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It is a very variable stream, flowing in the ui)per reaches with feeble curient, over sandy shallows, with here and there deep pools, and at certain seasons almost lake like (!X))ansions over the adjoining swamps. The slugglish current and muddy liottom render the ujjper part of tjie river a congenial resort for [)ickerel,'* and large numbers of these fish arc taken there from time to time by sportsmen. In the last twchr miles of its course Eel river is transformed into a turbulent stream, broken with rapids and falls, to such an (ixtt-nt that only at tlu' freshet Bea.son is it possible to descend in canoes. About six miles above the mouth of the river there is a well-known water fall, about fifteen feet in height, at the foot of which Salmon were formerly taken in large quantities. More than two centuries ago the Indians of the Meductic village used to resort thither at the proper season for the i)urpose of fishing. t The place is only about six miles, in a direct course from the Meductic fort. Geographically, Eel river is of some local importance, as it forms the boundary between the adjoining counties of York and Carleton. His- torically, it is more notable than any other tributary of the upper St. * Pickerel were uiikncpwii in Kel liver until leceiitly. About twenty vciii'!* ajj" ■' -^'i' I'liikin ut Itenton, pliu-ud about a half dozen of these tish in the atreiun, iiiul in it \en slmrt lime tlie\ nnilti- plied B(i iinia/inBly iis to take almost entire possession, extcrn)inatinjr trout ami other tish. I'roin Eel river they have found their way into the river St. .lohii, where they are frei|Uently lauuht. + This is' in all probability the sjiot tip which John (Jyles (wlio, as a lioy, was a captive at the Meiluctic village A. I). lOMl-Kiliri), refers in his nurr.itive : "()t;ce, as wc were lishiny for Salmon at a fall of about lifteeu feet of water, I came near bein^f drowneU! almost constantly traversing tin* waters of the Medoctec; at one tiiiu! directing tlieir way westward to devastate the settlements of New England, at another proceeding Irom the Penobscot and Kennebec regions to the aid of their French allies at Louisboui'g and Beau.sejour. In the course of the stirring events of that period war parties travelled so frequently hither and thither that tlie mutual acquaintance of the; savages was extended throughout the whole of ancient Acadia. Colonel John Allan, who, prior to the Kevolution, was an Indian trader at the head of the Bay of Fundy, says, that at tlie close of tlie "old J'^iench war" in 1763, there was scarcely a single Indian warrior who was not individually known in all their villages and encampments, from Kennebec to Mirami.'hi. The extensive use of the old routes of travel is strikingly shown by the fact noted some lifty years ago by Dr. (Jesner, in the report of his topographical and geological survey of the jaovince, namely tliat along the aboriginal tiail, ''the solid rocks liave been furrowed by the moccasins of th(! native tribes." Various rei)utal>le authoriti(!S assert that the coarse granite rocks are worn in places to a defttli of two or throe indies, by the constant use of the old Indian trial ; and one wiiter* declares that we have in this circumstance the most ancient evidence of the existence of mankind in this part of America. There is only a short portage from the Eel river lakes to Noith lake, one of the sources of the St. Croix, and the latter river supplies communi- ■ Frtck'i-iuk KiUUcr. Sue " Militur.v (»|n;iutiuiib in ciistciii Maine anil Nuva Scotia during tlix lUviilutinn," p. so. VKW IIRIVRWICK IIISTOIUCAI, HOCIETV. 3 . Tlio •dinkie- : niiiiiu ixiiiiity 'otciii'ee- i.sliitiun cation with tlie Pag8ania(|uotl\it in eat li liill three or four iirazilian heans ; when they grow up they inlerlaic with the corn which reaciies to the heiglit of from tlvo to six feet, and tliey keep the grounil very free from weeds. We saw many Hi|uat>lies, |iumpkins and t()l)acco wliieh tlicy likwise oultixali'. They plant tlieir corn in May and gatlicr it in Septtnihcr. The S(|uashes, pumpkins and tohacoo, it need scarcely ho said were like the corn, indigenous to America, ahhough brouglit from more southern latitudes. Thcie is a curious Indian tradition that tlio crow brought them a grain of corn in one ear and in the other an Indian hean from the field of their god Kantuntowit, in the south west land. The Indian tobacco was a smaller and more hardy sjjecies than the Nivothiuo tiibocittii. that has since become so popular with their white brothers ; Jactpies (.'artier describes it as early as 1535, and we give his description in the (piaint language of Ilakluyt's translation : — " Tliere groweth also a certain kind of lierbe, whereof in sonimer they make a greate provi.sioii for all tlic yeere. First tliey cause it to be dried in the snnne, then \Neare it af)out their neckes wrapped in a little beasts skiiine made like a little baggc. « ith a hollow jieece of stone or wood like a pipe or coronet. Then when they j)lease tliey make iiouder of it and then jint it in one of the ends of the said coronet or pipe and laying a cole of tire upon it, >it the other end sucke ho long, that tliey till their bodies full of smoke till tint it coninieth out of their mouth ami ntistrils even as out of the Tonnel of a chinuiey. They say that this d tinct' <|Mot(' !iis slinpud liku ntiiig three tliei' tliivo is thi'v pii( y intfiliiit- 1 tliuy kiu'p lid t(i))iiuco iitliiT it ill said were oni more tlio crow n Jndiim ■est land, than the eir white ' give his ey make a the siiiine, acle like a et. Then nils of the aiicke HO leir mouth this (loth ut tlieiii." i cleared n visited I tlifl RJioreR of Acadia }i(* found that Indian axen and otll^r iniplenientn were all of stone, and he speakH of the ininiense lahor and diHiciilty they encountered in falling trees with such rude iniplenientH. Nevertheless they nunuij^ed to hack down trees with their stone axes, and after burn- ing the liianches and trunk, planted the'ir corn aiiioii^ the stumps, and in tlu) course of time took out the roots. Tlje corn they rai.sed they eitluu- dried in the milk in the manner desciil)ed hy John (Jyles in his narrative,* or allowed it to ripen, wlien they shelled it from the ear and pounded it in wooden or stone mortars, and reduced it to meal. Out of this meal they made thin hroad cakes which they t. oked licfoie the tire. Speaking of this fact in one of his lectures on early New UrunKwick history, the late Mosses I'erley remarked : "and here, ladies and genth;- men, we have the origin of that very good thing to all true 'blue noses.' an Indian Johnny Cake ! " Parkman in one of his works speaks of the Algonquins as a pio pie who paid no attention to the cultivation of th(! soil. This stni uient is manifestly a mistake in the case of the Maliseets who are a nibe of the Algoiwiuin race. The site of old Fort Medoctee lie; on the west Imnk of tlio St. .fohii river about eight miles below the town of Woodstock on land now ownt'd by A. K. Hay. The reader will gain a lietter idea of the posi- tion of the fort and its surroundings by an examination of the plan on the next page, t Unfortunately for the historical student the site has been so well cultivated by thrifty farmers that there now remains little to indi- cate the outlines of the foi titlcations. It is impossible to determine with absolute certainty the exact position of the stockade, or of the large wigwam';: or Council Chandler and other features commonly found ill Indian towns of that period. The only place where the old breast- work is now visible is along the south and east sides of the i)uiial ground, where it is about two feet high, but Mr.Wilmot Hay says that when his father purcliii.sed the property theie was an embankment four or ti\e ' " Til dry ciirii when in the milk, tliev ^ritliur it in liirife kettlow luiil Imil It nii tlif eiirs till it is inx'tty hiinl, then shell it from the mh witli ilain shells, and drv it mi hark in the sun When it is tluiionuhly ihy, a kernel is im tiiirurer than a pi.'a ami wnnld keep years, and when it is huileil a^jain it swells as l.irne as when y, in his first report on the St. John river Indians, submitted to the provincial legislature in 1841, desciil)es the encampment at Meductic Point, and quotes a tradition that the Indians built here in i i L ' iu.teiLjJU.tigii. ' ^.:J r j i NKW liUrNSWK'K IIISTOr.UAL SOCIETY. ? le nortli-weat i was levelled me ditticulty, construction, au extending ibout twenty- about twenty ,0 the upland, etl.ing like a ipland. Here, r wliich 1 lands their French devRstato the eepHillside | 70 fo toft' I D "^ Gyles spring I is overflowed river Indians, he encampment lis built here in early times a very strong fort to repel the French. It is, however, almost certain that the fort was in existence before the arrival of the French on the upper St. John, and was intended primarily for the protection of the Indians against the attaci been a very laborious task to construct the palisade in the lirst instance, and nothing Init stern necessity is likely to have driven so naturally indolent and improvident a people to undertake it. The stout stakes were cut, pointed, and lirndy planted with no better implements than tlu; clumsy stone axe and like tools of pre-historic times. Between the stakes saplings were interwoven, so as to form a well-nigh impenetrable wall, which was braced as firndy as possil)K . According to tradition several sanguinary Ijattles were fought in tiie vicinity of Fort Medoctcc, and the bodies of many of the slain were liuried in the old grave yard, others at a ))lace on the opposite side of the river, where many skeletons have been brought to light. In these legendary Indian fights it is the Mohawks who, ior the most part, tigure as the antagonists of tlie Maliseets. Until \ery recently the very rtime of Moliawk suthced to startle a St. John river Indian. The late Mr. Fdward Jack once asked an Indian child " What is a INIohawk.'' and received for reply, " A Mohawk is a bad Indian who kills people and eats them," In the narrative of his captivity John Gyles tells an amusing story of an incident at Fort Medoctec, which serves to illustrate the super- stitious dread the Maliseets entertained with regard to the ^Mohawks, We give the story from the original narrative in his own words ; "One very liot season a great number galliereil together al the village ; iind, liL'ing a vtry droughty [leople. ihey kept .lames ami myself night and day tit .hing water from a cold spring, that ran out of a rocky liill about 1 liree (|uarteis of a mile fiom the fort. In going thither we erossed a large iiii 3rval corntield, and liien a descent to a lower interval before we ascended the liill lo tlie spring. .lame.'!, being almost dead, as well as I, with tjiis continual fatigue, contrived to fright the Indians, Ife told me of it, l)ut conjured me to secrecy, yet said lie liiiew that I could kee]) counsel. The next dark night James, going ''or w-.ter, set his kettle on the descent to the lowest inter\ al, and ran back to the fort putting and blowing as in the utmost surprise, and told his master that he saw something ' Tlic reforeiice is Id JamcB .Mexanilor, a .Jersey man, who was captured at the tiikini; »{ Kaliiioutli, Maiirj, l).v 11 t)aml of aliout aoO liuliansi, iiiaiiv of tliein Ijeloiijjii)!.' to the river St. Juliii, nil the "Jyth Jlav, liiltU. .More tliaii imi prisMiiers «ei-c tatieii, ami tlie luimticr '4 Willeil wa;? very larjru. ■i *> s NKW BIUNSWICK HISTOUirAI. SOCfKTY. n near the si)ring, which looked like Mohawks (which he said were only stumps — aside), his master, beinj; a most courageous warrior, went with James to make discovery, and when they came to tlie brow of tlie hill, James pointed to the tlumps, and witiial touclied his kettle with his toe, which gave it motion down hill, and at every turn of the kettle the hail clattered, upon which James ano 'is niasler coidd mcc a Mohawk in every stump in motion, aod turned tail too, and i was the best man who could run the fastest. This alarmed all the Indians in the village. 'I'hcy, though about thiity or forty in number, ])acked off, bag and baggage, some uj) tlie river and ntlicrs do\Nn, and did not return under fifteen ilays, and, tlie heat of the weather being finally over, our hard service abated finally for this season. I never heard that the Indians understood the occasion of the fright, but James and 1 had many a ])rivate laugii about it." In explanation of the panic of the Indians on this occa.sion, we may recall Parkman's desciiption of the Mohawks, as the fiercest, the boldest, yet the most politic savages to whom the American forest ever gave liirtli and nurture. They were early supplied with fire arms by the l)utch settlers, and the posse.ssion of these, added to their natural courage and ferocity, gave them an advantage over the neighboring tribes they fully undei'stood. They boasted that they would wipe the Hurons, the Algon(juins and the French from the fact' of the earth. "As soon as a canoe could float they were on the wai path, and with the cry of the returning wild fowl mingled the yell of these human tigers. They did not always wait for the breaking ice, but set forth on foot, and when they came to open water made canoes and embarked. They burned, hacked, and devoured ; exterminated whole vilbiges at once." One of the French missionaries says: "They ate men with as much appetite and more pleasure than hunters eat a boar or a stag." This is substantiated by a story Parknuui relatis of a !Mohawk war party that once ca{)tured an Algon<|uin hunting party, in which there were three squaws, who had each a child of a f(!w weeks or months old. At the first halt the captors took the infants, tied them to wooden spits, roasted them alive before a lire and feasted on them before the eyes of the agonized mothers, whose shrieks, sujiplications and frantic eflbrts to break the cords that bound them, were met with mockery and laughter. " They are not men, they are wolves!" sobbed one of the wretched women as she told what had befallen her to the pitying Jesuit. The INIalisrets were a tribe of the AIgon(]uin nation, and shared with their Canadian kinsmen the bittiT enmity of the INlohawk nation. The position of the spring mentioned by CJyles as the scene of the Mohawk scare, is given in the lower right-hand corner of the plan, (see page G). Its distance from the old fort is about half a mile, and the situation and sui-roundings correspond so exactly with Gyles description * ■« I ll jui i mjum i , j i ti5ai-iJjiJ ^C33C5S: Ni:\V MlilXSWICK llI>TOi;i('Ah hOI.IKTV, nly stumps — imes to make oiuted to the motion down James and 'is lil too, and i lulians in the off, bag and mider fifteen ervice abated he occabioh of ion, we inny the boklest, t over gave riDs by tlie uni) ooiirfif'o tribes they Hurons, tlie ^s soon as a cry of the riicy did not n they came lacked, and the French ? and more itiated by a ;aptured an s, who liad tlie ca[)tois ive before a hers, whose that bound t men, they J what had sliared with tion. 