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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 .■'-"-"■i-l'-C-*^ Ji'.'.i.'iMi rt I VU K tahkaht languagk. ■ i' ;; I I *»k in I * ' 1 ) 'n V-i'. SOME ACCOUNT (If THE TAHKAHT LANGUAGE, AS spokp:n by sevkiiai. trip.ks ox thk WKSTKHX ('OAST OF VANCOUVER ISLAND. I 'K«. ol. ,n) W^cD r,). a6.«,„. rr„ ^..OC, ^.o^«. .^ A„XoD,., /^.i,/^.,.. S a 1 LONDON: HATCHAUD AND CO., 187 PICCADILLY. 1868. ■■ ^ >• r% 172749 V -^ \ l.oNlMiN ■1 i: AN I W \^ -I AM' Wm.IiEN i'lMMIl! t ,1-1 U' S; , I.(Mi\--iT ^M W.r. w INTKODUCTION. Tm: Talikalit, or Xootku, is an Indian langua-o occurring on the Ani(>n('an coast of the North PaciHc. It extends over a region at present wanting in exact definition. This region, at any rate embraces the coast of the continent from Milbank Sound to Cape Caution, and (extends probably as far as IJute Inlet. It further mcludes the nortli-east coast of Vancouver Island, as far as Cape Mudge, the north-west coast of the same island as far southward as Nitinaht, and the main land from Cape Flattery, or Classet, to a point some hventy miles further south. The tcTm * Tahkaht,' here used for the whole family, as comin- nearest to a genuine name, is strictly only applicable to the tribes on t^he exterior coast of Vancouver Island, which -apply that title to themsehes, and whose dialects are so similar as to be nearly identical. "^ In three vocabularies— one coming from the north-east of Van- couver Island, and two from .Milbank Sound — I find that two have one word in ten allied to the Tahkaht proper, and the other IS nearly identical with it. Mr. George (Jibbs, well known for his labours in the field of Indian language, kindly enables me to furnish the numerals from these three sources, — Numerals. N.E. of V. Islmid. 1 ... Cha-wak ... 2 ... At-lah ... 3 ... Kat-se-chah Milbank Sound. Numm Maatl Yco-tohvv . . . Milbank Sound. Mennoh Mah-loh Vo-toke n T 2 TIIK TAIIKAHT I.AN(a ACiK Nnnu'vals. N.K. of V. Isliiiid. 4 ., Moo 'i So-(.'luih ... 6 ., N0()-J)OO ... 7 .. A(-il-|)oo ... 8 .. At-l's, the Talikaht speecli sto]) a at Nitinaht, not entering the Straits of Fuea, but coming into suddn contact with the hmguage of the Selish family at that point. I o however, does not end here, but crosses to Cape Flattery, or, ;; c some maps have it, Class(4: (i.e. Klahusaht), some distance to tli i south of which it terminates. The supposition that it is clos(>l c' connected with the Cliinook, at the mouth of the Columbia, hn been proved by the exact researches of Ilale, Gallatin, and Gibl)>tl to be an error. The mistake arose from the fact that the tradT jargon used between traders and Indians on the coast, and haviii.ir many Chinook words in it, was found also to contain several Talw kaht terms. It is, however, clearly shown that these latter teriiiif were brought in early days from Nootka Sound, which was igt 'm IM KOnrCTION, a illiiink Sniiml. SUc-owk Kiit-la-oke ISlailowso Ai-k'}'Urt iro rlost'lv all it I earlier li*;i(liii;4' st;iti(»ii tliiiii vwn A-^torin, jmd thijf \\w ti'iio vo- caliiiliiiics (>r ihc Tiilikalif iiiid ('hiiiuok arc as widely (liticrciit IVom encli other, at uiiy rate in suiiud, as any other two t'ainilie.s of Indian Ian Ullage. 'i'hc Tahkahts piopcr, exttMidini;' from NItinaht to Woody Point, are not in any way connected anion^- thenisclv(\s by pi-ovciinnent, each tiihc having' its own chicl's, settlements, teri'itory for hunting, ami fishing ^I'onnds. Hut a common lanj^-naj^'e n-jvcs rise to a good deal ot" nuitnal intcrcoiii's(v, ,is it no donht points to a common orjo-in. They hav(> no >in»j,'le national tei'm (Muhracin;^' all tho tribes. The woid 'Tahkaht ' is lini»aiistic, and means straight or correct [i.r. correctly spcakin*^-) people, in contradistinction to *Owsnp])aht,' by which they dcsiunate all those whose speech they do not nnderstand. 'Tahkaht' is a term ot'li(niour, and ' ( )wsuppaht ' of re])r(Kich, lik(> (ireek and liai'barian in ancient times. The wlioh' people is tlat-headtul, altei'in^ the shape of the bead by pi'(>ssure comnu'nced at birth, and c()ntiiiued Ibr many months. They have a [)(>cnliar custom — not usually practised by the Indians lo tbomselvos \< of the Selish tamilv — of tvinir their hair in a knot beliind. Some ^t of Vancouvt of these habits, apparcMitly trivial, are less chan^'-eable than laii- l to Nitinabt ci gua^i-e, and may temi to exhibit a common origin ov particular aht speecli stoj' affinity, where lino-ual {i«:r(>(>ment.s are obliterated. nin<^- ivito suddi The followino- are the nanu\s of the Tabkalit tribes, in their that point. I order, from south to north: — l*acheenalit, Nitinabt, Ohyalit, Ope- Flattery, or, ichisaht, Howchuklisaht, Torpialit, Sesliaht, Kwkloolaht, Kiltsmaht, distance to tli Klaho([ualit, Abousaht, ^NFanosaht, llislupuiyaht, Moouchalit, Xoo- bat it is cb)scl chablaht, Ayhuttisaht, Ky-yooquaht, Cbayklisalit. e Columbia, bii The connnon termiiud, a//f, means house or settlement, and atin, and Gibli- thence peoj)le, and is the root of mahtf and mahkdJite, a house. \\, that the trad The same termination with the meaning of peojde may be noticed oast, and haviiiin Tahkaht and Owsuppaht. In speaking of the English people, ain several Talwhom they have beeri taught to call ' King George-men,' they lese latter tern use the term ' King Georgeaht.' Their territories do not alw^ays which was I'go by similar names with their settlements, and never end m n/it, .^ • i .T .A', £# 4 rilK IMIKAIII I,AN(il \(ii;. a termination iniplyin;^- Ii(mis<' (n- ]KHMiliili(»n, hut not liind. Tlui. tlio territory of the rjiclicciiiilits is called ' raeheenah,' tliut u\ the Seshahts, ' Scshah.' The unitonnity of the tenninal air has heen overlooked hv siir\('Vors and trnvellerH, Jewitt inehided HO that we tind the; ^rejitest variety in s])(dlinj^ thi.s final syl- hd)le. For Klaliusaht, the (^a])e Flatt<^ry trihe, 1 find * Classet in the Charts, and ' Klaiz/art ' in .Jewitt; for iroweliuklisalit * Uehuklesit ;' for Seshaht and Toquaht, ' S(>shart ' and *Toquart; for Kwkloolaht, * rdiielet ;' for Klaho(|uaht, * Klayoquot ' in tlh Charts, and ' Klaoocjuate ' in .lewitt ; for Kiltsniaht, 'Kelseniart: for Manosaht, ' Manawussit ;' for Hish(iuayaht, Ayhuttisaht, Kv' yooqualit, ' Eshquate,' 'Aitizzart,' ' (.*ayu(![uet.' Jewitt's little hook is most interestin('f hut he seems to have missed (he fact that the names of all tlit tribes liave the same termination. It may be mentioned here tlur he speaks of one tribe in his day (18()o) which formed an exceptioi to the above ruhs and went by the name of Wikinninish. Theit is little donbt, from his description, that this was the Nitinali tribe of the present day. The term ' Wikinninish,' which has did ont as a tribal name, was found as a personal name, held by a ehi( at the time of the destruction of the Tonqnin, 1811, and by Seshaht chief, who died at middle age in 18G4. The religion of the people is, like that of all the North Americai Indians, not idolatrous, but pantheistic. Everything animate iwv inanimate has its spiritual counterpart, and spirit influences spirit and often changes its habitation regardless of its material repn sentative. Their word fo." shadow and reflexion is the same as thii for soul ; and a tree, a blanket, a musket, has as much a soul, c spiritual being, as a nmn. This principle underlies all their super stitions and beliefs. When a perscm is sick the soul is suppose to be weak, and the nu'dicine-num performs a cure by bringiii. his own soul into conjunction with the sick man's, and so giviii. it renewed strength. In case of great sickness, the soul is supposr^ ii INTKODrcnoN, \U)\ Iniul. rliii actually to hiiNc left tlic Ixxly, and ciitci'cd thr place oi' spirits. It' ln'oiiali, that i. it tro Into a Ihuisc there the sick man dies; hut so h)n«jf as it lias not he terujinal m. done so it niav vet he hi-ouyht hack hv tlie inedieine-nian sendiny- J(»witt included \ii^ o^vii soul in putsuit, seizinj; that of the sick man, and hrin^Mn"^ \r tliis final syl it hack a^^ain. 'J'heir niytholo^'-ii's are sin<»ular, vei'V nunuM'ous — I find ' Cliissct for thev seem to havi* stories connected with almost evervthinyf Ifowchuklisalit in naturt and often very |)oetical. I'he whole tone shows a heliel' and 'To(piart: in metempsychosis, and is in thorou<,di acc(>r(hin(;o with the Indian [aycKpiot ' in tli legciids of Lon 14 lei low's 'Hiawatha.' ht, * Kelsenmrt ; The ])eopl(» are hy nature violent, l)rav(\ and treacherous, and Lylrattisaht, K\ Lave trom time to time en»i a distant tribe sought shelter lames of all tli- for the night, ami, while their emertainer.s slept, rose and killed itioned hero thu neaiU ihe whole of them In aiutthtM instance 11 whole tribe, while ined an exceptioi eiigaged in tishing, was caught by its enemies and destroyed, [inninish. Thciv AVe have detailed j)ublishe(l accounts in (lo'inexion with these vas the Nitinalr people from three dilfeient sources. The first is that of (-aptain ' which has dici Cook, who stayed at Nootka Sound for a month (March and April, 3, held by .a chit 177S), and kept on friendly terms with the natives the whole time. 1811, and by He gives a vocabulary of some two hundred words, showing their language to he substantially the same as at present. The next North America! is contained in a very interesting little book published by Andrus, ing animate inv Ganntlett, and Co., Xew York, and entitled ' Jewitt's Narrative.' influences spirit Jewitt was jin Knglishman of some education, who sailed on board i material repn the American shij) lioxtoii, as armourer, ami in her visited Nootka the same as tha Sound. AVliile anchored thore this vessel, manned bv twentv-seven much a soul, hands, including the captain, was captured by the savages, and every \ all their super soul slaughtered except Jewitt and another. These stayed with the soul is supposci savages nearly thre(> years, and were then rescued. Jewitt's book lire by bringiii. desc^rves to be better known than it is. Of the ninety words which s, and so giviiu he sets down in his vocabulary, T recognise all but six as being soul is suppose substantially the sjime as the language now spoken. .■i4t 6 TIIK TAHKAUT I.AXGLAGK. The above were hotli visits to Nootkii Soiiiid ; the third wiis !, Xhiho([uaht Somul, and presents a triigie story not often eqiuillcfi in horror. The full aecount is <>iven with grapliie i)ower ii Washington Trving's 'Astoria.' Jolm Jacob Astcn-'s vess(»l, thi Toiiqnii), of 21)0 tons, earryino' ten guns, and manned by tweii1\ men, wus (h^stro>'ed bv tliese suvn<''es, wlio nnii-dered every soul (n board except on(% wlio (bed by his own act, and an Indian int(M- preter, wlio afterwards esca])(Ml and gave a full aecount of the eveiil The savages were rejoicing in tlu>ir success, and ransacking \\v captured vessel, when a W(mnded man, tlu' sole survivor of his com rades, put a match to tlu* gunpowder, killing of course himscll as well as some forty Indians. AVashino'ton Jrvinjj: does not "ivt either the exact locality of the occurrence, or the names of tin tribes engaged. The Indians themselves, at the present day, haw the story by heart — no doubt it is often told at their firesides, [v there are still some of their ehler nuMi who were eye-witnesses 0: the deed. They give a most circum.^tantial account of the wholi matter, and name Klahocpiaht Sound as tlie scene of the terribl outrage, and the Klahoquahts and Aliousahts as joint perpetrator- Both these tribes have a name among their neighbours of beiii;' ptirticularly tierce and wailike ; and the Ahousahts, having hitcl\ destroyed a trading sloop and murdered two men, have been severely punished by a Ih'itish man-of-war. The Tahkaht legends and superstitions agree entirely in cha- racter with North American tradition <>'enerally. It may be well to describe one custom among them, clung to with great tenacity, and said to be of very ancient origin ; it is mentioned by Jewiti who, however, from his position as n slaves and I'n.ni the necessity he was under to leavT^ the lodge at the time the celebration wii« going on, was unable to give a very full Jiccount of it. The nauu of this celebration is ' Kloo(piahnah.' It always takes place in tin winter, near upon Christnuis-duy : in Jewitt's time, at any rate. with the tribe with whom he lived, annually, but amon;»'st tin tribes of Barclay Sound, at the present time, oidy about vwvx thro III INTRODUCTION. 