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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est f ilm6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. rata )elure. Id H 32X 1 i 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 a, JiC,- ILLUvSTRATEl) HALIFAX ITS . I ■■'':■- ^ If GiVIL nPlLITARY AND PAVAL MiSTORY By Norbert Metzler WITH A BRIKl" SKI TCII Ol- ACADIAN ANNALS. 1)1^. \ 1. 1 Mi \vn II TIIK. AMii.iiKiiKxcii Sriii iiiii.i-; mil Kmi'Hii-; a i Axxai'ih.is W(>\ ai. axu i.or iHiiiiriiti, AMI WITH iiiK TiiAiiir SKun iir iiik Kxim i.kidx "IK iiiK X>;i inAi.s I HUM * ' TME LANb 9F EVANQELINE * * "fXy l-l lll.l''HKI> HV . . JOHN M'"CONNlFF . . rNlON Tli'.Kl-l AiJHNdV. ■ - - WINDSOR lUITKI. MONTRhAI. T)^» For Sale at all Booksellers in Halifax Kllti'tl-ll ll>.n|>nil){ IM \ I Ml I'l • ^ M I | . ||t I lir I lr|>jll t IIK lit of Ak'lt'lllt Ml •-. llltilU:i Mai.u'ax iiv MiiiiM.iiiili. ?^^ II M.I I A \. I i:ii\i Sri lit III Si, .M \m > r A I III iiii VI. i3|-%-re.» Ymf^- 'i:Ji. Mi)N(i tliu «'itii's of iiiir \':\\v Dniniiiiini H.-iliHix li.i- .111 inl<-n-l c'liir ii> nwii, 15r>iili'> its lii>i(ii-ic iiii|H.ri,iiicr ii- iln' c.iiiii.il "I' iln' 'j:v*-,\\ M;iriiiini' I'i'uv iiu r Nu\;i Sctll(lr||l. |i<'r|i.i|i>. ;i- till' Aciilill 111' till' I'Vciich i'i';.'inif. llalit'iix li;is ;i >]ii'ci;i| iiii|i(irl;iiici' ;i> llii' "nlx ;:;ii'cis()n Iciwii iinw in (';m;ii;itinii nf Kiiiaiii in tin' Ni>\ \Vi>r|i|. In tlii- latter i'i-|irct ii M(ni> I'l I'lirni tin' nni- (ll>tinclivc anil inM'iiaral)lr link of cnnniciii.n Itiwimmi ilir i-ul(in\ ami the iii'iilici- laml. In ii- uriiiin. nut onlv i- tlif link willi I'.riiain i'ii>-<' ami intiniaii'. Imi. in what nia,\ lir Irrnicd its moiieviil mi. tin- link is strciifrtJicnrti \>\ thr liifi tiiat it was (Uicc tlic nsidciicr nf ilcr Mitjtsty s IjitJH'r, tlic I)ul<«' of Kent, wiiiic coiiiniiiiKliiitr tin- I'orcc-i nf Mrit.-iin mi tlif Norrji Atliiiitic Statimi. Tin- (listiiictivc foiMirt' 1(1" the cjiy is its miiitary ami naval cliaraftcr. Merc, on any snninn r liay, may !"• s»'«'n tlironffs of "Jolly tars, "or, in the iio)in!ar plirasc, •lilnc .jackfts,' |iannlinf,' the streets, or a ciiniiany (»f rcd-coatod soldiciv inarcliinjr witli measured tread from some one of tlio many ndlitary stations to another. In tlie iM'anliful linrlionr. riding; secnre from dany'er of wind or wave, are vessels of all nations; the IH'iiceful trader from n-niotest elin.e, the hardy lislierman, and tlic niiyrlity war-sliip of old Kiif,'lany forts and Itattlemi-nts on shore, and l)y a nolile (leet on sea, Halifax l)asks conicntedly in the ji^enial warmth of her snmni<-r sun, and invites Ikm* Ameriean cousin and inland Canadian 'lister to come and note her warlike security, to he enlivenerl l>y her sports and iiastjnies. and enra|ttnred liy the sijihts she can slmw them. Here is the land : there thi' sea. Would \ou walk, di'ive. hunt or slio:it? Would you row, sail, Ijitlie or lish ? Kaeli and all are o|ien to >ou. Woidd novel sifflits ;tnd sonmls amuse you? Then, ajfain, will Halifax furnish such eiitei'taiinm'Ut as can lie had nowhei'i else in America. In the s|r)icions roadstead ina> I <■ seen mock hattles of the war-shii>s with each other and with the forts : mi shm-e the >h;iin li^i'hts nf the f^arrismi. divided for the (K'casion into o])|M)sinjr forces. To this is added a siinimei- climate, dear, cool and healthful : scenery and surroundiiifjs of extrenn- lieauty : and a hosiiitality which the visitor has over found warm and true. 'I'lie ohjecl of the present volume is ,i) ti'e;it of these jind otliei' fejitui'os of (he place, and to yive at the siinie time a succinct yc comprehensive histiry of the city, from i!s foundation to the present ilay. To those wiio have known and loved Halifax, and to her Wiirm-hearled, |>atiiotic citizens, the puiilisher and compiler alike respectfully dedicate their work, in the hope that it may meet with the apin'oliation of those for whose pleasure they hav<' soii^iht to eati'r. I VllW IN I IIK I'lHI.H (i Ml|i|;\> [■■•INI I'l.lA^ANl I'MIK. llAMKAX, KIIC'M OKii|lliK>< Isl.AMI. IIALITAX or TO-DAY, .^■ ,. Tlu'ii :i ilmsi' mikI t'nvv.st strrtcln'il iiwav IVcnii tin- wii'cr's ('(!;;•(• luifk ;i^ t;ir ii^ tin' •■>(• nmlil ri';icli. while liirkiny siivi ('••;||<(| ill tllf '"'' •krt, lil'cfltlird I'rill'I'lli IllcllJIfr ii;;;|ilisl llir liill'dy Vci\ ii;r<'l"s Wliii llinl (iiircil In illV iiijiiii. Amid ililliciiliirs iiml (i,'iii;:ri's ilic si'tllcllll'lll W.'IS lir;;illl. ArdlKUls lllnliyh lilf lil*k, IIh' I'dlTsI Wiis relied. d\Vellili;.'-s were elected. :illd snoll illl W.'is life jind illlillljlt iii|| where sii slmrl ;i time heliire had heeii >ile|iee .Mild suliiiide. Cniiliiied iit lirst within ,-i s|>iiee liiiiiiided li\ iu'ii'i'iii^'lnii, Sillier, , ■Hid l>iiekiii;;h:iiii Streets, the luwil stiiill {•e.-iciied I'Ut illKJ clillllied the hill tn the i>;|se (if tlir Ci'.ldel. Then. .Is tliiiii;rh lieeimiiiji' fiiilicpldeiied iiiid enii>ei(iii> iiC iiiere.'isiiiji' streiiyili .'iiid -eeiirity, it ei'e|i| first iiorili .-iiid then sniitli. Aflerwiirds (nitlyiii;,'' siiliiirlis were liiiilt. Veiir !•>■ xfiir the citv I'x tended. s;iiiietimes ivipidly. suiiietiniessluwly iind t'fiiitJMiisly. jis thniifili hiilt'-leiirt'iil i<\' its uwn teiiierit\. .'iiid iiiieertiiin nf the result. ,\> time lie s.'iih'd iiiilirtiken litres, cnli- ,'lde their K\ I 1: \ MK II. (Ill AUKI. \ nillrddii till- ildiiprs wliicli \v^i\ tin- | jitli n)' llir fjirlirr scllliTS Wi'lT rt'lilDVcil iiihI lllnrr l'il|iii| |)r()>;irs> \V)|- iiiimIc, until loiliiy lliilil'iix is i\ tlii'iviii;r ami |ii(- MllVsi|IU' I'itv i>r siiliu^ ir),(.KHI ililialiitilllls till' rniiilllil- citil iiiiii |iiiliticiii oiiiit.il nC ii |iri>s|>< rolls .'itiil wmliliy |iri>vill('r. lis lislliliy tifi'ts scuir tlir WIlltTs iif tjic Atliiiilic t'i'iiiii tlif Itiiy III' l-'iindy \>> Liiliriiilor. iiml tlii' wliilc siiils III' its tiVMltTs (jut till' Imrliiiiirs u| ilu- ylulir. Kicli ill iiiiliiriii in'iHliu'ts iiiiil in in.'iiiiirji<'tiii'i> : iuism'smiI III' iiiM' "I" tin- lliirst rnfidstciids ill till' wiirld, in wliicli ti iliiiiis.iiid III' tilt,' liirp'st vcssolsfitlnjit ciiiild rid<' in s;ifcty : till' winti'i- jiiii't III' till' Diiiiiiiiiiiii. iir;iri'r tn tin- Old t'niiiitrv tliiin itny s('ji|i(iri ni' cuiisi ipii ncr in AnH'rira, iind li.'ivin;:' I'iiilwjiy cnniinnnii-iitinn witli tli<- wlmh' I'liiitiiiriit. its lii'iljiiint t'litiirc is iis>iii'<'d. Tlici'r is niiicli in lljilil'iix tn intrrrst ,'ind iittivict. To its ciinniK'i'ciiil iidvaiitiip's ;iiid n.-ittiral liciiiitii's its ini|i<)i-tiiiu-c tis t\ niilitinv .iiid naviil station 'adds a lu'csti^'c which it nii^iht not othfrwisc nijoy. Kroni thf snimnil of Kurt (imryc. lirttrr known as ('itadfl Mill, a sii|ii'rli vii-w of the city, iln' hai'lioiir and tile surrounding cuiintry inav Im- olitaiiu'd. 'Phr older jxirtion of tlic town lies lirtwiTii ii and tlir water, and thr sti'aiy:ht. cross strrcis lead ilif ryr down to the hai'lioiir. wlicrr vessels lirariiifj' tlic tlaj^^s of all nations arc at aiu'lior. On a elcar sniiii\' niornin;,' tlic >ci'iir is iine of ihe pn'ttifst siyhts iina;,'inalilc, 'i'o the imrth, sliini- uifrin;jr in the smnincr sun^ and spcrkcd witii tlic white wiii;;s of I'lcasin'c lioats, lie tiie liri^^ht watcr.-i of u Mkihii wis IIwk. \ B«'dfoi*d Biisin, into wliioli tlic ImrlMmr ojh'iis init jifter passiiifi: thrmifjli the Narrows. To the east iirc tho low liills on tln' Djirtnioutli side, jmhI (icorfT'' s Isliind. ^ri'it'ii and wcllkciif, loukinii' as tliunjili dropiird iiiid-liarlmur by some {fiiiiit in Ids play. Hcymid arc llic massive Imiidiiij^js Ivnown as Mdimt llnpc insane Asylum, willi Knri Clarence, ffiMm and srern, a little helow. Near the nuMitli of the liarliniir is Mc\'al)'s Islaiid, tlii' cily's piv-nic ffrounds, with its heantit'id proves and walks, its tort and rille ranjic : while on Manner's lieaeli. ".juftinji' out noM'-like from the island.' stands an antiiinated Marlelht tower, turned in old ajj;e tVom the warlike uses of its youth, and |ieacefully holdinj; aloft a l)ri;irht. beacon to warn the sailor off tlw reef lielow. lieyond this ajrain is a wido sweep of sail-tlecked ocean, with perhai)s the smoke of ;i passin-r steamer dindy visihh^ on the horizon. Hi'low and aroinid are the liuildinyrs of the town, with Iwre tnid llien' a spire risin;;' fivmi anions' jri'cen foliaji'e. Halifax, however, is seen to hest advanta^i' IVom the watiT. .\ former writi'rthus refers to it : "Step inln a small row-hoat, such as lie fur hire hy the scure .-n the various puMic wluirves, and push nut on a snunuer 4'veidnn' when the sun is setting' liehiud th ■ .Adnural's Imuse. and the nionn wjdis, ovei- the Darlnniuth hills. '.\t\- her turn. On every jrlassy ripple ;iliiumers a nnmic sun. the U'\'r.u'i'i\ cWy \n htwlwd en ciah'/ir dc nist^, tUv ffrass in Her Majestys dockyard, and the hiu' tree lu'ar which his wiii>ihi|i the Mayoi- stands to welcome ro.\alt\ . tak(M)n a }?em-like f;'recn — as tliou;,''h illuudued and transformed l»y .Maddin's lamp. The windows of Mnuni Hope Insane Asylum arc sheeted with tire, tli;il slnwly dies as the sun sinks Inwer ; suon unly the tall flii;;-st;ilV on tho. Citadel, with its many streamt-rs tellin;,' of ships comiuj,'' Imine, wreaths itself .-doft in the dyiuji' sunset. Myriads of pleasure boats thread their way In and out on the w.iteralleys .