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 DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF THK 
 
 "Annular" or "Ring Oven," 
 
 nfj^™- 
 
 NOW imECTimi AT 
 
 
 TANNERIES WEST, 
 
 Near MONTREAL. 
 
 IVith a list of some of those in use in Great Bntain. 
 
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 DESCRIPTrOlSr 
 
 OP THE 
 
 "Annular" or "Ring Oven," 
 
 NOW ERECTING AT 
 
 S^S^ 
 
 TANNERIES WEST, 
 
 Near MONTREAL. 
 
 mth a list of some of those in use in Great Britain. 
 
THE PATENT 
 
 "Annular" or "Ring" Oven, 
 
 (NOW ERECTING AT THE OLEN BBICX WOBKS.) 
 
 A short description of this oven for burning bricks and other ar- 
 ticles hereinafter mentioned, and a few facts connected therewith, 
 may be acceptable to parties interested. 
 
 The first construction of the oven is costly, the one now erecting 
 at the Glen Brick Works will probably cost, including the patent right, 
 $10,000. The necessity of extensive solid masonry for foundations 
 costing one-fifth of that sum, but when completed the saving of fuel is 
 to use the words of parties now working them in England, " such as 
 appears at first incredible." 
 
 Nearly one hundred of these Kilns are now in operation *in Great 
 Britain, and two hundred and sixty on the Coni'i."!nt of Europe, 
 and their erection is going on with increasing rapidit; . Several of 
 those now at work have been seen and thoroughly examined by the 
 parties most interested in the construction of this one for the Glen 
 Brick Company, and every possible objection to them has been fully 
 and fairly met and removed. The Architect and Patentee, Mr. Wag- 
 ner, having been present at the erection of one Kiln at Berlin, Ger- 
 many, and has witnessed the working of many others. So that the 
 first to be erected in Canada is not to be regarded as an experiment. 
 Its complete success has been fully and permanently established. 
 
 In this country, where wood as fuel for manufacturing purpose?, 
 j's becoming every year, in the larger cities, more costly, the import- 
 ance of any considerable saving in its consumption demands atten- 
 tion, and as in the case of this oven, it is not necessary to burn wood 
 at all, the advantage is obvious. Small or Dust Coal, Turf, Peat 
 
or Composition Fuel, may be fed in through the apertures de- 
 Hcribcd, in very small (quantities at a time, and from them the Gases 
 are instantly disengaged, and rising into and among the goods, com- 
 bustion takes place in immediate contact with the articles to be burnt. 
 
 The Goods are not burnt by a rapid draught, like what is neces- 
 sary under the old system to support sufficient combustion ; but, 
 on the contrary, the inflamed gas from the fuel fills the whole Burn- 
 ing Chamber, and gently waves onward through and amongst the 
 Ware, filling every portion of the space with an equal temperature, 
 which it imparts to the Goods. The working of the Kiln is under 
 most perfect control by means of the dampers. If desired, it may 
 be burning by day, and so regulated at night as not to require any 
 attention, without lowering its temperature. 
 
 The following extract from the very lucid description given in 
 a Lecture delivered by Profesor J. Thomson, before the Chemico- 
 Agricultural Society of Ulster, "On Recent Improvements in 
 the Manufacture of Bricks," will clearly explain its action : — 
 
 Professor J. Thomson, after giving explanations of the Chemical 
 composition and other characters of diflferent kinds of clays, and 
 the changes which they undergo in being burnt or raised to an 
 incandescent heat, explained the chief methods in use for working 
 the clay and forming it into bricks ready for the kiln. He then 
 turned attention to the great loss of heat which occurs in the 
 ordinary modes of burning bricks in common kilns. This great loss, 
 he pointed out, arises in a twofold way. First — During the burn- 
 ing of the bricks, the air which has passed through the fuel, or 
 among the heated bricks, and the smoke including gaseous pro- 
 ducts generally, passes away from the kiln to waste at a very high 
 temperature, even at a red heat during a considerable part of 
 the process. Secondly — When the bricks are raised to the high 
 temperature required to burn them, and render them permanently 
 hard, the great store of heat which they contain is entirely thrown 
 to waste, while they are left cool. He stated that he had noticed 
 with much interest the very admirable principles of a new kind of 
 kiln with perpetually revolving fire, which, invented and patented in 
 Germany, is being introduced into this country, both for brick-burning 
 