'ene of the 3 plan, (see le, and the description ^ DEO. 0?T. MAX-i M Dccvn f^ p. 10-^ • L CVAKD JOCiL \l SACLP.DOTZ ' i ihiit tlicie is not tlic slii,ditcst (li)ubt as to the idcntiiy of iln- spring. Tluj water that flows from it iicxor fails and is veiv pure and rool. At tlic nortli west coriM'r of the ^„_^ bni'iid ground, at the jilacc marked ^ I' ■ in tlie plan. Mr. A. \{. Hay found, in . I line. IS',)!), a small slate-stone talilet. it was lyin^ (piite near the surface, hidden merely by the fallen I ^^i H ONOR D -10 A' BAB ■ | leaves: the inscription is in an excel- ( HOCT£M- PO 5; AN DC-^ lent state of preserx ation. The tablet is of black slate, similar to the slate found in the neighijorhood. in lengtli fourteen inches l)y seven in width, and al)0ut one iiu'h in thiekness. Jlr. W. F. (ilajiong, of Smith College, Northamjiton, ^Nlass., who was the first to make a critical study of the stone,* declares it to be, as regards this province, the most interesting relic of the French period that is extant. The annexed cut shows the outline of the tablet, with the inscrip- tion reduced to nbout one fourth its actual dimensions. Without abbreviation the inscription reads : DEfJ Olitimo INIaximo In honorem Divi loannis l>aptist;<> Hoc Templuin p.osueiunt Anno Donuni MDCCVll. Malecit.k Missionis Procurator Joanne Loyard Societatis lesu Sacehdotk. The translation reads: — '"To God, most excellent, most high, in honor of Saint Joiin Baptist, the Maliseets erected this church V. D. 1717, while Jean Loyard, a priest of the Society of Jesus, was procurator [or superintendent] of the mission." t See Ur. (iiiMiiiijf's article ()n "A relii' >'i tlie French nccupati'.ii iif ,\ew Brunswick," |>rintO(l ill the KiUicutidiiiil Heview in ISOU. t The authiirities for the restuntioii in full nf the Latin inscriptiim and fur the Eiiiflish transla- tion are Hisho|i Hnwlev , nf Xewfcmiiclland, ami Kev. Father .Innes, nf St. Mary's (.'dlleue, Mnntrcal. I clesire, in this cimiiectiiin, tn express my nhliiratinn to l)r W. F. (Jaiionif «h.i, ha\ iiit; heeii at s.)ine pains in scciiriiii; infurinatinn on this point, generously supplied it to me. W. O. II. L- T * ^mW ie UL. ■ J ..4-A!V i»'- 10 \K\V ina'NSWH K lllftTOKU Al, WdCIKTV. The inscription is clearly and neatly wrouylit, lnit not with suliicifnt skill to suggest tlio hand of a jiractiscd stone engravei'. It was, in all jnoiiahility, cut liy Father Loyard himself with a |iocket knife. The Diuiie P. Danielou, Loyard's successor, who eaiiie u|)oii (he I'ivei' ahout I7.">0, taintly scratched on the lower left-hiiiid corner, is evidently a later addition ; its presence there, howevci', is of historic interest and will Ik; a^ain referred to. French missionaries laliored at a very early ])eriod tor the conversion cif the St. .lohn river Indians. The first at the .Mediictic village, uf whom we have any definite knowledge, was Father Simon, one of tin? !!'"'<)llct, ])riests of the Franciscan order. Jie is fretjuently mentioned liv .lohn (ivies in his narrative, and always in the most favorahle terms. Indeed, had it not Ijeen foi' Father Simon's kindly interest the I'^nglish captive woidd, on more tiian one occasion, have fallen a victim to the Hialice of hi^ < aptors. In speaking of the hai'liarities practised hy tii<^ savages upon their untbrtunnte ])iisoners, (iyies remarks : ■'The ;)rii'st nt' the river was uf the order of St. Fiiuuis, a -enlleiiiau uf a Iiuinaiie, m'lierdU.- tlis])obitiuii. hi his sermons lie severely reprelieiuled the linlians for their barbarities to captives, lie would often tell them that, exeeptiiiu tiieir eri'urs in reliL'ion. tlie F.nglisli were a better people tlian themselves." There are several contemporaiy references to Father Simon, ("lailevoix mentions him, as also does Villebon in his journal. Monsieur 'iiiiieiife in a m» inoir on Acadia, written at Fort Xashwaak,"^ October 1. 1 ';'.>:•. says : ■• There are liere two lieeollet-;. Father Simon who, in reality, (iiiiiii-li,)in n/ J i~ \'. ilh I'.ie savaires of .Nb'doktek, and batlier Klizee, the chaplain at l'"oit Nash- n.,uk. Father Simon tuight to spend tiiis autumn at tjhieiiec to tender iiis subniis- s-ion ( iiiii '■■'■••niin ) to his Superior; he is a \er\ i'onsi-it.'ntious man, who only suliiiiis- II, who iinly an BO retiring' s niiiiitsU'riul ■ same time, warded tlio heen made ?, river, and (iyles, and ottiee. Yet II riviT, iijipcsitf lie ('nuld play tie" part ut the w an inr wjicn eallfd upon, as we learn fiom (iovernor Villfhon's atrdunt of the deCncc of I'oit Nasliwaak in Octolier, 1 G'.Mj, against the attack of the New I'jighind cxpeditieii. led l>y Colonels Hatliorm.' and Chineli. See the lollowing extiact tVom Villehon's journal : "1 hail wriHt'ii, nn llic 11th iii.st (-■'. -'. O'-toher) to the lli'fi.Hct, l'"at]ier Simon, missionary to tlie sa\ (gtN of this legion, to eonn' (|\iii;kly, ami I siuniliid liiin to eni.'n<;e all the savuf^'ts to ci jne down who wuii' willing' to li<:ht with the Kiiglisii. He lo.'-t not a n'oim.nt, and having sent out word on all s-idc>. the savages hcing at the time disj orsed upon the ri\er, he ani\td tliree iiours afltr n.idday on the Ittli, bringing thirty-six saxagcs, and assured me of his caniost desiiu to remain at the fort, as tiie ehaplain was tiiin ahscnt." Nearly all nur local liistoiians have assumed that Father Simon Itionglit his land of savages, or nco/Jiijfrs as the_\ are termed Ky ( 'harh'voix, from .\ukpait Uie Friiich .settlements of Acadia. Jle slept at the Medot'^c toit one night on his way down the river. .\n account of his tour is gi\fn in a book printed in l^iris, in the year \^)i^^, entitled '' Fstat picsent tie L" Eglise et de la C'olonie Francai.se dans la Nonvelh- France, jiar 'S\. J- Evetpie de (Quebec.' The Bishop's lefereiue to his visit at I\redoet( c is as follows : " 'I'lie IStii I May, l(i.S(i| we slept at Medogtek, the liisl fort in Acadia, w here- I greatly clieered a hnndre<''i savage:^ during my visit ; 1 told them I eaine on pur- pose to establish a mission in the place for their benelit. It is to he wished iliat the Flench who have tlieir abode along the route were so steady in their habits as, by their example, to draAV these poor people to ( hrislianily : but we must hope that with time the refoiniati<»n of the one will ■ cndu'C to the conversion or the othei." After the deatli or removal of Father Simon, the desuits seem to ' -^^g^^^^«g^'"'"^'"«'"^-'*-'^"'TiM M 12 NKW Ilin.S.SW ICK lll.STolllCAL .xOCIKTV, Imve asstniiod the direotiou oi spiritual alliiirs amongst the Tnclian.s, The tirst of their niissionaries of whom we liave any leconl is .Jeau Haptiste Loyard, whose name appears on the tablet before referred to. H(> was l)orn in the Provinre of Afiuitaine, Ootolier 18, 1G78, and entered tlie Jesuit Society August .")0, IG!*.']. He came to America in 1708. and a few years hiter iiis name appears in the catalogue as one of the missionaries in Acadia, in all piobability a missionary to the Indians of the river St. John, although il is not until tlie year 1710 that the nanie of his mission is speeilied : in the catalogue of that yea it isgiven as "Medc^ktek." It is evident that the Frendi govennnent wa at this time very anxious to cement, in every )iossible way, their allianc with ilie native tribes of Acadia.* On June 1."), 171G, the Freiirh niinister wrote : — r IS e " It lia.x sefnii'd good to lus majesty, in ordei' to attach to us afrc.-.li tlio Alieiiaki savages settled in Acadia, to allow them the construction of the t\\i> (.•liui'che.s that they have desired in the missions ov tlie liver St. .loim and Xaraiitfouak | Kennebec], and his majesty has been jdeased to place to tlieir account a, sum of 1*200 livrea, agreeably to the proposal of the Sieur Begon. The Sitnirs de \'audreil and IJegon will take care that it is expended to advantage, and it is desirable that this sum, with that which the savages themselves can rai.*e, should suttice to build the two churches. "' ''. ! ' M!!i In reply the jNlanpiis de Vaudreil wrote that he had jiroinised to have the churches built ; they would cost little and would be the means of attaching the Indians more tirmly than ever to the French. A year later, OctoV)er 14, 171G, Vaudreil and Begon, in their joint note to the French minister, say ; — " The savages <»f the missions of the river St. John and of Narantsouak w ill fnniish a quantity of licaver as a contrilaition towards the cost of building the tA\o churches for which the king has granted this year 1200 livres." The date on the memorial tablet (A. I). 1717) shows that the walls of the church were raised and the building enclosed the next year. A year later the king of France made a further grant of 1200 livres toward the churches at Medoctec and Narantsouak. and in 1720 a third grant of a like sum which the governor and intendant were desired to have expended with a view to the completion of the work by the aid of such assistance as the Indians themselves could aflbid. In the autumn • This policy liad l)OtMi fullnwed, hnutner, fnmi tile first. Anuiiijfst the pteseiits stiit imt Iiy llio Freiicli ifdvc'rimient in the year ItilKf, by the frisfute La Suzanne, for tho savajres in Acadia were tliL- fiilldwiiiK articles for tlic Malecites : - Bayonets; I'lTf) Itis !;ood powder ; muskets, .'> excellent and :{0 ordinary ; shirts, 10 at fiOs. and liO at "iDs., 1 pair of stockings, 1 jfold laceil hut, I Kuiieii blanket, i'p()i> lbs of lead in builds, 100 lbs of lead in bars I KKW BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Indiiiiis. I is .)c;ui ferrccl to. 078. iincl AiiH'iica talogue as iiv to tlie year 1716 tliat year inu'iit was ir alliani-o lie French s afriMi tlio tion of the St. .John and iicf to their Bi'gon. Tl'.e vantage, iiiid ves laii raise, [n'omised to e the means •h. A year note to the cintsoiiiik will building the lat the walls xt year. A 1200 Iiv res 1720 a third re desiied to by the aid of the autumn ■lents sent out liy tes in Ai'iulia were ts, r> excellent iuid I lUiuen blat.kut, of the same year, October 26, 1720, the Marquis de Vaudreil had the satisfaction of rejiorting : "The cljurohes of Niirantsouak and Medoctek arc finished; they are well built and will prove an inducement to attach the savages to those niifisions."* Reference is made to the erection of tlie church at Medoctec io the obituary letter received by the French missionaiies of the i^ociety of Jesus, on the occasion of the death of Father Loyard in 1731, in which there occurs the following passage : ' "After the example of the prophet he (Loyard) loved the beauty of the house of the Lord ; he omitted nothing for the beautifying of His altars and, although in the profound depths of the forest, he knew how to construct a beautiful church (hdle ('■(jl'me), properly adorned, and to furnish it abundantly with holy vessels and ornaments sufficiently rich." Here we have, in brief, the documentary evidence respecting the first church built upon the river St. John — very probably the first church built within the limits of this province. The church may have been dedicated to St, John Baptist, as the saint in wliose honor the river itself had been named by Champlain, Father Loyard is mentioned in the catalogue of 1727 as "Miss, St. J. Bapt.," the name, perhaps, referring to che church, b \t more probably to the river, t Among the royal gift to the Chapel was a bell, the same v?hich now liangs.in the Chapel at the French village above Fredericton. Its clear, sweet tones heard amongst the depths of the forest upon the banks of the river St, John, as they rang out the call to prayer, must have proved a novel sound in the savage ears 180 years ago. In 1722 Father l^oyard went to France to plead the cause of his mission. He boie letters of recommendation from the Marquis de Vaudreil, who says that he had been a long time the missionary of the St. John river. Vaudreil's correspondence shows that Loyard was intrusted with civic as well as with ecclesiastical functions within the limits of his mission. For example, the Acadians who removed to the liver St. John in 171S were informed that they would receive tracts of hind on application to Father Loyard, who had been empowered to grant * Tliese extracts are taken from the four volumes of documents relative to Nouvelle France publislu'd by the t^uobec (,''(ivernmcnt, and will be found under their respective dates. t Hisho)) St. Valier, in the account of his visit to the river in UlSfi uses the name St. .Tcan Uaptiste in dcscribinjf the