I ^i^ %!^. ^ W-, ^'V^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V A ,%" «'. if ^% #^^ fe ^«f /. i/l % ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 '-ilia II |50 "™^^ II •^ i^ Hi ■" 136 ^ 1^ ||M 1.8 14 III 1.6 vj ^ '? y % Photographic ^Sciences Corpomtion « nx'' .A '^^ \ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^. / / ^1 VINDICATION OF THt: BAPTIST TIlANS- LATOKS IN INDIA: IN IilUM.Y TO REV. THOMAS iTROTTEirj LETTEBS ''ON THE MEANING OF BAPTIZO," LETTER I. A didbrcncc ofricnthuent shoiiM never be puf- fered to produce alienation of afleetiosi. It is oh- I viourf that no jnanought to he an^ry with' another M. for ei]tertaining views lliat differ i'-uiu his own, nor yet for assigning his reahuns for entertaining^ them. Il is, however, so eotnjnon for controversialists to * indul^re in a spirit of acritnonv, that sooie are ready o decrv all eontrovers\', as if it must nccessnrilv i)rodnce animositv. But it certainiv man he condiie- ted in a si)irit of kindness. Though i huve heel* ' ^;^ to regard it as my duty to write, in several nrstan en controverted suhjecis, ! am not a w:\re (^f fijr»'.;i penned a single sentence uuiler the in(lueng^?jiulMt ings of unkiiidiiess lowanls iJicse \v(l ifany mnn hiis irnagiiieil thail liuve asked si (■|iic>fH>n 'Snappishly," !>- to nHSure^him that inltliis he \n\n been mistaken, for I have not intende.l to violate the lawsteit))er of l'.in(lnc^^s or of courtesy. It is my sin- cere and earnest desire that a ?pirit of mutual love ixn\ friendliness niiv nrovad a.r.on^' all Cliristian.s, v.-hether I'apti-^ts nie \\) 1S03, dis- rmotly s relative dtity to p. m. In thi Society M., an tary,''at lie hun \ie the ly siii- 1 lovo stiaii.s, icei'(')y word )irit. ft lie so iiwhicli c He . ) stiite Baptifst of the Ic has eqiKito pious, :; from o give ;in(l as \'.y\G to exarni- ac*{.!or- Mit, (le- rd that uhlicly 1)11 V(; r- Carey, J Hc'v, 53, (lis- rno.ly statin, the fact, a...l giving a fu 1 ^M'l'vnat'O" 'e.ive.othe cour.e vvl.iC. he ' had .leome.l U h.. ;,:!;; "pursue. (S.o.no,noi.- of Ur.W.Uu... Carey. ''".Tto voar 1804 tho B.iti.U nn.l F"™''"" f J^« Society wus for.n.U TUo Rev. Jo-l'^ / f | ;^t n ii...vf'i-t tniiostr!*. was Its IllSi oecri..- M an esteemed IJaptirA nnniftui, » * /. ,u * ,,;;., n.l he is .•e.-o,n,ize.l l.y the Co,n,n.ttce of that S oc-;; y as one of m foun.lers and rhief promoter . Se L;on,18;M,p. xix.) The Baptists eonl.a y .,; L .!> Uevr p'.lobaptist brethren in th.s no bio I ' ,i.n an.! .'.ntrilmted liberally to ,ts funds, r:: ; tv"; Lds ...istanco was afforded, without ,„/,tist;ncaon, to M :•' pnblishinsvcrstonsmade by " n Baptist a.,d Pedobaptist Missionaries >n fore g. ands. Thou,;, .be Baptist Miss.onar.es preceded o-he>-s, a..a were the principal translators .« h.-l-a. tbcv never atte.npter..-a, lu- !.rc,.a.o,l, ,„,o.hc.- Coni.iuinie..- tion niM.ntli.s.Mio .,.l.joot, re- vie-.v M.-. Trotter's L,-e.s "Oa .he Meaning- ol I.al.- lizo." 1 lK.g t,, a.s..re him that 1 entc.-tain no loel TTT-, . ,.„„-->i to he ro-rrettod, n-oveover, ihnt bo had , I n eU '.vo'l' c\ h: I evil uhioh he jus.ly disap- „ot hn'-y •'•■„; j_.„ „,„„,,, „ot then have as^er- '"'l -r he H, ne tt'er that Dr. Maciay, |a ...an lo.-.^' 1 , Ms^^v Iv lu own on hoth .-ides of the Atlantic, "'.' rin. ot•^.n,nesio..al,le vera.-i.y-"..ttere.l. a :h,v^r.,-igl..flt■holl;'i.^ucas.in^vhiche,thera,^,.^^ I / lii;'.'^ rounrd him, or any of my Podobaptist hrctlnon, l»iit iliosii (»f mi(lisse!iil»l('(l kindiicss. He ruiist nor, liDW 'vcr, Ii;mu'o ifiiai^'iiit? tljat I will hesitate to ex- pose (listlhctly what 1 conceive to he the fallacv of Ill atttMMprinjr to. ir.ort the arjrtiitiOMt flrnwn from ihe -ilh'j^rd (jict, that the Conirniitee ofthe British St Forei*;!! Hil)l(» Society circulate vcrsioiis in which the worri IJaptizo is ren«lerr ' l»y words that denote immersion, Mr. TroUer h^^ denieri that ;he wordti Jbnad a. id J\LimudUho, nscd in the Syriac version, have this nicaninj^. [ have ^. roved that they do mean this, from the cone .rem te.stimony of the njost emi- take or a misunderstimdinif was very liaMe to occur. TMeither would he jjave ch.irfjed the*Baj)tist JVlission- firy Society c^f F.nudand, with pursuinjif a courise ^*in the the highest dcixree unf«ir and dishonorahle" in tfie appropriation of contributions, when, ap it ap- pears iVom his own Siatements that "annual account:? (were) laid l)erore the public in the Report:? of the Socricly,'' so that all w ho contributed miuht know at once to what (►])jects tlieir donations were devoted; and, as I have shewn, the clyiracter of the versions made by Baptist Missionaries in India had been long puhlicly kr.own in Great Britain, It is, however, a curious fact, that Mr. i'rotfer, immediately after preferrinjjT this very serious charge again&t the Bap- tist Missionary Society, eulor^ises '*thf spirit ol Ful- ler, and Carey, and Marshman, and Ward," recom- mending these men as patterns for our imitation, when it is certain that if there had been anvthing "unfair and dishonorable" in the case to whiln he refers, these very men,— includinj? the first Secretary, t!ie first Translator, and the first Printer,— must liave been the first and principal act:>rs in it! ■Miriini >-*... -. * 10 , "n,'.,l.-.PtWt Svri-.H^ tM-l."l.ivs. from .. da.Lenses, which (hesid. •.—.;;;. J arbitrarily put upon U. .* ""^ .'"""•,.,, „.i,enoe ho cannot pretend any affinity -^" "^ 7;;\: '„„„, of p.„fesse. to '';';"-.;^^:;^:;:t;« TsPiac^oun. hy Lm the same ^or,,Ar^^.^Vr^'^^-^^^;, not deny thatrse6o,"a finger,' .s as evulen . ^^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^D^^^^^^nmi^^^^ '^^H V ? ®^SB 1 It i ■ i 9 from Tcha^ *-t<» iiimu ivo, jmd a finger (jhviou.sly lias no more connexion wiili imniersion llian a [)ilUu' has. 'I'o shew, moreover, how uncertain a guide in this case id the mere derivation of she wor({ Amad tVotn the Hebrew. 1 renjarU, that while Dr. Henderson re- gards the \vorject in obscurity l)y alleging tiiat in John v. (2, Kolambelhra is used <'for the whole establishment incduding the buildings," yet he cannot deny the fact, that it denotes a pool, or place sir table for m??2ers?07i, and that in the Syriac version the pool itself is ex- pressly designated by the word Mamiiditho, "a bap- tistery." For instance, *'I have no man, when the water is iroubled to put mo into (Mitrnnditho) the pool." (John v, 7., see verse 4. and ix. 7.) So Dr. Castell defines " Beth Mamuditho, a bap^ tistery, a house provided for the purpose, furnished with canals and baths, in which the candid;ites were baplizei] {Sichmergendo) by submerging. "> 1 '«r n t f 1 1 ll'tlio word mamuditho^ ti!tg baplUtn wwA n baptistery, iiad been used to dcsioiiare ji siuall ves- sel (>f water, Mr. Trotter would iJii!u>u!jtt'dlv— and with strict propriety ~-re,^ard sucli Mptdicatioii of it ns iuniiaijiii,!^ evidence that it did not denote immer- sion ; iirid that this mode was not [iractirfed when liio Syriac version was niadc. it is then cdivious that its appliratio!) to dcR-ignaie a place .'^uitahle {'or im- mersion fui-nishes efjiially decisive evidence tliat, when applied to the ordinance it;3elf, it did denote immersion) iwA that thi.s was tlie mode practised at that tirm;, which was, as Mr. Trotter says, "if not in the age of the Aprjslles, in tlie w.vy ijext." Unable to adduce the sli;rhtest vcs'ti^i^e of[)roorthat either Amad or Mumnditho was ever used to ^\'rn\\'v any thing but immersion, or a place suitable for im- mersion, he endeavors to ev.ide the decisive proof ilrawn from the use of the woid Am'id in Nnnib \\\ 23, by a^sertmg tiiat "to })a,ss tlironzh the water is a fi^airative expression," denoting "simply to wash." This itself, however, is a full admission tiiat the word has a very different meaning irom either "standing" or "confirming," and one that undeniably i)ic!udcs immersion.ViUi i\\G fact is, that, the f)hrases "j)ut into water," "rinsed in water," and I)ein5 "caused to iro throughthewater,"(Lev.xi.3r2,xv.li:i, Numb. xx\i.23) used with reference to utensils cer. xxxi I 13 >» i *i3j and defines Jlmad, which is there used to cxpif^g "being caused to go liirough the water,'' by the word immergo "to inuuerse." I owe an apology to the reader for having detained hitn so h)ng in obviating an objection of no real weight with regard to the Sy:'ac version; since it is only one of a considera!)lc number of versions circu- lated by the CoiiMiiittee of the British and Forcijin Bible »S'ociery in which, as the Icars-.od Messrs. Greenfield* uuil Gotch have cioarly shewn, the word ^ Intlioview ofconsidei-ate f>errM)n> it must ap- pear an unfavorable indie ition respcctii.ifr iiie cauMO it; which Mr. 'I'rotter is engaj^edy tliat beseems to be in!f)elled in vijidicatin^^ it, instead of regardi!>g the ancient prece[)t, ' Tread lightly o'a the ashes of the dead,'' to drive roojj^h shod over many eminent and worthy men, the dead not excepted. By rejK-esen- tinir my "conduct as hardly consirstent with polenn- cal biirness,or even with moral rectitude," incjiioting ?dr. Grecntield, he evidetuly a'ssnmes that 1 murt [save kijown that Mr. (jreeiiiield lost liis "iiiirh repu- tation as a schi)'ar" by his criticism-i relative to I'lis subject, and in cousefjuence "put an (?nd to his own life." Oftliose reports, however,! have not to this hour received the siiifhresi intimation from any soui-ce save fr(»m the pesi of Mr. Trotter. 'i'ii:it he be!i(Hes tliem 1 do not doubt; but i am prepared to prove ijy iucbdiitable testimonies that they are not true. Tiie foHowiuij mav suielv sullice: — 1. The comnfirtee of the Driiish and Foreign Bi!)Ie Society, (who could not have been i«r»iorjint on either of th(\va ..u r^ctcr was nii- iiarily consisieui.' ^^^ I Slg: y ll(J Mr. iblos Mr. s cri- fit li«} UHUn- iliinil ;rs Mr. only uonli- iiguist {\G my s irro- r u onli- ne (\ by , Octo-^ [ijoir oi if stute- borii in ini<',clio!t bibli*'"'! s of tho ft ho Bi- )' huving" 15 In my next, cmbro.clnij the latter part'of Mr. Trot- tor'd first Letter and the whole of his second, I de- :•.» S Slg to come more directly to the point. resolved to appoint an officer as Superintendent of the translatin-x and editing department of the Society. Mr. Greenfield's labours witliin the first year, as re- ported by tho Ciblu Society's cormriitte, were most astonishing, including editorial examination or revi- sion of more than twenty banguages or versions of the Scriptures. Besides which he had largo correspon- xlence arising out of his omoe,and he issued from the l)rcss his Hebrew New Testament. Ho also had in prenaration a Polvglot Gratmnar of thirty languages when seized by that fatal malady, the bram fever, which terminated his valuable life. This disease, ifnot occasioiuHJ, was aggravated by the malicious slanders of envious men jeabjus of his fame: they were propagated against some of the notes to the Comprehensive Bible, as inclining to neology, with a view to injure the Bible Sociery. He was able to attend the House of God on tho Lord's day morning, but he became worse, and on Fiiday his j)a>ioi saw Inm, when his mind uas composed and brip[)y, and lie expressed his hope and contidonce in Jesus Christ as his redeemer. On the following day Mr. VVood saw him again, when he said, " Since I have been luM-e, I have learned more of the depravity oi mv heart tlian I knew before , but blessed be God, I hiive also the inward witnessing or the Spirit, that I feel myself lo be a pardoned sinner, through the blood of Jesus Christ* For worlds I would not have been without this illness. I have had most delight- ful ituercourjje with my heavenly Father. i have citjovod that nearness of r.ccess whieh prevents rne iiv)ubtiii'' mv interest m the precious blood of a eruV/ifjcd Redeemer ; and I am ready and willing, if il bu l!i" Lord'.-.