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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 CE MN» nmi^ BOOK r wfm Wl ISkwi^^ke mi Ak$km " ^f'--j fS ""'•'III i' Ml I n I 1^1,^1 1. .1 ',. tit M ■% -»- -Wj S^'i-iS^J^/^ii'tlrA 103POSTST.,SiIFSlICIS(;0,GiL ONLY HEADQUARTERS FOR THE HEAVIEST AND WARMEST KIND OF Alaskan Socks and Stockings Alaskan Sweaters Alaskan Hoods and Caps Alaskan Underwear Alaskan Mitts, Etc. -CALL OR WRITE US !■■ ■ .. ■ THIS MAP OF THE GOLD FIELDS m ' SHOWS THE TWO ROUTES TO THE KLONDYKE AND THE LOCATION OF ALL THE PLACER MINES AND SETTLEMENTS, IT ALSO SHOWS THAT IF YOU WANT TO BE PROPERLY FITTED OUT FOR THE TRIP, YOU CAN FIND EVERYTHING YOU WANT IN THE LINE OF GUNS. PISTOLS, KNIVES, AMMUNITION, FISHING TACKLE, BLANKETS, TENTS, RUBBER BOOTS, UNDERWEAR, AND MANY OTHER NECESSARY ARTICLES • '-■ ''AT CLABROUGH, GOLCHER & CO. — "^^ / 538 MARKET STREET SAN FRANCISCO TELrPHONE MAIN 1394 IF YOU CANNOT CALL WRITE TO U6 FOR PARTICULARS / rERILOUS ROOTift ¥r which not less bur sides squared face. It uared or the yeet Jpendec . iiouer in f a river latsoever wide at he river .1 be two LUgles to >sts, one r mark, : edge of irk shall and the id shall St, Upon 5 of the &ked. et long, s of the stream, and shall extend in width from base to base of the hill or bench on each side, but when the hills or benches are less than 100 feet apart, the claim may be 100 feet in depth. The sides of a claim shall be two par- allel lines run as nearly as possible at right angles to the stream. The sides shall be marked with legal posts at or about the edge of the water and at the rear boun- daries of the claim. One of the legal posts at the stream shall be legibly marked with the name of the miner and the date upon which the claim was staked. 5. Bench claims shall be 100 feet square. 6. In defining the size of claims they shall be meas- ured horizontally, irrespective of inequalities on the surface of the ground. ^ 7. If any person or persons shall discover a new mine, and such discovery shall be established to the satisfaction of the Gold Commissioner, a claim for the bar diggings 750 feet in length may be granted. A new stratum of auriferous earth or gravel, situated in a locality where the claims are abandoned, shall for this purpose be deemed a new mine, although the same locality shall have previously been worked at a different level. 8. The forms of application for a grant for placer mining, and the grant of the same, shall be those con- tained in forms " H *' and " I " in the schedule hereto. 9. A claim shall be recorded with the Gold Commis- sioner in whose district it is situated within three days after the location thereof, if it is located within tsn miles of the Commissioner's office. One extra day shall be allowed for making such record for every additional ten miles and fraction thereof. 10. In the event of the absence of the Gold Com- missioner from his office, entry for a claim may be granted by any person whom he may appoint to per- form his duties in his absence. 11. Entry shall not be granted for a claim which has not been staked by the applicant in person in the manner specified in these regulations. An affidavit that the claim was staked out by the applicant shall be em- bodied in form " H " of the schedule hereto. 12. An entry fee of $15 shall be charged the first year, and an annual fee of $100 for each of the follow- (7) IR7" ing years. This provision shall apply to the locations for which entries have already been granted. 13. After the recording of a claim removal of any post bv the holder thereof, or any person acting in his behalf) for the purpose of changing the boundaries of his claim, shall act as a forfeiture of the claim. 14. The entry of every holder for a ^rant for i)lacer mining must be renewed and his receipt relin(][uished and replaced every year, the entry fee being paid each year. 16. No miner shall receive a grant for more than one mining claim in the same locality; but the same miner may hold any number of claims^^y purchase, and any number of miners may unite to work their claims in common upon such terms as they may arrange, pro- vided 81 h agreement be registered with the Gold Com- missioner and a fee of $6 ^aid for each registration. 16. Any miner or miners may sell, mortgage, or dispose of his or their claims, provided such disposal be registered with, and a fee of $2 paid to, the Gold Commissioner, who shall thereupon give the assignee a certificate in form " J ' in the schedule hereto. 17. Every miner shall during the' continuance of his grant have the exclusive right of entry upon his own claim for the miner-like working thereof, and the con- struction of a residence thereon, and shall be entitled exclusively to all the proceeds realized therefrom; but he shall have no surface rights therein, and the Gold Commissioner may grant to the holders of adjacent claims such rights of entry thereon as may be absolutely necessary for the working of their claims, upon such terms as may to him seem reasonable. He may also grant permits to miners to cut timber thereon for their own use, uijon payment of the dues prescribed by the regulations in that behalf. 18. Every miner shall be entitled to the use of so much of the water naturally flowing through or past his claim, and not already lawfully appropriated, as shall in the opinion of the Gold Commissioner ot necessary for the due working thereof, and shall be entitled to drain his own claim free of charge. 19. A claim shall be deemed to be abandoned and open to ^he occupation and entry by any person when (8) . i locations val of any ing in his ndaries of • for i>lacer inquished paid each tnore than the same chase, and eix claims ange, pre- sold Com- ition. ^^gf^ge, or 1 disposal the Gold assignee a nuance of )n his own I the con- e entitled from; but the Gold adjacent ibsolutely pon snch may also for their d by the use of so r past his 3 shall in ssary for to drain >ned and 3n when the same shall have remained unworked on working days b7 the grantee thereof, or by some person on his behalf, for the space of seventy-two hours, unless sick- ness or other reasonable' cause may be shown to the satisfaction of the Gold Commissioner, or unless the grantee is absent on leave given by the Commissioner, and the Gold Commissioner upon obtaining evidence satisfactory to himself that this provision is not being complied with may cancel the entry given for a claim. 20. If the land upon which a claim has been located is not the property of the crown, it will be necessary for the person who applies for entry to furnish proof that he has acquired from the owner of the land the surface right before entry can be granted. 21. If the occupier of the lands has not received a patent therefor, the purchase money of the surface rights must be paid to the crown, and a patent of the surface rights will issue to the party who acquired the mining rights. The money so collected will either be refunded to the occupier of the land when he is entitled to a patent therefor, or will be credited to him o^ account of payment for land. 22. When the party obtaining the mining rights cannot make an arrangement with the owner thereof for the acquisition of the surface rights it shall be lawful for him to give notice to the owner or his agent, or the occupier, to appoint an arbitrator to act with another arbitrator named by him in order to award the amount of compensation to which the owner or occupant shall be entitled. The notice mentioned in this section shall b?! according to form to be obtained upon application from the Gold Commissioner for the district m which the lands in question lie, and shall, when practicable, be personally served on such owner or his agents, if known, or occupant; and, after reasonable efforts have been made to effect personal service without success, then such notice shall be served upon the owner or agent within a period to be fixed by the Gold Commissioner before the expiration of the time limited in such notice. If the proprietor refuses or declines to appoint an arbi- trator, or when, for any other reason, no arbitrator is appointed by the propriety,/ in the time limited there- for in the notice provided for by this section, the Gold (9) ^ Commissioner for the district in which the lands in ques- tion lie shall, on being satisfied by afGldavit that such notice has com* to the knowledge of such owner, agent, or occupant, or that such owner, agent, or occupant willfully evades the service of such notice, or cannot be found, and that reasonable efforts have been made to eflfect such service, and that the notice was left at the last {)lace of abode of such owner, agent, or occupant, appoint an arbitrator on his behalf. 