IMAGE EVALUATSON TESV TARGET (MT-3) /A Wj /. w. -^ 1 1.0 ■UUu I.I 1.25 1.4 IM 2.2 12.0 1.6 <^ w /a '■>, '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 ■^ iV V -b -^. ^A. WrS \j ^ '>% CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes tachniquas et bibliographiquas The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. a Coloured covers/ Couverture do couleur □ Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagie nil Covers restored and/or laminated/ uverture restaur^ et/ou peliicul6e nn Cr er title missing/ n n itre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli^ avec d'autres documents D Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion la long de la marge intdrieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certainev pages blanches ajoutAes lors dune restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont pas iti film^es. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl^mentaires; L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a it^ possible de se procurer. Las details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui pouvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. The to tl '~7i Coloured pages/ !^ Pages de couleur r~7| Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/oi Pages restaurdes et/ou pellicul^es (•ages discoloured, stained or foxe< Pages d^color^es, tachetdes ou piqu^es Pages detached/ Pages ditachees Showthroughy Transparence Quality of prir Quality inAgale de I'impresaion Includes supplementary materia Comprend du materiel supplementaire Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ r~7| ("ages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I I Pages detached/ r~7] Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ j I Includes supplementary material/ r~~| Only edition available/ n Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalament ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., cnt iti film^es d nouveau de facon a obtenir la tneilleure image possible. The posi oft film Ori( beg the slor othi first sior or il The shal TIN whi Mai diff( enti beg righ reqi met This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmi au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 12X 16X y 20X 24X 28X 32X e Stalls s du lodifier r une Image The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and I ;>gibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exempldire film6 fut reproduit grfice d la g6n6rosit6 de: Bibliothdque netionale du Canada Les images uuivantes ont 4tt6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nnttetd de I'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper cov«)rs are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim^e sont filmds en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fiim^s en commandant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -h^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"}, or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ". le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds ^ des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre teproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd A partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. rrata to pelure, 1 a H 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 i- NORTH AMERICAN BOUNDARY. NARRATIVE OF THE SURVEY BY THE BRITISH COMMISSION, CF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THL BRITISH POSSESSIONS IN NORTH AMERICA AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, UNDER M^ THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON OF 9th AUGUST, 1842. 7i MAP S H L yt I N o 'r:Uil^ iA^% or 5BOir^li)Ail-lV II K V » K i; N (I lie \^- "^ 44': o c bArti- «>-- 4 \ , 4a 67 Narrative of the Survey, by the British Commission, of the Ikmudary between the British Possessions in North America and the United States of America, under the Treaty of Wasliington of the 3th August, 1842. THE British Commisaion was composed of a Commissioner, a secre- tary, two astronomers, who were selected from the corps of Royal Engineers, two surveyors, oni* of whom was also from the corps of Royal Engineers, and one a civilian, and six non-commissioned ofhcers of the corps of Royal Sappers and Miners, who had been for a long time employed on the ordnance survey of England. These last were found to he so useful, that in the second season, when the operations of the Com- mission were to be greatly extended, they were increased in numbers to twenty. Previous to leaving England the two officers who were to take the part of astronomers, received from Professor Airy, the Astronomer Royal, mstruction at Greenwich in the particular description of observations which he thought suited to the service to be performed. He also super- intended the selection of the instrumenti, best fitted to the objects contem- plated. They were, for the astronomical purposes, transits, altitude and azimuth instruments, box and pocket chronometers, sextants, and a liberal allowance of the nometers and barometers. For surveying purposes tlie instruments provided were theodolites, chains, and Schmalchalder's compasses. The Commission left England in two detachments. The first, con- sisting of the Commissioner, the secretary, and one surveyor, sailed in the steam packet from Liverpool on the 4th of April, 1843 ; and the second on the 19th of the same month. They both landed at Boston; thence re- embarking on board a coasting steamer, they sailed to St. John's, New Brunswick ; and thence by the river boats proceeded to Fredericton. In the meantime the Joint Commission was opened, according to the direction of the Treaty, at Bangor in the State of Maine, on the Ist of May, the British and American Commissioners meeting there for that purpose. At this time the winter was not entirely over : the ground was in general bare of snow, though still there were patches to be seen scattered about in ravines and gullies. In the woods it was even quite deep, in consequence of a recent heavy fall. The 1st of June, therefore, was agreed upon as the time to begin operations ; and the interval was to be employed in making preparations. Tents were to be made ; provisions collected ; camp equipments procured ; and axe-men to be hired. On the British side, Fredericton was for the time head-quarters. The tents were pro- cured at Boston ; the provisions purchased at St. John's ; the men hired at Fredericton ; and the boats, of which there were to be in the first instance eighteen, were built at Woodstock. One other officer was engaged at Frederictt)n as asurvcyor, wl.o had been employed in previous e?mlora- tions relative to the disputed Boundary, before the Ashburton Treaty set the matter at rest. reyi B 1843 Ip-i IMS After leaving Fredericton the Grand Falls was appointed to he the first place of rendezvous for the British Commission ; there everything was to he carried, and a principal dep6t to he formed of all such stores as might be wanted for the first season, so far at least as they could be ascertained beforehand. ■ « i On the first arrival of the Commission at Fredericton tlie IUmmIs were out on the River St. John ; and indeed so great had been the rush of ice borne down by the melting snows, that every bridge had been carried awav from the Grand Falls to Fredericton, but as soon as these had heen temporarily repaired, and the waters had subsided, the Commission removed to the Grand Falls, and from thence began its operations. These will be described under the didorent heads of— 1. North Line. 2. St. John. 3. St. Francis. 4. South- West Line. 6 South Line. 6. South-West Branch. 7. Highlands. 8. Hall's Stream. 9. West Line. 10. Astronomical Operations. These divisions have been adopted for convenience ; and a reference to the map accompanying this narrative will, it is supposed, atlord a clear Idea of the portibn of country to which they each relate. • •„;, ' The labourers emiAoyed bv the British Commission at the beginning of the first season were comparatively few. They did not exceed fifty; but as soon as the cutting of tlie Line began, they were increased to abo t 120, and afterwards, in the second season, for the cutting of the High- lands, they amounted to near 500. • .i ♦„ Of course preparations on rather an extensive scale were required tc provhle for the subsistence of so many men at great distances from settle- ments. Their numbers involved also the necessity of budding in several niaoes houses for the st ^ „ . clear away evrry little twif? around the tree they are about » /' '/^ ";^- „. how snmll a matter will turn a falling axe '^ ''^^^ .:;| ^^.^^ V ree fmidal.le wounds IVom the axe, and one injur) irom the fa'''"S '» ^ tree. Ph, lin.^ of the tree dislocated the hij) ol a poor man en>ployed close to it and "im le 1 hi. ft.r i^ The wourds did not in either case oqcasion d^ath buJ'Se were formidable fnm. tl^'ir depth a.uU.jeand^^^^^^^ J.nn<»s^ibiiitv of havinff recourse to a surgeon. All the omcers wire pi licled with ?; few sim,5e n^edicines, needles, thread, plaster, and a tourn- quet, which thev used as well as they could. „..r„^v thrnntrhout ^ 'rh(. narrative will now describe the nature of the 8urve> throughout its diHe.ent portions under the heads already enumerated. North Lane. The Treaty fixed upon the Exploring Line of Colj'nf Bouchette and Mr Johnson from the head of the St. Croix northwards to the Hivei >t. Tohn .8 the Hounclarv between the Uritish and American possessions. Tha ' Ihe had SiforcUo be sought out; and in conscHiuence a par y from the British Commission was directed to go m company with a party from the United States' C;ommission, ind if possible to trace it Krom the monument at the souvco of the St Croix, which there was nodiHc ty in finding, and which agreed with the description given of it Ey Colonel Bouchctte, the narties at lir.t f"''»^ved a wel marked Ime wLch it was easy to see had been cut out to some ^-^'t^' . w' Ith. It vvas to be recocnised by the trees along it being evidently ot a >f'"ng«r g"owtl S the .es^ ; an.l also by . fort of dip. whidi was to be observed when looking u,), and following with the eye, the line of the tops of ''' ^It^trci^il^^f fhe parties to a meadow about half a ndle north of the siuth br!;^u.h of the Melluxnikeag River, when it B-^erdy s op.jed Neither Commission had at the time any mlormation to account lor th.s. jind some vjernlexitv was the consequence. ... i * *!>„ A Tr eai^ching about Cor sonJe time, the parties ^'''^^^'^^TJ" \^., J east of thr> line which they iiad been following, a hue o blazes, vlch ran north, an.l appeared to Vesembie the cl,aracter of t^- b azes^ l> - l-h the northern portion of the North l.me was ''"<|"-«t°" \^^ ^^ "S Line for it was known that the upper or northern portion of the North Line had been blazed two or three times over, and that it was marked in that way, but that it was not cut out. Ki„r,„o north- ^The parties, therefore, followed the ^^^ove-mentioned blazes nortb wards, until they came, after seventeen days from the time they began the exploration, to the River St. John. n.»l nn«t<, which On the way they fell in with marks on the trees and posts, wnicn confirmed the identity of the L ine with that of which tnw were in search After reaching the St. John's, they returned and ^^^ "^^^^ .^^^^f„ *^J same blazes southwards from the point at which they had at fir«t fallen in with them ; and in due time they found themselves earned back to the monu.nent at the source of the St. Croix. . r cf oomp of it The whole Line thus explored passed through forest, some of it, especially towards the source of the St. Croix, exceedingly f "tangled ^ There were however a few clearings for ^•»»t'v'"xt.on, at Oreens about the Houlton Road; at Watt's, on the south branch of the Meduxnikeag, 184-3 North Lln«. I 1843 North I an*. t Uivcr St. John. River St. Francis. on the left of the Prcsqu'isle River ; on the banks of the Aroostook ; and again on thone of the St. John. 1*1. With regard to the lino, which liad boon Hupposed at hrHt to De tne true one, and which had been followed to the meadow, an already stated, its history was ascertained from Mr. Ciimpbell, who had been one of the assistant surveyors under Colonel H«)uchette, and who was stdl livmg at St. And.ews in New Brunswick. Upon application benig made to hini he sent bis field-notes for examination, from which it appeared that Colonel Houcheite and Mr. Johnston had in IHli) gone a-head with an exploring line, directed by compass, leaving their assistants to trace, and cut out to the width of sixteen feet, a more exact due north line : but those gentlemen, after running their line to the meadow above mentioned, found themselves so far from the exploring line of their principals, that they doubted their own nv-curncy; anl not l)cing able to agree on the matter, they 8toi)ped altogether, and left the wihkIs. . , „ 1 After the North Line had Iwen traced, and re-bla/ed by the Boundary Commission in 1843, parties were employed to cut it out to the width of thirty feet; it having been agreed that all portions of the Boundary which should pass through woodland should be opened to that width. The American Commissioner undertook to cut with his parties that portion of the Line which was south of the Presqu'isle River, whilst the British Commissioner with his parties cut all that was north of it. After the Line had been cut out it was surveyed by a party from each Commission. ,,11 i The mode of determining where the - ecise L J should be, was, by running a succession of courses, and ma^.ng each any length most con- venient, provided it did not stretch out beyond the cutting of Miirty feet width. , , , . The general bend of the Line was to the west : until near the St. John its deviation from the meridian of the St Croix, measure freeze, hoping tliat it woidd prove possible to effect a communi- cation Dy sleighs. ... « , • .