7 ; tlio third wiis i, years. It Lists tor soveral duys, a ^rt'iit part of the porforinance lot often equalld coiisiNtiii^- in a prt^TeinU'd altack upon the hxlges hy wolves, whieh i^rapliie power ii cany otf th(^ chief's c-liildren. Ainon<2^ the younj^er ehiklren, who Lstor's vessel, tli. are not initiated, there is ofleii a •^•ood deal of alarm, as the whole anned bv tweiit\ tribe turns out [)ainted, and arnuMl as if to resist an attaek ; and ^red every soul oi there is niucli shouting and lii-ini:;-, with advanees and retreats. an Indian in1(>! The e(>lebralion culminates in a human saeriiiee, in whieh some poor 'ount of the even; old slave, whose day of usefulness is gone by, is generally the victim. (1 ransacking ih Stabb(>(l to death by an excited and furious crowd — for the worst rvivor of his com- passions are juoused on such an occasion — the body is exposed for f course himscll several days upon the rocks, in a state of nudity, and various rites, h\<^ does not oi\, consisting of howling, dancing, and shouting, in which the elder ;he names of tlii children are made to take l)art, are performed over it. The sacrifice, present day, hav. although considc^r(>d an integral part of the celebration, is not their tiresides ii> always cariied out, Jilthough it was so in the ease of which I was an } eye-witnesses d eye-witn(^ss, an old femah> slave being put to death in a most brutal lunt of the whoL "manner. JSuch a dreadful addition to the proceedings was not le of the terribl expected by tlu^ snudl civilised population of the neighbourhood, joint i)erpetratoi> "^i' i^ niight probably have been prevented. The Indians themselves *''hbours of beiii" describe lliis custom as an institution having the effect of making lits havino* latch ^crci^ and bad hearts. Tliey tell us not to come amongst them lave been severelv vvliile it is going on, as life would not be safe. I am of opinion — in which I am supported by another person well acquainted with entirely in cha- thesc^ trib(\s — that the whole aim of the performance is to accustom It may be weli ^^® young rising generation to alertness in war, and inditference to h "Teat tenacity. ^^^^ siglit of blood and deatli. It is probably kept up by the mass tloned by Jewitt ^nerely foi- superstitious reasons, though the chiefs and more cunning rom the necessity Iliads ukiv see this us(> in it. e celebration wii> ^ h(^\o give Jewitt 's account of what is evidently the same of it. The nanii custom. It will be remend)ered that Jewitt and Thompson lived in takes place in tin *^® condition of slaves, with a tribes of the Tahkaht Indians, for inie at any rati' nearly thiee years. Jewitt writes: 'On ilie morning of the l-kh but amon«''st ih ^^^ Septend)er comnuMiced what ai)peared to us a most singular farce, about (>verv thro Appaivntly without any previous notice the chief discharged a M It 1)1 8 THE TAHKAIIT l-ANGfAfiK, imtol close to his son's ears, who iiniiiedlately fell down as if killed at which the women set up £i great howl of liunentation. At tli> same time ti great number of the inhabitants rushed into the housf armed with daggers, muskets, &c., inquiring the cause of the outcry These were immediately followed by two others, dreased in wolt skins, who came in on their hands and feet, in the manner of ,; beast, and, taking up the prince, carried him off upon their back> We saw no more of the ceremony, as the chief, our master, orderer us to quit the house, and not return for seven days, as if y\, ajjpeared before that time he should certainly kill us. At tli end of seven days we returned, and on the following day tli proceedings terminated with a most extraordinary exhibition. Thrc' men, each of whom had two bayonets run throujjh his sides, betwcei the ribs, apparently regardless of pain, traversed the room back wards and forwards, singing war-songs, and exulting in this displai of firmness. We shortly afterwards visited the Aitizzarts, witi whom we witnessed a similar exhibition. On this occasion twenty men entered the chief's house, with each an arrow run throng! the flesh of his sides, and either arm, with a cord fastened to tli. end, which, as the performer advanced, singing and boasting, wa forcibly drawn back by ji person having hold of it. Maquiiiii the chief, in explaining the similar proceedings at his own settle ment, informed me that it was an ancient custom of the natioi to sacrifice a man at the close of the solemnity in honour of theii god, but that his father had abolished it, and substituted this ii its place.' Such, somewhat abbreviated, is the description of Jewif which, though he mentions no particular name as connected witl the performance, evidently applies to the Kloohquahnah. I: down as if killed lentation. At tli, led into the hous, iiusc of the outcry , dre»Hed in wolt the manner of , 1113011 their bai*k> iir master, orderof [>n days, as if ay. kill us. At til. 'olio wing day tli exhibition. Thrc' his sides, betweoi d the room back ing in this displu e Aitizzarts, witi is occasion tweiit) rrow run througl rd fastened to tli and boasting, y^-n of it. Maquiiiii at his own settle om of the natioi in honour of thci mbstituted this ii icription of Jewif as connected will [juahnah. TAHKAHT GRAMMAR. THE LANGUAGE. rHRHAi's it is not fanciful to suppose that the Tahkaht language is in that elementary condition from which the more formed lan- guages have sprung, or rather is exhibiting that incipient process of mutation, by which Awy came into their present condition. It is easy to detect, undorlvinjj tlie Avhole, a system of roots ; but these, unlike what we are told of the roots of the Chinese tongue, are not gonondly in tliemselves words, and suffer bo much change by the abbreviation of contraction, or elision, as sometimes to lose their identity. There are appearances of grammatical construction, just enough to indicate an unconscious effort after more systematic expression — an effort continually foiled by the limited reasoning powers of those who use the language. One feature to be noticed is, that it is essentially a language of consonants, all the stress, as a rule, being on these and the main significance contained in them. Owing to this, while it is comparatively easy, after practice and careful listening, to take down the consonants correctly, it is much more difficult, and one is liable to much more mistake, in getting the vowels. This is exhibited in what has before been noticed with regard to the terminal of the tribal names, where all agree with regard to the fimd /, while diffei-iiig so much in the vowel. Even Indians themselves pronounce uncertainly and vari- ably in this respect. A( the same lime, after experience, and with 10 TIIK TAIIKAHT I,AN(a :A(iK. •I cure, tlio great majority of vowel souikIh can be written dowi correctly. There is one soimd ])eculiar to the hino'na<^e, and very predonii nant in it, whicli lias been noticed by otlier writers, particularh by ^Ir. Anderson, snrp^t^on anchor Captain Cook's connnand, in 177^ It cannot exactly be si«>-niH(>(l by any letters of our alphabet, hu has been o-reatly nusre])resented by the use of too many lettci> in a vain endeavour to give its full force. The test of all sud attem])ts is to pronounce the word so written to a native, and sci if it be recognised bv liini. The sound — wliicli has one or tw' what may be called cognate forms — may be spelt most correctly though still inade([uately, by //, ////, ///. In pi-onouncing, care nuis be taken not to introduce a vowel; and in giving- the /sound tin breath must be prolonged between the tongue and roof of the nioutli thus introducing the // with almost, but itot (/iiifc, a hissing sound Instances of these sounds are presented in the words Jfoo/.s/iit/, ii which the // is not to be pronounced tc/, ILilniunt/h, JI/ssoo///. Another point of considerable interest is the wondei-ful readincs of the Indian in tln^ invention of new words. No noveltv comt under his notice but it soon gets u name, which rapidly spread among the tribi\s, and is a(hl(-d to th(> national vocabuhuy. Tlii> I suppose, is likely to be u feature of language in its natural aiK elementary state, where the roots, if not always understood, an felt, and ilnd an luiconscious expression. The parts of speecli are not \(>i'y determinate or strictly defmel at the same time not a iew substantives, adjectives, and verbs, ;i W(dl as a few prepositions and pronouns, may be found ; but ; considerable body of words is only in a position, as it were, o becoming some of these, and at jiresent in a state of transition. While the people aro so ready in forming new words, and mos skilful in specifying, the language exhibits a great deticiency ii the power of generidisation. For some most patent genera I hav, a dilHculty in finding out that they have any terms at all. Tf tlu^ have any words for iish or beast, thev are at anv rate far froii TAHKATIT GRAMMAR. 11 be written dowi and A'eiy predoiiii- riters, piirticulinh 'unmmnd, in 177N our nlpliabet, lnr too many lettcis e test of all skcI a native, and t^ci li has one or t\V' At most eorrectlv uneing, care nuis ig the / sound tin roof of the nioutli ', a hissing souik! vords Jlools/iif/, ']]. ), llissooIJi. 'ondei-ful readino- ]So novelty eouu- ft/ h rapidly spiread- voeabuLiry. T]ii> ft. in its natural am; s understood, ar> 3r strictly definel ves, and yerbs, n^ be found ; but : 11, as it were, n' [} of transition. \v words, and mo-' reat deticiency ii. ent genera I liavi us at all. If till'} aiiv rate far IVdii being in common use. At tlie same time, tlie name of each beast and iisii is a liouseliold word with them. It is probable, however, that tin's peculiarity l)cl()ngs to savage language generally, as distinguished from that of <'ivili/e(l nations. It is a f'atur{> of tiiis language that, to a certain extcnit, the words ar(^ like sentences and the sentences like words, no definite distinction in every case exislinii' between tlie two. An Indian having ti-anslated a .sentence into his own tongui', will often be unable to point out the dilfer(«nt words of which it is composed. Although it consist (»f' a long sentence, he will say it as all one word. In conversing among tlu^msc^lvc^s tliey use many contractions and (4i->io]is, which tlny^ often })urp()sely increase to prevent a per- 'son only iiartiallv versed in theii; laiiu'uaii-e from understandina- them. An Indian expressed this featui'e of their speech to me by saying that ' lh(\y only speak half \\\\vn among themselves.' In like maniK^r, many of tlunr Avords retain, to a certain extent, the srructui'e of sentence's. A good instance of this is the name of an eatabh^ berry growing u]3()n rocky and mountainous places, at some distances Irom their houses, which are always by the sea or ri\er ,si{h\ The name of tlie berry is ■siHi/f(Hh)o.r//rt.s, as at present prononncfHl. It is no doubt derived from the descriptive sentence lirst spokiMi by the person (probably a woman) who dis- covered it. Slie would arrive, weary but proud, with her basket of fruit, at her lodge. Il(^r friends would crowd round and ask eager (juestions about the new berry, and she, as the Indian manner is, would begin to magnit'y the toil and merit of her dis- u 7ery, and say some such words in a plaintive tone as s'/z/fih nah.^lnt/dh hidojujiIi //f/f.soo/,\ which conveys the idea that she had looked for them far away walking upon the rocks. The radical portions (if this description would combine to form the word sim((n/t()(,\''//(>fs, being -s/, far off; n((, to look or see; hioo.v, rock or stone ; //cfH or f/af,^, to walk. To take another example : They have a word, /ra//->rij/, which in(>ans he or they sj)eak or shout, but the lei'iniiuition .'//,/. as thv s\<^\i of the third person of the verb 12 tup: tahkaht lancu acje. is only used when the person or persons spoken of are out of si^ht Now this same word (nih-win is only used of a kind of huntiiu in whieli those engaged surround their game, and, concealin^ themselves, drive them them together by shouting. Often as on. visits the Indian houses or coasts along in a canoe, the wein voices of these hunters come musically forth from the depths o the forest, while not a num is to be seen. In answer to tli. question VWhat is that J' ' the reply is * Wahn'iu ;* which, thougl originally a verb, is now used substantively, and is the speciti name of that manner of huntiu":. NUMERALS. i. Tsow-wauk, Noup. 2. Atlah. 3. Kots-tsa. 4. Mooh. o. Sootcha. 6. Noop-pooh. 7. Atl-pooh. 8. Atlah-quilh, Atlah-sini. 9. Tsow-wauk-quilh, Tsow-wauk sirn. 10. Hy>yu. 11. Hy-yu ish tsow-wauk. 12. Hy-yu ish atlali. And so on to 19, inclusive-— iW* 20. Tsokkits. 21. Tsokkits ish tsowwauk, aii' so on. 30. Tsokkits ish hy-yu. 31. Tsokkits isli hyyu ish tsow wauk, and so on. 40. Atleyk. 50 Atleyk ish hyyu. 60. Kots-tseyk. 70. Kots-tseyk ish hyyu. 80. Mooheyk. 90. Mooheyk ish hyyu. 100. Soocheyk. 200. Ilyyueyk. meaning and or ivith. And the numeratirm is continued in a similar manner to almost any number. I should mention that I was acquainted mth this peo})l. almost a year without getting to know a very patent peculiarity of their numeration. As will be seen, they dJrive their term for forty, sixty, eighty, one himdred, not as we do ours, but rcspce- TAIIKAHT GRAMMAR. 1:5 f are out of si^h* kind of huntiii. , and, concealiii. ng. Often as on canoe, the weir roni the deptlis d [n answer to tli V ; ' which, thongl id is the speciti ish tsowwauk, aii' ish hy-yu. isli hyyu ish tsow and so on. h hyyu. k. k ish hyyu. ish hyyu. nanner to alnio,<' vnth this peo})L patent peculiaritv ve their term foi ours, hut respec- tively from two, three, four, aiul tive. Persons wlio first hear their numerals, and even traders and others who have communi- cated with them for some time, take it for granted that they use the natural decimal mode and apply the tei*ms accordingly; and the Indians readily adapt themselves to this, altering their words to suit the mistaken idea. ]^ut among themselves they adhere to the manner of numeration given ahove. It may also be noticed that the terms :or one (noop) and two {atlah) occur in those for six and seven, because they are counted on the first and second fingers of the second hand. As the Indian (until tnught to copy our habit) counts, not by extending his fingers, but by bending down one after another, the most prominent feature of his hand when he has reached eight is that two fingers are left extended — when he has reached nine that one mure is left. This accounts for the recurrence of atlah and tsowuauk in their words for eight and nine respectively. This explanation comes from an Indian. A very curious feature of the luimeration is that while when applied to certain objects the numerals are used simply and with- out any addition, there are other classes of substantives the indi- viduals of which are apparently of a most incongruous nature, with which the numeral is only used with a particular suffix. Man (Ao-z/.s), woman ijialtquati, klooi.smah), salmon {txoowif, JiiHsif)^ frog (wa/t-it), with many others, take only the simple numeral, and never noopf but only tsoinraidi for one. Many other words use only noop for one, and with them every numeral takes the addition kamilh. Perhaps this is the most numerous class, including all sorts of money, clothing, birds, and beasts, as well as houses, stones, guns, paddles, months, and many more. A second suffix used with the numeral is mk or wkko. It is added when trees, masts, canoes, boats, or ships nre spoken of. 14 IlIK TAHKAin F.ANGf AfiK. TlIK F()li:\IATrOX OF WORDS. As has 1)0011 Ix^foro roiiiarkod, tlio words of tlic laTi<;'iia^'o ;i! (loinposed of roofs;, wliioli often inid(M'«i"o n y-ood doal of oliain ill eoiiipositioii, and aro soniotiinos so altoivd as not to be roadii recognised by the nativ(^s tlu^insclvos. Tlio people, how(n'(^i', exliil the greatest aptitude in inventing names for new objects, and n: neat and appropriate name is ([uickly taken np by the rest iii so becomes universal. The foHowing rire iiislances of compoundi words of which tlie original meaning can be ti'accd : — MiiIi}ii((flilfJi. A term applitnl to every person not an India Its original meaning is ' liouso-like ' imuhin-m' 7ti), and refers the sliips in which strangers first visited tlieii .diores. Ycf.