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The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exempiaire film6 fut reproduit grice & la g6n6rosit6 de l'6tablissement prdteur suivant : La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour dtre reproduites en un seul ciichd sont filmies d partir de i'angle sup6rieure gauche, de gauche d droite et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Le diagramme suivant illustre la mdthode : 1 2 3 ♦ * 1 2 3 4 5 6 {CONFIDENT FA L.) HKPOUT ON IXDUSTHIAL SCHOOLS FOl! JNDIANS AND HALF-BREEDS. Ottawa, Ittli Mmdi, 187'.'. To the Kiglit Hoiioiii'iilile The .MiiiistiM' of the; lutei'ior. Silt, - 1 liiivc thi; honour to siiljiiiit the following rejiurt on tlic woikiiiy of Iatlastrinl Schools for tint oiJiu:i- tioii of linliiiiis 1111(1 nii.\e(l-l)loo(ls in the I'liitt'il States, mhJ oil the iulvisiibility of etHtahliHliiiigsiiiiihir institutions in tln' Noi'th-West Territories of the Dominion. Ill nix'oi-iiiince with your directions of the tweuty-ei;;ht!i of Jiinumv, I wi'iit, to Washington. His Excellency Sir Htlwanl 'I'hoi'nton, tlio Honourable Carl Schurtz, Secretai y of the Interioi-. ami the Honourable E, A. Hayt, the ('oiu niis.sioiu'r of liidiaii Attains, secured for ino every facility for becomiiiL; acijiiaintfd with the establislimenk, cost and l)iactical value of indiistiial schools among the Indian popuhitiiiiis iif the I'liiti'il States. 'llif industrial school is the principal feature of tin- policy kuDuii as tliiit of " ai;gre.ssive civilization." This policy was iiiaufi;itiattMl by President Grant in ISilO. But, as will be sicii. tlii> utility of industrial schools had long en- that tiinr I'ctii aiii;ily tested. Acting on the suggestion of the rresident. Congri'ss jiasseil a law early in 18G9, provid- ing fur the apimiiitnieut of the Peace Coniinission. This Coiiiinission recoinniended that the Indians should, as far us piaiti( :d'lc. Ih' (Miisolichvted on tew reservations, and pro- sided with •• pirniaiient indiviilual homes " ; that the tribal relation slioul I Ije abolished ; that lands slio.ild be allotted insoverali\ .iiid not in eouiniou ; that the Indian should speedily become u citizen of the United States, enjoy the prntectiou of the law, and be made amenable thereto ; th.it, linally, it was the duty of tile Governiiient to alford the [ndi.iiis all reasdimble aid in their pre))aration for citizen- ship by educating them in industry and in the arts of civiliz:ition. After eight years' experience of the partial c-aiiyiug out of tliese recommendations, the Board pressed for a still moie thorough jiolicy ; tliey urged, among other ibings, Ihal titles to land sli(aillished is pei-sistent and earnest to have the want supplii'd. m (^\^ AX069 2 i The experience of the United States is the siinie as our own as far as tlie aihilt Iniliun is concci'iied. Litth? can lio ilouo with him. He can lie tauglit to do a little at fanning, and at st(jck raising, and to dress in ii more civilized niannci', Imt that is all. The child, again, who goes to a day school learns little, and what little he learns is soon forgot- ten, wliile his tastes are fashioned at home, and his inherited aversion to toil is in no way conil)ated. There are two ways of conducting the industrial hoarding schools. In the one, the (Tovernment carries on the school through the Agency ; in the other, l>y contract. A conti'act is madf, for instmce, with the Kpiscopal Church authorities, or the Roman ('athol-c (?hurch authorities, or with the authorities of any other hfxly o( Christians, to cari'y on an industrial hoarding school among the Indians. One hundred and twenty-five dollars a year is j)aid for each pnjiil hoarder, when tlie attendance at the .school does not exceed thirty ; in larger schools, one hundred dollars ; and even less when the school is of con- aide/able size. The Honourahle the Conimis.sioner of Indian Atl'iiirs is not in favour of the contract system, lie- catise the children at schools under contract do