks, with, here and there, a Imall opening between them, they are obliged to lleer their board through one of thefe, or, in cafe of failure, to quit it before they rtach the rocks, and plunging under the wave, make the beft of their way back again. This is reckoned very difgraceful, and is alfb attended with the lofs of the board, which has been often (ecn with great tex- fi. nirdaftiod to pieces, at thfe very ihortenft the rftkritter cjaittcait. Theljoldnefs and add^s WitH v^/Mch We law thein per fprni' thefe diffiicult atid dang^rd/ii^ ma- noeuvres, was -akogether aftonifhifig, and Wrda^ctiy to^be iCrcditedv ' ' ' " ..iAn accident, of Whicii they wdfc a rieai* fpeiajiVdf,^ Ihews at h©w darly a * period they are fo fkr familiarl2?ejd to the water, as both to Ix)fr aH fears of if, ^lid to* £et its dangers at defiance. A canoe beifng over-ftit^ in which- was a Woman with her children, on'c of theni ' an infant, who, was not mdre that! fbiir ye^rs 6tdp feemed .highly delighted with what ha?d haj^p^n'ed, fwimfrting about at its cafe, and playing a hundred tricks, till the canoe was piittorightis again. Be fides, the amufemerits already mentioned, the young children have one, which was much played at, and fiiewed no fmall degree of dexterity. They take alhort ftick, with a pfeg Iharpened at both ends, funning through one extiemity of it, arid extendi noj about art inch' on each fide ; and throwing up a. baU made of green leaves moulded together, and fecured! with twine, they catch it on the point of the peg ;, and immediately throwing it up again fVorh the peg, they turn the Mck round, and thus keep catching it on each peg alternately, without miffing it, for a coh- fiderabld time. They are not lefs expert at another game of the fame nature, tofling up in the air, and catching-, in their turns, a numoer of thefe balls ; fo that We freijucntly faw little children thus keep in motion five at £ tmie. With this la'tti^r play the young people likewife divert themfelves at the Friendly Illandfi. TheJr mats are made of the leaves of the /^^^''^w/;; and, as well as their of.pearI« Inme, or wood* pointed and barbed with fmall bones, or tortoife-fllelL They are of variout fixes and forms ; but the moil common ^ are about three inches long. ConfideriBjg^ the materials of which thefe hooks are made, tkeir ftrength and neatnefs are really aftonifh. tng ; a^d« in fafl, they are found, upon trial, much fuperior to thofe ufed in thefe parts of the Globe. The line which they ufe for iiftiing, for making nets, and for other domeftic purpofes, is of different degrees of finenefs, and is made of the bark of the ituta, or cloth tree, neatly and evenly twifted. The gourds which grow to to enormous a fize, that (bme of them are capable of containing from ten to twelve gallons, are applied ta all manner of domefHc purpofes ; and in order to fit them the better to their refpeftive ufes, they have the ingenuity to give them different forms, by tying bandages round them during theii* growth. Thus, fome of them are of a long, Cylindrical form, others are of a dilh form, and ferve to hold their fait provifions, their puddings, vegeta- hies, &c. which two forts have neat clofe covers, made likewlfe of the gourd ; others aeain are^xadlly the fhape of a bottle with a long neck, and in thefe they keep their water. The Chiefs exercife their power over one another in the moft haughty and oppreffive manner. Of this, the following is a ftrikinff inilance : A Chief of the lower order had behaved with great^ivility to one of the ofHcers ; and, in return, he was carried on board and introduced to Captain Cook, who invited him to dine. While they were a*- table, Pareea, who was Chief of a fuperior order, entered, whofe face but too plainly manifelled his indignation, at feeing his inferior in fo honourable a fltuation. He imme- diately feized him by the hair of the head, and Was proceeding to drag him out of the cabin, when the Captain interfered ; and after a deal of altercation, all the indulgence that could be obtained without comins to a quarrel with Pareea, was, that he ihould ht fuf- ( .*67 ) ftrtd to remaiiiy being Tea ted upon the tioor, w1iil({ Pareea filled his place at the table. ^ In a bay to the Soutl^ward of Karakakooa, apartyof OfBcen were condu^d to a large houfe, in which they fottml the black figure of a man^ refting on hit lingers and toes, with his head inclined backward ; the Umbs well formed and exa^y pfoportioned, and the whole beautifuHy polilhed'. Human facrifices are more frequent here, according to the' account of the natives themfelves, than in any other idands they vifited. Thefe horrid rites are not only had recourfe to upon the commencement of war, and preceding great battles, and other fignal enteri prifes ; but the death of any condderable Chief calls for a facrifice of one or more Towttnus, according^ to his rank ; and they were told, that ten men were de- fiined to fuiFer on the death of Terreeoboo. To this clafs of their cuftoms may alio be referreid that of knocking out their fore-teeth, as a propitia* tory facrifice to the Eat 09a, to avert any danger or mif-^ thief to which they might be expofed* " X ■ f .,1 A a2 FAR^r { »6i ) \ PART VI. and LAS t, Xraiffaiiiofts during thi Second Expuditim to tbi Norths by the Way of Kamifihatka ; nnd on the Return home^ by the Way of Canton^ and the Cope §f Good Hope^from March 1 779, to jiuguft 17^0. ON the 1 5th of Mai*ct> tjijsy weigKed ancHoj, and ftood on ta the South Weft. On tl>e 2.jd tho wind, which had been pioderate for fome time, frcih^ ?ned and increafcd to ^ ftrong gale, which fplit fome pf their i'ail^, ^nd jnade th,e running rigging vtry Crequen,tly giyew^y.. This g%lc la^l«;d twel ye. hours; it then became nipr^e m^derf^te* 9^Vi^ contiuuf^d ib till the 25 th at npQn, when they entirely loft it^ and had only a very liglvtair. - On the 3Pt)), the winds :^nd unfettled ftate of tht weather induced Captain Clerke to alter hb plan, and at fix in the evening, they began to fteer North Weft, which they continued till the 6th of April, when they loft the trade wind. The fine weather they met with between the tropics, had not been idly ipent. The carpenters found fufficient employment in repair- ing the bjat.s The bcft bower cable had been fo much damaged that they were obliged to cut forty fa- thoms from it. The airing of fails and other ftores, which, from the leakinefs Oi* the decks and fides of the ihips, were pepetually fubjedl to be wet, had now become a troublefome part of their duty. For fome time paft, even the operation of mending the failors old jackets had rifen into a duty both of difficulty and importance. It may be neceftary to in- form thofe who are unacquainted with the habits of feumen, that they are (o accuftomed in ftiips of war to be dire6l€d in the care of themfelvea by their officers, sthat they lofe the veiy idea of fore-fight, and con- trad the thoughtleffnefs of infants. If thefe people kad been left to their own difcretion alone, the whole «%■ { 269 ) whole crew would have been naked, before the voya^ie had been half finiihed. It was natural to expert, that their experience, during the voyage to the North laK year,^ would have made them fenfible of the neceflity cf paying fome attention to thefe matters ; but if fuch reflexions ever occurred to them, their impreflion •was fo tranfitory, that^ upon returning to the tropi- cal climates, their fur jackets, and the reft of their cold country clothes, were kicked about the decks as things of no value; though it was known> in both ijiips, that they were to make another voyage toi^ ari the pole; They were, of courfe, picked up by th« 'officers ; and, being put intocafks, reftoredaoout this- time to the owners. In the afternoon, they obferved fome of the flieath- iflg floating by the fliip; and, on examination, found, that twelve or fourteen feet had been waihed off fromi under the larboard-bow, where the leak was fuppofedt to have been ; which> everfmce leaving the Sandwich' Iflands, had kept the people almoft conftantly at the: pumps, making twelve inches waten an hour.. But,, as they had always been able to keep it under with, the hand-pumps, it gave them no great uneaflnefsj^. till the r3'th, about «x in the afternoon, when they were greatly alarmed by a fudden inundattonv thaft. deluged the whole fpace betwen deck^.. The- water, which had lodged in t^e coal-hole, not finding a fuf- itcent vent into the well, had forced up the platforma •ver it, and in- a moment fet every thing afloat.. Their fituation was indeed exceedingly diftrefling';; nor did they immediately fee any means of relief; At: laft- they thought of cutting a hole through the Bullc head that fcparated the coal-hole from the fore-hol«^ and by that means to make a paffage for the body of" water into the w«ll. As foon as apaflagc was made^ th^ greateft part ef the water emptied itfelf into the well, and enabled them to get out the reft with buck- ets... But the leak was now fo much incrcafed,. that they were obliged to keep one half of the people- eenftantly pumping and baking, till the noon' of the: 15 th* The men bore, with great cheerfulnefs, this> A a i cxccflivti V r ( 170 ) excefiive fatigue, which was much IncrcAf^^d by their having no dry place to fleep in ; and, on this ac- count, they had their full allowance of grog. The weather now became more moderate, and .thev were eivabled to clear away the reil of the cafks, ana to open a