• u The interval which elapsed between the closing of the navigatum by canoe, and the o.wning of it by sleigh, was ten weeks; ie., from the beginning of November to the lOth of January. The arrangement for carrying the chronometers by sleighs required a stable for a change of horses intermediate between the astronomical stations ; and the service was attended with a great deal of exposure; so much so, that it required great persuasion and management at times to induce the Canadians, wiio ad undertaken the employment, to continue m the service. Their horses suffered for want of good stabling, and from the fatigue attending their journeys : continually they were obliged to break a fresh track through the recently fallen snow ; and frequently to stop to strike off the heavy burden ot ice, which would collect and attach itself about the fetlocks i)f the animal. The service was however successfully accomplished , and thus a complete connection was made betv/een the extremities of the long South- West l.ine; and the data were obtained for computing the direction of one from the other. The parties then left the woods by the way of St. Thomas. The winter was employed also in carrying in to the dep6t on Lake Ishaegaimlshegeek. on the North- West Branch, a very large supply of pro- visions ; enoegh in fact to last fr - all the remainder of the operations likely to be required in the Valley of the St. John. They were earned in on sleJghs, and an officer v.'as placed in charge of them. Using that as the principal dejjdt, other subsidiary dep6t8 were formed: one at the oi)posite side of the Lake Ishaoganalshegeck ; ant ;her at the Forks, or end of the Ten-Mile Line; another at the mouth ot the Great Black River ; and another near the outlet of Lake Pohenagamook : but this last was supplied from Rivii^re dii Louji by a road cut by the lumbermen from Fournier's on the Temiscouata Portage Road. In this way provisions were stored in sufficient quantities and in convenient depdts, for the operations calculated on for the VaUey of the St. John. The foregoing operations may be considered as those of the first season, though thev did in fact extend through the whole of the winter. They are shortly comprehended in the following: — A survey of tlie North Line. St. John River, with its islands. „ St. Francis River. Astronomical data for computing the azimuth of the South-West- Line. And a large supply of provisions pollected at certain depots. The month of February being permitted to pass in inactivity, the Commission was again ready in March to begin oi)erations; and it was determined to tal: .' advanta.^e of the hollowness of the woods, and the absence of fuliagc aiui of the sncjvv, whic!) coveretd up the obstructions on the ground, and made it easier to pass between the trees with snow shoes. , Accordingly, by the 1st of March the two sets of labourers were on fhe ground, one at Lake Pohenagamook, and the other at the North-West '***»;■.%,-•**- branch : and preparations were made for running a trial line from both *"''''?hr7ollowing wa. the mode of proceeding- at the North-West ^'^'Ttel.imuth of the line to he run, which had been c«mput«l from the astronomical data, as already mentioned, was first laid off with .i large aSe and a.imuth instrument, and then the line was prolonged with a ''''"ft so happened, that after running about four miles, the Line parsed over the shou ders of a hill which rose like a sugar-loaf; and after remo- ving tl e ransit to that point, it was found to commano a view ^over the top! of the successive ridges f(.r nearly forty miles. I hi. was great »uck, which the paitv at Lake Pohenagamook did nol share. I he . on the con- Il-ar's had^heir view obstructed by hill after hill, entailing frequent ""^lt Iww S actually ran and cut the Line, worked their wa^by compass ; but" at night they were enabled to obtain a correction for them- selTb-;.n the Transit Station, in the following manner :-A torch o bi ch bark was visible with great ease even to ^l-' j'f a"c« «f/ort^y m les also flashes of gunpowder fired in an open pan could be «f "J^f .'^?J^JJ^ same distance^ Signals were agreed "P""' ^^^^".fj- ^^f ?E flSs more to the rirht ;" two flashes, 'SMove more to the left, three Masaes, -Hal "an I four flashes, " All right." As soon as it became dark the toS was^et up by the working parf>.; the oHicer at tl- t-ns^ oWvjng the deviation of* the torch from the true position, made signals, »" "l^edience to which the torch was moved, until it was seen to be bisected by tlie cen e wi e'.f he transit. When that was the case, the signal o four flashes was made, and a post firmly driven into the ground -^^^^^^^^ tod for the torch. In due lime the parties from the opposite ends were evpXd to be approaching each ither, though "« ^;«'««^""7^;""Jl^2 been as yet opened between them; and great was the anxiety to lea n how near tliev were drawing to each other, and what amount of error there wo dd £ betwe mi the two lines. The first indication of the cutting party nmLak^ an apparent dip or open.ng on he outline of the lops of the trees seen by a man who had climbed a tree to Skmit The Suspicion that it miglft be the oth.r l-ty, beca-e a cer taint V that it was so by the opening being observed to grow larger, at rg\Uhey came along side of each other, when their deviation from the cor?cct course was found to be only 341 feet, i..., an error for each of 1701 j'APt BiinnosiiiP- each to have run the same distance. 'iff egrl'^ which this result implied will b. perhaps letter undeS>od by quotiJ.g the .statement of Professor Airy When writing on the subject, and expressing Ins satisfaction at the "i^'^^er m which"the othcers charged with the astronomical "P;^'-f^°?% '^^^^^ P^^^; fcrm.-d their narts he said that the error was so small, that it na,s Rss l^Tthe loss"^ f one beat of a half second chronometer ; that is that during he circuit of astronomical stations and the inton-hange •'<->""»;; '^S''?' vvliich 1,-ul taken place in order to obtain the comparative longitude betwt. t e ext^ n of the South-West Line, of which a description, ha. been given, there had not occurred the loss of one whole beat of a chio- nometer constructed to beat half seconds. „„,i fi,:- 'l iH- error being ascertained, it was necessary to correct it ; and this was done l>y running offsets at certain points along each !'"« «f '^"^^^^^^^ proportional with tTieir distances from the extrem.tie^. J^e corrected line was then run through the points fixed by the offsets ; and afterwards parties were put on to open it to thirty feet. ., , ,, .„k;„k ' During t he progress of the operations just described the snow, which iiad been S.infolir To five feet delp, had gradually melted, en ailing there- by great difliculties. By degrees the snow shoes became useless, and ytt ZL.t them the men sank fhe full depth of their egs . n o "Jo- . h^f; melted snow, excessively difficult to get throug;^i. Add to this, the streams l>ecame rivers, and the rivers deep torrents. As a" ^^"«"?i'^^,".' ^^^J"'^^^^^^^^ of pushing through the sim)w in its moistened state, whilst it was stiU deep, one party was four days going ten miles. 1844 1 ■; 1844 The next operations in the Valley of the St. John were to determine South Line. ^^^ parallel of latitude 46° 25' on the South-Wcst Branch, and then to run the Soutli Line. Astronomical The further astronomical operations of 1844 were to connect the Operations. North-West Branch with Quebec. A high hill rose above Lake Ishaeganalshegeck, which was made an astronomical station, and was connected by tiiangulation with the Bound- ary point on the North-West Branch. Then a hill was sought out upon the highest ridge intervening between the Valley of the St. Lawrence and the Valley of the St. John in the direction of (Quebec. Having found a spot, the tops of the trees on which could be seen both from the station on the hill above Lake Ishaeganalshegeck and from the observatory which was established on the Plams of Abraham, near the citadel of Quebec, flashes of gunpowder were fired from it. These l>eing seen, and the timea noted at each of the two astronomical stations, the difference of longitude was obtained. Hitjhlands. Higliliinds. Turning now to other operations of the season, the attention is directed to the Highlands stretching from the source of the south-west branch of the St. John to the source of Hall's Stream, along which portion the Boundary was directed to follow the dividing ridge of the waters. The whole of that district, embracing about 180 miles in length, was forest ; there was but one road through it, and that led almost due south from Quebec towards Boston in the United States. The method adopted for finding the dividing ridge of the waters, as well as for obtaining the means of mapping it down aftervvards, was this: Setting out from the height of land on the Kennebec Road, guide- lines, as they were called, were cut throui;h the wood, one eastward and another westward, and as nearly as could be guessed, in the general direction of the dividing ridge. From these guide-lines offsets at distances of about half-a-mile, were run over the dividing ridge ; leaving water flowing, say, into the St. Lawrence, they were made to cross over the hills, and were prolonged until they struck water flowing in the opposite direc- tion, through the Valley of the Kennebec. The highest point between those waters flowing in opposite directions would be, as a general rule, on the dividing ridge; and thus a succession of summits was obtained, which, when connected, formed the Boundary required by the Treaty. In order to connect those summits, the practice pursued was to send a man to blow n horn at one summit, which, being heard at the next, afforded a guide to a party, which, following the highest ground about them through all its different windings, listened to the blowing of tlie horn, and inclined that way whenever the ground admitted of their doing so ; and thus they blazed a line from one summit to the other. The direction of the guide- lines was altered whenever it was deemed necessary ; but both the guide- lines and tne offsets l)eing chained, and their angles of direction observed, they afforded base lines by which to correct the traverse along the actual Boundary. Another correction was also resorted to, viz., bearings of high conspicuous points, which discovered themselves as the work went on. The line along the dividing ridge having been blazed, it was cut out to the established width of thirty feet; to accomplish which in the shortest time, large parties were employed. The guide-lines and offsets very much facilitated the operation, by enabling different working parties to get in upon the Boundary at several points at once, without interruption to each other. The principal difficulty was the keeping up a supply of provisions to the working parties. The labour of carrying them on men's backs into the woods to such great distances as forty miles, which was the case when the cutting of the Boundary had made some progress, was very great, so great that a constant supply of fresh men was required for the purpose; for it alwavs haonened that manv of the men who had made one trio into the woods with a load on their backs, refused, u[)on their return, to under- tiike another. The heat, the rain, the diflficulties of the paths, — -sometimes very 9 Heev and sometimes very mar.hy.-the snow afiervvards. as the season 1844 advTnceci and the insulficient shelter, combined to d.scouragethernan^ to make il necessary to.arrange for a constant succession of fresh men to he sent UD from distant settlements. . t-i„ii>o To cSm^lte the :-utting of the Boundary up to the s.nirce of Hall s Stream wa^ a race against tiie season ; and the snow was already two feet aeen be^>^e it was accomplished. It was fuiished, however before the rrLS; the woods; and thus the an.ount of Boundary cut dunng he Ss!^. was from the outlet of Lake ^"'""rr? tt^ BHtlT Comm^^s on Stream a distance of about 264 mdes, of wiuch the British (commission had cut 224 miles. This was a larger portion of the work than proper would have fallen to tiie share of the British Commission, had , at been Treed between the Commissioners, for the sake-, ol ^^jf 't'^^' ^'^^^^^^^^ principal part of the cutting during this season should be done bv the British Commission, whilst all that should lemam to be cut ot the EoundarV fmm the source of Hall's Stream, to the end should be accom- lili'shed bv the American Commission afterwards. . 'During the winter of 1844-45 the iron monuments were earned to their pS an along thnt portion of the Boundary which had been cut durina- the season as above mentioned. .„„„f Along the South-West and South Lines, as well as up the south-west branch of the St. John to its source, they were hauled on sleighs drawn V horses but along the Highlands that was impossible ; and therefore a Lty . f eigVty Canldians, imder a confidential and very fter mined fore- l;mn^vas employed for the purpose, prepared with hand-sleighs, called by the Indians « tabaugens," but of a strong description deoosited They entered the woods in January, near "^ ' « ^*'^^X:„mpTit at the monuments at certain points aiong the Boundary; and came out at Se he ght of land on the Kennebec Road. The service was oive of severe libour and exposure. Sometimes all hands were required to haul each onumrt in succession up a precipice; --''T.n/lS^e^ woildJcarc^ would cross the hills where the men were at work, and they would scarce be able to keep body and soul togethei. .., ,hn mo th*^ 1844-46 The season ol' winter was also employed to ««r^«>.«»^^e i^e the 1844-45 south-west branch of the St. Joiui, the South Branch, th*. Noith-West Branch, the Matawaquam, the main St. John down as far as the ^t. Franc s, the Great and Little Black Rivers, and the Ktjemquospem. When the working season of 1845 began the monuments which had been laid down at the places destined for them were erected along the south viest and south I'ines, also along the Highlands The ra^^^^^^^^^ those portions of the Boundary was likewise eompleted "f «^trean was surveyed ; and the 45th parallel was explored, cut out, and sur- ""^^'^The astronomical observations were also continued between Quebec AsUo„o^^^^^^^^ and the 45th parallel ; and as Quebec had been previously connected with observations, the north-west nvnci of t„e St^John, it followed that a complete chain o astr 1 omicll observations had been determined, extending from tUeGrand Falls of the St. John through the Valley of the St. John, and over to the 45th parallel, by Quebec and Montreal. Hall's Stream was surveyed by running a guide-line from its inter- Hall. Stream, section by the West Line, that is, by the Line of Valentine and Collins m a northerlv direction, then l,y running offsets from that guide-line to the river, and by a traverse along the streai . itselt. West Line. The Line of Valentine and Collins was fouml near Canaan Corner WestUne. The people of the country pointed it out. They showed a lino o t o id l)lazes ai also a place where a post hatl stood near tl't.^^ """^^t";^"*' '^'^""^ a nde' further to the eastward than Hall's Stream. The old blazes were ex il uned at diff-erent places along the Line between Hall's Stream and St. H^!>I ami were fouiul to date back to 1772. 