and lime-burning. In this new kiln a niOHt rcnmrkublu economy of 
 fuel is effected in a twofold way ; in fact, by saving the twofold loss 
 of heat already mentioned ; for, first, it saves the heat of the 
 gascjus products of combustion and unoonsumed air passing through 
 and away from the burning bricks, by applying this heat eflFectively 
 in drying the now fresh bricks about to be burnt, and raising them 
 up to an incandescent temperature, so that only a very slight ad 
 dition of heat directly from ignited fuel is required to complete 
 their burning ; and, secondly, it saves the heat of the cooling bricks, 
 after their having been sufficiently fired, by applying it all in warm- 
 ing the air which goes forward to supply the fires : so that the fuel 
 is burnt with air already at an incandescent temperature, instead of 
 requiring, as usual, to heat the air for its own combustion. Pro- 
 fessor Thomson, with the aid of drawings, went on to explain the 
 manner in which these principles are practically carried into effect. 
 The kiln is built in the form of a large arched passage, like a 
 railway tunnel, bending round and going forward on the ground till 
 it closes with itself to form a great circular ring chamber, within 
 which the burning of the bricks is carried on. This ring-chamber 
 may be of any dimensions, depending on the quantity of bricks re- 
 quired for daily delivery. Round its circumference there are 
 twelve entrance door-ways (jt), admitting of being closed with tem- 
 porarily-built bricks and clay, so as to retain the heat and exclude 
 all entrance of air by the door-ways so built up. The great ring- 
 chamber may now be conceived as consisting of twelve compart- 
 ments or spaces, with one of these door-ways to each. In the 
 centre of the ring a high chimney is erected (b), and from each of 
 the twelve compartments of the annular chamber an underground 
 flue (c) leads into the chimney. There are, then, twelve of these 
 flues converging towards the centre like the spokes of a wheel, and 
 each flue has a valve, (e) by which its communication with the 
 chimney can be cut off. Arrangements are made by which a 
 partition like a damper or portcullis (d) can be inserted at pleasure 
 so as to cut off all communication between any of the twelve 
 compartments of the ring-kiln and the next one. Let us now sup- 
 pose the working of the kilm to have been already fairly established, 
 for after being once kindled the fire is never extinguished, but 
 the burning of new Bricks and the removal of the finished produce 
 
6 
 
 is carried on by a continuouH and regular proceas from day to day. 
 Two adjacent compartmcntH (d&) have tliis day their entrance doors 
 open, all the rest boinj^ perfectly closed. By the arrangement of 
 the valves in the flues, and the larger damper or portcullis (</), 
 the air which gets admittance along by the two open doors (d) 
 has to go round the whole circuit of the ring-kiln in order to be 
 drawn into the chimney. From one of the two open compart- 
 ments men are taking out the finished and cooled bricks, and in 
 the other one they are building up newly formed unburnt Bricks 
 which are not yet quite dry. The air entering by these two 
 compartments passes first among bricks almost cold, and takes 
 up their heat, and then goes forward to warmer Bricks, and 
 then to hotter and hotter, carrying the heat of the cooling 
 Bricks forward with it till it reaches the part of the ring 
 diametrically opposite to the two open and cold compartments. 
 At this place (e e) it gets a final accession of heat from the 
 burning of a very small quantity of coal-dust, or other suitable fuel 
 which is droppe 1 in among the bricks from time to time by numer- 
 ous small openings furnished with air-tight moveable lids. Thus, at 
 this part of the kiln there is generated the full intensity of heat, 
 which is required for the burning of the bricks. The hot air, 
 including the -products of the combustion, which, for brevity, we may 
 call the smoke, though it is really perfectly gaseous and free from 
 sooty particles, then passes forward to the bricks, which, by its 
 continuous current, are being heated ; and it passea on among 
 them from hot bricks to those who are less and less hot, heating 
 them as it goes, and then passes on to those which are still damp, 
 drying them as it goes ; and then it passes to the chimney, in a 
 state almost cold, and saturated with the moisture, in the form 
 of steam or vapour, which it has taken from the damp bricks. On 
 the following day to that on which the operations just described 
 have been going on, the portcullis is shifted forwards by the space 
 of one compartment, and a corresponding change is made as to 
 the flue which is to communicate with the chimney, and as to 
 the pair of compartments open for the admission of air and for 
 the removal of finished cold bricks, and the building in of fresh 
 damp bricks ; and the air, including products of combustion, at 
 the ends of its circuit in the annular chamber just before passing 
 