p;^iEige for the water to the pumps. The iudden alteration froi^i the .fultry heat which they experienced the bcgiahing.of this month to the extreme cold which they now felt, was attended wiih great inconvenience to them. On the 18th, thev had a bri/k gale that fplit almoU all the fails. To add to their difficulties, the fea was in general fo rough, and the Ihips fo leaky, that the f. il-makcrs h,id no place to repair Uie ikils ip, pxcept Captain Clerk's apartments. Which in his declining ftaie of health, was a ferious inconvenience to him. In the afternoon of the 21ft, they faw a whale and a land-bird; and in the afternoon,- the w&ter looking maddy, they founded, but got no grpund with an hundred and forty fathom? of line. r) .:' On the 2 2d, the cold v/as exceedingly feyere, and the ropes wore fo frozen, that it was Av.ith difficulty they c )uld /brce them through the blocks. Uii the 2!?d, at iix in the morning, the land ap. I^earcd in mountains covered With fnow, and extend- ing from North three quarters Eaft to South Weil, a hi^h conical rock, bearing South Well three quarters Wcf?, at three or four leagues diftance. The whole fc/jne was entirely covered «witlx fnow, except theiides of fome of the cliiFs, wliich rofe top abruptly, from the fea fqr the fnow to lie upon them. From tie 24th till the 28th, the ftiip appeared to be a complete mafs of ice ; the fhrowds were fo incrufted •with It, as to meafure in circumference more than duble their ufualfize; and, in Ihort, the experience of the oldeil feaman among us had never met with any thing like the continued fliowers of fleet, and the extreme cold which they nOw encountered. Some ot the crew were frofl-bitten, and others laid up with bad colds. Here they loil fight of the Pifcovery ; but, as they ( ^7' •) they wertf now ib hear the place of rendezvous, tlvlf gave them no great aneafinefs. ' On the' x8th in the morning* the weather at latr cleared, and the wind fell to a light breeze from tine fame qxtarcer as before. About ; three iti the after.- noon, a fair wind fprung up from the Southward, with which jwe . ftooa Jn for iAwatika Bay. On the NoEth head there is a look*out houfe, which, when the Ruflians expeft any of .their (hips upon thecoaft> is ufed as a light-houfe. There was a flag-llift' on it-; but they faw nofignof any perfon being there.. Having pafled the mouth of the bay, which is about four miles long, th^ opened a lauge circular bafon 4)f twenty.fiire miles in circumference; and at half pafl four, came to on anchor . in fix fathoms water. Great flocks of wild-fov/1 w^re feen of variuu.s fpe- ciesf; like wife ravens, eagles, and large flights of Greenland pigions. They examined every corner of the bay with glaffcs, in i^earch of the town of St. Peter and St. f^ul; which^ according to the accounts given at.Oonarlaika, they had conceived to be a place of fome .ftfcngth' and confidcration. At lengtk thgy difcovered a .few miferable houfes and fome .conical huts, caifedjon poles, amoiunting in alLto about thii*- ty; which, from their fituation, notavichllanding all the refpe£l they wiihed .to entertain for a R nflian ofirci, .or town, they were under the neceflity cf concluding to be Petropaulowfka. Hiewever, in juttice to the genenous and horfpitaWe tteaitment they found here, thrir difappointmfent proved to be more of a.langha- able ttsan a;ferioua nature. I^or in this wretdircd ex- tremity /df- the earth, barricaded with ice, and co- vered with fummer fnow, it\ a pooi- miferable port, they met. with feelings of humanit)', joined to a greatnefs of mind, which would have done honour to any nation >Qr climate. During die niglit much ice drifted with the tide, and at day light. Captain King was fent with the boats to examinfiithe bay, and deliver the letters they had brought from Oonalaflika to the Ruffian Com- mander. Having proceeded as far as they were able v/ith (H t 27* > witli tlie boats»^ they got upon the ice, which extended wear half a mile n-om the fhore; The inhabitants had not yet feen cither the (hip or the boats; for even after they had got on the ice, they cottld not perceive any figns of a living creature in the town* They funk at every ftep almoll knee deep in the fnow, and though they found tolerable f joting at the- bottom^ yet the weak parts of the ica not being difcoverable, they were conftantly expofed to the 1-1&- of breaking through it. This accident at kft aftuaily happened to Captain King; for ftep- ping on quickly over a fufpicious fpot, in order to prefs with lefs weight upon it, he came upon a fc- cond before he could flop hijnfelf, which broke unv der him, and in he felL Lucidly, he rofc clear of the ice ^ and a man that was a little way behind with a boat-hosk throwing it out,, he* by that means .was enabled to get upon firm, ice againv When they were within a quarter of a mile of the ejirogy they perceived a body of armed men march- ing towards them. The officer who commanded them halted within a few yards of them, and drew up his men in a martial and good ordep. IfmyloiFV letters were delivered to him, and Captain King en- deavoured to make him underftand, as well as he- . could, that they were Engliih, and had brought them papers from Oonalaihka. He then began to conduct, them towards the village*: Though he was all this time in his wet clothes ihivering with cold, yet it was, he fays, impoffible not to be diverted with this military parade. At length they arrived at the hdufe of the Command- , ing Officer of the party , into which they were uihered ; and after no fmalf ftir in giving; orders, and difporing of the military without doors, their hoft made his appearance. One of IfmylofPs letters was now open- , cd, and the other ftnt off,' by a fpecial meffenger, to Belcheretflc, a town on the Weft fide of the penln- &la of Kamtfchatka, where the Ruffian Commander •£ this province ufually lelidf s.s ( 273 ) A.' It now appeared, that the panic with which the difcovcry had llruck them, had been very confi- derable* The garrifon was immediately put under arms. Two fmall field pieces were placed at the entrance of the Commander's houfe, and pointed to- ward the boats; and ihot, powder, and lijjhted matches, were all ready at hard. The officer, in whofc houfe they were entertained, was a Serjeant, and the Commander of the oftrog* Nothing could efJcceed the kindnefs and hofpkality of his behaviour, after he had recovered from the alarm occafioned by their arrival. After Captain King had changed his clothes, vhich the Serjeant's civility en- abled l.i.n to do, they were invited^to fit down to din- ner. As there was not time to prepare foup and bomliit they had in: their Aead fome cold beef fliced, with hot water poured over it. They had next a large bird roalled, of a fpecies with which they were unac- quainted, but of a very excellent taftc. After having eaten a part of this, it was taken off, and they were j;*ved v/lth fiih drcifed two different. waya. Their Yu quor was of the kind called by the Ruffians ^uafst an«l WJiS'WtK^h the worfe part of th^ entertaiitment. As there was unfortunately no one in the place thatconfd talk any other language except Ruffian or Kamtfcha- dale, they found theutmoil difficulty in comprehend- ing the information meant to be conveyed to them. They conceived the amount of the intelligence to be, ihat they could have fuppUes at Bolcheretik, but not where they were. It was now time for them to take their leave ; and t fledge, drawn by five dogs, with a driver, was im- mediately provided for each party. The failors were highly delighted with this mode of conveyaiice; and what diverted them ftill more was, that the two boat- hooks had alfo a iledge appropriated to themfelves. Theie fledges are fo light, thatthey went with great 3xpediti6ni and peifed fafety, over the ice, which, it would have .been impoffible for them, with all their ^atition, to have paflfed on foot. ^! i ( *74 ) On their return, they found the botts towing the iiip toward the village; and, at feven thcy>got clofc to the ice, and moored^ Next morning the carpen- ters were fet to work to Hop the leak, vvhich had given fomuch trouble during the laid run. While they were abfent, feveral of the fhips companies went a fliooting, but they had indifferent fuccefs ; though the bay fwarmed with flocks of ducks of various kinds, and Greenland pigeons, yet they were To ftiy, that they did not kill any. In th« morning of the ill of May, feeing the Dif- eovery ftanding into the bay, a boat was immediately fent to her affiftance; and in the afternoon fhe moor- ed clofe by the Rcfplution. Bolcheretik, by the ufual route, is about one hun- dred and thirty-five Englilh miles from St. Peter and St. Paul's. The difpatdici were fent of in a fledge ^I'awn by dogs, on the 29th, about noon. And the anfwer arrived on the fecond of May; fo that they were only a little more than three days and a half in performing a journey of two hundred and feveni| odles. The retnm of the Commander's ^r:fwer wa9> how* ever, concealed for the prefent. About ten o'clock in the forenoon, they faw fe. teral fledges driving down the edge of the ice, and ient a boat to cendu£t the peribns who were in them on board. One of thefe was a Ruffian merchant from Bolcheretfk, named Fedofltfch^ and the other ft German, called Port^ who had brought a letter from Major Behm, the Commandes of Kanitichatka^ to Captain Clerke* They afterwardf founds that JfmylofF, in his letter to ihjs