3, and 4. These old blazes we?e~traceable the whole extent of the Line, except where clearings niicr- veucd. Other old marks were likewise found, of which the most remark- 10 1845 Astrnnomica) operations. II :l able were an old post on Province Point in Mississquoi Bay, and the foundation, in masonry, of the monument which had stood near Rouse's Point, on the left bank of the Richelieu. It had Iwen covered over with mould by time, and no appearance of it remained on the surface of the ground, which was marshy and covered with long coarse grass ; but a man of the neighbourhood remembtred it, and pointed out where it stood ; and there, upon digging, the square mass of masonry was discovered, the foundation of the original monument. The Line along the 45th, the West Line, as it is designated in the report and in the maps, was found to be exceedingly crooked ; therefore in marking it the same method was adopted for correcting its deviations, as had been resorted to on the North Line, by a succession of straight lines- kept within the cutting of thirty feet. Wherever clearings occurred, the Line was made to run straight across them, from authentic marks on the one side to authentic marks on the other side of tho same clearing. The astronomical operations for the season were, in detail, a» follows :— Montreal was connected with Quebec, and St. Regis and Rouse's Point with Montreal, by interchanges of chronometers, for which the steamers on the rivers affordeil great facility ; then St. Regis was con- nected with Rouse's Point by signals of flashes, as the North West Branch had been with Quebec. A high hill, called Lion Hill, served as the signat station. Richford and Lake Memphramagog were likewise connected with Rouse's Point by signals from Jay Mountain in Vermont. Afterwards the intersection of Hall's Stream by the West Line was. connected with Lake Memphramagog by interchanges of chronometers. Added to these. Rouse's Point was connected with the observatory at Cambridge, near Boston, also by interchanges of chronometers. It has been stated in the early part of this narrative, that monuments- of a smaller size were erected along the Boundary, and others of a larger size at only certain points. The following is a list of the places where the- larger monuments were erected, viz. : — The source of the River St. Croix. The intersection of the River St. John by the North Line. The outlet of Lake Pohenaganiook. The Boundary Point on the North-West Branch. On the left bank of the South- West Branch, at its first intersection by the South Line. On the left bank of the South- West Branch, at its intersection by the parallel of latitude 46° 25'. At the Erst point on the Highlands near the source of the South-West Branch. On the east side of the Kennebec Road. At the source of Hall's Stream. The intersection of Hall's Stream by the West Line, on the right bank. The intersection of the River Richelieu by the West Line, one monu- ment on the right bank and another on the left. The intersection of the St. Lawrence by the West Line, near St. Regis. The foregoing narrative explains the process by which the Line of Boundary was explored, and traced, and marked, and surveyed, through- out its whole length. It is possible that it might be useful to know precisely what portions of the yvork were done by American Commissioners and what by the Britis':. Tne following then it an account of those proportions ; — The explbratioh was made by a party from each Comimasion. The cutting was divided : that jmriion of the Line which was south of jPresqu'isle River was cut by the Americans; and that portion which was u north of that river was cut by the British. The survey was executed by a party from each Commission, who also erected the monuments. River 8t. John. The survey was made by two parties from each Commission, acting in pairs j one of each Commission surveying in company. St. Francis. The survey was made by a party from each Commission. South-Weat Line. The tracing and marking of this Line was executed by the British Commission alone ; but the work was examined and verified afterwards by the American Commission. South Line. The same as on the South-West Line. South- West Branch of the St. .John. The survey was made by the American Commission, verified and marked by the British. Highlands. From the source of the South-West Branch to the Kennebec Road the dividing ridge was sought out, and a succession of summits fixed, by a party from each Commission. The cutting of the Boundary was done by the American Commission ; and the survey afterwards was made by a party from each Commission, but not acting together. The erecting of the monuments was performed by the British Com- mission. From the Kennebec Road to the source of Hall's Stream the dividing ridge was sought out and summits fixed by the British Commission, but it was verified afterwards by the American Commission ; and a chain of summits was also erected by it. The cutting of that portion of the Boundary was executed by the British Commission. The survey was made by both Commissions ; but their parties did not act together. The hauling of the monuments to their places during the winter was Kjrformed by the British Commission from Hall's Stream to the Kennebec oad, and fVom thence to the source of the South-West Branch by the American Commission. The erecting the monuments afterwards was done in part by the Brtiish and in part by the American Commission. Hall's Stream. The survey was by a party from each Commission, acting together. The marking was undertaken by the American Commission. West Line. The exploration was done by the American Commission, verified by the British. The cutting of the Boundary was executed by the Americans alone. The survey was made by each Commission, but not acting in company. Appended to this narrative will be found reports from Captain, now Major Robinson, and the late Captain Pipou, to the British Commissioner, relating to the astronomical operations entrusted to them, which have been already mentioned in the foregoing narrative ; but they will be found more in detail in the accompanying reports. (Signed) J. B. BUCKNALL ESTCOURT, Li.-Col., Eftcourt, December 31, 1847. H. M. Commissioner, I keport of Captain Robinwn to Lieutenant-Colonel Bucknall EstcOurt. Washington, United Stales, July 7, 1846. I ANNKX to (^aptain Pipon's report v. statement of the rates of those chronometers which were under my particular charge, with some remarks on our proceedir-s generally ; and also some observations and results of signals which VN .re made for the determination of d.fierences of longitude between my station at Lake Memphramagog, and those of Major Griham. of the United States' Topographical Kngineers, at Rouse s Pomt, and Lieutenant Thorn of the same corps, stationed at R:chlord. The chronometers supplied to us from Greenwich consisted cjf lour box chronometers, regulated to siderial time, and seven pocket chrono- meters, regulated to mean time. , From Greenwich to Liverpool they were conveyed by railway, and from Liverpool to the Grand Falls, in ^'ew Brunswick, where our opera- tions on the Boundary Line commenced, they were conveyed by water, the only exceptions being the short land-carriages [rora the ship to the hotel, and thence to the next vessel or boat by which the party was to proceed. No accident or any rough travelling occurred to alfcct them on their iournev. „ , , , At the Grand Falls an equal partition of them was made, as under:— Captain Robinson. Captain Pipon. Box chronometer No. ;}4l, by Arnold. „ i, Frodsliam. Hocket chronometer 3148, Molyncux. 3226, 3227, Box chronometer No.i277, by I'arkin.'mi mid FroiUham. ., 51, Heyes. Pocket chronometer, 3147, Molyiionx. 3091, ., 2187, Arnold. The seventh pocket chronometer. No. 2111, stopped frequently at the winding-up, however carefully done; it could not be depended on, and was therefore never made use of in any of our calculations. . . „ , Our instruments -vere two portable transits ot thirty inches local length • a third of smaller size; two altitude and azimuth instruments, one of is-inch. the other of 12-inch verticle circles ; two mountain baro- meters (by Simms), and six Frcncli or Gay Lussac barometers, with other minor instruments such as sextants, azimuth compasses, &c. These were pretty equally divided between the two astronomical parties. There wa.s also one large telescope of 42-inch focal length, for observ- ing occultations, eclipses of Jupiter's satellites, &c., which was transfer- able between us as occasion retjuired. The duties which devolved upon Captain Pii)on and myself were to determine the latitudes and longituile.s of as many poiiils along the Boun- dary Line as might be neces.sarv to make ;i coned map of it, and to serve as points between which the surveyors could adjust and adapt their surveys. A triangulation along the Boundary was quite impcjssible. Anothef and principal object was to determine the (hrcctions. and run two straight lines of boundary, one of sixty-four miles long, the other of about twenty, between certain given points which had been faxed upon bv the Treaty of Washington. . ,. • i j i i „ ' Owing to the impracticable nature of the country, this could only be done by ascertaining very accurately the latitudes and difference ol longi- tude of the points, and then calcidating tlieir bearings with the meridian. The plan of operations adopted to obtain tiicse objects was for us to take up stations at short distances apart, between which a communication could be obtained within a moderately short period of time, not exceeding two to three days, and during wliich the rates of t!ie pocket chronometers could be trusted while travelling from one standard to the other. 1 he difference of longitude between every station was thus determined by interchany as this. The same number of inter- changes, viz., three each, were made between the St. b rancis and the moutli of the Madawaska. Captain Pipon then passed up the River St Francis, and took up his station at the outlet of the Lake Pohenaga- mook at the point where the Boundary was to quit the line ot the river, and take a direct course across the country of sixty-four miles, to a point on the north-west branch of the River St. John. ^, „ _ . ^ ^. Interchanges were made between the mouth of the St. Francis station and the outlet of the lake, iii the same way as at the other stations. To communicate from one end of the sixty-four mile to the other end. across the country, was quite impracticable; and to obtain the difference of longitude between the extremities of this line, it was necessary to take 11 n two intermediate stations on the St. John. Captain Pipon therefore moved from the outlet oi the Lake Pohenaga- mook, passed down the St. Francis and up the St. John establishing himself at the mouth of the Great Black River. The usual interchanges were made between this and the St. Francis; and the party at the latter moved up to a station near the Forks of the St. John, at the southern extremity of a line which had been cut through the woods by one of the surveying parties, to establish the point on the North-West Branch, which "by the Treaty was to be ten miles disUnt in the nearest direction from the niain River St. John. n i ^i u Up to this period all the chronometers had gone well, and the results obtained from them appeared quite satisfactory At the end of October a great change in the temperature took place. The party moving up o the Forks had to break their way in some places through ice. bnow fell and remained on the ground, and all communication for some time was cut off with the party at Black River. , D.uing the months of November, December, and January, the cold was intense. The thermometers brought from Fngland would only register t„ —19° of Fahrenheit. The column of mercury was irequently all in the bulb, and the degree of cold must have been very niuch greater thai —19 . Judging from reports of its intensity in other portions of Canada vMiere it was registered, it must have been at limes bevond — 30 . The chronometers during this time were kept in a log-hut in whicli a .stove was -ssarily used. Thev were placed m a deal box, packed round with ....^ehair,and the box itself wra,)ped up in a large blanket, to keep the temperature as even as pu«sii)le. in the ua>; tune tne roo,„ wa^ kept at a temperature of 60" of Fahrenheit, whilst at night, when the stove could not be prevented from going out. the temperature would sink to very ' E u „e.r.v .h» -.»• point Thi. 7»' -^„';,f' ::;,:;i:if "Urrnr;; z r:x';Js„„fiMS"f:.an,rl':u,», th. ccrpe. formed very well. f,„m — 4-828. to —7 178. At No 51. Heves. r'^t" '"^J^^'^^^' ''^'^'^'>;;; '^l,o„ffh large ; on which other ti.ne8 it8 rate -- t^.lerahly . nsU.^^ ^^ account, and becau«e it iM-at \M "•"'«•;;' ^^'j^g,, to senti it to nity (which occurred in the to lowing ^T'-f '^,;\^f/,*,„f;^e ^^^ one night Knllind. and have it «- [XIIT;^'' "npc r.^^^^^^^^ -'''' i* -^ ^:^^':::^t£S^S:^r'''tr ?h^::.o^^^^^ ..rLnned very '"■"'^No"3lf7'was the least afVected. U performed well during this winter. '"' TJ m^l fartl^kllt^Jlamnn Deceml.r 1844. and placed in the make'J'. h^'uiis" It imp-ved'it for a time, l.ut its periormance m 1845 wixa always ''""btfiil. ^ ^^^^, ,.,.^,,^„ ^^.^.^ throughout, and I'dla-^^e- 'i-' -"- - -de with the mouth of the HIack Sl^t mea?s of^ri^^a lig^^^^ ^;^- ^, interchanging. to th'c Forks for a fi-\'"7J '^S, wc"e oblige.l t^, abandl.n their iK.at riverpart.allylreez,ngo^e tl^nien wcreoD.g ^^^^^^^^ ;„ ^„„,,.. on their journey when near the 1^ (TKS. ami .,„ence couUl not •-. -Jurm^cU" ;'•",,,, ,ket chronometers were all sent In makuig the ''Ycrcnangts j l returning three tunes K'tl^e iSsrthrra.'m^.l H^;:. «a„..^»ic= fr.,„. t... Clrea. Ula.R th« ditrercnce of lonplme w,,s ...tan^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ sometimea when the niorcun hail >■>"'"''";'.,,,„, „, ^^.i, t|,„t oerasi..ii. tts^^ r-u t'^i;-,.;;-;. c ii".ti»ra,^„., .ha,, u,»e made in warmer weather obtain a difference of the Line were determined. hporina: of the Line from each end ^?™/?^'H^^h "ch^^fol t\: V w 'in' thuspersisting to carry on was calculated. The duel onjett n ,. i„tpV, was to obtain these observations f"-"S the seventy o a ^ •-- - --^^^^J • ,.,• ,,,, ,ear, data in time to run ^^^^J^ "^,,*'',; '"|;,'.,f,i ancl the rivers still frozen over. iSn^1>r;^orUrcam ':c^ ;;:::o^s .>r U. cuUlng parties to be '^::;^.':^e'C:^Z.T^ lay o. the direction of the Lrne ac?;rding lo the calculation ; and commenced cutting. 15 Th^ nartv at the Nnrth-Wcat Branch end (incltKling Licatcnant- Coul!; K^urt and Mr. Scott, with a Htron,. hocly of labuurcu.) d.cl the over the HhhU-r of a conical-shaped hill, called the Supr-Loai, fr m Xh tSeJe wan a gmxl comn.an.hng view of the country l.»r many mde. IheLw on the ground being at the tin.c everywhere about hn.r feet 1 Mr 5..0 t with a strong body of hibourers— for .vas nvjcesaary where the Line passed was marked, a clearing made round .t, ^nd » P^ « rptun After < oinK which, he set off for the next succeeding ndgc, upon vtic a v^cw bSf>f the Sugar-Loaf hill could •- « 'ta^d steenng and Tuttine his way across the valleys as well as he could by thf ^'^'"Pf »■ cutting his way ^^^^ ^^^^^^ . ^^^^^^^^ arrived on a r-dje from whid the SuVr'Lf.af (a .ery conspicuous object) could ^ej^en a ^''""SesilJnnls employed were (lashes of gunpowder, the quantity used varvin^rrto cllarges of a fowling-piece up to seven or e,ght per flash. ^^^^"£^ist;t:J;S"Sg levened and read^sioi. flashes were fired in ouick succession, to denote the same to the cutting party^ ' This being answered by an equal number fronr. them, tlenoung readiness also, the signalling was continued- One flash— move north. Two flashes — move south. Three Hashes — wait awhile. , „>.