- will, lo depart anil be with Chn.rt,'' H - Thus lh\^ liuly kil)OUi-er iu the- cause of God rft- ,>artedrhs eternal rest, Nov 5, 1832, suicerely )a. parted lou , , centleniau, and a christian, by !:irwl'okncw^^^^^^^ Conunitte. of the ^Such^^^^^^^ n"<^ ^^« P^'^^^^^'' ^^"^^ triumphant bucn wab u 'i',.otter represents as a mere ;S '^K on the cV;o.m-e o[ his igncance < ,u.. * „■?, l.n I iVown life.' An.l whe.efoie ir; the cl.aryc- r f .hil nnZuml scholar «n;tln:ce of .sterling ca.ulou,- ar.,1 .mninch- nn eimneui . ;, , , , „,.,5, .,g |,e ohserv«(l, u ^e'S a 'i 't nm tl,o .s.,n of a'hajni.r,'; yet fro,,. ,ie,the, a 1, 1 = jj^ed ihebapti.st ii,iss,onan<'» i:;tT^r:>la r/s? 'L'o l,y wor.ls .ignlfyi,,. ^o imm.«. iiitiaiisiaim , ^ inspectio,, of vei-sioiis '''''' Ht'^^bvlUeUrtoh and Fo,-eig,. BiMe Society, crcalatc.l » y ' f; •?' „,,e,. of the1i. it xvas tra,islat- pour or sprinkk.'^ W H 3E y ^^-^ \n, by )f the mere , « put haryc- risjtiiiii ilen»i)c 1 sucli flinch- 5erv<3(l, ^'t from oiifirie* imersei ersioiis k)ciorv, ranslat- I.KTTKIi II. / The question at issue between iMr. Trortter niid me is this: Have the Baptist missionaries in In* • lin, who ti-anshitetl6rtj?h2ro by words signifying 'Ho innnerse," done right or wrong? In attempting to maintain that they liavo tlane wrong, he does not ad- venture to deny, that the primary and usual meaning of the word is to innnerse, nor yet to aflirm thnt it ever means to sprinkle: but he now alleges, 'as a last resort,— in opposition to a host ot" Pcdo-baptist Lexicographers and criticd,~-that it is a '^generic term." And by what means does he endeavour to establish this hypothesis? From one instance of the use of the word baptismas , furnied from hapUzo, hut uhich, as he says, (F.ettei v.) is not used to design tiiate Christian baptism. The clause on which ho re- lics, Heh. x, 12, is thus defined by Y)r. Docklridgo nnd the Rev. Joseph Ilen^^on, Pedo-bapti^'ts, ''Divers washings, either as the whole body, or a part of it. ki water, as different occasions demanded. Kven |Vlr. Trolter himself, who concedes that there wero ^*i.nmersions piescribul in the hiw of Mo«es,'^ Uacit- hj admits thai the words diaphorcis haptismois, "di- 4rs washings" include immersions; but he fiUjjposos IhiM- model also ar^) included. SurMy this '^show^, H n i ay lie says, ^*Nvhat slender proof ii man will accept of in support of a favorite object, ratlier than have ^ noihing like proof at all." To shev/ the inconsijitcncy ofhuililinj;^ a theory on the uncertain import of a single word, occurrinj.: in one solitary instance, I remarked, in cflect, that dla- phoros, (readered "divers", Ileb. ix. 10, and which usually means "su}>erior," or ''different" in some respect) is used in the Septnagint (Ezra viii. -27) i\< the translation of a Hebrew word denoting pnirulitv, rcnde»*ed *'two" in the authorized version; {i:ipeii3, however, that Mr. Tnp- per knows — v.hut it seems Mr. Trotter doe6 not Inflow — that this word occurs hundreds of times in the Old Testament where it unquest'onably means plurality, and is rendered "two;" and that it is so rendered in Ezra viii. 27, in the Latin Vulgate, the Geneva Engli.^h Version by Luther, Junius, and Trcmellius, Castalio, Diodati. OstcrwaW, and Mar- tin, as well as the forty-seven Translators of our authorized version: ai.d Poole refers to the "rarity" of the metal as the "cause why there were only two vessels of that sort." Surely it is no disp;irag(rment to bo charged with "ignorance" in company with 1 accept I an liavo [leory on that dia- (I \vhicli in sonse . -21) n< )Iijrur!tv, tr.id Thfya.s il.erelore with perfect , M(TMrar.y tbnt Dr. McK„|.hr-^vho r,roI.nl,Iy un.fer- ' stood l,oih Groek and [Cnfr|i,h qnite n. well as Mr I rotter-ren.!orf3d diaphoroi, lapthmois ".livers ^ nniner^ions." It Is n.nnifest, tluMMhat this .in^le instance of th. use of ihe word haptismois uttorlv fails to nn-onl the least degree of countenance to his posmoM th It ' ' baptizo is a generic term.'^ ^ Some Pedobaptists have indeed assigned to bao^ iiToa sccondaiy sense, foun.ied on the' effect of iVo nct.on denoted l,y it, or on its figurative applicution^,: hnr, so far as I know, all competent judges are a- S'-eedthatin its primary and literal sense, it is a specific term, denoting one mode, viz: to immc'sc^ feo I rofessor Smart, a PcdohMptist, and a high phi- lological authority, say., - Bapto and Baptizo mean to dip, plunge, or immerse into anything iirinid. All Lexicographers and critics of any note are agreed in this." (IJii,. Hep. No.x. p. 208.) Even JMr. Trot- ter himself has distinctly admitted that it is specific ; for he has said, (Nova Scotian. Oct. 19, 1846) *' as Bapto moans to dip, baptizo means to dip r't- olenlhj,toplims:e.^' Not to ly ii!i(((M- II as iVIr. " (livers I lis HJiiifle I is utterly I ce to liin I to 6t1^!7 - ct of I ho Ucutioiip. : 3S are a- 3, it is a ligh plii- ?2:o mean Jid. All ii^reod in !r. Trot- specific ; , 184(),) ) dip vi- Y, then, a ques- he term ' proves ')merge', liffiM'ent aplizes' %erged. •cive that i |)Q nlltMilivij reatlrr f!\iin(»t fail lo ]i^'»-«' l\;r 'j-rotter's ^l^•^^ous elh.rl to r.;««hir it piobihle x\uabarMzo n.ay he us(m1 in the New Testament to ,!enoten dilTerent artinn iVon, that vn hieh it (hMeotes in classic authors, is a nru.ilest adn.is.ion nl the Nvdl established u^.l, that in classic unlhors .t n.eans /o immcrn,. Kvtry or.e knows that if I had ndnntied ^and such were the fact-that its meaning \^ spnnk' linir in the (neek clasics, and had tlien insisted that in the New 'lesratnent it nutans to immerse, Uv. Trotternonld have »ih Kuc-.h an extraordinary position. It cannot he ws,(Nuva scntn.n Nov. 25, 184C.) "There is uo iliirct evidence in the New TestamejU respeciin^r the form of Christ- ian Baptism." Upon what irronnd, the n, can he pogsibl)frcontinne t.) insi>t, that b>plizo denotes al- together a different action in the New TeslauK.nt from that which is denoted hy it in the Grec;'?. cli-.s- sics? I stated, (Novascotian, Dec. 16, 184G,) that -in order to luive rendered this in the least de-ree prohahle, he should have adduced instances in vvhndi Greek verbs ex.>ressinjli >^-on . but <> i-i competpiit to jii.lg«, i'aWvil •*'*""^ *»^ »»'« Tact, ihnt he h ; ^f;icf iK.t one (.fthf- "K'.'ins in |,„if,r. | „. 'nriiri.iriori of the in nl rcndfr th fho *». nnphatapsephizo I M.f\Tin;L', it cannot deriofe a dim HM ijrteily <*'ts(M adduced is hy any evident hy an ex- incan* «* to rotterVs own o *iu. for h'' sriy<, «itd Tfnt mode In .^ct s J, ImiI f ^ >^f kon. oos nor mean to <-lect it (( or rnirnher vvith.'^ ChHroton ^"•'^trcrrh iWthfhefn,nd;-ar:d is I I anv war CO mens ^o vorintr fiv n>ftd hy J rh( '<''i'*c afvjdicd Ml' wor«! i.s '•"V. if is ,1 ,t f,, |„, ji ^^•••'.v of handv. VVhrn fh 1 f»r nn i/mpirrd wriun-, wljh refer- 'f'f^**'"^""'"' "^' a |)crs„n to otrico | o 'ir;ij»*( >y ill J * f» n: I, ;is I y •M):(^ fhui rhat Hed ' that He literally jifta f- I, a I >(> }»». ,1 ••' ■■ '•- "'ui rnar Heifocs so in swear- •'"' "•*'■"• (J'Mir. xxxil. 40.) It niav ri '' "'illv ii^Hd to dt'iior ' <' ?>V men. f joijHh the,-,. I « appointinijf to of- IC 1"'^ '^ "''f '• '-'^"..^ of n,odc>. AT, '•> lor," f.nd Khrnnom "nrnraJIy Usva\ l.y ,J,j. ,t IH) show ofhajids. Bti 7e '^'^, " to ch )oso "•••;'" )^ MS dlMdedhy/o/ for tnh CO. " to diride by jot," were ^vs to whom fJio I;,nd of Ca- inh en ling without ^'iJ'ly fail to sec, \h cnsting lots. But wl ritance, to ^note fit no h J. JO can pos- »'onced, i.s not a different .nude, Th as in citrh of the c •Ppl'»*s to thf; vei-l enkaini M a<5ej4 e sanu* remark pv^c/ieiWr,'), ^^ to prefer,-' and 2-0, 'Ho dedicate.^' So also h «»np!es, npelpizo d t'not« /ic//m^r „r de ind aphupnoo, \>heil IS remaining' e\" itT nseii to .•is tl Ml! »'7 «.t, not specify mode, h ^pairiny;, leaking i^v sleeping. •jtct. i h.ive no hcarin*' on ih( •nmmrmmmmmmilfn 93 I i,e« nieaiiin"*, that some h.ive even opposite aoi.sc*, t! i some woriU wl.ic'.i ure not foi-ml lu classio aulh. •■ ar.- i.Hcd by the saceil writers, nor yet that «oi..o : - use.1 by the... i.. peculiar Ben.e:.. These coosKlei • tioi..-., however, do ..ot affect the Bubject ... deba . ns I nhiill shew presently. Mr Trotter Jec.ns it an imiieation of" igiioraiit recUlessness." &.«. i.i ...e,.hat, as he says, I "ev..l« , ly suppose the poor Jews to have ace.! en so..,c p. • ciplei.. alte.-ias the ...oanin;; of GreoU wor^U, p -- servini.tho.r.«anii.^'ofo..e clas., and altc-n.^- I : of mother." Thecause in which I an. engas.vevel-, naturally occur to - teiriKcnt ica-ler. . that if he is ...ore ,ear,.e. thai, the eminent schoh„-s who,., he ha. cha.-i?ed w.th norance, «...! I as " illiterate- i.^ h-i .-ei-resents n , his cause ...ast be a very 1. tJ o.e, or he w .u I r hive faile.l, as he ... mi Icstiy has done, to s..ake a / one of „.v positions. On this point th..y we,-e to t. .« eirecf-'l A verb which denotes one specific (.lode, .iocs not de..ote a ...ode entirely .liffercnt. 2. '1 ho inspired writers would not be likely to cha.ii^e the nieaningofsuch a verb. p. .„• 1 Anv man possessing a tolerable shave of mtell.- c«„c«. will at once pe.xeive, that a wo.'d moludin- several ...odes does ..ot desig.iate any one mode, to,- instance, as Mr. Trotter states, "opoAfsfco" .nea.is • ' to kill" but it does not m.^an eith.- "> " -shoot or 'Mo ha,.i.'," tl.ou-h it hichidcs both. So a soneno t-rm signifi in^ to wet itK-ln.les many modes ; but .t r ' ' 54 ..> o ,,e„oto ,ny o„o mo,,.. A ^pcolfi^ ,en« ,i.. "0 ,n. /„ sprm/^l,, ,U,os not men ?<, plunge; noi,I„°r / . No.v 1 have she.vn ,hat bapH.o is not a senn- •'■"'■'OM,-. 1 .-..tter l,as himsoU- affinne.l, ''r,„r,ii-„ ";-"- fo p,m,,o." ,t i,s Hear, thon, to a .i:^^;! stuu.on, that ,t .Iocs not ,„ca„ to "sj.,i„k,o;-. ,.,-„n,e ■lares not affirfii tliat it does. 2. It i.s not likely t!,at ,l,e inspire,! writers, nor in- .leo,l any o>vs, wonl.l clian^e the n.eanin. of snch . ■oH,, wh.ch is easily learnC, an,I is not o^as Iv s' ^.Ken, no,. ,,.a,!iiy forgotten. The reason nntura v ».»-Snahle wl,y a ,.,iter nscs a wor,l lite-allv i "^ n-v sense, is, I.eeanse there i, no wonl in tl' ' .- IXua^e, or none with which he is ae,.ainte.!, that -nv.ys the ,.h,awhieh he wishes to Lpress/ „, . Ian,„a...s neeessarily n.ns, have wor.ls ,,ono,in. annon ao.onsas i,n.,erun, an-l .prMcUn^, •"..1 l.e Apostles were ac,|uainle,l with the Greek von , •«..,-„, ,„ ,p,i,j,i^_ .,^^ s„pp«,i,i„„ Zt tnat they put a new .ense upon bapti.o, nee lie l r „ th t wh.ch n i'>'^'in that th. wri- tM.> ot tile New I estam.nit "have ehan.'e,! thp ,,J. 1';;; ol liaptlzn,-' savs " th,t /,«„/,•-„ ,-'" ""^ mean- "iv«ri.,,„,,,,,,,^,„^,.^,,;,^^,,,^;i;;;u>t..^ ; neitlif'r phms^e; Bap Hz re of ^voiihl or !m- lean- elass e :h« V- «5 ■II 11 an insunce of such n change ,n «-'='-:'':; ,,..ovml an «»er /«7«re, strongly «0'>h'"- " > "j, " Moreover, uet,>al investigation =»'-'"':'"'"'7 '■,..;,; not the verbs p,V^., to eat,...\ ^7' ^^^ f,;".: „so,l to designate the action, to be l-'"'""' .. , ^^ .-eivin.^ the I.or,rs S-pper, denote thesnou. a .a.. , ', 'classiest I n,oy als« notice instances of ^..o 1^ verbs that r,..late to ua.er. Louo genern!!) m, - fies to balke tbo lv,..ly ; niplo, to v>a.h tbe tac, . , ,,. on-.et;«ndp?u»o,^ouW. clothes ;cA.o-?.. .0 io pour; and , ,«no or ranliz,>, t. s,.r,akle U • n.Ling of either or those word, change-!.' Bv means, ^ 1 would .hen advise Mr. Trotter. for .1«3 .ake of his own reputation, not to charge "'« 7"" '« ^^ ance" in reference to this subject tdl he shall hav e gecured some shadow of plausibility to h.s own hv- polsis, by producing a Greek verb that .g.nf.es Lh«o/»mm. .uA to sprinkle ov .ue ..r „ he cannot do either of these, let h,m ao-uce anothu appropriate Greek verb that wilUno.-e certandy ex- which IS properly denoted by ranhzo. I ad he [ive. h, their time with all the knowledge wh.ch ho now vol es es and set then, right at first, be sure y w-ou have s ; f-r ''« """'' , ''"' i,:!'! '''"'^ prevented the whole eon'.roversy on th,. *ubj^ct. f ti e6 "one of thosG fh ^'^.''ir 1,6 ran da '>'y confess: tljfitthe^J] ''i;S let him candidly and i fl <>'»(? riffhtin tnms' aptist Tran innora- «mw?er5y 'itors inindi.i /i f-nn^equcntly that avoids that ave their V(}rsioi!>. I/", however, lift ^vIIJ it isrifvlii i'j:iiify to '') fiicnhite tl »^us;;;reorrl,P word in fho Q J-esoInfefy rcfn.