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We endeavour to furnish our readers A comprehensive and minute desorip- tiom of the natural aspects and physical peouHorities of the country, collated from tte most reliable authorities, and prcr ceded by a brief hiBtori9al sketch of the oirouiustancea attending its-^early disco- YBjry ; and, finally, 'to indicate the readi- est and cheapest methbd of reaching it. British 'Columbia is situated -6k the north-west coast' of North Ainerica,,ai^d is defined, in the bill introduced into the House of CoifkTtfbns for its future goverb- ment by Sir Edward BUlwer Lytton, ^ comprising "all such tfcriitories within {he dominion ofrHar Majesty .as ai[e bounded to the sohth by the frontier of tile United States of America, to the.ea^t by the Watershed between the streani|s which flow into the Pacific Ocean/ and those whiih flow into the Atlant^ an^ Icy Oceam, to the north by th^^ fifby^ ,^th para^el of north latitude; and to the^ west by/ the Pacific Ocean; and shalli indude Queen Charlotte's Island and all other islands adjacent, excepting Van- conifer Island," which has a special con- station of ii ^sw years Peru and Chili likewise passed into the possession of the Spaniidi^monaroS. The most northern settlement on the FSjOifio side of th^ Amarican dtotUMnt berriieuy ol of Qiyen und Queien 2° and 64' BonaiBts of \^ in len^h, B to haying trations on America in r generally buUiaiued L,the'celo- oonoluded 4M)TerelgnB accordance la were to , licate with tpL routes, ijjproper^r lifer iifnd, contrc^Maid 1 of inier- tich -might 3alboa, the i^ Darien, on ' arch across . t)hat plaoeu 8e«; The acted their ards this iparation of as sattafao- sanwhile, a srvice, one [{ellan, dis- u hitherto ; solved the as to the ;th«gliohe. loutuog his [naft Ontes loos eminre p of a few passed into k^monaroh. mt on the i dtotment HOMBS OP THK BNOUSU OVBR THB SBA. IW known in 1523 wtte Culiacan, a small place near the eastern side of the entrance to the flulf of California. The enterpris- ing Cortes despatched several fruitless expeditions for the purpose of extending his dominions, and ayength succeeded in planting a colony at La Santa Cruz, at the southern extremity of the peninsula. Of Ijhe voyage made by him in the arm of ffie sea between California and the ' continent, the accounts are conflicting, and ipvolve4 ia considerable obscurity. However, it ia certain he ultimately cleared up every doubt as to the conti- nuity of that country with America in the norlii-east. After a succession of failures by several adventurerB,the Spaniardscame to thjp conclusion that neither wealthy nations nor navigable passages between the Atlantic and the Paciiio Oceana were to be found north of Mexico; unless beyond the fortieth degree of latitude. They then desisted in their e^orta,.and did not resume them for upwarasof forty years. The English having Jhrown off thbir dlegiance to the head of the Roman Catholic Ciurch, miaunderstandings igto to ariM between them and the bniatds, with reference to the monopo- ag policy pursued in certain sections of leNew World. The English Govern- ment repeatedly protested against the exclusive regulations lai4,down, and their just demands were as persistently rejected. Then- right to occupy vacant portions of America bein? refused to be recognised, Queen Elizabeth did not scruple to sanc- tion the violation of laws which she declared to be utterly unjustifiable. In December, 1677, the most celebrated <^val captain of the age, Francis Drake, sailed from Plymoutii with five small vessels, ostensibly on a voyage to Egypt, but really on a hostile cruise against the dominions and subjects of Spain. He «afely navigatvd three jof them through the Straits of Magellan ; but scarodly had he accomplished this arduous task, when his little fleet was reduced by a storm ip a f^huoner of a hundred tons burden^ with a arew, of sixty men ; but, in defiance of this tiusfortuii^ he deter- mined uponrperlusting in ^ enterprise. He sailed northiirHrd, m^ is reported to have poshed ^investig»ti«aa tm hrtm the iJay of Ban Francisco. This statement seems based on rather questionable autho- rity, and has originated much disputation, sufllciently authentic evidence not having been brought forward to subatantiate the supposition that Drake had seen any part of the const hith«r:to undiscovered. Offi- cial surveys w&m . ordered, and the Captain-General^ California, Sebastian Vizcaino, struggled bravely to effect settle ments at San Diego, Monterey, tod other points of the coast, with a view of facili- tating the trade with India ; but bis per- severance was unavailing, and after his death no further measures were adopted, either by in(tividual Spaniards or their government, to add to their territory in those regions until one hundred and suty years had elaj^sed. In 1774 the British legislature was anxious to ascertain definitively whether a northern passage existed ■between the two oceans ; and it was dediied that, two vessels should ' sail simultaneously for the Northjj, Pacific and Baffin's Bay. Captain Cool; who about this time returned from his second circumnavi- gation <4 the earth, volimteered to command the expedition, and l^s offer being accepted, he stitrted from Plymouth on the 12th July, ITTe, in his old ship, the Resolution, accompnnied by the Dis- covery, imder Captain Charles Clerk. As Captain Cook has the merit of being the first European who landed upon Vancouver Island, by his discovery of - Nootka Sound, ^e propose extracting aa admirable tlescription from Robert Green* how^s '• History of Oregon and Cali- fornia, ^," to which excellent work we are indebted for, much valuable matter. " He was instructed to proceed by way of the Cape of Good Hope and Otaheite to the coast of New Albion, endeavouring to fall in with it in the latitude ot 46^ He was there to put intp the first oo»« venient port, to recruit his vvoed, watery and refreshmentuf, and then t^ "ftil north-^ , ward. ... " The application of the name of New Albion shewed that the British g<;»vern- inent had no intention to rengn the. lij^te supposed or pretended to have beto ac- quired by Drake's visit to that regUai* In order to revive and fortii^/tlMM i>^nim^ -"^ ISO / HOMES OF THE ENOLISn OVER THE MA. Cook was instructed, with the consent of the natives, to take poBsession, in the name of the King of Great Brit{kin, of convenient situations in such cuuntrieH that had not already been visited by any other European power He did not arrive upon the north-west coast of America until the 7th of March, 1788, when he mode the land about a hundred miles north of Mendocino. For several days afterwards he was prevented by violent storms from advancing, as he wished, towards the north, and was driven along the coast to some distance in the contrary direction. The wind then becoming favourable, he took' the desired course, and on the 22nd of the monthJus ships were opposite » project- ing pomt of the continent, situated a little beyond the forty-eighth parallel, to which he g^ve the name of Cape Flat- tery, in token of his improved prospects. He continued his voy.