23. (a.) All arbitrators appointed under the authority of these regulations shall be sworn before a justice of the peace to the impartial discharge of the duties assigned to them, and they shall forthwith proceed to estimate the reasonable damages which the owner or occupant of such lands, according to their several inter- ests therein, shall sustain by reason of such prospecting and mining operations. (b.) In estimating such damages the arbitrators shall determine the value of the land irrespectively of any enhancement thereof from the existence of mineral therein. (c.) In case such arbitrators cannot agree they may select a third arbitrator, and when the two arbitrators cannot agr^ upon a third arbitrator the Gold Commis- sioner for the district in which the lands in question lie shall select such third arbitrator. ( tion to the |X5 registration fee and $100 annual assess- ment. The royalty will be 10 per cent on claims with an output of |600 or less monthly and 20 per cent on every claim yielding above that amount yearly. Besides this royalty, it has been decided in regard to all future claims staked out on other streams or rivers, that every alternate claim shall be the property of the government and shall be reserved for public purposes and sold or worked by the government for the benefit of the revenue of the Dominion. (12) ereof and the the exclusive >m. That th ! of so much his (or their) ed as shall be 1 to drain his i (A. B.) any of ownership hesaid^rant 31 is continu- id (A. B.) or i down in the and are sub- ions, whether Lmissioner. I Alternate the second ning, it was ed to impose kon in addi- inual assess- claims with per cent on rly. in regard to ns or rivers, jerty of the ic purposes tie benefit of TENTS DUCK Canvas and Waterproof Bags — FOR— ALASKA MANUFACTURED Ames & Harris 100 SACRAMENTO ST. SAN FRANCISCO ii^^i^iiH ttmmtftti ■HliiMi fr^^ ^■■p BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN CANADA AND ALASKA. Professor Davidson Says There Cannot Be the Remotest Possibility of Friction Between the Two Governments. The main features of the boundary line between: Alaska and Canada are the irregular line extending from j the head of Portland Inlet in latitude 56 degrees, around the waters of the great archipelago Alexander at a distance not greater than ten marine leagues from the Continental shore to the 141st meridian west of Green- wich, and the straight line running thence to the Arctic Ocean on that meridian. Where this irregular line | meets the 141st meridian rises the great Mount Saint Elias, which is in latitude 60 degrees 17 minutes and 34.4 seconds, and longitude 140 degrees, 55 minutes and 19.6 seconds. This peak is about twenty-seven statute miles from the ocean shore. From a point on the 141st meridian and probably in nearly the same latitude as Mount Saint Elias, the boundary line runs true north to Demarcation Point on the Arctic shores, a distance of 660 statute miles. In this great distance the line crosses comparatively few large streams ; at 100 miles it crosses the head waters of the White River, a tributary of the Yukon, flowing to the north northwest ; at 205 miles an unnamed tributary of the White River. At the last distance on the boundary line the Yukon river lies forty miles to the eastward at a well-known bend and gorge known as the Upper Ram- parts. The river continues on a northerly course nearly parallel with the boundary line for seventy-five miles to old Port Reliance, near the Klondyke, and thence trends seventy-five miles to the northwest by north, where the boundary line crosses it at' 335 miles from Mount Saint Ellas. The boundary line next crosses a little-known river called the Bi^ Black, a tributary of the Ivower Porcupine, at 445 miles ; and the Porcupine River, one of the great tributaries of the Yukon, at 510 miles ; this is the last river of much size that I't crosses. As it runs northward it crosses the upper waters of the Old Crow (14) ID ALASKA t Be the ween iue between ending from 56 degrees, Alexander at aes from the st of Green- ice to the rregular line VIount Saint itesand 34.4 tea and 19.6 tatute miles probably in t Julias, the on Point on Lies. mparatively head waters I, flowing to ed tributary le boundary istward at a rpper Ram- •urse nearly ive miles to ence trends , where the :ount Saint ttle-known the lyower River, one Miles; this As it runs Old Crow iver, which heads in Turner's Pass of theDavidson Range; rosses this great range at 595 miles, where the elevation ras estimated by Turner to be 7,000 feet ; and at 660 lies reaches Demarcation Point on the Arctic shore, bout 150 miles west northwest from the delta of the lackenzie River in Canada. This boundary line traverses an almost unknown ountry ; it passes over mountain ranges, reaching 0,000 feet elevation ; and the country is utterly irapass- ble for the first 100 miles north of the Saint BHas Range. he longest stretches of reconnaissance on the line were ade by young John H. Turner of the Coast and eodetic Survey from Camp Colonna on the Porcupine, hich is sixty miles north of the Arctic circle. With hree aids and dog teams he crossed the hitherto nknown Davidson Range at the pass named after him- elf at an elevation of 3,500 feet, encountering one lizzard when the temperature was 50 or 60 degrees below ero. His second trip was forty miles south of his camp, oward his colleague, John E. McGrath at Camp David- on on the Yukon. He thus reconnoitred 200 miles of he boundary line, through a country never before raversed by a white man, and in his zeal contracted a hronic disease, which carried him oflF two;, ^rs after his eturn home. Where the Yukon crosses the boundary line its course, hich is northwest by north from Fort Reliance, con- inues in a general direction to tho northwest for two undred and thirty-five miles to the deserted Fort Yukon t the mouth of the Porcupine. All that part of the ukon River to the eastward of the 141st meridian, and 11 its principal tributaries, come from the southeastward; he principal river under different names reaching within few miles of the head waters of the Stahk-een. The ead waters of the main tributary, the Lewis River, reach nto Alaskan territory at the White Pass, the Chilcoot ass and the Chilkaht Pass, just north of lyynn canal. The geographical position of Fort Reliance, an old station of the Hudson Bay Company, on the right bank of the river, is latitude 64 degrees 13 minutes, longitude 138 degrees 50 minutes, or fifty statute miles east of the boundary line of 141 degrees. The stream named Klon- dyke Creek enters the Yukon about six or eight miles (15) •■-T? mmsm higher up than Fort Reliance and on the same aide of the river. So far as known it conies from the east-north east for about one hundred miles, and is reported nav- igable by canoes for forty or fifty miles from its mouth Whatever doubt has been cast upon the position of the whole Klondyke district being in British Columbia thust have arisen from misunderstanding of the dispute existing u{)on the proper location of that part of the boundary line lying eastward and southward of Mount Saint Elias. The north or meridian line of the bound ary has been accurately determined at three points- near Mount Saint Blias, at the crossing of the Yukon River and at the crossing of the Porcupine river. Th determination at the southern end was made in 1892 by John E. McGrath and John H. Turner of the U. S. Coast Geodetic Survey, in combination with a Hydrographic f)arty, which carried chronometers for the difference of ongitude between Sitka and Yakutat. At Sitka was Fremont Morse of the Coast Survey. At the Yukon River Mr. McGrath and party spent two years at Camp Davidson, twenty-three miles below Forty Mile Creek, observing meridian transits of the moon and occultations of stars by the moon, for longitude. His observatory being a little distance off the 141st meridian he measured to that meridian and marked it. Mr. Ogilvie, on behalf of the Canadian Government, also observed for the Ion gitude at another and independent point, and then measured to the 141st meridian. The latest information places the two independent