-nnon;;- the ships at anchor. Ilei' Afajesty's Hasf-shin and its c insort-s lie motionless ;is forts ;imid the .-luinuiti'd scene." 10 MnVl AMI Knli I II- II \ I liiN- (P| 1 111 C'l IMiKI.. CARLY I II8T0RY, 7 IJv tlic Tr«'ii!y III" I'ti'fclit. in ITi:'., Nnv.i Scuti.i, Ni\vl. l-ouisiM>iirfi'. the Krcnt'li stninyhoMin (Jijic Krcton. w;is t!il<»Mi liy till' Kiij;lisli. and in tlic titjjowinj;' >f)ii' I'rancr rurnicd a di'tcrniinul plan to sweep the Uritish rnun the Ameriean continent. An armada, wliich it was hoped wonld pfove inviiicilile. was littcil out at Woohi'ile. It t'.>i4sistcd of |(i sliips u|' war. with over ;!,(Hi() sailnrs and some ."ID lrans]iorts. 'i'lie couiinaiid w ijs cniiijsti'd to Due l)'.\n\ille. whn liad orders tn uccnp\ i.iiiiisixinr^. reduce Xova Scotia, destroy Hosloii, and ('!t\aye the const of New I'jijriaiid. It prnMil to he an ill-fated expedition. Disaster fell u|Hin it, and not ^^ sr. OkmikikV. St. Mai iukw's. RKrilKSK.MMI\ K ClIllllllKS : ST. Paii.'k. (M.ll Ul K'H ClIUIICII. 8r. Lukk'k Catiikiiiiai., St. Mahv's Catiiimpiiai. i\ solitary victnry did it jrain. Two sliips of tlio fleet were captured by tlio Britisii wliile yet on tlie const of l'"raiice. A succession of terrilic storms was encountefed. Many of tlie vessels were driven off tlieir Cdursc and never readied tln-ir destination. Some were inst at sea and a numher wrecked on Sable Island. On September 'Jiid, when D'Aiivillc arrived at ('licbueto Hay, lie liad but a wn-telied remnant left of the ffrand force with which he had so jiroudly sailed. To add to the other misfortunes of the cxiicdition. scurvy liroke out anionjr the crew, and 1,20() perished. The admiral himself died six days after his arrival, and the vice- admiral, D'Kst urnelle, driven mad by the accumulation py memento of an ill-stai'red enterprise. In the coui-se of a few weeks live ships of war and twenty fripites and transjiorts— i\ll tlijit was left of DWnville's fleet — had .;;7t'> settlers, of whom l.."»ir>, including;' children, were males, '{'he Sj)hii).i. with the (iovernor ami suite on lioard, was the first to reach her destination. She arrived oH' the coast on the I UJi of .Jiiiii?, liiit did ii|is tiikcn was the orfrnniziitioii (if a civil g:ovornineiit and the api>ointment of a Council to assist tiu" (iovt-riior in tiic It'jjislative biisint'ss of tiie I'rovincc. Its formation was formally announced on the 1 Ith July by a salute from the ships in the haiiK)ur, and the day was devoted to general rejoiciuf;. The fii-st meeting,' of the new council was held on Itoard the Jieimfoii tiansiwi't. antl the talile round which its niemliers asseiidih'd may still lie seen in the small council chamber in the Prov- ince Huildinfr. ;> sturdy old relic, iv- plete with associations of the jiast and liiddiuf? fair to la^st for many a lony year to conu-. Karly in the same month a spot was pitched upon for settlement at Point Pleasant, and the colonists commenced to fell trees and clear the jfround for the foundation of the town, which it was decidetl to nanu' Halifax, in honour of Georjje Montague, luirl of Halifax, the head of the Lords of Trade. An insutli- cient depth of water, the I'xtent of the adjacent I'cef, tofcether with the strength of the surf and other inconveniences, caused the site to be abandoned and one farther north selected. The latter ctimmanded a plentiful supply of water, a jirospect of the whole harbour, and many Till, (iA 1 t., KN 1 1!AM K I'l 111.11 I'AHK. oUier advantages. Tlie town was laiu out in blocks or s(]uares of 320 by 120 feet, tlie streets being (10 feet wide, an'' each block contained U» town lots, 40 feet front and 40 feet deep. Tlie original limits were Buckingham Street on the north, Salter Street on the south, liarrington Street on the west, and the liarhour tm the east. The western limit wjis soon extended to South Brunswick, formerly called Barrack Street, and the northern flank to Jacob Street ; the wiiole being surrounded by a strong palisade, with bhx'k houses at cdii- venient distances. About the same; time the northern and southern suburbs wiu'e surveyed, and a year later the German lots in tlie north end were laid out. The work of erecting dwellings was vigorously prosecuted. Frames "/ere brought from Massachusetts, and for a time all were kept " busy as beavei-s." Considerable difficulty was encountered owing to the inexperience of the settlei-s in the construction of woixleii buildings, but the consciousness that some 5,000 people hatl to Ik- housed before winter inspired them, and on the whole things went smoothly enough. Several transports were covered in for the accomniodatiDU of tliose whose homes were not ready, and everything po.ssible was done for the comfort of the colonists. In that summer of long ago, w<^ are told, the harbour sparkled witli Hsh, and the coast fnr and nejir wns rich in those treasures of the deep. Tiie st^tlers were from the Hrst encouraged to engage in the fisheries. It has lK3en atlirmed, indeed, that this " wealth In the deei>" wjis one of the chief rejisons for the selection of the new settlement, beyond its imiwrtance as a military and naval station. On July 17th the second meeting of the Council was held, when a prochiniation from the (iovernor was reiid forbidding any one to leave the Province witliout jiermission. The Council at this time consisted of Hve membi!i*s: Paul Mascarene, John (Jorhani, Benjannn Green, John Salisbury, and Hugh Davidson. Tlie numlx-r was sliortly afterwards increjised by the addition of Ellison, .Mercer, Horseman, Hoiwon, I^iiwrence. and How. On August 14th the Indians, who were disposed to Ix; friendly, sent delegates to the governor, and on the following day the Treaty of 172ii wjis enacted. Unhappily, however, it was but little regarded. The French, viewing with alarm the (Mtablishment of the new colony, incited the Indians to hostilities, and made every eftbrt to retard its progress, hoping to so disgust the settlei-s tiiat they would withdraw. The colonists were constantly lifirasscrli sheer (h'simir. tliat they allowed the bodies of their deail to lie without burial. Finally it beeamc necessary for the (Jovertior-in-rouncil to issue an order totheJustices of the I'eace, commandinf,' them to name so many i>efsons from each (|iiarterto wliicli the deceased belonged, to attend to tlie burial of the dead, undi'i- jiain of Ix'itig struck ott" tlie niess-hook and rejiister of settlers as unworthy of His Majesty's country. All househohlcrs were also commanded to report their dead within twenty-four hours. Ijiws similar to those existinjj in Virfritiia were adopted, and it was (hicided that no delit contracted prior to the establishment of the settlement, or the arrival of the settlers in Halifax, shoidd tie collected in any court of law in tin' jirovince, except for jjotxls imported intci the colony. This, no iloulit, was found a very con- venient provision by many. In December. 1741t, ji proclamation was issued, callinj,'' foi' the oi'f^aiiizatioti of a militia force, so fre(pient had the outrafjes by Indians and Krencli strajr;,'lers become. iMuirdays later iiifoi'inntioii was received that a French continffcnt had been despatched overland from Canada to attack and destroy the settlement. Then all was excitement. After Divine service the iidiabitants were assembled on the I'arade, when the ]iroclamation was affain read to them, and they were commanlitied than in the case of Halifax, which, thouffli threatened time and ugiuw in tiie course of its history with invasion and destruction, has never yet been attacked. In AugiLst, IToO, the shi]) Alderney brouj^ht out .'I'lO additional settlers, and in September some :>()(> :;< i( ) CKMHAI, AVKM K, I'LIU.ll,' GAliliKNS. (JiTiiiiins tiMiii tlif I'jilatiniifo jirrivcd. liUts in tlio tonii were thru <|iii»lt' voted for tint erection of binlding's. It is now a pretty and tlourishiuH' town, with between four and five thousand iidiabitants. Althou^di no attack was made on II,'.''t!i\ itself either by the Indians or the FnMicli, stra^';rleis without the palisade wcr ' bein^ continually i»icked oft", especially alonjr the shores of Medford Masin. where the settlers resorted for tirewixMl. So dan^'erous had this locality become that it was found necessjii-y to semi out an armed l)ody whciu'ver fuel or lumber were needed, the blooU>\ |;I1XMK\ 1 llol -I . mmm latter, from tlioir tnidinp^ and otlicr interests, were naturally friendly with the Frencli, and predisjMjsed to bate tli(! Enf,'lisli. No cfi'ort on the part of French delefji'ates from Canadji was negl(!cted to foment this hatred. Violent haranj^ues were made to them, ffiving accounts of allefj^ed Kn};lisli eruelties, and an otticer, a Count Raymond, in the course of a wild tirachs, referring to what the French called "that horrid affair of 174(»," exclaimed : " Never h-t it lie hlotted from vour memorv, The woollen I'lllNCK's I.OIKU-, OXCK IIIK KKHI UKNI'I-: OV TIIK UUKK ciK KkXI. goods which you bought from the English tra to the informer and one-half to the poor. The option was tliree months' im- prisoiimer.t. Th,' case is recorded of hank Rotunka, oethsitk I'uinck'h ijiiiKiK. one offender who informed on himself, was lined the L'lO, fifravely jiaid hack five, i\nd then was jriven the thirty lashes. If he intended the affair as a ,joke. it evidently did not turn out as he anticipated. A newspajier was started as early as IToi'. the first issiu' liearinff date March 2.'Jrd of that year. It was published l>y .lohu Bushell, al his offici' in (iraflon Street. In it the omnipresent and irrepi-cssilile "nldcst inliiibitiuit " comes calmly to the fore, juul Intbrnw jiii iiiteivsted coiisiitueiicy tliat the wiiiici' Jii.