Grand Falls : "The following day, IVth of May, we saw the place which is called the great fall of St. .John Baptist (le (jfrand Saull .Sa/df Jean liaptiiite)yi\\&i(i the river St John, falling over a very high rock, as a terrible cataract into an abyss makes u mist which hides the water from view, and makes a roar that warns from afar the navigators Uescendiug in their canoes." '^StSU : ;i' I 14 NEW DRINSWICK HISTOUICAL SOCIETY. them. All the French missionaries of Acadia were at this time exhorteci to use their inthionce in maintaining ii i'.rin alliance between the Indians and French, and to that end annual presents, supplied by the king of France, were sent to the priests in charge of the missions for distribution among their people. The appropriation for this purpose amounted to about 4,000 livres per annum, and the governor and intendant of New France were charged to exercise duo care that the presents were disposed of to the best advantage. That the Indians were shrewd enough to discern the motives of the Fiench court is evident from the statement of the Manjuis de Vaudreil that it would be necessary to continue the bestowal of presents annually, because the savages complained that they were provided for only wlien their services were wanted ; the French must continue their attention in time of peace if they expected their help against the English in time of war. After a short absence Father Loyard again returned to his mission, where he laboured until his death, which f7 /^ /M^ occurred on the night of tlie 24th or 25th June, ^/ 1731. The obituary letter* in which the other [Fa. siiiiii,. Ill iTiis). missionaries were informed of the decease of Father Loyard, contains a glowing eulogy of his life and character. He is described as a man of gr^at talents and rare virtues, esteemed and beloved by all classes, and iu his death universally lamented both by the French and the Indians. He had devoted nearly twenty-four years of his life to the conversion and improvement of tlie savages, and had filled all the re(iuirements of a perfect missionary. Called to Quebec for the benefit of his health, which had become seriously impaired, he had hardly recovered from the fatigue of the journey before he requested leave to return to his ancient mission of Medoctec, where his presence appeared necessary. It was in the faithful discharge of his duties among the sick that he contracted the disease, of which he died, in the midst of his flock, over which, as a good pastor, he had watched incessantly, with the satisfaction of seeing abundantly the fruit of his care and toil. The memoiy of so excellent a missionary would serve for a long time as a. benediction upon his people. His successor was Jean Pierre Danielou, whose presence at Medoctec has already been indicated h\ the occurrence of his name on, the memorial tablet. He seems to have been a scholarly man, and was • For much of the information respettin;; tho .Tesnit missionary Jean Baptiste Loyard, anil hiu suceessor, Jean Pierre Danielou, and also fm- the fac siniilie of tho autograph of the former, I am indebted to Rev. Father JoneH, of St. Mary's (Jolley:e, Montreal. The obituary '? tT written on the oecasior of Loyard's death will be fi.-und iii the appendix. NEW BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 1& e exhorted he Indians lie king of listribution [lounted to [it of New ire disposed enough to tatement of intinue the d that they the French lected their his mission, iath, which L- 25th June, ich the other J decease of acter. He is and beloved f the French s of his life filled all the ■ the benefit had hardly ited leave to ice appeared long the sick midst of his. itly, with the id toil. The ng time as a. presence at his name on man, and was- ste Loyard, ami liis f the "fornior, I ni" t^r written on the i employed for some years as a teacher in the college at Quebec. He entered the Society of the Jesuits in 1713, but did not make his solemn profession of the four vows till 1730. Ho took holy orders some time prior to 1726. Wo first hear of him on the river St. John in connection vith tiie census made by him in the year 1730, which shows that there were then but 22 Acadian families on the river, most of them settled at St. Anne's point. The proximity of this little French colony undoubt- edly enhanced the importance of the Indian encampment at Aukpaque, which now, for the first time, comes to be commonly spoken of by name in French and English documents. The presence of Father Danielou on the river St. John was not regarded with complacency by the Knylisli authorities, who charged him with encouraging in the Indians a sjiirit hostile to their interests. He died May 23, 1744. His successor Father Charles Germain, also of the Society of Jesus, was still less a persona grata to the English governor and his council at Halifax. For twenty years he was the authorized agent of the French, and in conjunc- tion with the Abbe le Loutre, he exerted himself in the endeavor ta keep the Indians in a state of active hostility to th;' English, even when the crowned heads of the two great nations, that so long had contended for the sovereignty of Acadia, were ostensibly at peace.* The Bishop of Quebec seems by no means to have approved of the conduct of Abbe le lioutre and Father Germain. To the former he wrote several letters of remonstrance, in one of which he says : " I reminded you a long time ago that a priest ought not to meddle with temporal affairs." The Maliseets at this time desired to remain (juiet, and the Frencii governor of Quebec, in April, 1752, complained "that it was very diificult to keep them from making peace with the English, though Father Germain was doing his best to keep them on the war path." Germain's efibrts were not fruitless, however, for war parties from the river St. John proceeded to Beausejonr and there participated in various forays, in which many harmless English settlers around the head of the Bay of Fur.dy were killed. The names of at least two of the chiefs who took pai't in the expeditions to this quarter have been preserved in old documents. One of these, " Pierre, chief of Medoctek," appends his signature to a receipt for supplies valued at 486 livres, consisting of cattle, bread, flour and other provisions furnished by the French of • There is ample documentary evidence to show tliat le I.oiitro iiiui ficrnmin wereactinir inuler the instigation of the Governor of Quebec. For example, on the itth Ootober, 17-Ji>, the (iitvernor wrote the French Minister : "It will l)e the niissiimiiries who will nmiiai^o all t!ic iicnotiiitinns and tlirect the niovements of the savatres, who arc in o.\cellcnt hiinds, as the Ke\crcnil Father (Jcrniain and Monsieur I'Abtje Ic Loutre are very capable of making the must of them and usinjf tlicni to the greatest advantage to our interests." 10 NKW UIU'NSWICK HISTORK'AIi HOOIKTV. i II I i I, ' ■(,■ !l' Minus, for the suliBiKtfncc of h MHliscct war party from the rivor St. Job.p. Snl>8(-(iueiit to tliin the Al»l>«'' le lioutn" nientioiis in one of his Ie.;tiMs tho |)i#'KPnc<' nt HcatiHcjour of " Toubick, fhiof of t\u\ Medooteck saviiiSfpH of tlio riv«r St. John." .Mthoi.'ijh from t\u> earliest known time the Maliseets had a favorite camping pla-^e at Medoct.«»c, their residence at that village was by no means conHtHnt. There were camping jihujes at the mouths of the Mediixnakic, Hecacjuimec, Tobique and other Htreams to whioh th^ tref|iieiitlv resorted. At the time of the terribhf peHtilettee, mentioned by John (Jyles, in 1094, they forsook Medoctec altogether. Thoy returned, however, a few years later, and the place would seem to have been again the chief village of the river when the chapel of Saint Jean Baptiste was built by Father Loyard. After the French had cBtiibliBhed themselves at St. Anne's point and nelow the Keswick, where there was also a small French settlement in early times, the village at Aukpaque ;ic<|nired greater prominence than before, and in 1745, if we may jndgti from Capt. Wm. Pote's journal,* it was aboiit on an equality with Medoctec. About that time, or perhaps a little later, a chapel was built at Aukpa(|ue. After the close of the old Blench war in 1763 Medoctec continued to dfcline until in the year 1767 Father Charles Francois Baillie enters in his register : "The last Indian at Medoctec having died, I caused the bell and other articles to be ttansported to Ekpahaugh."t Presumably the bell and other articles were removed from the chapel at Medoctec to that at Aukpaque and if so the chapel of St. Jean Baptiste appears to have been standing in 1767, and as it is described in the Loyard obituary letter as "a fine church" (viie belle rglise) and stated by the Manjuisde Vaudreil to have been "well built," itisju.st possible thutib may have l»een the identical church which Captain Munro mentions asatill standing at the time of his visit in 1783. The account of the late M. H. Perley of the ravaging of the St. John river in 1760 l)y a party of rangers that marched through from Quebec on snowshoes under Ca[tt Rogers does not appear to be sustained by any documentary evidence. It is improbable that Capt. Rogers was ever at Medoctec. There was a Rogers with Col. Monckton on the St. John in 1758, when he went up and mercilessly burned and destroyed everything he could lay hands on as far as a fe«v miles above Jemseg. In Maroh 1759 a company of rangers under Capt. McCurdy and Lieut. Moses Hazen went up the river and demolished the French settlements and • See ii|)|)t;nili.\. \ Tliiit U t(i Aukpiuiue. Tlie I'ev. Wm. O'Leary, P. I", at the French Villa^je above Fredericton, Hays that the bell still liaiiJ5'S in tho chapel at French Villivjfe. It haa upon it the French yteur de lU. NKW BRUNSWICK HI8T0UICAL SOCIETY. IT ,-t«r St. (> of ht» edooteck favorite iiH by no ».f tlte lioh they entioHH^l . Thoy 11 to have laint Jeftii stf.bUshed there was Aukpaque may jn<*g<' ality with I was built \ Medoctec 8 Francois aviiig died, pahaugh."t le chapel at in Baptiate ibed in the id stated by isible that it tionft as still the St. John rom Quebec ,ined by any was ever at > St. John in d everything In March Lieut. Moses ;lements and bove Frederioton, reiich/tfM*- de lis. I i baniiHl the chnpcl at St. Anne's. They connnitted acts of cruelty and wautoiiesB, of wiiicli (reiieral Amherst expret>sed his Hbhorreiice and said that the killing of women and hclph-ss children sullied the merit of the whole enterprise in his eyes. After the downfall of t^uebec Father (Jermain teinleied his submis sion to the ISritish authorities, but they evitleiitly mistrusted liiui, lor he waH soon afterwards removed to t^uebec, where he died in 1779. After his removal until the close of the revolutionary war the churches on the St. John were served at iiitctrvals by M. Baillie mid M. I^ourg, who were in turn appointed missionaries to the Indians. AV'lien tlie loyalists arrived, in 178.'1, an Jndiuii chapel was standing in a good state of prewervation in the vicinity of tlie old Meductic fort.* That this was the cliapel of St. John Baptist, built by Loyard in 1717, is rather douVit- ful. A building constructed of snch perishable materials, could hardly be expected to be standing and in good repair aft(!r the lapse of more than sixty years. It is very probable that the first Indian chapel stood at the spot where the tablet was discovered by Mr. A. K. Hay, and which is marked in the ]>lan. The illustration of this tablet which Mp|)ears as a frontispiece is taken from a i)hotograph kindly supplied liy Mr. Hay. The position of the old grave yard is shown in the plan of the Meductic Fort and its surroundings, which appears at pnge 6. The ground here has never been disturbed with the plough, the owners show- ing a proper regard for the spot as the resting place of the dead. Many hoh3s are found, however, that have been dug from time to time by relie huntei's and seekers of buried treasure, some of them since filled with stones carried from the beach. The relics brought to light here and on the site of the old camping ground below include such things as spear heads. Hint arrow heads, stone pipes, large stones hollowed out as if for grinding corn, stone corn-crushers, celts, French coins (cojiper). knives, hatchets, tliut-locks, beads. Hints, clay pipes (about half the siae- of the modern), silver lings and buttons. Probably many more such articles may some day be found beneath the roots of some good-sized trees that have grown up in several places. The whole grave-yard is so thickly overgrown with hawthorns as to be a perfect jungle, difficult even to penetrate. On the site of the old camping ground, just below the gi-ave yard, Mr. A. R. Hay has found the remains of wigwam fire places, sometimes in a very perfect state of preservation. There is usually a * The site nt this uhaiiel may, however, have been at the niuutli of the Meduximkic. See TOfereiive in ctinnectlon with Ca|)t. Munro's letter farther un. 18 NKW nui/NswirK histouical society. III! lill circle of Ktoncs al)out two fWt in diiuiictcr, discolorpid and broken hy the lieiit, (iiul Hcatt(M'»'il aiouiul tliciii cimlcrs, boneH, hrokon clay pipoH, iHtadH, «tc. It Ih not uidikely that many of thcsti rtMiiainB are of comparatively rec(Mit origin. There are indications of a double row of liutH, or wig- waniH, ont! about tifty fot from the bank of the river, and onother alwut tli(* Huuie (liHtancH in rear of the* tirst. A considerable portion of th« bank in front of the old fort has been waHhed away by the spring fre.sli(>tH. Some ycfarrf ago, when a part of the bank in front of the old grav(!