 r 
 
off to the chimney now piiHsos among the fresh briukfl which 
 were deHcribed m built in on the yesterday of this new dny. Tho 
 phice where the coal-dust for fuel is thrown in is also advanced 
 round the circle by the stage of one compartment; and so now 
 the whole process goes on just as it did yesterday. The tire 
 thus makes a complete circuit of the annular chamber in twelve 
 working days, the whole process being left dormant on Sundays, 
 merely by closing of all apertures for the admission of the 
 current of air. The same kind of kiln, with tho same process of 
 working, is applicable in tho burning of lime; and for both tho 
 brick-burning and tho lime burning, the saving of fuel, relatively 
 to what is consumed by the ordinary methods, is such as to 
 appear at first sight a/nwxt incredihle. 
 
 ADVANTAGES. 
 
 t 
 
 \r 
 
 Among other advantages which are obtained by the arrange- 
 ments described, in comparison with the old constructions, are the 
 following : — 
 
 1st. — The Atmospheric Air necessary for supporting the combustion 
 of the fuel absorbs the heat of the cooling Goods, and supplies 
 the fire of the Furnace with hot air, which results in a more 
 favourable and most complete combustion, as well as economi- 
 sing this heat which is usually wasted. On the other side, 
 the superfluous heat from the Burning Chamber contributes 
 to the gradual drying and heating of the Goods to be burnt, 
 so that nothing is lost except what is necessary for supporting 
 the draught in tho Chimney. The saving of Fuel arrived at 
 by experience, amounts to the large proportion of from two- 
 thirds to THREE-FOURTHS of that consumed in ordinary fur- 
 naces. 
 
 2nd. — The apertures through which the furnace receives the com. 
 bustibles arc so placed that at any time the state and progress 
 of the fire in the Kiln can be examined .ind regulated with 
 
8 
 
 the utmost accuracy. By this means a product of a very 
 first-rate quality in all its parts can be produced, which could 
 not be obtained in the common Kilns. 
 
 3rd. — The charging and emptying of the Kiln can be done at the 
 same time, and without interruption, as each day a Chamber 
 can be filled — another emptied — and one burnt — the remainder 
 cooling and drying. The result is a saving of time, in conse- 
 quence of which a large and regular supply of Goods can be 
 depended upon. 
 4th. — The height of the Burning Chamber — only 8 or 9 feet — great- 
 ly facilitates the putting in and taking out of the articles to 
 be burned, as well as saving injury to the Goods frdm sup- 
 porting a great weight when at a very high temperature. 
 
 5th. — As all the compartments of the Furnace are constantly being 
 emptied in succession, any repairs can be done without inter- 
 rupting the process ; but these Kilns, if properly constructed, 
 are not liable to get out of order. 
 
 6th — As the combustibles are thrown into compartments only when 
 at a high heat, any sort of fuel — as Wood, Turf, small Coal, 
 &c. — can be applied. In the use of Coal, the Gas is imme- 
 diately generated, and filling every part of the Kiln burns the 
 Goods equally. In these kilns there is a total absence of ra- 
 pid draught. The Gases float gently onwards, filling every 
 part of the Chamber while in a state of perfect combustion. 
 
 7th. — The Furnace is well adapted for Roasting Ores, Burning 
 Lime, Cement, and Firing Pottery, as well as Bricks ; the 
 principle is also applicable to Coke Ovens and Annealing 
 Ovens for Malleable Iron Castings, because the draught can 
 be regulated, and the temperature increased or diminished, 
 and the highest degrees of heat easily obtained and supported. 
 
 8th. — Besides saving such a large per centage in the quantity of fuel 
 consumed, this Kiln only requires to be supplied with small 
 Coal, of comparatively little value, and therefore further re- 
 duces the cost of manufacture. 
 
 9th. — Absence of all Smoke, arising from the perfect combustion of 
 the fuel. 
 
I 
 
 9 
 
 10th. — Freedom from injury to the burning Goods by any sudden 
 change in the temperature, the heat being so gradually absorb" 
 ed and given out again, no injurious action can arise from the 
 operations being too rapidly performed. 
 