not, as a rule, get a surticient i|uantity of food. The contractor, in addition to sujiplying the food, prepares the clothing, the raw material of which is found by the Oovernment. The Coniiiiissionei' was emphatic in his testimony as to the liappy results which had attended the industiial schools wherever established. E.xperience has demonstrated that it is better to have the dormitory separated from tint school. The school is now, therefore, always erected about ten rods from the dormitory. Thus the childrcTi are ke]it from spoiling the building. The accomiianying ])lan (A])[iendix A, Nos. 1 it 2), is a design for one of the schools of the cheapest kind. The cost ot erecting such a structure does not exceed .'?1,0()0. In Canada, where, as a rule, we have iilenty ot timber, a build- ing of the same class could be erected for ei^ lit hundred dol- lais or tl ereabouts. At the industrial school, in addi- tion to the elements of an English education, the lioys are instructed in cuttle-raisuig and agriculture ; the girls in sewing, breadmaking, and other employments suitable for a farmer's wife. In the ease of the boys, agriculture is prin- cipally aimed at. cattle-raising requiring but tew hands. Very many of the schools raise herds of cattle. Thus, at the Cheyenne and Arapho Agency there is a huge herd belong- ing to the school. The stock, which is constantly increasing in number and vahie, is as follows ; — Vafue. On hand in 1877, 211 head ot all kinds $l,t<82 00 On hand in 1S78, ;5r>9 head... 3, .'5.32 00 Increa.se of 148 head $1,450 00 Derived as follows : — By increase in value by growth $.500 00 « " stock, 100 calves 500 00 8 JJy tloniitioiiH 142 00 " «'ariiiiij{s of scliool unci mile of pork 442 00 " value of jionies Ironght 110 00 Total «l,()l)4 <»0 Lens C lifiiil ilieil iiikI 10 turned over to boys leiiviiii{ sfliool 224 GO .? 1,470 00 Of llie '^■)'.) lit'iul of stock of uli kiinlH, 53 liead belong to individual school children. The halance is common ))ro- ]ierty. It is contidently px|)ect('d that tliis school will be Helf-su])i)orting in a few years. It is obvious tliat with siu'h a stock, the yearly increase must be considerable, with com- mensurate profits. The Industrial Boarding School is conducted by a Principal, who has one or more assistants in jiroportion to the number of scholars. What religion shall lie taught in the soliool is sfcnerally easily settled, as the rule is to per- mit but one sect on an Agency. There is an exception to this rule, as will be seen, and the wisdom of it may b(' <|uestioned. The Friends, the Ortliodox Fi lends, the Methodists, the Roman Catholics, tlie 1{ai)tists, the Presbyterians, the United Presbyterians, the Congregationalists, the Prote.s- tant Episcopalians, tlie Reformed Episcopalians, the Uni- tarians, the Christian Union, and the Evangelical Luther- ans, have one or more of the seventy four agencies allotted to them. When an agent is to bo appointed, the candidate is chosen on the recommendation of a I'epre.sentative of one or other of these religious bodies. his, I was assured, worked well, and secured a superior cla.ss of agents Appointing men for political services had p.-ovcd a failure. At Hampton ^Virginia) there are fifty Government pupils, for each of whom one hundred and sixty-seven dollars, yearly, is paid, for board and tuition. This schocd is of a high grade, and the pupils sent there are in- tended for interpreters. The present Indian interpreter, as a rule, belongs to a degraded class, and translates the dialects very in( tlicient^lv. At the ordinary inau.stiial boarding school, managecl by tlii^CJovernnient through the Agency, each puiiil costs, on an average, one hundred dollai-s a year. Trie yearly outlay oil an industrial school for fifty children would there- fore, 1h! about five thousand dollars a year. Hut for the first year the expense would certainly be more. The aim, however, would bo to make these schools .self-support- ing, iUid when the sums properly chargeable to capital account, had been spread over a number of years, the school menu while being conducted on economical and profitable priiii i|'li's, even less than five thousand dolluis might be founi lo meet every demand. The items are as below : — • i School $800 00 Dormitory 800 00 Furiiiiuie COO 00 ^2,200 00 Saliiry of Piiiicipiil, !?H00, or say 1,000 00 AsHistiiiit. !i?