-yard broke away, a number of Indian rolicH were brought to light, showing that a part of the old camping ground has disappeared. In tho oldest plana in the C'rown Lands OfKce, at Fredericton, the site of th« fort is called Meductic Point. The point was undoubtedly once a more piominent ftjature than it is now. Very probably when the Malisecis first planted their wigwams there the gravel beach, or sand bar, shown in the plan, was covered with soil and forest, and below it was a littlo y the tciH, \)v.adn, mratively H, or wig- \wr alM)ut on of ih«i he spring of th<) old t to light. In th« te of th« ice a more Maliaeets )ar, shown 'US a littlo le old fort sre extends island just Lion with a ver in the soldiers of at the foot 1 water fall ater is not •emarkable, St. John .♦ r maps and A from th»i the phrase- ling of the ^ociates the iver. This s the reader ; old Indian. ind cinders, iity, the site 18 almost in I a sketch of Uiis i8 knuwii by the 4 I touch with scenes there enacted ceiitiuieH asfo. ' lleni it was that the Sieur (le (Mi;,'niiucouit and others of the coiirenra dr. hoia luugaiiifd with the Ravages, giving them in exchange tor their furs and peltry an indif- ftfrent coinpensiition in Krencli goods, tiinkets, rum and luruuly. Here Viliehon hamngued liisdnHky ii'lies, and wampum ImIIh wcri' exchanged in token of eternal friendHhip between the Frendinum and the Maliseet ; here thc^ horrihle dog feast was celohrated and the liatchet brandished hy the-warriors on the eve of their (h^parture to tured at Pemaquid, west of Penob- scot, on the coast of Maine, in / the year l(i8S), and brought by his ' ^f ^y /2 1 ndian master to Medoctec, where fc/^'^ ■ ^^^£^^ he lived nearly six years a cap- ^ L^ tive. The war in which Gyles was taken captive is known in history as King William's war, after the English monarch in whoso reign it occuried. liater Indian wars are known as Queen Ainie's war, Lovewell or Dummer's war, and King George's war. Medoctec furnished its quota of warriors in all these wars, as appears from the writings of Charlevoix, A'^illebon and others. King William's war broke out in 1GS8 and lasted, with little intermission, for ten years. It was the most dreadful war recorded in Acadian annals. Every English settlement in Maine, save Wells, York, *Joliu Gyles lived at Roxbury, Muss., in liio latter davs. llo piiblisbiid, iit Hdslini, in IVIMi, bis narrative, above referred to, under tlio title, "Memoirs of tlie odd advei\tures, Htrantfe deliver- anceH, ete., in the caiitivity of Jobn (Jyles Kh(i,, comnuiiulur of the v:arrison on St (ieorjfe's Kiver." This book is now of threat rarity ; a copy is in Harvard College library. S. (i. Drake reprinted the narrative in his "Wilderness Trajfedies," published at Uostoii in 184(1, but made slijfbt alterations in the text tlirouKhout. Wni. DoiIkb, of Cincinnati, in 18(i(t, and .hunes Hannay, of St. John, N. IJ., in lH7f> reprinted Oyles' Narrative, but in both instances i>nike'8 diHordered text has been followed. The extracts insertwl in this paper have for the most part, been t:iken from the original edition in the Harvard College library, and I am indebted to Mr. M. Chamberlain for the same. W. O. R. i 20 liEW BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. ■ fc Kittery, and the Isle of .Shoals, was overrun and probably a thousand white people killed or taken prisoners. The following is John Gyles' account of his journey from Penobscot to Medoctec : — My Indian master carried mo up Penobscot River tf) ;i village called Madu- vamh'c, whicli stands on a point of land between the main river and a branch wliich leads to the east of it. At home I had ever seen strangers tc jated with the utmost civility, and, lieing a stranger, expected some kind treatment here ; l)Ut scon found myself deceived, for I presently saw a nunilicr of squaws got togetlier in a circli;, dancing and yelling. An old grimace squaw took me by the hand and leading me into the ring, some seized me by my hair and others by my feet, like so many fu:i 3 ; but, my master hvying down a pledge, they released me. A captive among the Indians is exposed to all manner of abuses and to the extremest tortures, unless their master or some of their master's relatives lay down a ransom, snch as a bag of corn, a blanket, or the like, which redeems them from their cruelty for that dance so that he sliall not be touched h\ any. The next day we went up that eastern branch of I'enobscot [Mattawamkeag] many leagues ; carried n\er land to a large {)ond [drand Lake] and from one pond to anothe'- [North Lake to Kel Lake], till, in a few days, we went down a river* which vents itself into St. John's river. But, before we came to the mouth of this river, we carried over a long carrying place to ilfdodock Fort, which stands on a bank of .St. .Iolui"s river. My Indian master went before and left me with an old Indian and three squaws. The old man often said (which was all the English he could spciik): " By and by con\e to a great town and fort." So that I comforted myself in thinking how finely I should !)e refreshed when I came to this great town. Alter some miles travel we came in sight of a large corn-field, and soon after of the fort, to my great surprise ; for two or three squaws met us, took off my pack and led me to a large hut or wigwam, where thirty or forty Indians were dancing and yelling round five or six poor captives, who had been taken some months before from QuorherlufV at the time Major Waldron was so barbariously butchei'ed l)y them. * * " * " * * I was whirled in among this ciicle of Indians, and we prisoners looked on eacli otlier with sorrowful countenance. Presently one of them was seized by each hand and foot by four Indians, who, swinging him up, let his back fall on the ground with full force till they danced, as they called it, round the whole wigwam, which was thirty or forty feet in length. But when tliey torture a boy they take iiiin up between two. This is one of the customs of torturing captives. Another is to take u-> a person by the middle, with his head downwards, and jolt him round until one would think his bowels would shake out of his mouth. Sometimes thej' will take a captive by the hair of the head and, stooping him forward, strike him * Mi'(h)cktock liiitr. (Fixit -lote in tlie ori^'inu! narrative]. t Nciw liDve", New Ilanipshire, on thu river (Jdclieio. The reader will find it of interest to coiiiiiaro the dom-ripUon re cruel in their treatment of captives then were the men. It] wiu*, perluips, for this reason that Indian fenmle eaptives were not always spared in time of war. ill ' =^ '^> NEW BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 21 obably a thousand ey from Penobscot village (.'ailed Madit- n river and a branch ost civility, and, lieing ound myself deceived, circle, dancing and d leading me into the L' so many f:;:!- s ; but, ;ive among the Indians tortures, unless their isom, snch as a bag of cruelty fur that dance^ ibscot [Mattawamkeag] ,kcl and from one pond we went down a river* came to the mouth of tock Fort, which stands ore and left me with an lich was all the English t." So that I comforted en I came to this great orn- field, and soon after Avs met us, took off my ;y or forty Indians were o had been taken some Iron was so barbariously « t * we prisoners looked on of them was seized by ), let his back fall on the onnd the whole wigwam, f torture a boy they take iring captives. Another kards, and jolt him round mouth. Sometimes they him forward, strike him (lei- will find it of interent to aliseetM to tlieir captives with c ta this piiiitr.) The Indian )tives then were the men. It iiiys spared hi time of war. on the back and shoulders till the blood gushes out of his mouth and nose. Some- times an old shrivelled scjuaw will take up a shovel of hot coals and throw them into a captive's bosom. If ho cry out the Indians will laugh and shout and say " i'hat a brave action our old g'-andmother has done." Sometimes they torture them with whips, Ac. The Indians looked on me with a fierce countenance, as much as to say it will be your turn next. They chamiicd cornstalks, which ihey threw into my hat as I held it in my hand. I smiled on tliem though my heart ached. I looked on one and another, but could not perceive that any eye pitied me. Prer.i-ntly came a 8(]uaw and a little girl and laid down a hag of corn in the ring. The little girl took me by the hand, making signs for me to come out of the circle with them. Not knowing their custom, I supposed they (]p,signed to kill i »e, and refused to go. Then a grave Indian came and gave me a pipe and said, in Kngli.sh, " Smoke it ;"' then he took me by the hand and led me out. My heart ached, thinking myself near my end. But he carried me to a French hut about a mile from the Indian fort. The Frenchman was not at home, but his wife, who was a P([uaw, had some discourse with my Indian friend, which I di'^ not understand. We tarried about two hours, then, returned to the Indian village, where they gave me some victuals. Not long after I saw one of my fellow-captives, who gave me a melancholj' account of their suffurings after I left them. After some weeks had passed we left the village and went up St. John j River about ten miles to a branch called J/(;r^ci'.srf'«?fr(«/.s, where there WivS one wigwam. At our arrival an old s(piaw saluted me with a yell, taking me b/ the hair and one hand, but I was so rude as to break her hold and quit myself — she gave nic a filthy grin, and the Indians set up a laugh — so it passed over. Here we lived on fish, wild grapes, roots, &c., which «!is hard living for me. The place where Gyles found one wigwam at the time of his visit in the autumn of 1G89, is now the site of WootLstock, a town of .some 4,000 inhabitants. There was an old camping ground* at the mouth of the Meduxnakic — or, as Gyles calls it, the Medockscenecasis river. On the islands and intervals at Woodstock the writer of this paper, when a boy, often gathered wild grapes, butternuts and cherries, which grew there in abundance, and many another boy has done the same, without a thought of John Gyles that first of white boys who, a lonely little exile, over whose head buo ten summers had passed, trod these intervals more than two hundred years ago. In order to afford a better idea of the habits and manner of life of the Indians at Medoctec at this period we shall follow the narrative of Gyles a little farther : — ♦ The site of this Indian campinfr proiuid at the time of Gylos' visit was no douht either on the flat jUHt lielow the mouth of the Jlediixnakie or possibly on the head of tlie island just op]Kisite. It is apparent to the most causnal observer that the channel lietween this island and the mainland has been formed by the action of the water durint; sprin>r freshets. An old Indian, who died at Woodstock a few years a^jo, at the aye of nearly one lunidred years, commonly known as Doctor Toniar, a (,'rand.son of the old chieftain, Pierre Toniah (wli i fii;urcil in the French war and also in the Revolutionary war), used to say his father could remember ivhen the Island joined the mainland. When the St. John river is low the .Meduxnakic still follows its old channel around the head of the island. The fishuiijr at the mouth of the stream, before the erection of saw mills, was excellent. ::• 52 NEW BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. When the winter came on we went up the river, till the ice came down run- ning thick in the river, when, according to the Indian custom, we laid up our canoea till spring. Tlien we travelled, sometimes on the ice and sometimes on land, till we came to a river that was open, but not fordable, wliere we made a raft and passed over bag and baggage. I met with no abuse from them in this winter's hunting, though I was put to great hardships in carrying burdens and for want of food. But they underwent the same difficulty, and would often encourage me by saying, in broken English, "By and by great deal moose." Yet they could not answer any (question I asked them ; anturn to the fort at the hands of a party of Cape Sable Indians, who, having lost some friends, killed by a number of English fishermen, came son)e hundreds of miles to revenge themselves upon such unfortunate Englisli captives as they might find at Medoctec. On his arrival they rushed upon Gyles, as he says, like bears bereaved of their whelps, saying "Shall we, who have lost relations by the English, suffer an English ice to be heard among us 1 " He and another white prisoner, James Alexander, were treated in the most brutal fashion ; their tortures being such as caused " tears to run down plentifully on the cheeks of a Frenchman, who sat behind." Finally the luckless captives were thrown out of the wigwam by the Indians, and in such a bruised and battered condition that they crawled away on their hands and feet, and were scarcely able to walk for several days. Gyles' experience was mild corn- pared to that of his brother, taken at Pemaquid at the same time as himself, who, with another captive, was horribly tortured and then burned at the stake at Penobscot fort for attempting to desert. The Indians, although cruel to their enemies, were not without a certain sense of justice, as apjiears from the following incident related by Gyles, which occurred after he had been several years a captive : While at the Indian village I had been cutting wood and landing it up with aa Indian rope in order to carry it to the wigwam. A stout illnatured young fellow, aliout twenty years of age, threw nie backward, set on my breast, pulled out hia knife, and said he would kill me, for he hail never yet killed one of the English. I told him he might go to war, and that would be more manly than to kill a poor captive, who was doing their drudgery for them. Notwithstanding all I could say he began to cut anil stab me on my breast. I seized him by tlie hair and, tumbling him off of me, followed him with my tists and knee with such application that he soon cried "enough." But when I saw the blood run from my bosom and felt the smart of the wounds he had given me, I at him again, and bid him get up, and not lie there like a dog ; told him of his former abuses offered to me and other poor captives, and that if ever he offered the like to me again I would pav him double. mmm 24 NEW BRUNSWICK IIISTOUICAL SOCIETY. I sent liim before me, and, taking up my burden of wood, came to the Indians, and told them the whole truth, ami they commended me. And I do not lemember thi de Imin at this (lerioil. The MarquiK de Uunonvillo, j^overnoi- of Canada, in a letter tn tlie Frencli minister, dated at (Quebec, Nov, 10, lOMi, mentions the return of tlio Bishop of {^uebef from liis At-adlan tour and lulds :— " II vous rendra conipte de la itrande i|Uantito de desordres iiui se font dans le hois par les iiialheurt'ux libertins i|ai sont comnie des hauvages depuis lonytemps, sans avoir riun faiet du tout ponr Ic eidture des terrcs. " The brothers d'Amour were charged by A'illebon with hein^ "wholly spoiled by i)r()lon{(ed law- lessness and the manners they had acquired anioni; tlie Indians." Klscwhere lie says: "They od." However, as Mr. Ilannay !)l)serves, Acadia was so full of cabals that even these ixisitivo stateineiits of \illehoii must he tiikeii with allownnce. Three of the brothers, Bernard, JIatliieu and Louis, had not only goods and cattle, hut wives also, as is ''■. ' "^y Mie ce.isus of UiS6, and by the narrative of .Johli Gyles. We have also the statement « • lant, M. Champigny, in l(il)r>, that ; "The sons of the'Sienr d'Amour, ♦ 'ouiieillor at t^ui')! " i » 'tiled on the river St. .John apply themselves chiefly to the cultiva- tion of their laii '. 