«.» ■ fi lla«l,es-*e torch io in the line. Proceed on to the next """tI; prevent mi-t.ke,. an,l keeping one p„rty wai.ms """'^^^^^y for the '.ther. it w,v. c-nstomary to aekno«leclge every signal ma r..r....;no- In-ids Miroue i the woods; under "'"'Turther operations were pretty much suspended until the heo;inning turtnci ojRi.iiiwu:, ' r i„h,,,ii-or« fiirertei bv non-commissionccl thirty feet wide, elearmg a way m the centre, oi f, iranVit i," l-uracat was »-M .hro„gl. it, a, lustniB; .■oim- y all t . stat.a,.- .,J,,^;;;,e^tV,af.™....oruaan,,t,,c,.,..^^^ .';:l"f ';:;*„rr.,:is,?:wti'»ri'; TJ^^^.r st joiu, whe,. the aua a ponii. uw ^->'^ n-irdlel of 46 25 of north hititude. "'"■■'l,; r,otaTt2 P i Vnloe'decl up the S„„th,VVo,. Braoch, an.j 111 JiMio ^^[■'.''i I .' |,.' ,„„|; |,p „ .,„sitioii witliin a lew seconds ot ?^jr;;inr^;ch' wrll^^r^J^ds^leiermu^ed innn it accurately by "^'Tt3ln,es of chronometers were made in the usual way between '- ¥^'com;;:l,^lStr;tS^ :^ ,Vom end to end direct, that is, without ^"7 !"^,^''-'"^J^^^\, f ^Vence of trips of the chronometers were made each way. With the cUllerence 17 loniritude thus detcrmiiuul. and the abHohiti* latitudcH, the dirfction of tht- Line from each station was {•()nM)nte.l, and it was proceeded with to be cut and run nuuh in the same way nn the Ioniser line had been. It was not however (luite ho KUCcesHfully done, ti>e hnes proving, when they were abreast «)f each other, to be 57() feet apart,-a (piantity denoting an error of one-half sccoial of time in the determination of the difterence of loniritude of the two extremities. .... ■• A8 this had I HT.i obtained R'»inuch more directly than in the preceding case, too much confidence was ph-.c^t i„ the result given by the trips of the chronometcis. and it would ha e been better hae through it and reaching to the Ground was attached to one of the top branches; a piece of tin was E uV so as t f^ H small conical cup, and attached with wire to the Tn less Vone • the charge, varying from a quarter to a half of a pound of gunprw S%as w^^^^^ apiece of paper and placed in the tin cnip wUlfa certain length of touch-naper hanging out of it. The end of this be L liS; the tin cup was "hoisted quickly by the rope to the top of KJe^where the charge exploded, and the cup was hauled down again. Serieant McGuckin had a pocket chronometer with h.m by which he _vas SSed To fire his charge's, at ten-minute ;"*™'«' ^^^^^^^^^^ o'clock every evening, after it was known that the Quebec party were ready to commence observations. . , . , . ^h„t effect As soon as this was known at the Lake Hill, a signal to that enect "°" pTlTious rcomm^ncing wS *T noshes; two roc-keU were fired from F 18 the hill, and at the termination one or two more. It was found difficult to note the precise moment of their bursting; some were not seen, and no use was made of them in the calculations. • • . *u ^ *.u„ Transits of stars were observed for time on the same n.gh that the signals were made, and the ten-minute intervals allowed .t to be done w.th but little interruption from theiu. . .. . ■ .x . »• fu:„«.„„„ On the night ol the ?.3rd September rthe hrst n.ght). out of thirteen hred/ten flash! were observed and .mted by botii parues. h ronj Quebec the distance must have been fully forty n.des, yet they were d.stmctly visible, even to the naked eye. The signals were repeated on five suose- quent nights, with various success as to the numbers noted in common Some of the nights the wind blew strong, and the charges exploded before reaching the top of the tree. In the course ot six nights forty-six observaTons hi commSn were observed, and this number was deemed sufficient to give a good ditference of longitude. Compared with what was obtained afterwards between other stations, the ranges on ihis occasion were great, but at that time they were thought by us very good. The observatory tent on the Lake Hill was much exposed, and the lights were not so well protected from the high winds as could have been desired, and had some effect, no doubt, on producing the high ranges. When the signalling was over, the experiment was tried of sending the pocket chronometers for one trip, from the Lake Hill to Quebec and back *rhe time on their journey was four days and eight hours ; the road travelled of the worst description. For more than half the journey they were carried by a man on foot, the other portion in a canole. fhe mean ot the three chronometers thus sent, gave a result dinering bv two and a half seconds of time from that obtained by the flashes The same was tried by one interchange ircmi Quebec to the Lake Hil and back, but that proved an entire failure, and no more trials were made. On the 21st October the Lake Hill party left the woods with the intention of proceeding to Montreal and forming a station there to be connected with that at Quebec by tlie usual interchanges of chrono- meters. ,..,,„, , iU i. 1 Passing out of ' he woods by the way ot St. Thomas', the party arrived at Montreal on the last day of October. Winter had now commenced ; the ground was covered with snow, rendering it difficult to select a good spot on which to set up the instru- meats and as the navigation between Montreal and Quebec generally closes' in the month of No\ ember, it was not probable that the two stations could be connected before the communication was broken up. The field operations for the year 1H41, so far as the astronomical parties were concerned, were therefore terminated. . , , . , At Quebec, however, where a good and substantial observatory had been set up, observations for absolute longitude by lunar transits and moon culminating stars, continued to l^e made through the winter, when- ever opportunities offi'red. ... From June 1843 to the end of October 1814, th.e astronomical j)arties had been engaged, with onlv the intermission of part of the month of February and part of the month of May, in the constant prosecution of their particular duties. From the impracticable nature of the country, the bad communications, and the necessarily nmgh means of transport by small boats and canoes on the rivers, and men's backs in the woods, some damages and breakages could not be prevented to our instruments. One mountain barcm'eter and three of the smaller {(lay Lussac) barometers were by this time broken. , ^ , One of the box chronometers (51 Heyes) had suffered, and it was desirable to exchange it for another. No. 3091 pocket cluonometer had failed entirely about this time. An improvement i'i one of the transit instruments was desirable, and some other repairs to the smaller instru, nients were required. Tliere were no means of effecting these in this country. . r • ,, Ttie winter afforded a favourable opportunity of getting all set to rights again and ready for the next year's operations; and having obtained leave, they were taken to England by me in December 1844, and 19 brought back to Montreal in time for the recommencement of observa- tions at the first opening of the navigation of the St. Lawrence. This was the 2Sth of April, 1845. Pursuing the plan of operations, of connecting the eastern with the western termination of the Boundary, by a chain of stations at moderate intervals apart from each other, a site was selected on St. Helen's Island, opposite the city of Montrccvl. Two stone pillars, standing upon good foundations, had in the course of April been prepared for the instruments, and observations and interchanges of chronometers with Quebec were immediately commenced. The distance between these two stations is the greatest in our chain ; hut the communication by the large steam-boats running on the St. Lawrence rendered it the easiest and the interval in time among the shortest. Four interchanges were made by each party ; the results appeared very satisfactory, agreeing closer together than they did on any other occasion. The mean difference of longitude by four sets of Captain Pipon's chronometers, was Do. four sets of Captain Robinson's, was s. M. 9 17-80 9 17-67 Difference 013 The distance was the greatest, the time of absence was the same as some of the others ; but the transport or carriage of the chronometers was the easiest of all the stations. These interchanges occupied the month of May. The Quebec party then moved up to St. Regis, the western termination of the Boundary. During the interval of establishing the observatory there, the oppor- tunity was taken of making interchanges with Major Graham of the United States' Topographical Engineers, who had taken up a position (for astronomical observations) on the Boundary at Rouse's Point on Lake Champlain. Three trips of chonometers were made from St. Helen's to Rouse's Point and back, and four of Major Graham's from Rouse's Point to St. Helen's and back. The St. Regis party being by this time ready, interchanges between it and St. Helen's commenced, four journeys of the chronometers each way were made in the usual maimer. This completed the junction of the Grand Falls by differences of longitudes with St. liegis. There appearing a very favourable hill for connecting St. Regis with Rouse's Point by signals, it was suggested by Captain Pipon to do so, and carried into effect very successfully. By observations made on five nights, during which eighty- two flashes were observed in common, the difference in longitude was made to bo .... transmission of chronometers between St. Helen's and St. Regis, and St. Helen's and Rouse's Point, the differ- ence of longitude was made to be By M. S. 5 13-24 5 1312 Diflerence 012 A difference of only twelve-hundredths of a second of time, showing how very accurately the transmission of chronometers would give a dif- ference fif longitude when the communications were easy. In July the party at St. Helen's broke up and moved to a point on the Boundary Line where it crossed the Lake Memphranmgog on its eastern shore, the object being to determine its latitude and the difference of longitude betv\een it and Rouse's Point. A high mountain in Vermont, called .lay Peak, situated intermediately and a little to the south of the Line, afforded a very favourable oppor- tunity of connecting the stations by signals. The distance between the f^Yf^ a(tjli()j^a Mfis in .1 st!'ni.""!it Viv.o ;'.!)'.)ut fd'tx-six niMes, Corporal Forl)es of ti>e Royal Sappers' and Miners was sent with a party of labourers, and encamped near the top of the hill from which the signals were to be made. m 20 The hill was high and bare of wood at its summit ; no clearing or especial contrivance was necessary. He was supplied with a chrono- meter watch to regulate his times of firing. The charges varied from a quarter to one-third of a pound of gun- powder, fired from the surface of a piece of flat board. At first the mtervals between the flashes were fired at ten minutes, beginning at 9 and enrling at 11 p. m., but were clianged to three-minute intervals, and fired between half-past 8 and half-past 9 p. m. ; and the observations for time (which it was always desirable to have on the same evening) were made when the signalling was over. The Hashes were fired only on fine nights, and could be distinctly seen from both stations. In the course of six ni^'hts' signals, eighty flashes were observed in common. Corporal Forbes's party was relieved on the 19th of August, and was succeeded by an American party, who continued the signals in the same manner ; but the interval between the flashes was reduced to about two minutes, and the time of signalling to be*^ een Sand 9 p. m. Whilst the signalling was in prof: .ss between the station at Lake Memphramagog and Rouse's Point, Lieutenant Thorn, of the United States' Topographical Engineers, took up a station for astronomical observations, on the Boundary at Richford, about twenty-four miles dis- tant from Lake Memphramagog and thirty-two miles from Rouse's Point. The Jay Peak couUl be seen from his station, and the signals made from it answered for the three parties. In the course of six nights' observations, ninety-five flashes were observed in common with Richford, and the difference of longitude obtained by the whole, was Im. 53' 72s. The highest result of any one night's observations, was The lowest ...... M. S. 1 5411 1 53-33 The range . . . .0 078 Between Lake Memphramagog and Rouse's Point, by eighty flashes and six nights' observations, the ditlerence of longitude was made 4m. 3508s. M. S. The highest result of any one night's observations, was . 4 35*55 The lowest 4 3450 The range . . . .0 0105 Between St. Regis and Rouse's Point, the mean of eighty-two flashes observed on five nights, gave a dilTercnce of longitude of om. 13-24s. M. s. The highest result of any one night's observations, was . 5 1364 The lowest 5 12-75 The range . . . .0 089 For the sake of experiment, and testing the result by transmissions of chronometers, one trip was made from Lake Menipiiraniagog to Rouse's Point and back, and one to Richford and l)ack. M. s. . 4 35-08 . 4 35-55 By the signals. Rouse's Point was west One trip of three pocket chronometers gave it Difference By signals, Richford was west One trip, three pocket chronometers gave it . 047 1 53-72 1 54-65 nifforence .... 