-t (las! was the severest witliiii Ills recollection. So it will be seen that even in the tirst years of its fonndntion Halifax was not without the ann-nities of older established towns, in that it possessed the luxury of an oldest inhaliitant. Nor was it without the ulti(|Uitous newspaiier correspondent, for the lollowin;;' interestinji', not to say uniijue, desiiatch is found in the Hoston Post, under the heading- of Halifax, May .'JOth. IT'il : "On Saturday last was taken within the mouth of the harbour, and on Monday i)rou<,''ht to town, a sea nionstei-, a female of the kind, whose IxKly was about the bifjness of a larj^e ox and somethinji' like one, i'ovcren beiuff ojx'iicd, ajipear to resemble those of an ox or horse. Ir has been on exhibition for several days, and has been viewed with j^'cneral satisfaction." 'J'he iiresumption is that it was a walrus, as years ap) they were sometimes seen in the harbour. The resemblance of the head to that of an alli^-ator probably existed only in the imajirination of the correspondent. Murdoch, the local historian, tells us that the occui)ants of the ."00 house's which formed the town in those days, were cheerful and convivial, afraid of neither Indians nor French, and ready to ^vive "stroke for stroke, blow for blow.'' The expulsion of the Acadiaus, in 17')."), added ^i-j-eatly to the citizens' sense of security. This action of the British (iovernnient, which has f^iven i ise to much controversy, met at the time with the unanimous ajiproval of everybody, except, of course, tiie Acadians themselves and their com- patriots. This historic incident is elsewhere referred to in these pa^-'es. In the Spriufj' of 17r»l over itGOtierman settlers arrived, and the followiiiji' year l.iMii) nmre came, induced to emifjrate by the pronnscs of Georfjc II., which, it is claimed, were never fnitilled. The difficulty of locating them proved a serious one; but tinally, in .June, I7.'t:>, about l.oOO embarked for Marligash y, c a >^*pf-aSstop-j«. harbour, in ^[all()no Bay, whore thoy founded tlie town of Lunenburg, now one of the prettiest, and most prosperous in the I'rovince. Tiie remainder settled in tiie north suburlts of Halifax, and were tiie first to inliabit tliat portion of tli<' peninsula, for many years after known as Dutoii Town. Hali^'oniaus tlien, as now, seemed greatly attracted by tlie metro- politan City of Hoston, and tiie emij^-ration to New iMiH'land was so fyreat t'.iat notwithstandiuH' rejK-ated hirt^e grants of money from the Imiwrial (jiovernmeiit(whieh, by 1757, had expended no less than JCin\0,(M) on the new colony) init little progress was made in clearing the country, while the fisheries were almost altogether neglected. The i)oi)ulation was reduced to less tiian half its original numlu-r, and it lived chiefiy on the moiu'vs cxiM'nded by the. Army ami Navy. Still the settlement, though in some respects not nearly so successful as was exi)ected, was of vast importance to Great Britain as a military and naval station, and to its establishment may, in no small measure, be ascribed the downfall of French dominion in AnuM'ica. In the nu'antinie, war bctweeii France and England had again broken out in all its fury. The prize was the sovei'eignty of a continent and the leail in the Ni'W Woi'ld in UKKlern civilization. Halifax was once more plunged in excitement. In 1757, the comi)ined fleet and army under Lord Howe arrived, soon to be followed l)y Lord Loudon, with f),0(X> provincial troops from New York. Tlie ol)ject of tlu' expedition was au attack on Louisbourg, but the enterprise f'ailetl and I'eturued to England, several of the transports and ships of war remaining to winter in Halifax. The following year 12,0U0 ])rovincial troops from New England, under (Jeiieral Amherst, arrived, and were afterwards joined by Admiral Bo.->cawen. On May IHtli, this armament, ttKllliHK SrilKKT Mahkkt Day. consistiiif? of 2.') Iino-of-1)attlo ships, 18 frif?atos, ami IIT) transports, sailed for Loiiislioui'f;, wliicli, after a stiiblHU-ii sieffe of two inoiitlis, capitulated, wlieii the attackiii}? force returned to Halifax to retit. Tins was a jjcmhI thing for the settlement. Many of the provincial tr(K)ps that had enriched themselves with the spoils of Luuisbourff, houfifht their discharjfe and became settlers in the town. All the ammunition and stores wcu'e removed to Halifax, which was turned into a canij) for the troops. Provisions commanded a hiffh price, con- |:v siderable money was put into circulation, and the ])lace bepm once more to assume a pros]terous ai)pearance. Indeed, the town was not ilestined to lack enlivenment for some time. Both before and after the siejfe of (Quebec it was made the rendezvous of the fleet and army under Wolfe — followiiiff the news of whose victory, we are told, "the town was illum- inated, and fireworks, bonfires, and entertainments lasted several days.'" From the fall of Quebec (17;')'.>) until the close of the war, the harbour was the constant resort of the sipiadron under Lord Colville and others, and the city was made jifay by the presence of a larf^^e continfjent of the army and navy. After the fall of Fort William Henry, in ll'tH, the .Manpiisde Montcalm sent a number of i)risoners, taken at that place, to Halifax, with the benevolent intention, it is charfi'ed, of intriKlucinjif the small-pox into tlii' setllenu'Ut. This (lesij;-n was, however, frustrated. The jjrisonors, chiefly provincial soldiers from tiu- hanks of the Connecticut, half starved and exposed to the cold, either died on the way, or soon recovered. On the other hand, the Fri'iicli in charge of the vessel, taking no precautions, liut indulging in wine and living luxuriously, caught the small-pox them- selves, and nearly all perished. The ship was brought into Halifax by the prisoners. Cm 11(11 n| KMll.AXIl IXMIll IK. Mki.vii.i.k Island amp Piiisox. \VaI|:II KlldXl'. llAI.II AX llAKIIonil. Tlic year I7r>8 is incinoraMc as tliat in wiiicii Kciirt'sciitativc GovcriniH'iit was cstalilislHMl in Nova Scotia, 'i'lic lirst Lcfjislativc Assembly consisted of ninctfcn nicinlicrs, wiio fjavc tlicir services jrratuitoiisiy. All the money in the treasury at the timo was t'2,2<)4 17s. lid., a balance of dutiuel)ec, spoke of it as "that liarl)arous tnetro|iolis whence his •rood subjects of this I'rovince, and the Kinjr's other American dominions, have fjroaned under such continual and unpardonable wronf,''s." The Assembly, in reply, referred to Canada, at the time wholly French, as the '• mother and nurse of the most cruel, savage enemies of these His Majesty's American colonies." In ITi'.O, (}corf;:e 111. came to the throne. The i>r(X'lamation of the youn;;' kiufi' was, we learn, made the occasion of jjreat rejoicinfi'. Amid the boomiufi' of cannon, from the Meet in the harbour and the forts on shore, the document was read in various parts of the city as well as to the troops, who were drawn up on the f^raiid parade. In the. followinfj summer a number of dele}>ates from the Mon(|uash Indians, headed by their chief, Joseph Arffunault, appeared before the Oumcil and sij^ned a treaty of jieace. The members of the Leji'islatnre, ma{,''istratos and i)ublic otlicers were also present. After cxecutiuff the treaty, the Indians were taken to the (Governor's fjardens, where, after a repast, the form of washinj; the war-paint from their bodies was ffone throufi^h with and tlu^ hatchet buried. The ceremony was concluded by all present driidiiuK' the King's health. Halifax at this periul was a prosperous and thriving settlement, Imt from the close of the lYencli war until the beginning of the American Revolution, tlu^ city continued to decline until the population did not exceed :!,()()() all told. Intercourse with the agricultural districts round the Hay of Fundy was greatly retarded by the lack of gocnl roads. There was but little trade done, the tisheries were neglected, and only a small ])ortion of the peninsula on which the city is built had been cleared for cultivation, so that the .settlers practically depended upon New England for all their supplies. Some ett'urt was made to remedy this state of ai ViKW FIliiM TIIK ClTAllKL, LoOKIN'ti TCWAHDK DAHTMciUTII. tliiiifrs, and in 1770 an Act was pfisscd autlidi'i/inj:' a lottisry, to raise t'lJiiM* for tlir inii>n>vcnirnt of mads and tlif construction of liriil,''ini('iitiils, with sword and wpiirs, accordinf,' to an old feudal eustoni in Germany wiien the hist haron of tiie liouse dies and tlie titli' becoiues extinct, 'llie Baron's nionunn'nt and esenteheon may still he seen in the east pillory of the church. The, year 17H;i was an imiiortaut ri}jr inoiintinfjr fourteen fonr-])ounders, and carrvin;:' a crew of 'i"> men, niider Captain (iiMlfre>, enconiitered a l''rencli vessel of sixteen j;'iius and If)") men, and eari'ie;iinlioats, the former mounting' ten six-pounders and two iwe|\e pound carronades. After a strnji'^ile, whi(;li continued for over three honrs, the yniilMiats made off and the schooner was cai)tiired. (i(Klfrey says, in his rept)rt of tln' en;j'a;i'emeiit, " Kvery otlicer oti hoard of lier was killed, exoopt those in comnnind of a partv of twenty-tive soldiers. There were fourteen men dead on her deck when w*! hoarded her, and