(ige along the shore of what ,he supposed to be the continent, as^ nir as ^le latitude of 194°. Under that porAllel he found a spacious and secure bay, offering every facility for the repair of his vessels and ^he refreshment of his men, in which he ctut anchor on the 29th of March, be- stowing upon it, at, the same time, the name of Kuig Qeorge's Sound. This name he shortly afterwards changed to Nootka Sound, under tho impression (which appears to have been incorrect) that Nootka w;a8 the term employed t3 distinguish the bay by the natives of the surrounding territory." In answer to inquiries the natives asserted, they had nevier seen any other vessels^or^had they ever communicated with any t>ther civil- ised people. Cook, therefore, felt jlistified in putting forward his claim as being ihf first discoverer of Nootka Sound, and it has since been almost tmiversally con- ceded to ^ him. The results of Cook's researches wero far niore important than those obtained by all the navigators wh^. had hitherto explored this port of the sea. The positions of a number of points on the western side of America Were for the first time accurately determined, ,and means were thus afforded for ascertaining approximately the extent of the oonti- nent. HenceforthNootkabecametheplace to which vessels sailing -from the south generally steered, and from which they took their depaOrture on returning, as it oli'ered greater facilities for obtaining water and provisions, as well as for repairs, 4)han any other harbour in that part of the oceans In 1790 a serious controversy sprang up between Qreat Britain and Spain, relative to the navigation of the Pacific and Southern oceans, and the un- occupied portions of America bordeilpg upon thosesieas. This wa^ the firi;|t ojbca- sion that the light of sovereignty asserted by Spain over this v^t region liad been formally contested, although , her preten- sions to excliisive navigation ha4 long smce ceased to be treated with deference by the rest of the world. Upon careful examination of official documents it ha» been clearly demonstrated that "before the arrival of the Spanish commander, Martinez, at Nootka, in May, 1789, no settlement, factory, or commercial or mili- tary establishment whatsoever had been founded, or even attempted ; and n» jurisdiction had ever bieeu exercised hy the subjects or authorities of f(ny civil- ised nation \a any part of America bor- dering on the Pacific, between Port San Francisco and Prince William's Sound. "^^ It is true other |2uropeaus had landed at diflerent places, displaying fiags, and con- structing crosses on behalf of their r0- spective countries ; but such acts ni^re ' invariably deemed idle ceremonies, .con- veying no prescriptive property i^ the soU. After a protiracted controversy, how- ever, Spain undertook by treaty, in 1790, to restore several pieces.of land ^d build- ings in the vicinity of 9rd.p^a Sound, wluch'were declared to belong to John Meares and ot^er^, Brititin sulsjects at the time of the occupation of that harbwur by the forces of his Oi^holic Majesty, "^twithstanding this (demand was ear- nestly pressed and. ctfttceded, taany dr- cumstances combine/ ta\ show that th^ bads upon which it wan urged was very sUgbt. The conventipn, nevertheless, having been con<:luded,\Captain George Vancouver, who had been one of Cook's lieutenants, was 'commanded to {proceed there immec|iately, and receive the sur- render of such lands and buildings as were igpecified in this treaty. He yas JiSii H0MI8 OP the louth ^hioh they uiog, uit obtaining For repairs, at part of ontroversy ritain and ion of the ad the un- bordei||ig i&r^ dkesLr ity asserted 1 had been ler preten- had long I deference pon careful enta it ha» At "before smmander, 1789, no cialor'mili- * hod been 1; and no- cercised by I any civil- nerica bor- i Port San '8 Souiid.'- L landed at ;s, and con- f their re- acts n^^re ' lonies, .n- rty i^ the veray, how- ky, in 1790, i iind build- ka, Sound, ogto John eots at the at harbwir c Majesty. 1 was ear- , knany dr- r that th9 1 was very jvertheless, un George I of Cook's tojieooeed n tiie BUT- lildings as . He ya» also instructed to commence a soientifio examination of the coasts included be- tween the thirty-fifth and sixtieth par- allels of north latitude, and more par- ticularly to ezplon the^adpposed Straits of Fuca, said to have bMta passed through by an American sloops/Washington. Vancouver departed oh the 1st of May from Cape Flattery^n the southern side of the entrance to the strait, in order to perform the latMr but moat important part of his instnlctibns. He sailed along th^ shore eas^ards to the distance of about one hjundred miles, and first en- tered a passage opening south, which he n$med Admiralty Inlet, terminating in a biy calW bv him Puget's S6und. Many inlets on either side of the bay were thus . ^^°'/ *** ^^^" terminations, and they * then Massed by an opening to the north- west^ into anothdr extensive arm of the where they unexpectedly met with, two ' Spanish schooners employed in a tumil^ dut^. They came to an arrange- /ment to umte their labours, and continued in company nearly ^ month, interchang- ing mutual civilities by the exhibition of their charts. At the north-western ex- tremity of the Gulf of Geoigia they sepa- cated, and the British passed through an intricate channel,' called by them John- stone's Strait, em^iging into the Pacific by Queen Charlotte's or Pintard's Sound On the 28th of August, 1792, Vancou- ver communicated ^ the Spanish com- missioner. Quadra, at Nootka, the fact established by him, " that the supposed Strait of. Fuca was merely an arm of the Pacffic, dividing from the American coniinent a great island, on the western side of which the territory then occupied by the Spaniards, and claimed by the British, was situated." The two officers agreed that the. island should beflu* the names of both ; and it has since beendis- tinguished on maps by the inconvenient appellation of "Quadra and Voiicoaver .Island." It will be observed that a lack of adequate space has' compelled uato com- press our matter within a smalLebmpass, miuBually lii^ted, considering tlie ampli- tude of the materiftis at oqi^ disposal. Bvt aa we arQ anxious to ^nder this KifOLI8H OVBR TUB SBA. m / it is requisite that we should glanoe at the early operations of the different trading companies and private individuals^ who, impelled by the lust of wealth, vigorously sought to force a path over the Rocky Mountains in put-suit of their wishes. The United States and Great Britain having signed a treaty of commerce and navigation in 1794, an extensive -trade, exdnsively in f jirs, was carried* on by Americanis with the Indians inhabiting the countries about the Upper Misids- sippi and Lake Superior. The British fur- traders made their first expedition beyond the Rocky Mountains in 1806; when Mr. Simon