'ait-ng of cattle. It is very unfortunate, my lord, that anyone should have informed y^ii; , li ' ■ !i\'jalife of Lawlessness with the savages, since I have reliable testi- mony that their eoii.iiu. ,s \'o. , good." t This name is fnui.d .1'. mi>ny of the old plans in the Crown Land oflfice at Fredericton. It is probable, as suggested b> the latu ill . i-^dward Jack, that Cleoncore is a corruption of Clignancourt. An curly census gives Ekop.ag (Aukpii'|iie) as Kcne d'Amour's residence ; the island Cleoncore iH in the immediate vicinity of Aukpaqu'.'. } There are S(mie valuable manuscrii'ts, including a jiortion of Villebon's .Journal, in the- Hostoii Public Library. The period to which they relate is the close of the 17th century, and Uiere is frequent niei)tion of Medoctec and other places on the St. John river. NEW BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIETY, 2r writers Parkiiian, Murdoc'ii, Hannay, Justin Wiiisor and others have dealt more or If -3 fully both with King William's luul later Indian wars. A study of the records that have heen preserved will suffice to show that the Maliseets of Modoctec took their full share in the lighting. While Villebon was governor of Acadia ho conducted afl'airs with marked ability, but seems to have done little to mitigate the barbarity of his savage allies. In his journal he records the capture of " an English savago" on the lower St. John, and adds: " I gave him to our savages to be burned, which they did the next day. One could add nothing to the torments which they made him suffer." A candid study of the history of the period will show, however, that whilst the Indians were guilty of acts of barbarity and treachery, the English themselves were not free from blame in this respect, and more than once the savages had reason to complain of acts of treachery and barbarity on the part of their more civilized enemy. Bounties were, on several occasions, offered for Indian scalps by the authorities of Massachusetts and Nova Scotia. Dummer's treaty,* made at Boston in 1726, afforded a breathing spell to the tribes of Acadia. Three chiefs and about twenty-six warriors from Medoctec went to Annapolis Royal, in May 1728, to ratify this treaty and make their submission to the British government. Governor Armstrong made them presents, entertained them several days and sent them away apparently well satisfied. After a short interval hostilities recommenced, but in 1749 a deputation of Indians from the St. John river, including the chief of Medoctec, went to Halifax and renewed the treaty. Before long another rupture ensued, which lasted until the taking of Quebec by Gen. Wolfe in 1759. The year after this great event several of the Indian chiefs went to Halifax once more to renew the treaty of 1726, and at their conference with the Governor in Council a tariff of prices was settled which the Indians were to be allowed for furs and skins and to pay for supplies. The unit of value was one pound of the fur of the spring beaver, commonly known as "one beaver," equivalent in value to five shillings. The following articles were to be sold to the Indians at the following prices: — Large blanket, 2 "beavers;" 2 yards stroud, 3 ditto; Hlljs pork, 1 ditto; 30tt)s flour, 1 ditto; 2h gallons molasses, 1 ditto; 2 gallons of rum, 1 ditto, and other articles in proportion. Furs and skins were valued by the same standard. Otter skin e(iual to 1 " beaver ;" 3 sable or martin skins, 1 " beaver ;" fisher skin, 1 do.; 6 mink skins, 1 do.; * So called after its oliief pmniotcr, Lieut. Gov. Willinm Dummer, of Massachusetts. A fac Hiniile of this treaty is contained in the volume of N()^•a Scotia Archives, edited by Thos. B. Akins and published at Halifa.\ in ISO!). f \ •28 NEW BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. bear skin (larfi;e and in good season), 1 Jj do.; v<'d fox, I do.; black fox, 2 do.; silver fox, 2A do.; 10 nius(|Uiish skins, 1 do.; larj^e moose skin, H do ; large luciffec!, 2 do.; .^Ibs deer skin, 1 do.; 10 ermine skins, 1 do., CHis feathers, 1 do. Compared with modern prices the values attached to some of the furs in this table seem ludicrously small. Imagine, for example, any furrier securing, to-day, a silver fox skin for two and a half " beavers," or $2.50. About the year 1764 Messrs. Simonds and White established a truck house at or near the site of the City of l^Vedericton, where they carried on a trade with the Indians up the river iSt. John, probably on the basis of the prices agreed to at Halifax in 17(»0. James White seems to have been the principal agent in dealing with the Indians, who called him IVabeet, or "Beaver." He gained a large measure of their contidence and his influence with them was of material service; to the English during the revolutionary war. At tliat time the Maliseets wore inclined to side with the Americans, whose emissaries a])pear to have been most active in the tield. The influence of the Acadians, too, helped to render the savages hostile to Great Biitain. When Col. Jonathan Eddy, the American partizan, ]iroceeded to attack Fort Cumberland, in 1776, he was accom))anied by .some of the Medoctec Indians. In the course of the following summer a party from Machias invaded the river St. John, led by Col. John Allen, whose art enabled him to gain such influence over the simjde minded natives that, on being driven off the river by a British force, most of tlie savages accom))anied him in his flight to Machias. The chiefs of the river, Pierre Tomah and Andiroise St. Aubin, held diver.se sentiments ; the former, although vacillating, seems in general to liave inclined to the English, whilst the latter was an out and out sympathizer with the Americans. On the approach of the British troops Allan, accompanied by many of the Indians, fled up the river to Medoctec. Here he found himself in a sorry plight, and wrote to the governmeiit of Massachusetts : " I am at present destitute of everything. T am forced to i)ut up with the fare the Indians can i)rovide. * * * j must implore .some help for the Indians ; I am still suspicious if I leave them they will turn." As the British continued their pursuit Allan was obliged to leave Medoctec and proceed to Machias by the inland waters, a route which The following entry in the savages were well accustomed to travel. Allan's Journal is of interest in this connection:- \ Sunday, thily 1.'), [1777] — At a stream"'' of St. John's river ; removed across the carrying place from Meductick toward the head of I'.issamaquodily rivert about • Eel River, t Tlie River St. Cioix. \ NKW JIIM.'N.SWK'K 11 ISTOlilt AI, ,«(irii:TV. •_'!» five mill's. It i» iiu reefore the peace, liowever, n)any of th(,'ni had returned to the river .St. John. Michael Francklin, who jnoved liimself a very etlicient Superintendent of Indian atlairs, on the lil'nd Xovendjer, 1781, wrote to Lord Gerniaine, the English Secretary of State, an account of a very satisfactory interview with 383 Indians who had gathered to meet him at Burton on the river St. John. He says that the Indians were eager to go to the defence of the Oromocto block housef on the occasion of a recent alarm, they were gratel'ul for the appointment of Father Hourg to be their [triest, and had resolved to again ])lant corn on the liver. At the time of his writing they had quietly dispersed for their winter's hunting. From this to the close of the ]levolutionary ^^'ar the Indians were peaceable. They were influenced, no doubt, by a visit paid them by deputies sent from the llurons, Algomjuins and other Canadian Indians requiring thc^ni to withdraw from the ^Vmericans and remain quiet as the Indians of Canada had declared war against the Americans, and would treat all Indians found with them as enemies. At the close of the Revolutionary War the jopnlation of the St. John river valley, liither- to but a few hundreds of people, was augmented by the arri\Ml of the loyalist regiments from New York and by large nund;ers of other loyal refugees. Upwards of 10,000 people settled upon the river St. John and the crown reserves were laid out for their accommodation as far north as Woodstock. The Indians, alarmed and distressed at the unexpected airival of such a number of white settlers were compelled to abandon their old hunting •^rounds and look for situations more remote. Naturally thev felt nnich * Kiilder's l!evciliiticiiiiir\ oiuMiitiiins in Kiisterii Mniiii', iiiul Ndvii Scotiii, |>. 117. t Tliere wiis a sniiill narri^dii ^tilti(lll(.■ll at tliis \H:>.t >iii('ur cdiiiiiiaiKl nf l.ieul. C'niistaiit Coi.nur if llu' liiiyal KtMU'ililc Americans. Tliu l>liii;k Imusi.' was calli'il K'lrt Huu'lies. 17 30 NKW BHUNSWK'K IIISToKirAL SOCIKTY. I»ittprne88 at being driver, from localities to which they were ftttnched, and as their old hunting grounds were cleared and cultivated l»y the whites, their game ])egun to fail and tliey were reduced to distress. A general idea of the state of the St. .John rivei' legion at the time of the coming of the loyalists may be gathered from the very interesting report made in the autumn of the year 178:{ l»y Cajit. John Munro* of his recent exjiloration of the river. In this report he gives the nanio and feituation of the i)rincipal tributaries. Kel river is called, not by its old French name ^ledoctec, but by the Indian name Af(ulo/i; or as Munro writes it Meduankato. lie applies the name " Medoctick lliver " to Hay's creek, just below the mouth of which stood the old fort and Indian village. He .says : " Tliis stream lias excellent Falls and fine Timber for boards, liere is a fine piece of Interval in wliicli two or tliree Indian families live ; abo\it tin; centre of tliis Intci-val are the leniains of an oM Uriast work, sutHcicntto contain 'iOO men, tiie next river on tlio west s^ide [of tiic St. )oiin| is Madoilionquick,! here tiie Indiana lived formerly, their church is still standing and kept in good rei)air. On both .sides this river is good land, and some nf the Ishinds opposite ai'e very good. * ^' When 1 came thioiigh in October the most part of the Indians were moving off to the eastwaiil for fear of the nnmber of i)rovinciaI troops and settlers coming ii|)on the Kiver." If Cajitain Munro in the foregoing extract means to say that there was, at the time of his visit, an Indian cha))el at the mouth of the IMeduxnakic his statement is puzzling, as it has always been supj)Osed the Indian chapel was at the 31cductic village. There is no tradition, so far as the writer of this paper (himself a native of Woodstock) is aware, of the existence of an Indian chapel at the mouth of the Meduxnakic when the first settlers arrived there. Possibly a careful study of the original manuscript in the British Museum may throw .some light upon the subject. Capt. iNlunro's style is involved, and as printed in the Canadian Archives is sometimes dilHcult to follow. His report also contains some inaccuracies. Wluither, therefore, we are to conclude that the original Chapel of St. Jean 13a])tiste, or its successor, was stand- ing at the Medoctec Village and in good repair in 1783, or that in more recent years an Indian village overshadowing Medoctec had grown up at the mouth of the Meduxnakic and a chapel had been there erected, is a problem that is not absolutely to be determined at the moment of writing. •Captain .loliii .Muiiin r-Livud in Sir .Joljii J.pIiii^hii's Hmv il Xtw York luifiniont in tlio levnln- tiduuiv war. The repdrt of liis fxplmatitin oi tliu !Sl. .U>h\t river, etc., is jirintetl in tlie t'anailiaii Ardiives for 181I1. + Tlie stream un wliieli lias been bniit tlie town nf Wnniistduli. NKW ItlirNSWICK IIISTOIIM'AI. SOCtF.TV. 3t Ca[>t)iiM Miiiiros lulinirntioii of tlir lulls ih-hi' tlm Mtcluctic f'oit clearly prococdctl fVom a tliorou^lily utilitiuiim stiuulpoiiit. Tlic prac- tical result of it. was that when in llaliliix lie jd-ncunMl (tlin)n<;li tin- influence of liis piition (ieneial lluiiliinnntl, no doiiUt) a ^^laiit of 1,000 neres "at tlui tuoutli of llie liver or creek Mmluctick." The giaiit was issued Septeinl)(!r (i, 17S1 ; it had a frontage of a little over one mile along