093 These results agreeing so well were considered highly satisfactory. From the commencement of observations at the Grand Falls, to thcir conclubion at Lake Memphramagog, observations for absolute longitude 21 by lunar transits and moon culminating stars were made at every station whenever a favourable opportunity offered. Thirty-nine lunar transits were obtained at Quebec alone ; thirty-nine were obtained at the stt^tions east of Quebec ; and twenty-one at stations west of Quebec : in all ninety- nine observations. These have all been corrected for lunar errors by data received from Greenwich. Referring them all by means of the ascertained differences of longi- tude to the one station at Quebec, an absolute longitude for Quebec has been derived from a mean of ninety -nine observations of transits of the moon's bright limb. The result given by them is, that the longitude of the astronomical station at Quebec is 4h. 44m. 42s. west from Greenwich. From this and the known differences of longitude between it and each of the other stations, their absolute longitudes are determined and given in the accom- panying abstract. This result for Quebec differs by several seconds from the determina- tions of other observers, and it willbe advisable, therefore, on our return to England, to have the calculations all carefully examined or recalculated. It may then probably become necessary to add a certain fixed quan- tity to each of the determinations given in the abstract. The observations at Lake Memphramagog occupied all August and part of September 1845. It was next intended that Major Graham should connect a station at Canaan Corner (the eastern extremity of the Boundary following the 15t!i parallel of latitude) with the Lake Memphra- magog; but being detained longer than was expected at Rouse's Point, the intention was not carried out. This terminated the astronomical observations and labours in the field of the officers on the British Commission. The party broke up and moved from Lake Memphramagog early in October 1845, and proceeded join the other members of the Commission, who had preceded them to Washington in the United States, where the time since has been occupied in examining the observations, revising the calculations, and in making out fair copies of the whole, to accompany the plans and reports of the Commissioners. (Signed) WM. ROBINSON. Capt., R.E. Note. — The observations and calculations for the absolute longitudes were, upon the return of the Commission to England, submitted for the examination and opinion of Mr. Airy, the Astronomer Royal at Greenwich, who, after a careful consideration and a recalculation of the lunar transits, with every improved data that could be supplied by the Observatory at Greenwich, determined the result of the absolute longitude of the Astrono- mical station at Quebec, to be 4h. 44m. 43-91s. west; therefore a correction of l-91s. of time, or 28-65s. of arc must be added to every absolute longi- tude in the General Abstract attached to this report. London, April 11, 1847. (Signed) WM. ROBINSON, CapL R.E.. . Bt, Major. Note. — It should be borne in mind, whilst considering the perform- ances of the chronometers, as shown by the accompanying Tables, that perhaps on no expedition were chronometers more severely tried than on this of the Boundary Commission. They were necessarily kept in tents ()r log-huts heated by stoves ; they were exposed to the extreme heat and cold of a Canadian climate; and were constantly being moved from one station to another. Whenever the op|M)rtunity offered, they were carried by water, but ti-Kiuently they had journeys to make by land, and were conveyed in the carriages of the country over very bad roads, and sometimes they were carried by hand through the woods. W. B. Irl I I 'I G I IT"" k, 22 S.,a„ea, C.— e.e.^P^*„^^^^^^^ ^ -" "'- St^tiom. Averose or meiui of RntoK determined during tlie month. RXIIIMS- On board steamer " Hibemia." Chronometer kept in a tent. Kept in a bole in the ground made under the floor of the observa- tory. A great (hnngein the temperature. this month. , Subject these months to great and sudden changes of ten.porature, varying from 60° of tahr to some unknown qtmntity below _19°, at which point the mer- cury «a8 in the bulb. On 9th January, stopped at wmdwg up, Im. 16-5. April, May, and June, no obser- vations for time; engaged tracmg + 021 and cutting out the 64-mile Ime. Moved to a new sUtion. Changed the rate from pain to loss. Operations for the season termi- St. Helen's Island, near Montreal Ditto Ditto . Lake Memphramagog. Ditto . . nated in October. 1 Not U'^od as stiu.dard during these + 4ol three months. Temperature very ' great, part of June and July. Kept in a tent (under ground). Operations in the field; observations terininnted in September 1845. Sidereal Chronometer No. 51, Heyes (Box Chronometer). Greenwich Atlantic Ocean Grand Falls, New Lruns- 1 July wick . • • ■ • MouUi of River !5t. Francis Ditto . . Ditto . . 1843 April April _.-J-3 —3-3 —4 —3-6.') Rated at the lloyal Observatory. On board the " Hibemia" steamer. July _2-77 _7.50 _4 1l Observations for time commenced this month. August Sept. —3-74 — 3-59 -6-74 —:■> 82 _4-4a —4-75 Kept under ground iu observatory tent. Oct. —4-12 — 5-62 — 4-82 23 Sidereal Chronometer No. 51. — (Continued.) RSMARK*. Kept in a log-hut heated by stove. The variations of temperature duiing these three months were sudden and great; the thenno- meter varying from 60° during the day to some unknown quan- tity below— 19° of Fahr. at night. February, no observations for time. April, May, and June, no obser- vations for time ; engaged run- ning and cutting out the 64-mile line, &c. Removed to Lake Hill, 19th Sep- tember. Operations in the field closed for the season, October 1844. On the 2l8t of October, the chronometers were taken from the Lake Hill to St. Thomas, and from thence to Quebec and Montreal. This chronometer beat 130 times to the minute ; on which account, and its large rate, Captain Robinson took it to England with him in December 1844. ana exchanged it for Sidereal Chronometer No. 943. orinivTcnvr (Signed) WM. ROBINSON, Captain, Royal Enginmri. Chronometer No. 943, Molyneux (Sidereal Box Chronometer). Station. St. Helen's Island, Mon- treal Ditto Ditto Lake Memphramagog . Ditto Date. 1845 May June July August Sept. Rntee. Kange during month. From To Average or meBn of Rates determined during tlie month. + -1 + -2 -1410 03 30 13 86 s. -1 -45 -2 -56 -5 23 -12 01 -7-55 -0-73 -2-13 -3 30 -7-60 -1010 RlHAKKS. No. 943 was brought from England in April 1845, in exchange for 51, Heyes. Used as standard chronometer for these three months. In July the temperature increased considerably, anil the chronometer rate increased with it. Kept under ground under the floor of a tent. The temperature during these months was very high. Operations in the field and obser- vations terminated September 1845. 24 Pocket Chronometer No. 3\^h by Molyneux. Rates. Average or mean of Rates letermineil during the month. Station. Date. Range during month. RlMARKS. From. To. 1843 s. 8. 8. Royal Observatory, Greeuwich Atlantic Ocean April + 13 April •• ■• -014 On board steamer " Hibernia." (Jrand Falls, New Bruns- wick Mouth, Rn er St. Francis Ditto July August Sept. + 0-34 -2 33 - 2 05 -1-16 -1-46 -0 02 -0-231 -1-73 -0-87 Travelling repeatedly from one station to another for determining difference of longitude. Ditto Oct. + 0-38 -3-52 -1-81 Forks, River St. John. . Ditto Nov. Dec. -3-7 -2-38 -1-64 -3 14 -2 -Sol -2-74) Exposed to great variations of tem- perature these months. Ditto N. W. Branch . . 1844 Jan. March -1 99 -1-78 + 0-11 + 2-04 -0-86 + 77 Ditto, and travelling for difference of longitude. Ditto July -0-18 -3-05 — 106 Ditto August -2-70 — Oil —1 -53 Ditto Lake Hill Sept. Sept. —0 -43 +0-27 — 1 12 + 4 07 —0-84 + 2 '63 Removed to Lake Hill, 1 9th Sep- tember. Ditto Oct. + 0-17 — 107 — 45 St. Helen's Island Ditto 1845 May June + 2-19 —0 44 — 161 + 0-84 + 51 + 42 Travelling constantly for difference of longitude. Ditto. Lake Merophramagog. . Ditto August Sept. + 115 —0-98 —1-38 + 2'65 — 0-.30 + 0-38 . Kept under ground under floor of tent. Royal Observatory, Greenwich On passage out New Brunswick, Grand Falls Mouth of St. Francis . . Ditto Ditto Forks of St. John Ditto Ditto N. W. Branch . . Pocket Chronometer No. 3091, by Molyneux 1843 April April + 2-26 July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1844 January March + 0-9G + 0-26 + 0-35 + 1 -3,3 + 0-80 + 1 -02 —12-14 —2-1 + 0-7 + 1-531 + 0-58 + 0-99 —2 -29 Removed from Greenwich, 16th April. On board steamer " Hibernia." Travelling constantly to and fro for determining diiferrnce of longitud«h Ouriug these four months this watch stopped whenever exposed to the colli, and no deiiendence coidd be placed upon its ralea. A.s long .IS krpi Warm if rfou-.t go, but not otherwise. 25 Pocket Chronometer No. . ?09l.— Continued.) D*t«. Rates. Average or mean cf Rate* determined Station, Range daring month. RniAitKS. From. To. during the month. 1844 B. 8. 8. N. W. Branch . . July I'll -09 +11-81 1 + 1 1 -50 Ditto August + 20-75 + 1-74 + 11 09 Ditto .. Lake Hill Ditto Sept. Sept. Oct. 184.'i + 10-97 -11 23 + 11-22 Removed to Lake Hill, 19tli Sep- tember. Stopped several times during these two months without apparent cause. It was taken by Captain Robinson to England, in the win- ter of 1844, and placed in the maker's hands for examination. St. Helen's Island May — 23 —4-99 —219 Ditto June — 1-82 + 0-72 —015 Lake Meniphramagog . August —2-91 — 1-93 —2 -42 Ditto Sept. + 0-52 —0-85 —0-09 P ocket Chronometer No. 2187, Arnold. 1843 Royal Observatory, April -2-4 Greenwich On passage out April -21 On board steamer " Hibeniia." New Brunswick, Grand July -0-43 -1 91 -1-34 Falls Mouth, of St. Francis. . August -1-88 -0-71 -1-20 Travelling constantly to and fro for determining difference of longi- Ditto Sept. -0-92 -4-50 -2 -.34 tude. Ditto Oct. -3-80 -0-43 -2-42 Forks of St. John Nov. + 28-96 -3-94 + 8-27 Kept in a log-hut wanned with Ditto Dec. 1844 -4-07 -5 90 -4-70 stove. Temperature varying fre- quently from 60° in the day down to some unknown quantity below — 19° Fahr. at night. Ditto Juntiarv -1-87 + 0-52 -0-85' February, no observations for time. N. W. Branch . . March -0-8G -7'2I -2 77 April, May, and June, 1844. 'no Ditto July + 3-54 + 5 •.'10 + 4-29 observations for time ; engaged running and cutting nut the 64 Ditto August + 3 50 + 7-08 + 5-16 mile line, &c. Ditto Sept. + 5-63 + 6-5:. + 6-15 Removed to Lake Hill, 19tb Sep- tember. l^ke Hill Sept. 1845 + 10-88 I-13-57 + 12-49 0|ierntions in the field closed for the season in October 1844. Recoumieuced May 1845. St. Helen's Island, Mon- May + 10-0G -0-43 + 4-65 treal Ditto June -0-99 + 3-54 + 1-13 Lake Mcmphramagog . . August -0-33 +-4-29 + 1 -82 Ditto Stpt. + 1-15 + 4 SO + 2-69 Operations in the field and obser- vations terminated, Sept. 1 845. (Signed) WM. ROBliiSO}^, Captain, Roual Engineert. H 11 Hi M \w 26 0...v..,0». for Diffe.«,c. of Longi..^^^^^^^^^^^ August 1845. ^ Signals made on August 1, between 9 h. and 11 h., at 10 minutes intervals. Name of Station. Chrono- metere* N08. Lake Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog Konse's Point Lake Memphramagog Rouse's Point L'lke Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog Uo\ise'8 Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog Rouse's Point Lake Moniphramagog House's Point 22'/ 7 2557 2277 2557 2277 2557 2277 2557 2277 2557 2277 2557 2277 2557 2277 2557 2277 2557 FlaBhes observed. II. M. s. IS \a 25-0 18 2 21-15 18 23 36-5 18 12 32-5 18 43 28-0 18 32 24-0 19 3 32-0 18 52 27-7 19 13 32-5 19 2 28-0 19 24 9-0 19 13 4-3 19 33 37-0 19 22 32-4 19 43 34-0 19 32 .300 19 53 41-5 19 42 37-0 Errors of Chronrs. on Sidl. Time of Stations. M. 8. Fast 10 12-18 3 43-5 „ 10 1-2-18 3 43-5 10 12-18 3 43-5 10 12-18 3 43-5 „ 10 12-18 „ 3 43-5 10 r2-i8 3 43-5 „ 10 12 18 3 43-5 „ 10 12-18 3 43-5 10 12-18 3 43-0 True Sidl. Time of Observation. II. M. S. 18 3 12-82 17 58 38-00 18 13 24-32 18 8 49-00 18 33 15-82 18 28 40-50 18 53 19-82 18 48 44-20 19 3 20-32 18 58 44-50 19 13 56-82 19 9 20-80 19 23 24-82 19 18 48-90 19 33 21-82 19 28 46-5 19 43 29-32 19 38 53-50 Difference of Longitude. M. a. 4 34-82 4 35-32 4 35-32 4 35-62 4 35-82 4 3602 4 35-92 4 35-32 4 I 35-82 9) Mean difference of longitude obtained on August 1 49-98 = 4 35-55 Signals made on August 3, between Lake Memphramagog , 2277 Rouse's Point . . ; 2557 Lake Merapliramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point Rouse's ''oint Lake Mou,,.hramagog : Ro\ise's Point Lake Men\phramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Pont 2277 2557 2277 2557 Lake Memphramagog j 2277 IlniiBu'a "'nint . . ! 2.)57 2-277 2557 2277 25.'^7 2277 2557 17 40 8-0 17 29 2-7 17 43 15-5 17 32 10-2 17 46 7-0 17 35 2-0 17 49 9-0 17 38 4-1 17 52 9-0 17 41 4-0 17 55 9-5 17 44 4-2 17 58 SO 1 17 47 3-0 8^ h. and 9^ h, at 3 minutes intervals. 4 34-62 l-'ast 10 14-80 „ 3 44-12 10 14-80 i 3 44 12 „ 10 14-80 „ 3 44 12 10 14-80 I „ 3 44-12 „ 10 14-80 3 44-12 „ 10 14-80 3 44-12 „ 10 !4-80 3 44-12 ll I 17 29 53-20 17 25 18 58 17 33 0-70 17 28 26-08 17 35 52-20 i 17 31 17-88 17 38 54-20 i 17 34 19-98 17 41 .W-20 j 17 37 l''-88 1 17 44 .'■>4-7 I 17 40 20-08 17 47 .'5.3-20 I 17 43 18-88 Carried forward 4 .34-62 4 .34-32 4 34-22 4 34-32 4 34-62 4 34-32 31-04 27 Nftme of Station. Chrono- mettn* No& Fluhes observed. Errors of Chronn. on 8i(ll. Time of Sutions. True 8idl. Time of Olmervation. DifferenM of LongitDd*. Ldkp Memphramafjog Koii8o'a I'oiiit 2277 2557 II M. 18 1 j- 50 8. 70 20 Fast M. ». 10 14-80 3 44-12 Brought forward II. M 8. 17 50 52-20 17 46 17-88 31-04 M. a. 4 34-32 Lake Memphrainagng House's Point 2277 2557 18 4 17 53 6-0 0-7 10 14-80 3 441 2 17 53 51-20 17 49 16-58 4 34 62 Luke Meiii|)1iraningog House's Point 2277 2557 18 7 17 56 10-0 4-7 10 H-PO 3 44-12 17 56 55-20 17 52 20 58 4 34-62 Lake Mrmphramagog Rouse's Point 2277 25.-57 18 10 17 69 11-5 6-0 10 14-80 3 44-12 17 59 56-70 17 55 21-88 4 34-82 Lake Memphramagog Kousc'h Point 2277 2557 18 13 18 2 11-5 6-4 10 14-80 3 44-12 18 2 50-70 17 58 2228 4 34-42 Lake Memphramagog Kouae's Point -2277 2557 18 16 18 5 13-6 8-4 *) 10 14-80 3 44-12 18 6 58-70 18 1 24-28 4 34-42 Lake Memphramagog House's Point 2277 2557 18 19 18 8 170 11-7 10 14-8 3 44-12 18 9 2-20 18 4 27-58 4 34-62 Lake Memphramagog Rouse's Point 2277 2557 18 22 18 11 19-5 14-2 It 10 14-8 3 44-12 18 12 4-70 18 7 30-08 15 4 34-62 ) 67-50 Mean difference uf longitude obtained on August 3 = 4 34-50 Signals made on August 5, from 8^ h. to 9^^ h. Lake Memphramagog Rouse's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphiamagog House's Point Lnke Memphramagog House's Point Lake Meniphiamagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point L.ike Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point Lnke Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point 2277 17 59 58-0 ii557 17 48 56-5 2277 18 2 .550 2557 '7 51 54-5 2277 18 5 52-0 2557 17 54 51-4 2277 18 8 54-0 2557 17 57 5-29 2277 18 11 5.3-5 2557 18 52-0 2277 18 14 55-0 2,')57 18 3 53-5 2277 18 17 56-5 '2.';57 18 55-7 2277 18 21 0-5 2557 18 9 59-5 2277 18 23 58-5 2557 18 12 57-5 2277 18 27 1-5 2557 18 16 0-6 2277 18 30 8-0 2557 18 19 7-0 Fast 10 11-99 3 45-54 10 11-99 3 45-54 10 11-99 3 45-54 10 11-99 3 45-54 10 11-99 3 45-54 10 11-99 3 45-54 10 11-99 3 45-54 10 11-99 3 45-54 10 11-99 3 45-54 10 11-99 3 45-54 10 11-99 3 45-54 17 49 4601 17 45 10-96 17 52 4301 17 48 8-96 17 55 4001 17 51 5-86 17 58 42-01 17 54 7-36 18 1 41-51 17 57 6-46 18 4 43-01 18 7-96 18 7 44-51 18 3 10-16 18 10 48-51 18 S 13-P6 18 13 4651 18 9 11-S6 18 16 49-51 18 12 15-06 18 19 5601 18 IS 21-46 4 35-05 4 34-05 34-15 34'65 35-05 35-05 34-35 34-55 34-55 34-45 34-55 11) 50-45 Mean difference of longitude obtained on August 5 = 4 34-5? Signals made August 28 24. 