Frazer, a partner of the North-West Company, established a trad- ing port on Frazer's lioke, in British Columbia. John Jacob Ast^r, a German merch^pt of large c&pital, residing in New York, projected an association, to be called the Pacific Fur Company, which, I under certain conditions, was to enjoy I the exclusive privileges of trading wi^\ the Russian American possessions. To execute these plans, Mr. Astor engaged as partners in the concern a number of persons, nearly all Scotchmen. These partners were to conduct the business' in the west, under the control of a super-^ intendent, and they. were collectively to- divide one-half of the profits, the other half being retained by the projector for having advanced all the funds. The first party quitted New York in the Tonquin, and arrived at the mouth of the Coliimbia in March, 1811. A spot was selected on the south bank of the river, eight miles from the ocean, on which a large factory was erected, and called Astoria, as a com* pliment to the originator of the specuU- tion. In 1819, ^through the intervention of the British Colonial Department, these companies became amalgamated wit^ t|ie celebrated Hudson's Bay Company; and, as this Corporation had played a promi- nent part in the administration of affairs in ^hio district to the west «£ the Rooky ll^ountains, it may not, pei^ps, be unintere^g to revert tothedionm- stances under which it was- created. Hudson's B^y is about 90O miles in length, by 600 at its greatest breadth, Tr*n (I imrrnl in i l i n g nmil'ii f M| i i ii] ii (i lot HOlIRt OP THE BNOLHH OVER THE nki TImm thorM having bemi found to b« t«n«nted by furred aniinaU of great value, the id«a of forming a aettlement woa sug- goaUd by OroMelier, a Frenchman, who, having fulled in obtninitig uny cminte- nance from hia own countrymen, laid hi» flchemo before Prince Rupert,' wha im- mediately perceived its value. A capital of ;£! 0,600 was subHoribed by the Duke of ^Albemarle, Lord Craven, and oth«^, and ~A charter of incorporation was granted by Charles II. in 1670. SUtio£i were settled on Moose River, and a few years later on the Albany, and soon ^ter two more oh the Nels(ih--^|^ the Severn. Hostilities were constantly .occurring be- tween the French and English settlenr ; but, notwithstanding the fact of the com- pany having sustained gigantic losses, they prospered' marvellously — a conclu- sive proof of the lucrative nature of their transootioh^. At the peace of Utrecht the factories captured by the enemy Wji^re restored to them, and in 1720 they hod trebled their capital, with a call of only 10 per cent. oni the shareholders. Again, in 1782, a number of their factories were appro- priated by the French, under Perouse, after which period they had to enoounter much fierce competition with the North- West Company, terminating in aggressive animosity and bloodshed. At length, in 1821, an Act of Pariiament was passed under which '^the crown granted to' the r «ompanjp^ X^en including the4hree rival associations) a license of exclusive trade ** over all :|hosa tracts that might not be included in the original charter, and also over those tracts which, by mutual con- a^t, were open to the subjects of Eug- land and those of the United States." After a careful inveslJAation on the part of the government, this license was re- newed on the 30th of May, 1838, for twenty -one years. » , The affaira of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany were conducted by a governor, de- puty govemw, and a committee of seven, ,. elected by 239 profprietors, representing Att agal'^f^te capital of £400,000. Yan- ooover Island was made over to the com- pany by the crown in 1849, the grant being revocable at the end of eleven yeati, upon the distanot und erst an j''"g th at the y should attempt to colonise it. The ad- ministration of the island not beiof sa- tisfactory to the Im'perral government, the lease was not renewed. The computed area of the new El Dorado is not less than 20q,OOO sauare miles, and, as the intelligence of the disco- very of g lid was circulated and confirmed an indincriminate rush oif a Bohemian population of sturdy diggers, in search of the auriferous deposits might be antici- pated. An arduous task thus devolved upon our legislators, it being indispen- sable, for the security of life and pro- perty, that this vast tract of country should be covered "by the protection of law and order, adequately supported to enforce its strict observanoQ. To pro- vide for this contingency. Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton brought forward a bill in the House of Commons to regulate the future govemlnent of this dependency. The ptu-fwrt of this bill was to establidi a provisional government for a n>eoifio period of five years, when its authority will give place to those free institutions for which it is framed to pave the way. It empowers H«r Majesty, until the 81st of December, 1862, "to appoint an officer to make provision for the administra? tion of justice, and to devise laws for the peace, order, and good gpyem- mei^t of the colony; and, as soon as it mayM>e deemed convenient,- by order in council, to authorise „ such officer to constitute a legislature, to consist of the governor and a council, or council ai)d assembly, to be composed of such persons, elected in such mHnnersand sub- ject to such regulations as it may be deemed expedient." Vancouver Island, which is 700 miles distant, is not included, as it is destined to become a great naral station, and the attention of the au^o- ritiea will be absorbed in developing its resouroee. The question Of future annex- ation is left open, so that it is competent for the faihabitants at any time to addxew the crown to unite tiie idand and the mainland under one governor. A snfl^- ent naval and military reinloroement ham been sent out toaupport the exeotttiya. It was the tKdioy of the Hudson's Bay: Company to dueourage colonisation aa fiur. aa praolaoitm, m thiSr proftta dipaaJad H0MB8 OP Ml INOUSH OVB» THI 9BA. land. in a great m«Mure, on unrMtrioted tn^ dom of intfroourM withlh* natiTea. Upon the application for a renejural of the oharttir, Mr. Itoebuok moved a'aeriea of reaolutiona in the Uouae of Commona totheeffeot— 1. That the privilegea of the HudM)n'a Bay Oompnny, about to expire, ougUt Hot to be renewed. 2. That the legal validity of the exolu- aive rights claimed by the Hudaon's Bay Company under their charter ought at once to be determined by prooesa of law. 3. That so much of the territory hi- therto held by the Hudson's Bay Com- pany as may be needed for the purpose of colonisation ought without deloy to be renamed by the government of this country. An interesting discussion ensned, in the course of which Lord Bury aH«erted that a larg9 portion of ^the territory now olaimad by the company waM in the oc- cupation of France at the time the charter was granted by Chiirles II., so ttiat the King oould not have given them a coun- try which was the property of another state. He endeavoured to {trove, by a variety of details, that the country was fertile, and in all respects fitted for colo- niiiiiliiiaii the praine districts, and of- .lered i&ple m^ans of internal commu- nioation. Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, in explanation of tha intention of his coUaaguet, stated that the charter of the oompany gave no tei-ritorial rights, and involved no question of compen- ■aiion for lands that might be with- drawn. The govemOient had made up their minds not to renew the li- oenae over any part of the Indian terri- tory which waa ad«^ted for colonisation. Tfa» question of the validity of the com- pway's right under their charter would M, bowever, submitted to the present law ottoers of the crown, and that next aeadon they would b« in a position to Pfopoie a aclieme on the subject which would satisfy all pariiwi. It was also Inttmatad that, in the event of the Cana- titles of a nature to generate stfoam. It contained all the elements of « pitasperoos colony, and he could not help thmking that some of the difficulties attending its first settlement would be obviated if l|# attempt were mode to lay out a townj^ allot land in connection with it, or hot some way to attract persons to lettls there permanently instead^' of muntj going to search for gold. They mig^t in- troduce at once by thote means habits of civilijsation, instead of only establishing a government with sufficient foi«e to coerce the popoktioo into deoeney aad order. (TobetontiHmKL) ^- *■_ O^dintoy of or«^ng these c^rtriots into LMJi P daEJ lMlWlt^ WnsB* or nra ATMospasBS^I^ilHal skoM that all (he plmiomena and eflbets hillmtu ateribed to tke horror of a niMsm a> it* from the weight of the ■»« of afar ; and af. or 'oiplalaiM thr nriafalo prasnn of tho auMipha* la dilkMi loealiiisi, and its dUfcnat Mata*, sad tho im of waiatto paaps, he caloulotss that tho whole of air nmd oar ^obe ill HOMIS OF THE INOUBH OVBB THB tlA. HOMlis 01 TEE ENGLISH OYEE THE SEA. — » ♦ . No. 1.-BRITI8H COLUMBIA AND VANCOUVER ISLAND. (CoHtinrndJi-om page 168.) rilTllOAL ABPiCtH AND KATURAI, HIBTOBT or TIIR IHUAMI). Ihdkpkmdkntlt o( the adjacent terri- toriea, the £avou<#>le poeltlon occupied by Vancouver Island, with reference to the China and Ja|>aii trade and the ialanda of the PaoiHo, rendern it {teouliarly suited for being the emporium of an extended oomtneroe ; and, nom the fact of ita pos- MMing numerous excellent harbours, there is no reason why.it may not, at •ome future period, command tne princi- pal portion of the trade between the Archipelago of the Pacific and tho conti- iient of America. The climate is venr agreeable, reaem^ng that of England, but on the whole much milder- It gone- rally rains and anows from October to ilaroh, and during the rest of the year a 'panshing heat prevaila. The winds aloi^ the coast in winter are from the south- east, varying from that to the south-west, with occasional heavy norUierly gale^ and in the summer from the north and north-west. The soil under cultivation proves to be adapted for the production of excellent wheat crops. Captwn WilkeB, of the United States* navy, estimates "the produce, whether from farm or garden, as of the finest character. The wheat weighs 63 lbs. to the bushel, and «00 acres produce 7,000 buBhels. Barley yields twenty bushels to the acre, though oats do not thrive well ; but peas, beans. the north-east comer of the Island. It had Mn induced po form this sUtion from the fact that some. Indians hail for a long perl«)d itmn In the habit of procuring aial froto the district. The mineral lay actually on the surface of the soil ; but, on examination, it was found to be of too Uwrno anme mx to berriSsandgooseberrie8(theformernearly seven feet m tiuckness, lErom wluch as _• \ Jl l^Jl «>k«^ Aa hma^ vmraVA BAATl tt^. ripe), and salad gone to seed, were seen at Niaqually on the 18th of May. Chttie find natural hay all the year round, and multiply with astonishing rapidity." "Generally speaking," says Colonel CJoiquhoun Grant, "the climate is both agreeable and healthy; and not a ringle death, that I am aware of, has occurred among the adults from disease during the ■iz years that I have been aoquainted With tile island." ^ „The Hudson's Bay Company in 1849 established a port at Beaver Harbour, oil large a supply as 120 tons of coal per week has been obtained by ten regular miners. Mr. Grant statea that this seam, cropping out at tl^e above-mentioned point, Ul but an offshoot of the areat Dou^ Seam, which he says haa been attacked on four rides— on two hj reg*- lar miners, and on two by IndianB. "And," he adds, "altogether there are few places to be met •with where coal can be worked a« earily, and exported as am- venientiy, as from Nanaimo, and it wiU be the Budion's Bay Company ■ own ' ^■^™¥'^!"f''^%^f^'«» ■"•\ HOMIS Df THI UfOUIH OVIR THI IIA. Ilf !fD. {■luid. It ibia station ns had for a of pruouring luiuerul lay le soil ; but, to b« of too 1 t«K) largely B worth' the ighbourhood oh ia oallfld of very fine [t in adapted Mtila; indeed, has already I. At Pohit nileaof "rich leor the coast, a for an agri- uis yet been i. South of xA locality is l^e Hudflon's ad one of ita , the Indiana f. M'Kaytoa ' ike of having a the oppodte rt. Thiaaeam, Seam, rapidly «1 to the rude 1 the 17th of nd a party of depth of fifty p some aix to rom which aa OB of coal per >y ten regular bhat thia aeam, ive - mentioned of the great saya haa been I two hj ngm.- ) by Indiiuui. ither there are where coal can qiorted aa cmI'- oao, and it will TompM^'i own r fault if they do not moke a vary proit- alilii H^MQulatiou out uf their puMMnoiona there. About 2,000 tons of ooal were, up to Joniuuy, 18S4, got out of the niinea uear Nanaimo, ao Han Franoiaoo, realimxl tweatydght dollara per ton. The harbour la commodioua, sheltered on every aide, and ia the aoeno of a flourishiug httlu 8«ttl«tiient of aomo 126 inhabhanta, of whom thirty-neven are working men, the remainder women itikid children. Their food ia mainly pro- vided by the Indiana, who bring in on ■ome daya aa many aa twenty-threo deer. The Cknnpany haa claimed 6,000 aoroa of land in the immediate vicinity of the harbour, iwhioh ia all the aoil available for cultivation in the diatrict There ia, at a diatanoe of aeven milea to the north-weat, another hfu-bour, called Tutuia, whore the Indiana report the eziatence of coal atimta. , An armf of the aea runa Inland for ten milea at Sonetoh, diatant about foi^y milea from Nanaimo. It doea not, how- ever, afford good anchorage. The country surrounding it ia richly wooded, with open iracta or prairies, equal altogether to about three aquare milea; but whatever emi- grant may locate^ himaelf .here muat be content to rerniun ahut out from com- munication' with any other ooloniats reaident in the interior, aa at abodt a mile's diatanoe from the aea a chain of inountaixvs riaea up in a manner to forbid all attompte at penetrating into the in- terior. Into thia arm, at ito northern aide, the largeat riveil> yet known