determinations of this mendianal boundry line within the width of a San Francisco j>avement. So there can not be the remotest possibili' of any^ friction between the two Governments upon this question. We know the strong and high character of Mr. McGrath, and Mr Ogilvie has a reputation of the highest character. Th only local dispute that could possmly arise would be ii the Forty Mile creek district, because the boundsury lin crosses sharp steep mountain ridges 2,500 and 3,000 fee elevation, an inferior instrumental means might cause slight doubt of the direction in some case. However, n dispute has arisen in. the district, nor is it likely that an will occur. There is no doubt that the lien has bee satii^actorily laid down by Mr. Ogilvie or some of hi assistants. (16) B( Y/ Yu : T^ GEO. W. KNEASS BUILDER OF ALL KINDS OF ) indepeudent] ry line withii So there can-i ction between! We know th( rath, and Mr.f laracter. The i would be It boundary line and 3,000 feet might cause a| However, n< ikely that an] ien has beet r some of hie OATS 1^ LAUNCHES ....BOTH OF WOOD AND IRON.... 718 Third STrE;t.T SAN FRANCISCO YARD, COR. ILUNOit AND SOLANO 8T8.. POTRERO ukon and Klondyke Boats FROM 18 TO 30 FEET IN LENGTH BUILT ON ONE DAY'S NOTICE CALL AND SEE THEM AND GET PRICES [Twenty Boats now under Construction Two boats for Pond Lathan and Fairbanks. The following having boats built : Miller H. B. V^itcher, J. W. I^ogan, Lamb & Miller, Chas. Beso & Co., Chas. Prince, C. N. Pring, J. S. Johnstone, and seven more. 0) 0) L. -M t/) CO mm >, c 2 ^ H ^ OJ 10 a a ■o CO c ^ c« o u CO V3 mmm s »\ a. 0) In quitting the subject, the longitude station of Mr. burner mi&y be referred to. After obtaining a series of itisfactory results he made a topographical reconnais- |auce of the Porcupine to its mouth, a distance of one Lundred and forty miles as the crow flies. SOURCE OF THE GOLD. 'he Opinion of Professor Charles Frederick Wright. Nbw York.— Charles Frederick Wright, Professor Oeology at Oberlin College, author of "Man in the rlacial Pctiod," and other works on geology, says of the jold discovery on the Yukon: " The discovery of gold in large quantities on the Tukon River is by no means unexpected. Kleven years igo the last word I heard as I left Juneau was the pledge a returning tourist to meet his friend the next sum- ler and prospect in the Yukon region. "The great mass of gold-bearing quartz at the Tread- rell Mine, near Juneau, Wci« what might be expected, md at the same time it might prove the limitations of ^upply. For more than ten years that mine has fur- lished more than a million dollars of gold annually, but is not like ordinary quartz mines. It is rathci a great, Isolated rnasi? of quartz with gold disseminated through \t. While its worth is great, its length is limited. "Ivittle is known about the geology of the Yukon Liver, whert^ the Klondyke mines have been found. Jeing placer mtnes, gold may have been transported lany miles. The means of transportation are both jlaciers and rivers. The Klondyke , region is on the lorth side of the Saint Elias Alps. Alaska was never com- )letely covered with glacial ice. The glkciers flowed )oth north and south from these summits. Dawson and 'rofessor Russell both report well-defined terminal loraines across the upper Yukon Valley. The source )f the Klondyke gold, therefore, is from the south. "Placer mines originate in the disintegration of ^old-beaving quartz veins, or mass, like that at Juneau. Tnder subaerial agencies these become dissolved. Then (17) he glaciers transport material as far as they go, whei floods of water carry it ou still further. Gold, beind^ heavier than the other materials associated with itl lodged in the crevasses or in the rough places at bottot of streams. Nature has stamped and ' panned ' thd gravel, and prepared the way for man to finish thi work. The amount of gold found in the placer mines i| evidence, not so much, perhaps, of a very rich vein as oj the disintegration of a very large vein. ♦' The ' mother lode ' has been looked for in vain u California, and, perhaps, will be in Alaska; but it exist somewhere up the streams on which placer mii\es arJ found. The discovery of gold in glacial deposits faj away from its native place is familiar to Americai geologists. The general climatic conditions on the north side of the mountains are much better than those on the south side. On the south side the snowfall iii enormous, bp* on the north side the air is dryer., Thera is iminent c ^nger that many will get in there before] winter with insufficient means and starve. "An English missionary and his wife have be«n that general region for many years, and report the people as being so near the verge of starvation that thej do not dare to winter in the same village, lest thej should produce a famine. So they live in separate villages during winter. Eventually the reindeer whicl Sheldon Jackson is introducing into the lower Yukon! region will be available both for transportation and| food, being much superior to dogs in that they can pre cure their own food. For thfi present every necessityl must be packed either over the Chilcoot Pass or broughtj around by. way of the Yukon." THE OUTFIT A PROSPECTOR NEEDS. Estimate by Thomas Cook, the Veteran Miner, of thelwei Food and Clothes Required. ll.Bl SUPPI^lKS. 600 pounds Flour $ 12 5(1 100 " Oatmeal 6 ^ 100 " Beans 2 Sfi (18) ^^7 gOf wheij Gold, beinj ated with ices at bottoi panned ' to finish thJ lacer mines il rich vein as o| i: for in vain i but it exis cer mikies an^ depOtolts fa: to Americat tions on the ter than those le snowfall ii dryer. Then 1 there before have been in id report the ition that they age, lest they 'e in separate eindeer which lower Yukon portation and they can prO' very necessity] ass or brought 24 24 100 100 50 100 25 5 5 50 30 25 20 50 2 pounds Coffee at 30 cents $ 7 20 •' Tea at 50 cents 12 00 Bacon at 14 cents 14 00 Dried Potatoes at 5 c^nts . 5 00 Dried Veget&bles at 5 cents 2 50 Dried Fruits at 6 cents 6 00 (2 cases) Condensed Milk 2 50 Baking Powder 2 ''O Salt and Pepper 1 00 Canned Butter at 25 cents 12 50 lyard at 10 cents 3 00 Rice at 5 cents 1 25 Tools 15 00 Stove and Cooking Utei3sili 10 00 Matches and Miscellany 1 50 ((' << u <( << (« (I It It {< 1,310 pounds. Total supplies, OUTIflT. .$116 80 4EEDS. Three suits woolen underclothes $ Three woolen overshirts Two pairs overalls Six pairs woolen stockings Two pairs blankets One fox-skin robe One reindeer " parkee," covering head and reach- ing to the knees t . . Three Paris caribou mittens Two fur caps Two pairs rubber boots Three pairs moccasins One pair " mucklucks *' One woolen '* Mackinaw," a sort of woolen sweater Two sweaters (extra thick) 12 00 6 00 2 00 6 00 16 00 50 00 12 00 6 00 8 00 7 9 5 00 00 00 10 00 8 00 Miner, of thejweight 120 pounds. Total outfit $157 00 1,310 pounds of supplies. ; 116 80 .$ 12 ofl . 6 . 2 8£ Grand total, 1,430 pounds $273 80 Mr. Cook drew attention to the fact that the miner should follow the biblical instruction and put money in (19) rr it *- Mil ii «v!iu.i!iv.i|yJ.ii..)ii.w^!^pnfiMppntpMP|||ipi|pp his purse. Many small articles will be needed at Dawsot City, and if the prospector goes by way of Juneau ther^ are guides to pay and a sled and dogs to hire. Some o| the clothes will last longer than a year, but the quantitj fit for service at the end of that time will be ven limited. THE OUTFIT A WOMAN SHOULD TAKE NORTH. One Who Has Roughed It in the Klondyke Makes! Out a List of Necessary Articles. Here is what a woman who has roughed it on the! Klondyke says a woman actually needs in the way of an! outfit — presupposing, of course, that she goes the only! way a woman should go with a man who takes th«| necessary camping, housekeeping and food outfit. Thi{ is what she requires for her personal comfort: TO TAKK WITH HER. One medicine case filled on the advice of a gooc physician. Two pairs of extra heavy all-wool blankets. One small pillow. One fur robe. One warm shawl. One fur coat, easy fitting. Three warm, woolen dresses, with comfortable bodices and skirts knee length — flannel-lined preferable. Three pairs of knickers or bloomers to match th^ dresses. Three suits of heavy all-wool underwear. Three warm flannel night-dresses. Four pairs of knitted woolen stockings. One pair of rubber boots. Three gingb am aprons that reach from neck to kneesJ Small roll of flannel for insoles, wrapping the feet,j and bandages. A