seventeen woimdecL The prisoiH'fs, iiKdndinf;- the wounded, luimtier seventy-one. My sliijKs coin])any, inclndiiif,'' oflicers and lioys, liy this time anionnted to forty-tive, and liehtived with that spirit which British seamen always show when (iHhtinji- the enemies of their country. I had not a m;in hurt. The enemy lost lifty-foiir. I landed all the prisoners except ei^^iit, taking their olili;iation not to serve aji'alnst His Ma.jesty nntil regularly exchan^^i'd." The Mritish (iovernmeiit ott'ered the ;;allant cai>tain com- mand of a man-of-war, hut he deilined : ;ind, after many adventures, arrived safely in the Rorer t\t Liverpool, where, snl)se(pieiit to the iieace. he disarmed her and liecame a. trader hetweeii that port and the West Indies. Ill 1794, I'rince Kdward, Duke of Kent, a. yoiinji'cr hrother of i'rince William Henry, and father of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, came to Halifax as commaiider-iii-chief of the ji'arrison. He remained ahotit four years, after which he ri'turned to Knji'laiid. His stay in Halifax is elsewhere referrecl to. Ill IT'JCt some i'toO ;\laro(ins were hroii^'-ht here from .Jamaica, and an effort made to utilize them on the fortlHcations. They had been wild anil desperate reliels in tlieir native land; the descendants of old slaves, they had made their liome in the yleiis and caves of the mountains, whence they descended to roh and iiliinder the settlements, laughiiij^'' at all attempts to capture them. Kinally'a numher of Cuiian do^-s were procured to limit tlifiii, iiiul, jiifinnnl iit this, tlic.v iiiiulc siilMiiissioii. On tlicir jirriviil in llalitiix tlu'v were IihI^-ciI in tents iicfir till' citv. lint wfi'f iiftiTwjinls rcniovcd Id I'rcstoii. wlicn- tlicy wrn- lor n linic siii>pnrtt'(l \>y the .laiiKiicfMi ;;n\criiiii('iit. When lliis lid wi i illiilriiwii iiiid tlir\ NM'Tc left to lllclllM'lvcs, llicy were fnlind iii('ii|>!il)l(M>t' s('lt'-sii|iiK)i't. Tlicy filsu siitl'iTt'd severely tVnlll tile enid, illld ilt'ter tlie lfll>se of fllMilU tour yeiirs were sent to SieiTfl Leolie. A few, Imwever, relllililied, illld tlieir de- sceiidfuits iiiiiy still Im- seen round Halifax, espeeially on market da\s, when they conie into town in force. In lHt)8. Koliert Knmiet attempt- ed to I'oHse New York to the H>,''htiiiH' lioiiit, and declared war ayainst (ireat Hritaiii. He wished to lie;;iii ly coii(|iieriiif. Halifax, wliicli he considered could lie done with the aid of 7,IMM) men. Hut the |irojeet failed. In IHll, niisniiderstandin^is hetween(ireatHritainaiultliernited States became more fre(|neiit. Tlie Litfh' Belt, a cruiser mount iiij;' VlKW IN I'l lll.K UA111iK.N>. twi'iily-oiif ;r'"is, wars (lUackcd by the Uiiitt-d StatcH sliip President, forty-four ffuim, and was l)adly daniajfrd, Sh«' put into Halifax fn.- rciiairs. Tln' olUci-rs of tiic J' resident tU-vhinnl tliiit tii«' Little Belt liad roiiiinciiccd the fr;iy, but this was denied, and was not considered at ail lilirates, who made fre(iucnt raids upon the (.'ornwallis valley. Mahone iijiy was the scene of an <'xcitin{; incident. I'ursut-d l)y two British war vessels, the Young Tefizer, an American privateer, ran up tin- bay, and, on the point of beinjf seized, blew uji. It was afterwards discovered that an Kn^'lish deserter on ixiard, fliare in the furiuner, of war, and some four or live subsequently rose to be admirals in the Koyal Navy. Not lunj;- after the war the naval establishment was },'natly reduced, and important dockyard works were removed to Uerniuda, tfreatly to the dissatisfaction of the llaligonians. sv Nii\ A Si'iuAX 1111 iiKii- Willi im I III. CiilMi: V SOITII I'AIIK SlIIKKT. Duriufjr tlio American Civil War, from 18()1 to 18(!5, tlio city was again tiic licadtiuartcrs of a lucrative trade witli its noifylibours to tlie soutli, when tlie foundations of numy a f,''0(xlly fortune were laid. Since then its history has been an uneventful one, of steady cominercial pro^jress. Its manufacturing,', sliippiufr and other interests have ;;ruwn witlitiie i)oi>ulation, and to-day tiiere ar(> few riciier towns of its size on tiie continent. Its people, warm -ilea rted, liospitable and patriotic, view Avitli att'ection and pride the beautiful old city vvhieli has given tliem i)irtli, rejoice in its sure and substantial growth, and look forward with contidenc*! to a l)right and glowing future. DEFENCES AND PORTIFieATIONS. t • Halika.v is, without question, one of the most strongly fortitied cities in tlu^ world, and certainly no place in America approaches Avitliin measurable distance of it in this respect. Year liy year since its foundation have the defences lieen renewed, imjiroved and added to, until the result to-day ih an array of forts and liatteries conmianding every avemie of approach, (irim and tlireateuing. from out the very heart of tlu^ city which nestles below and around It, rises tlu> mighty Citadi'l, a stern and watchful sentinel, keeping unceasing guard over its jieaceful charge. On the right and left of the harl)our, as well as on the islands, which add so much to its beauty, are other fortresses with fnnvning cannon, seaward pointing, ever ready for the enemy who would dare invade. .Models of strength, and as nearly imiiregnable as nuKlern science can make them, they are a never-failing source of ]>ride to the citizen, and of curiosity and admiration to the visitor. II 'Pile first (Ifffiicfs of llalitiix wci'f (if ;i iui»t iiriiiiitivc luitiirc. Tlicy cfnisistcd iihti'Iv nf ;i palisiidc, with bloek-lidiisi's Iniilt of loj^s at cnnvciiifiit intervals. An old niai) of ilic city sliowr, tlic line of palisados; foiiiiiiciiciiif'- on tlio bcacli at about tlir fool of Salter Street, wlieiice it extended to wliere tiie Masonic Hall now stands; tlience to tiie site now occupied i)y St. .Mary"s Catiiedi'al. Knjui the latter the palisaih^ ran on to the Kufi-iueers' barracks, and across the foot of the Citadel to tiie head of iiuckinjihani Street; thence east to Parker's niarket, and (h)\vn to the water's edj^e. This fence stood until al)out 17");i, in which year four liatteries were erected alonji' the beach. 'I'he central one, called Middle or (iovernor's Hatter>. stood wliere the (jMu'cn's wharf now is, directly in front of tlie old (iovernineiit Jluiise, now the site -ti\c feet above tlii' level of tiie sea, and liatl l)attleinents iit the front and at both ends. In 178;{. the Oi-dnauce Vard and the (jiiieen's wharf, tlu'ii swaini)s round the Imtteries, were ajipropriated to their present uses, lilled up and levelled, and the fort iticat ions removed. A battery and ;>'uard-liouse on (Jeorj^-e's lsl;ind were erected alioiit the same time. Drawiufj's of the town, published in 1774 or 1775, sliow fortifications on tlie island, and a small redoubt, with tiafj'-stafi' and f,^uard-liouse. near the summit of the Citadel ; but it was not until the K'evolutionary War that tiie construction of r((;;-ular and permanent works ajipears to have lu-eii liejiun. Citadel Hill seems to liave been for the first time re<;ularly fortified aliont the \earl77S. The summit was then about ejiiht>' feet liiji'lier than it is now. and the woi'ks consisted of an ocfaj^diial wnodeii tower anil block-houses; tile whole encompassed with a ditch and ramparts of earth and wo(m1. with pickets placed tof^-ether slanting' outwards. Helow this and extendini;' do>vn the hill were several outwoi'ks of a similar character. In 177"). a iiatter>' and small block liouse were erected ojiposite tin; old Dutch Church on Hrunswick Street, and another at the extremity of tiie same street, in the field adjoining,'' the present Admiralty grounds ; »■ ■ -. ' at! * --- •? "■ • ;- ' " ' ' y y w " -^—rBi- uinniit |\vcr iiHil -iiiiilfir mirtwifk !•( luiuls ; ai:i I lii\ 111 Cl 1 Y AMI llAllllnI li. tli»> liittor remained until it fell into decay, hut the former was dcmolislu'd in 1783, and the ^^roiind {^ranted to the German parson for a residence. Tlie old wooden fortlHcatioiis on the Citadel were removed by the Duke of Kent, while commander of the {>'arrison. He cut down the hill and constructed ramparts of earth, mountins" five or six };funs at each aiifj^le, surrouiidet. hy a deep ditdi. Willow trees W(;re planted round these rami)ai"ts ajid the whole enclosed with a ]"< 'u\ There were alsf) covered ways and passages leading: into the fort. Towers on (Jeorjfe's Islai'.d, i ■ lU i \ ;< F^ast Hattery, Mauf>-er's Ki-ach anproof barracks with accommoda- tion for a whole regiment. It also contairn stai.ui I'oi- electrical ajiparatus connecting the adjacent forts, a Hag-staff, signal station and a stonn-druni, whicli is u&ed ix give warning of approaching disturbances of the weather. The numerous bastions on the ramiiarts, separated from the glacis by a deep moat, frown with guns of heavy calibre, and command the iipjiroach in every direction. To the casual observer the Citadel gives little sign of life within, and a solitary sentinel marching uji and down the swinging bri;enious arnuiffemont tliey can tell, witliont li-aviii;; their offici-, wlit'ii a vessel is immediately o\er any one ot these, and all that remains for them to do is to toueli a imtton and the ship is reduced to splinters. In addition to all this tiie eity is, and always has heen, a <,''reat naval station. It is the head(Hiartersof the North American and West Indies stimidron of the Hoyal Navy. It is a viee-admirals command, and the flajf- ship, as well as the f^reater portion ot the tieet, remain in the harl)our nearly all summer. While on shore, the admiral on duty resides at Admiralty House, on (Jottinyen Street, in the north end of the eity. It is a plain, substantial residence of stone, eomniandinj,'' a majiiiificent vii'W of the harhour and surround in ji^s, and contains a sif^nal -station, by means of which the admiral communicates with the ships lyiiif? below. It was here that II. li. II. Prhicess Louise resided on her tirst arrival hi Canada. To the north, on the same street, are the Wellinji'ton barracks. These are built of brick, and occupy the whole slope of the hill between ( iottinf,''en and Water Streets. The buildiuffs are very commotlious, and att"ord excellent accomnnKlation for a part of the garrison. The lower rauf^e contains the officers' (puirtere, mess- room, etc., while the uiiper is occupied by the men. .Just below Admiralty House is H. ^l. Naval Yard. The big wall by which it is enclosed was built in 1770. During the two great contests with the United States it was invaluable as a station for the Royal Xavy. JIany trophies of tin- War "f 1H12 were formerly kept there, including the Hgure-head of the American frigate Chesapeake, whose capture by the Shannon is elsewhere related. In IHl.'i it was the scene of a celel)ration to commemorate the battle and signal victorv of Waterloo. 