to exiat on the iahmd, the .Qowitiohin, diachaigea itaelf. Taking ita riae from a large lidie in the centre of the .ialand, it, widena at about twenty miles from ita mouih, dur- ing the month of May, to an extent of some 160 feet Its depth is between thre#ted four feet, and it runa in a por- tion of its course through rich alluvial land. At Vic^ria raaidea Sir Oeoige Doug^,.the chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Company, and Qovemor of i^ ialuid. The aettlement> situated upon a amaUr harbour, ia made up of aoma aizty lunuiBS, ot log cabioB, aiTthey, in point of fact, prmcipalljr t^ Tlie chief oleriu, tndarB^ Ac, rend* with the atorea inside a iMdiaoded enoloaura aurruuudiuM)! pouutry aeven M^Uti and iSi ttOlea of found thu great at prooent rMiiltrnt/on tweon Victoria and while, on the mpriaing about of ofim land land, 'ore t<> be of the ooluniate thu ialaiul. Be- lulniault there are 200 acres of prairie land ; advancing weat wo flud, beyond Kw|uiuittult MarlMiur, aSO acres diuru ; and at Matuhouitin, aix miles atill further weat, there ia an adtliUonal tract of jS20 acres of fine o|N9n land. Succeeding these, oaaea, ^toarf ro«;ka con« tinue to cliariuiteriae the coiud till wo reach I'eddvr liay, a anug littlu harbour, indenting the ialohd fur nearly three milea. Surrounding thia hlirbour there ia a rich level tract, with good aoil, con- Hiattng of black mould sImivu a auliaoil of yulluw oluy. TlUa fertile (lintriot ia plen- tifully aprinklikl with oak treea, ia well wateryl, and containa aeveral apringa. "On S«)ke Bay," aays Cfol. Colquhoun Granii fh)m whose exceedingly graphic description of Vanoouves Island,, commu- nicated to the Royal Qeog^phicol Society, we found our remarka oii the climate^ aoil, ijte., of the colony, — " on Soke Bay the author of this paper originally established himse^. He brought about thirty-five acjres under cultivation ; raised a small stock of cattle, horses, piga, and poultry ; and built houses for himself and men,' with a bam, farm buildings, and a saw- mill. He found the soil produce abun- dantly, when cultivated, any crops that can be grownJa Sfsotitfibd or England. He found ncMMoulty in eatablisUng a friendly intoMDi^se with the native tribea of savages, who were only about sixty in number. For two years he resided there a solitary colonist ; he then let his farm on leaae , to aome of the men he had brought out with him, and went to visit a far couptry." The hajrbour of Soke is perfectly shel- tered, bui is scarcely adapted to laive vessels. Along the eastern shore there la acaroely Kny available land, but at the entrance of the hay a^ootoh family Have located themselves on ^ little green alluvial pateh, where they prepare piles and spurs to he shipped to San Frapcisoo. Six varieties of fir and one of pine exjat around the harbour. Here rocks Main ■' iiwiiiiiiiiii iiiiiM«aMSMafc / ^ }i ■ ■* BOMM or THl »W0LI1H OVI» THB OA. M. .. till w« ns»ch tii« in<'««^> »' * "*•!• Sr«l bt thiT^tt^ Qu«ohuk«. which • Ai w. «m«rg« from th« »^^ "*J ';« w« reach th« ..I>«n "••'****"«,• "^u^ fX^ th« -«a. not ci«»>l« o! «»""tt'"K ""J llXr craft than the native oanoe. Thia felrun™ in-^i for «>.ne -"«-; -^^t Sr»t » .hort diatance from th. o.*.t. W rTldth d two or thr^J •»"«"• "", '^ . tho^ a.?.ettled » tribe of «v-«c-called Wtuintuoh or NlttaenaU, who an. ax- ♦l,« intranoe to BaroUy Sound, i« at a TSTBonUla- Since Mearea a vimt to t^S^ 8r„d. In Ahe \*nlnBcJ the JZnt centivy. no wh.teVn W »p- %^ there till ^ho '^mvatof an Amert STvwwel Ip the Bunimer of 18.>i. JM !SivrbrouKht alongaide thia vea.el in ^« week n? le«i th^ ^20 baiTeU of Xr Iii-abro«lbayopena the *». ...t " Ita breiulth at tne «n Tr^oXia Oniv' i« aV>o«tfift«enmile.. S 'ruTinlaudVththe^mebre.^^^^ to a dirtanoe of aeventwm milea. A num ' W Trocky ialeta atretch ocroaa the ^tn^cJnSving. however two bro^ r-r-sje^^rciria^w • re^eanSahalfbro.^.ndiacU^t9 Se eaatem ahona of the Sound .^^^^ U abdnt three milea and » nwa-ft^J^""^' id i. a Uttle farther tjthe -^^^^^^ It cannot be roiHtaken,*emB clMffiyv^ ile from the outaide. and ^ dirtta^Jy BuW So^m* i» *»*"' «d Woolly. thickly «.«T«1 »>* "-)-• ".'^■tS^ pTg ..ut fr>..nth« U.p of a t'Mj'vhl"- Th« Llv-iUnU of lUrclay H:»""'J^^;jii'*JJ^ ItrytLrU-C^ri^f^^ are » J . „ .1!,^ They are a harmleaa andamall '"""'**• V 'J), A-hlnir hav- raoe and bvu, altogether by ft"'"^. n»^ ^'imw bowa and am.wa among them, *l lamiTv mS mu-keta. Kven the ring^n a: -ingularly old a-nl worn i;"Zauce. and they are ^'^}^J^, liich .mailer -Uture tlmr. thel' neigh boura. the Nitt««nata.. Dwemng on tn« S of a .mall river '•^^\X/^Z pmiV from Barclay 8«";^.»f *5t„^l^ known inUnd tril)eo» ol tho woodlttd !■ rocky ana '\ ■ "'""t^^ 1 in the Bummer oi loo^ American ▼<*^*J? .r'",;^!^^, t Neapo<^ but did not moleat the crew. **^^^j 1 » UtUe north of Nootka, coal i»i^«^ ( wqod, »nd «hUl)»lnth« •t>m0 thre« tirior, ftfc th« The ooal If t llilck, cr«»l»- ^hhlU. Tho ,1 limy \y 700 limirable race, th into trib«» trfl a ivumltm y flshlng, h»v- ainong them, Ui, Kven the ^ oW anxl worn I generally «>< a their neigh- wolUng on' tho M)«t two clayB* ad. I* the only jDtl In Vanool^ «en almoit«x- lo IndiaW, who ttt four famJ- a ih« north of ote On»pt, " » Lre 8000 Indian* >u« to trade with aono but Ain«ri- ; them. A bar homa on It runii There i» 'good Bhelter from all ooMidcrablo dio- but there is no ware of, and the id is rocky and d to Nootka there; tx)ard th^t has the! dlable for any use- Sound i» a large biog several Bmall There is no open' de available wood- n numeroui, aiM" They seiied » ► ■ummer of 1861 orew. AtNe«po< ^ coal to iqport w MOHn OV TNI INOLItn to oaltod Purt by Um lodiaiii. NMnod Brooka o|i the chart*. Korth of Noapud to KoakMnne, bat there b no land at thk point for ooloni«a- tiun or ■eitlniiMtnt The ooaat ia roekv, though ilot high, and a vimmI vould do well ^) keep olear of it la winter. " It will be thiiN wMn," adda Col. Orant.. " that the moat favourable nlaoea for Aottleniitnt are to Im m«it with only on the (taat and aouth coaata. The went ooaat, north of Barotoy Sound, haa all a moat tinfavourabitt aapoot ; and even within Itarvlay Mound wo liavo only Imlianreporta nt premjnt to tnmt to for thore being ^nd of a nature fit for aettlemeut." The Indian pop\ilation of the whole inland^a «tate«l at 17,000. They are, in gonerol, favihirably able of being made verv uauful. They all live by fiahing, but take kindly to any rough ao;i of d^ioultural employment, though thair labour to not generally to bo denended on for any continued period. Tbt) lands at present surveyed bv tho Hudson's Bay Company it« inoladed in a line, whicn may be taken from Hane- tah to Hoke harbours. The ({uantity of totnd surveyed in detail to 200 wiuaro niilea, of which one third to rook unavaitoble; the remainder ia prinoipallr woodtond. Tho proportion of opeir laod will be ae^n f ronf tho above remarks, * where all that is known to mentioned, and bears a very siqaU propot'tion to 'the woodtond; but where itextoto at aU it to almost