(!0(), " 700 00 Miitroii, !?-ir» jicr Miouth for 10 moiitlis 250 00 Cook, ^-IQ " «• , 200 00 LinindiesH, |il'0 " •• . 200 00 ScamHtrcsH, $20 " «• . 200 00 .«2,.')50 (10 3 waKK"i"«, '•' •'?''>♦ ™cli 1C2 00 6 sets of aoul)lt.' ImnicsH, at .«22 eucli. 132 00 7 breaking ploughs, lit !? 1.5.1)0 HI 30 10 stirring " at !i?-'.85 each 28 50 3 harrow •' at $5.50 ouch IC 50 1 chill aO 00 2 sewing machines, at 830 each 60 00 Clothing nmteriiil for fifty childven... 750 00 1 organ 86 00 Cattle, a few head 100 00 Sheep and pigs, if shee|) and pigs jau 1/e raised 6" 00 Horses 200 00 $1,716 3(1 Flour, 375 lbs. a week for 10 nios. at ].Jct8. perlb 282 19 Corn meal, 125 lb. a Wft?k for lO mos. at 3J cts. per lb 1H7 91 Beef, fre.sh, 350 lbs. a week for 10 mos. at 9 cts. per lb 1,354 .-io Pork or bacon, 50 l!)s. a week for 10 mos. at 10 cts. per lb 215 00 Coffee, greou, 12J lbs. a week for 10 mos. at 28 cts. per lb 150 60 Tea, Congou, H lbs. a week for 10 mos. at 37 cts ])er lb 23 65 Sugar, 30 Ib.s. a week for 10 mos. at 121 cts. per lb -gj og Beans, rice, or hominy, 25 lbs. a week for 10 mos. at 8 cts. per lb 86 00 Dried fruit, 25 lbs. a week for 10 mos. at 10 ct.s. per lb 107 50 Syru]) or molasses, 2J gulls, a week for 10 mos. at 85 cts. per gallon. 91 lt> Vinegar, 2i qts. a week for 10 mos. at 75 cts. per gall 20 21 Salt, 12^ lbs. a week for 10 mos. at 2 cts. per lb 10 75 Soap, 12J lbs. a week for 10 mos. at 8 cts. ].er lb 43 00 Baking powder, 2 lbs. week lor 10 mos. at 42 cts. per lb 36 12 S2,769 74 Deduct as belonging to capital iifcount $2,200 GO $9,236 04 1,716 30 $3,916 30 $5,319 74 I I 7. 'riii'ii! arc, iiH 11 lull', Mm ksinitli anil eariiciitcr itnil i'\t'ii sliociiuikt'r'H ttliopH oil f'ui'h Agency, wlicit) boyn aio tiuiglit II trade, Ijut tiicsc are churned to the Agcnc)'. Mutter, ej,'i;s, milk, ganleii vej^etalilcH, raiNPcl iinil |>r,). iliiced on till- farm, may l)c used in adililinn to the aliove. The ration is a inaxiinnm, wliich the agent is directed to ivdufc when practicalih!. On tlie Aj;encie«, it may lit) reinarked.in pass iii;, Indian l'i>lice are employed with rxeellcnt results. 'I'liohc I saw were, for the most part, if mixed lilooil. The Indians siili- niit to tiieir surveiilanco with more reailiness than they would to tliiit of whites. These police are paid If) a month and their rations and clothes. The happy results of Fndustrial Schools are strikingly shewn in the case of the five "civilized" nations, the (Jherokees, the Ohiirkasaws, the Chocktaws, the Creeks nnd Seniinoles, who are all making \in(loul)ted progress in agri- eulture and in education. They ntind)er in all about si.<, and cost about $2,500. Wo have a reguhiilyorganized government, and we elect our Chiefs and Judges, who used to be hereditary. Our population is about nineteen thousand, and we are increasing. Wo live by agriculture and stock-raising. We have $3,000,000 in trust with the Government." Judge Stedham said the cost of boarding a child, among the Oherokoes, was $7.00 a month, or $70.00 for ten months. He added that the children were made to work two bom's a day and half tlie day on Saturday. All the rein-esentativos of the five civilized nations declared their belief tliat the chief thing to attend to in dealing witli t]w, less civilized or wliolly barbarous tril)es, was to separate the childi'en from the parents. As I have said, the Indian Department, at Washington, have not much hope iu regard to the adult Indians, but sanguine anticipations are cherished resj ecting the children. The live nations are themselves a ))roof that a certain degree of civilizati:in is within the reach of the red ma.i wliile illus- trating his