^ci/ctsokhh. A screw steamer. So named from f/rf.'^-?/ffsii to kick frequently, because when first the Indians saw such vessel they thought that the propulsion must be eliected by soni thing like the stroke of a swimmer's legs. A/i-(id-//. A turkev. These birds were first seen bv the nativ during my stay anions' them. A woman invented the nam which means 'bald hen' [(i/i-dh-Jie-m^kj/). Sin)ia)jiOfw//('f-s. The name of a berry. It contains the fo roots, ,s/, )ri/i, moo.rf/n//, //cts, which mean sevc^ralh' distance, sigl rock, walk. Tlie name, of course, implies that the first per.M who discovered the berries walked over the rocks a loim- distaii to look for them— a description which cpiite agrees with t locality of the berry. It may be noticed that the root //rfs, hv meaning to w;dk, i>ntcrs into //f/.sc //rf.sok/c//, mentioned aboye, wi the meaning of kicking. The full v.ord meaning to kick is f/cf.s/n and to walk i/cf.sook, or, iis it is more frequently pronounce ydfsook. Yah]q)}(8. A proper name, signifying beard man, and deriv from //a//I,-pd/(hr/, a beard, a /,o-hs, a man. Ya /iJqM'I.it he / cowVai the root f/a/tk, which means loury. lAHKAUT CKAMMAH. 10 Hi /initi/ /,•///). The ci'oss on tlic rDof of a clmrch ; from h'mnnittah- ^DS. 2)ehj a crows-bar, and hokhi/h, a liouso-staff. I cannot disci tvcr any common rule bv wliicli the above and f the lang'u.'io'o a: similar foi'mations are o'ov(>rned, so as to enable me to form words k1 d(n»l of cliaiii in a similar manner myself. (Composition with tlie word oJi-oli-htoh', < not to be readi! like to, is tlie only instance n])on which I have been able to le, how(n(^r, exli II found a rule. So far as T have obsc^rvcMl, they only seem to form ew objects, and ;i: words according' to the l'ollowinf>: rule in givin"' names to differcnii p by the rest ;i! articles of food, but this is doub'ful. In forming the names of ices of compound! things by usino- (ih-oh-hnok, and describin*;' them as 'like to' •accd : — • something- else \vhi<'h has [dready of oJi-aJt-kooh. If, howevei-, the reduplicated syUable 1 from //rfxr-?/rf.\ni end. in a consonant this is dropped in the reduplication. Thus we iidians saw such find the term oJi-oJt-kook, signifying likeness, apparently only c eiiected by soim represented in the new composite by the tenniiud hook, which of itself would be insuflicienl to convey the meaning of its original, seen bv the nativi I^ut we must notice that oh-oli-kooJ: has ii double syllable which ivented the naiii' is in itself significant, and conveys the idea of two similar things standing side by side. This reduplication, then, in itself implying contains the foi, likeness, is transferred from one word to tlu^ otluT. And thus the illv distance, si<>lrnew name composinl of twit words is made up of the body of one at the first i)ers(iand the reduplication and terminal of the other. It will be cks a h)n'>' distam readily seen that this applies to the foUowing instances, which 3 ao-rees with iL^i^-ve all been explained to me on this principle by a n;itive : — the root yc/x, hei Kli-klitskool'. Flour. From k/ifsi/fis, chalk, and olt-oJi-kook. itioned {d)ove wit. S(-ss!i(i.'r('ffi\ a small brown shell, and the same. [ man and derive Wah-wtdi-cJir-kook, turnips, from irah-oh, a small eatable bulb, alikpckiik^el Qowiim^^^ seem to be a]i exception, but is not so in reality. When first the Indian saw tui'uips they were small and very like the 16 THE TAHKAIIT LAN(a'A(iK. walt-olt, wlionco tlicy wen* culled H-aJt-nah-hmk. When the turm grew larj^o the luune was felt to he iiiiipj)r()i)riate, and was chaii}.' into that given above, the additional .syllable vlir^ or ayh)\ nieaiii great or large. U0( )TS. Tfiottgii unable to trace the complete derivation of many woii the presence of significant roots is often very discernible. Na, nah, nafs, an, ahi, nark. Perception by the senses; light, a opposed to darkness. Ahnnch! Look! Ndnich, Nashetl. To look. Yatspmmich. To walk out and look about. Klayherpannich. To paddle out and look about. Nah-choil/i. Found, i.e. seen (of a tliinfi^ lost. Nahchoolh. A copy or pattern. Nah-chalh. A proplit.'t or seer. Nalitiich. The stock duck, noted among Indians for its quick sight. Natsoh. To see. Nail -ah. To hear. Nay-jiee-e. Echo. Annah-ah. To gamble (in wli the great aim of one part) to see what the other tries conceal.) Nah-nktl. To feel. Nah-ah-jtay-chitl. To taste. Neetsah. The nose. Nas. The sky, day. Nahpee., Xayitluk. Light. Nas-shitL The day-spring. ILdJ. Binding, tying, and thence fastening and locking. Miitlahsah. To tie or bind to- gether. MatUmayaoom. Iron hoop of a cask. MutUlh. Im})risoned, locked-up. Mutlilhoowilh. The lock-up; the jail. Mutlsahp. To lock (of a door). Mutlshitl. To bind round. I Mutltoop. String. I Mutliju. Bound, tied, locked, fi tened. Che-chah-mutl-pyik. A boat. T 7nutl points to the distincli feature of a boat being made many pieces of wood faster together, while the canoe mainly of one piece. 1' Wlicn tho furiii to, and was cluuu' /ir, or fi?/hr, moanii lAllKAUT (illVMMAK. .///, >it/((/i. Dunlitv 17 Adah. 'V\\{' luiiiM Till 2. AtlftHCH'li. Tlw iork of ii bonah. Atlsliiiniik. To^iclhcr ; in «'(>in|iiiiiy or of ;i river. uidi (said (»t' iwo [KM-fjoiis), AfUii/lt. Small hraiichcs knotted Ah-utlsoowU. liijual. i together to show a trail. Clinh, fsHh\ ts. Water. Chunk. Water. Tsuuh. A rivi'r. Chukootsuk. A storm at sea. ChtsHhlilis. Name of a tract of low land full <(f tide sloughs and often partially overflowed. tioii of many worr ceriiible. le senses ; light, jb hear, ^cho. Fo gamble (in wlii t aim of one party lat the other tries o feel. hitl. To taste. e nose. y, ilh. New-born. i one newly corae. c '^k^ r V 1 i.s Tlir. I All K AH I l,AN(aiA'\atiiros most distinf^uisliing tbc boat from tbo ( are noted in the rh(\ which denotes pidling, and the nudl, fastei i.e. the fastening- of many pieces t(^f?ether. Clm pr(d)ably ii c]tfip)ltR. T^p, (i]ip, ap. Central, midway. Ahpeclsoo. Central. IJjxinnnlh. A l)Oundary, a di\ Ahpnnnuk. Appli(Ml to nny thing line. placed betwe(m two other ; Upitsaska. The top {i.e. cent things. the head. Appoonil-nas. Mirhlay. Cp-kyh. The top of a monnt Appoint utff/h. Midnight. I J 't i hi •■'if Ajiln\ r1n\ uj/li, vi. Size, excess, supc^rlative. Ay-nyhr-shc. lie ({uick ! be very Ay-chini. A very old mn quick I woman. I \HK \HF (;ir\>rM \u. 19 ^»\ a tribe. . , , . , but not to tli(! ivYnvAyhr-irnhtL ( )!' Lnval value; viilu- (he tcrritorv <»f »'>'<': <'X|'<'M*iv»'. s is named S>.shali Atf-j/ah-hnnmts. The tlmnil). . A term appli. .1 ';/''*-''''"'"'^' Wvaw. •sons not Indians. ^'^^i/^H'- ^Ni'i'i fealliers; in contrast X 'houHcdike,' tVoiii to /;//-//'///', Mnall feat lieis. I wlii'jh tbreif^iu rs l. the natives. Some yi e word Matuatlc \w same) was us(< inook jargon to v^'mKaaahitl. Vo die, to kill. Knasonh^itoop. To iisj)i(h. h((//, chid.) 20 rm-; lAHKAfn i,A\(;T-ArjE. Tahk. 8traif?bt, correct, truthful, essential. Tahkoktl. Correct, proper, true, the truth. Tahkokstootl. To tell the truth. Tahk-aij-us. Panilh.'l. Ta hk-a.ji- uk. 3 trai f^h t. Tahkscheet. Straij^ht. Tahkajumh. Tlie shaft of a en or a pillar. l\ihliuk. To jrrant a request. I Tdhts-tahk'soolli. A jj^uide. T(tJi])iit. Thought, prepiiration, computation. Tahputaifik. Weij^hing-scales ; a measure. Tah-tah']mt-hu}>. An object set up to shoot at. Tah-tah put-hi. To consider, think over, to prepare, to pm tise, to rehearse. T^ik, fsa///,-, fsrri,'. Speaking. Tseka. To speak. Tsekd-tscka. To speak much, to babble. Tsny-uk-palh. To wrangli-. Tsrth-iuilh-lnippeh. To make oration. Tsi/i-k(if/ta/i. To command, order. rr//i-. Negation. It is probable that nearly all the words beginning with /r//. the vocnbularv arc negatively coinpounckHl. Vrfs, yafs. Walking, kieking. Vntsnok. To walk. ]etshitl. To kick. Vetseh-yeisah. Tu kick frequr-ntly y', aetive natun^ of tlie niornin"- light, which is ever ) consider . . enare to pra ^^ *^*^ increase. Siniihirly tooji-slut/, evening (from toop-liook, bhick), ahk-shiti, Itou-ah-nicncliitl, and others. To make command. 2: with ivik tip upon Av; valk out a up and dov ^e. ccineoushci! mg bL.»,r'.l (i lair), escape I Ah-chitl. To reach after. Ahk-shitl. A little below high water. Ahtk-shitl. To set apart. Chah-hnf-ahitl. Astouislied, balked, startled. Cheetashitl. Cokl (appHed only to personal sensation ;. Chuk-shitl. To awaken a person. Ei'yahk-shitl. To escape the memory. Hah-oh-(initl-chitl . To change. Hay-her-salit-clntl. To bleed. (liitrans.) HistokshitL To come. Hoo-ah-m('n-( hitl. An eddy or back- wafer. Hnw-mis-shitl. A pledge. Howtsltifl. 'Vo sprinkle. Hus-chifl. A fugitive, a v;iiiiil>ond. a refugee. llffshitL lilack currant. (Prohably the tii'st, svllM,!>le of ikis word i' is Injsli. in which case its radical tertninal would be ///, :m)<1 it would not riu'hllv coaie inio this cateuorv.) Kaa-shitl. To die, to kill. Kah-sliitl. To steal, to pluude), to ravish. Klahk-ih-slntl. To stand up, i,e. to rise to standing position. Klah-kincli-lif/-cliitl. A dead body. Klaht-nillh-uk-shitl. A thing fu- ture. Klaif-vlnll. To shoot. Klay-huk-slntl. Thin, wasted (of a person). Klees-shitl. The dawn. Kh'ctshitl. To steer. KlunmukshUl. To wake up another. Klohp-sliifl. To wash the face. Khitcltifl. To take in sail. Kohpsh itl. To point with the finger. Ko-i-chitl. To grow (of a child). Kut-shid. To pinch. K>/-i/((lL-('liifl. Adrift . J^fuiiKikshlfl. To fasten the dress or blnnker bv tyini>:. Moo/i-sliitl. The hanuner of a gun. Muol-shitL Flowing tide, flood tide. Mat I -s hit I . To bind round. MnfshifL To tly. Aa/t-ft/f'/)(ti/-r/iitl. To taste. Xeels/iitl. To bend the head back- wards. Nihsliifl ')'o scratch, to claw. yisk-shitl. To sneeze. yo-hah-sliiti To bury. ':!; 22 THK lAHIvAH'l' I.AX.l AfJE. I yupk'Shitl. To opon the eyes. Nuk'Shitl. To (li-ink. Pool-tee-clntl. Sleepy. Poiv-wrl-shetl. To be Usi, to be missing. Qumv-rjuk-shifl. To stinj; (of a was[) or otlier insect). Qnis-haif-chltL To ehiingi' the heart, to repent. Quia-tohp-chltl. To become, lo chanj^c into. Shaytl-nok. To oliange quarters, to migrate (of a tribe or tninily). It is probable thiit in the iirst syllable of this word we have the same root as the tennii shrtl. Shoh-shitJ. Rusted, rusty, Tai/tsh -sli itl. Flame. Tdji-chifL To throw. Tohh-shifl. To melt, (rntrnn-^. Toitp-sliiil. Evening, sun-dow twilight. Tsolipsliifl. Flood-tide, a flood, ovei'flow. JMf-sJiitl. To nod the head. IVclslietL To go home. ]'('fsliitl. To lick. ■ Yiik-sliifl. To sweep, to fan. Happcli, uppcli, xappcJi. Gi'eatness, excess, superiority, the superliitive. Chah -ch tun-mns-sappcfi . Very s^veet, sweetest (from chummns). Eh-cJir-hnppch. Greatest, vir Kreat (from elir). additi from blank of ear black ( Wish- Klatj- h Attall . ( It that walki spok The other superlatives with this termiual are given in connexii with the rules of comparison. Tsevk-niilli-liiippch. To make ; oration. Ma;/Jli-huppvh. Balanced, i.e. 3/nt/I/n-/iffppe/t, verr much, or completely alike. ILipjx'li adds additional loree to the t^rvk-niilh [fticckd kaiiti which means 'to speak abundantly.' Ilhy 111. This syllable or sound, generally occurring as a 1i minal, but sometimes in other positions, affords great room I inquiry. Its usual meaning appears to be in contrast to .s7//7/ (actii or being acted upon), and to express diffused ([uality, or what iii; be barbarously called 'all-overishness;' but the condition whieli describes is eminently, if it may be so termed, sessile, and n moveable. For instance, the names of the different c(dourod blank* are derived from the names of their respective colours, with i e mg is Klah- Tuk-l *•« K meani words: Ahn-t Sundi Tl root / (!onje( numb migh R with ifi ■;:■ * TAHKAIIT (iHAMMAU. 23 s flic teniiii rusty. t. (Inlrnns. 1 g, >sun-(l()\\ ide, a flood, le head, lie. ), to fan. ritv, the reatost, vii addition of this tormiral — in other words, they take their names iTom a, diffused sessili! quality. Kkrxook, is white; klccHclIi, a white blanket ; /.