Invariably rich ; and the .woodland, wliere it is at all level, to richer tban the prairie ground, from the increased quantityn of vegetable denusit. Vanoouver Island poasaases but a poor Flora, and no noYr vaHetieaof ptonts nave been found there. The ((amass, a small esculent root, about Uie size of an onion, to pretty generally acattered over the sur- face of the istond. It to to be met with on the fertile patchea of open ground or pndrie, and also on the green uipa of soil among the rooks. Thto root forms the mineral native delioaov, in the wa^ of jfood,. for the savage inttabitanUi. They toy up large quantities of it for winter food, btirying it in the ground in {rits, in the same maiintt •■ they preserve their 0^ TMI Mil. t. m ators of iHtUtoM. The root is aaid to IHMMeaa atnmg aatrihgent quaUties. The aavage mode of pre|taraUon ia a* followa: — I^u'ge holfware dug in thn ground, Into w||loh art* thrown UntnUnH'n; on theae are placed the raw oamaan, and the whole covered up with atioka and mala— an ar* rangement which ia left ondiaturl>ed until the root ia auttluinntly hakmli Neit to the oanitiaa, ti>o plant nioat fr«M|utntly to be met with in the iatond ia the OauUHtrin HhaUoH, calleundfi and hill sides, HufmSiont soil toHup|>ortthom exif^, lUl the^f ruits gouo^ly cultivated in Ureat . Britain oTe to be met with in abundance'. The etrawberryl the gooseberrjr, black currant, raspberry, a small blaoc wild cherry, and" a variety of the crab-apple, ore included in the Itot ; and on the south of i\k« toland^ as well as upon the main- tond opposite, the potato to universally oul- tivated by the red men. The poiato ap- pears to have been lung known to them; . but, as it is never grown by any of the tribes except those which have traded Mth the white man, it n^y be oonsidered that th0 root to not iddiMifbus, but the iniitki duotion of some of the early traders to tljase pitrta. There are eight or nine va- rieties of tile potato to be found on the island, all differing in a greater or \tgm degree, aooording to tha character of the sou on whioh they grofw. All, however. ~^^^^^^\ HOinwoF THE BNOUtH OVIB THl 8IA. are of a larger sum than any. found in ■Kurope. Mr. Qnnt*infonni ua thai po- tatoeaatid- dried aalmon form the sta^ food of all the natives who can procure them, the camaaa being considered in the Ught of a delioady and dinner relish. Thev oonmime little animal food, beintr Wo laey to hunt for it except during win- ter, when they shoot large quantities of wild fowl. Bean, of which, as we have said, two species .exist in Vancouver, are numerous ujpon the island. Those Indians who possess « ahooting-ipona " l^ill them for ^e sake of bartering their skins with the Hudson's Bay Compiuiy. No part of the beto is grateful to the white man's palate, unless we except the foot when carefully cooked. A very hungry white ,^maii wiU, however, digest bear meat , «■ «Muy as any savage; but the pros- peot of other food must be very remote before the stomach of the former can be mduced to. grow thus accommoda- ting. The elk, the Jencurus, or large white-tailed deer, and a smaUer species of black-tMled deer, are also to be found Xn^ the island. The fle«h of the elk J., ™s good nourishing food, but that of the other kinds is tasteless and insipid, containing but Uttle nourishment. The panther aAd the black and white wolf . mfert the. thick woods. « Squirrels and minxesj„ says Col. Grant, "are foupd r*,evenrwher^ in great numbers, and both MOHtfnd sea-otters are occasionally to be met with : the latter are only found on the north coast of the island. The ani- "mal iB'generaUy'from four to eight feet jong, jeaohing, however, sometimes to a length of twelve feet ; and its fiir is very soft and deUcate, being by fer the mort vguable of thit of any animal found" on J^ north-west coast. It is generally of ft jet-bladc colour, though sometimes it hasa plightly brownish tint Signs of the , beover have occasidnally beto seen by old trapped on Vancouver Island, but the 8imnal4Mw never the Soottldi ier'throatt Uke colour, which ' his pMuliar ikcthatof aa SAQce. In ut- a one of tlie he frequently the creeping nown aound, >roach tq his however, he ilesa he aits e savage, al- k eye, never hot at either «»of grouie^ d-the drum rarietiea of tu is found leptArmigan irarieties fre- of them are alces ft very r walker, to >raoe a-daj. he Mexican micHihapen has none^> ^ generally e met with ica. The equally the reet, dieer- the melan* le. uatio birds, the An$er te common 1 gull, and etely cover ir lochs in iie ooimtry of crane m ground, talioup if ever, very icasionally ese latter and mi> ith except [inning of firioflM 'I" rn-tum^wf 7i^1^^^°^^ common of trhich are the Dotufbuii and the gratJu$ The former furnishes material for most ex- reguUnty of its groWth, is cross-grained. ^i^^^'K^^ f^ timbers ??f*?****' *•»« "»•«•, and the Ma ^^i ^/^ r" ^»«i^ thew is «5 depth of poil, lUl make exoeUent t£bS but are none of them adapted for ftnS- taK work. There Is alao*S lanT^ c«a«^Americ^ whioh gw^to a noWetreej the Abu* nobhi,, and ihe most picturMque tree of the ^ tribe in Vancouver Island is theiwW/i,; it is^,? Ifmever, often met with, growing onlJlS that I have seen oonvflniently situstS <^ another simSr species, somewhat darker hi the bwiand ^T «:*he quality of the l^J^ ♦w I- I^'^^qu'^ty of the wood of both ^ese kmds of oak is hard and tough, and &r*l^"f»^«y adapted to fSS knees and timbers for vessels. The tre«L however are «maU. and scrubby, andSSS their abMhed heads below theCS cornfer* by which they are sunCd? A large species of Arbutus grows on the seacoasl^ and on the banks ?fj^e« sometmies Teaohmg a height of Xm' ^,*2*^^yfeet .Theb^k is smooth a^of a bnght-red colour; the woorf^ iy,»"d white, and takes an elSlen^ pohflh OnlyonekmdofpmeAasMvS be«n found on the island, ff i£j^^!* The above-mentioned kmds aU erow ^I" fi^L »^««kt-ftom 15Q to 200^ ^ upw^ds-wherever thelmd is^tS Sf I-Sh*'" "^^^ ^"» tfe^boaS the island appean one mass of wood Among the natural produSisJf^. couver Island the native hemp must St MOllBgoPTm BN0LT5i. OVISE THB SKA. ^^^^ «» to Z!lJ!ii -^Pf^*"* have been «mt SriK^i.'f' o- it. quality befaig Kusrian hemp. There 1. no grSt qu«^ duction of the banks of Fnaer Ri^Jo^ the opposite mahihmcL There iTnod^b? however, that it might be v«y SrtZvelJ cultivated m Vanwuver SSTSSd £ »ts cultivation is probablylKw mS to sahnoD-flshmg, Se hiboVS ^'^ ?K!^ rt ^«^ the mSSrS Ooto^ and NovemW, their tSeil «2 cupjed U, raWng th« fidt mto tSr «JwS by means of long sticks annedauSI! m^cfookedmSS ThehSSSfartS to be precisely sunilar to^SHaug^ ^jjest coa«« of Scokfend. (J^moS tibere are eevto distind. kind.VtK5 jat^y plunging darte attJ^h A S^ o^Si;*^ *^S ^««' *« tire thZ out, and so slaughter them. AfterwaS ai^^hrion^^"«^-*-»«bythe From Colonel Grant's exceedmglyvalu. Ixi^T^rV^ .VancouJSnEd^ SrLS J**"**"^ "itatement of ^ trade cwTied on there during the ve» , 1863. J^ the bond JUeinSS^S^ ^ het^roentheislandandSanJVancfa^.W '^ the Hudson's Bay Company^s^^wi exported ^,^of saE CTfW River to the Sandwich Man^taTsidi^ dS^*"^ 'S.r tTS foundSS dantiy an around the coast* atni^-lT^^ j irT-r"'i. i~^"**°'"e'<*a«t: stuiseo Jj^butahwexistfaigreatqian^ Th, SSr;5? .