deficiencies. At the suggestion of the Commissioner, I visited the White Earth Agency, Minnesota. I found the school well attended, and the answeiing of the children creditable. But the quicke' t and brightest were mixed-bloods. The Principal of the school is a mixed-blood ; his Assis- tant is an Indian. The dormitory was jjlainly but comfort- ably furnished, and the children, whom I saw at dinner' were evidently well fed. The Episcopalian clergyman is a full-blood Ottawa, and is an able preacher. On the Reserve, there is also a Roman Catholic Cliurch, and two Roman Catholic clei'gymen, and everytiiing goes harmoniously for- ward. Mr. Ruffee, the Agent, who is an able man, and who knows the Indian character well, made a memomndum re- garding Agenjies, the gist of wiiicli may be given, as bt;ariug not remotely, on the .subject of my inquiry. Mr. RuHee deemed it necessaiy, first of all, that an Indian Reservation should have manual labour sciiools, or, iu otiier words, boarding industrial schooiu ; mills, both saw end g ist ; IJacksmitii and carpenter's shops ; that all the joung u\en of u tribe or tribes, who oesired it, should be taught some trade ; that missionaries of all denominations ■a 8 bIiouM liave equal advantages ; thai a fii-st-class physician should be employed ; that, as soon aa possible, tribal relations sliould he abolished ; that chiefs should be recognized, if at all, only for meritorious conduct and industry ; that the Indians should be dealt with in severalty ; that money or goods should be disburseid for an equivalent in labour ; that in the first year .farming imi)leniont8, cattle, hogs, sheep and the like should be supplied ; and anally that, Indian (that is with some Indian-blood, more or less) police should be (•niployed. They work admirably and cannot be dispensed with — is his emphatic opinion. There we.-e, on tiiis Reserve, some excellent farms culti- vated by pure-blood Indians. One would be struck by the progress made in ten years by a full-blood Indian pair — Mo-che-ge-wence and his wife, who had come to the agency wild, and whose smoky wigwam, wliere they first lived, was within a stonethrow ot their comfortable home. Passing through a kitchen, wheie stood a good cooking stove, you entered a large room— at once a sitting and sleeping apart uient — and you noticed around the walls, little cbromos in tfisteful frames mitde by the squaw. The room was well furnished. The Indian said he had twenty acres cleared on which he had grown wheat last year. He had had no help. His stock consisted of one yoke of oxen and one yoke of steer, two milch cows, one pony. He had built the house hiuiself. The rule is to give the Indians tools, and let them build their own dwellings, in fact to make them do as much as i>os.sible for themselves. Mo-che-ge-wence can neither read nor write. He i» a member of the Epis- copal Chnrjli. In the wigwam he used to inhabit some five years before, wem found, amid the dirt and smoke and clcseness of the loge, a few Indiaiw lately come to the Re- servation. In ten years an immense sti-ids had been njatle. The stables were good. There was the Indian pony com- fortable and clean. The stable,, which was of fair size, also contained roomy stalls for oxen. There was another building— the store room full of seed, wheat and Hour, •/round in the mill of the Reservation, fi'om wl»eat of this prudent Indian's own LM■ow^h. He had an ice-house. Ifo had al.so a quantity of reeds and birch bark to aid him ill niuking maple sugar in the summer. " This man — this farmer," said Mr. Ruffee ; " is a fair sample and not the best. He is a zealous churchman. He liad distinguished visitors here last Sunday, a Sioux chief and jiart of the chief's following, and when the collection was being taken uji he put half a dollar on the plate." This man, like all those on the Reservation, belongs to the C'hipi>ewa nation — a large branch of which we have in Canadii. Whitt; Cloud — the gi-eat orator of the Reservation — expressed the high esteem his