-/rrs-.s/iif/ (to sliow the eoiitrast), the growing- wliite lig-ht of early (hiwn. In like manner, we have fo()))-k()op, hlaek ; foop-Jitil/t, black blankets ; and foop-.shltl, evening {i.e. growing- blaekness). Ey-yoh-(iv\\h. Green blankets. Ilh-hahs. A being in the house, at ( Ki/~ijoh-f/nk. ( i recn. ) Wish-wish-iilh. lUue blanket^. Klay-hidh. Kud blankets. {Kluij' honk., (lark red, j)ur[)l('.) Attalh, ntUdh. Black, Lv. nighty (from uf.ti/h, night). home. Mache-ilh (or Machedh). In the house. Vetsoo-ilh . Walking up and down in the house, or any confined space. It may be as well to notice that this does not transgress the rule that ilh indicates stationary quality or condition. The motion of walking is ex])i'essed in t/rtsno ; tlie //// declares that the person spoken of is thorouglily engrossed by or occupied in walking — walk- ing is, for the time, his fixed condition. in connexii Klah-ilh. Lying down. Tuk-ko-ilh . Sitting. ( Tffk-i/itas- seh. To sit.) Klahk-ih-pilh. Standing. Atko-inilh, Curly-haired. To make : "iVi'ka kit IK I ng as a 1( 'at room I ) sJiif/ (actii )r what 111: ion whicli die, and n ired blanki irs, with 1 Ko-Uh is probably derived from tifk-ko-illi, sitting ; and with this meaning (»f sitting or abiding, it probably enters into the following words : Ahn-Hiik ko~i1lt. Serious. Sundaij-ko ilk. A church. tn-iiikseh'ko-ilh. A wood- shed. Th(,^ terminal i/li belong.^ also to kaiuil/i, referred to under the root i.'iJi. As (III oi' II, ilk (the HI sometimes appears] signifies, as is eonjectured, diffused quality, and iskiiuiik, conjunction, combined numbei', we can understand that i.skiiti/ik-tj/i/k and its kindred forms might 1)e used to express the idea of quantity. Kiiiiitlk. This tcrniinal has been already explained in connexion with th«> rodi ish. I rlJ |l;K I 24 Tin; r.VUKAHl" LAN(;UA(iE. h. JSiniill, voiniij. Qnissct ITtmah-his, Uchhlnnnh-his. Small. Takn-is. A yomis; hoy. Hah-quahtl-is. A girl. sni Xashnnk-'s. A strong little miii! Turqiu Chhnnnis-is. A bear's cub. 2\ Mpf, pt, pfs. Growin )od. ass.. ction. iiiir sick e\v ike smaller, vn. I stick, "ush, to pii imp u[)Oii wii Qnissfts. A pipe. (From (/uisha/i, Vatscfsos. A ladder, {From i/at- smoke, tobacco. ) sonk, to walk.) Turgynsscfsos. A chair. (From Turqaasscli, to sit.) Tsqni' sociiis to indicuto the refuse of anything. Chcet-sque. Sawdust. [Cheetayik, I CheeskU-que. Shavings, scrapings. a saw.) ! (C7/t'c5/!«/t, to scrape.) Hummoats-que. Bone. {Ila-oom, ; Klo(>chf>i-(/ife. The mussel-shell. food.) ! (K/oor/ibii, mussels.) ! 7\ihkts-qnc. Si)ittle. I7/r, //.-, frequently terminates the names of instruments. Che-chik. A trigger. Kleetch-i/ik. A rudder. {Kleetcha, Checta-t/ik. A saw. a steersman.) Cheetsyih. A large iron fish-hook. Nrech-i/ik. A needle. His-yik. An axe! I Yuk-kiuj-n'ik. A hvoom. {Vukshitl, Innik-qih. A stove. {Innik, fire.) | to sweep.) Kah-che-ik, A needle. ' REDITPLICATION. The most general force of reduplication is to indicate frequenta- tive action, as in the following instances : — L^ra. hiue. ((,'' Kj), to twisi (From 1 ion. ■table. (Fro ). Ah-ah'puk. Industrious. {Ahpnk,) Chahkl'cltnJi Id-nook. Blisters. {Chdhk-ehalihah, to press, to rub, to gall.) Heah-hcah-hah. To breathe. Heyk-hei/k-wah. To go from side to side, to tack. Kloo-kloothl-sik. To adorn, to titti\ate. (K/ont/il.) Koot-kooL-ah. To beckon. Mu-mfi-teh. A bird, i.e. a flutterer. {MntshitI, to fly.) Nak-nasli. To beg, to ask for a gift. (From Xah-kay, nak- kny ! Give, give ! Qnecl-qnecl-kuk. To pray. Tak'tak-put-ki. To consider. Tseka-tseka. To talk, to babble. {Tscka:) Tsoos-tsoosa. 'I'o dig. IVaw-waw. To talk. 20 THE TAHKAIIT I-ANGUAfJi;. ■ ■ ;t In addition to tliis wo Hud il wignify |)'ir;dli>lisin or likeness, ;> (di'dJi, vos (llu- iif1inii!itiv(^ jiiiswov I)oiii_<>' like to, and an o(iuival(Mi! tho question wliicii draws it fortli) ; and in oh-oh-L-ook, like, witli various compounds. It is also a sign of intensity, as in the su] latives ji'iven under the lu^ad of ' Comparison/ and sonletinl(^ Sol plurality. and iv\ by ad^ by th( considl Til COMPAIITSON. the tei to the Tnis is effeetcd by the addition of the suffix oon'ni or tanmil the comparative, and liiii)pch, nppch, or f^ftjipch in the superlative. Xermii the latter, for furtlun* intensity, the iirst sx'Uable of the AVord <>'enerally reduplicated. It is probable that these terminations ; not confined to tlie formation of comparisons, but are used m various parts of speech, with an intensifying force. in Eh-ehr-huppeh. Largest, v( pj-gggr large. . . '. Ifiti-nas-WKHnhn. Higher. ^^ ^^o lle~hin.-uas-sappch. Highest, vi high. Kloo-ldoolhl-appeh. Best. IstPc There are apparent deviations from the above rule, prohii! 2nd arising from the originals liaving been changed after the ^ parisons formed from lliem had become settled words. The teriiii of the original is also sometimes cut off. Thus we have : — Chum-?nvs. Sweet. Cliuni-inus-oimiin. Cinon-mus-tmi- mill. Sweeter. Cliak'chnui-mus-sappi. Sweetest, very sweet. Of th( 3rd KloJih-pnJi. Warm. Kloli in - HI iippch , Wanner. yLithlook, Cold. MathluppL'k. \\^\'y cold. Pis/u(/{, Pishnltfthn. Bad. l'ish-wn?niUH. Worse. 1st P Pishappch. Worst. 2nd y ^ lik(^, witli ' ill tlic su| I sometiiuis VEUIJS. So far as I am awar(\ the verbs have no tenses but th(^ present, iind no distinelion between sint^uhir and pbiral. Time is indieated by adverbs, and the plural, it' nc^eded, would, I suppose, be sio-nitied by the universal boitilJi, wliieli, however, is far too ubiquitous to be considered a mere verbal termination. The thn^e persons are (listinu;'uislu'd in the following* manner, but the terminations, tliou^-li most generally, are not exelusively attached to the verb, but sometimes to some other word in the sentence. 'ii or fa II ml, \ '' ^^^'' Terminations of the 1st Person. Ah, tah. utl-tah, and rarely sah and mah. ^ ^1h> word „ „ 2nd „ link, tuk, ayts. minations : » >» '^>i'd „ Ma, ull-mah, win, twin, ire used w: Of these, in the first })erson ah is by far the most usual, and Iml: in the second. In the third person a very curious distinction ^ presents itself, ilia being used when the person or thing spoken of is ligher. ^^ sight, and uih or ticlii when absent. Highest, vt argest, Best. Sooqidtl. To bring, Ist Person. Sooquitlah. lie, prolyl 2nd „ 8oo-(jaitl-hek, Soo- (luitlayts;. 3rd „ Sooquitlniah,Suoquill- win. ('r the cni The terniii Oos/i-ta/i. To work. 1st Person. 2nd ., P>ud. it, Very lull. Ee-neos-a. To carrv. 1st Person. Enneesa. 2nd ,, Knneesa-tuk, Knneos- ayts. 3rd „ Enneesma, Ennccsat- uin. 3rd >> Oosh-tukkali, Oosh-tuk-liuk, Oosh- tukayts. Oosh-tnk-ma, Oosh- tuk-win. E)iachitL To come. 1st Person. Enaeliiil-ah. 2nd ,, Enaeliitl-hnk, Ena- chillayts. ui'd „ Enachitl-ma,Enachitl- win. 28 TlIK TAHKAHT LANCIACK (;•!? Kajmlitfl. To ])lim(lor. KoH'-irilh. To Htoal. 1st Person. Kjipshirl-tiih. j 1st Person. 2ikI „ Kapslntl-tuk. j 2iul 3rn „ Kapsliitlma, Kapsliitl- Srd twin. ' J5 Kovv-wllli-tali. Kow-willi-tuk. Kovv-wilh-twiii. Wi'cnd-pop. To stay, to stop. 1st Person. Wecnapec-sali. 2n(l „ Weenapeetl-liuk. 3rd „ VVeenapeetl-ma. ondinf;; nhe or .' look ; Anoth to ver instaiK niooshe The above are the <>eneral forniatioiis, slight variations somctii occurring. Occasionally the terminal is transferred from the vi as Wilx-liuh' vuddiltn (Are you not coming 1^) which is equivalent ickkJlt cHHvh itl-huk. These terminations also sometimes seem to take the j)lace ul' verb-substantive, and are joined to adjectives in the same mannd they are with v(^rbs. In realit}^ however, there is probably no pru; verb-substantive in the lano-uaffe. Th umono Taijllli. 8ick. Taijilh-mah, Tayilh tvin. He ready sick. the re does T And similarly all other adjectives, without exceptions, iitl i^^rdh Tayilh-ah. I am siek. Tayilh-huk. You are sick however, being sometimes used instead of hui. nirERATIYES. The imperative, so far as I know, is only in use in the scd person. CJwobcah ! mu\ Q^ia irf lik .'—hoth meaning 'come' — li.. apparently no connection with any oilier words. The most geiu termination of the imperative is ,i: Thi« is used witJi all the vc nearly the re gives chang skin noohiv and t howe^ the n cold t " ■ in ip n •m» t 9 mp NITINAHT. 29 To steal. nlli-tali. 'illi-tiik. 'ilh-twin. ending in ///, ns f^ooquiflt'lh', with tlie large exception that those in .s7«Y/, for the sake of eu])h(niy, more often ehang'e that syUable into fihe or ,s/i<--f\ instead of adding- c/f/', as ihiIi-^Iic ' hxtk ! from udlt-fihctl, to look; kl((}il,-i]i-t^h<'-(\ stand np, from h/dhk-lh-sJiiN, to stand up. Another not so gene-al imperative termination is //•. This is added to verbs ending in p, and to sonn^ wliieh end in vowels, as, for instance, hdi/i'cpik, from k'ij/-<'cp, to eleiir away; uwoshctiippik, from mooshef>ij)/u(, to sliut ; turqudssik, from fnrquaHsch, to sit. ons sometii from the vt equivalent ) place of ne manner ibly no i)ro| NITINAHT. \ ivm. There are, of course, slight differences of speech to be found among the various Tahkaht tribes, but not so Tnuch as to prevent a He ready eon vernation among all. Tlie tribe which most differs from the rest is the Nitinaht. Tt has a good many unique words, and does not entirely agree in the numerals. While the other tribes jtions, lift i^j^i-dly ever (if at all) make use of the d and h sound, the Nitinaht nearly or quite always uses tliese in place of the frequent n and m of the rest. This, in addition to vowel changes and contractions often gives rises to singular verbal transformations. Thus imrili, fire, is changed by the Nitinaht into addxJi ; moofxmahnk, a bear or a bear- skin into hootmlxik: (pKupfcitidv, the hands, into Ixookadooxych ; noohicayxoJi, father, into Dooux, and oomot/xoh, mother, into abaJw ; and the name of Xitinaitt itself into Ditidaht. It must be noticed, m the so(o i^Q^g^gj,^ ^Ij.j^ -^^ ^]^^^j. pronunciation of the d there is just a tinge of come ~ li ^^^ ^^ sound remaining, having the effect of a person with a very bad most i>'cih: 1 1 . • . ^ cold trying to pronounce h. all the vi! :{() TllK TAIIK \HT I,AN(il .\(iK. I Come Cold. SO^iFE WORDS TN WIIICTT TIEK NITTNATTT DTFFKl; TiredJ Tocoj IWRTLY on ALTOOKTlIKIi FROM TIIK OTHER TIMl wc Wan The words iiuirkod witli an ast(>i'lsk are, so far as T know, in anv wav like those used by the otlier Tahkalits. Wi It it seems {i(lvlsabl(^ for the sake of comparison the equivalent wexhibil of the Tahkuht is placed in brackets: — specific moon ; Fatlior. Doo-nx. (^Nonwni/hsoh.) iMothcr. ylh-a/t.T. (Ooniftf/Iisofi.) lioy. Bnai/tlitx. ( Mai/-ctl-ln(ts.) *nahv. EuMokt. *VVirr. Ah-Jiff-Uj). *Mjiiden. Kuli-duk. *Ahvays. Do-hy. Long ago. Ilo-i. {0-nk.) Fire. A(J mitsnh.) *Paddle. Klay-too-nclitk. (' *Hair. Klattali -honh. Ear. 7 *ch -pch . ( ]*a h -pay. ) Eye-brows. Ah-aycli. {Ah- r/tc) *Tongue. Lulikay-ik. Chin. Qnaw-iij-c. *ncad. Knhf-lia/it. *Face. llectalKjl. (Connect with Tahkaht cvtahh-hs^] Neck. Tsecf/uawubts. V'v' hoomts.) * El bow. Ilecdupuktl. He. Yeclkali. There. Jfa/tsa/is. {I fit fas.) Blood. Doohntstihs. (IlissatiH' Country, territory. IJissilMi {Xi^mah.) (rround. soil. Tsalikokuhs. {I'y /i<)(tnit(ts.) To work. Bahn-i/i. ( Mawook NiriNAiri ;;i Come! S/tnofjHa/i/I .' {Chonk- wah ! ) Cold. Clirctsdi/nh ! (Chccfashitl.) r DTFFl«:i; Tired. Ta,/.,'/rwli. {(Inaw-te-ih.) ^^ To cou;xli. It'aW'O-nsk. {Hdic- lrA\j lit 1 1; waw-fy.tihli(i ) Warm. Kli)khaht. {Klahkpuh.) Alone. Dohhnhliii'ly h. (J^(;/,v;(lerived from utookH-ah, st(>am, the Xitinahts afford an independent term. Kitssrh.) nxj/eh. {q h(ffs. ( Oks -uchtk. ( / '*(fk-pa}/.) 'ick. {Ah- k. (Conncot fdhh-Jcs ) ibts. 7',vr /. {Hifins.) (Hissfniii JJia.sik okuhs. ( 1\ ( Ma moot XTTINAIIT XUMEKALS. 1. T?gjpsgeaaBa«Bg».i€^j-' -■ ■ r A 11 T I TAH KAII T-ENG LI SII. A. Ah-ah. Yes. Ak-ah-clii . Wide (of a ciinoc, hoard, table, ("kc. liiit not applicabh' lo evcrvthiiiii.) Ah-ah-lic. A doincslic fowl. Ahahp-(/v'inutllt. 'I'o wrestle. Ah-ahp-sooiidli. "i lie anil- pit. Ah-ah-puk. Iiidiistrioiis. hard at work. Ah-ah-i/it.s-dlndli. Kicli. Ah-ashi/. A turkey {i.e. (ih-ah-hc- as/it/, '" hald hen '). Ah-atl-sooait. Etpiiil. Ali-che-its((li ? Whose ? jih-chitl. To reach after. Ah-chuk? Who? Ah-ehvh-h(thi Who? {Ah-chnh- hdh lioufs? What man ?) Ah-eh-c/tf. I'he eyel)rows. Ah-eri'Sool/t. Cunnino;, ccaftv. Ah-konli. This. Ah'koofI . To borrow. Ahk-shifl. A little below high- water. Ah-tnah. A largo, grev diver. Ali-vicefllk. To-morrow (So i'tfi/h- tlih, the coming night.) Alun-noffe. Yesterday. A h n - n nli - hoilh . (J rave-looki ng, serious-looking. A-hous-nhf. Name of a tribe. Ah-pcclsoo. In the centre, central. A/tj)f(h. At work, working. Ali-pinmyk. A thing in the middle (where one thing is above and another below it). Ah-f/nU-h!/-)/(li. To lend. Ahthshitl. ' To set ai)art. Ahll-afld-ninhix-hool. To pull out the hair of the chin. Ah-toosli . A deer. ( Also Moo-nch ). Ali-fik-(inoch-i/on. A wound. Ah-um-nius. Cheeks. Ali-uji-ec-m'tlh. The shoulder, Ah-irp-pi. The shoulder. A ich /.' . ( i ood - 1 ook i n g . Ali-lmh'f(t? Of what tribe? Amcuoqnllh. A corner. D 34 IFTF, IXFrivAMI i,\N(;u\(;K. Amctrf/uts Namo Jippliod to tlio Tsik-liolitiii, when (ho head be- comes white. Afn-mU-lcli. A naiiu'. Am-mit-fi/-vf'.. 