«*«» «d*timbJr undSrfrteS fi il^ **^ "»to aooQuntthoSSL for fenmngmwy p«4, of the ishSX" tu THB WORK TABLB. V ';-5K;''' /. . i 7 '"^'-I'i *vs# TBI BASUT FBHWIFKB* The expo^ were as follows :— Coals, 1492 tons ; cranberries^ 150 barrels ; piles, 128,800 running feet; squared timber, 16,500 cubic feet ; spars, 22,000 running feet ; sawn timber, 10,000 superficial feet ; oysters, 1000 iMirrds; salmon, 8540 bar- rels ; oil (whalei and fish), 2QP barrels; oolaohnas, 150 barrels. he eontimed.) ' : >^ ./. HE WORK-TABLE. The Basket Fbnwi^eb.— These pretty Penwipers are very easily made, and are quite an oniament upon a lady's writing- table. They are also very' usefbl, and well calculated for acceptable Chiutaias presents. The materials W in the first place^ a few pieces of colouxea cloth, whidi look all the better for being bright and forming a good contrast. Of these, two rounds are to be cut the size ^f that which appears in our illustration, both of which are to be bound with narrow ribbon. We have given a diagram of the bell-shaped forms, which are next to be cut in two different cloths, and after having been pinked at their outer edge, are to be.tacked up witljpia needle and silk of their own colour, and then stitched down with as much regularity 'as possible on one of. the rounds qf clolh already prepared for that purpose. AbjDut half a dozen thick- nesser^ca black hook-mu^lin are then to be cbt round, slightly smaller than the two in dothf and berag placfed between them, are to be futened together by a few firm itches in the centre. The basket rising of the midst, of the two tiers of the , is simply cme of those pretty delicate 'yKQxk baskets which may be pur- I I V / ^' by th« Moent , polled to pass through the «mAU perfora< tions below the gau^iy, paortly through the oone, and against the outer pi^t of the flame, and partly through the 6elutral tube ag^t its interior; the supply of air obtained in this manner is atnply suffloient to- ensure perfect and brilliant combustion, without the employment of a chimney. Messrs. Martindale have also adapted the same general principle to the construction of flat wick lamps. The mode in yr\d6b. the globes are secured in the gallery is very simple and effective.. In Fig. 1 there may be ob- served, immediatoly over the button used in rtusing or depressing the wick, projecting over ths „_Jfi^if'^pJle«e are oapahle of being ttthiea.roai0 to. the opposite side, whtre there are two fixed oatohes. When «U are together the flanged 'globe can be readily placed in the gallery, bnt oa returning the movable catobes to the side opposite those that are fixed, tli» flange of the glass globe is securely held down on both sides, and its aocidentaL removal prevented. Believmg, as we do, that hydrocarbIto^fi^^SieaoTeniorofYancou^ iSuth, falls into the ^ ♦t terX^ 1 atC^^ April 16th, I860. The ^reatem extremity of the *f5"i?2' oSven^or had received a report from a opposite the southern end of ^J^ te^^tCervice of the rfudwn's Bay oSSver Island, and wito a few mil«i gjj » ^ y^^ ColtUle, on the_Upper of the American boundary; *J« °*^S J^SiS River. Further reports fol- the Thompson Riv0r,.rises ""t^* Kj^^ foW^in oSober; 1868, testifying to the SountainTand. flowing wes^. J<»J- }^^„^"S th^ discivcry. From ex- the Frawr about IW jnUes *rom t^ toPOTtwwe ^^^ tributaries; of ^ It is on these t^^^^tS KSJSTeTthere was reason to believe 2d chiefly at their confluence^ that the | Frs«er luver ui _ __^_,_. ,^^ "^.. .. "L-*.- V-.— Uaan made. HOn. SwSiieries""^ve'' been made. Hon Sntlemen who look at the maj m^ imagme this new colony »* »? *f ™®^': instance from foigland. but we tove .l^y ,eceived_overtuj« ^^-jo less Frazer luver wmww w— ."— -- -- - that the gold region was «^^«- ^^^J Bimilarity in the geologicjal ^n^fwo" ^J ;SSm"uitains in &e territory to those of Califolnia induced the governor to Iw- Ueve Sat these would prove equal y already received overtures »«»" "^ '"I I "jT^jierous. Subsequent " accounte, in ISSeit a person than Mr. Cunard fw a »^«5;«5^ ° J^e quantity of gold Se of portal «teM"-'^^t.*?^.^t^S l&TEut confirmed generally the ^ aSl passengers, by which It iB^ obg^» J) ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ SbSd thaTTpassengpsr '^"'^JjJ^SSly above the confluence of the SverpoolmaywaohthiscolonymaW «.p^y 5^^^^ rive The ihiriiy^e days by way «« ^ew York prawr «p^ r^^^^ and Panama. With regard to Ae soil, governor wr»w» discovered on the SL Tsaid to be some to^ble ^^^ K^.^oW^nfthT Columbia, and the on the lower part of t^«MrRlv«^^ ^^ ^^^ that river a^ the Thompson Biver district is descnbjl ^^.^ q December 29£hhe ascribed „ one ofthe finest countries m tt« ^J^ J™ ^j^ , ^d to the want of British dominions, with .». chmate te t^-^^^^^ iie part <^ the natives, Bunerior to that of countries m the same sKiu a»««^ ]^ ^en digging. SSon the ol^er ride^^the m^^^ tains. Mr. Cooper, who gsje valuable ^^^^ op^sed their entrance J^ence before oi^ ^^^f^^J^ t^f"^ Zat^rOf^t «citement \ district, with which he i«» *l»oroughly \ acqnaii^ted. wcmtiy addressed to me a Ser in whichhe states that/ 'its fish- SS^'aS most]^"'^^ ^*? r^^SJS^ r.":^ •« XV. „LiA fftr mariner purposes. STcount^r Great «cit?ment now prevailed in Oregon and Washington SC AninfluxofadTenturersmi^ be expected in the spring, in which <»se ,,.^♦1- v^»a«n the whites and the into now X'a^ mSvalnable. ite J^^^T?: SlSITbe^SeSr a;Thitos and the W in the wirld for manner puT»^ 00^^^ expected to occur. \™ abounds with bituminous «>»l'_r^ ^f ^ ST as the fct discovery m Wdforthe^enenitionof rt«»in. J^J^ As to ^^^^ ^^ suggested Spson's BiTer and Colvijedisbri^ I ^r^l^^'^ gating digging jl^nses, ♦n thaRockv Mountains, and from tne l™®^**"'. . P t fos.. which, on the It i. ta ««y «7 «d»*^ ">' """^ SuXrSi^-twm th. iM s\ i; HOMB* OP THB BM0U8H OVER THB 81A. 41V i [usntitiefl. a popular Idand it- jred. The nland wan OfBce by a Vancouver 86«. The tit from a dson'B Bay the Upper ■eports lol- ying to the From ex- sutaries • of n to believe «nBive: th^ 'ormation of f to those of irnor to be- ove equally' accounts, in ttity of gold snerally the the minee, lence of the IverB. The )f July, 1857, rered'on the ibia, and the b river and £h he ascribed the want of il the natives, men digging, hostile to the heir entrance \t excitement idWaahin^n snturers might , in which ca&e bites and the ted to oocmr. i discovery in had suggested " igjpng licenses, , -which, on the raisea to 20s. ; from digg^ 1 the cololtial loolamation has letter ; fc>^ in nunei^ hadpno. prodianatioD, Or I, he having i^ oommiasion as governor on the main* Uund ; and, , indeed, his sole power has been the moral power of his energy, tadents, and extraordinary influence over the natives. • The manner in which he has preserved peace is hij^y to his honouK In a letter from the governor to Hm Hudson's^ay Companv, Mansh 22nd, 1868, he trusts that her |[ajesty's Government would take measures to prevent crimes find protect life and pro< perty, or there would be ere long a large array of difficulties to settle. 