sewing kit. Such toilet articles as are absolutely necessary, includ-| ing some skin unguent to protect the face from the icj cold. (20) ■pj^!f"f" I iJ^.W.,-lJ^!i,»W! !".',; %l Supply of EDICINES UE NORTH. Is absolutely essential for every one joing to Alaska. Besides the usual remedies suitable for emergencies*, there are none so idapted to the special climatic conditions as [omceopathic Medicines. ^e have put up a special **KLONDYKE CASE" dth full directions, containing remedies for ivery possible emergency and ailment. All sorts of Pocket Cases and Chests in every rariety furnished, with books of instruction en- ibling every one to doctor himself. BOERICKE & RUNYON IHOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACY 231 SUTTER ST.. 8AN FRANCISCO OLDEST ESTABLISHMENT ON THE PACIFIC COAST mBmmeamm Two light blousers or shirtwaists for summer wear. One oilskin blanket to wrap her efifects in. TO BH Sl^CURlSD AT JUNljAU OR ST. MICHAi^IyS. One far cap. Two pairs of fur gloves. Two pairs of fur seal moccasins. Two pairs of muclucs — wet weather moccasins. She wears what she pleases en route to Juneau or St. Michaels, and when she makes her start for the dig- gings she lays aside her civilized traveling garb, includ- ing shoes and stays, until she comes out. Instead of carrying the fur robe, fur coat, and rubber boots along, she can get them on entering Alaska, but the experienced ones say take them alone. The natives make a fur coat with hood attached called a "parki," but* it is clumsy ^or a white woman to wear who has been accustomed to fitted garments. lyeggings and shoes are not so safe nor desirable as the moccasins. A trunk is not the thing to transport baggage in. It is much better in a pack, with the oilskin cover well tied on. Th6 things to add chat are useful, but not absolutely necessary, are choice tea, coffee, cocoa, and the smaller, lighter luxuries of civilization that purse permits and appetite craves. It costs just as much for portage on reading matter as on the other necessities of life, and consequently after making out a list of what you'd like to have, it is wise to cut it down to what you can't pos- sibly struggle along without. It's astonishing how little people can comfortably get along with when they try. DISTANCES OF THE LAND AND WATER ROUTE. ' THU OCIRAN ROUTE. mUcs. To St. Michaels 2,850 To Circle City 4,350 To Forty-Mile 4,600 To Kloudyke 4,650 (22) mer wear, n. basins, uneau or St. for the dig- garb, includ- Instead of •ubber boots iska, but the The natives da *' parki," juneau to foot cf I^ake Le Barge. meter goes as low as degrees below zero. There is a great variety of berries to be found alll through the country in summer. Game is very scarce. Vegetables of the hardier sort can be raised. Stock can be kept by using care in providing abund-l autly with feed by ensilage, or curing natural grass hayj and by housing them in the winter. In summer abundance of fine grass can be found nearj the rivers. In appearance the natives are like the North Ameri- can Indians, only more lithe and active, with very small feet and hands. They live in temporary camps both winrer and sum- (24) ^^UMtflUki lort time onb ler, either in the mountains or on the river, according the habits of the game they are hunting. Gold was first discovered in the vicinity of Sitka by ^rank Mahoney, Edward Doyle, and William Dunlay, 1873. Of the seven trading stations in the Yukon district, fve are located upon the river bank. The first American traders to engage in the Yukon rade were members of the Western Union Telegraph expedition. With the first breath of spring the up-river people kepare for their annual meeting with their friends from (he outside world. \ Supplies are purchased chiefly in California, and car- Hed from here to St. Michaels. The Yukon is navigable for a 250-ton steamer for a listance of 1600 miles. At a distance of 600 miles from the ocean the Yukon Liver is more than a mile wide. The Klondyke mining region is in the latitude of Ice- land and lower Greenland. The longitude of St. Michaels is farther west than that of Honolulu. THE POOR MAN'S ROUTE. be found nearl ncer and sum- H. Wittenberg, manager of the Portland Cracker Company, who is well acquainted with Alaska, said yesterday that the poor man's route to the mines is via Seattle. By the Alaska Commercial Company's route a person fs saved much bother, Mr. Wittenberg said, as he is taken to St. Michaels on the steamer from San Fran- nsco, and is then carried on flat-bottomed boats on the river for 1900 miles to his destination; but this route is lore costly. The necessary outfit cannot be purchased mtil Alaska is reached, and the fare is more than a per- [son can get to Alaska for on the other route via Seattle, Juneau and Dyea. The journey is a hard one on the latter route, but hundreds of dollars can be saved on the [passage and the outfit, he said. On this route at least ||500 is needed to start out with. (26) As to clothing, Mr. Wittenberg stated that gooc flannel underwear and heavy winter clothing are all thaj are needed to keep warm in Alaska, even when the thermometer is 75 degrees below zero. Many people dc not close the windows of their rude houses when the cold is most severe. Furs are not necessary. Rubbei boots are needed only when washing in the digging] The summer months, when the thermometer goes uj to 85 degrees, are uncomfortable. In summer, the sun rises early and sets late, anc there are only a few hours when it is not shining directly on Alaska. During these hours, which are one and a half or two hours on each side of midnight, there is twilight. In winter the conditions as to light anc darkness are reversed, the sun shining for a short time| only each day. THE STORY OF ONE MINER. Great Fai,i,s (Mont.), July 23d.— Frank Moss, at old-time miner in this section, who, four years ago, was one of a party of Americans to first visit the Klondyk^ country, returned to-day, and tells a story of horror anc starvation. He describes Klondyke as a placer camp] seven miles long and thirteen miles* wide, located in sink, walled in by boulders of rock 3000 feet high! Gold, he says, abounds, but no ordinary man can stand the hardships of the region. When Moss left here four year^ ago he was a sturdy fellow, over six feet tall. Froi hardship an 1 privation he is a cripple for life and badl] broken m health. In three years he says he saw ovex two thousand graves made in the Klondyke basin, large majority dying from starvation. The steamship companies bring in all food and allow| no private companies. Consequently it is common for them to go for weeks with but a scant supply, and foi days they were without food. The gold brought in the| last week to Seattle, Moss says, does not represent the findings of individual shippers, but a large portion of i^ was confiscated from the effects of the 2(X)0 miners whc fell a prey to the hardships. At the death of a man pos^ sessed of dust his body is buried without a coffin and the (26) rank Moss, at years ago, was lust divided among those who care for him. With [roper relief established by the government, Moss lys, gold can be taken out at the rate of $2,000,000 a lonth. The richest strike, he says, has been made by a boy iamed George Hornblower of Indianapolis. In the [eart of a barren waste, known as Boulder Field-, he )und a nugget, for which the transportation company [ave him |5700. He located his claim at the find, and in )ur months had taken out over $100,000. The richest section of Alaska, Moss says, is as yet Undeveloped. It is one hundred miles from Klondyke, ind is known as the Black Hole of Calcutta. It is in- labited by ex-convicts of Bohemia, and murders and [lots take the place of law and order. A few months ago [londyke organized a justice committee, and its law )revails there now. With the crowds preparing to go to the scene now. Moss |ays, hunger and suffering will be great when added to )ther hardships to be overcome by those who survive. [qss returned with $6000 in dust and leaves to-morrow tor his old home at Dubuque, la. WARNED NOT TO RUSH. Naw York, July f^d.