-^o t conceives. '* 'f'j '''<'fdv' (da J in til ' ^ npi-e j,s no direct 'SIC o regarjl «"is ho e rsew 'f'esii 01" fx'sinvo cvidenc inn B if>f;s(: le matter h?; <} '"^"^^■^•^•P<'^"^ini? the Torn, ofCI survly cannot dec) fj n-i8t- <''*icr/n!ne( wntin<^s oCfosepl f^videnr and 1 by th '"f' to hjt iho lu S'ii ^ use of /.op/ico in t/ )ro:) i>^'*!y, classed hini,a Je ;c^^ ho has plaiMly, and le confonsj)orary with the A with wMvritin^ir Greek. ters ortlio :Vew 'J V \'/oi-(;c th e word.^ Mcemnl Pst.tnient, in ret j)ost!p>:_with !he w n o f^J'ence to the ^^. then, does Joseph phUi ^t a ship \\h(^nsh( that the s}. sinkin which an?l P^^yj^ It to denote the ,ubn «e &ea, as when I was in *•' was \n d nsTt use as when 1 -f^'istohul inks •ion a immer in tl Cicincc '^ '--iatesthat Herorl ?07iofa person ie sriv-« ani(rr of in a prmd. Pi-esses it elsewhere, th^/h •"^^ servants d ''•'ovMied O'- as he e: being (See A i»'l Vra,.„Book;.c.'xx7/r2 (''"pH'omcnos, baptized \ e was drowned uitie Book f .e. X ^. ]3,,^f^ 3^ tmmcrsed V ''» a pond. c. er will find th th e woril 667?^^^ ) Tile English rea.l- Pse pasages hy th ^' ^'f*. that Josenl o translated hyfWji e wonis '^sinkin 'St(;;i iti fy ? » i( ea 's as certain, the pinn i,'ni «aephu3 used (I, 'N as any tliit Ji? -' word 6//j ex- 1 27 i'-e can da iionora- i'j^iufy to 'ircniate ,.,'e«sly to tlonote immersion, llovv c:m x\.j opponent ,.v!ul.Mlie iiH'viiui.le i'o\v'\i\v\nc(l rhiiiF, untd [>onfI. 11 1.2. read- "'<» <^^" ■'' '' Stand it: nor yet that any per.ou who w.. not op- posing Baptist views ever cMncscd a c oubt ll.at Naanmn actually in.merscl l.in.self. In the app.e- hension, then, of all unprejudicea rea.lcrs, ,t must surely appear very unpropitious to the v,ew which Mr Trotter is enacavouring to support iigainst llio Baptist Translators in India, that he has lauiHl .t ne- cessary to occupy a long letter itt the obscuvn.g of this very plain text, in order to represent it-iii op- „o.ition to tlie authority of all Lexicographers. T.'aM.slators, and E.xpositors, and the plainest rules of interpretation, nay, and common sense, -as mean. ''-". •;^'*' ensanglanterent /« .L '.'"'" » "^« ^l-'- '•« co.t Moo,),." 1„ ,„e otl,;,. ,: 'h";"^ " '"""'^ l'"ve examine,!, /„A„/ i ■ I. '"-', ' """'""°"'^ 'hnt I "■y J«/i.mion.so?I;,f ;:;,,'" ""''^^ no exception io ^•'■■■'Voae..a,,.se,..th.....,,.Wi«.,,„,,i„.so,nopa.,- ( »'*t of Naa- st vetch to Bible, when it can only mean to ukli in 2 ^Uiit a sin- '-^traonJiu- <1 to con- »'evv ta/jai '•»« do the Stolkius, •uhlunus aie said C u kid. they dip- ilad the niohmo, f> sprin- ^ helped ■;iin that 'j hov\- *t fnoan hlood, '• vvith- vvoj-d ; ' nia(/e that r or di/^ 01] to ^ pas- |a<^es of the Hebrow Bible, when iL I moisten' an'Ps me all o'er.- •t '« manifestly sijbversive of the ,• '"«" Rv this fi.„,e „„„;'' '""'-'ns swnnly " to P^'ph-t an.l by "I ,' " ' "^ '•^'•-^ente.l, both by the ''■'■-.^^a.s if ho had ;: ; i;:7f„ "^ '""^""^'"^ •^w^mmf^ ler eJ- ng of re fore !igure iter. e ex- '' to ' the 'I- 33 iiai, then, condcrned himself, by doing whnt he bad condemned in others, to no purpose ; since the use of bapto in this cnse as the translation of a word that gii'Miifies " to dip in, to immerse," is, s-^ far as il hn^ any bearing on the sul)ject, directly against his view. The seat of Naaman's disease may ha'^e been lo- cal ; but his whole person was unquestionably aff- ected with leprosy, Under the Mosaic law, to which my opponent refers, the leper was ordered to have a mixture of blood and water— :ic>t pure water— sprink- led on him by the i>riest ; but was required to " wash {rachatSy balhe) his flesh in water." Lev. xiv.9.) It thus appears from an examination of the se- veral steps by which Mr. Trotter has attempted to arrive at his conclusion, that it is a very '' great stre.ch"-— aleap which none but " a thorough go- ing and determined partizar." can ever take — " to suj^pose that baptizo may singnify to sprinkle in 2 Kijjgs V. 14." lie is niistuken in supposing that I '« refer to rack- ats in confirmation of any view of I'le meaning of tubal ;' for I atii aware that tubal is the more defin- ite term, lie his, however, failed to establish even one exception to the general rule, that rachats — like the word bathe, by which it is often reiidered — when no pun of the body is either s})ecified or re- ferred i<^ in parallel passages, in its literal accepta- tion moans l)atho the whole bo<]y. (See next Letter.) The use of this word, therefore, in the case of Naa- 't** 31 ivj:\ti, Yersps 10, 10, 15, wliljoiit any lirnitallon, to-^ tether -with ihe circiunstanccv x]\i\l lio "ur'Mf. down" jwnl [)erfonmMl the ahlution onjt)inc[)o»l or im- mersed hiirjsolf; l)ul ihc word tahal iriakes it as cer- tain as any H(d»'e\v word can niakn it. This word, to which hnplizn coircs;)nn(i.s in 2 Kings v. 14. is not only restriv'tf'd hv tiic lie\i«H>i:r;n)h(M-, as StoiUins, i-itoo)iis Gc.-?niiJs, ParKhurst, &c, to the senses ot^ *< dippini;" or " imniersin.if" and " nt it U expr('-?>]y selected l»y ller. J. W. D. Gray in hi^i 'J'reatise vvrittiMi airainst Baptist views, as the word ihat denotes to iiinners'.*. He s. \s, (f. '210,) ' Iho t.'rni that siLniifies t'» innnerst; or dip is Tabah Kxainpies ofii-' n-e may be tound in L(!V. iv. C,17, xiv. \^. ix. 9. Nniul*. xix. 13.'' I an» not aware that nnv v in th(; least (Iciiccc fovonrablc to Mr Tr'»tter's no\ <;! scdn'ou; of rendering tabal " sprink- led" in Jhis text. j3ut as ! hav3 shown elsewhere, Luther, Diodati, Osiervald, Martin, an'- jniub and 'i'remel!i!is r«M!dillcil to n.l.-iit, in or- ,ler to evade the fact i\vM immersion wa;. enjoiiM-.l hv the wor.l Oaplizo, «ouhl rend.M- it in.po.H.il.le to prove that inuncrsion wa. cMJoined l,y any word that ronld Imve heen seleetcl in a^y lan-na-o. T .n- lastaiiee, had the l-'.n?lish w..rd dip Imen chosen, he would doulnlesssay, as h.< doe., that it n.cai..', " to mkos- ten ;" and he conid with o.iual propro ty-'hat is. none at all-allc^rc the same respecting the wor.l ,:,i m«r.. itself, since that which is , •».»....•«■./ is as cer- tainly moistened ii^ that which is dipped. ' """"■"- taiiwthat the llehrew word tabal m Joh .x. Hi, ntean. " tospatf.r," "»'l 2 S'^i"--?^ ^'- '''- " '" ^l"'";- kle " But, as 1 have aske.l him, in n.y secoii. Let- ter, to !!ive me another appropriate Greek verb l.iat will more certainly express " inunersioo" li^an bap- tizo does, so 1 here ask the same respecting? the word labal, to which baptizo corresponds in i Kings v. M. Evasion is intcrminal.le: hnt ilie man who at- mpts to maintain his cause by it, wiil unavo,d,d,ly sub- ject himself to .he just charge of incons.stency. would, therefore, respccUVilly admon:.h my fnend Mr Trotter to abandon it ; and, instca.l of mvoh mg himself in s'--^ »- ' g-"'"'" "":"'"';" '''L''^ '''"i lemptii.L' to fritter away the meaning ot eveiy woid U,at delates immersion in any language to acUnc^v- Icdse candidly the in.lubitable facts, iha, as bapH.o certainly means to innncr.e i'. tho classics and in the --r-'-a' Tjm i— / •'• m W X\v,'4:i of Joscphus, who was ;i Jrw contMniponiiv with the Apostle, so it was iJnquestional)ly .jsed in the same sense in the Septuagint. whioh was used, nnd its style followed, Sy the writers of the Nexv Te^starnent; and eonsequentiy, that they evidently eniploy^'d baptizn to denote the same action: and henee, that Dr, Carey and his colieacr.,os in India have done right in tnmslatji^' it by words that si^'ni- i'} to immerse, ^ t LETTER IV. It has been shown that, as in the Greek classics, so also in Josephus and in the Sep^jagint, Baptizo con- stantly denotes immersion. ^Vhat Mr. Trotter says oj hyper or huper, is certainly quite as applicable to baphzo, viz; that it -must have a precise and defi- nite meaning, a meanin- which it admits in other passages. " It is therefore manifestly inconsistent to n.s^.ign another meaning to this word in the Apocry- pha unless absolute necessity demands it. But no such necessity exists. The water of purification was undoubtedly to be ^nnnU..a on one who had touched a dead body, i his action, however, is invariably expressed by a J ,i ¥f } " 57 wonl y innncr- fiion." (Essays, Sic. p. 105.) In the Syriac Version the word rachats, bathe is rendered (NumI). xix. 19.) by secho, which is also used to denote svnmminc^, (Isa, xxv. 11. Acts xxvii. 43.) It is also worthy of remark, as illustrative of the fact, not jdy that immersion was required in »uch cn^ , but likewise that ihis was th© principal I proposes ol taking a man "> i-k;.,. o for as the Es.enes >nust have had hath., or conven- iences for hathins, so the Pharisees certanily might have them as well as thty. I .11.1 not quote Tertullian with reference to the neci.liar customs of the Jews, hut, as I state.l, "the prevalence of bathing in the East ;" that i.«, to shew that bathing was-as it still is, according to the con- current testimony of travellers-a very common cus- tom in warn, countries. This well ostahbshe.l fact tends to obviate several objections usually urge.l against immersion, which n.ight, otherwise seem weighty to persons acquainted only with customs Trevalent in cold climate. On •/>- P"'"' "- '»"; ' .age of Hesiod, one of the oldest Greek poets niay be properly cited, as clearly evincing th. |||||iU,.iiiijt|iiiiJi'-w|i . ;, b:„.,i.ed n.r the .lead, if -he ■ ns . • „U?whv are they then 1 aptized .,.r ihe dcu, • xvonhl "still obviously r..r. r m la n:.r~n,n. « it t will require several more Ion., .l.-Mrtaiums, «.-„ innrk, when P. ^^cnrj, Campbell ^n :"' '^ clem, eve-v wh "nT '" "■"^'' '"'^ '■^«. ««% With .■ero..e,.oetoTi;.> ".'''''• *''•• ^W 'y that couM afford ir, v 1, . ', " *^''«'-3' «•".- Essays, &e. p. ,02. i ^^ "f "" ---'^ « bath." "'^'- tl'e Jews «oul,l use t ht '''"''"' '^"'' '^he- «"t purposes or „o,, tW a!, TT '*"'''' '"' '"«■«- I ••tippoic ui it he rt rrrroil to Chi isiian baptism, whirh they had all received. u If, then, this is, as Mr. Tiotror thinks, «< one of those pa.vsai»-e,s wirn-h iiav(» not hitherto been ri;rhlly miderstood," it may vv^dl be doidned whether it does not remain sa, aft^^r .dl his diliireMt research to fi.id in it—for want of hpitv.r proof-^an arL'ument in I'a- vour orsprinlviin^rfor linpiism. ' ] .i.j^iiiv.u ujiiMj uiu {juiMUM .«(>(!t>meato "hathe rumselt in vyater ;" that is, ;is I have shewn at large in Letter iv. to im7nerse\mn&e\i'. (Lev. v. 7, 10, U, 22,27.) That the washing- expressed hy bapiizo in Mark vii. 4. and Luke xi. 38, (compare verse 2 9, jinc'chap ter viii. 44, 45.) was in accord;ince with this view, an -^■^ immersion, or bathing,' of the whole \HH\y, 1 have given concessions frofn Grotius Vatablus, Kederie, and Hammond. To these many similar coneessior.s may be easily added. Scio translates baptizonlai (Mark vii, 4.) 'c ^^. hao^mn:' i.e. They balhit them- selves : and Diodati rernlers ir, 'Mhiano lavato tutto Hcorpo'^i.e. They have the whole body bathed.-^ Robinson in defining' bapiizo, (Gr. Lex.) cites these texts, and gives the 'sense to bathe.' He assigns, as a reiiyon why immersion was, as he adnnts, generally . L. 1 1 I Ll .J the immersion an.l ih»; emorsion which are made m bapti,m, are a certain representation of dealli and the resurrection." Dr. Hammond l^y admitting this allusion, has thus given a consistent paraphrase upon the text:—'' Now fur them amor.g you, (ver. J2.) which sny there is no resurrection of the dead -II shall only make this d.emami, Why then have they in their baptism ma^ «"^o.,i„a.<^.)nec.,}eh n o t « " '^'"^^'Hlelou- '•'t .3 clean everv wh ' /iT '" "'■'■^'' '^'« ^et. '« evident ,then, that fac lh,W "'"'• ■''"• 2.) It -=-«-! by the Phar ;;;'":!':;• ''"•hingwere K,s- 'y that could afford ir, v 1, V •. " ^'"'^y «""- '"^•- ti.e Jews would use .l,t """' "'''"' ^vhe- ,^nt purposes or not, thev h °. T'T ''"'■'' '«'■ "'ff«'- ;^ ''« very r-as.age/howlor i f' T '''" ""'•'fi-''"on. "hews that the J^w; J.^^' ' <=!