the St. John river and a depth of nearly six niileH. It included in its bounds the ^lednctic fort and Indian camping ground, also Mcdiu- tic Island and anothe>- Island above; it, Imt its chief charm in Munro's eyes was the exc<'llent falls for a mill. Strange to say no attention is paid to this grant in the one mad fact that the Crown land otKce at Halifax was overwhelmed with work conse<|uent upon the settlement of such a multitude of loyalists as had lately arrived in the country from the old colonies. The authorities must hav(^ failed to notice that the grant to DeLancey's brigade included that to Capt. .iolni Munro, and they were perhaps C(|ually unaware that either trespassed npon what manifestly should have been reserved for the Indians until some other jtiovision had been made for them. The two grants are duly recorded at Fredcricton, but none of the grantees at Medoctec appear to have made any attempt to take po.ssession of their land. They doubt- less acted ])rudently as the Indians would have resented any encroach- ment upon what they considered their inalienable rights. Somewhere about the year 1800, commissioneis were sent by govern- ment to arrange for the location of white; settlers at Medoctec. Speaking of their visit the late John Bedell, Es(|., in a lecture that he delivered before the Woodstock Mechanics' Institute said : — They were poled i\\) the river by two men from Fi'ederictou. Approacliin;; the MeiUictic at night fall, they lieeame alarmed at tlie huge tires hurning near the fort and the unearthly yelling of the semi-nude Indians dancing around tliem. Passing quietly by on the oppo-site side of the river tliey proceeded to the house of my father, J. Bedell, Kscj. , a few miles farther on, where they were entertained for 3'2 NKW HIirNRWlCK MtSTOIlirAI- SOCIKTY. tlio iii^lit. On till' lollowiiig (lay I wuh ]W'i'tnitttMl to iiuciiii> loilic fori. Anivi'il lit tlitM'iitniiK'c tlK'i-oininiHHidiittrH ininli^ knuwii till) (ilijoi t lit tliiir \iMit. I'rcMfiitly n number nl' HtalvMirt hum pn'M-iittd IIumii- HolvuH (IresBud in gnr^'ciiiiH attire. AfU'.r MiilntatiimH, tin* uoniiniMHioiiurt aHkoil, " lly wluvl riglit oi titlt'iln yim hold tiu'Kc lamls?" A tall, pDwurliil I'iiicf Hty the oiiic of Saint- U.isile. Some of the Indians, however, had returned to tluMr old encaniji- mont at Medoetec as early as 17H7, for when Frederick Dihhlee was sent in the autumn of this year by the commissioners of the New Enj^land Company t to open an Indian school he found i|uite a little colony tlu^re. The circumstimces tliat led to the estalilishment of the Indian .school at ^^'oo(lslock (;an only he vei'\ briefly stated. The New England Company decided, in the year 1785 • — That the part of Aiiifrica wliii^Ii i.s next tidjarcnt to tlio .Slassacliusctts State and is a part of amifut New Kiiglainl in the King's Colony of New Hriinswick : Ri'solvt'il f/ifrr/on', that the (Joiiiniissioners we may Iioreafter employ, he iippointfil out of tlio inliiiliitiints of that eohmy, who .iro tin.' Kiiig'.s loy.il suh'n'o i anil living in the King's ilnniinion, and who are many of tiiem gentlemen of kno .vii integrity and fidelity, and everyway (pialitied to execute the trusts of our ehiu-ter. ♦ Tiihi(|ui' thu iiiiiilern foriii of the iiiuiio of llim ri\cf i-i su','u'cstivo of Krum-li nriifiii, but tlm uonl was nuver so wrilti-ii until ver.v rureiitly. 'I'lir .Vliliu If liontic in 17.VI writes tlio iiaiuo "Toii- liick," Vx\. liitil. For a century oi' more the society labored to educate anil christianize the liidiausof New Knulaiul, but with no very ureat sncceas, and for some \ears before the American lievoliitiou the Slims supplied by the company in N'ew Eii;;land were appropriatcil to yuneral |mrposes by the over- seers and e iip.iration of Harvard Collejje at l'ambriil;rc. The chief promoter of the society or company was the Moti. Robert liir.le, of Kiiijland, who, at his decease, left a larife beipiust to ius funds. NKW lllll NHWK K MlsTdllK Al, SOCIKTV, ;k; In accordnnco v idi diis resolution tlic cnmimny appointnl m its Hj^ontH nr conimiH.sioinis in New Uiiinswiiik, His Kxctllency Tlionias (.'Uiltfton, liciiicnunt fjovciiior; the Imnomlilc (icm-^'c I)unnin Ludlosv, fliidf justico ; the lionoialile Isuiic Allfii, judm'ti of tlic sii|ti«!nin conrt ; iloiialliiui Oticll, pioviiicial Hccretary ; .loimtimn hliss, VIh^., Willium riiint', «lo(;lor of pliysick ; mid .lolin Coflin, Ksj. Tlu'sc connuissionirs \\vn>. cnipowcrcd to ciijLfiij,'!' and jiay suitalilc tvaclicrH "for civiiizinj{, tcHi'hii'j^ mid iiistructiii},' tlic lu'ullicn natives mid tlieir eliijdren, not only in the principloH of the .l'iii<,dish tonjune, and in other iilieiul aits and BcienccH, hiit for the t'diu-ating and jilacing them and their ohildiou in sonio trade, niistery or hiwful ealliiij,'." In tho year I7SS, or thereabout, seliools were estaMished hy JanicH Fras(!r at Miramiehi, hy (>liv(!r Arnohl at Snssc^x, liy (JervaH Say at {Shelliehl, and hy Ficch-iick Dihhh'e at Meduetie. After the exjiiratioii of six years it was (h'eided to centralize tlie operation of tiie New I'ln^- land Conii»any at Sussex, where an Indian Colle;,'e was huilt and the schools at the otiier places closed*. About the year lS3u the New Knyland Company discontinued its ojieiations in tliis province, haviii;r expended in th(! half eentmy somethinf; like Sir)O,O00, of whicii siiui probably one ((uarter was disbursed in salaries to otlicials who had little part in the work of instruction. While, as a wlK)le, tlii! results attaintil by the company were disappointing, and the general administration of its alt'airs marked by extravagance, it is certain that the work accomplish by Frederick Dibbleef at Meductic was attended witli very consideral udvantage, though not peihaps in exactly the wny contemplated l)y th't founders of the society. As Col. Edward Winsluw remarks in a letter written by him in 180 I : — "Tlio lejiiicy wliicli iiiid been formerly left by Mf. Itnylc, I'm ilie cliristijiii puriKtso of civiH/.ing tlie alioiigiiies, ou la'iiig a|i|>liL'ii in tliis cuiiiitry, was (;< n- sitleied by the Indians- wliodiil not coiiiiireluMul the nicnning of it as a strong proof of natioiiiil iirotectiou iuul kiiubifss, luid it liad uiKloubtetlly a ti'iulency l(j rec\alist and at the levnlulinn the 'seleet men " i>f Stainfnrd ordered liini and his family tn depart that town fcirthwith and ne\er return, lie «iinu) tn St. .liilin in May, IVs"', niil, altera lew >ears resideiue at Kinf^stun, niuieil to WoodstcieU where he spent the rest of his life. ed .le 31 NEW BIUJNSWIC'K IIISTOIUCAL SOCIKTY. of the Necessaries Received by Order of the Honorable Board of Com- missioners for the Native Indians settled at ]VIa.luctic at Different Times from the 24th June, 1788 till the ISth Nov., 1789."* In this old document we have the names of the heads of families with the iiumbex of women and children in each, showing that there were then at Mediic- tic 98 men, 74 women and 165 children, 337 in all, and as the whit«> settlers at Woodstock only numbered about 20 families the Indians might have rendered their situation very uncomfortable had they been so disposed. Mr. Dibblee, during the years he wis employed as mission- ary-teacher to the Indians, succeeded in gaining their confidence by his personal kindness and efforts to promote their v/elfare, combined with a judicious distiibution of the "necessaries" furnished by the New Eng- land Company. The old account just mentioned shows that he distri- buted within a ])eriod of less than seventeen months the following articles, namely, 146 bushels corn, Hh do. beans, 23^ do, potatoes, 592 lbs. pork, 82 quarts salt, 322 lbs. ])owder, 790 lbs. lead, 365 flints, 152 blankets, 124 yards linen, 175 do. blue stroud, 12 beaver hats, 12 bocks. x\.n inspection of these items will show that the sum expended for purely educational pur]>oses was not extravagant I However, the s.upply of provisions, etc., served to secure the confidence and good will of th« Indians and paved the way for the establishment of a school. A school house was built soon after as is shown by the following memorandum sent to the Board of commissioners by Mr. Dibblee. All Account of Expences in Building the School House, etc.: i7XM. £ s ,1 (Sept"!- loth : Cash jiaid for Diging & Loging Seller and get- ing Logs 4 r> For raising and covering House, . . G T) For ,S,(Mt(i Shingles, 30s, is f4. 10, for 5(Ml T)o (i- 'JOs, ,") For !) Sashes, (a, 5s, 4'2.5, & for 2 Do ^v Is 8d, 2 S 4 For -ioOO feet of Boards (w ({Os, 18 10 e 8 .1 31 S 4 1780. f 8 d June 13tli : Paid carpenters, 8 Paid mason & attending mason, 2 9 Vt Paid car]>enters, 3 1.") 125 wt. Nails (a 8d, is £4 .3s 4d, 9 H hinges, 20s ."i 3 4 — 19 7 Ii» Carried fortoard, .t'')0 1(} 2 * See ii|ipendix where this diieument is printetl in full. NKW IJUUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIKTY. 35 ,f s ,1 liroii'jld /onnird, 50 Ki l' l).|i Doz. Window (ilass, at 5d is t'2 7s (id, 1 King lock, 7s, 2 14 (i 3 Thuml) latches, (n IsM is 3s !l(l ; h)\h Nails })d, is 7s (id, 1 1 1 1 :i 54 1 1] l()lt)s Putty ((!■ !)d is 7s (id, Ion>s Nails (a !)<1 is ] Is 3d. . , . 11 it 17i)0. Sept'r 2:id : Paid carpenter, 1 (i 1 1 (i Errors excejjted. f7l 5 2 Woodstock 27 th Jan'y, 1791. A further sum of £1G was spent in finishing the school liouse, the cost of which was equivalent to about $'650 in all. The circumstances under whicli the school was commenced are detailed hy Mr. Dihblee in the following interesting letter to Col. Isaac Allen : .1 4 ID •> Woodstock, 4tli Jan., 1790. SiK, — I have received a Letter from tlie Secretary of the Hon. Board of Com- missioners, dated the 7th of Nov'r, '89, inclosing an K.xtract of their Proceedings the 14th of Octob'r, which I did not receive till 20 December, and will attend the Board as therein Directed with my accounts. I ha\e succeeded in opening a School with the Indians, and have now Twenty Two Schollars. Eighteen of them have been to School from the "iOth of Xov'r. I'here are Eight Families (the Heads of three of them are Widows), whohavc made their Wigwams close by me on tlie School Lot. My Schollars consist of Kive Married Lidians, Two married Scjuas, Five young Squas it Two Boys. They recjuire ('loathing & I'l'cvitions, which 1 have complyed with. They receive for Five Persons one Bushel of < 'oni & one Piece of Pork pr week, and there are forty-seven Individuals. They often v/ajit Btin ! .vnd Potatoes it then they are deducted out of the Corn ; half a bushel of Be.iis & Two of Potatoes ea(jual to one of Corn, which i.s the Difference when they I'urchis them. They have received '2h yards of Blue ('loath for Ciat.-i •<' Stockings, .t -JJ, Do. Linnen for Shirts, & Thread each; Hats & Books wh.it I hai' rec'd. Tl ey are Constant iti their Attendance and exceeding quick in receivin,; Instructioi, five of them in Particular are amazingly so, having made great Imyiovement both in Spelling and Writing. They are continually making application to be received it tliere ai-e now Thirteen who are making their Wigwams with the Lien, of Itecoming SchcllaiE it receiving Provitions & Cloathing. I believe there is no Doubt but there will be a Constant School, for their Prejudices are removed and they appear to be ambitious of Learning, and the whole of them will become Schollars if the}- can recti le Provitions it Cloathiug. I am at a Loss how to act, for I have just rec'd Intel- ligence that there arc Six Families comingdowu the River who eX) oct to be *;ieateur approbation. I should have wrote Sooner but the Dilhculty of Travelling pre- vented conveyance. I am Sir with all Respect, Your most obedient Humble Servant, Hoy. C'JL. Ar.LKN. Fkeu'k Dibblee. During the first three years he was employed as the agent of the Nt.'w England Company, Frederick Dibblee expended upwards of $2,000 for the benefit of the Indians at Meductic, of wliich b}' far the larger portion was for provisions and supplies. After the school was fairly established the indiscriminate distribution of provisions ceased, and only such fami- lies as furnished scholars were entitled to the bounty of the New Eng- land Company. Among 3Ir. Dibblee's papers is one indorsed, "An account of Necessaries and Cloathing Delivered to the Indians at School t!fc their Families from the 17th November, 1789, to the 1st February, 1790."' The Indians referred to wore eleven families, comj)rising 73 indi- viduals, of whom .■^5 vere his scholars, and the cost of " victualling and clothing" for the three months was about $450. Little wonder was it that the school sj)eedily became a popular institution. Doubtless some cf tlie Indians felt an interest in their studies, and Mr, Dibblee states that they made good progress, V)ut their interest was not long sustained and it did not .suffice to overcome that natural indolence of disposition which has always been the bane of the aborigines of this continent. At the solicitation of the white settlers of Woodstock, Frederick Dibblee entered the ministry of the Church of England, and was ordained at Halifax by the Right Rev. Charles Inglis, first Bishop of Nova Scotia, on the L*3rd October, 179L'" He continued to instruct the young * I'luviiius til this tlie Sciciutv for the in-opaj^alidii nf the (Jospul hiul it in coiiteinpliitidii U< |iii>\i(le the inhiiliitaiits with ii resident niini^iter as appears fmni their annual report iif ITSil whieh stales "The IMovinee nf New Lrunswiik is daily imreasiiii;-, am! there are several jilaees where Ministers may sunn he wanted, ubimt I'ediendiae, SusKex Vale, Oronioeln, and Moduetue, where the iidiahitants he'nn tii he numemus. NEW BRUNSWICK HISTOUK^AL SOCIKTY. 37 Indians, however, for some time longer.