— Frederick Hobart, editor o [he Engineering and Mining Journal^ said: '* It would )e extremely foolish for any one to start from New York [or Klondyke at this season, because he cannot get there [n time to do anything this year. It is difficult, too, to yet transportation. The Alaskan lines are not prepared to carry many passengers. It is easy enough to engage steamers and get to the coast, but the difficulty is to get from the coast inland. Much of the last portion of the journey must be made on foot. If you go by the Juneau route it is necessary to walk over the mountains and then build a boat. The Yukon River is only navigable luring three months of the year. It would be well for Ithose who do not know the country to learn more about \i before starting for the gold fields." I^. Allen, associate editor of the Engineering Maga- nne^ said: "Naturally I have given a good deal of (27) attention to reports from the new gold fields. I havd no doubt there is a lot of gold there. I know of verj few men who are preparing to leave this city for the ^olc fields. It would be folly for them to do so at this time] anyway, as it is too latt to accomplish anything thi^ year.' »i SOMETHING NEW. The Steamers Do Not Go Within Three iHiies oi St. Miohaeis. The first-class passengers going on the Cleveland are charged |7.50 and the second-class passengers are charged $4 to Seattle. Nearly all berths are taken. When the Cleveland and the' Excelsior, too, for that matter, eventually reach the mouth of the Yukon, she must cast anchor at least three miles from St. Michaels, owing to the shallow water and rocky coast. All passen- gers and supplies must be placed on lighters and towed to St. Michaels, if the river boats are not in waiting when the steamers arrive. If the river boats are at St. Michaels upon the arrival of the steamers, they will meet the lai Jtc^ vessels, and the transfer will be made without th^ -iiAC m where it by Smelting j d from those I or $1,000,0001 not yet been n about the 3 been made leie. What jsaying, the 8 settle no e generally easi. $VJ an t to reopen by Smelting 1 — that they !s the Mint, srprise, and the follow- in an inter- that seej 18 to have governed the price up there in trad- ing. Tl le gold from El Dorado Creek varies from |14.75 to abou' $16, the most valuable coming, it seems, from the upperportions of the creek, three miles above the mouth. That reported to come from the lower part is about 750 fine, carrying about one-fourth silver. " Bonanza Creek dust is better and is about like some of the lower grade California dust. The bulk of the California gold coming from the regions of the mother lode and the northern part of the State runs from $17.50 to $19 an ounce, bearing from one-tenth to one-eighth silver. Any quantity of it runs $18 and $18.50 an ounce. ' ' In Kern and Fresno Counties and some other sec- tions of the State, the silver brings it down to $12 or $13 an ounce. The best Bonanza Creek dust brought in to us is worth as it is $17 an ounce. Heie is a sample statement of a deposit of Klondyke gold: Net value, fl5.50 per ounce; weight before melting, 2015.70 ounces; weight after melting, 1960.70 ounces; finenes.^ 767^; value of gold, $31,107.68; value of silver, $258.22; charges, $120.75; net value, $31,240.15. •* It is the popular idea that we buj' gold. We buy nothing. We pay the actual value of the bar less the regular charges of 6 cents an ounce for refining and the alloy charge of .01 of 1 per cent, or $1 on $10,000. These are the same as the Mint charges on unrefined goldc When gold is deposited with us we receive it, melt ft into a bar, chip from the bar and assay. W snow up to your neck to find branches v . make a bed; and then comes the hunt for a ' fire wood. Dinner is cooke:! on a small stove. " Well, next mornitig v^s ^ veiled for Dyea Canyon, ten miles off, and did f.a' fiim ' d-pulling. The little oat in tbe wh^^h to ; i.rtc for saeet-iron (S2) J Jostna Bendy MacMne Works [INOORF>ORA.TEJID] -f Works, Corners BAY, K::ARNY and FRANCISCO STS. Principal'Oflice, No. 42 FREMONT STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Manufacturers of and Dealers in Boilers, Eflpes, Fnis an^i MacliiDiiry OF EVERY DESCRIPTION LIGHT AND HEAVY CASTINGS -SPBCIAI^TIES OF- IY7>RAUI,IC MINING, QUARTZ AND SAWMII.I, MACHIN- BRY, HYDRAU^.i. GRAVIJI, ;jI,KVATORS, HYDRA UI^IC GIANTS, "CKA. ^ JCH" OK'^ FEEDERS, "TRIUMPH" AND " HFNDY-NORBCM " OR'i CONCENTRATORS. Agents for the sale of "Bates Corliss" Engines, ["Russell" Automatic Engines, "Excelsior" Boilers and Ingines, "Erie Engine Works" Boilers and Engines, Jand-Saw Mills, Rotary and Centrifugal Pumps, Juffalo Duplex Steam Pumps, "Reeves" Wood Split :'ulleys, Machinists' Tools of all styles for all work. Catalogues and Prices rurnished Upon Application • pOlS pamphlets worked off by the enterprising merchants of I Juneieiu will tell you that you ca*i pull from 600 to 800 1 pounds. That is just a plain lie. I had on 300 pounds] and nearly worked myself to death. If you want to get] an idea of what sled-pulling is like, just get a large toj express wagon, take it out to the Cliff House, load it with 300 pounds of rocks and pull it about t«^r miles along the edge of the surf in about eight inches of] water; or, better still, get a job of pulling that old Bush- street car up and down the ramshackle track twice a day." DOGS HAV« SOME DRAWBACKS. " There are many hundred dogs on the trail, and it is remarkable now much even a scrub dog will pull. Butj they are a great nuisance, and, in the end, I think thej eat as much as they pull. Many of the teams are odd in j make-up. There will be a little dog and a big man; two dogs and a man; two men and a dog; big dogs and] little dogs; everything from an Kskimo to a greyhound,] or even a poodle — all pulling for all they know how, orj being beaten for not doing so, until the yelping and] howling of dogs and the cursing of men is heard all] alo^g the lint of march. *' Always keep an eye on the 'grub,' especially the] bacon; for the dogs are like so many ravening wolves,} and it is not considered just the proper thing to be left] without anything to eat in this frost-bitten land. At] night it is necessary to tie the sacks of bacon in the] trees or build high trestles for them. " But to the trip. The second day we went up Dyeil Canyon. It is only three miles long, but seems full! thirty. This is true of all distances in this countryj About one hundred pounds is about all a man wants to] pull up this canyon, as the way is steep and the ice slip-j pery. So camps must be made short distances apart, asi you have to go over the trail several tiires in bringing] up your out^ Remember, an ordinary outfit weigb] from 500 to 8uo pounds, and some of them much more.f " But the summit of Chilcoot Pass! That's the ;>i»mj that puts the yellow fear into many a man's heart. Some] took one look at it, sold their outfits for what they would] bring, and turned back. This pass is over the ridj (34) <\m • •••"••••• • * EXTRAORDINARY BARGAINS IN ^—Diamonds AND... AND OTHER PRECIOUS ST0NE5 FINE Jewelry CAN BB HAD ALWAYS AT NAT RAPHAEL FIRST FLOOR. ROOM C. 126 KEARNY STREET THURLOW BLOCK Highest Cash Price Paid for Diamonds, Precious Stones anJ Old Qold. PON'T FORGET NAT RAPHAEL BErORE PURCHASING Ef.SEWHERE ******* * * * * EXTRAORDINARY BARGAINS IN ---Diamonds AND... AND OTHER PRECIOUS STONES FINE Jewelry CAN BB HAD ALWAYS AT NAT RAPHAEL 126 KEARMY STREET THURLOW BLOCK FIRST FLOOR, ROOM C. Iirliich skirts the coast. It is only about 1200 feet from base to top, but it is almost straight up and down — a sheer steep of snow and ice." DANG:eRS OF CHII,COOT PASS* " There is a blizzard blowing there most of the time, and when it is at its height no man may cross. For days at a time the summit is impassable. An enterprising man named Bums has rigged a windlass and a cable there, and with this he hoists up some freight p.t a cent a pound. The rest is ported over on the backs of Indians. *' We were detained ten days awaiting our turn to have our outfits carried over and for favoring weather. The miserable roosting place was called ' Sheep Camp,' so called, I think, because no animal except one with a brain like a sheep would ever consent to be seen there. The wind howled continually and the snow fell most of the time, and we had to use much force in persuading our tent to stay with us. "But at last came a fair day, and with the aid of twelve Indians we lugged our outfit to the summit. We began work at five in the morning and had everything on top by noon. In this we were very lucky, as : jany have been many days doing the same thing. •* Once on top we had before us a down-shoot of a quarter of a mile at an angle of say forty-five degrees. All we had to do was to pack everything on