4T <«» MILITARY AND NAVAL DLM0NSTRATIONS, The oxtoiisivc luilitiiry mid luival niaimiivn's df wliicli llalit'jix is cvitv suiiiiikt tlii' simmic, arc a never failiiifj^ source of interest both to tiie eitizen and the visitor. To the latter, more esjieeially. tliey possess all tlie eharni of novelty, as nowhere else on this continent, and for that niiitter in very few phices in the world, are such settles to be witnessed. Iniafjine a brifflit .Inly niorninfj with cloudless sky and fresh. ]iuie air scented with tlie breath of the broad ocean. On the blue waters of the harl)our. riiijiled l>y the lijj^lit inorniiiff breeze. Her Majesty's men-of-war are (juietly resting'. Presently tlic shrill call of a boatswain's whistle riiif^'s out. The crews swarm up the rijif^iny, sails are loosed, anchors raised and a stately fleet of war-ships sail majesti- cally down past the city and out to sea. ""War" has been declared, and when they return it will be as enemies to capture and bombard the town. The militia is called out, lookouts are stationed at every point of view, and the whole {ifarrison is on the alert, awaitinjr the attack. AVhen or where it will commence no one knows but the admiral in command. The submarine and torjiedo engineers are l)nsy all day layinjr surface mines and seeinfr that the sunken mines already laid are in workin},'' order. Nifjlit steals on and the enemy have not yet come. l'erhai)s they will avail themselves of the friendly darkness, and under its cover attemi)t to creej) up past the forts. To jjrevent this uncea.;;^' watch is kept. Now and tlieii a brijrht search li^fht flashes out from one of the forts and illumines the sea for miles. First in one direction then in another it is thrown, but on the bosom of the silent deep no huge monster of war looms up. Only some peaceful trader makins; harljour is discerned, her startled crew wondering whence came the brighc glare that for a second enveloped them, and then disappeared as suddenly as it came. Thus the night passes while the city slumbers. But at daybreak a change comes. The booming I'l iu.h; (i.vnuh.Ns Ill' cfiiiMnii at V(irk Hcdoiibt .iiinimiices tluit tlic attack Iiuh In-giiii. 'riicii tliL-rc is m scnunliliii;;' (nit of licit, a luiiTicd (Iri'ssinj,--, and a rush for flic lu-ij^lits of tlic! Citadel and tlie shore at Point I'lciisiiiit to sec the fun. lOxeitinK' as ai'c tiic naval uiann.'iivi'es, the military rcvic'NVs and shiini-(i;;l:ls on the (Nminion in rear of the (Mladcl arc scarcely less interesting;, and draw crowds of s|icctatoi's ; while the yearly ret;inienl;il sports, jicncfally held on the KTounds at the Wellington Harracks, and o)M'n to the jinlplic, atl'ord an exinliilion of athletics not elsewhere to l)o seem in this part of the world. PLACGS or INTQRGST, ft Am(pN'(; the jilaccs of interest not mentioned in the forcf^'oinj;' panics, the churches of ihe ('ity lake l)roniinci\t raid<. Ilali^ninians have alway.s been Ji cliurcii-jidin>i' people. One of the lirst niidcrtakin^is of the infant colony was the erection of a jilace of worship, and in the oriw'inal jlan of the town one sipiare was reserved as its site. The frame and other liuildiiif;' materials were imported from Boston, and the I'ditice com- pleted in IT'jO; Divine service lieiiiK' celebrated there for the lirst time on Seiitembcr L'nd of Ih.at yi;ir. The design Avas furnished by the Imiierifd (iovcrnment, and was jin exact co]>y of that on which St. i'dei's, \'ere Street, London, w;is built. The new church was named St. i'aul's, and is today tiie oldest Imild; ig of any importance in the city. It stands on a commanding site, facing the (irand Parade, and for many >'cars was used by successive bishops as a cathedral. In ISIl' it was enljirged by an addition to the north end and a steei)lc erected, in which Was placed a chime of three bells, donated by Mr. Andrew Heiciicr, son of (iovcrnor Melclier, and father of the late Admiral Sir Joseiih Hclchcr. St. Paul's is rich in niund tablets, richer than any M #--«l„ iWi*^^^wH ."W^- ^r** '\f\Z -J^ V .^«^^ ic^f^M^ ••'i SeillllN (IK Cll'V .\M> ClTAliKI. Illl.l,. church in Cimada it is said, lor many distinguisiied nu-n sleep their last sleep within the shelter of its protecting walls. On the corner of Gerrish and Brunswick Streets the "Little Dutch Church," another relic of olden times, still stands. It was built in 1755, by private subscription, supplemented by a grant of £47 from the Govern- ment, and was at Hrst used as a school-house. Later, a steeple was added, and in 1761, tiie date it beai"s, it was consecrated as a church for the use of the Lutherans who came to Halifax in 1851-2. Some years after, however, its congregation was merged with that of St. Geor^^e's, and the old church reverted to its original character. The grounds WHrc formerly used as a cemetery, and still contain many time-worn, weather-stained tomb-stones, bear- ing records of the death of early German settlers. The building has been kept in good repair but has not been altered in any way. It remains to- day just as it was when erected. It is, per'iaps, the smallost of existing churches. The principal church of the Presbyterian body in Halifax is St. Matthew's, on Pleasant DAI.H0-JS1K CoLi.K.iK. g^j.^^j^ „,.,^j. Spj-jng (janlcu Road. The front is of freestone, and the sides of Inlck, covered with mastic, in imitation of stone. The main entrance is surmounted by a massive t^quare turret with elegant i)lnnacles, from the centre of which rises a tall spire. The church possesses considerable claim to architectural beauty, and was erected in 185!l as a suc- cessor to the old St. Matthew's or Mathers cliureh, which was destroyed by tire in 1857. The ground for 5:! tlie original edifice, •wliicii Wiis Iiuilt very sliortly after St. Paul's, was assigned by Governor Cornwallis in 1749. On Spring Garden Road, opi)08ite the old English burying-ground, is St. Mary's K. C. Cfitiiednil. It is a handsome structure with beautiful granite fa(;ade, and is deemed one of the finest chureiies in Canada. Its tall white spire glistening in the sun is perhaps the tii*st sight to greet the incoming traveller from the mouth of the harbour. It was erected on the site of the "old St. Peter's," the fii-st Koman Catholic Churcii in Halifax. The latter, at the time, was removed to Dartmoutii and is still in use, shortly to be replaced, liowever, by m more commodious structure. St. Patrick's K. C. Ciiurch on Brunswick Street, at the north end, has an interesting history. It was originally built by a Methodist lay preacher, was afterwards used by tiie Government as a military chapel, and finally was purchased by the Koman Catholics, who, some few years ago, tore down the old building and erected a handsome new edifice of brick and stone, capable of accommodating a large congregation. The R. C. Church of "Our I^ady of Doloui-s," in tiic cemetery of the Holy Cross, possesses tlie uni(iue distinction of having been built from the foundation to the roof-tree in one day. The sight must have been t\ novel one. The Rt. Rev. Dr. Walsh, the then R. C. IMshop of Halifax, had called upon the congregation to assist in the erection of the church, and we are told that at half-past seven on the morning of August .Slst., 1843, the day fixed upon, "crowds of all degrees, sexes and jjrofessions, gathered round St. Mary's church, anxious to exhibit the readiness with whicli they were prepared to answer tlic call of 'eligion. " Headed by the bishop, they marched in procession to the cemetery and accomplislied their purpose. It was certainly a good day's work, and little wonder that Halifax felt proud of itself, for the whole town was interested, and the Catholics were not without helpers from the other denominations. The city then, as now, was charactei'izcd by a complete absence of bigotry, and the harmony that has always existed between the followers of the different sects and creeds might be imitated with advantage in other cities on this continent. The parish church of St. George, C. E., commonly called the " Round Church," stands embowered in a 53 fyrovo of