Commander,, had mifre- prefented them, for what reaf<»ns they could not con» ceive. Notwithftanding this information an oncemmon degree of fatisfadion was viflUe in their countenaH'^ ,ces, on the German's finding a perfon on board with whom he could converfe. This was Mr. Webber, who fpoke that language exceedingly well. Mr^ Port being introduced to Captain cTerke* delivered 19 him the Commander'3 letter^ which was written in German^, ( 27i ) German, inviting him and his officers to Bolcheretflt. Mr. Port, at the lame time, acquainted him, that the Major had conceived a very wrong idea of the fize of the (hips, and of the fervice they were engaged in ; IfymtofF, in his letter, having reprefented them as two fmall Englifli paccjuet boats, and cautioned him to be on his guard ; mfinuating, that he fufpeded them to be no better than pirates. In confequencc of this letter, he faid, there had been various con« jeflures formed about them at Bolcheretik. They were much diverted with the fears and appre- henfiens of thcfe good people. Being now enabled to converfe with the RuiTians, by the aid of an interpreter, the firft inquiries were direded to the means of procuring a fupply of frefh provifions, and naval ftores. On inquiry, it appear* cd that the whole ftock of live cattle, which the country" about rhc bay could furnilh, amounted only to two heifers ; and thefe the ferjeant very readily promifed to procure. Their applications werenext'made to the merchant, but the terms, which he offered were fo exorbitant, that Captain Gierke thought it ne- ce/Tary to fend in officer to vifitthe Commander at Bol- cheretflc, and to inquire into the price of ilores at that place. Captain Gierke having thought proper to fix on Mr. King for this bufmefs received orders, together with Mr, Webber, who was to accompany him as an interpreter, to be ready to fet out the next day. Captain Gore was now added to the party, and they were attended by Mcflrs. Port and Fcdofitfch, with two colTacks, and were provided, by their conduflers, with warm furred clothing ; a precaution which they found very ncceffary. They were pulhed forward by fix men, with lonj poles, for ten hours. The fatigue they had undergone obliged them to give up all thoughts of continuing their journey that evening. They fet out as foon as it was light, in the morn- ing, ^nd had not advanced far, before they were met by ihc T^ion, or Chief of Karitchin, who had been a^ri£e4 II / 1 ( «7^ ) apprized of their coming, and had provided' canoei that were lighfer, and better contrived for navigating the higher parts of the river, A commodious veffel confifting of two canoes lafhed clofe together with crofs fpars, lined with bear-ikijis, and fumiftled with fur cloaks, was alfo provided. They now went on very rapidly. At ten they got to the ^rcf. ., ThislpJ^rog was pleafantly ft uated by the ;lide of the river: they were condufted to the dwtlling of the Toion, who was a plain decent m^^n. His htfufe, like all the reft in this country, was d'vided into two apart. ments. A long narrow table, vith a bench round it, was all the furniture in the outer ; and the houfehold fiuif of the inner, wluch was the kitchen, was not lefs fimple and fcanty. B ut the kind attention of their hoft, and the hearty welcome they received, more iJian compenfated for the poverty of his lodgirigs. Whilll they were at dinner in this miferable hut, the guelh of a people with whofeexifiencethey had before beenfcarcely acquainted,, and -at the extremity of the habitable globe, a folitary, half-worn pewter fpoon, whofe fhape was familiar to them, attr^e^led their at- tention ; it was fiampcd on the back with the word tondm. Thofe who have experienced the effcdls that long abfence and extreme diftance from their native country produce on- the mind, will readily conceive the plealure fucb trifling incidents can give. Ihey were now to quit the river> and perform the iiext part of thpir journey on fledges. After fupper jhey retired to reilbttt were much dilliirbed by the me- lancholy bowlings of the dogs, which continued all the time their bag.g;age was laihing upon the (ledges; J)ut as ,foon as they were yoked, this changed into a light cheerful yelping, which intirely ceaied the jl- ^ant they majcchcd off. But before they fet ^ut, the reader mayr expc6l to be made more particularly ac- quainted with this curious mode of travelling. ^ One of thefe Sledges was brought over by Mr. King, and it i& now in the poiieffion of Sir Aiht' » Xevcr. ''■''•feti led' canoei navigating ious veffel, ether with ni(hed with w.jven.t on 1, ^dc of the iing of the hdufe, like » two apart* :h round it, le houfehold ;n, was not tion of their jived, more >dgings. ible hut, the y had before •emity of the swter fpoon, i\cd their at- ith the word leefFcds that their native lily conceive perform the After fupper d by the me- ontinued all the (ledges; angcd into a eafed the ii.- fet ->ut, the ti ( 28' ) treated them with an exhibition of dancing, whicli is intended to reprefent the awkward anclclumfygefturei of the bear. The body was always bowed, and t\\6 knees bent, whilft the arms were ufed in imitating, the tricks and attitudes of that animal. They were now with great plea fu re informed by; the Major, upon mentioning their defire to return, that if ihey could Hay one day longer, he would ac- compp.ny them ; as he fhould feel great -plcafure in returning with them to St. Peter and St. Paul's, that he might himfelf afiift them as much as it was in his- power, in fupplying all their wants. The next morning being fixed fi>r their departure^ they retired early to their lodgings, where the fir ft things they faw were three travelling dfeflfes, made. after the falhion of the country, which the Major had^ provided for them. All the foldiers belonging to the garrilcm were* drawn up on one fide, aad the male inhabitants of the town, drefied out in their bell clothes, on the ather ; and, as fbon as they came ©ut of the houfe, the whole body of the people joined in a melancholy fong, which, the Major told them it was ufual i» that country, to fmg on taking leave of their friends* In this manner they marched down to the Com- mander^s houfe, preceded by the drums and mufic of thcgarrifon. After partaking of fome rcfrefhment,. that was prepared for them, they went down to the? water- fide, accompanied by the ladies. We had difpatched a meflengcr to Captain Gierke^ from Bblcheretlk, with an account of their extraor- dinary reception, and of the Major's intention, of re- turning with them ; apprizing him alfo of the day he- might probably expeft to fee them. The Miajor was much ftruck at the robuft and healthy appearance of the boats crews, and ftill more at feeing moft of theni> without any other covering than a fliirt and? trowfers, although at the very moment it adttally fnowed. . After vifiting the Captain, and taking a view of both the ihips, the Majsr returned to dinner on board. ^ ^ b 3. *^-' the- ( 2»Z ) the Rcfolution ; and, in the afternoon, the vanoui €uriofitics that had been colleded in the courfe of the voyage, were ftiewn him, and a conrplete aflbrtniGnt of every article prefen ed to him by Captain' Gierke. The Tailors of both fliips exhibited a great proof of their generofity and gratitude. When they were told of the handfome prefent of tobacco that was made them by the Major, defired, entirely of their own accord, that their grog might be flopped, and their allowance of fpirits prefented, on their part, ta the garrifon of Bolchcretflc. Major Behm having refigned the command of Kamtfchaika, intended to fet out in ^ ihort time for Peter (burg ; and he now offered to charge himfelf with £ny difpatches they might truft to his care. This offer was accepted, and Capt. Gierke acquaint- ed him, that he would fake the liberty of fending by him fome papers relating to the voyage, to be de- livered to the Englifli Embaffador, at the Ruffian Court, and the whole account of the difcoveries down to that time, with Chart?, Plans, &c. were entrafted to his care. Short as their acquaintance had been with Major Behm, his noble and difinterefted conduct had in- fpired them with the highell refpe^ and efleem for him. The intrinfic value of the private prefents they received from him, exclufive of the^ftores, muft have amounted to" upwards of two hundred pounds. But this generofity was exceeded by the delicacy with which all his favours were conferred. ** The fervice in which you are employed," he would oftea fay, ** is for the general advantage of mankind, and therefore gives you a right, not merely to the offices of humanity, but to the privileges of citizens, in whatever country you may be thrown. I am fiire I am afting agreeably to the wiihes of my miflrefs, in affording you all the relief in our power ; and I can- not forget either her charafter, or my own honour, fo much> as to bartejr for the performance of a On "*f<^ .1 ( 2«3 ) On the 15 th, the beach being dear of ice, the pccM pie were fent to haul the feine, and caught an abun- dant fupply of fine flat fifh for both the (hips com- panies. Indeed, from this time, during the whole of their flay in the harbour, they were abfolutely over- powered with the quantities of iiih which came in from every quarter. The fnow now began to dlfappear very rapidly, and -abundance of wild garlic, celery, and nettle tops' were gathered for the ufe of the crews. The birch- trees were alfo tapped, and the fweet juice, which they