the two sleds, turn them loose, and put our trust in the Lord. An instant of fiying snow, and our sleds shot out on the frozen surface of Crater Lake. Others were not so for- tunate. Many sleds upset or ran oflF the track, and were buried many feet deep in the snow. '* On Crater Lake we loaded just our camp outfit on one sled and * cached ' the other with the rest of our equipage. We then started, double team, down the fif- teen miles to Lake Linderman and the timber line While this was mostly down grade w.e found many up- hill pulls; so it was after dark before we made camp on the edge of the lake, and you never saw two more tired or more broken down adventurers in all your life. You who sit in the club behind clinking glasses have no idea what the word * tired ' means. (36) REVOLVERS, RIFLES KNIVES ARCTIC CLOTHING CARRYING BAGS PACK STRAPS WATERPROOF BLANKETS X 416 Market Street, Beiow sansome. San Francisco "We rested the next day — a regular Mizner rest cure — and on the following morning at two o'clock started ^"k :|| back to Crater Lake peeps in about two dark till ten at night." after our cached sled. Daylight m the morning now, and it is not I^OST IN A SNt>WSTORM. "After going about three miles up a dark canyon, a whirling snowstorm struck us. But having risen at such an unconscionable hour we would not turn back. Our pride was near the end of us. I hope I may never ex- perience such another day. The air was so filled with snow that at times it was impossible to see ten feet. It was all we could do to keep our feet against the wind which howled down the mountain. My beard became a mass of ice. The trail was soon obliterated and we were lost. But we stumbled on and by a rare chance we came upon the handle of a shovel which marked our cache. " There was nothing to do but fight our way back to camp. The storm did not abate in the slightest. In fact, it raged for four long days. It was nearly dark when, with knocking knees, we got back to camp — more dead than alive. The next day ten men made up a party to go on the same trip, going back for their outfits. The day after that they were found huddled in a hole dug in a drift, eating raw bacon. "After another day of rest we put masts on our sleds, rigged sails and came across Lake lyinderman and over Lmderman portage. We are now camped on the head of Lake Bennett. Now, let me say, by way of parenthesis, that no one who has not the constitution of a horse should ever attempt this trip. It is enough to turn hair white. Many have turned back. It is only for stout hearts and strong frames. '• Here on Lake Bennett we have camped for the past two weeks. Camped about us are at least a hundred men, whip-sawing lumber and building their boats. With some help we have completed our boat. It is 22 feet long on the bottom and 30 feet over all, 24 inches beam on the bottom and 5 feet 6 inches extreme beam. Sbe was built from my own model, and is a beauty. " To-morrow morning we will put our boat on the two sleds, load our entire outfit in her, hoist sail and skim ( 38 ) TKE CELEBRATED Klondyke Knife The most useful knife in existence. Send for catalogue. ALSO CARRY A COMPLKTC LINE OF TRUNKS, VALISES GRIPS AND OUTINQ GOODS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION Will & Finck Co. 818-820 MARKET STREET SAN FRANCISCO CALIFORNIA down the lakes as far as the ice will hold. When the ice becomes too dangerous for travel we will camp and wait for it to break up and clear from the lakes. Then we will take to the boat and sail on." A I,ITTX^ BUSINESS-I<1KB JUSTICE. *' It is still a little over 500 miles from here to Klon- dyke. Fully 1500 men have landed at Dyea. They are scattered all along the trail, many ahead of us, many more behind. Hundreds have given up all desire for the gold of the Yukon and turned tail. There has been much stealing along the road. Some have been caught at it. These have been tried before miners' meetings, their goods taken from them and turned back on the trail, with instructions to get out of the country or be hanged. None have stopped for the hanging, but if the thieving does not stop some thieves will surely stretch hemp. All are working like beavers. "Every one is mad with the desire for gold. As all must wait for the ice to break we will reach the Klon- dyke about the same time. TLctj things will jump." In a letter to another friend, dated Dawson City, June 19th, Mr. Mizner describes the remainder of his eventful journey, " the moving accidents by flood and field," his impressions of the camp and the mad rushes made whenever reports come in of new strikes. Inter- polated in this are paragraphs from a letter written by Mr. Mizoer from Forty -Mile to a member of his family and bearing date June 12th: " When I last wrote we were at I^ake Bennett preparing to take the ice as far as it would carry us, and then launch our boat. The trip was interesting, but very dangerous. We had a ple^^ant sail down Lake Bennett, Turkish I^ake, and Marsh I^ake, and down the Lewis River to the Great Canyon between Mud Lake and Lake le Borge. The first mile of the river narrows to about fifty yards, and the water rushes over immense rocks. Then It dashes into a box canyon only about sixty feet wide, with walls straight up and down, seventy-five or one hundred feet high. Here the water is lashed into the wildest disorder, the waves rolling ten feet high and the spray and foam flying in every direction. We went down ahead with the rest to look at the grand sight. (40) RUSS HOUSE SAN FRANCISCO 215 Montgomery Street IfNiro'^Bt.H >» CONTAINS 300 ROOMS CENTRALLY LOCATED f i; -TERMS- American Plan, $1.50, $2.00 and $2.50 per day. European Plan, 50 cents and $1.00 per day. THIRTY SU1TB5 OP ROOMS WITH BATH AND TOILET ATTACHED FREE COACH TO AND FROM HOTEL J. S. YOUNG, Proprietor m=^ Nearly every one packs around this cannon, letting the empty boat go through. But we determined this would take U8 too long and be too hard work. " So we tacked canvas over the bow of the boat and stripped down to fighting weight, minus coats, shirts, hats, and shoes. The crowd took to the banks to see how it waa done. With Wilson at the oars to steady her, I took the steering paddle and we made for the gorge. "The first mile we rushed along with a rapid swing and dashed into the box canyon. I think we then got going about a thousand miles an hour. In an instant the water was breaking all over us — over the bow, sides, and stem. The waves rolled at ^^ast ten feet high." A HAIR-RAISING HAI, VUTB. "It was all over in about thirty spcords. We were through in safety, but it was the most hair-raising thirty seconds I ever experienced. There was quite enough thrill in it for a lifetime. Over the terrifying roar of the water we could faintly hear the cheer put up by the undecided hundred or more who lined the cli£fs above us. Up came in ice-cold water against us in tubfuls. We were wet through. So was everything else in the boat, and the b«at itself half full of water. But we were soon baled and dried — and safe. ' ' From the canyon through the White Horse Rapids the shore was strewn with wreckage, and lots of wrecked boats were hanging on the sharp rocks. Many men were said to have been drowned, but with such a crowd on the rush it was impossible to gather any definite information. " Shortly after leaving Lake le Borge we came upon a party who had just rescued two young fellows from rocks in the middle of the rapids. We could not save any of their outfit or their demolished boat, and all they had went down the river with the rushing flood. One of the young men had had everything but his undershirt stripped from him by the mad swirl. We took him in charge and in time landed him at Klondyke in safety. ^ " We let our boat through the White Horpe Rapids with long ropes. Two days later we shot the Five Finger Rapids and the Rink Rapids M'ithout any trouble. It was quick going, but we passed without accident. (42) ATTENTION MINERSI W. W. Montague & Go MANUFACTURE RIVETED IRON PIPE For HYDRAUUC MINING, MII.LS, WATER WORKS AND POWER PI.ANTS DEALERS IN MINING SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS -AND- MINERS' OUTFITS 309 TO 317 MARKET STREET SAN KRANCISCO m IL m^ m > '* The latt four days of the trip we fixed up our stove in the boat and only went ashore twice for wood. The mosquitoes on the shore are numbered by the million, and fierce as bull terriers, but in the middle of the river they troubled us but little. " We reached Dawson at uhont three o'clock in the morr ing and found one of the liveliest mining camps I ever saw. There are about 4000 people here, and saloons, dance haUs, and restaurants never close. The f ambling tables are always crowded and thousands of oUars change hands in a remarkably short space of time. Men who this time last year did not have a dollar now count their wealth by the thousands. Nearly every- body has a sack of gold dtist with him as big as a police- man's club. " The sun sinks out of sight now about 10:30 p. m. , ard comes up about three a. "Vf. At midnight, howe er, it is almost as lij^ht as noonday. There is no nij ht. At Dawson ther.