bciuitit'ul sluade trees at the corner of Cornwallis and Brunswick Streets. It is Imilt of wood and was erected in the year 18<)0. There are Hot a few traditions to account for its peculiar sliape ; one, that tiic Duke of Kent was partial to round huildinjjfs : another, tliat tiie old Germans who lars;uly assisted in its construction, made tlieir churdi round in order tiiat tlie devil, who loves to lurk in corners, mifjht find liiniself without a hidiiifif-place in this sanctuary. He that as it may, the edifice is a handsome and commodious one. and has well withstood the sicg-e of time. Tlie Garrison Chapel, a plain sulistantial wooden structure, in an open field, at the corner of ("ojrswell and Brunswicks Streets, is sure to attract the attention of the visitor. As its name implies, it was erected for the convenience of the g'arrison, and every Sunday morniiif'' crowds collect round it to watch the troops from the different barracks mai'cli in, in uniform, acconi|ijinied by a full military band. The service of son^'- in the church is also led by the band. At the evening? service, however, excej)! on special occasions, the oryan alone is used. In all filer*! ar<' forty churches jind chapels in Haliliix, beinji' neai'ly one to ever>' thousand of the l^opiilation. and most of Miem would well repay a visit. They are classilied as follows: Chuirli of Kn^-'land, twelve; Presbyterian, eight: .Methodist, seven: Baptist, six; Iv'oman (,'atliolic, six: and Univcrsalist, one. The Young Men's Christian Association own a handsome and imiiosing structure on the corner of Granville and I'rince Streets, 'i'lie (Mnircli of England Institute and the St. Mary's Young Men's Total Alistiiience iind Benevolent Association's Hall, both on Barrington Street, twc lu-w and Hue buildings of brick and stone, coii- tiiining rending rinnns, billiai'd liidls, etc, The Sr, Patrick's branch of the latter society also own a handsome litill ;it the nortJiei'ii end of the same street. l>ailiousie College was founded by the I'arl of Dalhoiisie in 18lM. 'Phe original endowment was derived from funds collected at the port of ('astine, Miiine, during its occupation, in ISl 1. liy Sir .lohn Sherln'ooke, then liieutenant-(iovernor of Xova Scotia. It formerly stood on the site of the jiresent City Ihill. Th<' beautiful building now occupied by the re is situated in the south-western part of the city, fronting on Morris i{ol lie, and College Streets. 'Phe site is a commanding one, and tlie college is one of the first objects to __ iii i^_i ^rA,''Dii4^ ^f -.^Jjf^V^-S^A^J*- \U.W I llciM I 111. Cl lAHI-.l.- Ul:cilli.l-.'> iM AMP. attract tlie attention of the passeiifj^cr on an inward bound vofsi'l. The institution is ricidy endowed, and tlie course of study, aelcnowledfj^ed tlie best in tlie Jfaritline Provinces, will comiiare very favourably with the chief universities in (j)uebec and Ontario. Among other noteworthy educational institutions are : The Sacred Heart Convent, beautifully situated in spacious {■(•rounds on Siirinff (!arden Hoad, opposite the Public Gardens ; the Ladies' J'resbyterian Collejii'e, on I'leasaiit Street, a coniniodious and handsome building recently erected and admirably conducted : the (Convent of the Sisters of Charity at Mount St. Vincent, on the shores of Bedford Basin, at itockinghani. The latter is a large and elegant editiee of brick and stone, coninianding a niagnilicent view of the Basin and surrounding country, with extensive and well-kept park and pleasure grounds. The School for the Blind, one of the most complete and best managed institutions of its kind on the continent, and the Deaf and Duml) Institute on (iottingen Street, are also notable attractions. .\mong the more important charitable and benevolent institutions, of which Halifax is said to contain more than any city of its size in America, an- the City and Proviiicial Hos])ital. the City I'oor House, Home for the Aged, Protestant Orphan's Home, Industrial Schools (Protestant and K'oman Catholic), St. Paul's Alms House, H. C. Orphans' Home, Visiting Disiensary. and a luimber of eleemosynary societies such as the St. Vincent de Paul's, St. (ieorge's. North British, Cliarital le Irish, etc. The Halifax Club, on llollis Street, and the City Club, on Barringtoii Street, are both fine buildings, ar.d tiie resort of the elite of the male jiortion of the community. (iovernment House, on Pleasant Street, the resider.ce of the I.icutenant-(;overnor, is one of the oldest buildings in the city. Its jt'rection was begun alimit the year IHOO. and it was first occupied by (Jovernor Sir .lohii AVentwortli, in 180'). It was, however, still iiieoinplete, and grants were re(|uire(l from year to year to finish the building and enclose it in a substantial manner ms it imw exists. The first (iovernment House stood in the centre of the scpiare now occupied by the Province Building. It was erected soon after the town was laid out, and was a small, low. wooden structure snrroiiiided by hogsheads of gravel and sand, on which a number of small caniiiui were mounted for its defence. In 17.")7-H, this little cottage was razed, and a more spacious residence Ituilt bv (iovernor Lawrence. The latter structure was in its turn removed, to make wav for the Province Hiiil(liii}i\ jiiid tlic niiitcnjils of wliicli it wjis comiJOi^cd used in tiio fonstructioii of a (hvcllinj>- liousc on Tower Rood, iiftcrwards ot'cni)i('d by ("olonci Kjil^'-jizcttc Tiic ('xistiny' {yuhernntorial residence is a niiisisivc Imiidin^: of freestone, Idackened witli t\^i', and is one of tlie sifjiits of tlie city. Its present occiipjints, His Honour Lieu- tenant-Governor and Mrs. Daly, the latter a daujiliter of the late Sir Edward Kenny, arc extn'Uiely popular. The Province Huildinj;-, erected, as has lieen said, on the site of the old (iovernnient House, wasconnnenced in 1811, the cornerstone lieinjj laid on the 12th of Aufi'ust in that year liy Sir (!eorfi-e I'rcvost. It is Imilt of l>rown freestone. The oriifinal cost was a little over iNI'KllCdl.oSlAl. UaH.HoaK UlM'cir. Perhaps the finest puhlic linildin^ in tlu' Lower Provinci •SL'OO.OOtt, and up to IS.'iO it was considered the finest liuildiny in Nortli America. It is still the admiration of visitinji- architcpts, as soi.n<' of its halls are of f the Italian Renaissance, and with its elaborate earviii}; is the most profusely decorated liuildinK' in the city. It is four storeys liijirh with a pitch roof and a cupola risinj; out of tlie c(!ntre. Tlic Court House is another larjBfc and ornaniental structure of freestone. It is situated on Bprinj? (Jarden Road, at the southern termination <)f (irafton Street. The new City Hall is a handsome ston(> editicc, froTitin>r on the Grand I'arade and facinfj: old St. Paul's. The one with its century-and-a-lialf of years, the other the ^rowtli of yesterday ; l>oth clialleuffe the attention and admiration of the sijyht-seer. The Nova Scotia Hospital for the Insane is on the eastern side of the harbour, l)elow Dartmouth. It is a luijfe huildinj;' of hriclx (WK) feet lony'. iind was creeted at a cost of 8'>n(»,(MHl. The average numlier of patients is about four liundred. Tiie Dry Docls, adjoiniuj;' H. M. Naval Yard, is souiethinj; of which Haligonians may Justly feel proud. It is constructed of fi'ranite and concrete, built in the solid rock, and is larfje enouj^'h to accomuiodate any vessel afloat. It is I'll.S feet loujif, and 102 feet wide at the top, and ;'>'.K3 feet long, 70 feet wide at the bottom. It is seldom idle, and one is almost sure to Mud there some big vessel undergoing repairs which will tit her for further mission on the deep. The Kish Market, north of (jiiieeii's wharf, with its stock of glistening salmon, cikI, halilmt, haddock, mackerel, herring, cusk, whiting and a dozen other varieties of the tinny trilie, att'ords a spectacle of never- failing delight to the epicur<-. To tiie student of liuman nature also it is not without interest, for \ui\t in the early morning are gathered "all sorts and cduditions of men." The wealthy citizen who trusts nolxxly hut himself to decide as to the 'MVeshness of the gills or the elasticity of the tail,'' Jostles ell)ows with his poorer l)rother of the work-shop. There, too, is tlie regimental mess-man, the gun-room steward from tin- Dock Yard, the gentleman's servant, the boarding-house keeper, the shrewd housewife intent on a bargain, and perhaps a "coloured lady" from I'restoii, who bears away in triumph the head of ;i cod or halilait. wliich in most jiarts of the world would be considered a \)\\y.v of the choicest, but is sold here for a mere soug. The (Jreeu Market, near by, on Wednesday and Saturday niorii'iigs, is anotln'r point of attraction. It shoidd bv all means i)e visited. ,\ writer thus descril)es the scene • "From the couiurv settlement^ east and runi.ic Gaiiukns. wtist tliey cDiiU! ill liorse-CJU'ts, (ix-tcanis itiid on Coot. Tlioro nn l)utcli woincn, from aloiif? the eastorn shore, witli Uu'ir baskets of grwn croiw, which liavc been iioiirislied on the purest ozone and the richest sea-kelp. Tiiere are Blue-nosed women, broad and iiigii eoloured, fearh>ss alike of wind and weather, as they drive their loaded teams by niffht over rouf,'!] and loiuMy roads to reach tiie earliest Dartmoutli ferry-boat. They oH'er, witii a friendly smih; on tlieir weather-beaten visages, primrose butter, perdu under eool cabbagt' leavc's, and pearly eggs, food for tlie g(Kls. There are lank-limbed eountrymen, clad in rough grey homespun, standing beside their loads of vegetables or salt niar.