1845, from 8h. to Oh., at about 2 minutes intervals. Name of Station. Lake Mrnipliramagog House's I'diiit Lake Memphraniagoit Kousi-'s Point Lake Memiihramagog Rouse's Point Lake Momphraniagog House's Point Lake Meniphrauiagog House's Point Lake Memphraniagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Fotiu Lake Memphramagog House's Point Lake Moniphramagog Rouse's Point Lake Memphraniagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point Lake Mempliramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point 2277 •2557 2277 2557 2277 2557 2277 •2557 2277 2557 'J277 2557 2277 2557 2277 '2557 2277 2557 2277 •2657 22/7 •2557 •2277 2557 2277 2557 2277 2557 1!. M. S. 18 25 12'0 18 14 160 Fast 1 18 36 100 18 '25 13-8 I u An i\o-F\ •• IB 29 360 18 47 2^5 18 36 61 18 49 13-0 18 38 17-0 18 51 23-5 18 40 27-7 18 .)3 34^0 IS 42 37-5 18 55 44-5 1« 44 48-6 18 57 55-0 18 46 59-2 19 55 18 49 9-5 19 2 150 18 51 19-1 19 4 27-0 18 53 30-5 19 6 38-5 18 55 42-6 19 8 48-0 18 57 5b5 M. >l. 21-12 3 59-93 10 21-12 3 5993 10 2112 3 59-93 10 21-12 3 59-93 10 21-12 3 59-93 10 21-12 3 59 93 10 21-12 3 59-93 10 21-12 3 59-93 10 21-12 3 59-93 10 21-12 3 59-93 10 21-12 3 59 23 10 21-12 3 59-93 10 2112 3 59-93 10 21-1-2 3 59 93 II. M. S. 18 14 50 88 18 10 16-07 18 25 48'88 18 21 13-87 18 30 11-88 18 -25 36-07 18 36 41 38 18 32 617 18 38 51-88 18 34 17-07 18 41 •2-38 18 36 27-77 18 43 12-88 18 38 37-57 18 45 23 38 18 40 48-67 18 47 33-88 18 42 59-27 18 49 44-38 18 45 9-57 18 51 53-88 18 47 1917 18 54 .5-88 18 49 30-57 18 56 17-38 18 51 4267 18 58 26-88 18 53 51 57 4 34-81 4 35-01 4 35-31 4 36-21 4 34-81 4 34-61 4 35-31 4 34-71 4 34-61 4 34 81 4 34-71 4 35-31 4 34-71 4 3.V31 14) 69-24 Mean difference of longitude obtained on August 24-4 34-95 Signals made on August 26, 1845, from 8 h. lo 9 h. L.ike Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog House's Point Lake Memphramagog ! 2277 House's Point Lake Memphramagog Rouse's Point Lake Mompliram.igog Rouse's Point Lake Memphramagog Rouse's Point 2277 2557 18 38 44-0 18 27 49'8 Past 10 20-91 4 2-04 18 '28 '23-09 18 23 47-76 4 35-33 2277 2557 18 40 52 8 18 29 58-8 „ 10 20-91 „ 4 204 18 30 31-89 18 25 56-76 4 35-13 2277 25.57 18 43 4-0 18 32 U-4 „ 10 20-91 „ 4 204 18 32 43-09 18 28 7-62 4 35-47 2277 2557 IS 47 26-2 18 36 320 „ 10 20-91 4 204 18 37 5-29 18 32 29-96 4 3.V33 2277 2557 18 49 38-7 18 38 44-3 10 20-91 „ 4 2-04 18 39 17-79 18 34 42-26 4 35-53 2277 2557 18 51 49-2 18 40 550 10 '20'91 „ 4 •2'04 18 41 28-29 18 36 52-UC Carried forward 4 35-33 .. 3212 29 Namr of SuUim. Chmiio- nictvni' No*. t'lMiiiM ubaerved. B. M. t. Lak« Mi>iii|>hramiH(OK 9277 18 33 58-5 Hoiko'k Toint 2057 IH 43 4*4 l^kc Meni|)lii'aiiingo|( 2277 18 56 7-G Unuie'* i'niiit 2557 18 45 13-3 l.akf MiMiipl.riimaffojf 2277 19 28-8 Uouac'a I'oiiit 2657 18 49 34-5 Lnkf Meinphr.miaguK 2277 19 2 :I8U Houic'» Point 2557 18 51 443 Lake Memphr«m«KO(( 2277 19 4 49-7 Hoiisf's I'l.int 2557 18 53 55-4 Lake MtmphrainiigoK 2277 19 C 59"i Rouie'd Point .. 2557 18 50 4-9 Uke Mcinpl.ranm«og 2277 19 9 90 House's Point 2557 18 58 14-6 Ukf MimphramiigoK 2277 19 11 19-2 House's Point . . 2567 19 24-8 Lnkv- ■• .-.J.ramajrtig I 2277 19 13 28-7 Hour's Point ..I 2557 I 19 2 34-J Rrroni of Cliroiin. I True Sidl. Time on 8Ij 47-60 •91 ., 10 21-12 '8 36 41-38 18 34 47-75 1 53^63 Luke Memphramagog Richford 2277 2419 1582 18 18 49 36 13-0 58-50 -37 „ 10 21-12 18 38 51-88 18 36 58-4 J 1 53-43 Lake Memphramagog Richford 2277 2419 1582 18 18 51 39 23-5 9-10 •03 „ "» 21-12 18 41 '2-38 18 39 9-06 1 5,V32 Lake Mempliramagog Richford 2277 2419 1582 18 18 53 41 34-0 19-40 •19 „ 10 21-12 18 43 12-88 18 41 19-29 1 53-59 Lake Memphramagog Richford 2277 •-'419 1582 18 18 65 43 415 30-20 •14 ., 10 21-12 18 45 23-38 18 43 3017 1 53-21 Carried forward . . 46-07 At Richford, the flashes were observed on two chronometers. The mean of the two is used.— W. R. ..,£SS£i^-aS* 32 Nome of atation. Clirono- mctera' No8. Lake Mompliramnpog I 227 7 Kichfonl -I '^j];! lo82 Flasliep obBorved. Errors of Clironrs i True Sidl. Time nn Sidl. Time , of of Stution. Oliwrvtttiou. Lake Menipliramagog Uicht'ord Lake Mempliramagog Hiohford Lake Mcmphrnmasog Kicliford Lake Meniphramngog Richford Lake Meini'liranngog Uiihfoni 2277 2419 1582 2277 2410 1582 2277 2419 1582 2277 2419 1582 2277 2419 1582 H. M. S. 18 57 55-0 18 45 40-90 •80 19 5-5 18 47 50-90 51-05 19 ■-> 15-0 18 50 1 00 -21 19 4 27-0 18 52 11-80 ■90 19 6 38 5 18 54 23-90 -92 19 8 480 18 56 33 10 •29 Fast 10 21-12 10 --'1-12 U» 21-12 . Ikouglit forward I i H. M. S. : 18 47 33-88 18 45 40-85 18 49 44-38 18 47 50-97 18 51 53-88 18 50 1-10 10 21-12 18 54 5-88 18 52 11-88 10 2112 10 2112 18 5G 17-38 18 54 23-91 18 58 2fi-88 18 56 33-19 Difference of LoDKitude. 46-07 M. S. 1 53-03 1 53-41 1 52-78 1 5400 1 53-47 1 53-69 19) 6'-45 Mean difference . ■ev.sr.!.' ' <>'> Augu August 24, l>y 19 observatioi-s = 1 53-50 Signals made on Augnst36, 1B45. from 8h. to 9h. p.m. approximate .olar time 'g Lake Meniph' Ricljtbrd fl;"g ■ii;--: Lake Meiiipbrnmagog Uiclilbrd Lake MemphramacoL' Rioliford Lake Memphramagog Kichfurd Lake Mempbramagog Uiehford Lake Mouipbramagog Kicht'ord Lake Memphratnagog Richford Lake Meirplu-niiumog Richtbrd Lake Menipliraniagog Richford Lake ;.Iiiuphra 32 47-45 1 54-11 Lake Memphramagog Richford 2277 2419 1582 19 47 9-0 19 33 0-55 •31 „ 10 14^84 19 36 54-16 19 35 0-43 1 53-73 Lake Memphramagog Richford 2277 2419 1582 19 49 20-2 19 37 U-25 •66 „ 10 14-84 19 39 5-36 19 37 11-45 1 53-91 Lake Mcmpliramagog Richford 2277 2419 1582 19 51 32-5 19 39 23-85 •83 „ 10 14-84 19 41 17-66 19 39 23-84 1 53'82 I 45-66 Brought forward H. M. s. 20 16 21-14 20 14 27-93 32-98 M. s. 1 53-21 Lake Meinphramagog Ricliforit 2277 2419 1582 20 32 32-3 20 20 33-25 -35 9 45-66 20 22 46-64 20 20 53-30 1 53-34 1 ske Meniplirainagog Hichford 2277 2419 1582 20 34 40-8 20 23 1-45 50 „ 9 45-66 20 24 55-14 20 23 1-47 1 53-67 Lake Mcmphramagog Richford 2277 -2419 1582 20 36 49-40 20 25 10-35 9 45-66 20 27 3-74 20 25 10-35 1 53-39 Lake Memphrainagog Bichford 2277 2419 1582 20 38 57-60 20 27 18-45 -50 9 45-66 20 29 11-94 20 27 1847 1 53-47 16) 50-06 Mean difference of longitude on Septetnber 16, by 16 observations = 1 63-33 ABSTRACT OF FOREGOING. August 24, mean result of 19 corresponding observations n 26, 16 fi 28. 15 t* 23, 8 ptem ber 8, 22 »t 16. 15 Mean of the above 6 seU, comprising 95 observations = 1 53-72 Richford Sution, west of Lake Mcmphramagog Station (Signed) M. s. 53-50 53-83 63-58 54-11 54-00 53-33 6) 22-35 8= 1 53-72 M. B. 1 53-72 WM. ROBINSON, Captain, Royal Engineers. 38 Arstbact of differences of Longitude determined by Captain Robinson and Lieutenant Pipon of the Royal Engineers, employed on the North American Boundary, under the Treaty of Washington ; in the years 1843, 1844, and 1845. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. !•_>. 13. 14. 1.1. 16. 17. 18, 19 •>0 •21 M. »• 2 19 18 9-60 11-76 2 20-43 1 17-47 2 11-34 1 42-14 1. Between Grand Falls and Little Falls (■ r ^t«dawaska) on the River St. John, New Brunswick o. Grand Fall, and due North Line run by M,,^. vlraham from the monumout at the source of the St. Croix River. By trip.igulat.on . . 3. Grand Falls and the Boundary Line at its junction with the St. John River. By triangulation 4. Little Falls (or Madawaska) and the River St. Francis 5. Mouth of the River St. Francis and the outlet of the Lake I'ohenagamook Mouth of the River St. Francis and the mouth of the Great Black River . . iMouth of the Great Black River and the forks of the River St. John Forks of the River St. John and the North-West Branch Station. By n,easuren>ent 28-47 North-West Branch Station and the South-West Branch point in 46' 25' of latitude 14-30 North-West Branch Station and Lake Hill. By triangulation C -69 . , , . , . . 4 46-32 Lake Hill and Quebec, determined by signals Astronomical Station, Quebec, and flag-staff, N.E. bastion of citadel. By triangulation 3-38 Astronomical Station, Quebec, and Protestant Cathedral. Quebec Astronomical Station, Quebec, and Catholic Cathedral, Quebec . . Quebec and St. Helen's Isl.And St. Helen's Island and Protestant Cathedral. Montreal. By triangulation St. Helen's Island and Catholic Cathedral, Montreal. By triangulation . . St. Helen's Island and St. Regis . . St. Helen's Island and Rouse's Point Rouse's Point and Lake Memphramagog by signiils . . . Lake Memphramagog and Richford. By signals 295 2-85 9 17-73 5-55 5-66 4 29-15 44-09 4 35-08 1 53-72 (Signed) WM. ROBINSON, Captain, Hoyal Engineer*, 39 Gbnbhal Abstract of Latitudes and Longitudes of Stations, determined by Captain Robinson nnd Lioutennnt Pipoii, of the Royal Ennfincera, employed on the North American Boundary, under the Treaty of Washington ; in the years 1843, 1844, and 1845 North ' Latitude. • / » 47 47 2 2 50 55 47 3 36 47 3 OS 47 21 50 47 10 67 47 27 33 4G 56 55 46 56 57 46 34 38 46 41 45 Namu or Station*, Woat Longitude. Time. 46 42 15 46 '24 53 46 25 46 48 5 46 48 26 46 48 40 46 48 43 45 28 45 18 45 (1 28 45 30 53 45 30 26 45 30 21 44 59 59 44 •)!> 35 44 5!) 58^ 45 1 1 A»trononiicnl Station at the (i rand Falls, New Rrunswick Coati'iran's Inn at th;- (Jrand Falls, 505 feet north, and 350 cast of Astronomical Siaiion Due North Line run by Miijor Graham from the Monu- ment at the St. Croix River at its junction with tl'.,- St. John River Boundary Line near Grand Falls, at its junction with the River St. John Astronomical Station at the Little Falls of the I'iver St. .lonn, and near the mouth of the .Miidawaska River . . The station vtas 80 feet north and 70 feet east of the Blockhouse at Madawaska River Astronimiical Station near nuiutli of River St Francis . . The station was 130 feet south and 52 feet west of Hammond's Barn Astronomical Station at outlet of Lake Pohenagamook , . The large iron monument marking the Boundary was placed 66 feet north and 68 feet west nearly of station. Astronomical .Station at motith of Great Black River Centre of Island at 'Ufto, 200 feet i orth and 550 feet east of .Astronomical Station Astronomical Station 1 mile north of the forks of the River St. John The station w.is about 1 mile north of the actual fork of the river, and 441 feet from the water's edge, at the south-east extremity of the 10 mile (by Treaty) Line Astronomical Station at the north-west branch of the River St. John The station was 166 feet fro.n the north-west extremity of the 10-mile Treaty Lim The lar^r-o iron monu- ment at this point to nuirk the end of tlic 64-mile straight line drawn from the outlet of Lake I'lilienaga- mook, was plaie , as was pn t dinbroiK-cs. But still it was found '"■"f„.ri.,g t„. months ..f «-""-• "-^,'5 ^^ jr.l"hc'''K,,rk:! „'as ...ost intense; on several oeeas, . s ■ «^ , ^ ,,„||,. „,„| ,|,„ the mcTcry in the ther.,..im.aLis '"•' ' " V^ '"f.";";'^ , l,,^ i.|„-„non,eter» degree of c.,W e,,,, U ..ot he ..„t . . ^, ,|";;^„*L,„,„Ur. an,l ke|,t were ea.-etully P»<-Ir the ..llleers, vvhieh were in the w„o.le.. I'''''»«» "1^' ,;''f „ " , e„ ,',l,servi..K lor li.ne, they weie IS': Sltl'h;.,"'tt".ne"va,'".IW .VI n,,te., £ ers am«cted bv the col(l. but Parkinsc.n ami Fnulsham 2277, and llcjosS), altered thoir rate considerably. 1(1^ bv a new roat to m. i nonius, .ii.>. .-" ■-•;•■• , .,.„..e hv ......Uear^i'if U, Riv..-..v ,1.. ;-;M;.,-\l-'t;..eh''" T^r- - rron, ",he,,e. the Tr a L,ne 3 to Ijo J..., ;-^>;"th;'';;,nai...l..r 'of the SlnU,-!,;::":,- ^ery.™.g,.^o.l: j'^V *;,-'— C'^^i to have su(re.ed n,..te,;.nlly ... '""f'r" ; '■'Y .' ' " ,,\ l,,,. u...l we.e T;-zs:::tX ha:c^o'5."Kr:;;e;s|i'^e ^^. j^, ^-^^ - «"; S toler.i.. 1°.. Il- .•■..n.,...„.e.ne„t of o|,,.rati.,.,s at the s!;;:tU Weit Br'nel" The.e «e,e ..o .,.,■»..« ..I aseer.a g the rates of '"'t^S!::^^^:.^::^^^^ re e.l a,, ,1,1, ti.e a. the NorthWcst.Hrai.eh.^^|.|^,l„^,,„,|, I „„,„,,,, ,■ 'r"Sv em leteT he '.SI ro,....,ical pa. lies ,e.a»,e.,.l.le< at the wttwes/liam'h S;.. Captai., Itolm.so.. es,al,lishe.l his stat.cn,, .....I North-VNost manin. Nvii^i ,',„..„,. ..-ju i,;^ (.luononieters and nistru- Lieutenant ^^V-^l^r-^^ ?,. ^d .- .1 u'th South- West Branch, to ,nents down tlie N<>'^t'^■)\'^^^^ ^ :\' V \v ere the parallel of iatitu.lc 4^ 23' find the pouit reqmre' ^^ ^ ^*^,;,i,j '.r^.r ^ upon wmmmmm '^o ft e nv th of Auiiust, after which Lieutenant Pipon returned to th^Nor 1^" tal--. .n>c-eed.d fron. thence to Quebec, to nh.ch no n^ he Astronon.ical Stations iiitherto observed bH>rn -re o be Pof ... -.,1 The chronometers w<>n. earned by hand to S 1 ho.nas ho.Vro nnd n a sorim'-wa-Lron from thence to Quebec. Alter vvh.ch ?!i(^ r^n? Pi 0=;^ met;^s received very little shaking, vmtd the c/'mpietion of 'the work. And from this date a more complete detad ul their rates can be given. 4a The length of tiino necessary <<> obtain interchanueH of I'hronometerM between Quebec and the Noith-NVest llrani-Ii, and the uadnes^p of the road which the chronometerH wouhl ha\c to travel over, rocjuired that some other means shoidd l)e ado|)te(l in (.htaininj;- the diflcrencc of longitude, and the system ofobservinfj; sijjnals simultancouMly w«h resorted to. Kor this purpose Captain Robinson moved his observatory to the top ol a hill about two miles west ol" the North-West Hranch Station (which he con- nectetl with it by triangulation), from whicli hill he i-ould see the dividing ranii^e between the St. Lawrence and St. John waters. This range waH also visible from the heights of Quebec, on a part of which, near the Plains of Abraham, Lieutenant Pipon's .Astronomical station has been established. A pari) was sent under Serjeant MeCluckin, Uoyal Sappers and MinerB. to select a convenient spot on the highest part of this range to (ire Hashes of gunpowder from ; he was provided with a pocket chronometer adjusted to Quebec mean time, and was desiretl to lire Hashes of gunp»)W(ler at ten minute intervals, commencing each evening at H, and continuing until 10 p. M. The (juantity of gunpowder used for each Hash varied from a (]uarter to a half a ])ound. The hill from which tiie (lashes wen^ fired was nearly due east of Quebec, and about iorly miles distant; beii\g thickly wooded, and the party not being able t«» clear sulliciently to see olf the summit in both directions, a high [ilatform was erected, and a contrivance was also adopted for firing the Hashes from the top of a liigli tree, by hoisting the cliarge, with a slow match attached to it. by means of a pulley fastened to a branch near the top. The result of the flashing was very successful : on a clear night the Hi'shes were seen distinctly f'ro'M Quebec Observatory with the naked eye, but were generally observed with the telescope. Simultaneous observa- tions were made on si.\ different evenings, in which forty-six Hashes were noted, the difference obtained by which agree very closely with each other. Captain Robinson and Lieutenant Pipon each afterwards made an attempt to get the difference of longitude between their stations bv transmission of their pocket chronometers ; but the result so obtained was worthless compared with tliat deduced from the flashes. Tlu'se observations being com|)leted, Captain Robinson left the woods, and having selected a site" on St. Helen's Island for an astronomical station to be prepared for him by the foHowing spring, left his chrono- meters in charge of a non-coinniissi(«ied oHicer of Sappers at Montreal, to be wound up and conipared during the winter, and wont to England. He took home with him one of the bo.