* is a little sawmill, and rough housius are going up in sll directions, but for the most part it m a city of tents. On the tjliore of the river arc. hundreds of boats, and others a^'e getting iu every day." RICHEST THE WOl'XD RVKR SAW. IS' ::■ •'The Klondyke has not been one particle overrated. I have seen gold measured cut b^; the bucketfiiL Just think of a miiu takiUjj JSCO out of one pan of dirt. Mrs. Wilson, wife of the Alaska Commercial Company's agent, panned $154 out of a sipgie pati in oue of the mines I am to take charge of, rhis is without doabt the richest goM strike the world ewer has knowa. There are hundreds of men who own claims valued at fiom ^0,000 *c ^«1,000,000. With all the new men in the country many miles of new ground will be prospeciCvi, and from the lay of the land I ihink other gold fields are certain to be located, "Of course every particle of rich ground has an owner, so the newcomer has to depe«d on new strikeso Every day rumors of new di3coveri«:i reach here, which at once start stampedes, hundreds nishiug out to stak« claims. This rushing out is awful work . You have to race through deep^ slushy swatn pp. and fight millions of mosquitoes, climbing mountains covered with ^;C)t1 motis And thick brush. (44) iii '^'S'V • rraf.ed, , Just Mrs. Baker & Hamilton Ht^rdware and Mining Supplies Blacksmith Supplies Portable Engines and Boilers SAN FRANCISCO SACRAMENTO LOS ANGELES *' It is very hot in the middle of the day. Yesterday the thermometer was 97 degrees, and on top of it came a rumor that gold had been found on a creek 70 miles away. So at night the Alaska Commercial Company's steamer "Alice" started for the creek loaded to the guards with men and small boats. My duties kept me ere, but Wilson went out with the rush to put down his stakes. The gold is here, and the man who doesn't get some of it has himself to blame." Mr. Mirner has temporarily relieved Agent Wilson of the Alaska Commercial Company, and is working some claims on percentage while waiting for an opportunity to stake claims of his own. Wilson Mizner has a posi- tion which pa3rs him jf20 a day "and found." Both are determined to win fortune, and their prospects are bright. LIFE AT DAWSON. How It Is Desoribed by a Paper at Juneau. The following description of life at Dawson was clipped from the Alaska Miners published in Juneau, JiUy 10, 1897: "Dawson is not building as rapidly as one would think. The difficulty is in obtaining lumber. The poor- est kind of rough lumber sells at $130 a thousand. Slabs are 50 cents each, and sawdust 10 cents a sack. Harry Ash moved his dancing establishment from Circle City to Dawson. He has plenty of wet goods. The first night he opened he took in $2600. " The program consists of dancing and drinking. A miner dances with one of the fair ones, and after the dance he escorts her to the bar and buys her a drink and takes one himself. For this luxury he pays 60 cents a drink. Miners are generous, and one drink with them means many more, so that money, being very free, flows freely. It is said of McCormack, the discoverer of the Klondyke, that he spends $60 at a treat. Being quite a conspicuous character he attracts attention, and as he is very susceptible to flattery, it takes very little to induce him to buy drinks for every one who happens to be in the house at the time." (48) ^ THE Samuels Lace House Co CORj SUTTER AND GRANT AVEj SAN FRANCISCO LARGEST AND LIGHTEST DRY GOODS STORE ON THE COAST . RELIJIBLE GOODS LOWEST PRICES WHOI '-SALE AND RETAIL Special Supplies for otels, Steamsliips and Railroctds. looo Grey Blankets less thar mill price. 50 pieces Anti-rHeumatic Flannel. Navy Turkish Towels. oheeting. Dry Goods for Ladies', Gents' and Children's Uses. Imported &\nd Domestic. THE D. SAMUELS LACE HOUSE CO. m ''hi ' :':J| I' ^ i i ^ .' Ir^^ "111 HOW TO GO AND COME. Questions which interest prospectors particularly are how to get into the Klondyke and how to get out of it again. These queries are answered best by Thomas Cook, who has mined all over the Pacific C.iat. He said: gg|^ " The steamers which leave for St. Michaels Island now will enable passengers to gc right up the river and reach the Klondyke just before the winter closes in, unless it should freeze unusually early. Getting in by way of St. Michaels is all right now, but once in the mining district there will be no getting ovt that way before the spring. It is 1800 miles from the Klondyk'i to St. Michaels; atd as there are no roadside houses it would not be possible for a man to pack en a sled suffi- cient for himself, his guides and his dogs. The dogs need to be well fed, and up there feed costs a dollar a pound. "The only way into and out of the Klondyke in winter is by way of Juneau, over the sumiHit and across the lakes, a distance of about 700 miles. It has been done in less than a month, but for a tenderfoot it is well lo count upon one mopth at least. The wisest thing to do is to imitate the Indians in dress and habits. They know how to live and stand the cold. It is useless to wear leather o gum boots. Good moccasins are proper snow shoes an « absolutely necessary. I have made the trip myself, and I would not go without a good guide and strong, healthy dogs, with plenty of feed for them. "The only dangerous point is the crossing of the summit. When I went over the moon was shining and there was not a breath of air, but sometimes the winds are dreadful, and it is as much as a man's life is worth to try to cross. I never heard of a man losing his life there, but I have ' lown them to lie in their blankets under the snow tr j i ug to keep warm, and have their feet badly frost bitten. Sometimes those who want to cross the summit have to wait so long for fair weatlt'^r that they run out oi provisions and must turn back, but when the ice first sets, early in the spring, it is usually safe enough to cross. Once over the summit, which (48) F JC TEL FlYNN & 5HEEHAN -bailors- JUNCTION OF MARKET AND ELLIS ST5. noOMS 1 . 2 AND 3 TELEPHONE MAIN 6736 ENTRANCE — -"""'HMffi. 906 MARKET ST. i does not take more than a few hours to cross, it is easy going either way. "All the rest of the journey is pleasant enough. From the Klondyke to Lake Linderman is all down hill, and the colder it is the better the traveling, because the snow is not more than eighteen inches to two feet deep, and is as li^ht as feathers; furthermore, when it's very cold there is no wind, and it is the wind wbi;:|;L is hard to bear. " Indian guides are necessary to eo ahead of the dogs and to prepare the camp for the night. '^ WHY THEY RETURNED. As the first flush of excitement over the arrival of the lucky Klondyke miners subsides, peop^le are beginning to ask why so many deserted a field which was paying so well, and why many of them evince no desire to return at once to Dawson. The unanimity of purpose which prompted the miners to join together has caused some people to be skeptical and to ask if this is another Cook's Inlet scheme to induce a large volume of travel to the North, only to throw the travelers on their own resources in the matter of getting home ai^aiu. To solve some of these questions a number of miners were interviewed at the Russ House and the answers they give are appa. ently satisfactory. The men who have arrived in San Francisco and in Seattle represent a comparatively small proportion of the -population of the new town of Dawson and of the Klondyke workers. Con Stamatiu, one of the men who has made all the money he says he cares to possess, and has no thought of returning to the mines, stated that when he left Klon- dyke, Dawson City had a population of 1500, and the first boats to reach there when the ice broke up began to add to the dwellers in the mining town. " How is it that