* After his ordination he was taken on the loll of missionaries of the society for the propagation of the Oospel and received an annual grant of £50 sterling as " missionary at Woodstock, Northampton, Prince William and (^ueensboro' Towns, and Superintendent of the Indian school at Woodstock." In the year 1792, Bishop Inglis in his report to tlie S. P. G., makes the following statement concerning the Indians in Mr. Dibblee's neighborhood : — That they are numerous and that 150 families reside near him, and about 10(> families more occasionally visit those parts. That most of them have been instructed by I'ojjish missionaries, but their prejudices wear off; many of them regularly attend our services and behave decently, and .Mr. Dibblee thinks that as he is now in Priest's orders, they will bring their children to be baptized ami put themselves nnder liis care, for hitherto they had only considered him as Half a Priest. ;Mr. Dibblee is much beloved by the Indians and respected by the Whites, and has made some progress in the Indian language so as to be able to converse on com- mon subjects, and is pursuing the study of it. As he has been already very dilig- ent in his profession, and may be very useful in those jjarts the Society have furnished him with a quantity of Indian Prayer-books by the late excellent (.'ol. Claus, and have granted him a gratuity of £20 pounds for his services with ;ii) intention, as soon as the prelimenaries for a MissiUy Bisket, Joseph Murray, Joe Murray and Joe ]Murray-sis. A queer intermixture of nationalities api)ears in such names as Pierre Peter, Francois Peter, John Tobec, Sabatis Tobec, Michel Meductick, Nuel Priest, Joseph Lurgorstai. By comparing the list of names given in the appendix with the list in Kidder's Revolutionary operations in Eastern Maine and Nova Scotia, p. 284, it will be noticed that some of the Indians living at Woodstock, in 1788, were with Col. John Allan at Machias in 1780. In some cases there is a considerable difference in the spelling of the same name ; for example the Indian known to Col. Allan as Tomma Esquatapan, is manifestly the same called Vjy Mr, Dibblee, Thomas Quodpan, The Governor Tomah, of Mr. Dibblee's papers, was ])robably a son of the renowned old chieftain Pierre Tomah, who died and was buried at Saint Andrews prior to the year 1784. Asa rule the Indian families were small, not averaging more than three children. One Indian at Meductic had a family of nine, but the instances in which there were more than five children were exceedingly few. Modern Indian families are rather larger, a fact due in all proba- bility to an adniixttjre of French blood. Although the labors of Frederick Dibblee were not successful as regards making permanent converts of the Indians of Meductic, yet his services in promoting their welfare and establishing kindly relations between them and the English settlers at a critical period, f.hould never be i>assed over in any faithful account of the settlement of the upper St. John region. Ni:W BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 39 As years passed on the condition of the oKl historic village of Medoc- tec failed to improve. The white man's "fire water" accomplished its dead- ly work, and the native virtues of the 1 ndian were supplanted by demoral- izing vices gleaned from civilization. The late Moses H. Perley in his first report as Indian Commissioner, dated August 12, 1841, says, that having visited Meductic Point in the month of July he found only 29 souls encamped there. His report continues : — The point occupied by the Indians is beautifully situated, but HluunefuUy neglected and almost a public (■ommon. It was stated to me that they had at first 113 rods front on the river, and that tlieir laud ran back tluee miles continu- ing the same breadth ; that they had a writing stating the boundaries signed by ■Governor (Jarleton, which some years ago was left at the Crown Land Office, and they have not seen it since ; that latterly one Peter Watson has taken possession of a considerable portion of their land by virtue of a grant or license, as he alleges, and they have now scarcely a half of the lot assigned them by (iovernor Carleton, tile boundaries of which were set up and marked during his administration by John Bedell, a Crown Surveyor. The Meductic Point is not mentioned among the lands reserved for the Indians in the return made by the Surveyor (General to his Excellency the Lieutenant Governor, but I beg to state that both by history and tradition it would seem to be one of the most ancient Indian settlements on the St. John. While there the ' remains of an old Indian Fort were pointed out to me Mithin which the bones of several hundred men repose apparently in one common grave. Mr. Perley is mistaken in the idea that the Indian remains at Meductic are buried in one common grave. Graves there have frequently been opened, and Mr. A. R. Hay, the present owner of the place,* says that in no case that he has ever heard of have the remains of more than one Indian been dug from the same grave. He says there is a tradition that the Meductic Fort was once taken by the English, who placed a party in ambush on the east side of the river, opposite the Fort, whilst the remainder advanced upon it from the west, with shouting and firing of guns. The terrified savages jumped into their canoes and paddled over to the opi)osite side of the river, only to fall into the hands of those lying in ambush, by whom they were shot down without mercy as they were landing. Many skeletons have been brought to light on that side of the river, and tliey are said to lepresent the victims who were slain at this fight and are supposed to be buried in a common grave, but Mr. Hay says he has no i)ersonal knowledge as to the way in which these remains are interred. * To the kindness of Mr. A. R. Hay and his hrother, Mr. Wihnot Hay, I am much indohtcd lor vahiaWe assisUnce rendered in the preparation of tl)is paper. Both the.. R. 40 NKW BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIETV. At the tinu! Mv. Perley visited ^Mcdiictic Point, in Jnly 1841, lie found llicre but five incm, six women, nine; hoys and nine girls; lie adds: '' I regret that I have to state that, with one or two exft'|ak of com- fort and content. But wlnit of those who once possessed th(;ir lands and claimed them as their birthright; those whose mortal bodies sleep in the little square enclosure by the river side I " Aliis for tlit'iii 1 tliL'ir day is o'er, Their firca are out on hill and shore ; No more for them the wild deer hounds, The plough is on their hunting grounds, 'i'he pale man's axe rings thi-ough their Moods, The pale man's sail skims o'er their floods." To US who lazily reclined beneath the shadow of the rocky hillside that lovely summer afternoon, the little rivulet that descended from Gyles' spring and babbled at our feet seemed to say with Tennyson's brook — " I chatter, chatter, as I flow To join the brimming river, For men may come and men may go, Bu^ I go on for ever." * * « * Yes, men may come and go, and these are gone." Yes gone, all gone ! And still, my l)rothers of the New Brunswick Historical Society, to-night thei'e seems to rise before us out of the mists of the shadowy past, the figure of the old Indian chief. We see him as with the air of a plumed knight he stands and answers for his tribe the question put by the English commissiorers, " By what right or title do you hold these lands'?" We see him as he points to the little enclosure by the river side and gives his answer, " There are the graves of our grandsires ; there are the graves of our fathers ; there are the graves of our children." Over that grave-yard today the tangled hawthorn has grown in lawless profusion akin to the wild lawlessness of those whose bones lie buried there ; the hawthorn guards their resting place full well ; and when on some fair May morning the fresh breeze shakes the hawthorn and the white blossoms fall like drifting snow upon the quiet graves be- neath, may the thought suggested to us be — even so may the mantle of Christian charity fall over tht^ frailties of those wdio, with all their faults, have been perhaps more sinned against than sinning. " The graves of om- grandsires ; the graves of our fathers ; the graves of our children ! " Vale Malecitae / 42 NEW HKUXSWICK HISTOKICAL SOCIETY. APPENDIX. EXTUACTS FUOM THE JoUKNAL OF CaPTAIN WiLLIAM PoTE. Jr., DuKiNCi HIS Captivity in the Fuencii and Indian Wars, 1745-1 717. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. * The Pote Journal was di.scovered in 1890 by Bi.shoi) John P. Hurst, of Wasliiugton, at (iencva, in Switzerland, and has just been printed by Dodd, Meud & Co., of New York, price 815 and $25 per volume. Through the kindness of Dr. W, P. CJanong I have been provided with a copy of that part wliich relates to New Brunswick, from which the e,\ tract that follows is taken. William Pote belonged to Portland, Elaine, then called Falmouth. At the time he was taken prisoner l)y the Indians lie was engaged under the chief engineer of Nova Scotia, John Henry Bastide, in carrying artificers and supplies for the repair and defence of the fort at Annapolis lioyal. He was in command of the Schooner Jfontdgne when that vessel was surprised and captured by a parcy of Indians and French. Pote was carried to Queliec by way of the river St. John. The Indians with their ])risoners arrived at the Indian village of Aukpaque, which Pote calls Apog, on Saturday, July 6, 174."). With this date our extract from the Journal shall begin : W. O. R. " Saturday ye Gth. This Day In ye Morning our Indians had much DilHculty, to prevail with ye Si)auiard* to Sell ym his Connew. This Day we passed by several french houses, and some we stoped at for pro- visions, but they was exceeding poor and Could not supply us with any, this Night we arrived to an Indian Village, called apoge,t where we found ye Schooner Montague was arrived with ye other prisoners Some Days before us, at this jilace ye Squaws came down to ye Edge of ye River, Dancing and Behaving themselves, in ye most Brutish and Indecent manner yt is possible for humain kind, and taking us prisoners by ye arms, one Squaw on Each Side of a prisoner, they Red us up to their Village and placed themselves In a Large Circle Round us, after tiiey had Gat all })repared for tl nr Dance, they made us set down In a Small Circle, about 18 Inches ass mder and began their froUck, Dancing • He Ihotl at Ihu Jeiiisiy innliiilily. t Of coiirsf AiikpiU|ue. NEW BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIKTY. 43 Round us and Striking of us in ye face with English Scalps, yt caus(id ye Blood to Issue from our mouths and Noses, In a Very tJreut and plenti- ful! manner, and Tangled their hands in onr hair, and knocked our heads Togather with all their Strength and Vehemence, and when they was tired of this Exercise, they would take us hy [the] hair and some l»y ye Ears, and Standing behind us, oblige us to keep our Necks Strong so as to bear their weight, then Kaise themselves, their feet ofi" ye Ground and their weight hanging by our hair and Ears, In this manner, they thumped us In ye Back and Sides, with their knees and feet, and Twitchd our hair and Ears to such a Degree, that I am Incapable to Ex- press it, and ye others that was Dancing Round if they saw any man falter, and did not hold up his Neck, they Dached ye Scalps In our faces with such Violence, yt every man endeavoured to bear them hang- ing by their hair in this manner, Rather then to have a Double Punish- ment ; after they had finished their fiolick, that Lasted about two hours and an half, we was carried to one of their Camps, where we Saw Some of ye Prisoners that Came in ye montague,* at this place we Incamjjed yt Night with hungrey Belleys 40 L from ye entrance W. N. W. Ijy our Computation. Sunday ye 7th This Day we was Informed, and found we had Suficient Reason to Confide In ye Information, That they held a counsell amongst ym weather they Should put us to Death, and ye Saint Johns Indians almost Gained ye point for they Insisted it was but Justice, as they Sd there had been Several of their Tribe, murdered by Capt. John Gorham at anapolis. our masters being Verey Desireous to Save us alive. Used all ye arguments In their power for that purpose but could not prevail, for they Insisted on Satisfaction, howsoever our masters prevailed So far with ym, as to take Some Considerable quantity of their most Valuable Goods, and Si)are our Lives, this Day they Gave us Some Boilld Salmon which we Eat with a Verey Good Appetite, without Either Salt or Bread, we Incamped this Night at this afibrsaid Indian Village Apog. Monday ye 8th This Day In ye Morning ye heronsf began to Make preparation for their Departure up ye River of Saint Johns, at about Ten In ye morning we Imbarqued anil Left those yt Came In ye Schooner montague at Apog making Birtch Connews &c this Day we meet with much falling water »tc, one of our Indians Called Jacob a prisoner yt formerly Belongd to Capt John (iorhams Company and was * Potf's si'lioimor tiikiui at Aiiiiii|iiilis, and wliich liail lieeii sent U|i the river St. .loliii. t Meaning; tlic Huron Inilians by whom I'oUi anil his oonipiiiiions were talion captive. 