'to (ts. A crane. ^i/>-/)(>of/if-i/f(s. INIid-diiy. Ai)-po(m-i(tfj/h. iM id-night. Apnxirn. Hair n))on tlie i'xvv.. As/i-sH/f, To l)reak a string or rope. (Conf. Knasuj), ha,) Ashch. liald-hetuhMl. Asliit. IJiire of iiair on th(^ body. Aslioolh. P>are of trees and slirubs. /IsliHinilh. Bahh Ax-sclh-i/i/Ji. Leather. As-sits. A wasp. y\-llilnh. To sp(nv. Afhohniilh. Curly-haired (of man or beast). Afln. Two. Athi-nncli. A fork or branch (as of a tree, river, 8ce.). Athi-iK'wk-tsu-uh. Kofk of a river. Afl-lii/h. Small branchi^s knotted logether, to show a trail. Af-sff//-/i/(fs. TIk; throat. A//uI/f (or Utfdl/i). lilack. (Conf. Atti/l,-)ti(i/if.) Af-fnh. A beaver (from Attalh, bhirk ?) Af-fi/h (or nti/h). Night. Ai/-(ti/o)ufs. The tlnnub. Ai/-if(ih-kamilli Fifth lunar month from about November. B Hardly, if at all, occurs in the language, the m soum! taking its place almost or quite exclusively. Curiously, the Nitinahts, who speak the same language, with only a dialectic diiferenci' not at all interfering with free intercourse, almost or (juite exclude the >//, using /. in every instance. i n I'MIK ATIT-V.NM ISII, ;i5 ('. (7i(f/t-/tftf-s/iifJ (or, porlinps. moro : |)rob!U)ly CJittfilicr-sliifl). To I he !ist(»tiisli<'(l, 1() ))(' 1);iulk(Ml, j to bo si art UmI. {CluifjIicr-shJt.l ' would mean ' struck hv tlio : s))irit world '.) Cli(tli-ha!i. To support, or Ix'ar uj) ' wilh tlio shoulder. j Cliahh-chahhdit. To press, lo press j down. i Chahhl-chalihl-hooh. r)lisjers. ' Cli(i]ik-m(ii/hsf(i]i, wCItdlih-i/iis-siip. To rule, to jiovern. CJiah-hots. Indian huekr't. Chn-pooh. Canoe with men in It. (lia-yiifs. A canoe. Chdstoinit. A mink. Cha-faf/'iip. To eut off witli a knife. Chmj-hcr. The land of departed spirits. Chni/h-huh. To make to cry, to ])unish. Chc-cliah -ni itfl-pijlh. A boa ! . CIk'-cIw! Tull along! \('hc in- cites to action. It is the terminal of the second ]>i'v- son imperative in Uiost verbs.) Che-chf-vhe. The teeth. Clic-clicc-shooli. Hostile. (An Kwkloolaht word, the f»rdinary worull up by the roots. C/nrs-c/trrsd. A dance and sonjr performed by women having downy feathers scall-i'ed on their hair. ('Jw s-lidh. To scrape. ( 'li(( slifs(jiif. Sciapings. Clt( eshi(hs(K)tl. To shave. Cltect.d-nidh, or Cliectuh. Side- boards of an Indian house. Checfdsliill. Cold (applied to per- sonal sensation ) Cheat I'ni'ih. A saw. [Yv^mxClicci^ili, to rip.) Checfsniiis. To lead, leading, a leader. Chect<<(/nc. Saw-dust. (licefsi/ik. Large iron fisli-liook. Cheets-uih. A button-hole, and, perhaps, any hole going right through a thing. Che ft Ilk. Impudent. Chce-i/dhkamilh. Thirteenth lunar month, counting Xovember as the tirst. Cheei/dh. To rip, to split salmon for drying. Chch-iieh, or Chch-neh-nuih. I do rot know, or 1 have not seen. Che-is. Salutation (of meeting or farewell) to a woman. ( 'hrh-kottdj/. Scar of an old wound. Chehoop. Male, husbaml. Chiiii-nnes. To plough. Chiin-niilh. 15ed and bedstead, berth, bunk. Chimni'ni. Large wooden hook for halibut. Ch'un-mif-sds. The right hand, tin; right hand side or part. Chun-iiins. A bear. ■'•I'.: Sr f ft i V ■l.l '*% <1'^ ** ,■■'1 • All! :}0 Tin-; I AHKAiri i,AN(a A(ii;. Ch'nH'iKilh, 'I'u wrestle by holding inn! {l^l>> ^virl) iho inoanin^^ the hail'. i of piittinu an s-nd to ) Chnochli. All. ; Chnh-hoofs-nJ/. A storm at sea. Clian-rhiili A spoon. i {Clnih, w.xiQw) Clionh ! A AVdvd inciting to im- ' C/iHli-:,iiifl. To awake a person, mcilialc action. Cl.iihsnili. A waistcoat. Clinolncdh 1 ("oii.c! ! Chidclia. Nails (of hand or foot), CIkidj). The toiigne. I claws (of heast or l)ird). Ch(w-piKth. To cxtingnish Cliiini-niKs. Sweet, tasty, [)alatal)le. (of iircy 1 C/itiDi-nttisoottiin, or CliHrnnms-laii- Chuop-jtnox. Decayed, stinking. | ita/i. Sweeter. ChnoshdJt. Wild. | ('hah-rlninuuHS-sdp-jii. Very sweet. Choo-Kf-foh. To dive. • sweetest. Clioo-up-'il-Jaij ! Sto[)I stop work- Cha-uh. Water, a rock in water. E. E( cli-mah, or Eechiik, The light fixed on the canoe I'or night- fishing. Eechuhasin (or, perhaps, more ])ro- pcrly .Ai/chuhasin). Ancestor. Ecc/iimtahoo))}. Ear-pendant. E(-fshfooj). Things, possessions. Ee-t(ifi-hl(S. Up-hill, steep. Ec-fdJi-fiis. Down-hill. EcthloohooJh, The lips. E('t(nrdf/('s. To go away and stop a long ti;>ie. Eh-i'hr-hdpjH.'( (or, ])erhaps, better spelt Aipatjli r-lidppd( ). Great- est, TPVii [j)'t:dt. EJn\ or Ai/ln\ (ireat, large, \Qvy. Ehr-soolifly or ^ii/hr-soo/dl. Uiave. Ehr-sook-toop, or Ayhr-sooh-loop. To comfort, console. Eh-shcfl-chr : Go! 1'Al-(hnpdmik. 'J'he common scpiir- rel. Eish-liOdh. A bottle Ei~iptili. Wing- feathers. {Pf/-yalh. The smaller ieathei's.) EA-j/dJ(li-sliitl. To escape the me- mory. Ei-i/cJi. .Many, a great many (per- ha[)S also * very ' ^ Ei-iph-cliumili. A great many to- gether. El-i/eli-hootnts. The thnmb (or Aji-ijdh -hoonits). Ei-i/p))i-indh. 'There are a grent man.v.' Elh-irhus. Scattered, divided. Elh-whus-sip. To separate. (Trans. ) Eitdh()-i!s. A lish of the salmon kind. Enako-ds iinilh. Twelfth lunar month from Novendjer. {Eh- ahous. The name of a fish, from which the month takes its name.) En-necs-a. To carry. Eo-nifl. A dog. Ewhldohiht. Name of a tribe. Eii-h-sdii. Wind from the sea. Eirufdli. L;inM •tp- ■' it- 1 •1. '- IL //a-hu-oo/i. A lizard. ll(ih-li(un-k<)ok. To cure, to heal. Ildh-lian-noo-ijik. lioastful. Ilah-liolt-ixih. To advise, to ad- nionislJ, advice, traditiqn, le- oci'ds of creation, &c. // ^ Koo-palli. Poor. Huh' ililisachcel. A generation. ilali-ohk-SHk. Chief's eldest son, heir ai)i)arent. Ilah-ooni. Food. lldh-uok. To eat. Ildh-ooimit. To subdue. Iliih-oo-ijc. To exchange. Uah-o-ffuifl. To requite a blow, theft, murder, in like kind. Ihth-o-f/Ktll-'.'liitL To change. Il(ili-(inafl. L^nniarried woman. Name of the Seshaht '"',•_ on IJiirclay Sound. ijow tide. \ ik<ii(l of Alberni Ink't (or ' h('a(hv;ii'(l,' dcseril)- ing the course of a canoe or j .shi[) \\\) any inh't ; or rather | ' to the head,' describing their destination. Jlin-iiai/tlali. Side of a mountain. H'miiooUi. Tlie face. Hish'juilh. A crowd, assembly, collection. HishitiiiUt-ltns-sup. To assemble, gather together. (Trans.) nisliini-i/oltp. To gather together, to assemble. Ilis-picli. A bla/(5 {i.e. a mark on a tree to show ;i trail.) //is-snmis. lilood. IliS'Sai/h-soli-fdli. The sea-shore. Jlis-seckini. To direct, to tell the way. JHs-siit. A light red berry (Vae- cinea3.) flissif. Red ; the iirst run of salmon. J[iss(nah-so()lh Tobleed. (Intriuis.) llLssoolli. Covered with blood, bloody. Ilistohshill. To come.* irtstk sJlill Sdiiil — U'llSSrh histn/,s/li(l .SOdil '"■ <)!■ > Whence oouie 3 till? M' list iiksl, ill lull, U iisscll llisliihnshill link \'w, TAHK \iri-EN(;i,isii, 39 UT arms vesr^el, hat, ov otlicr stiff shaped thiii<^.) Ilooah-mcn-chitl An edtly or back-water. Ifonpahlh. Thimble-berries. HooiKil/i. The sun, the moon, a month. l/oop-atfoo. To set (of sun or moon ). Ilnop-ciieilh. Mid-day. iloop-peh. To help. lloop-quistah. To rise (of sun or moon. lloop-ukh'ldinhl Green-winged teah Ihm-sattoh. To blow or puff. Ilo-tich-che.clh. To mend. Hn-uts-a-d-chvpasim. To lend. Ilo-Htsachitl. To return, i.e. to come back. llow-ckuh-lisaht. Name of a tribe. Ilow-kdmah. A wooden mask. llowk-sap. To upbot, turn over. l/ow-?)iis-shifl. A pledge. llowtshitL To sprinkle. Ilow-iiuii/htl. Hungry. Ilow-way-utl. To complete tinish, and so to stop. Ifoxem. Geese. lluch-che. Deep (of water, and perhaps of other things). lluvhvonL Berries. to /ftfc/tim-sftk-sah. A girl's brother. ( A man's brother is Imtlduhtik.) I/uchispu/i. This side of. liuk-katj-ik. A knife. Ilulli-maj/-hah. To be drowned. Jliimmnotisque. A bone. Iluppah-yuk-kaik. A brush. lluscNltl. A fugitive, a vagabond, a refugee. llussis. Teal duck, llijem-hammah. I do not under- stand. Hifem-ham-mayh. He does not und(n"stand. Ht/shitl. Black currant. liys-wuhtUh. Dysentery {ie. with blood — hiss-amis) J/i/tokstootl. To tell a lie. liiftoktl. False, worthless, useless, of no account. Uytohtl chash ahnneh ! Look you, the news is false ! IlytshitL To bend forward, to bow. liif-ych. A serpent. Uy-yem-mus. To take a wrong trail, to miss the way. lly-yeshihamdh. Third lunarmonth, from cibout November. Ihj-ijn. Ten. liyyns-tt-ty-up. To h'ssen, to diminish. •i !> i ;!iv % I I. i^.^ i % ii V '■ -A .1,-,,, ■.*'■ a Ih-uioot. Old (of things). Ik-sah-Uooh. To be in service, to serve, attend upon. Ilhhahs. Staying in the house. Ln-h<(h Shame. Im-ich-sahta. The forehead. Impirnvalhinhl {g soft). Tlu^ per- son walking second in along line. lm-t(ih. Unable. I, milt. Fire. ]niiik(u/ik. A stove. Itmik-'knytsoma. Forehead mask (used in their dunces). In-nili-qnUh. To make a tire. Innikquilche. Make the lire ! (CA imperative). \e t I' 1 ■ m m''k 40 TWV, TAIIKAIIT LANOUAfJE, ■' ' ■>. IntiiI{-r/uh-fli/i/{. Srnokc-.stack. stove-pipe. In-nih-scts. A lamp. lii,-iiil ''. ■A ' 1 I'!'' Ka-a. (iive it nie, hand it me, let nie look at it, Ka-i'i-sliifl. To di(>, to kill. Ao-d-soii/is/oop. To irrieve ( Trans.). Ka-a-sookstoitfld/i. I am trrieved. ka-a-sKp. To wonnd. Kah-clieili. A needle. (Also Aec- ciicik.) Knh-cliiik. A I'ork. Kdh-Jiiili. \^k'm\. Knh-hnhhit. Xcvy si(d';, dead. Kah'kui-hi(tL To priidv, to sting like ;i nettl(\ Kd/i tiir .'•/,'. To sto[), tostay, ^t'., not to o(). (Intrans.) Kdh-oltfs. A nephew. kdli-oots. A laruc bncket. Kah-sitimilh. The fonrth lunar month iVoni about November. Kdh-ta/i. Short i not used of a man). kdlitshi/niilisooptahl. To run a race, or ' a raee.' Kd/iishsup. To tear in two. Kdli-j/iiptd The arm. Kdlh-hoir-irih. The bramble-berrv. Kdn-iiUh. To kneel. KdtiiKitldh. A wolf. kdp'-s/n'//. To steal, to i)liindei\ to ravish. \ Koic-irilli is the word for ' seeret stealiiu:-.') Kdfh-Idli-sini. Branches of a tree. (Notice the likeness to Katlduh- fih.) Kdfhldliiili. A brother, a j)eer, (^not used of a girl's brother), the name of the second lunar month from November. Kats-ldth. A long Indian dress. Kdic-hiis-cJuip. With sick eyes. Kdi/ecclic! Go home ! Kdi/vv.}). To clear away. [Kayce- vi/i ! Clear awav ! ) Kaf/-/td-'i/NfI. To look throuixli or along a thing, to take a sight. Kd//-/fa-f/ik. A telesco[)e, a micros- cope. Kdi/-/tol/t. Sight of a gun. Kinj-kd//'i/cs-soo. An octave (or ])erhaps any other interval in niu>ic). Kdi/tsah. Small r:)in. Kdi/fshitl, Of Keifs ft U/. To write. Kdijtsiuiilli. To shut the eyes. K(n/-i(f!. A long time ago. (Also Oli-uh-oojiv.) K(fk-fjiii(l/i. Submerged. Kf'itseli-ktitsah. Wri 1 1 ng. Kcitsclh. Taper, letter, a book. kcitsctsos. A writinu'-table. hiitsuktl A scribe, a writer. .'1= lAIIK VII r-l-.NCI.ISII. u To shnke, (luivcr, Lame. Wrecked. To bring hack. Kc-krrsh-hdh. treinl»le. Kcl/S-liCl/sh-dl). Kilihe-nhsliitl. I\in-it(t>i-f/iip. Kimiifsniis. A bi'uirse. KisfDh'hu/i. 151 1 10. Kilsnivili-soli. To stir, to stir iij), Kiflle-i/n. A crack, a chink. KUih-vhit-tuhL To doctor the sick. KIdh-rhoocli'ui. A stranger. KI(ih-]tnJi-)iik-sup. To close up (as of a book). Klah-hdiis. Lying down (of a brute t .' thing, not of a man). Klah-liaytsoh. A box with lid fitting over the sides. Kbili-Jidl/lh-lint. To renew, to make an old thing like a new one. KInli-hiv. A box. Khih-liowije. Now. Kldh-huk-sUi. The present genera- tion. Klah-ilh. Lying down, KIdhk-Ui-pilli. Standing. Klalili-iJi-sli'Ul. To stand up, i.e. to rise to a standing })osiure. KJdlik-ih-she-v I Stand up ! Kldh'lilaIi-liow-waiV'(jnus. A rail- ing or fence. I\lali-lilah-j)uk-kdlt. To hammer a nail. Kldh-hld/i-ptilliah. A lock. Kfdii hld/i-s(>i/(t/(. To coast along. I\l((li'lildh-td-)nni. Notch for the Jingers at the end of a spear- shaft. K}dh-hlali-to-wij-}jeh. To paddle full speed. Kldli-hldli'thn. A foot. Kldh-hVincli-lni-vhm. A dead body. Kldh -hdfc/iifl. To grow ( Intrans.) (of children, j)lanls, &c.) Kldh-Niifl. Pincers, twic/ers. KIdh-oli. Another, some more. Khtli-oli-dppi. Something else, another instead (said in trade). l\ldli~o1i-(p(dlit. Name ol" a tribe, sometimes means 'another tribe.' KJdli-(>lt-(p(ifld]i. To reply, or per- haps, to contradict. Klah-oli-tjniL The day after to- morrow. I\la/i-oh-(p(il-ooije. The day before yesterday. Kldh-pn/{-Hiah. A nail. K/d//-fj//fff/. T(» beseech. Klalir-mlUi-dli-s/iitl. A thing fu- ture. Klaltr-inulh. New-born. ]\Iore [)ro- bably recent, new. Kldli'Sdii-nnp. X pile-driver. KIdh-aliood, A wise counsellor. KldJf-vs. A flag-stalf. KIdhhdIis. A tree. Kldk-kdtnupt. X sort ol' pine-tree. KldhkutiUli. Palisade ibrtilications. Kldliholi. Thaidv you. KUdihoJi'phit. Small-pox. Kldh-hnpt. Grass, leaves, foliage. I\ld/i-s/te. X })arting salutation. Klasloth. Smooth (as ot' planed board, fur smoothed the right way, ^c.) k'/as-zfi-fff/. Sli[>pery. KIdf-clidh-uf. 'I'o run away, escape. KIdt/ildh-au/idlifod. 'I'he cramp. KIdthitiiHpf. Yew-tree. Kldt-H-hllli. Soft. Kldjphltl. To shoot Kid iflidh-pdn nidi. 'I'o go out for a paddle (literally hbti/liKli iiduUclt. to ])aildle and set- ; con f . ipt fsp a )i )i id I ) . Kldi/-)ndh. Lai'ue red-headed wood- pecker. ;.' '■\H:\ K n ■'■■'I U ■ «•;}; '. ■ II'- 42 THK TAIlKAlir I,\N(iUAGE. Ill ';'i ..•■)iv Klni/liooli. Piirj)U'. I\lai/hnli, or Klai/hnlihah. To paddlo. KJdt/hnli-sliifl. Tliiii (of a person ). KIdi/liulh. Indian matting. KIdiflinppcr. A small sea-fish. I\lai/-h!/-t'tl/naJi. He (she or it) has become good. Klo(juisutlli. A little above low v;ater. Khi/{'lia-i/ih. A key. KInhsHp. To untie, to unbind. Klatiihui. Carved house pillar.s, often in the human form. Kltip-pai/n/i. Scissors. Kiufcliill. To take in sail. ^Com- pare KIc'ctsuppoti. ) KhiJ-sliC'f ! 'J'ake in the sail I Kli/'Cnuni. Give more. (An ex- pression often used in sale or barter.) KoIi'Ikk). a ))lack duck. Koli-pUli. To hang, to hang up. Ko/ipcih. The foretinger. Kolipsliitl. To i)oiiit with the linger. Ko/Kinoiiuipicli. A wttod-pecker Ko/nsii'l/i. A large hole or deep pit. KoJit-hith. Hard. Ko-l-rJtitl, To grow (perhaps 'to be a man,' lio-us.) AO-is/ii/i. A raven. Kolihch. A house-mast {i.e. a tlag- stalf or other poh? not set in the ground but on a building). Kohhoop. A swan. Kokliuni'jidhhUissuhi. A pin. Kohkun-)i(iJi-a-huUi. A li)tr(iti(. Iliiir. Ktttsds. 'I'lic left liiuitl, tliC U'l't kotsi/i jtoom Iiidiiiii |>iii (I'oi' l»l;iiik(l). I\()ls/s iil/i. Moniiii;!'