you came down at this time of the year instead of working all through summer when the days are long in the Northwest Territory ? " Mr. Stam- atiu was asked. " I worked on a ' lay ' and as soon as the sluicing was through there was nothing to keep me there/' he said. (50) Zbe... Zhxee jpavorftes EL TELEORAFO LA ROSA DE CASTELLANE JAMES LICK 1 5 tl ALSO DIRECT I M PO RT ER S F -"""""MMiuiHwuiiiiiii,, Henry Clay. H, Upmann, Traviata, Adelina Patti, U. S, Grant, Bock, Africana, Intimidad, Cassandra. m M. BLASKOWER & CO. 226 MONTGOMERY ST. AND- N, W. COR. KEARNY AND QCARY 8T8. "|I got my share and that was all I had to wait for. I went to the man who owned the claim and asked him to give me a ' lay ' and he said he would for half of the waste. Then my partner and I went to wprk while the owner worked for himse f on another part of the claim. I began work forty days before the water came, and my partner and I sluiced all the dirt in oitr dump in five days' time. There was $33,500 in the sluice boxes when we got through. The owner of the claim took $16,750 and my partner and I got $8,375 each. The man that owns the claim has got it still and we have no further interest in it." " How many of the men who came down failed to get anything?" * < None. All that came down made money. Some of them only got a few hundred dollars. Others made a great deal." *' How does it happen that you all came down to- gether?" " Those of us who had made money on a 'lay' wanted to get the coin, and those who had claims left their partners there and came down with their gold to bank it. Some of us were poor men and did not want so much and when we ^ot enough we were glad to leave. I came down to St. Michaels on the steamer 'Bella.' She and the 'Alice' came to Dawson as soon as the ice was broken. They were the two steamers which made the first trip down to St. Michaels. When we got there the 'Excelsior* and the 'Portland' were waiting. Those who wanted to come to San Francisco took the 'Excelsior' which left on a Wednesday, and the others who were going to Seattle took the * Portland.' There is another thing, too. Some of us preferred to bring down our own gold. The Alaska Com- mercial Company wanted the men to insure their pile, but I don't think any of them did. They stowed it in their staterooms and kept an eye on it. " "How is it that the news of the big strike did not reach here before now ? " " The first strike in the Klondyke was made toward the end of August. I don't remember the man's name, but he came down to Forty-Mile to register his claim, and we heard that he had taken out about $1200. A number of miners and prospectors went up from Forty- (62) JOHN TWIGG & SONS BOAT BUILDERS and SHIPWRIGHTS HIGH SPEED STEAM AND VAPOR LAUNCHES A SPECIALTY Malii Shop and Yards Illinois, near 5olano Street, 5an Francisco ST£AM AND VAPOB STERN WHEEL BOATS FOR MINING AND FISHING WORK Dories, Fishing, Whitehall, Hunting, Whaling and High-Class Commercial and Pleasure Boats of all descriptions made to order and constantly on hand. FIR5T-CLASS WORK OUR SPECIALTY I n F in nn M Mile to Dawson, and before they got there ererything was frozen tight. The men just staked their claims on luck, as yon might say . They went to work digging and piling up the dumps all winter, and did not know what they had until May, when the water begun to run. The longest time it takes to sluice the dump is about two weeks, and then they all knew what they had. Some were anxious to get down and cash in." •' Are many of the party who worked all winter still on the Klondyke? '* "Plenty of them stayed right there." " What do they do in the summer ? " "All summer, after the sluicing, the^ do ground washing, just as miners do in the placers in California. You can work all year on the Klondyke, but you can only wash when the water is running." REVENUES AND TRAFFIC. Ottawa, Juljjr 28th.— At the meeting of the Min- isters last evemng, Minister Patterson was authorized to send two more customs officers to the Alaskan boundary by the "Islander," which sails for the North to*morrow. The officers will be taken from the Victoria custom house and will be accompanied by a couple of provincial police. They will open stations as outports of Victoria beyond the head of the lyynn Canal, which is in disputed territory and at present in the possession of the United States, and at Lake Tagish. There is a collector at Fort Cudahy, only fifty miles from Dawson City, and these arrangements, backed by a strong force of police, are considered ample for the protection of revenue just now. The greatest question of all is one of communication. It is reported that a pack trail exists covering twenty of the eighty miles which separates the Klondyke from the first post to be established at sixty degrees of latitude in t\ndisputed British territory. If so, a narrow gauge railway cttn be built where there is a pack trail. The cost would not be great, and if cars could be hauled twice a day over the mountains facing the coast a tre- mendous obstacle would be overcome, because in winter it is impossible to cross t^ mountains except at the risk (54) KM GoOPEt^ & CO. Hrt Stationers ...anD Engravcts 746 MARKET ST. SAN FRANCISCO If. Oh I *"'** Klondyke! Remember you must have Snow Glasses or 3«)u go blind. No one can get along with- out them. Do you know where to go for your Snow Glasses ? Go to the • Standard Optical Company 217 KeariKr Street Now you have your Glasses:, you must have a Compass. Well, the Standard Optical Co, carry the most varied assortment of Com- passes, Snow Glasses and all kinds of Optical Appliances. We must repeat the number for you — 217 Kearny St, San Francisco, Cat, of life, and to be caught in a storm would be fatal. The mounted police force will be increased from twenty to one hundred. Thomas Pawcett will be continued at gold commissioner, and the regulations already adopted amended. A strong customs and police post will be estab- lished just north of the British Columbia aoundary beyond the head of the Lynn Canal at sixty degrees of latitude. Estimates will also be obtained of the cost of building a wagon road and of a narrow gauge rail - road to this post in the mountains, a distance of seventy or eighty miles, about forty of which is over mountains. This post, which will be where the Chilcoot aud White Passes converge, can command the southern entrances to the whole territory. Mounted police pos^« will be established here at distances of fifty milec &pt>rt up f:o Port Selkirk. These will be ii9ed to open a \.' a^er road over which monthly mails will be sent by dog trains. If possible a telegraph line will be constructed over the mountains from the head of I^ynn Car il to the first post. The consent of the authorities of the SJnitfcd States will be asked in diplomatic correspondence to a modus Vivendi^ under which Canada will have the right of way over the disputed territory from Ivynn Canal to the first mounted police post. No difficulty is anticipated in securing the right of way through this little piece of disputed territory the roads and telegraph would have to cross to reach the head of I^ynn Canal, although that territory is now in the possession of the United States. John Twigg & Son have, in course of construction, several light draft boats for the Yukon country. They make a specialty of river boats. ^ DOMINION LAWS. Notwithstanding the announcement from Atlanta that the Dominion Cabinet has decided to impose a royalty upon the precious metals unearthed in the Klondyke re- gion, the following dispatch has been received under a Vancouver (B. C.) date of Julj 27th: Hon. Clifford Sifton, Dominion Minister of the Inte- rior, has wired here that it is not the intention of the (66) Bel Bu 1 Subset Paid-I Profit Monti Ieriiect v/oikmanship dis- pla;ji-ed in the beautiful boafe-s he has built for the Life Saving SerTAce, Tltey are a lasting testimonial to the thoro'-ighnesK of his equipment and genius for boat- buildixAg, COI iw Wmemmt of ail hmMu. Smmih m OIL Fare m KUMjk© mu. WciMderfBl Mcdieiiiai Qualities In the AjTctic, froaseu region. Where t&e polar bear is king, There is lack of food aad clothing, But a joy doth one thing bring. 'Tis a brand of famous liquor Which is known the wid® world o'er; Miners stake their pile upon it— The ever popular Seme Moore. AI,2. 0¥£ll THE WOHXiB JESSE MOIiBE, HUNT CO., MANUFAOTURIfia iOUiSVfLLi:, HY. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. ^