■«'' '^ ^ >: Trotter. & 10 sarrcci '•- . -, le " water nti(f Pecutar Uses," as he represents; for tl pots" for "purification" were manifestly applied ta ** secular use." John ii, 6 — 9. His assertion to tl?e effect " that one touched I person who had touched a dead l»ody, was to I a »y a kled 3> )e sprin- requires proof. And if this had been ihi case, the person so polluted wouhl unquestionably have been required also to " l)athe himself (Numb. xix. 19.) But it is certain that the ord cases in which persons became ceremonially defiled by the touch of those ceremonially unclean, had refer- in water.'? jnarv es ; ( [ uev. XV. 2 ence to peculiar diseases, or infirmiti 5, H, kc.) and to the touch of such persons those who were in a crowd would alvvays be liable. In this case no sprinkling was required, but it was always enjoined upon the person so (bffiled to "hathe himself in %vater ;" that is, as I have shewn at large in Letter iv. to immerse \mn&e\t'. (Lev. v. 7, 10, U, 22,27.) That the washing- expressed by bapUzo in Mark vii. 4. and Luke xi. 38, (compare verse 2 9, jmdchap ter viii. 44, 45.) was in accord;mce with this view, an immersion, or bathing of the whole body, I have given concessions from Grotius Vntablus, Kederir, and Hammond. To these many similar concessiot.s may be easily added. Scio translates baptiznnlai (Mark vii, 4.) .c ^c? ba-^nanr i.e. They balhi, them^ selves : and Diodati renders it, 'Jibhiano lavato tutto Hcorpo'^i.e. They have the whole body bathed.— Robinson in defining baptizo, (Gr. Lex.) cites these texts, and gives the 'sense to bathe.' He assigns, as a reason why immersion was, as he admits, generally 5— 4 these versions aivino- t",p |„,„, , "" °"^ "^ to snrinklin. ^ °,u '=''^'' "f countenance spi inkling. So, that emnentli' learnp.l P^ i mnnher of versions, includ n. vers'otTn ' ^?"' ;.-ntv .,iff.,.en: langnages;„rr'r, r 7 T lie ou 8a( tio COl It fai tjo do ] wl I)e tej Jo Dr. A. Clarke sny*, (in Inr.) «* A.s iliey rrceivo l>nt)ri-iui ns an einl»!f'tri of death, irj vrjIiiMiai'ilv lioirify uiKif^r the watcM' ; s > t'lov receive ir as nn eiublcin of the resurrection i\ d iiJ^tnrnal lilV, in co-nin;^ nj> out of the water; thu«t :ny are hnplizcd for the deady in perfect faith of tlie rejurrect.on." Granville Penn, Es-jupvc, in liis note on 1 Cor. XV, -Id, 30. ( AtMiotat'o.)',, 4c. )^^ter quoting Rom. vi. 77 I ■""■f^ .V It is evidently the duty and interest of every be- liever to yield strict obedience to each ot the Savi- our's commands. To this end he should study tho sacred Scriptures with diligence and prayerful atten- tion ; and, without preposession, put the mostnatura^ construction upon every sentence and every word. It is painful to me to ii nate that even an opponent fails of this in any point : but it is a Divine injunc- tion to " speak the truth," though it is always to bo done, as I am disposed to do it, '* in love." In addition to the instances already noticed in. which Mr. Trotter's system of sprinkling has com- pelled him to put a forced construction on plain texts — an evident proof that his system is unscriptural — the reader's attention is invited to his remarks on ^^)[m iii. 23. "John also was baptiziiig in Enon, near *> SI IV II It thut appears tnat tins lexi, Trotter ha« adduced in support of his view, and to whi<'h Ih5 has devoted the principal part of hi.* fourtli and fifth Letters, is so far from afl'ordini; any countenance to sprinkling, that it is, by the ailmis- sion ofa number of his Pedobaptist IJiethren, tle- vAs\\v\y in fuvour of itnmersicn. With referen^-eto tho other texts which he has hitherto cited in which baplizo occurs, Mr. Parkhurst. a Pedobaptist Levi-* icographer, says, (in Buptizo,)i\uxi it was u^^ud by the ■J rjCy P«aisc,l l.y ,1.0 A,.„.,tlos in baptism, ,|.„ prevalonn. «'( l«Ul.i„g, <: L.,.'Z" W.e.^ as the word probably ought ,o be re , e.eT (^eo Lev. xv. 11.)" Williams, i„ his Cotf,.,. R m .•e-nar.s on .be elanse-Exoep't tbe, .aS.^r^: ■ .lifTeren: .an.na.esArTem r IT 't : pS:v-:--i:£-;-"-.e.hei3e;':; f^^ wo [1 I lie^ oui sac tioi cor Iti fail ^ioi (1 01 1 \vh pel tex Jul i 57 How then can any one » have the hardihood' to ]>racti3e either of these for baptism, when no one dares so to translate the word ? Or to censure the ' J3aptist Translators in India for rendering it by words signifying to immerse, when the very instan- ces of its use cited in opposition by Mr. Trotter, •learly shew this to be its only proper meaning ? fM.^ LETTER VI. [In Answer to Mr. Trotter's 8th Letter.] I ■ : It is evidently the duty and interest of every be- liever to yield strict obedience to each ot the Savi- our's commands. To this end ho should study tho sacred Scriptures with diligence and prayerful atten- tion ; and, without preposession, put the mostnatura^ construction upon every sentence and every word. It is painful to me to ii nate that even an opponent fails of this in any point : but it is a Divine injunc- tion to " speak the truth," though it is always to be done, as I am disposed to do it, '* in love." In addition to the instances already noticed in which Mr. Trotter's system of sprinkling has com- pelled him to put a forced construction on plain texts — an evident proof that his system is unscriptural — the reader's attention is invited to his remarks ou John ill. 23. "John also was baptizing in Enon, near I ^as directed to ..,'■' '" ''""k-' When Tu *J'« children !f """'" ^^'""P "^-ives Z, ^'^"'' "uien of Israel J» /t i ^ ^""circumcis#» •trotter inio„ ' (-Joshua v 9^ ^ "'<-iae i'^''«aWyrequi.,„ft„. ™'/hat «'a^«- i. UuUs- "<« '-equ.re " ,r,„el, water 'U,^"' ^"'''"'"'''ff '-e John V'o practised i.„meSon r ''""'" P''"=«-»-^ thos" ; -w,,„„^^ waT ,e^n"""^ <">--" beca^:: 'a"e.was chosen on a-coum r • '' '""'""' '^at the ""'«/evve„.i„,.„p;JXpti!°sh?"'f"" ""^' '"at tO-ad,.„t it distinctly, in Sr ' ^'''" <^"nstrained duect oppositio., to their io denote putting? a prrson under water for tho pur- j osG of drowniiii^ him, and havinjr suhsoqucntly fitatoviii not prove thit *, '"' t/ie reason a<« '"y ».. koon,.;^," """»''? like P.I..,,„I .,,'" tjip ,.kij "^a^esharnt • " Joshua "G Cil|/cJ,.gp rkf r *"«ip knives, anrlo.- 'J'rotter ?„' -^ ^''■''^'>" (Joshua v g"? ";'="""='^e ng- f 's agreed on all han./^l"^'"^'''<="n'ci.,. i-^n^aWy required for banS ' f"' ^"'"- '« ""lis- " salr '■? " ""^" -^tT'f'^l"' sprinkling does * said to have bor..;zed i, " "'erefore John ^^'"o Poetised iu,meSo,^ / "'"'"'" P'"<=«-''« tho." "•orations for i,nmers,o„ " s„ "' ^'^°"''"S accom- 7aft.e„.ine.„p;JXJ;h "''"?"'■'' """^' '"«« '°-ad""t it distinctly, i„ rfi^'^"" ^•'«" -constrained duect oppositio., to their 09 there" 0^ Water 'isoii as- J'ersion. ce, and the in- ^e, they ss they VQ been uch a with a st-rnill niuch 5f Was arsons oshua mcisQ Mr. Were ncjs- iidis- tioes ^ohn lose Luse the m- lat ed il V I osvn practice. Crotius snys, (In loDie'.s ^uK^jisi?,) '• That the rite was performed by irr :».( i^ini), no: perfusion, L)oth the proper raeaniniij oi \';r word and the places chosen for [adminisroriif'.'l lih* iit(i indi- cate, John iii. 23. Acts viii. 38. niui ninny allusions of iho Apostles, which cannot lie k ftrnd to sprink- ling-, Rom. vi. 3, 4. Col. ii. l"!." Dr. Doddridge re- marks, " Nothing surely can lie more evident than t\vc\i(poUa hudata)many waters, signifies ns laru;e quan- /i/?/ o/iy«^£'r, it being -sometimes used lor the Eu- jdirates, (.ler- li. 13.) Sept.^' Dr. Lightfoot, though a strenuous advocate of sprinkling, admits, " that the baptism of John was by plunging ihe body, (after the same manner as the washing of unclean persons, and the baijtism of proselytes,) seems to appear from the things which are related of him; namely, that he baptized in Jordan^ and that he baptized in Enon^ because there was much water there. ^' (See Dr. A Clarke on Mark xvi. 16.)* * As these Letters will doubtless be read by m any persons who have not access to any of my other »\ writings which relate to this subject, I have deemed it projier, in some instances, to employ the same ar- guments, illustrations, and quotations. I may also here repeat a circumstance connected with the text now considered: — A pious Pedobaptist residen; lu Westmoreland, N. B. unwilling that his wife should be immersed, cautiously avoided reading in the fam- ily such passages of Scripture as might direct her thoughts to that subject. One morning, as he has in- formed me, when he sat down to read before prayer, he thought within himself, *' I believe there is not mentionof baptism in the third Chapter of John." If "f John (eis) in Jordan ■ -hi 7 "' '''''""'"' the others were 1 ■■ t' "'"l"''«'i°n''hly, a« (Mark i. 5 V m \ Th 7" '^ ''''''' J°"J'-n-"- thb- • ri '. ^^ "^ '^^'^ "'^""^ case is evidenilv thib.-l hough our venerable Translntf,,, ; ^ ionnlty with the roy„, instruction lil'^he T, «ot translate the word iapti.o, where . rel te 'to 1 Chnst^a^^^r^^^ unquestionairk^L? " much water.'" '° '"'''"^'''' "''e'-e there was \ T 1 i 1 miration, ^i(^ in accorilniice willi this view, it is rcmlor^Ml in rlie J^rptuii^irit—which was commonly uscmI l»y llif Jews — " So .shall nmny nutions(//raMmrt- sontai) wonjh.T at him." 1 ask, mor»;over, ilaes Mr. Trotter ri'ally think that Christ ** purilies'* many nations by the literal s()rinklinL,'ofvvaU;r in their fant's l»y the hands cf men ? I wouhl choose to rely upon the •' sprinklinjj of the hlof uUintivoly i.'\an»liKMi. ' 1 \ -■H vM J 00 V.-OVO ,„o ...... „.i.«,, v.,....si„,.-..::;i • ; ,,ii':' ^'^"r-'Mv. ..;;ue..'^;: •7;rr^ elude that he^ot ;,h "'' '""'"'"'^ '='"'- "o wtis not in tne vvafpr " R..* »i c.-e,l text te'l« us expr,.sslv th-IfH .^ "'''" the others were 1 <■ ^ "ni"«stio„ably, „« (Mark i. 5 -rTo \ Th 7" '^ '"'' Jo'-'J'""-"- ihis- • ■! , ^^ ^^ '^'" "'^•he case is evidenilv th's. — ! hough our venerable Trai«lntn..= ^ ^ ionnUy with the royal insfuctions J^ rhe';:, 7] J.ot translate the word .<.;,^.v„, where t rel te 'to 1 Chnsua^^or^^ un.uestionatT knL! " much water.'" "''° ''"l'"^«d "here there was I ^ { 'I ijDiiicr.M- vould ijfi- <-'"S WllfJM lit of til (J e unfram sprinkled nocessar- beon ifii- not the -ting the en «' the Jactually ily con- the sa- baptized »ably, as dan."— vidently in con- 5m, did Js to a knew, o verse > near jre." — 'e, *' I >on af- re was 61 as all (irceli scholars dfv, that its proper meaning if* to immerse, timt .lesus was baptized, that is, immers- ed, " in Jordan," *hat apo means ow< o/, (Ps. xl. 2. Mutth. vii. 4. xiv. 29. Luke viii. 29.) as well hs from.und that in a text manifestly parallel, (Acts viii. S9.)the strongest expression which the Greek lan- guage affords is used to express coming »p out of the water— as Mr. Trotter himself says— and ihere- ^lorc with the strictest propriety they rendered the text, "Jesus when he was l)a[)tized, went up straight- way out of the water." It is so rendered by Tyn- dale, Cranmer, the Geneva Translators, Dodd- ridge, Campbell, &c. Many other Pedobai)tist scholars, as Hammond, Stackhouse, Lightfoot, &c. admit the fact that our Lord was immersed. In reply to Mr. Trotter's remarks relative to thfr preposition €71 and the 6op^ismofthe Holy Ghost, 1 observe:— 1. When a preposition is expressed in one clause of a sentence, and omitted in another, or in a parallel text, the same preposition is evidently understood, and that in the same sense. (Acts xxvi. 18.2. Cor. i. 2.) Hence appears the fallacy of the ar- \ gument which he attemptia to build on the omission of en. Acts i. 5. 2. Every word should be taken in its ordinary or most usual sense, unless there is some decisive reason to the contrarv. But according to the statement of the late Rer. James Monro, of An- tigonish, fn is rendered m 633 times, and with 16 times only, in the four Gospels, omitting the instan- ces in which it is connected with baptism. (Treatise on Baptism, Appendix, p. 55—56.) In some of Nil C2 tlicso IG ii,stni,<,oii a coitaiiilv nicmis in .>= r ■ <•«, in 1I.C two first texts in ih u '' '"■"•'""- translated tn, i.sGl7overH; I^- "" thevpfnr^ ;. ''ovLi 10. lt.> ordinary rnenniiK' lo- :S.% i:'''"r'''""'^'^ "'• '«'—-' "-,= jenueredjn connection with Pnemr^n fh.' ^ • • t- i hes. ,. 