 11th.— The cost of Labour in Burning is so much reduced that the 
 saving in this item alone is very great. 
 
 Further details of the actual results in comparative consump- 
 tion of Coal, and the opinion of many eminent practical men mighi 
 be added, 
 
 A model and drawings of this Annular or Ring Oven may be 
 seen at the office of the Glen Brick Company, by any of the Stock- 
 holders, or by others on permission of the President, and also a list 
 of the places, in Great Britain and Ireland, as well as on the Conti- 
 nent of Europe, where it is now in operation, as well as the testi- 
 mony, in its favor, from parties now using it, — one of which is from 
 Henrich Driesch, of Vienna, probably the largest Brick makers in 
 the world, and from Messrs. Joseph Cliff & Son, of Watley, near 
 Leeds, England, and many others. 
 
 The following is a list of Ring Ovens, in use in Great Britain, 
 up to Spring of 1867 :— 
 
 The Right Honorable the Lords of the Admiralty — fo hum 
 75 millions of Bricks. ,,„ ^^ ^5,^^ 
 
 The Aylesford Pottery Co., Kent, (1 single, 1 double) 8 
 
 The Cliff Fire-Clay Co., Crigglestone, near Wakefield 1 
 
 The North Loudon Brick Co., HoUoway 1 
 
 The Dorking Grey Stone Lime Co., Surrey 2 
 
 The Swan Bank Brick Co., Halifax 1 
 
 Bradford Colliery Co., Manchester 1 
 
 Messrs. Pcto, Betts, Kelk, and Waring Bros., Kensington (2 
 
 double Kilns) 4 
 
 Messrs. Waring Bros., King's Cross, (1 double, 1 single Kiln)... 8 
 
 The Avon Bank Brick and Tile Co., Bristol 1 
 
 Messrs. W. Thomas & Co., Wellington, Somerset 1 
 
 Messrs. J. & A. Glover, Longton, Staffordshire Potteries 1 
 
10 
 
 No. of kilns, 
 
 Messrs. R. Beart & Co., Arlsey 
 
 Messrs. Bradley & Craven, Wakefield 
 
 Messrs. Josh. Cliff & Son, Fire-Clay Works, Wortley, Leeds 
 
 Messrs. W. Ingham & Sons, Fire-Clay Works, Wortley, Leeds. . 
 
 Messrs. Longley & Co., Leeds 
 
 The Leeds Patent Brick Co., Leeds 
 
 Messrs. Piatt, Bros. & Co., Oldham 
 
 Messrs. Keith & Harriman, Aberdeen 
 
 Mr. George Furness, Burham, Kent, (1 double Kiln) 
 
 Mr. Geo. Jennings, South Western Pottery, Poole 
 
 Mr. W. Hicks, Barnet, Herts 
 
 Mr. 0. Wilson, Malvern 
 
 Mr. W. Mansfield, Birmingham 
 
 Mr. T. Bennett, Derby 
 
 Mr. E. Dusautoy, Derby 
 
 Mr. E. Ensor, Woodville Fire-Clay Works, Burton-on-Trent . . . . 
 
 Mr. 11. Beart, Huntingdon 
 
 Mr. R. W. Hunt, Otley 
 
 Mr. J. Saner, Hull 
 
 Mr. W. Benson, Newcastle-on-Tyne 
 
 Mr. J. Richardson, West Hartlepool 
 
 Mr. A. J. Woodheusc, Barrow-in-Furness 
 
 Mr. W. Barry, Scarborough 
 
 Mr. John Moore, Belfast (1 double Kiln) 
 
 Mr. R. Murland, Castle Espie Lime Works, County Down 
 
 Mr. Wilson Oliver & Co. Butt near Worcester 
 
 Mr. J. Marsden, Bolton, Lancashire 
 
 Mr. B. C. Lawton, Durham 
 
 Hook & Co. Reigate, Surrey 
 
 Mr. J. E. Howl, Staffordshire 
 
 The Glen Brick Co., have secured the exclusive right for the 
 " Ring Oven" for Montreal and its vicinity. 
 
 JOHN LEEMTNG, 
 
 President Glen Brick Co., 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 Montreal, Feb. 1869. 
 
 PRINTED AT THE OFl'ICK 01' JOHN C. BECKET, MONTUKAI,.