. Kit us. A iii.iM, iiii liidijiii. (Ilonio.) IV- K II she If). The slar-lish. Kn lit small. Soul, sluidow, llrclcd illlMLlC. I\IISS(\ Kit ii.rnn. Hone biiib of lialibut Kiit-clic-im. T! Koiv-wis1i'Hlt. IJod-hot, Knir-irifs. Tlio potato, Kiilh'lifilnn-niiif-toj). A thiiii: in I lie mind, a. thought, a f.incv ( Kiu/iofop ) Kiilhiili. Till' litll(! {'mger. Kiiih'ni-tnpcin'. Strawlu'rries. Kinnati/vlii'd. To Icani. ( Kiiniotop /\in/i-ni('i'fs. A i)ilot. Kiini-ni( t-lin(tl{. To run. Kinnolop. To uiidcr.staiid. ht' eyes. le n a late. :oo| A \'>/r //■// Tl u' saliiioii-bciTV /V(>//" // 7^/. The salnioii-hcrry l)iish. Kiif-sliifl. To j)iiifh. Kilts Ki/ni. -liui/'iip. V o make small 01" A rrow, a rot)k Koir irishiiiiilh. Ninth lunar month Ki/ i/iili cliitl. Adril't. I'roni alMuil November, (/v irili his hi mi III.) (JlC A \i.i-i/iiiiisa Drift h coraaiie ij-ijiuHi n. A panther [. I.li(>u-lh(i()'nl(inihii. A rooliuir ^him'le M, M(t chtdii. Into (lie 1 the liousi'. -lA^/^/ Take ii : Mdh I'ho //. W) bite. Mroinei Tl syllable is probably derived 'om Mdhtc a liou se(; IS in ( 11.11' householder.' • hu-band ') and ^o the wnrd may mean primarily ' head of the liou-e,' and second- arily ■ eldest brother.') Md h-iiidthh h. an Ind lan. Any pcr.-on not ( A word ibrmed many years a^'o from Mdhti-ininilhi. whieh had reference to the louse 111- :\(,' vesst. s m ■\viiicii The -trangers navigated the waters.) ii' first Mdh-nah-sip. T O Wel'MI. I \»ll\' \ll I-I NCl.lSll. 4r> iiiiii: ill I t'.uicv ICS, 'mo fop Mdh'pces. A bat. Mali pt II III. I'lni'my. inimical, iios- rilc (of it man or tribe). Mdlis. A house, n |)()i)ulatioti, a setlleiiieiil, a tril)e. Mdlih'. A iiouse, a population, a setlleinent. Mdlit-iiHilis. The entire population, all the tribes. Mdlil-lcctsin. Circlet of stulf round the head. Mdlils-(/iiiii. A houso-fly (Moli/r). MdiiKilisliitl , I'o fasten the dress or blanket by tyini;. Mafhlooli. Cold (of the weather). Mdlliliippcli. Very eold. Mdi/(/llt'if/s. A boy (iuore than a very younir child, less than a young man.) .^I;ii/l-lii, or Mai/tl-lii. Similar to, like to. Mdi/l-lu/pjx'li. Balanced (of S('ale> ). Mi'csoolt, Mecshitl. To !?inell('J"'rans.) )l((f-l(tli. IJain. Micts'ui. Shade. Mcdictooh-iiiahli. A spider. Mintilli- lilts. Foot of a mountain. (Comp. Mil'lifi.s.) Milcliin-Hiiis. Abreast. Mi/-liifs. Fhit irround, Ml/si-f/rh. Shaft of a salmon spear. Min-inh-sfas. Surrounding, circum- ferential. Mif-htah. A boy's name. Mifl-in. Gum, India rubber. Mif-irlift. To revolve. }liioclnclioop. To invest, to put on clothes for another. Mooli. The iHuneral 4. Mooii-niuilnitl. To scorch. Mook-shitl. The hammer of a gun. Mook-icah. Steam. MoohfifisHflli/ A little above low water. Mooi^liilL Flowing tide, tiood-lide. Mntislir-tiippdii . 'I'o shut. .Uooslic d.'<. Shut, closed. Moosliiis.'ii HI. A dooi-, a lid. Mooshds.sriiKiiiili. A hiii're. Moosltltvv. A bow. Moofsosonh. ( lunpowder. Mootsnmlitili. A bear >kln. and sometimes a beai'. 1 1 is pi-o bablv the oriuinal woi'd, ihounh now almost snpj)lanled l>y Cliiin-uius, whicli, in its lirsl meaning, •H)plies to anything sweet, ta-'ty. or siivoury. The Indians smacked the;.- lips when the hunters l)roiighl in a, bear, and cried (Uiini-nms ! (Savoury meat I) Hence, probably, tla; change. Moo-nili. \ deei". Moo-dliil. W^'t, tilled with mois- ture. MooxjU'li . A stone, a, rock, a, rocky, soilless, treeless niouiitain, or sununit. Mou:- mulifl.) Mnk-ijiiali., 'J\> set free a -la\(' (|)erhaps to ))Ui'(diase (Miih) his freedom.) Mnh'hooh. 'J'o beg. M iili-fjiiuiuih. 'Vi) H'ade. to bargain. Muk-toop. 'i'hings for sale {toop, 'fcneri'.". ) .ii 1 1* i it . K .;:.. 46 IIIK TMIK Mil \\\(-V \(-V.. Ma-mil -tell. A bird ( Mnfshitl. To fly.) Mii-mn-tcli incims • ilic iliittcrcr.' Tlic ivdiiitliciitcd sylliiblc f!;iviii;2: tlic iilcii of tVc- (jiicncy. i'C' tlic ri('(|U('iit move- mcnl of tlic \viiijj,s. Mnt-(ih-(ili-foh. To fly (lowinv.-inl. (Icscciid ill fliirlit. (Coin[). 'rdffons-dli-dli-ttJi.) Mni-n-mis-'ntlil. To (ly npwsirds. Miisriiini. The roininoii ]»i.'(»j)l(' [i.e. not llic chiefs). Mnll(ih-s(ih. To tit' or 'lind lo'jctlior. Mutlcnuii/noom. The Iron lioo[) of a. (*!isk or tub. MnfliJIt. hn[)ri.soiK'd, lookccl up. Mutlilhnoirilh 'V\\v lock-iip. IIk j;iil. Mntl-S(ilii). To lo(di (of a door). Miifl-sliifl. 'I'o bind round. Miitl-tnop. Strinii;. MiffI i/ii. P)oiind, tied, locked. Mat shift. To II V. Mnfs,ttt. To iiliiiht (of n, l)ird). Mn/'lis. Ali,Lrlit('d, .sitting on the pronnd i of ji hird). M t/-if(illii. Principle of .si(din(',s,s, or its j)cr.>()nilic:itioM (often s;iit| to he inlrodnccd into the .'^ys ton by .sonu! ill-di.-po.sed medi- cine iniin.) Mjl'i/ch. A InittiTfly. X I' " .■;•'- ■1 1 .4'" ! • ■ t W^ Xdh-ah. To hear. \tih-(t/i-jKif/('hifl. To taste. \ah-(ih-f(ih. Attentive. Xdli-df/x-oh. An nncde. Xdh-rhnJh. A ])ro[)iiet, a .seer. Xdlicli-hd- nnihlidhL To look hack. Xdh-clio ilh. Found, or to find. Xdli-vltooth. A copy, a pattern. Xd/i-/idf/. To give. [Xd/t, /dtf/- mdh d/nuich Chffpvts. Look you ! I give a canoe.) Xdh-udsk. To beg, to ask for. Xdh-nai/xoh. An aunt, a guardian. Xn/i-prc. Light. Xah-slictl. To see. Xahll-nash-lidh. A coj)y, or to copy. Xdh-tHv/i. The stock duck. Xd/i-uktI. To feel. Xduich. To look. Xds. Day, sky. Xashnok. Strong. X(/sJi/(idf}i/,\ A brick (i.e. Xa shook ittdih^ strong to n^sist fire.) Xds-shitl. Day-spring, daylight Adfsuh. To see, to sight, to notfi or mark with the eye, in trout of, before. X t/-f/f/f/i/{. To illumine. j\dt/-tt-//f/{. Light, as opposed to darkness. X(t//-f/c-ec. E(dio (fr. Xdh-nh). Xe-dh-dh. To run a-iirouiid. (Pcrliaps Neah Bay's iiauu' derived from this word). yceattoohoh-pdih-hup. To take ofl' a burden. A>er7/fM'/'.Aiieedle(also/v*'///-c//6-<7.' 'i XcepHtto. Thread. Xi'cl-ldh. To scohl, to quarrel, to mock, to discuss a matter angrily (from nectsah, the no-c, and having lU'lerence to th'' conieiii[)tuous movement oi'tiiat organ.) I'AMK All l-r,N(.|.ISli, 47 'rv- a door). 11(1. )(;k('(l. l)inl). ig oil the ickiK'ss, (ir oi'fcMi s;ii(| ) (he sys .S('(l m('(li- . Xds/iooh t fire.) i.'ijliolit t, to noto S ill (Voiit pposc'd to h-ah). a -ground. v's iiiunc -'o take (itr Xcotl-nre-ifiili. To sew. \((>/ s(f/f. TIic nose. \rt'l sliitl. 'W) hcnd tliL' licad hack- ward. S((f-i(lifl . n('(')»-ljid(Mi (mid ,<;o iiciii" tilt' water) of a >\\'\\) or l)oat. \<'fi('/i/,'f()o/r Peas. \('t-l(ih-liahtc. A rib. XUi-shitl. 'J\) scrat(di, to claw. Sish shill. To .siu'i'ze. Sisnidh. Country, t(>rritory, land, the world. Mt'nxthf. The nnnic of a trihc. \ilhin. Ro(! of fish (or perhajjs only ol' snlinon). * \n-li(ili-sli'Ul . To bury. * \(>/rr-,s/tiff. To burn, injure any- thing l)y (ire. Xoo-c/icc. A mountain. A' c/Hik. An egg. A .'^ong. Mxi-jiia.s. Twins. Xoo-zttrelh. Tamo (of doniostic birds or animals ; |)erhaj)s also when suljduod by hunger or other causes in a wild sliite.) Xon-non-clifc. A [»igeon or dove. Xon-nooh. To sing. X(top. The numeral I (also Tsow Wdilli). Xoop-ha-milh-sfds. Central, alone in the midst (not of persons). Xitnp prclh. b'umonr, universal report; or, perhaps, agreed, in unison. Np-p(vlh-soolifl. To make a friendly agreement (either na- tional or ])ersonal). Xoop-poo/t. 'J'he nuinerjil (). Xoop s'lli-liuppc/i. The highest tree or mast. (Com[). Tsow-tcair- Xim-(ftiifs. Tiuin stick; i/itcli stick. Xoos/iah 'J\> [)ortion out, to give away. yh(i. To whistle. Olipk(ttn}ts. Sand. Oli-poaUi. Deaf. (i/ipi/li. Cahu weather, no wind. Olipiihsonnlh. A button. Oh-(/uil/i. That (?), tiicre ( ? ). ho- yond (?), yet ( ?), more ( ?), besides (':'). (A word in con- stant use, but diihcult to get the exact meaning of.) Oli-(piiitnili. A box A\ith double sides, the inner ones being ir.oveable. ■^h-shifl. To fall. ^ liiptlif. Name of a trilu.'. ()/iii<(lif(( i What tribe ? ( Ohknh iKdIitc .^ The aJtt i.s here in composition just as it is in th(! names of all the tribes ) Okluthtohiili ! Of what tiibe are yo'!? (The Termination huh of- ten indicates the second })erson. ) Ohhiih ^ What ? Ohshill. To make Avater. Oochhfiiiis. Clouds. (Also Klee- lioodiuis.) Oochhtrh. Cloud, fog, mist. (Jo-ce-ilh. To obey. Ooh-sf/p. To cur down (of a tree). Unitlche. Go and bring. (Trans.) ( (JotdchitI soof/r/it/chc.) ()()hsnp. To lem[^t another to do wrong. (?) ()oh-i/oit. Friend. (A Ewklotdaht Word.) Oo-mah-huh. A colour, probably "rreen. Onmai/hsoh . IMotin^r. <)nn-7i((h f Mow much ? Onn-ndh-chit. Shape, form. On-on-eh. To hunt, to [uirsue in hunting. (Trans.) Klc:;hhnnis, with a somewhat similar mean ill,::, is intransitive. On-onh. To nn'grate (of birds). On-oohdiiiilh, 'W Oh-ohhaniilii Seventh lunar month from 'ib'jiU. November. On-oosh-tfih. To work. ()(}-(jnish-sfih, or Choohivdh-stik. Let ino .see ; a,nd oft' n u.sed in answer to a ([uestion wlien ;i person wants time for recollcc tion. (}nshi)nifsoJh. To whis})er. ()(hsh(K)J!i. Proud, scornful. Oosfi-pnhsoniifs. Thank you. Odsookfldh. Wounded. Oosfdvhisf. Surface of water. Oostahs. Surface. ()()sU'-ilh. Low down, below. Ooslepifitp. To lower, to place in a lower position. Oosfst/Jiuffh-htfh- The Indian \\\u> speaks for the chief ( 'I'Im' terminating uh-hah, probably di/hhnh ) On f (II hid. To go. (hfswffpt. A tree (probably the Douglas pine). Oof-sdpuch. To go and see. Oo-dhfL To bless. ( )d-nhtl(ip. To fini>/(ilili(ii)tis. News, tidings. ()oi/alih((nu/(. To bring news. i)()i/((J/i. To dance. ()o-i/ch. Soon, presently (a woi-d of time occurring in several combinations). ()ni/e-it!-lii. llnfinislu'd. Opechisdiit. Name of a tribe. O-kli, O-uk-oojU'lt. A h)ng time ago. (Wlien a very king time i,-5 spoken of great emphasis is laid on the -ylhible uh.) OntJoohtnnilh. Sixth lunar month, counting about November as the first. Oii'-suppah*, or Ow-suppat. A bar- barian {i.e. one of an entirely foreign speech. 'Tahkaht' is the word applied to the tribes speaking this lai:guage). Ow-i/iip. An interpreter. ■% n t« P. OU. Iter. ow. )laee in ;i [lian wliii f (TIr probalily ibly the ?e. Jl^dJi in- prolialiiy. lal iiii«'!' eet cttiiii 1'^ |5('('(tll(l P(ichr,ct((h. On(! who presents the gift of another. I'ltchcvtl. To give. r'lthiiialif., or rather, in Ihcir own and the Nitinaht ])fonuncia- tion, Vach'uldlit. The name of a tribe. !\ihini']/iih. Dust of the earth. ^''ili pdhfs-tihfL A loaf. I'dh-pdi/. The ear, the ni[)[)le of a gun. Vaht-Jnik. Rotten, decayed. Ptitdhs. Canoe full of tilings. I'dt-liooli. Things, small household ])roperty. Vdij-ha-yik. A looking-glass. Vin/Ji-cijk. To praise, to speak well of. Vdy-pdy-lidiixim. Glass, a wind 'W. 1^((-lj(ili-np, or PfiS'Soo/i'Sfooj). To excite (as by harangues). Pcprsafi. To work. l'ilbil;'j)iUnlishL A stone hamnu-r in the shape of a dumb-bell. P'in-)td-n'i(lh. A very big canoe. Pish-dJif. A l)ad workman. ]'lsli-dh. Bad. (Also IVih-od.) PisJuihfliiu. Bad 1 V,> li-u-dini l/ii . Wo r se . PIs/i (ippch . Worst. J^olihlcctiidi. Small downy feathers. (They are sprinkled on the head durinc; their (.'Utertain- ments, es[)(>cially l>y the women, when i)erforming the Chcis- f/d'('S(f .) Poo~e/t. Hal; but. f '()()// 'poofsd/t. A dream, /*otsdHS. Froth, foam (as of the sea, a person's mouth, &c.) J^tdilfcccliitl. Sle( ])y. J^dtC'd'cl-slicd. To be lost. J)/ i/dUi. Feathers. {Ey-i/dJh. The wingd'eailiers.) E -')( IIIK IMfKAIIl I,AN(;L ACiK. Q. !'; Qimh-hnms. Public, well known Qnas-si'tsos. A chair. ( From 7^wr- (/uassch.) Quas-tim-ha. Well behaved, witli jyood manners. (Quas. atrnid of, Liiha, shame.) (iHaw-quli-shitl. To sting (of a wasp or other insect). Qnaiv-teik. Ti red. Qt/awt-flk ! Come ! Quawtl-qtiuch. The elbow. Quaivtluk. Sea-otter. (2uawto(/f//<. Devious. Quawtsook. To wiilk. Qnnw-iitl. The sound of cracking. (luai/litldJi. A.cid, QiicenJitd. Pointed. Qur-e-che-is. Salutation to a man. {Che-is, to a woman.) Queel-riiiccl-hali. To ])ray. (This word not recognised by all the Indians whom I have asked about it.) Q)trp)uipsJiiJJi. To attract. Quce-qucc-hah. To suck. Qnces. Snow. Qneesnh. To snow. Queesk'Khi. Winter. Qi(('palJii(.h. Rough. (lacquenixo. The hand, the hand and arm. Qiiis-dht. The further Tahkaht tribes (Fr. Qnhpah.) Q(i(s-h(/f/-chifl. To change i\u mind or heart, to repent. Quis-shah. Smoke. Qnispdh. On the other side. {Iln chispaJi, on this side ) Quis-sefs. A pipe. (From quis- shah, smoke, and sets or setsos, which in composition menus ii . To bi eak a stick. S. Sah~ah-he. Name of the Seshaht River-house site. Snh-ooh. A wolf ( Aho Kannnt- lah.) Sa-eeniits. A sort of grass or reed growing on the coast. Sa/i-sah-n-pi. To turn over and over. Sa-siu. 11 11 in ining-bi rd . Saf-foo. A tlr-cone. Sat/hr-?nooh. A iish like or the same as tlie herrinir. Seehah. To sail. Sri'hvppfh. Unequally balanced (in a scale). Sfctd. A tail. Seshaht. Name of a tribe. Sctchah-min. To bound, to limit. a boundary. Setsoop. The hook-nosed salinon. Sefsoopus. Eleventh lunar monHi, counting about November as the first. Scncdh. We. r\iii\ Ain-i:Nf;i,isi{. ;-)! Sfcwf/fts. Ours. Sec-whipl. TIio Spircca Douglasii. Sci/dJi. I . Scfjas, or Sci/cssaJi. Mine. SJia-d-tin. rieiid of the .salmon spear. Shni/flook. To cliange quarter,*;. (Said of a tribe wlien ini!>rat- ing from one of its houses to another, and carrying its goods and houseboards.) S/ifct-Ia/i. Brake fern-root (an article of food). S/iok -sh iff. Rust e d . Slcli-cJihi-ido-mcJir. An epitliet a))plied in some way to some or all old men. Sulsniaii . INIaggots. Si/{-/{ah-ik. A frying-pan. Shnio-moox-7/rfs. A black-coloured vaccineous berry growing on rocks. SisI{Ui))?nis. Flesh, meat. Sissidskook. Rice. Sif-sl-tehl. Marmot, ground hog. S/oo-oo/i. Roof-boards of a house. Son a. Tliou. Soo-as. Thine. Soo-oolli. A kettle. Soo-peh. To catch (as of a ball or anything else falling through the air). Soorjnitl. To bring. Son-salt. To swim. Snn-snop-faliL To wre.'