8. see Exo.lus xi.v. 18. ] Kings.iv i« Jsa. xliv. 16, in Sent ^ M- 'i- .. '^'"S^"'^- 12 intinates ve v h! i . ' "^'" •""•"a'^s, "John chaff with um,L.d .:«;". BuT 7 "" ""^ ; cast (..,..) ,,„,,/;;,. iritrrti: .le o eT, '*•'' """.''P'---' - "e «'- thin , „ lrr!r ''"'?''' '" ''"'"'^^ ^'"•'•^■« "■• «'^'/' fire occurs freqiicniv. CiVlattli iii in i-i ■ ' /"<^> 8 &.C 1 VVh , '•^ ''""• '"• '"—'2- VII. 19. xviii. • S^e.) H hat ,. cast »„ '^: ... 1 — [-THi— iii'hV-^ ■'— ■ '-a-'-i^- - ''^ ^ C:) this* 4- 1 I .lordiin," it is clear to a (lomonstratioii, tluil they WQi'd Ui\\)i\7.Qd ill 10 ate t'. I do not, however, (lensure our Traiidhitors for ren- i!oriii<' the text ^'witli water, with the Holy Ghost, asul ii^ith fire;" since they evidently tlid not refer to iho mode, but to the element. So they have tranw- I.ted Exod. xii. 9.., "Eat not of it raw, nor sodde-i (bashed, 'hoi\ci\\ at all with water, hut roast with lire;" ihough they certainly knew that when flesh U hoiled "with water," it is boiled m the water. So likewise Dr. Hammond, (on Matt. iii. 11.) referring^ to the distinction between water baptism and that of Holy Ghost, speaks of John as baptizing persons "with water," though he candidly admits (on verso 1.) that John "put them into the water, dipped them all over, and so took them out again." The specious argument which Mr. Trotter at- tem})ts to draw fro:n the figurative expressions <* pouring out the Spirit," and "baptized with the Holy Ghost, "iis of no force ; since figurative lan- guage, which is necessarily more obscure, is not to guide us in the interpretation of that which is literal* and consequently plainer. Th;t the word bnptizo does not mean to pour, is demonstrable from the fact, that absurdity follows every attempt to trans- late it by that word ; as, " I indeed pour you with water," &c. The idea intended to be conveyed by * the baptism of the Holy Ghost,' appears evidently to be that of abundance ; as many learned Pedo baptists, as Glassius, Stockius, Parkhurst, •^c. define it. So Greenfield, in accordance with the others, de" I. '^c.) V\ h.u ,.s east »„fo the fi.e, ,nu.t necessarily '-«thefire.3.Whe,MK.„.„ewordisuse.li,. the " •'•'">»'"«eJ "n.fo,-,nIy. But, as Dr. Ca.npbell oh- ^-erves. en cannot he translate.I, verse 6th-" l,a„. T, "''' '"■''*"•" - " -"" the river of J„ . 'i-:! (Mark i. 5.) without g.arin, ahsurj^- '""ITthcj,eoi,le«ere baptized, "in the river of o Bi^ht ofilm Mil.jecl lu „„t for xvhich I afn conieudi!.-. I heg to as- Hure hin., however, that h« i-* widrly nstray in hh co,.jecturc-.he .say., '• M,. T. ],„, ,,,i ,.,,^,.„ ^^^ ^^^^ The specious ar;?utnent which Mr. Trotter at- temi)ts to draw fVotn tho figurative expressions «« pouring out the Spirit," and '' baptized with the Holy Ghost, "iis of no force ; since figurative lan- guage, which is necessarily more obscure, is not to 1^ guide us in the interpretation of that which is literal* i ^ and consequently plainer. Th;>t the word baptizo does not mean to pour, is demonstrable from tho fact, that absurdity follows every attempt to trans- late it by that word ; as, *' I indeed pour you with water," &c. The idea intended to be conveyed by * the baptism of the Holy Ghost,' appears evidently to be that of abundance ; as many learned Pcdo baptists, as Glassius, Stockius, Parkhurst, •^c. define it. So Greenfield, in accordance with the others, de" iMinti.s im: ui an uli huW who askiul nie, »• Uid you I'ver read thc5 Uo«ik of l.amcntationrf?" I huvo cer- tainly read the Gre»'k " New Tostumcnt from be- jrinniiis to end" at least fourleen times ; ntid I am accustomed to riail home portion of it daily. I ha\o no intention to reidiale by uliemptinij to lenscn Mr. Trotters reputation i\n a scholar ; but I am snro that no competent and unprejudiiMMl j» lire, who at- tentively exanjines his Liltcis »' On the mean.iii( ot liaptiz6,''cn\\ pos-^ibly regiird him aa u jud;ciua4 •♦ biblical critic*" ..M • — ■^^ • m iS £ this distinct on; „;:'ir he r?"'"" ^"'^"^'•^ '•• with" hv nJ 'V , '"'"'^' '" •■^'e'-'eJ to, the tJl::: irr'ei:r„:r^'"^v'"^' thati.„,er.io„ was the .node SsS 7, "'e of the preposition m<;i in such a o!!r. "' t«.e in the ie.t Ueg-ee a.a^ ir."^^ t^r ,S'" preposition en is once correctly rp.,i» '?"'.''""* the twice-«i„ Jordan-infthe river nf • '"' '' "'' 6..- Mark i.5.)this de:l:,;V;re/t:;' St'""'- |'either^o«r<. „„r sprinklillJZtt „t ''" in the extrsme to aneat ^f? • P'^eposterous srs,:r'r r- ^'-^ '^••- v:3; . Spanish, and German, as] well as English. uiitilly iiihlerjitautl hnptizonlai, \\i rrcsponilir)^ word, ill an active, or reflected pcmm-, jh denoting that they themselves did the notion. It i«, moreover, to be noted, chat persons eamiot be 'properly j^nid /o iftlhv themselves, unless they theniselvci kVj it ; hut ihey may be Aaid pai^uively, to be balked, though it \n done by ihemsclve*. So Hedcric, a noted Grrolc critic, cite* Mark vii. I. and Ijiko iv. 8S. in hii l^oti/^on, and dj'tlnes bajdizn in boih ihose \o.\h ''/m. e )> It e * 4 water, or to be in a r-vcr, tor tne aco ...,-.■- that whish car. be .ic.ne ec;Jally as well without, that he has deeme.l it r.e^dful to-altempt an evasion of the consequence, by alleging, " 'I "^ " were pr-ve.! that Jolm immersed his d.scip .. r would not fol- low that the Apostles inimersed the conve.ls to Christianity;" maintaining that his 'baptism was m- ferior to Christian baptism," and that the Apostles .' baptized John's disciples again." It U not renu.- site for me to contest this point ; but Beza and Glas- Bius have demonstrated, upon philological prmci- Mles, from the connection of the parts of the d.s- course by the parti:iesr»e» and de, (Acts x.x. 4. &.) th-t the disciples of John were not baptized agam. Calvin maintains the same. So the lat« Rev. Ja.nes Monro says, " There is uo esseul.al d.llerence be- '8 r, /•> It 15 k I* « «i«|l| ftKF- |M^i* ui stune, oAertUc innnr»«y^ of the pnnfy'ini; of lfe» Jewf,'' (Jirhn Vt " Ue (tuumcf ihai ibc J^w* cou'd bftT« no Imtlw, ur means of imrntrri^inj ••ithcr thraw«lvc'»» or nny tfiiilg thnt T7n» too lorgr* to U'^ im- ir»tTi**«f ' /<»ty g:\lloii*'' of water. He UHMert$ liat Of'cfkt -yij water puts •* ofie wnsj iritcntliHl fur the %v(Mbi*.^ ol'lhe barn! , another for the punfying for ib« %!eafl/* Swc, aini that, T*\%h rcj,MnJ to " cups," ,^' *' \kQ cvtulUbhv'd ciMtoia wat) tu turn th^iu u|>- li 01 r,»C^ /mpti-o will, >cr...rc„r,.. to ,|,o lf.,|,.\: • ■ " Mcaphonclly, e Holy Ghost ; „s they VC w^o I "Trr^"" 7 water were overwhehne.l „„.| covo e.l Z "l" J^eie It IS to be observpil fl.ot .u; i . well ns nr H '"""""" '«n"-"e.) tht the disciples of John were not baptized again. Calvin maintains tho same. So tho late Kev. Jan.es Monro says, " There is uo essential diileience be- i 4 ,14 >-':.^M^ I'-oper expression wo ,. i,:;:?"^ '" "'« -Hter, the Luke respecti,,-, ,■,„ s<,u expression used by '■« '">s not aitempte,! to't^ll T^ ^ood reason, sI'ouM have I.een • 1, ? " "' ^''•'" Greek verb '- ■^'•'-" "a. p."«ise ' 'bVetr,' ""'"■" "•- '■"'- "«t-shouMh.ve been eon "tHr '=^P'--0"^ .' « P'ople had been im ," . T ,"'1 " '^'■''' ''' "'entieal expressions Z vvl ''"' '^''°^<'" 'he ^•'•^Pi-ed »vriters. ''"'" '""""•'"'^ "^ed by the it thus appears evident from I,- ''"''-'y'huttI,osacre.l ,e ;.^,''" 7" •^'"'e-^ents, "'-cep,ionab,.vverd.,rrG::iT '"''^ urcek language af-^ H ^^\ k r^ ■■■■ ■Km Hili »i*"iBE ' ■1 r '^m / ^ f 1 "v, : # ■ . i i 9 -c.-ea-.i uiiiiiirii, or uy tiic touch ot nn UMclca!i person, was not to he sprinkletl at ail, bin to '' ho put into' water," or «< rijised in water." (Lev. xi. 8i2, xv, 12.) It is perfectly manifest, tlien, that the, {baptismos) " wasliin:^ of cups," &e. was immersion. Foi- or- dinary cases ot this kind a water pot contjjining *' twenty g-allons" was quite ►.ufilcicFit. If " tables'** or couches, :ouU\ not l)e ronvcnienlly dipped other- wise, not only does Dr. Gill i(ivo snrh ru'e.s from jRwish Rahhitf, but Kev. Uichard Mason though '^'"1- and not by c'>-tisa on B:;,:;:::;^:';7-';''-seci .,,„i„,,^ Mr. Trot:er,l,oivevor is pv;,l .1 Hny reason for the .u.^estio t 7 T""'' '° »^^'»" have been .iifferent.vvhFch ," "" ^ "«'°n "'«y the sa.ne word. ,„Vee / ' '="";!'«""3' ^J're.sed by P.-esentation,it would ^-,,7"^" '" '"■^' °'^" •■«- -•'-•" that im,„er ; w ' ' '"""''r''^"' " - '"ore '"••"' 'hat it wa.s durin. ^ ,.-' ™"""' ^"^«^q"ently, ""■"ur Savionr had l^t'^JZ^'"'': "'^ "« -ys 'l^lcs," which is preW.1 r " '""''" ''' *«« '«" Luke respecting ,he Fthf oppression used by -■•- "P ou. o/afj; '"'';;";;'- ^hi.ip ..„„ ,^ '■; has not a.ten,pted to te J ■ , ^''^ff'''''' .eason, should have bee, ■ ,p,, " ,"" "^^"^ Greek verb 7-""' was p,rtise ' t;?r;' -i^""- '"- ™- that should have been co! .''"'"^ "^pre.ssion.. the p-ople had bet L ::rV"l'' '"^ -'•'^. '*■ "lentical e.vpressions th w ' '"" ''''°''«» 'he "'■"Pi'-ed writers. ''"'" "'^'"''"y "«ed by the h thus appears evident Trnm i,- "•" -'y 'hat the sacred ,1;,^,''" T •'''■"""""■'' ""-ceptionablewordtil^t rcT^r ''^''''"" i^rcek language af~ iU4 67 fords to exi>!\^ss iinmersion fippropriaioly, but al?^^> that in (lescrihing'the circum.slances attendant on the adn>.inistrution of the ordinance, they' used the «tron "as '""l o water" when Maundrel visited JerZe,;" 1797 yet, ,t was not so in the time of the A ,„' M "'"">« «.Vs, "it is one hundred and tvvlnv ^ ' long, and forty hroad." He tells .1 •? ''""•'" called " Gihon," r» probab J e-, """"'"' P^°' Which, he says. was^"::;rL^v:;r:;te?.';"':;'i p:-.on,si.tyr:i'rd:!:j::r-^^^^^^ 1 hese wera both near and aUiblitj^h ' v^;^ 4. ', IX. 7, II.) Each is called in th,. V- ,."' «ynac version, MamlJo Z^^y^, 2""'"' hiibility from fhpi.. 1.0, • , '^/^nscery in all f)ro- •ha. purpose '^'''"»" '''"' ^"'"•'•l"'^""^ "-•«'"■- pelrcIvtteT.:rn'''', "7f '^"' ^""^ »-"=" «"« i"^-houses of th^; or."'"""'^ ""•""^'^ '^''^^^^ ' ^ **"'* oojeetton would doubtless have 71 jfC^ ties; o 1^ l>een madejwero it not that Josophus has incidentaliy mentioned, that a uninber of persons went to bathe and swim in the '^ fish-ponds, of which there were large ones about the house." Thttt such pools were cointnon in Palestine is manifest from the mention ofthernin Heshbon, and from Isaiah's reference to those " who make sluices and ponds for fish." (Cant. vii. 4. Isa. xix. 10.) These considerations are surely more than sufficient to obviate this objec- tion, which is founded solely u|)on conjecture. 3. Mr- Trotter thinks it '' clear from Acts xvi. 25 —34. that the jailor of Phillippi was baptized in the prison." It is certain, however that he had previ- ously " bought them out;" and it is added imme- diately aftfr the account of the baptism " and when he had broii';!it them into his house, he set meat be- fore them," (verses 30, 34.) It is evident, therefore, that the baptism took place neither in the prison nor in house. " This case" says Dr. Judson, (Sermon &LC. p. 7.) " can present no difficulty to the mmds of any of you. my brethren, who may have been with- in the the yard of the prison in this city [Calcutta, ]or are acquainted with the fact, that prison yards, in in the East, as well as the yards and gardens of pri- Yate houses, are usually furnished with tanks of ^vater." So Mr. Frey says,(p. 105.) " All who have travelled in the East know, that few large buildings are without tanks of water, or bathing houses; and this is particularly necessary to preserve health in prisons, barracks, Slc" 4. My opponent says, ^^Paul appears to have been . ,; \. / gpostine." But ♦riw 'n a privn unon "i n private house, ^ej/ed in the house Jny former remark.