yielded in great quantities, wa> conllantly mixed with the mens allowance of brandy. . The next day a fmall bullock, which had been procured for the (hips companies by the ferjeant, was killed. It was ferved out to both crews for their Sun- day's dinner, being the firfl piece of frelh beef they had tailed fmce their departure from the Cape of Good Hope in December, 1776, a period of near two years andah^lf. This evening died John Macintolh, the carpenter s^ mate, after having laboured under a dyfentry for a confiderable time. On the iirll of June they received a confiderable quantity of flour, and the men were put in full al- lowance, with which they were fuppUed from the ftores Qf $t. Peter and St. Paul's. June 4th, they fired twenty one guns in honor of the day. On the 6th, twenty head of cattle, of a moderate fize, were fent by the Commander's orders from the Verchnei ojirog, which is near a hundred miles from this place, in a direft line. • r *e a Before day -light, on the ijth, they were furprtfe* with a rumbling noife, relembling diftant hollow thunder ; and, when the day broke,, they found the ^.?.cks and fides of the lliips covered with a fine dull like emery, near an inch thick. The air, at the fame time, continued loaded and darkened with this fub- ftance; and, toward the a»o/r/i»e mountain, fituatedto the North of the harbour, it was fa thick and black, that IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 ut m 12.2 lit Its u lAO M III 1-25 lUU ||.6 llll ^__^^ lll^^^s llnl^^H M 4« ^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WISk -mAIN strut VtflBSTIR,N.Y. MSM ( 71* ) •73-4503 '^ 5 ^ ( 2»4 ) ^at thffy could not diftinguifli the body of the hill. About twelve o'clock, and during the afternoon, the explofions became louder, and were followed by fhow- ers of cinders, which were, in general about the fize df peas ; though many were picked up from the deck larger than a hazel nut. Along with the cinders fell feveral fmall llones, which had undergone no change fiom the aftion of fire. In the evening they had dreadful thunder and lightniiig, which, with the dark- - nefs of the atmofphere^ and the fulphureous/fmell of the air, produced altogether a moft awful anti terrify- ing efteft. They were, at this time, about eight leagues from the foot of the mountain. The fnow had now difappeared, andthe iidei of the bills were covered with a beautiful verdure* The *valcano was ftill feen throwing up immenfe vo- lumes of fmoke ; and they had i>o foundings with one " hundred and fifty fathoms^ at the dillance of four leagues from the ihore.. ' On the 2 2d, they pailed a dead whale, which emit-. ted a horrid itench, perceivable at upward of a league's diftance ^ it was covered with a great nuntber of fear l>irds that were feafting on it. On the 24th they faw ibme Gulls, and were wit» neflfes to the difguftin? mode of feeding of the ar^ic gttU, from whence it »s called the paraute.* At nooh on the 6th of July, they pafled a confider^ . able number of large mafTes of ice, and at three ia the afternoon, they fell in with an extenfive body of it. This Aght gave great difcouragement to their hoipes of advancing much fai ther Northwaixl this year^ than they had done the precedinj;. Having little wind in the af&moon, they hoifled out the boats vtk pnrfuit of the fea-hdrfes, which were Ml great numbers on the detached pieces of. ice; but they foon veuirned withoitt fuccefr j; theie animals be- * Tkli'birdy, which is ibmewhat larger dtan the common gall, f vrAiet the latttr iujid whenever it meets them ; the gull, after flyinf fnt Ibme dme,. with loud Tcreamsy and evident marks of great terror, «bopt its dung, which its purfutr immediat«lx darts at^ and catcher Mm if fall* into the fes*. in ing exceedingly ,ihy, and before tkey coald <9m0^: within gui^ihot always making; their retreat inHo th^ water. On the loth, the,peoi>Ie were more fucc^fsfiil th«i thev had been before, having ihot three large one9» and a young one, befides killing and wounding, fey^ ral others.' They ^re witnefles c^ ieveral remarka^ ble inftanc^s of parental afiedion in thofe ^nwjs. On the approach of the boats toward thejce, they alt i. took their cubs under their fins, and endeavoured to efcapeivith them into the fea. They afterward ob> ferved them brihging them, at times, above the fur* face, as if for. air/ and again divine with a drea4flit bellowing. One female, in particular, whofe ■y9i^iig >had been deilroyed, and taken into the boat* became To enraged, tkat flie attacked the cutter, ai^d ilni^ Jier On the r6thin the foreneon,*' they found tkem(%lv«t embayed ; the ice baving taken a fudden turn to the Sottth Eaft, and in one coihpaft body ^srounding tlie^ , on all fides, except on the South quarter. They tbef#-\,^ fore hauled to the Southward ; the^ were now about "^ twenty five leagues from the coaft or Am^ic^* On the i8tb, at five in the morning, they faw fe^ veral whales. It is remarkable, that tk6^|;h thcy^., faw no fea borfes on the body of the 4ci^, yfi ibnr'^,^ were in herds, and tn greater numbers on the ilfetacfe^^ , ments, than they had obfeTvcdbcfor<<. About ninfe in the evening, a white bear was feen fwimtning clofi» by. the Difcovery; it afterwAsd «ude U|. th« ioor ^^ which w^e ai^fo Mvo others. mfmmrm^mm On the 19th, at one in the morning, &t weather clearing up, they were To completely embayed^ that there was no opening left, but to the South. They were never abk to penetrate farther North than at this time, and this Vas five lea^nes fiiort of the point 'to which ihey advanced laft feaion. In the afternoon faw two white bears in the wa. ter, to which they immediately gave chace in the jolly boat, and had the good fortune to kill, ihem both. The larger, which probably was the dam of the younger, being ihotnrft, the othisr wonld not quit it, though it night eafily have efcaped on the ice whilil tji^men were reloading, but remained fwimming about tiU^ after being fired upon ieveral times, it was ihot dead. One weighed 456 pounds* the •thier 156^ pounds* .<> Thefe aninkals a^rded a %w excdlent meals of ^frtfh meat. The fleffi had indeed a ftroi^ (ifhy tafte, but was in every refjpeft infinitely foperiopo CA&t of the fea-horfe. At eight in the morning of ^e tift» they ihw the American coaft to the South Eaft, at the diftance of eight or ten leagues, and haulded in fbcki but were Aopped again by the ice. Thus* a connected, foltd field 6f ice* rendering tvpry effort to a nearer approach to the land froitlefi, and joining, as was juaged, to it, they took a laft far^ewel of a North Eaft paflage to Old England. Here Captain KJmg gives in Captain Gierke's own words, the reaibns of this his final determination, as well M of^ his future plans i and this the rathet^, as it isvfhe laft tranfa^Uon his health permitted him to write down. ** It is now impoifible to proceed the leaft farther to thr Northward upon this coaft (America) ; and it is eqfually as improbable that this amassing mais of ice (hould be diflblved by the few remaining fummer^weeks which will terminate this (eafon ; but It will contiiMit, it is to be believed,, as it now is, an Infurmountable barrier to every attempt we can pofiibly make. I* therefore, think it the beft " ft*p re ti >sa ( *«7 ) *' ftep that can be taken, for the good of the fcrvice, ^* to trace the Sea over to the Afiatic coaft, and to " try if I can find any opening that will admit me " farther North ; if not, to fee what more is to be *' done upon that coaft, where I hope, yet cannot ** much flatter myfelf, to meet with better fuccefs ; '* fdr the fea is now fo choaked with ice, that a paf* ** fage, I fear, is totally out of the quellion.'* They now continued, during the afternoon of the, tift of July, to fleer to the Weft North Weft. At ten at night, difcovering the main body of ice through the fog, rig^t ahead, and almoft clofe on every fide, except to the South Weft, they tack*d and flood on that diredion. At length, they were obliged to attempt to f..iCe a pafl'age, which they accompliflied, but not without fub}e&ng the (kip to fome very fe- vere fliocks. The Difcovery was Icfs fuccefsful. For, flie became fo entangled, that her. way was flopped, and immediately dropping bodily to leeward, flie fell, broadfide foremofl, on the edge of a conflderable body of ice. In this dangerous fltuation the Refolution faw them at noon^ about three miles diflance. To add to the gloomy apprehenfions which began to arife; athalfpaH four in the afternoon, the weather becoming thick and hazy, they loft , light of her. Their concerns ^or her fafety did not ceafe till nine, when her guns were heard in anfwer to theirs; and foon. after, beihe hailed by her, xkty were informed, that upon the change of wind, the ice began to feparate i and that^ fetting all their fails, they forced a paflag€( through it. On the 24th, at four in the afternoon, they hoii^ed out the boats in purfuit of the iea-Korfes, which were in. prodigious herds on every fide, and killed t^n of them ; which were as many as they could makf uie of for eating, or for convertinj^ into lamp oil. It was now determined to fail for Awatika Bay, to repair our damages there; and before the jwtnter flteuld fet in, to explore the coafl of Japan. J I will f will notjendea^ifour to conceal .the jpy fjbat bright teh^^lfif nrAbHttidit^, fbr ithad ah ai^a^n^,^ea up- Irti th» Y;rf!6f3s whtfcoCtM nfei co|iceaf their joy as foon «3 1*^ wtrt ihformfcd of h; They were alt hear- t% 'fltk hf ' a 'navig^iOn fult of danger, and Ie wHitimie titimolf pei'reVel'anc6 had not bf^ repaid ^^IBi the fmaltelV probability of fuccefs. /Riey now iturn^ tfidr ^es fiome« af!er an abfen4;e,of thjiee Sa^' v^Hh a deiifi^ and fatisfa!