^tle. Snolcha. Five. Soo-Kk-hJinthl. To bite or i^iuvx (of a serpent). Soo-wf/h or Soo-iiia-tiUt. You, ye, S()otc((/is. Yours. Soowldf/. The spring, a sort of salmon. SucJi-hdlis. A comb. Such-okstnotL Stoppage in the bowels. Sion-mct-toh. A squirrel. Sfinddif-ho-iUi. The church. Sush-toop. Beast, brute, beasts of the forest, {loop, genei'ic.) St(s-s(€-iji). To sigh. S//-jj((h. Far away. Sij-iiah-tjelli- lit. Yovy far away. ■ t' I i If •'I T. Tah-alh-mah. A smooth or fash- ion(>d stick. Tiih chah. Low water. 'r THE I'MIKAIIT LANCa'.UiK. T(th-putn!)ih. Weiirliinjr soalcs. 11 rule, }i, inciisiirc (Froin Tah-t(ilt'i>vf-lii, to ct^ti- inatc.) Tah-quah or Tahh-qnah. \\vV\ in the hand. Tah-qninnih. ConccahMl in tlie hand. Tah-tah-pnf-hi. To eonsiihM", think over, to prepare, to jtractise, to rc'hearse. Tah-tah-put-hi(p. Au ohject set np to shoot at (ti. Tah-tah- put-hi) Tiihtl-tij-iidh. To pole a canoe. T(thfsrhe.. The stomach. Tdlits tdhli-sonlh. A guide (con- nected with tlie root tahli mean- ing straight.) Tah-NS. A prop or buttress. Tahn-is. A boy or chihh T(H)i-m()oh-}/nu. A single knot. Tttn-vah. r>ov, son, male in- fant. 'Vini-iioop-(dh. A burden, tlie fnrcliead-band for carrying a burden. (^One of these mean- ings probably wrong.) 'ras-mnlh-clh. To stroke, to smooth ! down. I Taffaj/-'tii. To groan (as in sick- ness). Tatti-'itsliookqiinm. The second fieger. Tattoo)^. The stars. Tattomi-ah-ah-toh.. Shooting star, falling star. Tanf-ndh-chilli. Increase of popu- Intion. Tdut-ncets'ui. Descendants, pos- terity. Tuj/-dh-dh-toh. To throw oneself from a height. T/(tli. To rub. (Redupli- cation of the syllable denoti'S repeated action.) Tfclisliufl. A noise. Tel -hoop. Cuttle-fish. Telh-toop. Fish. ( yoo;>, generic.) Tcn-ndk~mU. Mosquitoes. TcnudiHihshitl. To bring forth a child. (Com}), tcinudh.) Tcpitfdp. To throw down, to bring down. (Comp. nnstc- pifd/>.) Thn-tnc/soo. A I tell. Tohk-shilL To melt (of ice, lard, &c. Intrans.) TohDiiihtl Dark. Toh-pclh. The sea. lAirKUri-KNCUSll. • >•) make it :o tcccli, ■•) let, fthrowii tontioii- n decks save, to to pnl- Rc'diipli- (Icnoti'S Tcncric.) fortli a •) own, to ), nosfc- cc, lard, Toh-pi-is To jump over a ^stream, Tohtspah. To leap over a high thing. Tohse-iih. Very high wind IVom the sea. Toksoquin. An owl. Toocliei/. The east wind. Tookamis. Bark of a tr(\ . Toolk-toop-us. A blot, a blemish. Too-mees Coal. Toop-kook. Black. Toop-kulh. Black blankets. Toop-slntl. Evening. Toosh -Ii0(t . Cod-I i sh . Tootdh. Thunder (also f(iipshiii). Tootooch. Tiu' < reat supernatni-al bird which nuikcs the thuiulcr. Tootsopstah. A cliasni, abyss, deep hole. To-<]HaJt*. Name of ;i tribe. To w i \ Till-; lAIIKAUT I-ANGUA(ii':. ."I 44 to lie Angry Tsistoop. A ro}H'. Tsit-kay-yuk. A gimlet. Tslt-koo-iviltah. A drop (of any liquid) Tsitktaw. A roller. Ts'Uh'tmp. To twist. Tsit-kup ill To lie down. Tsit-quUchc ! Lie down ! Tsit-(fu ilh . Ly i n g dow n . down. Tsifs-cui, or Tsifs-an-ifha. (of a wordy anger). Tsitsikkhmih. To pray (as to the moon, to God, &c.) Tsitsislut. To shrink back, to be disgusted. Tsit'tsit-quKS. A cannon. l\solihsathtltl. To knock at a door, Tsohpsliifl. ITiglie.st flood-tide ; also flood from a river, to over flow (as of water over a cup) Tsoli-kif.s. The numeriil 20. TsoksJiitl. Lowing of cattle. Tsolisfplh, To fight with lists. Tsoos-lsoosa. To dig, to till the ground. Tsoot-sah, Unsteady, crank (of a canoe). 'Vsootsinnik. To wash the hands. Ttioofsohhtdli. To wash the feet. Ts(io-wif. Salnum. Tsoquitl. To wash. (Fr. Tsuk sooqnifl ?) Tsots-hoioct. To fighl with a knife. Tsow-waiv-cJi'uniih. One walking ah)ne, nnaceompanied. (So Afldli cliuniili, in company with another) Tsow-umiv-hoolh. An only-begotten son. Tsoiv-toawh. The numeral]. (Also Xoop.) 'Vaow-wawldahs. Alone in a house. (Coinp. Ilkkahs^ histoksliitl- kahs.) Tsoiv-wmc'pcli. Eminent, over topi)ing those around. Tsoiv-wawls'hamma. A man wiih but one wife, a woman with but one husband. T.sou'-wa//'f/oos. The rainbow. Tsoiu-icista. One man in a canoe, a canoe manned by one. Tso'i/ouk. To wa.-}h the hair. TsKp- soviiidcd IjIv iJi'' " ui 'mania. I I'. I ■' r>G THK lAHKAHl LWGl A(i K. li i 4'l lF(iy-ni/-chitl. A word used by a Irieiiil wlien Ik.' p«\vs ii visit al'tcr a lonv; period of absence. Waj/-'ich. To sleep. IVnyts-hook. Cautiously forward (of a canoe). H'ec-a/tk/L To curse. (Perhaps connected with ll'r-nh.) n'eel-hus-sein. A small vaccineous berry. If'eena. Attack, attitude of attack, to attack, to assault. (Perhaps connected with U'e-uh.) irccnupeli. To stay, stop, abide, remain. IVeenapilli. A being at home in the house. (Perhaps any stay- inir or abidin:^.^ IVeenapiit. To live (/ c. abide upon the earth, not die). fVect-s/iuli-hhuiih To keep on working day after day. (Com[). Yoosli uhli ht )i ik . ) lVe7-uh. Weak, not sli'ong. lyee-ic'us-uktl. Thirsty. IVrhf The brain. H'el-li(tli-ilifL To go home. (Also JTr/s/fffl ) ll'ehhcfL To iro home. IVcLsJictlclic ! do home! IVelsolilitL Cunning. IVe-oom Unforgivini'", implacable. (From Jt'c-nk.) Wc-ffk. Angry, stern (j)onrtrayed in the countenance, l)ut not expressed in w<*i'ds) IVt-uk-sch. A medicine or charm (each Indian having one pecu- liar to himself) making in- vulnerable lye-ukfl. To look for, search after. IVho posed. lyish-ukfl. To punish. lyish-ivish-ulh. Blue blankets, lyis-iiKih marking. l\ (l-sliifl. To iKM.l the head. 'lAHKAiri'-KNCiMSH. 07 leave IVoo-ivU-tat/cr. To watch at nijrlit (against surprise by enemies). iroyuhtl. To tiiink. IVun-naj/k. The throat (also At- say-kHts). IVush-aJikl-nook. United. IVush-skiik. Spoilt, worn out. IVus-ncli. To delay, to loiter. IVus-neh-mah. A word expressing disinclination to work. frussch? Where? IVusseli-huk f Where are you ? (This exliibits the t'aet that /////.', with the meaning of 'thou' or 'yon,' is not a mere verbal termination.) Wussemtuk'^ Where do you come from ? Jl'ns-sukshitl. To cough slightly. iru-wu-puk. Lazy. (The wii-wu is the repeated negative of one repeatedly refusing to work, or implies the continued condition of not working.) % Y. Yahk. Long. Vahk-appeh. Very long, longest Vahli pe-liukscL A beard. Vahk-pas. A proper name (uK-an- ing beard man). Yahk-ijahwha. A fan, or to fan. V((h-mah. T'-" sallal-berry. Vah-nnk. L ghtly siek.^ (The soul not migrated to Chamber, as it does in serious sickness.) Yah-toop. A whale, or some other large fish. Yah- ah. Pain. Yah-uk-sem. A fae<.'-pimple. Yah-iilh. {Yah-idhc coensttk how- ivi/h are the words in which the messengers of a chief invite anffic/i. To Malk out to look about. Yfffsqni.sfns. To slip. Yals-qKi-vp. To stam[) ui>oi) with the feet. Yni/-i/m/-chlni. The largest sort of whnle. Yaij-ij(ii/-('n. Supi)licalory {I.e. the yielding, eonfes.^ion. and entreaty of a person accused. The Lnlian connects the word with the idea of a craven spirit.) Ydh. A word denoting (in son»<; way) distance. ('Sv.'/"''' U^'^^' si/i/ft/t. \r.vy I'ar away.) ]'('s-.snj). To open (as of a bi-ok). Ycfldi. There, out there ''yic. some- where out of ;ight). i'rfsch-j/('/S(//t. To kick frequent I v. Ycfsch-tjrfso/.U'/i. 'Uui (i)U/ik. Balk ot" a tree. Tookdiiiis. To bark. irdir-tn/ic-tlooliirdh. The ba-e or under side oI'mu ohjeel. IJittdl/ktlcc. (Connected with Ili/tokfl, and eontrasied willi 2\ihk-sd-t(', the head, and tdh- kohtl.) A large liasket. Kd! -oots. A bat, Mdli-pces. To bathe. Ihitfccs. Baulked. Chdlt-l/atsl/ifl. A bear. Chi/zu/ms, Moofs/tid/zt/k. A bear-skin. Moots/zKiliKh. A beard. Val/k-pc-k/iksel. IV'aat. S/(skto()p. To boat with a >-ti(d>: f/cc-Mcsdk. To i>eckon. Koof-kimtt/// To i)ecoine. (Inistohpshifl. Bod and bedstead. (.'ki////nilk. Before (/./;. in front t)f). Nutsoh. To l)eg. ySi// tid //ioox//<'ts . Oregon grape (Berb<'rry). A'o- ko-iskt'kook. Thimble-berry (Rubus). Hoop- dhlk. To beseeeli. Kliih-zp/dif. Be.-I. K\{)i) }(lin)ll/l-(/pp(l/ Belter KI(H)(hl-icu//)iiiii KNril.lsll-IMiK Mil. 61 IJotvvofii (Adjectival). Ahp-tmnuh. lictwccn (leeks. Tc-at hxt 1 ) e \v ji iu ! 1 1 cm li (ih ! (Adv.) \\\\l. At//n\ vlir. A l)ill()\v. 7\s i sc 1 1 i t . Iloh idsltoo/i . To bite. Mah-vhcHl. Ditter. Mucli-pchit-hituhl. r.liiek. Toop-kooh, Attdlli, Ilfalli. l)l;iekin<>j. If'/s-mah. 1 iljin ket s. Klrrtsft'Op liliick bliinkets. Tf»>p-//i/J/t. lUiie blankets. ll'isli-whh-ulli. (Ireen blankets. Eif-i/nh-fjfiilh. White blankets. Klcvsclh. A I)la/.e {i.e. a mark on a tree to show a trail). Ilispirh. To blued (Intrans.) llissnoah- soofO, If (///•// er-yft lil-cli it I. A bleini.sh. TooJh-Utop-ns. To l)loss. (>(>-vhll. r.lind. Mnh-honlh. lilister.s. Cltdlik-cluihkl-nooli. Iilood. Ilis-sdniis. ])loody, cover(;d with blood. ITis- soolli. A blot Toolli-toop-f(s. To blow with the mouth. IIoo-sranehes. Kaf/ihih^ini. I»raiiehes knotle(l together to show a trail. AlJ-hi/li. Ib-aA ('. Ehr-soohtl To break a, slick. (liioif-np. To Ijreak a strinji or r()|)e. .is/i-siip. To l)reathe. JI(ui/i-lit(ili-h((h. A brick. JVaslilntniih. A bridge. Ifloh-pilli. To brinir. Soof/fdf/, Vo bring back. I\hi-ii(ii/-i/iip. 'Vo bring tortli a child. Tefuiamik- siidL A broom. YHk-kdi/ih. A man's brother, Eijh, KdllddhtUi, which probably means pei-r or eq'.ul. Eldest bi'other. M/fl-ch/s. Capo, of Indian manuiacture. Klee- tceneh. To carry. En-iiecsn, Moiv-icdh. To carry to. MoivaJi-isJt'uriiili-snp. A cart. Zo/i-ffids. To cat oil. Soop-pc/t. To catch sifrlii of. Xafsoh. To cater. Iliiii-nini-soo. Cautious. Koorpfah. Central, in the centre. Ahp-cclson, yilipnnniih. A chair. Q/tas-setsos. Chalk. Klitsiiiis. To change. Ilah-oh-rpntl -chill. To change inlo. Qfiistolips/iifl. To changi; the heart. (lins-lia>/- chitl (from Qnispah). To change (juarters. S/uu/flooh. A chasm. 7\)ntsopstalt. 'l"o chatter. I'sLha-tscha. Cheeks. AJi-li ff m m us. A chink. Kifflc-ijii. Cholera . l\s('el" It n h . To choose. Oli-Iiith-qnitlali. The church. Sun(l(ti/-ko-ilIi. Circlet of stuff round the head. MdJitlecfshi. C i rcuhir. Nootun i/h . Circumferential. . ^f'umikstas. To claw. Kikshitl. Claws. CImJcha. Clean (of things). Khothhtlh. (Of persons, Kloo-kloothhtllt.) To clear away. Kai/ecp. Closed. MoosJte-iis. Clouds, kfcrc/tnoajnts, Oochliamis. Coal. Too-ittees. Cod-li ,1, l\)()sh-k()-a. Cold (of ]»oiaonal 'Sensation). CJieefa- sh'Ul. (Of weather, Mntlilook.) A collection. HisJiimillt. To consider. Tiih-tah-put-hi. A comb. SttcJi-kahs. To come. EiKtchitL Tfistots/iifl. Come ! C/iookiva/i ! (liian-t.-liL ! To conubrl. Ehr-soitk-toop. To command. Ts}k-1:aijt(th.. Common jX'ople (/.r not chiefs) JSItncliim. Complete. Tahkoltl. To couii)lete. llhw-irmj-utl. To coni[)Ule. T((h-i(fh-p^U-ld. To con real. Ilolipfsup. Concealed in the hand. Tahfiniv- nik. A concourse. IJisliimilJi. 'Vo confess. ni(ih-(pinif. Confluence o^" two rivers. tiewk'tsu-uh:. To console. Khr-sonk'tnnp. Convalescent . Ti'vrh. A copy. Xdh-choolh. 0/tkskdprm. AmciifxpHJlli. Kldh-Llin ch ■■ I 1 1/ • (• I I i 1 1. TdhkoktI. Jf 'dw-HJUui-tsukkd. Athi A cork. A corner. A corpse. ('Orrect. To couirh. To cough sliiihtly. Wtis-stikshitl. A counsellor. Klah-shooa. Country. Nismdh. To cover. Ilok-f/nccr/us. To cover with a, cloth. Klc Iscf chis. ■■■■M»>:;<*«iiiwif, i M\(.!,is::-i \n;\ AHi. Vu] Cradle. N'tf-ynh-putfo. A crack. Kittle-yy. The cramp. Klathlah-enkahtou. A crane. An-noos. Crank (of a canoe). Tsoot-s((h. Crooked. Kl'uinika. The cross on the cliurch. Ilimmif- h/h (from llimnvUdh-piJi hoJd-yh, crooked housc-statr.) A cross-bar. Him-mit-fah-pch. Cross-piece of a paddle. Oli-kool-o^r.. Cross stick of a canoe. Tah-pim. A crow. Ky-cji. A crowd. Hishunilh C'rown of the head. Upit-saska. Criud. Wis/nksHhtl. To cru,sh. Tsclh-rfuiip or Trelli- (funy-up. (Com p. Qnoy-np.) To cry, to weep. Ay-ha-ik. To make to cry. Cliayl:-Lid\ The crying of a child. Kyn-nak. Cunning. Ak-cu-soolh. lyelsoliLfl. To cure. Hah-/iay. Nas. Day after to-morrow. Klah-oh- (pi'ilh. Day b(!fore yesterday. Klakoh- qn'dh-ooyc . Day-light. Nas-shUI. 1 );iy-spi ing. Nas-shitl. Dead. Kah-huk, Kali-lntkkit. Dinxf. Wik-knps, Oh-poolh. DeeayeJ. Vahthuk. To deceive. TsHs-ffuaw-up. Deep. Ihtch-chc. I)i'e])-hul('n (of ship (>r boat). Nec- uktl A deer. Ahtnnsh, Moouch. To delay. fVusneh. To deliberate. Tah-tcdt-pnf-JiL I descendants. TdutmetsiH. To desert. IVih-koos. 1 )evi( lus. Qt(awfo(/nk. To die. Ka-n-shitL To dig. I'fioos-fsoosa. To diminish. Kn/srjffy-ffj). Ify-yus a-ty-up. To direct upon the way. //<>■ seekim. Dirt. . Much-kitlh. Dirty . Much-koolh . To discuss angrily, Neetlak. To be tlisgusted. Tsitslsha. To disrobe or undress another, IJavnah-toop. To divide. Choo-i(ttoh. Divided. EIIi-wJiks. A dividing line. Up-(ni-on1h. To do away with. Ifdsli-itl. To doctor the sick. Klah-chit- lulil. A don. En-nitl. Dog-lisli. Yafcha. A door. Mooshtisson. A door-way. Tush-she. Douglas pine. Oofsmupt. Down, of feathers. Pohhlectiun. r.4 I'lii': rviiKvnr i,\N(;i".\(;f,. Downhill. Ec-t(iht-us A divain. ]\)oli-p<)n(sah. To (li-lnk. .\i(hsliifl. To drive. Tsns-f:is To drive awn v. IVil-sini. Droopiiijr. Ilohts-JinJilsk. A drop. Tsit-l:()0'irilt((li. To be drowned. I liilli-nt(i>/ huh. Dry. Klonshali^ KInnsJiooh' Dry sahnon. Klonshist. A l)liiek duck. KoJf-hoo. Dnck (niallanl). Xahtuch. Dust. J'ahLh-chiL: A dwelling. Mahfc, Mohs. Dy se n t e ry . //y.v - wuLtleh . E. Eaixle, white-headed. Anirwafffs. F];igle, the same, before the head has become white. l^ih-JioJi-tln. The ear l^iJi-paij Eai'-pendant. Eehinahoom. The east wind. 'rdOcJicu. (Of course Indians do not name their winds from the points (»f the compass, but fi-om some other [)roperties, as in our sea- bree;^(', trade wind, he.) To eat. IJah-ooL. ludio. y(ii/-i/c-(i\ An eckiy. nooith-mr/i-cliUl. An egg. Noo-i'hul:. The elbow. QiKin-fhitnich . F.minent, I'^soir-icfurprh. Kmj)ty. IViL'siu-o-utl. An end. irit-tay-n-tah. Knemy. Mahptalh. An eniei-taimnent for making gil't^ Xoosh-ith Entire. Tahlolfl Equa^ . Ah-(ttl-sooirU. To escape. Kldt-ehdh-vt. To escnpo the memory. Ei-jah/r shitl. Espoused. Klonch-hak . To extinguish. Chon-pdif-vppah, Evening. Toop-shif/. To exchange. Jfdh-noi/e. An extrenntv. JlU-tdi/a-tnh. Eyel )ro ws. A h -vh -die. r^.ye-lashes. ( Isiinixem. The eyes. K/fssch. F. I ;.