- lo direct persons to nn;PHnkling water o^fhe to ?t'^ """"" ■•^'■- '"destothe immersion of, I '""'"rostly al- Dr.Doddrige Zl: " t''' f?"" '" "«'-' - cleansed fro„ntspoiu,io;'so°s': T" ''^ ""'^^ • '"' Stoekius, after de- / k ^ ■t:^^£mmii>"m 73 .0. fining baptisma, (or laptismas, of similar import,) the immersion cr dipmng of a thing in water, thiit ii may !)e washed or bathed," adds, 'i Hence it is transferred to sacramental bapti^^m, in which ancient- ly the person to be baptized (m aquam immergeba- tur,) Wits immersed into water, that he might be [fi- guratively] washed from the pollutions of sin." 5. Mr. Trotter refers to 1 Pet. iii. 21. and Hebrews X. 22. to prove " that baj)tism was administered by sprinkling- in the days of the Apostles," But surely the sprinkling of a few drops of water does not bear tt very striking resemblance to the flood, to being immured in the ark, nor yet to the resurrection of Christ. Archbishop Leighton, in commenting on this text, refers to Uom. vi. 4. and remarks, '' The dipping in the water represents our apti8ni w;a*/iec? with pure water, intendod to represent our being cleansed from sin." 'J'he ^* bodies" of those who merely have water sprinkled in the face, certamly are not washed or bathedj but theirs undeniably are who are immersed. 9. As ii is not needful for me to advert to Mr.Trot- ter's remarks on Heb. \^, 14, which has no relatian to the subject, I notice m conclusion, his reference to the case of the Ethiopian, which he seems to re- gard as one of his best proofs in favour of sprinkling. He says, " There can be no doubt that the Ethiopian Eunuch was baptized at a well, and a well wh-ich, unless it has been greatly altered, would not admit of his being immersed in it." He adds, " This xMr. T. [Tupper] evidently admits," ^-c. On this bs't point Mr. Trotter is egregiously mistaken; Mr. Tup- ver never admitted any such thing. And since Mr. Trotter has fallen i:.to so great and glaring a mis- take as to state this without the least shadow of foundation for it, may it not be very reasonably ap- prehended that he is quite as far astray in his state- ment, *« that the Ethiopian eunuch was baptized at a well." How in the name of common sense, did he ascertain this? Did he learn it from '' the infallible word of God," which he professes to take " for a guide?" The only authority that can be pretended, is the g-roundless conjecture of some traveller, whom he does not name. Jf any man had explored every fuutof the extensive region Iving between Jerusalem th tlio pMri 11 as our intended ." 'J'h« prinkleci leilj but ir.Trot- relation 3ference IS to re- inkling, hiopian which, ►t admit his Mr. his Uiat r. Tup- ce Mr. a mis- low of bly ap- ^w' i state- ized at did he 'allible ' for a jnded, whom I every isaleni 75 .„,io.. full n.a,. of f "'-;•"- .-';:' ,;r' -L •.; ,,.d one or two r,vers-at tl. s '»"/' "^^ ^^„^ „„ couia by no means ho de.ernnncd 'h;«t ^he.e ,,|ace in it suitable for imuiers.on e.ghteen yours ago. u-.maplf in effect As Mr. Trotter is --' ^^^^''^^^tr •. ^^ that state.!, when treat.ng of °"'^''':\'J^„^ „ff„,.a. .ho strongest tern.s whid, t^e Gre k n, ^fe^n..^ «re used to express that P^^^J'^A "came up .went down (ai.) l^;:^;XZ'j:L ..ndered (ek) OUT of the water, as tne wo .,..,na„ie. I Pedobaptist translators generally, a yndale Jranmer, tie Geneva translators, as well a y ou authorised translators, the Rhen.sh, &c he ca ouestion these facts. It seems, then, that they l.otn ?.Terdown into" the » well" for sprn.kl.ng One of h s own remarks is evidently »P1''"=»"« ^""l vL " It is always a sign of a bad cause, when » , obable things have to be -e^ed .n suppo t - Jfhe same remark is equally »••"«;.'",;;;;„ „, eaviilins, of which we ''-« .<;,- f^:, '' X E:,io- ■ closing observations respect mg the <="»« °' , ,,..._.. Both went ow.. no ■ J J^ j „„, ,.oth came up ou « ;.;-^f, , ,,.., •.„.,„e,.sed. was .mmersed, .t "'""^^"* „ jjeither does which no one pretends to beUeve. i Tv one " pretend to believe" that either to go any one "<= .,,.„, to " come up out of the aown into the --I'^el- but ever- one knows witpr " " means" to immerse, nut j It U would be absurd in the ext.eme to do so .1 i ■ it \ 76 »g, ,,Ur»yn "...St he clone in connection with imincsio... i he dzlemma in which this ease has evidently I^ace.1 Mr. Trotter, and the extravagant statement' n... 8up,,o.s,t.o,.s which it has co.npelled hitn to ..ake rerrnnd ,„e of the manner in which the Rev. Donald McDonald, of Prince Edwanl Island, has (p. yi, 103, 173, 25G,) that the wor.l baptizo was used, not only hy " heathen authors," hut also " hy he sacred writers," to denote immersion; and that those hapfzed hy John, including the Saviour, were ■mmersed; hut he maintains that on the day of Pen- tecost Chnst gave the wo.d the new meaning " to JTIfl, N ! "•,'"'"'«'''='•' constrained to acknowledge (f). 187,) that the Ethiopian was subsequently im- Kiersed. How, then, does he attempt to evade the evident conclusion, that Immersion continued to be practised By alleging,(p. vii, & ,S6,)that this was ■ot Chnsuan bapt.sm, hut " proselyte plungint'," wh.ch the proselyte required before he could be received .nto Jewish privileges and freedom." With these pitiable attempts at evasion, to which the advocacy of an unte.iahle system has .Iriven its ndered tha 1^ ptism was generally ad,ninistered by urnner- lion, tiough I see no j,roof that it was essent.al to the institution. It woul.l be very ""-'"- ;"^;';- pose that they went to the water, .nerely that Ph.h ^.ight take up a little wuer in his hand to pour on the%unuch. ' A person of his dign.ty had, no do b , ,na„y vessels in his luggage, on such a journey throu-^h so desert a country, a precaution absolutely necesLry for travellers in those pans, and never ou.itted by the.n; see Dr. Shaw's 1 ravels, P.e- face, p. 4." . L- „ It thus appears that the circumstances in th.s case as in all the cases in which they are reco.ded, are, even in the judg.„ent of .nany who J-; J"'^^ sprinkling, strongly corroborative ot the fact that tha modeoriginally practised is mmemon. So far 'then, ure " all these particulars together from "forming a proof of no slight or doubtli.l kind, that thu Apostles administered bapt.sin by sprinkling," that even these, on which my opponent is obliged' to rest his cause, are evidently .luite suffi- cient to prove " the contrary;" which is not " taken f„r granted," but rests o.i as clear and certain proot as that eatin-i and dnnkins are the actions to be i Si H •xm I no inenlionec!, that the persons baptized on that occa- sion we rr immersed? Indeed if the reader knew, in such a case as 1 have represented, that the people' ordinarily practised sprinkling, he would po! as Mr. Trotter sdys, " suppose something else"--he is evi- dently unable to devise what— but would undoubted- ly conclude that some person or persons were im- mersed at that time. I have myself seen a Pcdobap- tist Minister and congregation go to the water, &c., but never— they know better which is the convenient end of the egg-^-unless they were acting on Baptist principles, and so practising immersion*. Though water was not by any means as scarce in Palestine as some ot our opponents represent, Deut. vii. 7.) it'ioes not thence follow— that there was not in any instance occasion to select a place * 1 have indeed, been informed of a singular case in New Brunswick, in which some persons went to the water a.i:l had it poured on them, while some r ^'*®.~"^"^^" ^''" further by the plain statements of ^on^iure— went down into the water, kxich, and had water poured on their heads, it is said that the officiatmg M mister, on coming out of the water, re- marked, that he venly believed that was precisely the way in which the Saviour was baptized. Bein/ however, very accommodating, he subsequently either sprmkled or immersed as the people chose Such a diversity of practice naturally reminds one of what IS related of the Israelites at a time in which the Divine law was generally disregarded, when, "1 here was no k\\\» in Israel, but every man did that which was right in his own eyeg." Judges xvii. 6 81 It occa- knevv, people ds Mr. is evi- >ubte(i- ere im- dobap- **, &c., .^euient Baptist arce in resent, t there I place ir case i'ent to some Jments tj and lat the er, re- jcisely Being", uently 3hose. 3ne of which when, n did vii. 6. where there was much water for the immersion of multitudes. The distress of armies for the want of water, of which Mr. Trotter speaks, as being " at no great distance from Enon," was] remote from the JandofJudea, between Edom and Moab, whit! jr the armies had gone by " seven days' journey,'* "through the wilderness of Edom." (2 Kings iii. 8, 9, 20, 22.) Mr. Trotter says ,5" When a wordjadmits nf differ- ent senses, we should determine its meaning by fair criticism, in any passage in which it occurs." True; but what is the result of "fair criticism" with re- ference to cis and en? How are they ordinarily reii dered in other texts when connected with water, a sea, a rivevj ^c? Into an in undeniably. (See Ex- odus i. 22. vii. IS. XV. 4, 8, 10. -2 Kings vi. 5. Mark V. 13. John V. 7.) He has himself stated, in the case of Judith that " en" is the word which should have been used, " if she had immersed herself." When however, it is connected with Christian baptism, h^ V ill have it mean " withf and when that sense is utterly inadmissible, it must mean '* beside." For this sense he has adduced only one obscure text, by no means parallel, in which it is doubtful whether it means ** beside" or in, (See Macknightand Clarke on Heb. ix. 4.) Rev. J. Monro gives 804 instances n the Gospels and the Acts in which en is rendered ini but not one instance in which it is rendered **be- side." Or. examining twenty versions, all made by Fedobaptists (unless we shouhl except the ancient ) ', I s\ ill luaii i5>t5\presseu in me sacred original with as much precision and certain- ty as it can be by any words in the Greek language, or indeed in any other language. Must it not? then' be manifest to all considerate persons, that the cause which compels its advocate to attempt the evasion of a fact so plain and certain, ought to be abandoned? It is to be observed, also, that Mr. Trotter does not pretend to account for the fact, which he cannot deny, that the people went ^j the water for baptism. Certainly, then, it cannot be thought by any, that he met my argument* ■* f' • The reader will excuse some partial repetition he mspired writers to ,n«.w^ '^ " """"""'i f'.v f'>: a rchgious purpose „.?« T' '""' '^'J"'>-'' "f extreme droughrth^r "• """' ^'"""^' '" « 'i-e ''"' "'e fe„.hin„ or ctr w,.^- 7' " "■ ^''"- 83-35.) vessel in which it As our Pedobaptisi breth»*en are accustomed to lay much Stress upon iho testimony of the Fathers in in these Letters; as they are principally occasioned by the recurrence of the same argutnents, objection, Slc, in Mr. Trotter's different Letters, to which I reply separately, lam also obliged to repeat the name ** Mr. Trotter" frequently; oecause if 1 uf^^d the initial " Mr. T." as he * i, it mii^ht in some cases be uncertain whij'h of us was meant, For in- stance, his remarks concerning: the Seventy, with reference to Greek and H^^i-rew, " They knew a frreat deal more about both than Mr. T. does," is probably intended to refer to Mr. Tupper; but it inay be referred to Mr. Trotter, to whom it is doubt- less quite as iruiy applicuble ^■ ■ 1 I I A.-, *t^..