^ion» as fal^- enjofy- ; ai if tkey hadbl^en already in figjit of the^Land's. * On the izSth and 29th, the wind Being contrary, lchb\r made bxit fh>w progrefs to the Sowuhward, and had ito land in fight till feyen- iii the evening, of the 30th; from which time, to the 17th of Auguftji no> riling interefting occurred. ; ' Captain Oerke was now no longer able to ggt out ef his bed; he therefore ddfired^ that the officers would receive their orders from' Mr. King^.and di- rd^ed that they fhould proceed, with all {peed, to Awatlka Bay. On the 2ifl, at half paft' five in the morning^, they hM a very hi|;h ' peaked mountain on the coaH. of KamticKatka, called C^eepoonikoi Moontain, (wea** " ty-five or thirty Icagaes diftanf. On the wd' of AnguH, '779» ** nine o'clock in the mornings departed this liSe Captain Charles Clerke, in' the thirty eighth year of his ag^. He difid of a confumptton, which had evidently commenced liefore he left England, and of which h? had lingered during the whole voyaee. His very gradual decay had long made him a meTancholy obj^ to hia( fii^nds ; yet the equanimity wijth which he bore i(^ the con^ itant flow of gocdfoirits, which continued to the lall kour, and a cheerfin rej^nation to hia fate, afforded them fome coniolatilott;^ It was impoj^ble not tp feel St more than ^common dw To far advanced, they were hsLrfal tiW ^«l^f ^^% o^ hindrance Ihould arift' t^ e^^tain Gbre*s farther views of difcovefy, and there- fore gave oi^ders that no more ihQuId be d^ne tp them'. * On Sunday aftetnoon , A u g u^ the .a9th, they p-iid the lift 6^ce$ to Captain Gierke. The ojSicers and iheh df both fliips walked in proeeffion to the^grave, whiiia tfej fliips fired miiMte guns ; and the fervice.be- fyi^ ended, the marines fired three voilies. |ie was in- terred undeV a tree, which ftands on a rifing grbiindf lit the vall^ to the Ngrth fijde of the harboiii^ where die hdfpital and ^Ipre hojifes are fituated.* AU tl»e Kaffirs ih the gs^rrifon were aflenibled, and>tten4i?4 with great refpeS and folcmnity. J. ^ They'Kad a coiiftant (;6urfe9f^^^^^^ when there came on a heavy rain, accompanied lyitS Itf^hl^hklls <^ wind, which pWiged t|^4r:|^'"" jjior yards a^dtopmaiti. ^^ ^ v IjW^ *■',"}■ 1* , r-4 >i ■ •>* % 'The 1 2tn, being Sunday, was kept ais apiiv 6f reft^ tiiit the ^^yeather un&>rtunateTy co^tinuinjg ^i^U fhfi, ilnfeii could not derive the advantage from it wi^ed, b/ gatherieg the berries, an4 .takiiig other paftifnepn* bi Wednefday they haU'Shi Aef the ftowafeft ■ of }iif- hoHs; but the cattle wete; not* yet a^rivetl /rpsli Vfcrchnei, and as frefh pro^lfidns were the rfio^.ip- pOrtant art;icles of their wants, they could not thvnk of tkkihg their departure without them.- ,^ • On the 17th, they fetoutbn i hunting par^^;'be2(ri were theif obje^. They diiiefte4 their couric ip Ijip Northward, .toward a pool of water thaitUesnlrarjlhl inoiith of the river Paratounca, and which was a k^bvvla haunt of the b«.il-s. TTiey 'had fcafrce' lahderf, vf^a unfortunately, the. wind changed to th« £aftwar(|( :ihd.de(lr6yeaan hopes of coming up with their ^rame^ for the Kamifchad^es afiur^ then^^ that* it \va3 in VHin to expe^ to meet widi tHSars, whilfl they'fel to the windward; owing .to their being po/^fi'ddj^ aii tonib€»)Amon acutenefain fcemlrtg their punws.W^ick enabled them, uttdcjr -fucfi tirtttiittf!^cei>" ^Miipiiif diikn|;eil', * whim it Jsf jrer 4ria very greao diife^ftK '% j * ' mxt mfnhg -they cfbfled tBe bav^ •^C W^jl th^y fai^ feveral beaYs at a diftance; tfi^ ^oW SeS^ (biiutriVe to gfet withi'ii 4l)t of l^tni,^ ^$ix W^P fton wajs therefore changed to fpearii^g ^f'fatm^lij preyjj^ fqrbefi th^ir it! fiicdtffs in the chaCe by land, ihe^'na^'ijT bften' ditopointed in their expe^latiiJns'cf (hbotli^ wild f^wt, bn a fupply of wnich th^y ha4 in fonff ttieiftir^ depended for fuhliftence ; and on i^s fallurei bitg'ttti' -to think that they had been fall long apfentfrcm hea^iSartcrs; - '■ ■ ' '.;. : ^ *'^ -^'^^j^^'-y/ittM-^ night before they reached' the lbips/an|i they Ijf^ -t^en bbea twrlVe hou rs upon their Up, ^pwe ver, thejwtJi^^tS^ fiitigdes and ill fucceli brtheir c^edv* tiirdm i^6od fiippfer. ^ j ^ r ' M. ,«^ » . Tl^^afd» being the apniveri^ry of his MaJ^fty*!:^. piiktigittt twenty-one giuis were irtd, and the ^land^ ^ittfjllfeail; their ittuvtioiiwo old allow oif, was pre.. rtd i^ honour of the day.^; As they were jetting; down dhtiier} the arrival bf* Captain ShmaiefT was an. nouneedt Thisnnfas ^ ^very agreeable futpske V be-. Vau^^ ke arrived fo iexf day..' oil commg on board thjeftsfolution^ l^e ^t falttted with eleven guns, Sj^cimexii of all iheir^'cariollties were pre^ted to him ; and Captain jGbre added to theni a gold watched /« fowling* f^^* • • ^ ' ' .'.'>■ ' i '^ Tlie.next day lie was entertained pnlKMtfd the pifr itovery ^ and on the aaliVhe toc^cteavi^ .tbTeti;irnt^ loidleretik. J|e ccutd not be prevailed ^^^ le|>gthen ^ iiitgft lajecai. 'I%e next ftep was to conce^ thiw^ wMi iieflUirii as pofible. t)»y had not lain long 1m afflbolh belore ^v had the pleafure to hear the IH^^iifHng of bears In oifferent parts round about, and jpl^/eaipeaations were foori gratified by the fight of ^he 'of theniin the water, which feeme^^tp be fwim» miag ^rfftly to the place where they by concealed^ pfijlwhea.thtf animal had advanced about fifteen yards, ^ee f!^. at it pretty nearly at the fame time, "^he ^^^ immediately turned ihort on one fid^^ »n4 made aiiQife whici could not properly be cal^d roarings t^'^fiiowlingj^ nor yclUng, but was a mtxtu^'e of ^1 thfee, and horrible lifytoM defcrtption% {t iptreated to fonie thick buihes.at % iitUe diftance, andi::Ont^ti^ ^(fnlakrthe &me. tj^irrible tK^e i^#d tk^gliri^eS^ Idk^iiftle^ were peduaded It waa/^(l;41^' in'i^^e^) *^'" thought it ^mojl %dvif^a|^le nq^f u^rdufe-it agaiii ( 293 ) ' hi the pwfent^ It was, at this timer.jKift ' i^Sn^ cy'jd^k », and .the night threateain^ a change of weuithi-ri,^ jthe^ returned home,- and deferred the g;AtificiiMi^)i of t)|e(r,{ curk>ftty till marnin^r, when thuy fecund the bfl^ • dead in the place t^ wbicl|,it had beefit watched v 1% proved to be % iemale» and4>Qvond the comn^Qn uao^ • Here Captain King entertains (lie rcadef , with % defcription of thb manner in which, this fport'^U coa^ da£lea at Klaxntfchatka. >rrf- ...ni ..n,? ;/ When the . natives .comei to. tfie gronnd^freqiien^tfii ^ by the bears^ ^which they contrive to reach abonn f^A^ , * fet, the;£rd ftep is to^ look for their track»x /to ^? amine 'which are the^freiheft and bell £ltaaled.;|WU))^ a view to concealment^ and taking aim? at ^e Mia^t eitheras he is paffing by, or advancing in ff on t^,,9f. going .from them. The place of ambufcade beipgr^' determined upon, the hiiHters\next Jix Jii $1^, gTPpna t-heort^hes upon which thf^ir firelocka are ma4^^ t9i £eft> ^pointing them in the vdire£tion \^fm^^ make their tlhot. Thi« done, .they kneel or ^^4<^iii;h|. as^the circumftances of the, coyer re^iii^ $ v|in4^,:,ifith thmbeav'^pean bf their .,iide, i^a^ /or ijieir ,gfui^ "^ , Thefe precautions are chie^y ta^^o i^, ^^^^^ tP Jt^^kf fnre of their mark- J for if the bear l)f .not reffd^rjp^ incapable of purfiiit b^. the^rilt^t^t||i9^ci9iMi^gP|l!Mm plftccgfrj^ia.wheiiee the xuM^^a^^i iii^^ attatlc« < hl»^ a^eriaries ,wi|Ui|pr^ ^^ i^^ foffihlp ^ tlieni tp reloads: :as!Sierdmj^ tntijrfrjthilft twelve or fil^en yar4f Wffnf^jf^w^ 1^ fired diSb f", lo . that -if . he does no^iUl^ iil^^i|it|^^^ Ately put)tU^(e|ye» in'» ppiUu^ tQ» re€. -- . Cc3 mmmmi pp^r*^ wmm^ I'fc^i'ii^Age wxWltdrHf^. On tkft OMitrary* if ' tkiii it^^fhA; tk^aiis witt not Mvt ketMb, even ^Mf^i&^^^Mi -W^ iHi^ ^ long time f' bat coiitiiiino imufte^/ flus^g^ «^a vftrS&ty of aflfoaing aAiona^ and; 'l^eftures,. marks 6F the deepeft aAi^ion, and tkut JUktiti^ %h ea^ |>rtfy td the hnnters. ''^he 'iTamtreftadal^ very thanlifuU^r acknowledge tkeir obligatinnt to the bears for what little advance- 'mi^ thibjrluH^mherto^ mad<^> etthe^ in the fdence» i»<|KQ£tekFts. They confefs that they ow^' to thein. iU'^l^t JflMIV bpth iR' phyftc acid fui^ery; that by nj^lHclj^'W^ berths theft animatB rbb tlieir woiifdr tj^ey^ his^'receWed'/ and what cb<^ have re- c$4rfe^tQf whefi ick and laincnid^ they have become 'aueqii^nted with molt e£ tlw* fimplei ift: ttfo among lliritt, eilhler^in the wsy^oi inWr^'il fljte^tne, «p ex. ' i^rnkl appHcatlbn^.' the ^ acknov«ledge the beaf> like- ili^lbr.tW dkMn^ mftft^rl. Indeed Ihtfevidence o^ i^Me*r ^ttfes oirt$:this obt of diff^iite ;, fof the b«ur- dhtn^ oFihe' mH^^hw^bSts in aii^e3Mllr Running nearly. North and Sf . it«was co^e»d. with 1- ihow, from Bx^ to eights feet <■ deep. On their retum,^ the 24th of Ane«ft«>U)M>iir lutge of' thi^ ini$, and ^1 forls 6f veaeitdUbs^-feein^d «obc^ iii^the utmoft Ibateef p^fedioit '^ but at the kf^tg^tt§ of i Goober, I the tops; *c£ tho hi^ls ftmfi «ff ain ^eovercid with new^allpnJuowj. the wind jeoaM^ mmg '9fe&tJAy, . ^. >: :.r-,>» • > M^or JMim told them that theicoldiand ind^qnon* li^.o^^ vnnter of 17^ was fucii^ ^aiMp £or:krtral •wecks^ Ml . iBtejBcoai>fe< ibetween ^ the xnhabitantt |i|^ illfifelx^ftbpp^, every one being afraid tc^ fl»r ;«im ftom^tnie hobie to another^ fcff if^: of being £^ ''ilitten,^.^ - - i .■ ,. ;i*.'