\ clirononieters (Heyes 51), which had been found to be most affected by change of temperature, and in thesp.ing brought sidereal chronometer (Molyneux 943) in the place of it. Lieutenant I'ipon remained at Quebec during the winter, principally for the purpose of observing lunar transits for absolute longitude. On Captain Robinson's return in the spring, intci changes of cluono- meters were made between the Quebec and St. Helen's stations; these were obtained witii great facility, the chronometers being conveyed between the two places by the si. anurs which run daily. h'roni Quebec Lieuti'nent Pipon moved to the extreme west end of the North-Kast Houndary where the ISth parallel intersects the St. Lavv- renee at St. Regis, ancl made interchanges between St. Helen's and St. Regis. In making these the chronometers were taken across between St. Regis and Cornwall, by canoe, and from thence to Montreal and back, by the ref^ular mail conveyance, which is part steamer and part coach. Lieutenant Pipon's chronometers were not used for any further inter- changes. Captain Robinstm obtaine»l the difference of longitude between his station at St. Helen's and Major Graham's station at Tnuse's Point, bv interchanges of chronometers ina similar manner to tho.se described. ■ 'Ihe difference of longitude between St Regis and St. Helen's having been ascertained, and also that between Rouse's Point and St. Helen's, by the transmission of chronometers, an opportunity was afiorded of testuig the accuracy of these observations, and of getting a more correct deter- mination of the difference of longitude- betw!>cn the astronomic!il stations at St. Regis and Rouse's Point, which were about sixty-fou.- mdes apart, Ir 44 and on the 45th panillol. From a hill near tho villafre of St. Rcffin. an.l about half a n.ilr Iron, thr station, a ianf,n. o l"Kl'l'i'j'!; ^v,ns seen pxtendins t.> tho south and south-enst, and appan-ntly Iron, thirty to lorty '"''Ticu'tenant Pipon suKRCstod to ColonH Kstcourt the prolmhility of some part of this ran^^e hrinft- visil.le fr..m the ''"'f? ''".':",'2"* '/.f Major (iriham's stati.m at Ho.iso's I'ou.t ; an of trying to obtain the dilhTcnr.. of longitude by sunullanoons obscrvationn ol'siun-ds made at suc-h a point. Major (Jraham imnn-diatciv eoneurred with this proposition, and haviuK ascertained bv bearing. a'n'^< '"S'.v brieht, but this was not found materially to increase the dil iculty ol observing the flashes, which could be seen in that clear atmosphere very distinctly with the naked eve, although the distance of the hill (Lyon Mountain) on which they Were lircd, was afterwards ascertained to be ibrtv-three miles. , . .■ The difference of ' ngitude between Rou.se's Point and a station on tne 45th parallel neai Lake Mempiiramagog. taken up by Captain Robinson, was afterwards obtained in a similar manner by observations of flashes fired from the top of a mountain called Jay Peak. The difference between Rouse's Point and a station on the 4oth parallel at Richford, taken up bv one of tiie American parties, and between Riehford and Lake Memphramagog, were found m the same manner. Comparisons of chronometers were made by the American astrono- mical parties between Rouse's Point and Albany, and again between Albany and Cambridge Observatory at Boston, by which means the whole of the astronomical stations ahmg the iioundary and those ol Quebec, St. Helen's, &,c., are connected with Bost(m. A copy of the observations of flashes between Quebec an(f the hill near the North-West Branch, called Lake Hill, and of those between St. Regis and Rouse's Point, are appended to this report ; aiul also an abstracted account of the rates of the chronometers used by Lieutenant Pipon during the expedition, taken from the Book of ( omnansons, in which the rates may be found rather more in detail, if reciuired. March 1846. (Signed) JOHN H. PlPON, Lieutenant, Royal Encjineers. 45 Sidcrrul Box Chroiiomptor Krodsham 2. ■tatioii. Greenwich On imiiKiii;e out Madawutka Ditto I'ohonai^amnnk llliick ItiTer . . Ditto . . Ditto . Ditto . Soutii-Wcst Hraiich QhpIm'c Ditto . . Ditto . . Ditto . . Ditto . , Ditto . Ditto . . Ditto . . Ditto . . St. Ki-(!i4 Ditto . . Iliinsi'ltown Oki*. 1843 April Anril Sit May f July AllgllHt St'pt. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1844 Jiuiuury July St'pt. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1S4.5 Jatiunry Feb. March April May June July August RltM. or mewi Rm(* durini month. .I'trml^d during thd VroM I'o miitith. + l»-t + 2 40 — 03 + 1 (i.T + 2 10 + 1 2t» + 0'5:J —0-74 — I 54 — 00 —0-51 — 0C4 — 1-35 — I 70 + 0-45 — O'iO —0-72 — 010 + 1-08 — 3 (J4 — 1 7 —a 24 —2 '54 — I •8.5 — .i'2C — 1 .30 -4 So -S-74 -2-40 -3-44 -COO -615 KuiiitRa, At (iri'ciiwich OhivrvBtory, from March 28 to April la. -0 4; + 185 Q ijji' Kept ill Mock-home; never moved — I ,11 + 26 In camp. -fOm Intent. + 20 In log-hut. -1 54 " •44I • 88 69 •2 71 -3 49 Ditto. Sent with pockvt chrunometeri for com|Mriion. In house Warmed by »tove. 6 '85 —2-70 9-24 —3-91 4-38 -2-77 2-83 -1 90 5-50 — 2-17< .7-68 —3-78 5 48 — 2-88 ■6 -75 —616 Sent to .St. Helen's with pocket chrononioter for comparison for difference of longitude. Sitlereal Box Chronometer Arnold 341. (Standard.) (ireenwieh On passage out .Mad.twaska Ditto . I^ake I'oheuaganook Ditto . . Hlack Itivcr . . Ditto . Ditto . . Ditto .. Ditto . . Sou»h-We8t Branch Quebec, , Ditt3 . . I84r April April ic I .May ( July .'\uj^ust August Sept. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1844 Jauuary July Sept. Oct. -t-0-6 -fO-34 -fO-25 —1-89 — 1'87 — 2-25 -f016 —0-13 —0-78 •fO-26 — 04 -fO-14 -3-0 — 1-80 — 1 03 —2 -53 —3 -26 — S '16 — 1 -62 — 84 — 3-54 —0-25 —0-83 — i06 —0-77] —0-48 — O'SiJ —0-41 -2-27 —2 -22 —2-25 — 0-52] — 0'48' —2-85' — 1-83 —Oil — 0-51 —0-29 Kate noted at Observatory from March 28 to April 15. Kept iu the block-house when not observing. Temperature very even. Kept in tent. In tent. In wooden house with stove. Tem- perature in house occasionally below xero, Fahrenheit. In tent. N 46 Sidereal Box Chronometer 341. -{Continued.) Date. Rates. Average or mean Station. Range during month. of Kates determined during the month. Rkmarks. From To Quebec Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto St. Regis Ditto Russeltown 1844 Nov. Dec. 1845 Jnmmry Feb. March April May June July August s. + 001 _0-.34 + 0-20 + 0-12 + 0-12 + 1 -39 + 2 06 + 1-61 + 1-61 + 1-76 s. — 64 —0-41 — 0-88 —0-48 + 1-09 + 0-94 + 0'46 + 0-88 + 0-89 + 1-17 s. —0-31 —0-36 -0 47 _0'09 + 0-61 + 1-36 + 1-20 H '25 + 1-18 + 1-51 The chronometers at Quebec wera kept in one of tlio soldiers' rooms in the cavairy barrnirks adjoining the Observatory, The temper- ature was generally tolerably oven, but the stamiard was exposed to very severe cold wlien carried to the" Observatorv on nights that observations were being made. At St. Regis and Russeltown the chronometers were kept in camp, in a box buried under ground to protect them from tlie heat whieh was very great. Mean Time Pocket Chronometer Molyneux 3148. 1843 Greenwich On passage out Madawaska Ditto . . Lake Pohenagamook Great Black River Ditto . . Ditto . . North- West Branch Quebec. . Ditto . . Ditto . . Ditto . . Ditto , . Ditto . Ditto . Ditto . . Ditto . . St. Regis Ditto . . Rate, obtained from chronometers. Travelling frequently between as- tronomical stations. Ditto. Ditto. .\t Forks of the St. John, Making interchanges. iRept perfectly still. Travelling betwci-n Quebec and Montreal. Ditto, 8c. Kegi" ".ltd Montreal. Mean Time Pocket Chronometer Molyneux 3226. Greenwich On passage out Madawaska Ditto . . Polienaganook . , 1843 April -48 April -4 50 Julv + .•?•:',.'> + <»-53 + !-aP August + 2-96 + 2-43 + 2 02) , , Sept. +4-93 + 3-15 + 3-78 Traveiling bet>veen astrnuomical stations frequerily. Ditto, 47 Mean Time Pocket Chronometer No. 3226. — (Continued.) Date. Rates. Average or mean of Ratee determined du.'ing the mouth. Station. Range during month. RiMAHKS. From To 1843 s. 8. 8. Black River Oct Nov. "j + 3-83 + 2-82 + 3-29 Ditto Dec. 1844 I Jan. At Forks of St. John. South-West Branch . . Quebei^ . Ditto July Sept. Oct. + 9-09 + 10-31 + 13-15 + 8-53 + 12-79 + 12-37 + 8-71 + 11 -641 + 12 92 Travelling between stations. At Indian range with Serjeant McGuckin. Ditto Nov. + 15-08 + 12-45 + 14-02 Ditto Dec. 1845 + 1609 + 8-72 + 13-89 Ditto January + 16 02 + 14-27 + 15-49 At Quebec. Ditto Feb. + 19-97 + 12-79 + 16-14 Ditto March + 19 58 + 14-15 + 16-88 Ditto Ditto St. Regis April May June + 19-92 + 17-33 + 22-97 + 15-37 + 15-37 + 11-77 + 16-84 + 16 "521 + 17 "371 Travelling between Quebec and Montreal. Ditto, between Montreal and St. Regis. Ditto . . July + 15-96 + 11-04 + 12-75 Mean Time Pocket Chronometer Molyneux 3227. 1843 Greenwich April —0-5 ■ On passage out Madawaska Ditto April July August + 3-46 + 2-81 + 0-91 + 0-00 — 4-91 + 2-02 + 1-35 Travelling frequently between as- tronomical stations. Ditto. I'ohenaganook . . Sept. + 8-97 + 3-51 + 5-51 Ditto. Black River . . Oct. Nov. Dec, 1844 Jan. + 8-87 + 6-29 + 7-29 Ditto. At Forks of St. John. South-West Branch , . July + 6-06 —2-18 + 3-60 Travelling between stations. (»--bec Sept. + 1 -65 — 1-89 —0-14 Ditto Oct. + 3-46 + 37 + 1 -54 Ditto .. Nov. + 7-96 + 2 92 + 4-72 Ditto D. flashes of gunpowder fired on the top of an intermediate hill. Quebec Lake Hill Qufbec Luke Hill Quebec Lake Hill Quebec Lake Hill Name of Station. Date, Hour, and Minute, Flashes observed. Errors of Clironrs. on Sidl. Time of Station. Siderenl Time of Observation Difference of Longitude. Quebec Lake Hill . . 1844 "• ^'■ Sep. 23, 8 H. M. s. 20 'J r>H 20 9 ao M. S 11-53 fast 2 5-29 slow H. M. s. 20 6 46-47 20 11 35-29 yi. S. 4 48-82 Quebec Lake Hill . . „ „ 8 10 20 17 34 20 20 14-.J 11 •.'J3 fast 2 5'29 slow 20 17 22-47 -20 22 19-79 4 57-32 * reject Quebec Lake Hill . . „ „ 8 20 20 27 5-G L>0 29 36-.') 11-53 fast 2 5 29 slow 20 26 54-07 20 31 41-79 4 47-72 Quebec Lake Hill . . .. .. 8 30 20 36 59'5 20 39 31 11-53 last 2 5-29 slow 20 36 47-97 20 41 36-29 4 48-32 Quebec Lake Hill . . „ „ 8 40 20 48 14-1 20 r>0 44-.') 11-53 fast 2 5-29 slow 20 48 2-57 •20 52 49-79 4 47-22 Quebec Lake Hill . , .,.,9 21 7 22-3 21 9 53 11-53 fast 2 5-29 8lo-.v 21 7 10-77 21 11 58-29 4 47-52 Quebec Lake Hill . „ .. 9 10 21 10 ,-)5-3 21 19 27 11-53 fast 2 5-29 slow 21 16 43-97 21 21 3-2-29 4 48-32 Quebec Lake Hill . . „ ., 9 20 21 27 21 21 29 52 11-53 fast 2 5-29 slow 21 27 9-46 21 31 57-29 4 47 82 Quebec LakelliU.. .. ,. 9 30 •>l 3(i 44-2 21 3;) 155 11-53 fast 2 5 29 slow 21 30 32-07 •Jl 41 •20-79 4 48-12 Quebec Lake Hill . .. ,. 9 -10 21 47 2-5 21 49 33'5 11-53 fast 2 5-29 slow 21 46 50 97 21 51 38-79 4 47 82 Quebec Lake Hill . . ,. .. 9 50 Sum of U 21 58 43-5 22 1 14 ) observationB . . 11-53 fast 2 5 29 s ow 21 58 39-97 22 3 19-29 10 4 47-32 ) 47 59-00 Mean difference of longitude by flashes obser\ed on September 23 = 4 4790 Sep. 25. 8 .. „ 8 10 „ ,. 8 40 „ .. 8 50 20 16 9-5 20 18 40 '20 28 •2-6 ■20 .10 33 '20 58 ,54 21 1 24-5 22 5 31-4 22 8 1 -5 99 1 fa«t 2 6-21 slow 9-91 fast 2 G-21 slow 9-91 fast 2 6-21 slow 9-91 fast 2 6-21 slow 20 15 ,';9-59 '20 -20 46-21 '20 27 5209 '20 32 3921 ■20 58 44-09 21 3 30-71 '22 5 21-49 22 10 7-71 Sum of 4 observations 4 40 02 4 46-52 4 40-62 4 46-22 4) 10 5-98 Mean difference of longitude by flashes observed ou September -25 = 4 46-49 • Probably an error of 10 secondi. 49 Name of Station. Date, Hour, and Minute. Flaahes obserred. Errors of Chronrs. on Sidl. Time of SUtion. Sidereal Time of ObserratioD. Difference of Longitude. Quebec Lake Hill , 1844 Sep. 27, H. M. 8 20 II M. 8. 20 42 34-6 20 45 4 H. 2 9- 10 fast 7-15 slow H. M. 8. 20 42 2550 20 47 1115 M. 8. 4 45-65 Quebec Lake Hill >i 1* 8 30 20 53 139 20 55 44 2 9-10 fast 7'15 slow 20 53 4-80 20 57 51-15 4 46-35 Quebec Lake Hill . '» ti 8 50 21 13 19-5 21 15 49-5 2 9- 10 fast 7-15 slow 21 13 10-40 21 17 56-65 4 46-25 Quebec Like Hill . 11 tt 9 20 21 43 23-4 21 45 535 2 9-10 fast 715 slow 21 43 14-30 21 48 0-65 4 46-35 Quebec Lake Hill . i» i» 9 40 22 3 23 22 5 52-5 2 9-10 fast 7-15 slow 22 3 13-90 22 7 59-65 4 45-75 Quebec Lake Hill . »» »i 9 50 22 13 31-7 22 16 1-5 2 9-10 fast 7' 15 slow 22 13 22-60 22 18 8-65 4 46-05 Quebec Lake Hill . i» »i 10 22 22 49 5 22 25 19 2 9-10 fast 715 slow 22 22 40-40 22 27 26-15 4 45-75 Sura of 7 observa 7) 33 22-15 Mean difference of longitude by flashes observed on September 27 = 4 46-02 Quebec Uke Hill Quebec Lake Hill Quebec Lake Hill Quebec Lake Hill Quebec I^kc Hill Quebec Lake Hill Quebec Lake Hill Quebec Uke Hill Quebec Lake Hill Quebec Lake Hill Quebec Lake Hill Quebec Lake Hill Sep. 28, 8 ,, ., 8 10 „ „ 8 20 „ „ 8 40 „ „ 8 50 „ .. 9 ,, „ 9 10 .. ,. 9 20 >, „ 9 30 „ „ 9 40 „ „ 9 50 „ 10 20 26 52-2 20 29 22 20 36 50-5 •20 39 19-5 20 50 9-6 20 52 39 21 7 25-8 21 9 55 21 17 30-5 20 20 21 27 26-7 21 29 56 21 37 19-7 21 39 49 21 47 6-4 21 49 35-5 21 37 9-7 21 59 39 22 7 10-8 22 9 40 22 17 31-3 22 20 22 27 18-1 22 29 46-5 8-35 fast 2 8-23 slow 835 fast 2 8-23 slow 8-35 fast 2 8-23 slow 8-35 fast 2 8-23 slow 8-35 fast 2 8-23 slow 8-35 fast 2 8-23 slow 8-35 fast 2 8-23 slow 8-35 fast 2 8-23 slow 8-35 fast 2 8-23 slow 8-35 fast 2 8-23 slow 8-35 fast 2 8 23 slow 8-35 fast 2 8-23 slow Sum of 1 2 observation* Mean difference of longitude by flashes observed on September 28 =: 4 45'76 20 26 43-85 20 31 30-23 4 46-38 20 36 20 41 42-15 27-73 4 45-58 20 50 1-25 20 54 47-23 4 45-98 21 7 21 12 17-45 3-23 4 45-78 21 17 21 22 22-15 8-23 4 46-08 21 27 21 32 18-35 4-23 4 45-88 21 37 21 41 11-35 57-23 4 45-88 21 46 21 51 58-05 43-73 4 45-68 21 57 22 1 1-35 47-23 4 45-88 22 7 22 11 2-45 48-23 4 45-78 22 17 22 22 22-95 8-23 4 45-28 22 27 22 31 9-75 54-73 4 44-93 . . 12) 57 9-16 50 Kane of Station. Date, Hour, and Minute, Flash qbaerved. Error of Clironrs. on Sidl. Time of Stations. fiidereal Ti-ne of Obaerration. Difference of Longitude. Quebec Lake Hill . . 1844 H. M. Sep. 30. 8 10 n. M. s. 20 44 36-4 20 47 3 M. s. 8-26 fast 2 10-81 slow H. M. s. 20 44 28- 14 •20 49 13-81 M s. 4 46-67 Quebec Lake Hill . . „ .. 8 20 20 55 3-5 20 57 30 8-26 fast 2 10-81 slow 20 54 55-24 20 59 40-81 4 45-57 Quebec Lake Hill . . .. ., 8 40 21 15 19-5 21 17 46 8-26 fast 2 10-81 slow 21 15 11-24 21 19 56-81 4 45-57 Quebec Lake Hill . . „ ,, 8 50 21 25 29-6 21 27 55 8-26 fast 2 10-81 slow 21 25 21-34 21 30 5-81 4 44-47 Quebec Lake Hill . . .... 9 21 35 25-6 21 37 52 8-26 fast 2 10-81 slow 21 35 17-34 21 40 2-81 4 45-47 Quebec Lake Hill . . „ .. 9 10 21 45 27-3 21 47 53 8-26 fast 2 10-81 slow 21 45 19-04 21 50 3-81 4 44-77 Quebec Lake Hill . . „ .. 