^*>li ' t»-i a^ ' l - "WL. Ut*Jl 1111. *M^«.» - lors. VVitn regara lo uic wuul wi »»»v^.j "— Mr. Hague expresses his surprise, (Examination, ^c, page 24,)thatsuch an objection should be made, si.ice Dr. Robinson's Work on Palestine, (vol. l.sec. 8, 9.) furnishes a complete answer. He observes, «' The extent of the cisterns.reservoirs, fountains and pools, for all the purposes of life, seemed truly ama- zincr to the Doctor." So the Rev. Mr. Frey, a con- verged Jew, and good authority, whose words 1 have had occasion to quote before, says, with rc- f ■''■' r r w 82 Syriac,) I find eis translated m, Mark i. 9. when Jesus is said to have been baptized (eis) « in Jor- dan," with only two exceptions; en rendered tn Matrh. iii. 6,—" baptized (en) in Jordan," with bu: one exception; and en rendered in, Mark i. 5, with- out one single exception— «' baptized by him (en) in the river Jordan." Is it, then, " fair criticism" for Mr. Trotter to maintain that en must be rendered either " with" or «* beside," as the exigencies of his cause may require, wh'ie the latter sense is in direct opposition to his own tuatement elsewhere, to the primary and usual meaning of the word, to its evi- dent import in parallel texts, and to the unanimous decision of this host of Pedobapti^t Translators.? No one can gainsay the stubborn fact, that the baptism of persons *' in the river Jordan" is expressed in the sacred original with as much precision and certain- ty as it can be by any words in the Greek language, or indeed in any other language. Must it not° then' be manifest to all considerate persons, that the cause which compels its advocate to attempt the evasion of a fact so plain and certain, ought to be abandoned? It is to be observed, also, that Mr. Trotter does not pretend to account for the fact, which he cannot deny, that the people went tj the water for baptism. Certainly, then, it cannot be thought by any, that he met my argument* • The reader w ill e xcuse some partial repetition 83 Mr. Trotter's arnfunient drawn from the customs of the heathen, (Letters 4th and 10th,) is curious enough. From the practice of sprinkling among the heathen, he seems to infer the scriptural authority of sprinkling for baptism; but iVom the practice of immersion among the heathen, he " arrives at the conclusion that immersion is not a scriptural, but a heathen observance." And yet he says in the same J^etter, that Tertullian, from vi^hose statement ho seems to draw this inference, "states, that thedevi! imitates the forms of the divine sacraments, in the mysteries. That he immerses some of his trusty servants," &c. T' is plainly represents the heathen as having borrowed immersion from the Christians; which is exactly the reverse of Mr, Trotter^c con- clusion. As our Pedobaptisi breth»*en are accustomed to lay much sii-ess upon the testimony of the Fathers in m in these Letters; as they are principally occasioned by the recurrence of the same argutnents, objection, &,c., in Mr. Trotter's different Letters, to which I reply separately, lam alsc obliged to repeat the name ** Mr. Trotter" frequently; oecause if i uf^d the initial " Mr. T." as he * i, it might in some cases be uncertain which of us was meant, For in- stance, his remarks concerning the Seventy, with reference to Greek and Hebrew, " They knew a great deal more about both than Mr. T. does," is probably intended to refer to Mr. Tupper; but it inay be referred to Mr. Trotter, to whom it is doubt- less quite as iru\j applicuble ?/' II 84 «»|>port of the baptism of iiirnif- ^k wuh regard to .he mode of bapttn! """' pecu to ronn a proper estimate of it than iVT,- '■• f ter, who is manifestly determined n u' *"" »t all hazards. RefenW ' f- ? ""''''^ ""^ '•"'"' baptism of candidal fAi"";';orr""llr says, " Thev T-» lo 1 , '^ '" which he the bathX tIu'''^ "" '""' " '" '" '"•"^^'^ '" marks «r """"*"' f«'Jo''aptist justly re- -^^tmostZSy-Lt:;.?.; '^'^ ."--»-- on any other groun.ls houM th ""■"°"' ^''' "■^'^' ••e initiated, go outtl T , "'"f"''"'' 'vho is to There woulXT Id ^^ S! TrT '''"' " '""'^'•^ Pa-tial affusion only 1/'^ V""' ^P'-'-^^'ing, or -;n.-cBi,dieai^CL:;;ri;::^3^^^^^^ s.e;:;::i;:;:!r/:'S:?r-''i:«^^^ I'kevvise Dr. Will ,H- ... °*^"e'™as." as do -hichmentionf mad lf.T h"' "^"^I^^S^ 241,) i.. "'^^'.A men descend hu ..tDr^i'?"""'^ '"'» come out of it » o^r *" """slates, "These passH^e', „„ ^'"^ candidly remarks, if so, wou Sap?!"' T' '" '■"'"'^^^'-' «»" cIo.« of the . St ce.l.yT "^ "'^'""^ °'"" «' ""• ■a A/ 85 Mr. Trotter himself admits, that " there can be no doubt immersion was jiractised in the tim« of TertuL liun," who died in the year 220: but he alleges, that iptural had been introduced. j)ractices naa neen iniroauced The practice of trine immersion, that is, doing thrice what was at first done but once, was very naturally introduceu, as appears from Tertullian*s remarks, from baptizing in the name of each of the Persons of the Trinity. My opponent alleges, that Tertullian *' believed the three dippings to be according to a divine appointment.'* But his copy, if it reads *^ non aliquody"*^ must be entirely different from mine, as also from those used by Professor Stuart and Dr. Gray. The former remarks, (page 357,) " Tertul- lian himself, however, seems to have regarded this trine immersion as something superadded to the pre- cepts of the Gospel; for thus he speaks in his book De Corona Militis^ Sections, " Thence we are thrice immersed, (/^r mergttamur) answering, e. i. fulfilling somewhat more (amplius aliquid respondentes) than he Lord has decreed in the Gospel." Dr. Gray, (page 243,) cites the passage in the same way, and remarks that it *• refers to the trine immersion of the * This statement tends to destroy the argument which Pedobaptists attempt to draw from the testi- mony of the Fathers in favour of the baptism of in- fants: for Tertullian is the first that mentions it, and that with disapprobation. Neither he nor any of the earlv Fathers asserts thr.t either Christ commanded it, or the Apostles practised it. . , itiiB; :i'E_v[]f_ ^1 S6 ^a^ng a ,i«,e ..vond .he Divine prece""' lurne'^isi;:''^,!!;"""'''"'^ ^"^"^^ "f'vhich a vo- Sember, "ml u'con.aL^'Jh'''''' '•"'"'^'"^'' " «""'«. ^y ferent editions The 'l/T''"'' '■^"'^'"S^ "f dif- ••eailina- noted on fhit ' ""^evcr, no various (vol. iv. p 293 ) •'n.r '"'T^"' '"" " "'«"•''' thus, terminavit:" that i* '^TT* ■^'""*""* "» evangelo de- decreed in the Gosvel >• lit . l " '"* ■^^"'"'^ *«* with having m^^''S'' '"'•"'^ " « thousand of his'^ readers tl'n'TT'' "^"""^ "^ >s fjund in his copy. .' i • „rh '^ ^t """■'' '»'»' tensions." as he savs „1T. ? ^'"""S Mr. T's pre- t typo,,raphical er/or, ""fs ma„"ir; '?'■" " '.""«' "^^ text. Tertullinn i= .h " ■ ".'?"'fost from the oon- oftr.diti^ns, rth^d^nVo";';'^'"^' '•''' ''''^•''•^«»"° the Gospel Amnn» .iT^ C """^* "ot enjoined ia " renoun'clne t,rdfv ^'r> "'"''^■''' '"baptism (i^r) three limes then Li^' ■"«??"«"'? i'nmersion honey," &c. In' the h» -"^^ " ""J'^""'' "'"•""'< a>"l he says, « If you a'kforf'"'"^*."*."'^ "«" «««!<"• thes. and si.n^r o bsetanre VS,""" Scriptures for will find none." He 1. ,1 ' ^"?"'"" '««^»«") you either in trmh or con2±'- ""'ihefefore.'have said, ofnny ofthese^as as Mr 'J^' »".""• "^'"^""'^^ nothing more th"n ihe I or',! h'"*^^'" '"'^"' "'""'filling pel.., * '""n •"« Lord hag decreed in the Gos- l-'w. ■iMMi njicMmiM^A- 67 •ecept.* 1 a vo- ftlle, by of dif- ^arious s thus, elo de- i three rd ha» 'rotter noTi," lood," lorn," argu- rom a ne of i non pre- ist be con- ance ed ia )tism •sion : and ?tion s for you 'aid, I nee ling rOS- II appears, then, that Tertullian admitted this to be an unauthorised addition; but he expressly testi- fied that both John and Peter practised immersion. He says, (-Dfi Baptismo^) " Nor is there any difl'er- ence of consequence between those whom John im- mersed {tinxit)'m the Jordan, or Peter in the Tiber." Prolessor Stuart, (357.) after citin«f the testimonies t)f Chrysostomand Gregory Nyssan, unequivocally shewing that immersion was the practice in their time, adds, " But enough. ' It is,' says Augusti. * a thing made out,' " vixi, the ancient practice of immersion. So indeed all the writers who have thoroughly investigated this subject, conclude. 1 know of no one usage of ancient times, which seems to be more clearly aii'i certainly made out. I can- not see how it is possible for any candid man who examines the subject to deny this." Such is the frank concession of an eminently >?arned and able Pedobaptist, who had investigated the subject with attention, and with ample means of information* The reader will observe that Mr. Trotter, having, as he tells us, free access to the records of antiquity, is unable to produce the slightest vestige of early historical proof in favour of sprinkling, or even the most remote appearance of allusion to any thing of the kind. H« can assign no plausible reason for the change of sprinkling into immersion, such as neces- sity, convenience, ^c. But we can shew from anci- ent authentic documents, y/hy and when immersion first began to be changed \\\io pourings which subse- r / ! 1 j 88 quently gave pince to aprinklitig Dr. Grny, spenk- ing of the third rentury, says, (pnge 244,) " In the beginning of this century Navntion— was baptized by affusion, as he lay upon his bed in sickness. In the middle of this century, we have an accobm of a Uoman sohJier, who brought a pitcher of water for St. Lawrence [in prison] to baptize him with." Here, then, we have in the third cenrnry— famous for innovations—the first instances of pouring or sprinkling for baptism, that can be found in an the records of antiquity. The circumstances are dis- tinctly stated, such as «' fying upon a bed," and '* bringing a pitcher of water;" to which there is nothing in any measure similar mentioned 'in any account of baptism given in the Bibfe. The reason afso why pruring was substituted for im- mersron in these cases is manifest, namefy, because these persons could not be immersed; and baptism was then deemed indispensable in order to salvation. It is plain, however, even from extracts made by Dr. Gray him^tjlf, (page 244, 245,) that it was a niatier of very serious donbt at that tnne among the Fathers, whether this change was aliowable in any case, or they were to be regarded as lawful Christi- ans" who had not been immersed. On this questloiii Cyprian gave bis opinion with "diffidence," saying,. *« 1 think the Divine benefits are in no degree dimin- ished;" adding, *Mn sacred rites performed as ne- cessity dictatesythrough Divine mercy Divine faveur is bestowed on those who sincerely btlieve.' jj % spenk- "In the imptized ess. la ihnt ofa ^nter for :h." -famous uring or 1 f\U the ire (lls- I," and there is 'in any The for im- hecaUse baptism Ivation. lade hy : was a )ng the ; in any Christi- uestioiii sayings dimin- I as ne^ faveur 89 Cni! any one imagine that if either pouring or sprinkling had been enjoined by the Savmur a!id practised by the Apostles, it would have been chang- ed into immersion — for which no occasion would arise from emergency, convenience, &c., at so early a period, and so universally, that none of the Christi- ans in the middle of the third century could have the slightest knowledge that any thing of the kind was ever practised? That such should hare been the case is morally impossible. It is an indisputable fact, that all the Greek Church — embracing those Christians to whom the Greek language is vernacular — invariably practise im- mersion to this day. It is also a matter of well au- thenticated history, that the rest of Christendom hkewise continued to immerse, except in cases of supposed emergency, till about the beginning of the fourteenth century. This is trankly acknow- ledged by many Pedobaptists who were well acquaint- ed with the subject. Bailey, in his English Dictionary, thus defines the word ^' Baptisteiy,^^ [Baptisterion, Gr.] is either the place or vessel in which persons are baptised, \n ancient times this being performed by immersion, the persons so initiated went into a river, See, and were plunged; but in the time ot Constantine the Great, Chapels or places on purpose to baptise in were built in great cities, which was performed in the Eastern and warm countries by dipping the per- sons^all over; but in process of time in the Western h WW 'ft 90 i 1 t. it and colder countries sprinkling was suhntituted ill the place of dipping, which [former practice of dipping] was the original of our fonts in Churches." Sir David Brewster, the learned Editor of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, (Article Baptism,) saysi *' Baptism in the apostolic age was performed hy immersion." O^" sprinl^ling" he says, ** It is prnha- 'jle that it was invented in Africa in the second cen- tury, in favor of Clinics, But it was so far from being approved of by the Church in general, that the Africans themselves did not account it valid. It v\a» not till 1311 that the Legislature, in a council held at Ravenna, declared immersion or sprinkling to be in- different. In this country (Scotland), however, sprinkling was never practised, in ordinary cascs^ till alter the Reformation. The Greek church Uni- versally adhere to immersion." Stackhouse, in his history of the Bible (Vol. iii. p. 20), says ^'Several authors have shewn, that we no where in Scripture reid of any one's being bai)tized but by immersion; and from the acts of Councils and ancient rituals, have proved, that this manner of im)^| inersion continued (as much as possible) for thirtet^n hundred years after Christ," It thus appears, not only that the word expressly denotes immersion, and that the circumstances recor- ded, and the allusions made in Scripture, ^exactly accord with this, but also that the most unquestion- able records o( history fully prove this to have been the original mode, which is still retained by that part 4 K^IEji jl).sci tilted ractice of lurches.'