.;^ j.>t-, . * To.aw»«l the hunicaaeff^ .and /(hrere wiatots*;-^!^, imi!(^jMmx99akem its famtnit, and .. it has frequently erup» tiens, of ^the . moft ^violent and« . dreadful kind, fome of which were much talked of, and feemed to be frefii in the' memories of the^Kamtfchadales. 4 ; -The country is likewife faid tO; contain' nnmeroitt ■ 'fprings of hot water. Krafcheniniooff' makes men- ition of two .^ery- extraordinary pits or wells, at thiB ^bottom of which the v/ater- is ieen to boil as in at cal^ < dron> with prodigious force and impetuofity;. at tht < 'ifMine.time ia dreadfuLnoife iiSTues out ofxhtrnt 9ibd (9 ' thick a vapour, that a manxsinnot be feen throughi^ - The real riches of this country mulV always' con- fiilr in the number of wildmnlmali it ftroducelst and ' no 'labour can ever be turned to ^ good accouot at wliiit .is . employed upoiL th^ ■. furrieriet. Their ^ animals fftUntb. are the common fox ; tke'fioat, lOXfirn^Hf xKe jeiiif lime,, ox ^HaHe like ij^tu, ax vdic; f^i ,t|^; yaryiiiff hare; the tnouotain rat, or earie& • #ii<|» mot ; %e Veaf^;:^; the-^atton or aufi/«vr«»f j thc^^^ |ii/r, or wil4 %cp; T^in-dqcr; bear^; i^olycf; ,^k^ The Sox IS tjRe mpil general objei^ pi th^^^li^cfj, and they aire found in great^^tmber^, ^4 <>f>'^^^' olF colours, '^he'fnoil comii^X9 is ihe fweia^o^i^ wifh the Eprqpean y hut fotoe^a^ 91 ;a aaftcchey^ytfljl io«)e black ; others of a ^one colottfi> andlh^jffi WSfB & few .q,iu^e ' white;. ^The^ fur jis <^#eedi9gUr th|g| and fine; and of a:^qaairty^vvch.i^pe4<>^^1#'L^fcfJ^ Siberia or America*., , •**) (TJ. The ikin of the gtytton, 0j5 w/wr^aris-her^ iW jllgr higheft reipute ; inlosnuch, th^t a Kamt^d4<^i|o$4^< upon hinifelf as mp£ xi^fy atnr|(4* w^^ff >r % quantity pf this ixurh ieen upon him. X)i^.4ji(^]||fj||^ worn tl^ir ha4i;'Vi'it^ its pats, whi(ch a^e^^ y^it^^ aQji coniider^d as fo (jxtf aofdinary pieceroif finer^$ ^^ thev have a fuper&tii^us^ Opinio^, th^ ^f -tI^jS^-jg^ ci^ with the KU^ pC thofe a^inial<>» -ft ^,fa^ ,^r this creatuj^e is' ea^y^ tained^ a^d tau|;ht ft|^nni|p|9i |jf ^aiantjtricl^s,* '■ ''■' ' ' ' ' ■ ^ ^ ' -;, . .,. -.^ a^,. All the ^ws Cfa?5W I^H^g Af .W«re of ^^ ft^^^^ bix>wn culour ; th^y are ieldoin i^^hle in the wi^Uf l^nthsif ;> . :Tiieir ^^ arf exceedingly ttfefnl. Theyi^aibi' both e;(ceilent warm matrams and coyering|<&|r#iiy| Ks f comfortable bisnnets and gloves, and good; ^^U ^fof, their dogsharneis Their flefti, and^pwrli^ |nt)r«j|ife i^» is con£dered a^ grea^ deiicad^i* ' - (^ ■ ■ • , . ;-.,-...t ^ .^X^^xil^mwSs ifi'^tet, that i^isfin^^V animal fie^jvivitly. de» Kroys deefy and the wil^ mountaln-lheep, in the following Way ) *&\^ fc^ttti ^.t ttie Bortbdii of &e trees bark and moi^, which t^ofe %at tnals aivfdndfef; and^whilft they are pickling it up^ (frop fuMSIt. ilpoB tknati tndikAeiiing behind the head» fuck out thdr ^lak^'' t) • • 5.1^ H - ," . - . ■ ; . " "-■■ > \ 7h* ^nriac)c8. make ufe of a very fimjple methrdfof cf tcl^ ' bean. ' Tjbey fufpend, between the iforlu of a tree, a rimniny nim%>- Wlthiii which they'fi^ii li bait, which the animal, endeaydilik|:^ )aiU auray, il taughtlbttetiakdt by lli4 aeck| fid^ Ainsciai^s %4m r 1 ^ "^ . '* )i ". »fc "i t:/W f^, as been already obTenred^ th^t the dogs of tlui^ iirtry aire, in^fhape and mien, exceedingly like the . hleranian^ with this (Uirerencex that the/ are a g^ajt deallarger, and the liairfoinewhat coarfer. They «t of a variety of colours; bat the mofi general is a Kgl^t dun^ or dirty cream-coloar. Toward the end fT fSA^, they arjc" all turned looTe, aijd left ,to pfrd- 1rid({?^^fer themfelyes through the fuimiier; being fure t^ii^turn to their reipe^ive homes when the (now be- l^kttofall. Their food, in the winter/ coniiilsin- jke\y of the head> entrails, and back bones df faU Mion; which are put afide^ and dried for that pur-^ ppfe;. and with this diet, .they are fed biit fparingly: The' htfmb^ of dogs iAttft needs be very great, fiilcc five are; yol^ed to a uedge, and a fledge carries but one perT^n; fo that on their jonrney to Bolcheretik, they< i^qrScirgiouy fi^; Dut of what fpe- oies they were, they could itot^retend to determine. Of tie hawk, falcon, and builard-kind, there are great numbers. . , ^ . Whales are frequently ft^n, both in thcfeaofOkotifk, aa'4 on:'. the„ fide of the Eaftcr|L oceaAjt . and, wheA ^ght, .are turned to a variety of lifcs. Q£ the flcin they . makjB the loIe» of their* (hoes, and ^t^ht jmd thong.$ for various other purpofes. The flcih they 4^, and the fat is carefully llorcd, bo^h for .kkdiei ufej^ani for their lamps. Thf whiflters ar^ Ibfii4 tQ ll^'ihs bell materials for fewing together the feams of *■■'•' 4. ^ ' ckeif »\ tli^lr canoes; they likewise inake) net^ of them for,tli#^ Jarger kind of £fh; find with the under jaw-l^iiei Jthefr fledges are fliod. They alfo work the bones iiiti^ knives; and Ibnaerly the .ch4^s vwith which their dogs are tied> were Qia4e of that material, thOagk at prefent iron. ones, are generally ufed. They have in thofe jSeas ahondance of various fo;'ts i* iSfhinoeed may here.be called the ftaft' of life; it is certainly a mach greater objeft with them than bread. The lakes fhat have a comdmnication with the, Cez^ which Was tl«ecafe wlth;all;thore that Werefeei^, aboiind with £di that have vei^ niuch the refemblance^f fmatl falmoii^ ao.d are froQl^&tartqJix pounds weight. They: could .!not underil^and that the inhabitants thought it. W&rth. their wiiiletoiiih for them i ^ . ^^^ The. fMrs,feII iat a high price. The failors broug)i]|^ a great immbcf with them from the coart of America*^ ^nd w^re ^ot le& aftoniihed than delighted with th^ quantity of ill ver the merchants paid down for th^^, but on ,itnding neither gin ihops to refort.to^, i^^ tpba^cf^j or any thing. elfe that they cared fo^,,ji^ ,^c had for money, ;he roubles • foon became troubIc|^ Sqtrc companions, and were kicked about the 4^PKm^. ,'^| The people of this Country generally enter |ijBt6; ^the'coiyugal ftate at the age of thirteen or fourteen«j[ Xheirinauftrvis abun'dantly confpicuous. > "^ Their houies are only to be found in towns, whicjB^ are called OJtrogs, St. Peter and St. Pauji conii^t. of about thirty habitations. >f, . \ ; ' The outerihoft garment of the mens dre{s is bf ^^ ihape of a carter^s frock. Thofe wornau fummer are . of nankeen ; in winter thtfy are mad^ of ikin$« vio% ^commonly of the deer or dog, tanned on one fide, th^^ hair being left, on the other, which is worn innerm€»ft. Under this is a clofe jacket of nankeen, or other CQV|; tph ftufts, and beneath that a (hirtof thin Perfian fillip ^ qf ai^luer red, or yellow colour. The remaining partj, of their .drefs coniids of a pair of tig^t trowfers, or;. long ' breeches of leather ,V reaching down to the^^cm of the leg; of a pair of dog or deer ikin boots, W^ |he i&4ir ln^ermo^; and of a furcap with two j^ps^ ^ f ' which • A r«vUc ift«vorii ftbo«C4i« md^i^ilig- are fet to fi^ round the flioiildeni. .^ _ ^heinif»6Uoiis frefib iHe |l6 of A^minlty hav. lii^ Ic^ a^fcreiiioiiitrjr pbwer^^itK ifhecoibiaaiidtiig Officer of the expedition^ iri ^afe of failure in the feaxt:^ of a pafTage from the Pacific into the Atlantic Ocean^ to return to £t|^land bj^ i^atever route hf fifould think beft fbr the-fatther iinprovement of geo- St^Ky J Gapt&in Gore demandea of the jn-incipal fficers theii? fentifnents, in w!r!ttngj reA)eai]ig the ifii«lfer in ifvhkh thefe orders iffight «orf, cfiii«ually tee' oteyed. The r6fuh 6? thenr opihibhr waff> that litc-cohdltioii bf the fh^si of the tails ^nd qirdage. madciit unfa^e.to attempt, at Co advaneed a fea^n of tSAfea^, to navigate the fca between Japan and Afia, which W6uM otherwife have afforded the largeft field jj^ diicovery ; that it was therefore advifeable to keep t6 ^l3^ £k^arcl of that ifland, and in their way tht«k C&er to tuiY along the Kuriles, and examine more par- ticularly the lAands that lie neareK the Northern coaft cfjapan, which are reprefented as of a coniiderable fizey and -independent of the Euffian and Japanj^ie #iymnmeti^ts. Should they be fo fortunate' as to4nd iSi thefe any fafe and cothmqdious harbours, tJiey^con-^ X^ived they might be of imj^ortance/ either i^ iptf^cei <» ihdter for an jr futuit navigators^ who may be em^ tfloyedin expiorittgtlxe'feas, bras the means of open- ing a commercial intercourfe among theneighoOuiring ^^miinlohs df the two t^mpires. "Their next object was tb^furvey the coaft of the Japanefe Iflands, and after- tl^iH t^inake the coaftdf China, as la'r to the North- inj^of the 9th of Oftober, having cleared theeoti:4nfe of Awatflta Bay; they fteered to tl«5 Smith Efctj, ivith i*te^ wind Nordt Wej^ and hy Weft. At midnight ^ey WA SL dead'^ ^fm. ' which cbntin aed till noon 0i the icMih. Mhi iW Tt s ' W ility and feyenty jf%. Atloliis of Watery th|jr)^pldyjd tacir'timeiffec A.^t.W VQ- i^^ . cud pien^fiil. ^ ^1 r^viit After a feries of ftormy weather wticii ^fey^tjtd tteeir eadeavoars tb get to the North }^ei[l> aii^ little likelihood of its 1)ecoinin^ more favoarabU {it ^^ ;time of year. Captain Gore gave up -all thoughts |pf inching for the liUnds to th<: Norti of JaptuiVv ^ At day brea^of the 26th, theyh^^e ple^fi!