9 20 21 55 26-4 21 57 53 8-26 fust 2 1081 slow 21 55 18-14 22 3-81 4 45-67 Quebec Lake Hill . . „ .. 9 50 22 25 47-6 22 28 14 8-26 fast 2 10-81 slow 22 25 39-34 22 30 24-81 4 45-47 Sum of 8 ( )bservations . 8) 38 2-66 Meau difference of longitude by flashes observed on September 30 = 4 45-33 Quebec Lake Hill . . Quebec Lake Hill . . Quebec Lake Hill . . Quebec Lake Hill . Quebec Lake Hill . . Oct. 2, 8 20 ,, .. S 30 „ .. 8 40 .. V 8 50 .. ,. 9 21 1 16-2 21 3 40-5 21 11 7-5 21 13 3-2-5 21 20 53-.S 21 23 18-3 21 31 54-6 21 34 19-5 21 41 38-3 21 44 3 8-26 fast 2 13-45 slow 8-26 fast 2 13-45 slow 8-26 fast 2 13-45 slow 8-26 fast 2 13-4J slow 8 26 fast 2 13-45 slow Sum of 5 observations 21 1 7-94 21 5 53-95 4 46-1 21 10 59-24 21 15 45-95 4 46-71 21 20 45-54 21 25 31-95 4 46-41 21 31 46-34 21 36 32-95 4 46-61 21 41 30-04 21 46 16 45 4 46-41 5) 23 52- 15 Mean difference of longitude by flashes observea on October 2 = 4 46-43 ABSTltACT OF FOREGOING. September 23, mean result of corrcspon.iiug observaiioua 25. 27, ., 28.- 30, October 2, .. " of 10 flashes = 4 4790 14 11 ^ 11 46-49 7 t» ^— »» 46-02 12 11 = 11 45-76 8 = »1 45-33 5 11 ^ ,, 46-43 6) 277-93 Astronomical Station at Lake Hill, east of Astronomical Station at Quebec 4 (Signed) 46-32 JOHN H. I'IPON, LitnitmanU Ro,vnl Kniftnetrt. M The flashes observed at St. Regis were noted with the sidereal ehro- nometer Frodsham 2, which had to be carried each evening from the Observatory to the top of the hill, a distance of rather more than half a mile, but was compared with the standard before leaving and after returning to the Observatory. The error of chronometer FrodsH ti 2 is deduced as under: — Date, Hour, and Minute, Time by Standard Chronometer. From Transit Book. Stand. Cliron. fast. True Sidereal Time of Statiou. Titn« by Frodaham No. 2. Frodsham No. 2. Fast. Mean Error at Time of Observation. 11. M. II. M. S. M. S. H. M. .s. H. M. M. 8. S. H. M. July 14, 7 10 10 10 14 40 8-5 17 37 9-0 1 25-87 1 26-07 14 38 42-63 17 35 42-93 14 39 17 36 17-37 17-07 17-i6al9 15 „ 15 7 55 15 25 11-0 1 27-53 15 23 43 47 15 24 16-53 16-25 at 9 40 »» 11 20 18 51 11-8 1 27-79 18 49 44-01 18 50 15-99 .. 17 8 11 40 15 42 18-7 19 23 19-5 1 29-44 1 29-60 15 40 4926 19 21 49-90 15 41 19 23 10-74 10-10 ho-42at9 .50 „ 18 8 20 16 5 25-4 1 30-35 16 3 5.5-05 16 4 4-95 i 4-77 at 9 30 .. 11 40 19 23 26-0 1 30-47 19 21 5533 19 22 4-45 „ 19 8 5 11 40 15 53 30-5 19 22 31-5 1 31-24 1 31-.19 15 51 59-26 19 21 O-Il 15 52 19 21 0-74 Slow 0-11 I 0-30 at 9 50 Obseuvations for Difference of Longitude between the Astronomical Stations of Lieutenant Pipon, R yal Engineers, at St. Regis, and Major Graham, United States' Topogra[)hical Engineers, at Rouse's Point, by flashes of gunpowder and rockets lired from the top of Lyon Mountain, New York. Name of Station. Date, Hour, and Miuute. Flash observed. Error of Chronrs. on Sidl. Time of Station. Sidereal Time of Observation. Difference of Longitude. St. Regis •Rouse's I'oint St. Hetfis •Rouse's Point July 14, 8 „ ., 8 M. 45 50 II. M. d16 16 13 39 16 21 13 44 8. 2-0 17-8 3-5 17-6 H. M. S. 17-16 fast 4 49 24-18 „ (On mean time.l 17-16 „ 4 49 24-18 „ H. M. S. 16 15 44S4 16 20 59-39 16 -20 46 34 16 26 00-01 M. ii. + 5 1455 + reject. 5 13-67 St. Ueffis . • Rouse's I'oint ■I » 8 65 16 26 13 49 3-5 l«-6 17-16 „ 4 49 24-18 „ 16 25 46-34 16 ;!0 59-83 5 13-49 St. Re^is •Ro««e'g Point *» »i -^ 16 31 13 54 5-0 17-7 17-16 „ 4 49 24-18 „ 16 30 47-84 16 36 01-75 6 13-91 St. ReKis Rouse's Point »* 7« y 5 16 36 16 44 60 36-2 17-16 „ 3 33 93 „ 16 35 48-84 16 41 0227 5 13-43 St. Regis Rouse's Point n »♦ ^ 10 dI6 41 16 49 6-3 370 17-16 „ 3 33-93 „ 16 40 49-34 16 46 03-07 5 13-73 St. Regis . . •Rouse's Point n »» -f 15 16 46 14 09 7-3 17-6 17-16 „ 4 49 24-18 „ 16 45 ,'J014 16 51 04-12 5 13-98 Carried forward 31 2221 Those observations fflBfted thiia (*) -Aorp r.nt?.-? with s moan timp rhronometpr. Tltosp marked thus (d) have not been quite so well observed as the others. 52 Nome of Station. Date, Hour, and Minute. Flash observed. Error of Chronrs. on Sidl. Time of Station. Sidereal Time of Observation. Difference of Longitude, _ Broiiplit forward 31 2221 St. Regis Rouse's Point 1844 n. M- .Inly 14, 9 20 11. M. ». 16 51 8-0 16 59 38-2 H. M. s. 17-16 fast 3 33-93 „ H. .M. S. 16 M) 50-84 16 56 04-27 M. 8. 5 13-43 St. Regis Rouse's Point „ „ 9 25 16 56 8-5 17 4 39-0 17-16 ., 3 33-93 „ 16 55 51-34 17 1 05-07 5 13-73 St. Regis Rouse's Point „ „ 9 30 17 1 10-3 17 9 40-5 17-16 ., 3 33-93 „ 17 53 14 17 6 6-57 5 13-43 Sum of 9 observationg 9) 47 2-80 Mean difference of longitude by flaslies observed on July 14-5 13-64 St. Regis •Rouse's I'oint St. Regis •Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Rpfris •Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouses Point July 15, 8 30 8 35 8 40 8 45 8 50 8 55 9 9 5 9 10 9 15 9 -20 , 9 25 , 9 30 „ 9 35 „ 9 40 ,. 9 45 „ 9 50 „ 10 .. 10 5 16 4 52-7 13 24 13-0 16 9 53-4 13 29 12-8 16 14 54-5 16 23 26-3 16 19 55-5 16 28 27-2 16 24 56 13 44 13 16 29 56-3 16 38 28-1 16 34 58-6 16 43 30 3 16 39 59 16 48 30-8 16 44 59-2 16 d3 30-9 16 50 0-3 16 58 32 16 55 1-5 17 3 33-5 17 2-3 17 8 34-1 17 5 3 17 13 34-5 17 10 3-5 17 18 35-3 17 15 4-8 17 23 36-8 17 20 5-4 17 28 37-35 17 25 6-5 17 33 38-1 17 35 8-2 17 43 40 17 40 8-8 17 48 40-6 1 6-25 fast 4 49 2-2-73 „ 16-25 „ 4 49 22-73 „ 16-25 „ 3 34-60 „ 16-25 „ 3 34-60 „ 16-25 „ 4 49 22-73 „ 16-25 „ 3 3460 ,, 16-25 „ 3 34-60 „ 16-25 „ 3 34-60 „ 16-25 „ 3 34-GO „ 16-25 „ I 3 34-60 „ 16-25 „ 3 34-60 ,. 16-25 ,. 3 34 60 , 16-25 , 3 34-60 . 10-25 , 3 34-GO , 16-25 . 3 34-60 16-25 3 34-60 16-25 3 34-60 16-25 3 34 60 16-25 3 34-60 16 4 36-45 I 16 9 50-12 16 9 37-15 16 14 50-74 16 14 38-25 16 19 51-70 16 19 39-25 16 25 52 60 16 24 39-7.") 16 29 53-45 16 29 4005 16 34 53-50 16 34 4-2-35 16 39 55-70 16 39 42-75 16 44 56-20 16 44 42-95 16 49 56-30 16 49 44-05 16 54 57-40 16 54 45-25 16 59 58-90 16 59 46-05 17 4 59-50 17 4 46 75 17 9 59-60 17 9 47-25 17 15 00-70 17 14 48-55 17 20 2-20 17 19 49-15 17 25 2-75 17 24 50-25 17 30 3-50 17 34 51-95 17 40 5-40 17 3'j •i2-.'i5 1-45 06-00 13-67 13-5» 13-45 13-86. 13-70 13-45 13-35 13-45 I 13-3.5 i 13-35 J 13-65 5 13-45 5 1315 13-45 5 13-65 5 13-60 5 13-25 5 13-45 5 * Those observations marked thus (♦) were Carried forward noted with a mean time thronomeier. 13-46 15-81 bS Name of Station. Date, Hoor, and Minute. St. Regis Koiise's Point .St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St Regis Rouse's Point 8t. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouae's Point Fliih obsarred. 1844 July 15, H. ^'• „ „ H) 10 „ „ 10 15 „ „ 10 20 „ ., 10 25 .. .. 10 30 ., „ 10 35 (Rocket burst.) „ ,. 10 40 (Rockt't burst.) Sum of 24 observations H. M 17 -ii ■^ 17 53 -ii-a 17 50 10-5 17 58 42-3 17 55 114 18 3 43-3 18 U 12 18 8 43-9 18 5 13 18 13 45 18 10 33 18 19 3-8 dIH 15 35 Error of Cbronrt. on Bid). Time of Station. II. M. ». 16-25 fast 3 34-60 „ 16-25 „ 3 34-60 „ 16-25 „ 3 34-60 „ 16-25 „ 3 34-60 „ 16-25 „ 3 34-60 „ 16-26 „ 3 34-60 „ 16-25 „ Sidereal Time of Obaerration. OUTerenoa of IiODgitnda. Brought forward H. M. 8. 17 44 5.3-05 17 50 6-70 17 49 54-25 17 55 7-70 17 54 55-15 18 8-70 17 59 55-75 18 5 9-30 18 4 56-75 18 10 10-40 18 10 16-75 18 15 29-20 18 15 15-75 99 15-81 M. ■■ 5 13-65 6 13-45 5 13-56 5 13-66 5 13-66 5 12-45 (reject.) Mean difference of lonjituae by fla.lics observed on July 15 125 23-66 = 5 13-48 St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis House's Point St. Regis Rouse s Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis • Rouse's Point St. Regis •Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis ♦Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point July 17, 9 16 42 44-5 16 51 21-4 16 47 46-5 16 56 23-5 16 52 45-3 17 1 22-2 16 57 46 17 6 23-2 d17 2 47 17 11 241 17 7 48 17 16 25 17 12 48-5 17 21 25-6 17 17 50-4 17 26 27-2 17 22 51-2 17 31 28-1 17 27 51 14 39 07-8 17 32 66-2 14 44 14-7 17 42 54-4 17 51 31-4 17 47 55 4 49 08-3 17 52 5G-5 18 1 33 5 10-42 fast 3 33-88 „ 10 42 „ 3 33-88 „ 10-42 „ 3 33-88 „ 10-42 „ 3 33-88 „ 10-42 „ 3 33-88 „ 10-42 „ 3 33-88 „ 10-42 „ 3 33-88 „ 10-42 „ 3 33-88 „ 10-42 „ 3 33-88 , 10-42 , 4 49 18-84 , 10 4-2 , 4 49 18 84 , 10-42 . 3 33-88 10-42 4 49 18-84 10-42 33-88 16 42 34-08 16 47 47-52 16 47 3608 16 52 49-62 16 62 84-88 16 57 48-32 16 57 35-58 17 2 49-32 17 2 3658 17 7 5022 17 7 37-58 17 12 51-12 17 12 38-08 17 17 51-72 17 17 39-98 17 22 53-32 17 22 40-78 17 27 64-22 17 27 40-58 17 32 54-24 17 32 45-78 17 38 01-98 17 42 43-98 17 44 57-52 17 47 44-58 17 52 58-03 Carried forward 17 52 46-08 17 57 69-62 • Those obwrvation. marked thus (•) »ere no»«l with a mean time chronometer. Marked thu. (d) have not been quite so well obserred as the others. P 5 13-44 5 13-54 5 13-44 5 13-74 6 13-64 5 13-54 5 1364 5 13-34 5 13-44 5 13-66 + 6 16-20 + reject. 5 13-54 5 13-45 5 13-54 67 55-95 53 Name of Station. St. Regis •Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point St. Regis Rouse's Point Date, Hour, and Minat«. 1844 II. M. July 17, 10 20 .. .. 10 -25 .. ,. 10 30 Flaah obsarrad. If. M. •• 18 3 58 15 14 0!) 18 7 58-7 18 16 35-7 18 12 58 18 21 35 Error of Chronrs. on Sidl. Time of Station. H. M. ». 10-42 fast 4 49 18-84 ., 10-42 ., 3 3388 „ 10-42 „ 3 33-88 „ Sidereal Time of ObaerTation, Dlfferenee of Longitude. Sum of IC oliscrvations Brought forward II. M. .1. 18 3 47-58 18 8 01-19 I 18 7 48'28 18 13 1-82 18 12 47-58 18 18 01-12 .. 16) 67 5696 M. I. 5 13-61 5 13-64 5 13-94 83 36-64 Mean difference of longitude by aathei obaertred on July 17 _ = 5 13-54 St. Regis • Rouse s Point July 18, 9 St. Regis Rousf's Point „ „ n 5 St. Regis Ro"«e's Pi>int „ „ 9 JO St. Regis Rouse's Point „ M 9 !•' St. Regis Rouse's Point .. .. 9 20 St. Hcgis Rouse's Point „ „ 9 '25 St. Ilpgis Rouse's Point „ ., 9 30 St. Regis Mouse's Point „ ., 9 35 St. Heai^ Rouse's Point „ .. 9 40 St. Regis Rouse's Point „ ,- 9 45 St. Regis House's Point .. .. 9 50 St. Regis Rouse's Point „ ., 10 St. Regis .. Rouse's Point ., .. 10 5 St. Regis Rouse's Point „ ., 10 10 St. Regis Rouse's Point „ - 10 15 St. Regis Rouses Point „ „ 10 20 16 46 30-6 13 54 0-4 16 Jl :!00 17 00 13 16 56 31-4 17 05 14-1 17 01 31 6 17 10 15 17 06 32-5 17 15 1.5-7 17 n 34 17 20 171 17 16 34 17 25 17-5 17 21 35-2 17 30 186 17 26 36 17 35 19-3 d17 31 36-5 17 40 -20 17 36 39-4 17 4.j 22-6 17 46 40:5 17 .55 23 17 51 40 5 18 00 23-5 17 56 41-2 18 05 -24-4 18 01 4-2-4 18 10 25-5 IB 06 43 18 15 26 4-77 fast 4 49 18-30 „ 4-77 „ 3 35-10 „ 4-77 „ 3 3S 10 „ 4-77 ., 3 35 10 „ 4-77 .. 3 35- 10 „ 4-77 „ 3 3.V10 „ 4-77 „ 3 3.5-10 „ 4-77 ., 3 35-10 „ 4-77 „ .1 35-10 .. 4-77 „ 3 35-10 „ 4-77 ., 3 35-10 „ 4-/7 „ 3 35 10 ,. 4 77 ,. 3 3.5-10 ., 04-77 „ 3 3')- 10 „ 04-77 „ 3 3510 „ 04-77 ,. 3 35 10 „ 16 46 28-83 16 51 4014 16 51 26-93 16 56 37-90 16 56 26-63 17 1 39-00 17 17 1 2683 6 39-SO 17 6 27-73 17 11 40 60 17 11 29-23 17 16 42 00 17 16 29-23 17 21 42-40 17 21 30-43 17 26 43-50 17 26 31-23 17 31 44-20 17 31 31-73 17 36 44-90 17 36 34-63 17 41 47-50 17 46 35-53 17 51 47-90 17 51 3.5-73 17 56 48-40 17 56 36 43 18 01 49-30 18 01 37-63 18 06 50-40 18 06 38-23 18 11 50-90 + 6 14-31 -I- reject. 5 1-2-67 j 5 1-2-37 1 5 13-07 5 12-87 5 1*2-77 5 13-17 5 13-07 5 12-97 5 1317 5 12-87 5 1237 5 12-67 5 12-87 5 12-77 5 12-67 Sum of 15 observaticiiis 15) 78 12-35 Mean difference of longitude by flashes observed on July 18 = 5 12 82 . 1 ,tv ,^-r . nnt<>d with a mean time chrononieler. • Tiiose observations m.in;cd (*) ^'-r-' notc.i wun a mi^ Marked thus (..) bnve „ot been quite so well observed a, the Other.. 64 Name of SUtion. • Date, Hour, and Minute. Flaih obacrvcd. Error of Chronn. CD Sidl. Timo of BMtion. Sidereal Time of ObtervatioD. DUrerese* of Longitnd*. 1844 H. M. II. M. ». M. •■ H. M. 8. M. 8. St. Ilegin Rouse's Point July 19, 9 10 Dl7 01 18 17 10 06 00-30 fiwt 3 36-04 „ 17 01 17-70 17 06 39-96 + 5 12-26 + reject 8t. Hi'gis Roiisi-'s Point „ .. 9 15 17 06 18-5 17 15 06-7 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 17 06 18-20 17 11 30-66 5 12-46 St. lleKia .. Rouse's I'oint „ „ 9 20 17 11 192 17 20 07-5 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 17 11 18-90 17 16 31-46 i 13-56 St. Rt'ffi.i Rousen Puillt ., „ 9 25 17 16 198 17 25 08-3 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 17 16 19-50 17 21 32-26 5 )2-76 St. Reffin Rouse'i Poim ,. „ 9 30 17 21 20-4 17 30 08-8 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 17 21 20-10 17 26 32-76 5 18-66 St. Ri'gin Rouse's Point „ „ 9 35 17 26 21-3 17 35 09-5 00-30 „ 3 3604 „ 17 26 21-00 17 31 33-46 5 12-46 St. Regis Rouse's Point „ -, 9 40 17 31 32 5 17 40 105 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 17 31 22 20 17 36 34-46 S 13-36 St. Hegis Rouse's Point .. ., 9 45 17 36 22-6 17 4,'; 11 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 17 36 22-30 17 41 34-96 5 12-66 St. Regis Rouse's Point ., ,. 9 60 17 41 -23 8 17 50 12-3 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 17 41 L>3-5() 17 46 36-;iG 5 12-76 St. Regis . . Rousi-'s i'oint ., „ !» 55 17 46 24-4 17 55 13 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 17 46 '24-10 17 51 36-96 5 12-86 Si. Regis Rouise's Point „ .. 10 Dl7 51 26 18 00 14 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 17 51 25-70 17 56 37-96 + 5 12-26 + reject St. Regis Rouse's Point ,. 10 5 17 56 26-3 18 05 14-7 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 17 56 2600 18 01 38-66 5 12-68 St. Regis Rouse's Point , ., 10 10 18 01 26-8 18 10 15-3 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 18 01 26-50 18 06 39-26 5 12-75 St. Rciiis Rouse's Point ,. „ 10 15 18 06 27-5 18 15 16-1 00 30 „ 3 36-04 „ 18 06 27-20 18 11 4006 5 12-86 St Regis Rouse's Point „ ,. 10 20 18 11 28-5 18 20 17 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 18 11 2820 18 16 40-96 6 12-76 St. Regis Jlouse's Point „ ., 10 25 18 16 290 18 25 17-8 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 18 16 28-70 18 21 41-76 5 13-06 St. Regis Roum's Point ., .. 10 30 18-21 .WO 18 .30 18-6 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 18 21 29-70 18 26 42-56 5 12-86 St. Regis House's Point ,. „ 10 35 18 26 30-5 18 :)5 19-4 00-30 „ 3 36-04 „ 1 18 26 30-20 1 18 31 43-36 5 13-16 St. Regis Rouse's Point ., „ 10 40 18 31 31-2 18 40 -JO 00.30 „ j 3 36-04 „ 18 31 30-90 18 36 43-96 5 1306 St. Regis Rouse's Point „ „ 10 45 Suui 18 36 3-.2-4 18 45 21 ' 1 8 ol-servations 1 00-30 „ I 3 3604 „ 18 36 3-210 18 41 44-96 18) 5 12-86 93 49 43 Mean difference of longitude by flashes observed on July 19 = 5 i2-73 The two flashei marked d, as doubtfully observed at St. Regis, are rejscted. m^ #' 55 July 14, mean 18, 17. 18, 19, ABSTRACT OF FOUKGOlNiJ. reiuU of corre«ponding obicrvitiunt of 9 flwhw M. s. 9 flaihei be S 13-64 24 .. =8 13-48 16 .. =8 13-64 15 „ =8 12-82 18 ., =8 13-76 — . 6) 26 6-23 A.tro»otnic.l .tatim. at St. U.gU. *.-.t of a.lronom ical itatlon at Roi.»e'« Point 5 13-24 (gigned) JOHN H. PIl'ON. Liiuttnant, Royal Enginitr,. #* -li^'.