'A large number of Americans had entered the territory; others were preparing to follow.' On the 8th of Mav he states to the Colonial Office that 460 passen- gen^ '^chiefly gold-minera. had come from San Fnmcisoo; that they all appeared ^ell provided wjilh mining tools; there seemed to be no want of capital or in- telligmioe among them ; that about sixty were Britidi subjects, and about an equid number Americans; the rest were chiefly Germans, with some Frenchmen and Italians. Add I have here the pleasure: to observe that he states that, though thel]^ was a temporary scarcity of food and a dearth of house accommoda- tion, they were remarkably quiet and orderly. The governor then touches on the advantage to the trade of the island from Uie arrival of so large a body of people ; but he adds significantly \— " ' The interests of thWemiore may not be improved to the same extent by the accession of a ioreign population whose Bympathies are decidedly anti-British, From thill point of view the question aasumcis an idarming aspect, and leads us^to dcubt the policy of permitting foreigners to enter the British territory adlibitwi without taking the oath of allegiance, or otherwitie giving security to the Government of the country.' " He sti tea that ' the principal diggings at Fraser and Thompson rivers at pre- sent will continue flooded for many months, and there is a great scarci^ of food in the gold districts; that the ill> provided adventuren -mha have gone there will exhaust their atock of pro- visions, and will probably redre from the ooontiy till a more £»vomable season; that on thiS dangerous z^ids of the river a great number of -canoes have been dauied to pieces, the cargoes swept away^ many of the adventurers swept into eternity— otherb, noUiing daunted, p reas ing on to the goal of then- wishes.' How far these statementa and antici- pations have been borne out by the facts, will be best judged bv the report of the *< Times" correspondent, who sends an epitome of the mining operations of the season 1861-2, of which we fumiih 41 abridgment :— " A certain number of miners remain<^ in Cariboo during the winter. The sea- son was not so severe in that district as in portions of the country further, south and nearer to the coast, a fact of great value to the minen who wintered on the spot, as it enabled them to work more or less during tlie winter, to prepare worb for the ensuing seaaon, and to avail them- selves of the first favourable opening of spring to recommence their season's lar hours ,long before the miners frpm the lower country could arrive. "From the middle of April to the middle of May the state of matters is re- ported to have been as follows : — On Williams Creek, Steele's company and Cunningham's company wei% at work, and reahmng the great yield of last year; the iormer eaAiing laige sums, and the latter produced on one day from a hole 8. ft. by 4 ft. 92,800 in the brief space of one hour and a half. These were the only ' claims ' worked lor some time j ' to the lait'ofMay.thv' AvA-imii ttSf snow— greatly obstructed all operations ; in fact, no such thing as thorough pros- pecting oeuld be done till the snow dis- appeared, and the water fell in the creeks. July will be well adyanced before the miners can fairly get to work ; and not till August can we anticipate any very large receipts of gold from Cariboo. Then it will flow in, increasing in volume till winter steps in and stops the washing of pay-dirt. At last accounts only one company was at work on Antler, and two on Williams Creek. From Steele's 300 ounces, worth $5,000, were taken out in a day. Cunningham's claim turned ottt at the rate of 16 lb. avoirdupois in gold. A half share in it sold for $16,000 !— an immense price for 60 feet along)si^e, and We tfaiikr4ke'i»«a«itt^ pd^p^M italtlie m^ ■\., operationn; )rongh pros- ho snow dis- n the oreckc. before the rk; and not te any very •m Cariboo. ig in volume the washing ts only one iler, and ti^o Steele's 300 akon Out in turned out )oi8 in gold. $15,000 f— b along'Wil- why these advance of :he fact that 1 there last win not be ), and next U be likely tigSrings are means in. population. late intelli. nmunicated Bioner. , He B likdy to year. The renders the than ever, alone have igB are deep when the le hydraulic taken ou£ flsured that prospected, the beds of miners 'in were esti- sre were at jr up. Omr that thie dyto cause fctim. We ▼wylaittB lihepack^ th» vmper k awCwe iltlie mittiea fl5(-r >-wt -V AN INCIDUNT IN THB UFB OP A^ UNPLBDOBO GENIV8. 4IS and those on their way there are likely to get what provisions they require if tlijey 'liave enough money to purchase thjtm. We would therefore strongly re- ^obamend those who intend to go to O^riboo to take plenty of money ; and if Clble, carry with them enough flour, n, and beans for two monuis' con- ■fltimption. For, except the, rush there be greater this season than can now bo f airlv anticipated, the padcers will push through vuoh plentiful supplies by the middle or last of August as will meet the entire denttnd, and leave somcftliing to spare. There are nearly 850 miles oi waggon- road now in coui-ao of construotiou on the two river routes to Cariboo, and at last advices labourers could not be had, though the two lifles would fitmish em-> plf the Cariboo mines.", lUToieeontbrntd.) . Tai Nettlb sun TaaotfOB A MiOBOsoora..T-21mlHf Tkbiga motgmiiraaif.XiiHmm. , . , AN INCIDENT IN THE LIFE OF AN UNFLEDGED GENIUS. UB8VI.A. would write i|Jbook, bat, though '^ she felt capable, her unmed effurts cauMid her to need the advice and sympathy of some one who know more of the world and its likiags : and to whom should she go bat to Jane, her good, wise lister i So to Jane she wont. " Jane, I want to write a book.f' "A book!" reiterated ..the astonished clder-^" a book !— what can have put that ridicnlous thought into your head r Don't you know how many books ore continually being sent to the market P it is iJrmdy full." " The very reason; which enoQurageli Uf, as it proves the dem^d to be groat.'' "Silly child! That is iust like saying that because the market u ftfU of breftd, people must necessarily be hungry." "Well, sister; and do we not (tonatmiUy : require fresh suppUea otffoii both for body andmind?" V ' ' But^ resnemher how many poor authori. are con&ually learning that their attempts \ are miserable failures." \ 'softhe( ln< unu:— |< tfanberi 11 fit yotexiat. It Iain every wajrauitable for liaalion. Th«*re are tliree route* by wl /ancouvor'a laland and Dritiah Columbi* naj bo rrached. First, round Capo Horn iroot t > Victoria,vthe capital of Vancouver'a alan'l, a fluurlahing town of 3000 inhalti- |nt< ; 'idly, by the Wost India mail Htoainer 9 Anpinwall, theuco acroHH tho Iiith(nuii('18 ^Uom) by railwiiy, to I'juiaina, un