^bf 4eCcrying high land tatlj^e Weiftward, which -^9|»§e.d V Tiiey flood on till nine, \yhen t^ey wefe>d^hij^]t:^ le^ues of the land. The country is of a i^^derfte hmght, cc^fifts of a dbiible rang^of mc^intaJn^^ it abounds with wood» and has a pleaiing variety ^^|^ll« Aiid dales. They fa^v the fnjoke pf feycral tpwn^or tillages, and many hpufes near thi^MtM^f^ in {fl^^pt and cultivated iitaatitns. ^^ ^ ,, .u^iw On the 29th, at nine o'clock, die win^ Iftf^ii^^ «^e Southward, and the flcy lowei:ing^ tj^e^ ta^k^^^a^d ftOod off to the Eaft, and foon after, thiy law ^v^ei,^ •clofe in with the i and, flanding alot^g the, ftijC^e ^o 't^e >Nprch^ard> and another in the o£,ug, qoi^uji^t ^^^^ Otttthem before the wind. Of>je£tsof is(ny;^nJ^^;^ 'Sl^ng^ng to a country (o famousj, aiji^'yet^^ipc ||^^ It wi)i be ea^)y conceived, niu(^ J^^v^ij^pj^c^-^aug^i- . ^ral ^urloiltty. As thte veiTel to windwar4if l^i'^lpf . jihe haulea farther off ihore.i '^jipgn .^y^jc^|^& 4br6i}ght to, and flie paifed ' a-head of theiD>.ti|^||le r ^^ifhincc of about half a m^e. Xt^ wouM ^^IH^I"^ ^ car- to have fpok^ with theai^ ;bu| Htjic^^rtng^^^^^ their manceuvres) that they wete muc}^|iigh||s||pd. Captain Gore was not willii^gjtOHBti^inent(#^ Wf^.^ 5 ^m$ thinking that they ihqi|14 hav^ m^my >b^itt|'<(ip. , portanities of comtnunicatioi with tm^ P^pt^ JM" jKred t^^ to go off without internipiion^ . v / Frpm the 29th of October to t^e 5 1^ |^f .Nov^befr ^f y ctotiiMif4 ^ir courfcto ^he .$p^th Eai|| |^a¥^g ve- #y ttn^ttkd weather^ attended witI||p^cUig%i^i^gfpnd f^^ti^ - Oi both^4«y^ I *«? Eft^«^«"l«l .4^^«W ®^ fiiil|ftK##one* ievK^al 1^^ Af wwii^^^':^jim^i r.#i4 ^Ad i«;^gb.$^ «n^ 9unf^j|gj|^r4|%gi^«0|s. D 4 ' Thfy 1 UJ f^i^lMtyftMiShMA th«ir (ioitffe td the SoutB Weft, B^Ving the Wihds fri^m the Northwiird; Wichotit tny remarkable occureiic;, till the 1 2 rh, wh^H they had it lh$ft" yioteht rale ' ot ii^lnd from the fame ^ uatter, iR^idi j'e^ttced them to thefore-fail; aiid mken ftay. ^foip. -^- v-^'^ • '^- " - ■ ■ -^ Oii the iM^^^ty hw tliree iflamls^ and bore RWay fol-the Setim jpbthli of the largeft; upon which they ooitfyta^ a' hiir'h barren I^U flatttih* it th^ top, and tfaj/hen feien fern the Weft South A^lh p^eftnts ifti evident volcanic crater. The earth, rdck, • cfr fahd; ii^ ifwii not ffsSy to diitingiiilh of which ih furfacc is compofed, exhibited various colours, aM*^ a eoniide- ' i'f able i»|rt thtiy conjeftured to be fulphur, b£a(Ied nearer the land, thought i^eyiaw fte^s * rifih^ n-jm the top of the hill. From theft, circom- - Ranees, Captain Gore ^ave it the hanie of Smlpijur ^ At fix i A the morning or the 26th, the wind having * IjO^fiderablv abated, they bore away Weft. They '-Taw. thlsday^ a flock of ducks, and many tr6|>ic ' - l>jm, ^l(o dalphins and porpuJflTes, and ftill continued ^^' fid ft vei ^1 pumice ftones. They fpeht tlie !iwit v^^^h theif tatks, ^nd; at fij^ in the itiortiiiig of ^e ||7th} again bore away Weft in fcarch of «i« fia- ^ ' Xn the forenoon of the 29^, they paiTed fevcral l^^Chiiieiefilhing boats, who ey6d them with gre^t^^^- Sf ce. lii t^mdrAing of the 30th, they ran along the Le- :iiiilfles. mmn^ o'clock, a Chirefe bofit ciutoe a- iomgi^ iitid wanted to piit on board theitt> 'p^of, i|KHn;h however they declined, as it wai. their b^fiiiers to fpHow their contort. Soonaift^r, bov^^^ the Reiblution made afipal ib^ one; tKey now/aw an eit1:e)kiDit rate bet#eeik ^tff OiinfiiR boats i. and Capti;|h/OoiH^r «Hrgii|((fea'With the wain who ^ved l.ft, tS tiSir j»f the Oiip to the Typa, i» tiirty dbUaMi Soon «flciv a fecoiid pilot getting idiip, bwt xl)i« was pppofed, 9,9 c^r^ pil^( ^w ^(a||f jlf l^ for.both ^tjic,ife>ps^ , . , , > r , T ' ^. ' .",. . „ . ' ;^' sU^cJ-. r ■- «t iaot^fdknce to tli^ Jnf^rudipns^ givcii^to. C^pt^g^ CpqtL by ttie board pf Adnira'Uy, it how p^c^!^ rjfs; ceflary to demand of the officers and men their jQkrt '■ jSki^Uf and wKftt Other papers they mighthiiy^ intl^^il' ^ pfxfljbfiioxi^ reUting to the hiftory of thejit v<^ag<^.' Ca^ fyin^ Gore, fays, that it gave him the grcateA (|t«- , i^ipn tQ find that both officers and men c^arfujMif y^ Th^ kept iivorkto^ to Windward tiu nx in tj^: esr^jimff, when both mips came to anchor oii^^^jp J ^j^\ I^^mbei:. ..,-.. -'^ ■■'■'•' c'^'' II^ the forenoon of the id, one, of thcf^ phiiic&v c^^Bitify^rs, wlio are called Co^r^don, wejpit on bo**?^! w ^eipltttipn,, and fold toVQjiptain Qore f j^. hiin^. died pounds weight of tbeef^ together with a ^^4fr 4eirabie quantity of greens, oranges, *"<^'^i&5*, i^. j^j, Ik the evening Captain Gore fcnt NC?^ JKi|?g ,o|C, Ibore t^vi^t the Portug^aezf Governor, ai»d! tOj re- , q^oeft his a^ilance in procuring rcfreflimcnti f^r'^l^© 9rews» which he thought might b^ doijc ^ ipa^^ xeafpnable Itijrws than the Comprador wduld utid ^ajijy^ fprn^^^^ On his arrival at i^e c^ti^X^^ III FprX-i^jor iftfpr^^^ that the Goyerftp^vjjaf ^^ j^df^t abfff to fpe company I on acq,uain^t1r Uie Major with tteir dcfireof proceeding iminediali :|9lJajitjQi», he told him ih-4t they could not ventiirlj furnifh ^|icip wi^ * b^^/ Ul{ Icaye was pbtaiini^ w fiop^Ot or officer of the cuftoms^v^; %^r « #*a .jAjfjJe wgif leti^Wg tothe ihip, ittoch vexeJPkttti^ irofcedftjf 4*layif the Portugucze officer klk^a^nim Ifj t^X 4*^rpotmeiRn to^St the iEn^lilH genfkmerl fore, indeed tranfpoxted hun with joy i he imMiedifKeTt^ jMfOtteded to rte houfip of one or nii S^p^tt^iiml, ^jldt^^tke information |if» received Was lit m'kMt^ ^:Akn;r^ -mk^i ^^wq^^^ ^nt: 'nook ■ ^.^ifi/lcb rJ»«<' »©l^. 440 i m r iML ia,'m6ii le had wtrtten, in whitf'tbirjr ^mti-ed ft&f r^if&f tK^ii- Wft-en^voQrl' ihoold b)^' tiAfS' to frm^We 'Umiilii th^y ;fb)6a'm need dC astj^edttii •lift .t)f his offiCtfn. ' '■■-"■ ' ->l-,i--': -^^^I-i^;.-^-i ''Vhe : ^aWife day, M'^it^m^^m^ip^ ^iiflgiM a- vti/t^l he had ^Kircfirafed :i? 'M«ia6j up ta Ca/ai&h. .Ckntain Gore judging iMi' ij^oodbfobrP^ ^iiiW to teia^Caijtaifr KiHg to proceed! to' tiiat placed ri^of^eriPihaVhV fhodl* talb^ abrig ivM liinr hir 1e4gd(6» ftbm ttieBocdi Tygri*, till ^>oiii.^a _ ar^ fieat^attd very cf^f ^Si^ce/ at this time, confiftcd i^Wf^fmii^-m fjSidcht/ Mf . t^Htt aftd^ Wh R^^itt^^ Thejr ^- ^ .liediiitely gave him an jic^ant oi radii §twts at-^the Uidia fliips vyert abk t|k a^td.. Wiftiing therefore to make the gentlemen to procure ^ati b)f him l^.^i^^d^ ' tp convey thi^ Jftores ^ bat they were fopniiitoM^^ t^ buftnefsol* that kind was not ta be ti^muiftt^: ^t^-^ ' pidly in this country ; that many ^^ ^^ff- ^ %^ yohjDlied with, an^ ^^.^ort, th^ j^^^^^ i^j^fj tnairpenfable virtue m China. , ,,^^ * v, ,^ ^ „ 'As Canton was likely to be the, mod ^iq^vtiprtii^eou* 'market f^icfnrs^ he yfgs req.uei|ed by Captain G^re tp carry, about twenty iea-btters fkii^> chiefly tHepr^-- 4||perty of the deceaied Gommanders, and to dil^ou^^of th^m atthebeft price;, a commiflion» wMch gfkife Jhijoit an opportunity of becoming a little accmaint<^i^)^ thc;^enius Qt t^e^Ch nefe for trade, tie wsktic-^ cordingly i^ire^jpd ro a member pf the ^n^r^, a^ j(f^ ~..^epy of ,tbe ptdncii^A] merchants o( tlje plage„ tjifijp aiTdred him they' might depend on his integ^a^» fi|d in ^9 cafe of this lort* he iheuld confider ^mifeir Wecel V as an a^ent, iVuhbut lookilli^ for ^ny pro^VI^ himfclf., Ht.vmg laid the goods b'eiore bint, he e%r ^^mlned them with gre^t care, and faid, that he^jf^oM^' not venture to ofter more than thipee hiin|lred |wb^s: for them. As he knew from the priiiei!unii,|ia;d ioldi ^pifli Kamtfchatka th&t he Had, not oilfer^d p^e^hair .^ijp value, hf now found it neiceifllarv to be caufioi^*. jk.ms uijrn>, and. ^erefore dejinandcd one tbioiifju|^^ 'j^^a^ually received eight hundred. \;(-i" v'^;^!Caintofi^ including the old and new tQwii«.j^^ wousbs, is about ten miles in circuit, tts inlk^r ,.^nt|^/jasvnear as cant l>e. cpe^^^^ HjIP* ^jJtWM^lW to nsmonf and lii4ll?i^»m btti wdlpAved with l^e ftoni«.^ iinti» ^ ^ilfctf »nck; one ft^^ry hs^fi, h«vbg generally two dr tl&^e>'c«rufCs Vackwtrd, in' Wlirch are die ware* ^^iRMrfn Ibr^ittisicti^ndiiies and in the hou^s wfthifk the city^ the ^jpartm^ntsfor thc^ womenV A very fe^ '^dTtheaieahefti^are buiftolr#o(ydl * •^- The Engli^ fupercargoes live' together 8t a com* . mon'tftble, whkh is kept l^ the comi^nf* The 'tii|ie of their reirdence (Hdom exceeds eight montlii ' anmtally. They very rarely pay aii^vifits withiii the 'Wimfl.of Canton, except oh pnblit occaAons* '^'lAthe evening of the 26th, he t00k leave «f the- '^mpereM^oes, having thinked th^i^ their miUiy Jwltfl^ng faVonrSf amohglt which, he tnieiiitiona an:- ;'i^bwme piiefen of tea for the nfii of th^il^i^ com- j^^Saesr and a large' oolleCtion^ of Ihi^Hih periodical ' pohllcations. ,The Ittter wa? .found, a yauiafa|^e ac- jlMi^tion, as th&y bnth ferveSd to amnfe their ittipa- ijfei^e during a tediotis voyage home ;^ and enabled them- jTfei^uTn nl^rt: total ftrailg«B^6 what had1>een ti^anif- ;^i^ft^ in their native coQhtr/: ' V ^iShlring Captain King's abfdnce a b^ifk trade hjcd ' ' '^aiT^hg. on with the worn ont, oT' h^dr iflven: away, Md. athetwifed%ofed'ofi ia I^aqit* '^ ' ^^1^ i;agfe wii&^^i^d^ ^e feadien wete foMsArtcy jittf^ «^rC(A»kV lU^rer, «iidtbii|;^ bf Thft •^£ i ''^ Thr ft^mif "Which Kud been *diTMn|t^ #1^ ^«^Klf tflfer 'Ghineiefbr the 'flni-btliif fldns, had br^idt^d a tf^y whimfidjl chtfige ik the WHithfc voyk^ Hwialarady exceeded/ ib)(f-iit«il*ji. twelv^mttntfh/ tlte tiii%^ it wai at biit, oV patched up with ikin4,'aii4 the Wlouiftla- kttfaftares the/ had^mtft with in the cbi^fe of thHr difcoveries. Thefe were now agalttiftixed altd elied .'•ut with the gat^ieir Hlks and cofttrt* bf Cllirfii*- * ^ Ohtheiruiot January, tw6 feamtti !