■ The face. Ui/inoolh. 'J'o fall. OhshifL To fall in wrestling. Tnypifl. To let fidl unintentionally. 'J\i;/losfstn/s. Foliage. KIdhhupt. Food. IIah-on)n. Food i)ut on board for a voyage. Kook. A foot. Klah-l'Uili~tim^ Khrshldin. Foot of a mountain. Me-niUlins. ForV)idding (of the countenance). IVc- ftk. A foi-e-announcin'. llin-vah-d-wah- knk. The forehead. lui-mich-sdhta. To forgot. Klo-a-tliifl. A fork. Kah-cJn(k. Fork of a river Atln -nfivh-fsu-uh. Forked, two-branched, ^ifla-neich. Form. Oonnh-cJiif. To commit fornication (of a man). K loach- liunJi. To commit fornication (of a woman). Kla/i-olits-H nlil. Found. Sail clio-tlh. Four. Moo/i. A fowl. Ah-(ih-lic. Frantic. l\ 'ik-d-ynhsfootL A friend. Onwdhtin. A frog. l\'au'-it. Tn front of a person. Ndts-nh. Froth. Pots mis. A frying-i)an. Sih-kali-ik. A fugitive. Ilus-chitl. Full. Tseuma. The further side. Qfflspdh. A future thing. Kldlir-niiUi-nh' ski a. m 1 (;fi lilK r AUKAin l,AN(il \iiK. (I. To gainble. An-nali-(ih. A gangway. Tus-she. The gaol. MutlilJiooicilh. A garden. A'loof/tla/ts. To gather together. ULs/tiJu-t/o/tp. To gatlier fruits of sowing. 7V>- q Ills- 1 us- sup. Geese, lloxeni. A generation. Hnh-ohhs-acheel. Gentle. Klen-nah. A gift received at a Noosh-itl. XoosJioolit. Gills of a fish. T()w-(fU()s. A gimlet. Tsif-hdij-ijuk. To gird. I'lrp-iciu. To give. JV(f/i-h(ff/, Pacheetl. Glass. Pinjli (ii/x in I. To go. Ontac/ufl. Go! Eh-shvtl-vhc : To go and see. Oot-suppah. To go away and stoj) for a long time. Etiowdy-cs. To go before. (Jomai/uffuh. To go fi'om side to side, to tack. Ilei/k -Ii ('ijh-(i u ah . To go home. fVclshctl, IVel-ha- i/dl Go home ! il'clshrflche. A goal. Oo-wui/Ui-sinthl. God. Tlninas-lanv-willi (/.^.heavenly chief). Gold. Koonnh Crood. Klih'tt/il, KlooJh. lie has become good. Kloo-yah- ('liai/-<'tlin/< tikiits. A ladder. Vatscfsos. Lame. Kei/s-ketfsh -ah. To lament aloud. Titttay'ni. A lamp. Innili-sefs. Lard. lliniDiihs. Large. Ai/ltr, Elir. To laugh. K'ccliiin. To make lauiili. Kleehstnlh. Lavish. Ujt-hi. Lazy. lVi(-u-i('puh A leader. Ooicai/ttttah, CJieets-mus. To learn. KKinati/cIica. Leather. Assdh-i/uh. Leaves. Klahhupt. The left liand, llic h't'tside. Kofsas. Leg and foot. Khcsltklin. To lend. Jlo-Kts-a-o-vJiepasim, Ah-fiKlI-Jii/iich . To lessen. J ///-// t/s-a-ft/ ftp, Ki/fs- (pu/-up. A lid. Moos/iffssf'm. To tell a lie. Jlt/lohstootL To lie dowji. 'rsit-liup-itl. Light {i.e. not heavy) Yoo-^vhis. T^ight. X(ih-pi'f\ Nin/-it-luk. The light fixed on the canoe for night-Hshing. Eech-ma, eechuk. Like to. Oh-oh-kook. To limit. Sefcliah-min. The lips. Eelhlon/tonJh. To be living. IVeendpnt. A lizard. lfa-Ji~mah. A mask projecting from the fore- liead . /// - 11 Ik -kdijtsdma. A ma>t. Klolisftn. MattinL^ ol' Indian manufacture. Kldfj-hidlt. A measnro. T(iJi-i>iit-(tij'ik. The mca-sure produced by .stretching tlif arms to full width. lUhnh- hlhah-Jtdh. A measui"ing-rule. l\(Ji-put-(iyih. Meat. Siskummis. Mediate. T^pan-oolh. IMeek (of a pcr.son). Klnmo/i. To meet (of persons walking in opposite direction). Lpsfut- chitniili. To melt (Intran.s.) ruhh-shitl To mend. Ilo-avh-vhcclh. A microscojx'. Kaij-ha-nik. Mid-day. Iluop-cltc-Uh, Alt-jioiuiif- HdS. Mid-night. Ali-pooii-ntfifh. To migrate (of tribes and I'aniilies). Slid i/i look. To migrate (of birds). Oo-ook. Mild (of a person). KIciiiKik. Milk. huiinKik. Mine. Scyas^ Sei/essok. A mink. Chostinnif. To miss tiie way. I/i/ //nn-iiius. To mock. \(r//iik, ^lodest (of a wonnin). With tih. (The ah proixMinccd iilsc a in mama. ) A binar month. IloopaJh. The year begins about November, and is divided into thirteen lunar months : — First month. I\[<)fl-(>lih-kamllh. In this month the ^rvai^v leave the river months lor tla^ lakes, to breed. The word is derived from ootdchitl. to go, (ii-ook. to migrate, and kdniilh, a terminal signify- ing number, :i crowd, or flo'cds. Seventh month. Oli-olik-kamilh. Ill this month the strange geese from a distance fly over at a great height on their w;iy to the hikes. The word derived from oo-ook Mild kornUh. Eiiihth montii. Tah-kJiul-kainilh. Ih'fore the eml of this nioniii the salinoii-lxMry lieuins to r'pen. and ii .-ni;ill lorest bird known for its whi.-lling note has arrived I 70 1 1 1 K 1 A I i K A 1 1 1 L A N ( i ( A ( i K . J. 'i Ninth month. Kow-wishhnillt. So named from hoiv-wili, (he salmon-berry, and hishiinilli ■=■ lsli'uinih(unilli = knniilh^ a quantity, collection, or num- ber. Tenth month. As-sil-sis. So named from the wasp, as-sifs, which in this month builds its nest. Eleventh montli. Scfsooj/KS. So called from setsoop, a species of salmon. Twelfth month. EnaliO'Us'unilh. From c)i(tJ{o-i(s, a kind of salmon, and ini'ilh = kam'dh. Thirleenth month. Clnv-i/ah- lidiiiilh. From chcc-i/dli, to rip or split, this being the .i.nvat time ibr splitting and drying salmon. Only the older men, and that with considerable thought and care, are able to enume- rate these months correctlv. They say that two of tlu; moons, vi/ , Kdtltlahtik niid Kow-'unsli'nnUli, do not tnivel like the rest, but delay for two or three days. Morning. Ko-ulh. jMosquitoes. TcHUdhniis. Mother. Oomai/xoh A mountain. The side of a mountain. Ifin- iuu/t](ih. Top of a mountain. Up-ki/h. Mufllcd up. Klcefsimilh. A multitude. JlisliiiniUi. jNIusscls. Kloochiin. MussLd-shell. Kloochtsqtfe, N'.HK'JkCC. N. A nail. Klalipiik-niah. Nails of the finger. ChuJclut. Naked, llaunali. A name. A)n-mit-lvli. To name. Ammitti/ce. To narrate. Ai/k-huh. Narrow. UniKii/tsoolhls. A nephew. Kdli-ohts. The nettle. Af/-is, Aylh'muki. News. Ooijaliluoiiis. To bring news. Ooi/ahkatiuh. To go for news. 0(>i/((klifniieel.L To rehite news. Ooi/aldiahs. Next door, hldnnih-qnaht. Night. Ut'h/h, The nipple. Inulmah. Nipj)le (of a gun). l^dJipdij {i.e. the <*;ir). No. Jniilit. To Tiod. WU'sIiitl. A noise. TcclskiUl. The nose. Nect.sah. Nostril. Ko-uk Iddh'tim. Not. mit-ht. Not 1, JVUmli. Not he, irikVUmah. There is not, he is not, it is not. IVildilnid. To notice. Adtsn/t. Now. Kldh-howi/c. A number. Uhldiudh, 1:N(.1,!MI-I AillsAlll tliat 0. Oak- wood . 7\sa-c'/nnpf. To oltcy. Tsecdtl son, Oo'CC-ilh. (Ncitlirr of those words very certain.) An octave, or perhaps any other interval in music. Kayhaij- yes-soo. Old '{i.e. worn-out, of things). Ih- nioot. An ohl man or woman. Aiich'un. One. Tsnw-wdtili, Aoop. Open. Koo-wns. To open. KoO'iciJt-tNppa. To open a book. Ycs-svp. To open the eyes. yKpli-sliitl. To oppress. (Jlutlik-tnaykstdh, ( /ia/i/{-(/f(S-snp. To make an oration. Tsetk-milh' hii))p('h. To ()rd(n-. Tsil{-h(ij/f(ih. To ornament. Kloolilooiliisik. Tlie otlu'r side. Qiiispah. Otter. ll'anloiek. (Sea-otter, QudH't-lldi.) Ours. Secwdlis. An overflow. Tsohpshitl. Overhanging (of a rock). Klin- Intt-siippoh. Ovei-topping. I'sow-wftupch. An owl. 7'()/>s(>/i(/ffiN. v. To })a(ldle. Klaij-hiUi, Khaj-hith- Iwh. I'ain. yah-nk. The palate. Kiit-chc-hn. I'alisades. Khdih'nnUh. A panther. Ki/ yann'H. Paper. Kcitsclli. Parallel. Tahli-ai/-ns. Partridge, Uo-ih. Topassby.//<'--^//y>-7>r///-«.v.(Intrans.) A path. I'ns-shc. A pattern. Nali-choolli. A peer. Katlilalifik. Peas. Xenehlitook. Percussion-cap. llo-ha inn. A T)io A A ([uantity. To quarreh llisliiniilli. yectlafi. Q. Quickly, be (piick I Ai/-(if/hr-slie. To quiver. Ke-kcesh-laih. \{. Piiin. M((th(li. Small-rain. Kdylmh. Th(^ rain-lK)w. Tsow-wcu/-i/oos. A rat. Khn/fsrnvhk. A raven. Ko-ishln. To ravish. Kap-shitl To reach after. Ah -eh id To reckon. Tah-tah-pitt-hi. To recount. Aijk-hiih. lied. Jlissif. lled-hot. I\nw'icish-)il\ Iveflection in water, mirror, &c. Ko-uts-nuih. A refugee. Ihischitl. To rehearse. Tah-tah-piit-hl, Relaxed bowels. Tscel-hah. T(» remain. Wecjia-peh. 'J'o remember. Aij-hik'tah. To renew. Ohn-)iah-ha!/~i/np, Klah- h-pi. To shrink ba(d\. Tsitsishd. Shut. Moos/ic-iis. To shut. Mooslietuppah. To shut the eyes. Kaytsbmih. Sick. 7\ii/-ilh. To sigh. Si(s-se^-ip, Aij-hash. The sight of a gun. K(ii/-hoUi. Simihir. Oh-oli-hooh, Mai/l-hi To sing. Aoo-nook. A sister. Klooch-inoop. To sit on the ground. Tuh-c/niillch. To sit down in a chair. TKk-(iuas- sefi. Six. yoop pnok. Skin. Vo'/^/X'. A skull. KiHtmits. Sky. \(ts. A slave. Kolh. To sleej). U f///-f(/i. To be sleepless. KUnmnddaih . Sleepy. J^oiilfircliitl. To slip. \'(tfs(/ffistt/s Slippei-y. I\las-ifs-ntl. Sm;dl. ( Jtitft'/tis, (Jchliinndhis Also is as a lermiiial. //at.so/i, UilHIIIJtS. Small- pox. Khililioli -pliit. To smear with resin or pilcdi. Isli kolh. To smell. Mccsooli. (Trans.) To smell at. Mccshifl. To smile. Chal-hdh. Smoke. QiusIki/i. Smoke stack. Iit-nik (ink-t1ijih. Smooth. Klaslmh. A snake. Ili/-i/h-(ippi. S(jn. Tan-)i(ih. A song. Nook. Soon. Ooijch. Soul. Ko-uts-mnh. To sow seed. To-(juit-tup. To s[)eak WauK Ifatv-nunv. A spider. Metnciooliniahk. Sjiirooa Douglasii. Sea-whipt. The bind of departed spirits. Chay her. To spit. 7\th/is/rifl. Spi t tie. Talikfs-(p(e. To s[)lice. (l>iit-li i/n. Tosplit salmon fordrying. C 'lice i/ah. KNtil.lSH-IMIKVflT. < ') To split with tl wcjIjiic Klctshitl. Spoilt. Hush slinli. A spoon, ('hitorliuli. To sprinkle. Iloutsli'itl. Spring. Sooivii/f/. To .'♦(puit. Ti(k-(/nnU( h. A scpjincl. Siim-tmt-toli^ Kil- ('lini>nuiil{. To stamp upon willi tlic I'cct. Vats- (jiii'^i). (Conip. Qtfot/-i//)). To Miiud up. KIdhlt-'ih sliitl. Standi nn; up, oroct (of a porson). Kl(ilili~ili- pllli . Stand up! Khdik-ih-slw-c! Starlish. Kus-hecp. Startled. (Jliuli-IiKtshitL The .stars. Tadoos. To .stay. IVanni-pch. Staying. IVceHd-pilh. Steam. Mooliwah. Von-wha. Steady (of a canoe). 11 7//-'// .v. Screw steamer. )'(ts<'Jt-i;(ts(>hh'h. Paadle-wheel steamer. Zuktililic To steal Kootcilli. Steep. Kc~lalik-I('s. To steer. Klcifshitl. Steersman. Khitvhd. Stern (Adj.) Ifc-nk. To sting (of a nett'e, not of an in- sect). Kdh kill liiitl. To sting (of an insect). Quaw-(/uk- sk itl. To stir, 1o stir up. Kifsnielsnh. The stomach. Tuhts-che. A stone. Moox-j/eh (pi'obably de- rived from Mook-ivak, 'steam,' as Itiuixj/cli, 'wood,' i.< derived iVom inuik, ' fire/ hot slone.s being usec'0[)('. K(ii/-li/lnih-sliitl . 1'hin (ol' ",i hoard, or ^[' j)a])er, or anythinjr thit). l^/fncif/lof/Mis. Thine. ,S:to(fS. Tilings, possessions. Ec-eshtooj). Pat-hnoh. 'J u ihink. Woii-uhtl . To think ovei". Tali tiili-}mt~hi. Thirsty. IVcc-n'is-vhfl. Klon,shlso- qua. This. A/i-liooh. This side. Hiuh-is-pidi. Thou. Soon. A thought. Kiilli-kahni-)uiif-tpSlf)ll~ll' llliilclt A tow( 1. Trciitclli-oontaJi. A tnul. Tush -she. To ti'iulo. Miih-qniiinih. 'i'raditioM>. Hnh-hoh-jxih. A tree. Klah-hdhs, Soovhas. Trihe. Mahfp, MaJts. A trigger. Che-rhih. Trousers. KU'esh-hhikkaih. True. Tahhiihtl. The truth. Tahhohfl. To tell the truth. Tahhohstaofl. A turkey, .\h~ashy. Turnips. IVali-irah-eJir-kooh. Twenty. Tsohkits. I'wins. y nomas. To twist, Tsitk-tsnp. Two. At-lah. u. Unable. Im-lah. To unbind. Khtk-siip. An umde. Xnh-ay.r-oh. lo understand. Ki'unolop. EN(iI,ISH-TAMKAH'l. t i I do not understand, flt/em-ham' mah. (More commonly, If'im- nttotnah.) He does not understand, llijem- ham-mai/h. Unequally balanced. Seekuppch. Unforgivinf;. l\'i-nom. United. IVusli-altkl-tiooh. U nkind . / / "tshiksuktl. Unsteady (of a canoe). To untie. Kluk-sup. Unwell. Yali-ni(k. Upiiill. Ee-tahk-leis. To up.-^et. Uowksap. Useless. Ilijtnktl. Tsoot-sah. V. A vajrabond. Ilus-chitl. A valley. Jllcctas Val uable. Ai/hr-icukfl. Veins, }irteri<'s. HI<)ok-tnpL Very. Ei v//. Violent. // ishk.su/itlsfut. To vomit. AJi-thlaJi. w. A waistcoat. Chnkswlh. To walk. Ydtsook. Warm. Klolih-pah. To wash. Tso-t/uitl. To wash the hands. Tsootsinidk. To wash the i'ace. Klohpshitl. To wash the hair. Tso-ynok. To wash the feet. Tsoots-i^kktah. To wash the whole body, llattoe. A wasp. As-slfs. To watch at night. Woo-w/t-tdt/er. Watt'r. Cku-uk. To water. Tseesannup. To make water. Okshifl. A wave. Tsa-onclh-lius. With. Ish'uniik. A wolf Kaunathih, Suli-ook. A woman. Klootsmalt. A married woman. K/oofsmtt/t. Unmarried woman. Ifah-qiiutl. A woman with one husband. Tsnw- ivawts-/nim//ia. Wood. Innilis-yeh. Great woodpecker. Klai/h-inah. A small woodpecker. Koliqneiind- jnch. To work. M(NN (>()/{, On-ooshftih, PepesalL Worn out. lVnsh-shvk. Worse . PisJi iv u n n un . Worst, l^ishapix'h. Worthless. Ili/toktl. Ah-uk-qnocli-t/oo. Ka-a-sup. 0()yoi)htlotuj)ithiy Mida.sh ( Maylhi, iiiav- tlhi) Mookikil Nan-iK'khili ohp (Na- nichkUih-(>h-af>pi) Pishwimiksim (An Ahousalit) Quay t Us (^>uc('s-ah-ah-chilh (^|uy-ayts-ukshilh Sali-ah-hm Seclsniaiuui Shahktikke Shiiliktootl Si -yah - noop ( Sy -yah ) Tahtsi-wutsi (Talit, Tahk) Tah-wiiuii.sira Toolannoos Tootisniu;) (Toota) Tootooch (Tootooch) Tsuk-hawb T u .s h ce 1 1 i 1 n ( T u s liee ) Upcekiclii.-t We-vvuorn tah-erk W'ikaniiini.sh Wush-to-kah Yah-ah-pulh Yah-ah-yalita Yik-kay-ah Si) IIIK lAHKAHI l,AN(iUA(;K. OrEClIISAirT .MEN AND ]]()YS. Ay(>n-chissook (Aycn- tuk) Chaucli-is (George Is, diminutive) Chayher-inalitl (Cliay- her) llah-houlh-ayluiht Ilay-aytlukshilh He-eesin-yup Kal-oh-csh Kay-que^etl. Klah-oti-klooquah (Klah-oh-klooUi) Klahp-liaytup (Klali- oli-appi) Klahtsinik, Klocsliin Mayees Qti as-soon (^uifljceiuHn (Qiie-e elie-is) Say-is Sint-sit Tay-isni Te-teechit fTeccli) Tootoocli (Tootooch) SESIIAITT WO:\LEN AND GIRLS. Chayilh-muk. Eytlali. Ilalikoomis Halikoonniksliill IJayteloquitl ITys~tis Klah-ap (Klah-ob- appi) Klayhr-klayhr-snks Klohpili-ukshilh Malikquolh Nas-is (Nas) Ohksis Pay His Tootinia (Toota) LONDON : Pf)>ltc.l ]>y SmAXUKWAYS AND Wai.dkn. CaHtlc St. LoicC8t>.^r S'l. \ I i <" m