44 M;\V IIKLNSWUK III.STOUK'AI, .SOCIKTV. tiikon on (loat Tshind, was (fxcceilingly out of ordfi' and muld not assist yo Indians to })a(l(llt' aj,'ainst y«' Strong Current, Yt Ran ai,'ainHt us yo (iiratiT part of ye Day, his head was So Excc<'dinf,dy Swelled, vvitli ye Scjuaws iK'atiny of liiin, yt ho ("ould Soearsly Se(( out of his Kyes. I had ye (Jood fortune to be almost well in Comparison to what he was, although it was he and I was ('oinpanions, and Sat Next to Each otlnsr, In ye Time of their J)anee, and him tliey alwas took for my partner to knoek our heads Toj^etlier y(! Indians asked me In what Manner ye SiiuawH treated us, that hid head was So Kxeeedintjly Swelld I Cave ihem an acoount, at wliieli they feij^ned themselves much Disgusted, and protested they was Inticrly Ifjnorant of ye all'air, and Said they thought ye Squaws Designd Nothing Else, but only to Dance round us tor a Little Diversion, without moUisting or hurting of us In any manner, tins Night we encamped by yo Side of ye Hiver Saint Johns, our Indians Showd me a Uoot, yt they Said they often made C^se of for Substain- anee when they had no provisions, this Night we all slept with Verey huugrey belleys. Tuesday ve 9th. This Day we had also much falling water iind Ripplings* to pass. Somtimes we was abliged to Land, and Carrey our Bagage over clefts of llocks, and trees &C, that was in our way. This day ye Indians told mo we Should arrive Near to another Indian Village, I asked them if they Supposed they would Use us in ye hianner we had bt>en, at ye other Village they made me no answer, but Said Something In Indian, yt Caused all ye Connews to Gather Round ye Connew yt I was in, iS: Discoursed in Indian what they Said I could not tell Rut I observed they i^ooked with a Verey Serious Countenance on nie, wheii I Saw a Convenient opportunity I spoke to this att'ect, (Jentlemen You are all Verey Sensible, of ye 111 Usage we met with at ye other Village, which I have Reason to V)elieve, was Intierly Contrary to any of Your Inclinations or jiermis- sion, and as you Call your Selves Christians, and men of honor, I hope you'l Use your prisoners accordingly. But I think it is Verey Contrary to ye Nature, of a Christian, to abuse; men In ye manner we was at ye other Village, and I am Verey Sensible there is no Christian Nation yt Suffers their ])risoners to be abused after they have Given them fpiarters. In ye manner we have been, the Indians Looked verey Serious, and approved of what I said, and Talked amongst themselves in Indian, and my master told me when we airived to ye Indian Village I must mind to keep Clost by hi)n. This Night we ' rrnbublv tiiu MeiliK'tiL' Fiills arc liore rofcrroil to. Ni;\V lllilNSWICK IIIHTOltU.'Al, SOCIKTV. 4*t liiciiiiiiitl Oil nil Isliiiid 111 y^' Uivur Saiiil .Johns, this Night svf hud ii Siiiall piece of HoiHcd Suhiion, yt whh (iiveu to yo Indians by an Imliaii yt liiv»'d on >'(! Island This was |)ivi(h>d iiinor.g.st our I'oiiipany, yt Cniisisted of twenty tliiee persoiiH. Whensday ye 10th. This Day we Took our Departiirt' Kaily in yo niorniiijL,', yo Indians told mo we should arrive to ye Indian \'illa^'<* before Noon, this inorniiielleys IS I,. (!, (\ N. W* Medouatike. Tlnirsdiiy ye llth This Day we IJeniaii.ed In ye Indian Villaj^e called iMedocatike, I ol)ser\ed ye Sijuaws coidd iio|t| l>y any means t'ontent themsolves without ha\ing their hancc. they Continued 'leas- ing my Muister to Such ii D'j^i'ee, to have ye lalierty to Dance Konnd nie, that he ('onsented they might if they would I'roinis to not aluse me, they Desired none of ye Jiest. luit nu' was all they aimed at foi" what lleason I cannot Tell. When my masterK had (iiven yin Liheity, which was \hn\v ('n/ir/tiKiirii In vn- tiiie I Escaped without any Punishment from them at the time. This Day J was sent for by one of ye heads of their Tribe, To Read a Contract between their Tribe and ye Covernour of Anajipolis, Tliiit is In liM^iHN finiii Aiil»|iai|iif ; jftiu-iiil ((iiiisc Nurtli-wi'st. t Wiirils italifizrd hit p;iitiiilly ithsimI in ilic uriniiiiil iiiiiinii>cri|it. NKW nKl'NHWICK II ISTOIIICAI, HOCII/IV. 47 tliat lin(l Ix'cii iiiKilo iilioul 11 yi'iirs,* I 'I'ldd yv liiiliuiis liny liiid luU'd (Jontniry to (li«!ir iij^n-cnu'iil, which ulih^'cd tlicin to J>i\i! in Pract>, hihI wiiliuiit any nio!li.stiiti()ii on Kitlwr Sidr. I told him iiIho \u- must < 'on- t'i'hH th»'ii' Nnliuii hud lircn y<' lirsl Mj^icssors, he lohl uw llicy had not, and Related to nie Soincthint; ("oncciniiif; ye 111 I'sagi' ot' prisonfiH at aniipoliH Some time past, Mut he was So lm|>ert'('(t In ye IVcmuIi Tongue, yl, I Cor t I'jKh'istand ye tiiie meaning of his hiscourH, This l)iiy arrived uiiiH N'illnge one nonus CnBtine tVom Pernol>s(|iiett, who Examined nie Verey Strictly what our Caryo OonHisted In itc, and wrote wliat I Said to him CoiKuuniiif,' it, he told me he had Latly lieen on lioard the ( 'onntroy Sloop. ( 'apt Sanders nt (Jerorges, and yt ye Pi(Miol)S(juett IndiaiiH wuh Still :\i peaee with ye Kiiglish, and he helieved would (Continue So Sonu> eonsideraUle time. I thoii^^ht Jt wa8 not prudence to Contradict him. althoiiyh I was Sensible there was S"veial Pernohscinett IndiiuiH, In ye arniey that we was Taken hy, this night my ma.ster advised me to keep in ye Cnuip, and hy no means (io ont, and protested to me that this I'oiius C'astine, iilthoiii,'h he Pretended to l>e my fri(>nd, had Oesired him to jait me to Death, this Might ye Indians was Dancing and Singing, yi'Oreater part of ye Night. Frida " 1-th This I)ay In ye morning hogiin to make preparation for our artnre, at ahont Eight of ye clock took (»ir Departure from Meouuatike, ibr Canedy, This hay we piidilled against l!ip- j)lings and a Sti'oiig Current against us. This Night we liaainpd By ye Side of ye River Saint .lohiis, N'erey Inmgiw'y and Little or Nothing to Eiit N N W G L Saturday ye I'^lh This l)ii\ I'addlcd up \c River nf Saint Johns ahout 9 Leagus Ditto we was Kxceerling Scant of I'rovissions, and Could not by any means Catch any lish nor kill any fowl, This Night we Incampd by ye Side of ye River, and ye Indians had yetlood fortune to Catch a Couple of Salmon, that was Verey Exceptable to us at that time. 14 Sunday 'I'his Day as we was pudling up ye Ri\er we pased by a Suiall Cove, and i)ereei\ed at ye heal of it, then' v as Salmon playing in ye Cool water at ye head of ye Cove, we Landed verey Carefully, ajid Cut Bushes and Brought them down to ye Kntrance of ye Cove, and wile Some of us was imployed, with peiches and o\ir paddles &.c. thrash- ing in ye water, to hinder ye tish from Coming out of ye Cove, ye others built a ware across ye Entrance of ye Cove, with Hushes and our Blanketts cStc and we Caught in this Cove iji'ly four Salmo[n] which ■* Tll« iiclmil (Iiiti! WUH 111! ilonl't I"'.')* ; me p lMT. tiiili: 'sTjtl.-^. 48 NKW MIUNSWirK msTiiUlC.xI, SOC'IK'I'V. was So Exfcptfilflo lo uh at that time that I Sliall luncr forget yu Jov I was tilled witli, this Dmy we passed l>y a Eiver yt Ran Jiito Saint Johns, that ye Indians told nie Lid Almost to )ternol)S(]iU't, this Day we Came about 5 L and Incamped by ye Side of ye IJiver Saint Johns." Here our extract from Capt. Pote's jouiiial must end. The .spelling and punctuation of the original have been preserved throughout. Jt may interest the reader to learn that the Indians went from (irand Falls to •' Little Falls," thence up the Madawaska river to lake Temis- couata and thence by the Tuladi to the St. liawn^nce. Cajitain AN'illiam P«jte remained for three years a captive at (,|)uel)ec. Ills Journal, froui which the foregoing extract is taken, escaped conti.sca- tion through being concealed by one of the female prisoners, wlio, alter tlie release of tlie ])arty, restored it to its owner. OBITUARY LETTER '^^' TiiK Death of Fathki! Jeax BAPTif^ri'; J.ovakd, S. J. ITniiisliilioii]. llEVKKKM) FaTHEK, P. C. I On the night of June 24-2-"), [1731 ]. we lost our worthy missionary, Father tiean Baptiste Loyard, a man honored and Vteloved at home and al)road, and generally lamented by both l-^rench and Indians. From the day that Fatlier Loyard reached (^>uel)t c he gave much edifi- cation there, and time served only to cause his great abilities and rare virtues to be more widely known and admired. Occupied nearly twenty- four years in the conversion and edification of the savages, he fulfilled all the duties of an ideal missionary. To untiring zeal he joined exemplary modesty, great sweetne.ss ot disposition, never failing charity, and an evenness of temper which made him superior to circumstances. As his disposition had nothing of sternness, so was he e([tially loved and respected by the savages, and the fear of displeasing him spared him, in a measure, the pain of threatening them. Having Vjeen ordered to Quebec to re-establish his health, he had Imrdly begun to recover from the effects of his jirolonged labors when, realizing the necessities of his old mission M'here his presence seemed indispensable, he asked to be allowed to return thithei', and it was while odtivating that pait of the Ijords vineyard that, worn out by hardship and actually in the exercise of the most active l)enevolence among the sick, he contracted the disea.se of svhich In," died- — in the midst of liis flock, NKW lilU NSWICK IMS'I'OKICAI, SdClKTV. 49 over whom, as a good slicplicnl, lie kept iiiccHsant wateli, iiiid ulioiii lit- led 80 wisely, with the sweet consolation of gathering abunilant fruit from his cares and toils. You can readily judge from all this, reverend father, that all his flock cannot hut Ite greatly nio\-ed by the death of such a ])astor, and that the memory of this excellent missionary will be l)lessed in his mission for a long time to come. Among the virtues which shone bi'ightly in Father Loyard, besides those of which I have spoken already, we noticed in him teiuler devotion and rare piety. The never failing homage he paid to our Lord Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist could not but be edifying in a "eligious house, and his devout recollectedness of mind when in the churches testified suthciently to tlie liveline.ss ot his faith. Busy as he was, he gave all the prescribed time to his own spiritual exerci.ses, and he had the art of economizing the moments, lie was prompt and exact in his obedience, was fitted for everything and ready for everything, and his .superiors could dispose of him as they would. AVhenever, on account of the needs of his mission, he returned to Quebec he was conspicuous for prompt performance of all duties, and ha made it very evident that however incompatible certain occupations n.'ay appear to others thty need not be so if they are pursued with perfect regularity. What might I not say here of the purity of his conduct and the innocency of his life? Several times I have had occasion to admire them, and T do not fear that those from whom this father had nothing hidd(;n, those to whom he laid bare his conscience, will refu:,e to subscrilie to the most favorable testimony that I feel compelled to bestow. After tlie example of the prophet he loved the beauty of the hou.se of the Lord, he omitted nothing for the beautifying of His altars, and although in the profound depths of the forest Ke managed to build a beautiful church, to fitly adorn it and to furnish it abmulantly with holy vessels and suitable ornaments. However great may be the loss that we have met in the death of a missionary so remarkable for his virtue and goodness, and however keenly we may feel it, we are consoling ourselves, nevertheless, with the hope of finding in him a protector ii> heaven, where he enjoys already, we dare to assure ourselves, the happiness of the blessed. None the less 1 ask for him of your Reverence the customary piayers of the Society. J have the honor to l)e, with deep respect, reverend Father, Your Reverence's very huiubh and obedient Servant, (Signed) .). 15 DiTauc, S, .J. :iO NEW Bin NHWIL'K HISTdliirAU SOCIKTV. Mkmorandum. An Al'oouiiI of ihu ])istribution of tlic Xcffhsarifs MvcW liy Order of tlii^ Pfon. Jioard of Couiniissionors for the Native liuliaiis st-ttled at :Madu«;tic at Diflercnt Tinirs fioni (he 2Uli .luno, 1788, till tlu' IStli Nov'hr, 1789:— Ka.mk Aiigustin Fraiu'ia Joseph, }5arzil (sick, since ilead Pellaiola, Thomas, Tcjmah, (iov'r Toiiiiili. . . Peter .loc I'jUazonpa (widow), l-"rancis Regis, Joseph Murray Joe Murray Joe Murray Sis, Josepii Murray (old), JosejJi J.ugorstai (dead), Bart is, I'einuiyhawiek I'emmacola, Josepli Martin (sicU) Toiler (widow ), John 'I'obec, (irand John, Pierre I'eter, John Manduelmel Pierre, Pelip, Manduane (widow), Xuel Priest Biiitis Rahis Joseph I'ersis, Joseph Lua, Madalemis (widow l^ierre Missel, Sabatis Joseph, Joseph Pieideny, Pierdeney, Xuil, 'ola, .... 1 : T Piel Sack Joe .lack, Nicolas, Molly (widow). Missel, M;\\ IUUNSWIcK IIISTOKK'AI, SIK I K'I'S , ni N A M I ^ CuiiliiitiiiL Lna Ffanuui, Krancis, 'riioiiuis (^)uo(ll)an, Xiiellis, Andrew Major, Nicola Nepthon, Nuel Niu'l Benar, Suuuni Ik'iiar, Molly deary, Seriiiacola, Xiiel Senuaeola, Sal)atiH Tobec .lotjeph W'ilinot, Pierre Toiuah, Little .Joe, Siiceatiir, .loe Jep.sis, •losepli Bar.selote, Sallo, Lobiiis, I'ier .loseph, liUa Zoiitea, Ohluis, ]';ar.soii 1; 12 4 ^ M 'Jl '^ \X 8! 8' 14 4 2| 01 3 I I •i\ m 2i| 2' o 2 o! 2! NKW MlilN.SWK'K IIISTOKK'Al. SOCIKTY. Na.mks. Conth\ii>- '■J 0, J .^ '^- \ 'A ^ i-J r— ^ •> 1 4 3 4 8 i o 4 8 3 1 , , 3 8 3 .. .. 4 16 6 li .. _ 2 1 . , 3 8 3 .. i| •• ! 2 8 3! .. 1 4 12 31 .. 1 5 4 Hi 6 .. ..1 3 2]i 7* 1 1 3 8 6 .. .. 2 1 1 4 8 «) .. 2 1 4 3 .. 1 li, .. 2 8 3 2 1 ..ll ,. 2 8 6 2 .1 li 3 2 8 6 1 4 G 24 8 9 6 1 4 .. (j 24 18 1 • ■ 1 i 4; .. '2 8 1 1 ■• 74i«r)!!... I3'2l' 71)0 ;«!ii 152 1 1 1 1 The foregoing account is found amongst other papers sent by Frederick l)il)lilee to the commissioners of the New Enghxnd Company It bears the following indorsement in his hand writing, " Accounts ot Necessaries for the Native Indians at Maductic." He sums up the stattMiient given above as follows : ^Fen 98, Women 74, Children IGo. Total Delivered to the Indians; corn 14G bushels, ])owder 322 lbs.. Lead 790 lbs., Flints 365, Pork 592 lbs., Salt 82 {piarts, Blankets 152, Stroud 175 yards. Linen 124 yards, Hats 12, Uooks U), Beans 14.^ bushels. Potatoes 23.', bushels. Thomas Quodpan, two axes it two hows. * Pemmyhawick, two axes it two hows. Ijua Sontes, two axes it two hows. The spelling of Indian names, etc.. has been preserved as in the original. W. U. K.