>^eto|ln«'til>' *A»- ilefoitftitttr forind^meani to rtfri o#1kwA\«1^^ •amd cutter , and notwithaanding diH|en't mt^ W& iBiadei 6oth^ .hat and the foUawiri]^l^y, thiy't^re ; that to lea^aWy tidings tjf to. It Wa)riiJi|-^ joM; that thefe people hid been induced llytyj^^^^^^ ^llikig notion of hiasiin j; a f^iitie by retitflfilijf't^ ^i&l^iflaAds.. • /■ ■ :■ rrr;^'^^; ^ ■ ' IBICES -iV^ tAWtrii^ -ni '^kiir'Ai^' ^f 4^ ^.i^-i' A hahdicriBfiaibiit > o-o- a A*iK3i*m*»i labdttf^'fr6to'^3^ - VM& imntn 'Which hatf ' arHvedltft fear ^phi,. tba^Wthd Flinch %^ bf war, :Capttttid^i«S*Bi^ ^ idfii^fyiieiBnr^iefir^ix)!^^ ^-^-jitir*iie*^«&t.tl^^l^^rtto drtnmiMlf of ilft Aiid p> have baen nven b)r the ^AncricaitCon^gfeiii^ t^tlbe veiftli employea iii< cbetr ferYice. At this iiN l^t]i|;en€e was ftrthei confirmed by the private letters •f l??eral of the rapencargoes* CapUtn Goretkoaght htttfelf bound, in return for the liberal exceptionav made in ^heir favour ». to refrain^ ficom. availing him* lelf of any opportttnitiet of capUre» which thefo: nn-ght zWurdp and to preferve^ throughout Jut voy. *ge» the ftriadi neutrality^ in the morning of the aoth, d»y fleered Weft by South for Pttlo Condore ; and at half paft twelve got Ughtof theiiland. As fbon-as they were come to anchor. Captain Gore fired a gun, with a view of appri^ng the natives of tK^r arrival, and drawing them toward the fliore* but without efi«^.^ None of the natives having yet made their appear- ance» notwithftandifig a fecpnd gun had beea fired,. Captain Gore thought it advifeable to bnd, and gor lafcarch of them. They proceeded through a thick wood, up a fteep hilT, to the diftance of amile, wheii> after defcendine, they arrived at fome huts ; Captaii* Kii^ ordei^d the party to ftav without, left the fight •f & many armed men ftiould terrify the inhabitants*, while he entered and reconnoitred alone. He fbund»^ in one of the huts an elderly man, who was 4n a gseat frijght, and prepaiiilg to make off with the niioft vaTuable efltfit. However,. a fews figns, particularly diat moft fignificant one of holding out a nandful < that by goin^ thither, all their wants would fiie j^ffUfid^ ;Qi> Miehr firft conwago^t of the wppd,: a heidoi buftalpes, .C6 the numbei^ of twenty at ieaft^ came nqan^g ^9* : wards them, to^ng up theli' |ieadS| fiMfiffing thf ^.a^r jindxoaring; ia^a bidepuifmanoer^ ^Thf^ iia ^i^ iboiidf«>yo 4heincAlk6t'*iWh^i< AiUfUfhrd, tk^ h|Hl animaif/ and (ecariitg the a, 'Wl(lc|ii^f chr Ifttffiilofei they wei# tqndvwAi\dk to#i^ itibtflT h^Cwcen ttarenty ahd thi^ 4ilrre#»' fNt befides &t 6t ttHn dtheri .ifi|^ i*o km^i alMTiihiy Mieh;' Th^ ro6f, (he M» ^i^> 9^^i yln^dt ; the oppoitte fide^ iadng^ thef (eit* i^ mtifeljiK 4p<^l hut, hjr ifome of a ibet of bamboo "finpeensj^^ ihe)r cair etclodr tnr lei pat as moeh bf th6 ^n-tut^ W aitliKypItaiei ■ , "' ' .^ i- .. : .. .■ ?/, ^ Tht/^ were cciiid«aed :to th^ l^tz^ hogfe #] #r1^ef Ot C^rtalii, as the)rcaifiK|biii^>refiil >* E;rrtylit thfe tnoniittg of the ifaii^xhtHwm^W Ili6th'fmpf were ftnt to nie town^^to $tdi fMho^lm^ .Witich J vt4fi'pktphsiH. ©ir tth«r:WttWR Ihi^ Miil W«irr*4fc«ift% oirihebteachlwlli^fdjtih loftol :t!HA li^^l^as^ with she utmofr dii0iculty cn^Miiit^^i^^k "lsMteU)e=on:'^aid in:.tho cteningy and i)mwt^sff»w^ liRhk. • employeck^ ( $^ ) mplkrye^ In \hi$ h^(im^,i gaw H t$ flieiir opuikn 'a ttajt betw««A *lliie ▼i<^«iic&^ tlii: Airf, «ii4 the Ectix^- npjb oC ^e^ffal^i^ itwoiiki b«iPKtr«iiiely impfu^t t0,iut«Qipt faprioipiig any more off ia this way. tfTiie)^'^ ^MIil:piircliMeH eigi|t> (and wer«i now at a k^ in, vihzt Tk^ntr u^^frq^ep^ %q get; them on \iouxd. ^ It was at WQod» «ndoyfr ^ |i^ dot^atoa^e bay, .where C^pr tain Gore and Captain King had Uaded the day l^- £Qre,w|iich being iheltered from the^wind* was more ^e ironi furf. This^ plan was accordingly pot in ea^ecution;, but the nntra^ahleneCs and prodigious l|rength of tjjie bu^aloes* rendered it , a tedious and difficult operation. The method ol^, .conducing them Vr^ bjfp^ng jopes through their n«4riis» and round ^irj^orn^i but having been once enraged at the- nght of the failors^ they became fo furious^ that thi^y ibmetime^ broke the trees, to which we were ^ten Hndff the necefiity ef tyine them ; ibmetimes they> toreafniider the cartilage plthe noliril, through which, ^f f^P^f, ran, and got .^oo^» . On thefe occafions , aU otertioni to recover them, would have been inefie&ual^ wi!|]^|itk *«*' iftcauable kiirt t|iatpn«!,o|' f( ajrt ) ^^t^fofliy;that kwfti difficult to (hoot tlteiti." -TM flti|k#v4«6re in wa^t of wood, with whkh this' iflahd (kip!]^ied them. • ' ^ > ^ ^ ^^• ^' The iithabit^nts; who ire ^gitives from Cambodia and Chochin CMna, are not numerous. They are oi^ a ihort ftature, and very fwarthy, and of a weak and;' iifiheahh)> afpe^^Vibut, «s far as they codld judj^e, of f gentle difpofitiop. ^ h On the 2^th p§ January, 1 780, they unmoored f ^d, as Toon asr they w^re clear of the harboiu'^ fieeseC Souih South Weft. ^ ' -^^^r-' ■■ ' ^ .. ,ii^^u ,*d HWf I that be- i ibrc ihe failed^ FrattcerMid :$Paiii ha^ ^clared war againft Great Britain.; «ja4 that lhe»le^s^,ii*. Edward llughei^ with a %ttadiroi|.o^«4en of war» «and a fleet of £aft-India ihips at the Cape. . This news wa&ittdiediately communicated to Cap« taiil Gore. ^ ?. r At three o'clock in '^le morning of the 12th, they ilpod. over ibr Princes liland, ftiideame to an anchor within half a mile of the fhoreil Here they began watering early the next morning, vknd £aifhed the fame ' 4ay. The natives, who came to them foon after they an- chored, broaght a plentifuliuipply of Iftree fowls, and fome tavties; bat the lail« for the. moS part, were veryfmall. : On the 1 8th, they weighed and ftood out to fea, but"" variable winds, prevented their gettinff «inder w^^iltwoin the afternoon, when alight windfprung ^ «« fitoqi the Northward; but this ibon after leaving t£em,'they were obliged to drop thefr anchor #gain> at ~ "eight o'clock that night, in fifty fathoms waler» and f wait till the fame hour the next morning. Captain Ji'ing fays, he wa* exceedingly ilrvck with ^ the frto refesiblance of the inhabitants in figure, cvlbur, mannas, and even language to thofehe.had heas\ (6 con verfant witli in the Sou th Seas« H^re they were well fupplied with fmall to rile, iMid fowls of a mbderate^flKe ; the lail were fold ^c {he •ni^c of ten for a Spanifh doiiau The natives alfo 'UriNight them many) hog, deer, and a prodigto«s num- 1 her xd monkeys, to their, gfeat annoyance, as mod ^'* oil'Che iailova providod. t(ii^feiyea ^^th one, if nut two of thefe troublefome animals. . ^^ «&m'lh«^'t&etims of thexr entering thefe Straits^ they < ' ^iMiiro'expeffieaoetfac^. powerful efMIt of this peili- • 110^ tMify to. dmceiYC dte motiiEe t&cfc jitoplip cfi^i^ have had £br propatitttiae fa waatdn aUcTinalickitl » On the I ^h» Captnn Gok and Captidn K^ wenilr' tb Cape town, and waited «pottrth time dnnng the voyage. ^ > Oft the »2th of Aii|nft^ the^ madi tho weflesn «6aft of Ireland, and alter a fruitlefs at^eppt to get into PortGalway, from whence it was Captain Gore's kitentioA to have &nt the Jonrttals and maps of ^eir ¥ily^ to Loadon, they were obliged, by ftrong; $d|luerly winds, to fteer tiv the Northward. Oj| the. jiid of Auguft, at eleven in the morning, both ihipa. ^une to an anchor at Stromnefs ; and on the 4^ &f^ of Oftobcr ^e (hips arrived iafb at the Nork a&er- tn ablcence of ^nr years, two: ninths, and ,Sitenty- i#odayt. In the conrfe of die voyage^ the ]RefoIiition Iof( bnt five men by fickneis, three of whom. were in ||» vrecarious date of health at their departoe £rom ^|^ lamd ;. the Difcovery did not lo(e a mam An ante.-^ mitt.n{^ attention to the regutationa eftablifhed ^; CaptaiA Cook, may be joftly cbnfidered as the piiofv cipal caofe, ondes the bdefling of divine PJcovidencf ». of this fingularfuccefs. The preventives they prhicipaUy rdied on were- lirar krout andjportable fouip. As to the antifcortm- iicremedies» with which they were am^ly fuppliedi^. they^ b^d no opportunity of trying their effcSts^ as lliiKe did not appear the flighteii fymptons of the- fotvy^ in e^t fllip^ dtudAg thMbovery» that only one of the men that hack Uvtn in tlte Stsaits of Sunda> ftood in need of tliia« medic^f u he alone confumed ^e whole quantityr ufuailly carmd oat by th^ Surgeons^ in fuch- veflels a» theirs. It is vtry extraordinary that is {o long and hazar» dons avoyage^ ct^e two ihips never loft ^ht of-^acln €»ther for a day >logether« except twice ; which wae^ owingj. the firft time». to an acciaent that, happened to the Difcovery oiF ug coaft of Owhyhee ; and the fe» cond, to the fogs fney met with at the entrance oi' Awatika Bay : aitrong proof of the merit of the fi|«i» Valtenn officer!.. W I H I ^. '.*» Jt» A Preft, and in m- few Dajt nmH h fmhUfitJIL A|eaMPENDiaua history Captain Cook*s former Voyages of Discovery; Psinted to correfpond with this Volume and th^ AJIIIIBXSBMIJVT of LORll ANtOlf'tYOjX^CI* « -h; ,J -• * f ■f> ( — '■(. i r. 7 •* '-V f A 4» V h •*».^ l-y.> K' .'■':.ii»fiJrj ?'.;,. 3 < ^ t .1 \ fr,iii.r4dxb/i:ij .^ ,#^ ^^.■ i. U)) -J ,. i.. *>t.7.. . J Li •JO fc*W *: itj (1 •vt. J 'ii' -asOiiiTo'v' •janndl s'l^i :.>i;3 i!|/.:l ^ YH-IV^O (^ X ■t'i-J^-'U%'y ij, ^^■'^r ::'J ). U : ■.:ob ■ '• «) ■*v, 'm. m '* '%^' p*^' A % ii f» .1 .;|IS^^ ^lil||pi||i|ii('i; iM^K A Genekal C 'Cook in this and his IWo prec VrXkW: HfuTBolMrtt of Hit Mj^ct^ ■ y ■ ■ y ■ 1 *t!^ r^ iU u A U i^ OMmyti^ wuMta Jitmt f£BAI. ChABT. id his IWo preceedingVoiCAGBS;with the TRACKS of die SHIPS vin^r bis Command. UbwfO of Hit Ita^tttjk K