nation had for the Government of the Queen, recalleil the kind treatment the Indians, and more es]>ecially his nation, hid always received at the hands of the British, and bade the Canadian visitor give his jieople in Canaila this message — to travel along the white man's way, and educate their children. m 9 I Tlie zeal and entiiiiHiiiHni mid life on this Reaervatiou in duo to Mr. I'liftef's energy and Ids deleriidnation to Hurruiind Iduistdf witli half-hreeil assistants. Kvury ein- y>\oy^ on tlie Reservation is of nuxed Idood. A nuxed- blood fandly named Bcaidieu, two generations of wliicli took a tlcep and warm int(M•(^st in the Indians, must lie of the greatest assistance to idm. At \Viiini|)eg, I met most of tiie lending men, oliuical and lay, wlio could speak with authority on the suliject of the inquiry, and to the ex[)erienco, knowledge and courtesy of Mgr. Tache, Pere f.acomhe, TTon. Jas- McKay, ani> many others, this report is much indebted. Among the Indians there is some discontent, hut as a rule it amounts to no more than tin; chronic (|uerulousnesH of tlie Indian cliaiacter, and his uneiisiness ahout food at this time of year will unfortunately leave no trace in his imj)rovident uniid when spring opens and tish are jdentiful. The exceptions are furnished hy one or two chiefs whose bands are starving, that is in the Indian sense of that word, witliout a eertiiin prospiMit of food in th(f future. Distress will always exist among improvident people, and undoubt- edly distre.ss and misery exist in many bands. The attitude of the chiefs referred to, ami the laugtiajje held by the jhief on the occasion of a visit to the St. Peter's lleservation — language which showed tiuit he was in commuuicatiou with the unsettled Itands — o])en u|), in the e\ent of the disappear- ance of the biitfalo (a dif.appearance no pi-otective legisla- tion can long retiird), a prospect which demamls the serious consideration ot the D(!p:irtmeut. N) race of men can be 8U(hlenly turned from one .set of pursuits to anotljer set of ft wholly diffeient nature witliout great attendant distiess. But, suddenly, to make men long accustomed to a wild unsettleplicable, what it suggests is a policy that shall look patiently for fiuit, not after five or ten years, but after a generation or two. The analogy is misleading when w^ cjme to <\ef] with the adnlt, and is of course a mere truism and not a figui-e of speech when we take charge of the Indian in the period of infancy. There is, it is true, in the a{ ol till' wliitii iiiiiii. Not tu Fjiviik ut' liiiii — t'Viii so t' the lmll'-liru(' iiicij;»' I aiiH willi tin* iiiri;cr iii'il iioliItT idea, llic iiiotiv(< power wliieli iiis|iireil a I'oiitiur and a Ttrmiiseli, is abwnt. The Indian's Htolidity in in part udsiiined, iit part the stupor prodiiueil hy extoriml novel airl diiitastefiil eonditioiiH, and in lioth respcoiM has lieeri manifested in white races at |ieriods of liel|ilessiiess and i^'iioraiii-e, of siilijeerioii to, ,n\t\ daily I'ontact with, the power and sii|ieiiipi' skill and relinement of more ailvanced rnces, or even more advanced liraiiches of the same race. We need not, therefore, recall the iiaines of I uliaii heroos to make IIS respect the latent capacities of the red man. We have only to look to the rock whence we were hewn. The Indian. I repeat, is not a cliild, and ho is the 'ast person that should lie dealt with in :\ chiidish wiy. Me reiplires firm, liold, kindly handling and lioimillesH jm- tience. He exacts, and surely not iinreasonalily, scrnpiilous hon-Kty. There oiijjlit to he a S|iecial exemplarv imnisli ment provided for those persons who, when employed liy the (Jovcrnment to supply the Indian with stores, cheat him. It would li" travelliiii; lieyond the record to coiniiient on iiiir Indiiin policy ami our treaties with the Indians, tlioiic^h I have foiined very ilecided opinions respecting lioth. Hut thi.s n Ilk is pertinent. Guaranteeiiif; schools as one of the considerations tor saireniloring the