-ih hay — not keen and shrewd like New England farnnu's, hut bashfully eourteous of speeeli, witli the soft lisp of the (iernian father land on their tongues, or the burr of their Scottish ancestry. Here are a couple of French women, each witli a basket of knitted goods on her arm. Contrast the witluiied and yellow grandame, her grizzled hair bulging in a roll above her bushy eyebrows, lier claw-like hands plying lier knitting-wires, with the fresh yming girl by her side, whose arch black eyes sparkle from out her smooth olive face, and her white ti'etli display themselves in full force as we ting<'r the huge mittens in her basket. Old and young alike are habited in l)lue or black handkeiehiefs tightly knotted under the chin, loose blue Jackets with napkin shawls folded over them, and short woollen skirts. Scores of them ha\e been on the road all night, covering the twenty-six miles from Cliezz(^tcook on foot, their lingers busily plying the knitting needles all the way. There sipiats a iii'gro matron on the pavement, her clouted feet stretched before her in utter disregard of passers-by, a short I)lack pipe between her ])endulous lips. Her layers of rags clothe her like the fungi of a dead tree; her ]iadded IkmkI is I'asliionetl to fulfil the office of a saddle for her load. She has luscious wild strawberries in little birch-barks, which shc^ offers you in an unctuous falsetto, stutting her pipe into her bosom the better to over-haul her store for a fresh one. You pause in your bargain as you wonder whether her teeth hulled the tempting fruit ! The 'noble red man ' and his s(|uaw also attend market. There they stand, a degenerate pair, clad in tlu' cast-off clothes of the white man, their merchandise consisting of Hag and willow liaskets gaily dyed, and an occasional porcui)ine- (|nill box.'" fli Tlio North-Wt'st Ann, foi'iufrly ciillcd SHiidwicJi riviT. must he seen tn lie approciatcd. Its ricldy wouled biiiiks ; its tfmcefiil windings ; its siicitcn-d coves and little liradiands ; its clusters of beautiful residences, with well-trimmed lawns sloping down to the beach ; its fleet of pleasure l)oats, their white sails gleaming as they merrily cleave the bright blue watei-s, ail tend to render it one of the juettiest spots in the world. "If," a visitor writes, "one would feast his (^yes on a i)rospect not easily forgotton, let him climb the hill which over- looks the Arm on the western side, and enjoy it at his ease in the rustic summer-house that has been perched there by Saudford Fleming, tlxs great (Migineer." At the head of this arm of the sea is Melville Island, wh(>re prisoners of war were formerly kept, now used as a military prison, and near the month are tlu^ massive iron rings JM'tween which, in the old troublous war times, heavy chains w(U"e stretched from bank to bank to bar tiie passage of the enemy. In every direction are delightful bits of scenery, siieltered nofiks aniliiy of notieint; any hut the more important, 'i'he tourist is cordially invited to come and see for hiuiself, and is assured that iu" will not ref^ret an acceptance of the invitation. Nor will he lack fioixl hotel aceonimodal ion, fear as to the <|Uality of which, and pei'luips not without reason, has in foi-nier >('ars kept many a ■would-he visitor from these hospit- able shores. The Halifax of to-day pos.;'sses not one l)Ut many hostelries well <'iiuipped with every convenience for the comfort and pleasure of its {j-uests, and that at more reasonalile rates than, as a rule, are elsewhere obtained, 'i'he most popular, perhai)s, is The (()ueen, on llollis StrcM-t, recently reliited and under able innnaffemeiit. PRINCG'S L0DGB. 1 1 11. li. 11. I'rlnce l-klward, Duke of Kent, father of 11. M. f^iueen N'ictoria, came to Halifax, in 17'.' I, as commander-in-chief of the f^'arrison. A strict disciplinarian, he tolerated neither dissipation nor idleness. an and waterfall adorned tlie pjirk, and. even at the i)resent day, neglected and run wild as it is, the spot is a most beautiful one. Of the hnlge itself nothing now remains but a few traces of the foundations and a small round building, formerly the band-house, which luis been kept in go'xl repair. The following, from .Judge Haliburton's "Clockmaker," gives a vivid picture of the place as it Inoked some twenty-five years or so after the Prince's de])arture, and will also serve to show the kindly remem- brance in which His Koyal Highness was held by the citizens of Halifax, to whom he was ever afl'alile and courteous and by whom he w.-is greatly beloved : " It. " I^-dfurd Basin, says Sam Slick, •' is an extensive and magnificent sheet of water, the shores of which are deeply indented with numerous coves and well-sheltered inlets of great beauty. At a distance of stn-en miles from the town is a ruined Uxlge, built by His Hoyal Highness, the l;ite Duke of Kent, when commander-in-eliief of the forces in the colony, once his favourite summer residence, and the s^'cne of his splendid hospitalities. It is impossible to visit this spot without the most melancholy feelings. The tottering fence, the prostrate gates, the ruined grottoes, the long winding avenues, cut out of the forest, overgrown by raidi grass and occasional shrubs, and the silence and desolation that pervades everything :<11 bespeak a rapid and premature decay, recall to mind the untimely fate of its noble and lamented owner, and tell of fleeting jileasurc and the transitory nature of all eartiily things. Ihit this is the only ruin of any extent in Xova Scoti;t, aid the only spot either associated with royalty or set ai'art and consecrated to solitude or decay. The stranger pauses at a sight so unusual and in(|uires the cause ; he learns, with surprise. tli;it this place was devoted exclusively to ' plcisure,' that care and sorrow never entered here ; and that the voice of mirtli and nuisic was alone heard within its gates. It was the temporary •IT Mil.i lAiiv I'iMsiix, Mi;i,vi[,i,i-: Isr.Axl', Xoii riiWKsr AliM. abofle of a prince— of one, too, liad lie lived, wlio would iiave inlierited tlie tirst and fairest emjiire in tlie world. The affectionate ronicmbranee tliat we retain of its lamented owner may have sidded to my re{i:ret and increased the interest I felt in the lonely and peculiar ruin. In the Duke of Kent the Nova Scotians lost a kin-, in Halifax is in the niiiin Hriri.^li : in the l'rii\ini'e at largi' it is fur the niust part l''rencii. WIhmi we say this we refer, of coinse, to the early hi-*tory of Nova Scoria, I/Acadie of the l-'i-eneii kings, Henry IV., fiouis XIII., and le (irand Moiiar(|ue. With tln^ early years of the seventeenth cciitni-y France 0]>ened th(^ eventful era. of lier eoloni/ation in the New World by founding a Huguenot settloment in the Hay of Fuudy. In HiDI, De Monts" fleet entered the lijisin of Annapolis, and at the liead of its beautiful waters I),' I'outrincourt secured a grant of llie region, erected a fort on it, antl called it Port K'oyal. Here, two years afterwards, he was joiued by the iii>torian, Ticsearbot, while Champlain was also among the tirst (ixjilori'i's of Acadia before proceeding to (^)u<'liec to found ilie b't'eueh <;olony on tlie St. Lawreni'e, Tlie fnuuding uf this ^B^'%i^^'1 ■ ,* In ^^ 1 'i. '" . "'.fV, ■'■' ■ *\. Ill V "^M Ml iw / \ a 1 Mr- 1 ^ ry-*->' ^>^- ^fclt. \ Mkn at Quarters on British Man-of-War. outpost of France in Acadia at once roused the i.c of the British colonists all down the Atlantic seaboard, from Massachusetts to Virginia. In 1G13, Argall swooped down upon Port Hoyal witli his Virginian levies and laid the French post in the dust. This was tlie beginning of the hundred and fifty years' fateful struggle between France and Britain in North America, a struggle which ended only with the fall of (Quebec and the triumph of British arms in the New World. After the Argall expedition the whole of Acadia was granted by .James I. of England to Sir Wm. Alexander, a Scottish noble, who gave it its title of Nova Scotia. Later on, Charles I. created the Order of Earoncts of Nova Scotia and parcelled out the Province in feudal fashion ; but ephemeral were the Fnglish- speaking settlements founded at this time. In 1082 France regained its hold upon the region, and now began the long feudal wars of the rival I'Yench governors. La Tour and D'Aulnay, with the romantic and sometimes tragic incidents that marked the fratricidal contest. In this period of strife Port Hoyal was more than once to suffer, not only from the foi-ays of the Lord of La Tour (St. .John), but from the descents of the New England colonists upon the place. In lOf)-! it was also visited by a fleet sent out from England by the Protector, Oliver (Jromwell, but though the post was taken it was not long held by Britain. Towards the close of the century the fortress again fell before a New England contingent, under Sir Wm. Phips, but the fortunes of war, in IG'JT, once more placed it in the hands of France. In 1707 and in 1710, Port Royal was further harried by .Massachu-setts troops : on the latter occasion the garrison surrendered and were all deported to France, while the name Port Royal was changed to Annapolis, in honour of Queen Anne. Three years later (in 1713), the Province was formally ceded to Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht. For full forty years after this transfer to Britain, French enmity made Acadia the scene of irritating race- turbulence and strife. Into the hapjiy Arcady, where nature smiled on the fair fruit-fields recovered from the sea by the labour of humble French peasants, there entered the slimy serpent of disaffection, beguiling the would-be honest people from their new allegiance. From the position, at least, of neutrals, in the contest going on elsewhere between British and French arms, priestly machination turned the Acadian peasantry into 71 trfjicliui'uus iiiul iiifilij;ii)\iit fufs. 