title to land, was, in my opinion, tiitlini,' with a i;reat duty and placing the Government in no diitnitied .ittitude. It shoulil have heen assumed that the Ooveriinii'iit would attend to its proper and pressint; linsiiiess in tliis important particu- lar. Such a gnniantee, r;;i)reovcr, hetrays a want of know- ledge of the Indian (ilmracter. It might easily have heen realizi'd, (it is at least thinkal>le), tliat one of the results would lie to Illlike the Chiefs hclieve they li.id some right to a voice regarding tlie character and iiiau'igoinent of the schools, as well as regarding the initiatory step of their estaMislinieiit. Chief Prince is giving some trouble on this head. There are cases where a denominational would he more suitalde than a seeulai' school, ami vicf versa; there are other cases where no Government school is neeiled, and whtfre the tine ]ioIicy is to utilize the mission schools. The estalilishnient and conduct of schools are 'natters which should have lieeii left in a position to lie considered apart from tli( disturljing, and sometimes designing predilectons of a Chief; the needs anil aptitudes of the settlement are alone wortliy of being weigheil. The moment there exists a settlement which has any ])ermani'nt character, tluMi educa- tion in some form or other should be brought within reach of the ehildren. This is not merely a matter of piiicy. Tt is that, of course, in the highest degree. It is a sacred duty. One ill result of promising the Indians schools, is that the Cliuruh Mi.ssiouary Society is withdrawing its aid to the I la iiiiintinti Hchools ii Hti'|i wliicli mlds to conditiotiH iilr*»iily MiilHuieiitly iin[H>i'itti\'p, culling for ii |ini(lent, fur-Hueing nml vi^orouH riliiuutioniil poliuy. Tilt' lii-Ht anil Kroiitt'Kt h' >iil' in tim foiiiulatioii of tin- ipiasi civili/tition of tlin IinliiiiiM, wliiiri'Vi'i- sci.n, was laiil liv niiHHioimrit'M, mi'U wlio had a MU|ii'<'ni« olijcct ami who did not count thoir lives dciir onto thorn. Hthools art' scatttji-i'd over thtf whoio t'ontint^nt, wiii^ri'ver InilianH cxiitt, nioiinint)ntn of rflij{iouH zi-ai and heroic Hfif-Hacriticf. TiicMtt hcIiooU hIioiiIiI Ik? ntilizi'd an innili as |)onMil)l(>, lioth on (froiintU of efficienoy and economy. Tlit> inissionarifs' fX|it'ritMi('i) in only Hnr|>itNMi)d l>y tlifir patiiMit lii'roisni.and thi-ir ti'stiinony, likt- that of tlio sclioul teauhfi-H, liko that of 'he authorititm at Washinjijtoti in, that if aiiythins{ is to \m tlone with thii [ndian, wh must catch him very yt»nnj{. The children must he kept constantly v ithiii tho circltt of civilized etmilitions. Mi,'i'. Tiieiie in his work, " Hketuh of tlu North-West of Aiueritnv"— |ioint» ont that the influtMice of civilized women 1ms issued in superior char- acteristics in onti portion of the native population. 'L'his in- fluence in and ont of the school must he constantly present, in the early years. •' Hitherto," says .Mr. Meeker, a nmn who could .speak with authority of a larjjti portion of tho Indians of the I'nited Sttites, " youn!,' nii.'u have lieeii boarded ami clothed and instructed, lint in time they were ttlTto the hunting j,'r<)uml. Tlie plan now is to take young children, ^ive them the i;aru of a mother, and have them constantly in hand." Such care must go }jari jjustu with religious tiaining. 'I here are, as w<^ have seen, some twidve hundroii families of half-lireeds— or niixod-hloods — in the North- West. Soil" of these are men of education and settleil puiH\iits. But the ureat miijority of them live under con- ilitioiiH which turn on the vanishing H.\Ie-tree of the butlalo's e.\inU!nce. It is no reproat^h to thtise inen and their children to say that they will require training, whether supjilied from within or witln-ut, before they can happily and effectively .settle down as farmeis. Archbisho|) Tachtfs Hketeh of the virtues ami vices of the mixed Idoods {.Skftch of the .Vo/V/j- IIV,v< i,f A meri-n, pp. DS^-l 10) a sketch drawn at once l>y a masterly and loving hand, can leave no tloubt on the mind that training will be needed. Nor, as 1 have said, is this ,v reproach. The same thing has been true of men belonging to the best white races, and iu modern times. The mixed-blood has already in hi^h development many of those virtut>s which would make him a useful ofh- cial, where activity, intelligence, hor.semanship and fidelitv were retpiired. But if the mixeilblood is to iioid his own in the race for existence, which will soon be exigent, in lands where, even yet, for the greater part of the year, pitim-val silence reigns, it is not enough that he should know all the artsc.f thevoyageor iiiid trader; not enough even that ho shtmid be able to do a litth' fi-rniing ; he niustbe educ.ittvl, and become su.sceptible to the bracing influences of complex wants aiul varied ambitions. 18 I slioiild ic'CDimiKMiil, lit oiiff, ail extensive applioiitiou of the i)riiu'i|ile of iiidustriiil Loariliiij,' hoIiooIs in tlie Nortli- Wcst, Wfin it not that tlio|io|)uliitioii, both Indian and half- brei'd, is so hirgely niij-ratory that any great outlay at pre- sent wonhl lie money tin-own away. The leconmiendations 1 venture *o sulnnit are as as follows :— (I.) Wherever the missionaries have schools, those schools >honld lie utilized liy the (lovermnent, if possilile ; tliat is to say, a contract should lie n.iulo with the rclijlious body controlliui; th« school to board and educate and train industrially a certain number of pujiils. This should be done without iiiterfcrin,!;; with the small assistance nt jircKcnt given to the day mission schonls. (2.) Not more than four industrial boarding schools oug'iit to be estalilislieil at tirst. If the Deiiartnient should determine to estiibiish more than four, the Reservation recdinmeuded by Mr. McColl, (.Apiienilix H.) wost of the Hudson Bay Co. Around are hikes in which much fish is foiiml, aid when thebutfahi is go a*) the Indians will flock hither to fisli. A goo'I many half-bre'-ds are hero now. It is a central point. Roads run south and wejt and nortii. 'I lie 1 lacktV t country, or that covered hy Treaty 7, is sure to lie a great grazing country in the not distant future. The advantages of the route thence to Qu'Appelle, on and alongside of tlie river, aiv unmistake- able. There is a permanent settlement. There is also a Roman Catholic mission. But there isi no timber, and it is said the frosts menace the crops ; but this i3 true of a goonIa(ion of 1 ,G4C of Ojibbeway and Cree Indiinis more advanced in civilization than anywheie else in the Manitoba Superinteridency ; there being 200 families cultivating an aveiage of about 5 acres each of ordin*ry U-U..U- i -l»Jl'< l "'ii i'i * lii i SISBB If cereals, roots and vegetublcH ; having 300 horses, 400 lieaJ of horned cattle, 50 hogs, 400 dwelling houses, 200 stahlos, 1 church and 2 school-houses ; 1,1C0 sj.eak Knglish, 675 read it, 50 icad Cieo, and 50 the Ojihbeway. tth. With reganl to the staff of instructors and cost of l)uildings, I am unahle to offer any suggestion, or submit any estimate, not having any data to base such suggestion or estimate oii. 5th. With reference to the manaijement of an Indus- trial Hchoul, I bog leave to sugijest that, in order to accoui- plish the commendable object the Government have in view, to ameliorate the condition of the Indians of this Superiii- tendency, it should be conducted in such a manner so as to impart a practical knowledge of tlu; arts of husbandry and mechanics, as well of the other useful industries, to the Indian youth of both sexes ; and that to prevent dissen- sions among the Indians and coTiiplications with the Depart- ment in the future, it would be, in my opinion, most advis- able that the institution proposed be conducted on strictly non-sectarian principles, and that it be absolutely imder the immediate diiection and control of the Government. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, E. McCOLL, Inspector of Indian Agency. N. F. Davin, Esq., i)bc., (be, (Sec, Winnipeg, Manitoba.