'I'o iiricst.l^' iiitolcrimcf was niUli'tl Indian liatc, and liotli Merc actively fomented by race Jealousy, oixTatinj^' from tiic Car-otl' l)ase of disatfi-etion in tiie l-'rencii colony at (lUiclicc. When clemency and forlu-a ranee could no lonji'iT stand the stiviin, tiie Knjiiish ( iovernor and tlie Council of tlie Colony reluctantly issued, at llalil'ax, the ;;i'indy repressive edict of ex|iulsioii. This occuri'ed in 17.')"), wlien the entire Krencli population of the Province (sonic 7,01)1) in iiumliei'i, ■was s(Mzed, put on shipboard, and deported. The alien Acadians were taken by suri)rlse, their villages and. holdings given to the thunes, and the smiling land everywliere made desolate. The tragic event has given to the poet Longfellow the theme of one of the most exquisite narrativi' poems in the langu;ige. ri'.luckily it is a sentimental luietic version, not a trustworthy historical narrative, as Mr. I'arkman and the local annalists of the I'rovince almndantlx testify. There can be no ([uestion ;[< to the severiiy of the measure and tlie hai'rowing incidents attending its execution : but confiscation and enforced exile were, unhappily, the sole cure, and these were cmjiloyeil reluctantlv ami oid\' as a last resort. Whatever military Justilication there was for the action of the luiglish Cnuncil at Halifax, the poet has rightly or wrongly, given us a i)ieturc so tender and pathi'tic of the dire oceurri'iice as will not only pass into, litei'iimre, but nnike the beautiful meadows of (iraiid i'n'' ;i shrine for ail time. ■• Many a wear.y vrar has |iiisseil since the limnini;- of (irauil Vvr. When oil tlie I'ldlin;; tidr tlie fivitiiited vessels (Ipparreil. • Beiiriiiii- a nation, with all its li(iu. customar\- route is by steamer to Hawkesbury, on the Strait of Oanso, thence, by way of the Bras D'or lakes, to Sydney, and on by rail to Louisbourg. This most interesting place is now all but "a deserted village," but it has a richly storied past. France early took advantage of its fine harbour as a naval dejiot in the New Woi-ld for operations against her hereditary British foe and the colonies of the Atlantic seaboard. The fortress was begun in 1720, and it toak twenty y<'a.r.s, and over thirty million livres from the royal treasury, to complete the citadel and its defences. The fateful history of Louisbourg is comprised within the years 1745-1708. In 1715 British colonial proMcss won a signal victory. In that year the New England legislatures organized an expedition to attack it with all the sternness of a Puritan crusade. The military command was assigned to Col. Wm. ]'epi]erell. The colonies supplied an army of some 1,(300 men, with the necessary transports, and this force was aided by the mother country's AVest Indian fleet, under Commodore Warren. After a vigorous sieg(! and a protracted boml)ardment, the stronghold surrendered, an equivalent, it was observed by contemporary historians, for all the successes of the French upon tlu^ European continent. The fall of Louisbourg was so keenly felt by the French Government that, in the following year, it sent out a formidable Armada to retake it, but the expedition m proved unsiiccossful, and unsuccessful also was a second expedition, tiie latter lici?i;^' routciil l>y a Hritisii Heet before it liad {jone far on its mission. In 17H) the War of tiie, Austrian Succession l)einy ended, Cajie Breton was restored to France, and witli it tlie ^'reat fortress. Witli tiic renewed outin-ealv, in 17;')"), Louisbourg was once more tlireatened, butnotliing iieyond a blocl^ade by tlie Knglisli fleet was achieved. Three yeai's afterwards, Britain roused herself for a mighty ett'ort, and there appeared before Louisbourg Boscawen's great licet and the invincible army of Andierst and Wolfe. The incidents of the memorable siege that followed need not detain us. On tin; iJCith of .July, 17"))^, Louisbourg surrended, a i)rrlude to the greater victory of next year at (^»uel)ec. The capitulation included nearly ('•,00u French, with 2'M\ pieces of artillery and immense military stores. The place was dismantled 1(\- the British, and to-day the tooth of Time mocks war's pride and the ambition of luitlons. Tlie Piilillshei' ftiul tlie KiUtorof " Ii.i.i?sthatkii Hai.ikax " UfkiioHledtre tlieii- indi-liti'dness to Mr. Wll.l.lAM XdTMAn tor tlie excellent photosTriijilis made use of in the eiifrravings lor tills volume. rrintlnjr and Hlndiiif; liy Messrs. Davis & Uf.nhkiiso.n. hi Hay St., Toronto, (Hit. l*a|)er supplied by Messrs. Alstin & Kohkrt.sox, Montreal, yue. Illmiilnated Cover by Tohoxto Lithouhai'HINo Comi'Axv, Toronto, Out, Pliotog^ravuivs by Hahhv C. Joses, Xew York Pliotogravure Co . X Y. JJcCONNIFFS GEM SOUVENIRS OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE DOMINION. JSline of Canada B Metropolitan CftieB IlluBtrated Now Ready-in Cover Ready for Mailing Price, 75 Cts. Each Illustrated Quebec, ihi ghhaliah and Toumsrs meoca of /imshica Illustrated Toronto, the queen gitv of the wtsi. Illustrated Halifax, the gahihson cuv bv ihe se» Illustrated St. John, ihe loyalists cuv. Illustrated Montreal, the methopolis of Canada. Illustrated Vancouver, golden gate of the pacific. Illustrated Ottawa, the capital of canaoa. Illustrated Victoria, city of the sett.no sun. Illustrated Winnipeq, the phospehous pmahhe city. 'I'Ik? Duiuiiiioii of Ciiiiiidii has ii torritoriiil |inssessioii o\\{ of wliiili tiu! Old World would foiiii a scoii; of kiuju'doins. ImkIi section of tho fair l>oiniiiion jiosscs.scs its ciiii-f cil.v. to wliirli it is tfilnitaiy. and loiind wiiirli rliistci's all tlint is iiitt'icstiiiy: in tlio local liistovy. From tlic whole may lie jLcathei'ed the stoi'y of the national life. Tho aim of tho liiildisher of the "Ooni Souvenirs of thi^ thief Cities of the Dominion"' has liecn to repiodiao a sei'ies of nni(|iie art hooks, suited to the wants alike of citi/en and toniist. Kach will he found to (Mnhody the |irinci|ial incidents in the civil' and |iroviiicial annals, with a t;ia|ihic, skot(di of the to|iojiia)diic and pictorial feiitni-es of the city descrihed. The sevcial works have Ijoen snperhly illnstrated and niado attractive to tiio lover of artistic hook-nnikinjj;. Special interest has boon j:;iven to tho historical (dia|itors, as wtdl as to those dealin^r with the institutions. ( Imrches, and all places of local resort in and ahont the environs of eacdi I'ity. The enterprise is purely Canadian, and considering; the lahonr and expense incurred in the preparation of the series, the piihlisher trusts that his efforts may meet with the p'lierous support of every intelli.Lcent and patriotic Canadian. The hooks contain no advertisements; they are sold on their merits. Kach work has heeii prepared hy a w(dl-known Canadian writer, and is on sale liy the local hooksellers in each citv and liv JOHN Mf-CONNIFF. Pubi.ishhr, ji UNION III. KIM ACI-NCV. - - - UllTlNDA. WINhSOK IIOTll. ALL THE ABOVE PUBLICATIONS ARE COPYHIQHTED. MON 1 RKAI.. i'<>l>\T\ghi>A \y'M, hy (i. rrnk-riuk kHiktiutT, N<'M Vuik. WiNDSOU lIolKL, MoNTHKAI,. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Halifax by Moonlight. Halifax, from Spire of St. Mary's Cathedral. Vignette frontispiece. Point Pleasant Park. Public Gardens — 4 views. Halifax, from George's Island. Entrance to Citadel. Court House. P(jst Oftico. Academy of Musiic. Merchant's Bank. Moat and ]'\)rtiHcatioiis of the Citadel. St. George's Church. St. Paul's Church. St. Matthew's Church. Old Dutch Church. St, Luke's Cathedral. St. Mary's Cathedral. North-West Ann (1 and 2). Halifax Club, Holiis Street. The (irand Falls, near Dartmouth. The Harbour, from George's Island. The Gate, Entrance to Public Park. ikidford Koad. Ceniral Avenue, Public Gardens. Old Province Building. Govornment Hor.se, I'rinc-'^'s I/xige. Baiid Kotumia, opi)osite Prince's Ixxlge. R. N. Dock Yards (1 and 2). Wellington Barracks. Geor.f^e Street, Market Day. Church of England Institute. Melville Island and Prison. Water Front, Halifax Harbour. View from Citadel. Custom House. Exhibition Buildings. County Academy (High School). Deaf and Dumb Institute, Monument to Nova Scotian OHicei-s. South Park Street. Section of City and Harbour. Looking up the Arm, from old Chain Battery. Cow Iia> . Summer House at Point Pleasant. Ladies' College. Section of City and Citadel Hill. Dalhousie College. View from the Citadel — (jeorgc^'s Island. Launching the .loggins' Raft. A View of tiie City and Harbour. Intercolonial \h^['.,ond Dejiot. H. M. S. "C.iada" Entering Dry Dock. H. M. S. "Canada" in Drv D«K'k. H. M. S. " B(dleropho.i " Fla^; Ship. New City Hall. North-West Arm, fror* J'^orse-Shoe Island. Convent at Mount St. Vinci-nt. Militfiry Prison, Melvillf Island, N. W. Arm. .Men at t^uarters on British Man-of-War. Head of the Brrnik, North-West Ann. The Land of Evangeline and its Heroine, The Queen Hotel, Halifax. Windsor Hotel, Montreal. ■M