* jr of the m,) saysj )rme(1 liy t is prnba- icond cen- fiir from l1, that the 1. It was icil held at g to be in- however, ary caiioSj hurch Uni- Vol. iii. p. hat we no g baptized :)Uticils and inei* of ini^^ or thirtet^n I expressly nces recor- re, ^exactly inquestiou- have been by that part 91 of the Chri^tinn world best acquainted with the meaning of the original word, and that it was retained by the whole till a period of comparatively recei^tt date, when, (as appears from the Rubric of the Church of England) what had been at first permitted only in cases of necessity, was generally adopted a9 a matter of convenience. How, then, can any man» in the face of these numerous, clear, and irrefragable proofri, presume to censure the Baptist Missionaries in India for translating baplizo by such words as des- ignate immersion ? LETTER IX. £In answer to Mr» Trotter's 11th Letter.] It is not ray intention to give any offence by re- marking-— -what I presume no well informed man will deny — that the muss of Pedobuptists do no: deem it necessary to investigate the subject of baptism, be- cause they rest assured that the great nutnbers of learned men who have entertained their views coulf hardly be mistaken. But Mr. Trotter, to evade the ar£;uments drawn from concessions, has sedulously lahoured to prove, that *» learned Pedobaptists" have often mistaken the meaning of Scripture, and of par- ticular wonia used by the sacred %vriters. If Pedobapti^ts conceive that he has sncccedfid in t.4^j 1 : '■ s^ to render this theory la the ieaht degnc plnusible by aJilucing oren a solitary case in mv^ icj«.sure par- rallel. (Compare our second Letters.) Supposing that Mr. Trotter'd former series of Letters on this subject was concluded, I prepared a lleview of them; and, when an add-ionrd Letter appeared, I added a Postscript, in whica I briefly no- iced his reference to circumstances connected with jomplishment of lell withouij thai Ian evasion of the it were pr'^ve*! would not fol- the converts to 'baptism was in- |hat the Apostles It is not requi- it Beza and Glas- i^ological princi- Larts of the dks- r (Acts xix. 4. 5.) It baptized again. lo late Rev. JdUKis [iul dillerence be- / lible by re par- 'ies of pared a Letter fly no- I with ne wuuia u b> -V *ng of thtj reauur, to thit conclusion, provided the accoui mj: ol the proceedings of Baptists; but if th?j.« iha: ibc Jrw. to the proceedings of Baptist., he wc""'"^'*^'"cJ •••^her .uppose something else." But I put ^* »«''n'^ «« »»'' ^";- mon sense of the reader, whether he »«^''- ^tr «--^'» he had no other intimation respecting »»«^nded fur the tion to which the account referred. n^»»^ l'«^'^y;"» ^7, from any one of the circumstances'^ "*'*'" *^ cups, ' lu turn tn«DJ up- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. . rt> ^i? 23 WEST MAIN STREET WSBSTER,N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^\ ^if^ IP., B s ^ ^/ 92 (hi=j, it in to be hoped that the prop on which many inis-^ been accustotned to lean, will be remored, and thatthey 'vill perceive the necessity of seeing with their own eyea, and judging for themselves. ft might be easily shswH that Mr. Trotter's stric- unes on Bp. Lowth and Dr. Campbell are quite too censorious ; but it is neither necessary nor consistent for me to follow him so exceedingly far fix>m the sub- ject. Doubtless " learned Pedobaptists^' hare i^tnetimea u-adc incorrect remarks. The cas€s,howevcr,a€ldKced by Mr.Trotter,are by no means in point. Bp. Lowth tvould l>e much more liable to make a mistake in re- fcrence to an historical fact, than he would to admit Without reason, that some text of Scripture is deci- ilcdly against Episcopacy. So likewise Dr. Cam- f>l>ell might fall into an error in supporting a specu- lative hypothesis much .nore readily than he wou4d commit a like error by incorrectly defining some word in opposition to Presbyterianism. If either of them had tists ^ to unders my view live readi every tei ing the c that has bate. T ler him» 'S 95 Neither has Mr. Trotter l»een able to shew that too mach was conceded, by adducing a single excej)tio«i to the jirinciple hero laid down by this eminent Pe«istfl were constrained by convincing considerations to understand that text or word m accordance with my view of it, and in opposition to his. The atten- tive reader will observe that I have done this with every text adduced by my opponent materially affect- ing the controversy, and every controverted word, that has any real connection with the subject in de- bate. This surely ought to convince even Mr. Trot- ter himself, that he is wrcng, and 1 am right. I :1 '-1 - <^ ' f. 94 It may be aske.J, How oould those who practised 8,on In general they appear to have regarded the ah e to han-e >t, especially in cold climates • as i. evidently i„,i..,ated in the citations which 1 have g'vet. from Burkitt, Doddridce &p k^T, ■ - Whether the person t„ b^ tp^ed t ItiT «. and whether thrice or olce, or wle^ T left III -^ '»»»''?««««. Churches ought to be S mwes -iC" "" --'••''nS to the difference S ^|.e l>.a.tice or'the au'ci^ SLf ' " iSeVT »v. C. XX. Seer. |o ■» n« r^i, ■ V"«>'"uies, u. ill h!.r„ '' '^- Chalmers ikewise .av, i-bisCommem on Rom. vi.S, 4. " The „r! • ,' n'oanrng of ,he word bapti.m is imm! ^"'"' ihouifh we rp«nr,l ;, "'I'"'"" 's immersioa: nud ther theTr!! ^ ' " 'na'ter of indifference, whe- tuer the ordinance so n^med I» performed !„ ... or by sprinkling, yet we doubt not^tZ LT'"'. lent s^yle of administration in theAVl^ .^ '""^ ^he actual submerging Of th::tfeV:n^^^^^^^ o..J.et against .he\Z:::: Tnat TCistTir ..onar.es in India with any shew of cLZy ;sfn t I' onlntr"""""""" """'•««•' ««--'" >«c.s.o„ .„ those warm regions, where bathing i. con- td If tm.iuU!y vn.ctUb.l for rcfreshn.cnr. V^ as .^ho., Le to sever the Jh).».1 of union l.y vv.thhol l.ng th« S;S.:tribnted l.y Ba,«ists.h..n..h.s-« .o^V;^^ constantly .lepo.iting their .uoney m «"«-«"; fr«.n the Versiwis ma.le Uy tl.eir i.vl.«.ouaiies, «oiely ; . „ uLa relalMt" »<» a u«»«ter af indifference .n because a uoi.t '«"'•'""'.., honest .nca, «ho flipir estimation vv.\s ir<"»»*"'Sa "J' »"'"= ' ,:» :.V.hatth.yc.nhl».t conscientious y ~«. its .ueaning by leaving it ""'^^ "'•"' ,,f "'J ,"« Lt ^m sectarian feoUng coul.l possibly have protuptea then, to the adoptiou of such aa mcons.st- erit course.* ^ ..,k.» hnva It is to be observed, n.oreover, that 8o:ne who ha^ « practised spriukling. aware that """--">" ;^;; ^"^^ original mode, would have adopted ... had they not — voprr ^ -11 «f R.hles- ami he recoiumein»^^ tc Bihlfc boci- s^f .£f f V i^e to f,:i;tiieT;"" hI rar^:: « &ra Uronicle." Feb. S4th and Mar. 23. ,'■>.. Mfiwtmrii*'. m 'I' Milin iWPHW K IMWM > .'";•" •-"»' <''»v.. I.V o,,,K>.i.ioo. Th.w Lather say, I >v..ul.l Lave th..,e who are to be \u,otizeT^, « c...e.bcr .,i,,,o.. i„ ...e ....er. a, tlleTo^le^, '"7',""'' "'« >"y*'o>y .loth .ijjnify... '*•"' ^* AiMl Dr,. Stoor ,m,l Fh.,t, Lutheran,, say, .< ,, Koin vJ .1 .1 » 1 reini-rks m his note on »t'»'» . VI. 4. ihat the ^vonls " Buried whh K- i '<' baptize a chMd of M p' ." T^"' " ' '^•^ «*''«<• Savannah. B . mL p . "i"' '''"°"'' '"^""r "^ "<»• I will -onslntth. ; 7" " ^""'*^'- M'- P- t'C' that your thil.l is we-.fc T 1^' ■ • '^^°" "«•■- «ce, the Kuhric say In ""*""«''• » *»'" »"f- I ^ •» -i«v, (ne cniifJ m not WA»ir . Ki«» r «<•• it shall not be ,lip„e,( • » Th: ' "" '■*'°'''- luve nbt iiiaofi twelv^lVirofoiigeliar^g^ttifr liftli of which wan, <* llefnisitigtd tt«ptisi» Mr, Pnr^ kcr's chM ofberivi^ than Ky fiifipiit^, exeept ihk panetita tvotiH3 certify it i/if%i i^eak, antl m>t abfe to Naf It." (Rev. J. Weiiky»d loornal, vol. i. p, l^r, 198, *i28.) ** This arguraent'* it wouhl seem, he lU^oukl not oort fate," Heith^ eoahl he withstand h^ for I am i»ot aware that he fever attenipted to eafbrce imtnersion afterwards. V, ' * Ffoiii whatever cause it mffkhave proceefleii.thei'^ have undeniably beejui great nltllljers of fearhetitn^n •i***niefl of indepemji^iii tmndi','°1 such coHCejtsiofiH liefeftuse t>thers have praojSJed sprinkHifg, ahd yel mitted tlj/fit irnmepsion #as^ orrgl have m£i\e the concession sitnpJy fro»^ieir know- Jed^^f the meaning of the original w^jg used,— sojIRe with refei-eiice to the circainstan^ eonnect©aptism to he baptiaed with," eai> oompeiled to admit distinctly that it unquestionably refers to immersion as the mode originaily practisetl. A sample of these may suffice. Rev. George L. Huyiloc a learned Roman Catbolic, who pwbli§be ing the person baptized under the water, in which he finds a resemblance of Christ'ti death and burial un* der ground, and of His resurrection to immortal life." ^ Rev. A. Clarke, on Col. ii. 12. '< Buried with him in baptism," ^c, snys, alluding to the immer" iions practised in the case of odultSf wherein the person appeared to be buried under the water, as Christ was buried in the heart; of the earth. His rising aguin the third day, »nd their emerging from th9 water, was an emblem of the resurrection of the body." Dr. Albert Barnes, an eminent Presbyterian Expositor, makes the following cautious but full ad« mission on Rom. vi. 4. '< It is altogether probable that the Apostle in this place had allusion to the cus-* ^tom of baptizing by immersion. This cannot, in- leed, be|9rov^c?, so as to be liable to nO objection; mt 1 presume that this Is the idea which w6uld itrike the great mass of unprejudiced readers. Mr. Trotter has evinced prudence in not referring It all to these texts, since,as Sir David Brewster can* lidiy admits, (Encyclopedia, in Baptism,) *^ Whpa / f..:- \ ■rill iiiHiiMfiw ^ ^^Igl^^H^^^^^ If - B * lOO Pt^llffiW^ rfiat wo are all bnriecT w?»fc Christ in bap- tSm, and niiBed agatii, he nbt only alJudes to imiiier- sian, llttt upoii^ttny other supposition iliere would be ho propriety iti fhli metaphor which he employs.**^ 1 remark, in conclusion, that, not only does the 'whole Gi^etk Church retain immersion, and the (Jil«k6r», dr Friendsi allow this to be the orii^inul mode, but this is also admitted generolly by learned men of the Chiiiroh of Rome, of the Lutheran Churchy and of the Church of England, (in accordance with their Rubric,) and likewise by great numbers of the first scholar* among the different bodies of Dissen- ters that practise s|>«inkrmg, I leave it to the read^t er to judge whether 1 have not ** brought the matter at once to the test of the Scriptures, shewing by fair, and legitimate ciiticism, that the passages whioh i refer to, mean what I assert, and nothing else.** A- ware, however, of the immense pov^et^C ^J?^ H4*^- dice of education, 1 have shewn, by a few plain quo- tations,— to which I could easily have added many more-- that the rendering of the word baptiza by words signifying to immerse, is fully sanoiioned by many eminently learned Pedobaptists, of various de- nominations, who have net implicitly followed other* in this, but have from personal examination been constrained by their consciences to own, *« that the paf«sag2s which w« refer to, mean what we assert, and nolhingelse," namely, that they prove immer- sion to be the mode practised by the first Preachers of the Gospel of Christ . \ 101 n liap- mtiier- ulthat the converts were baptized '* in the river, ^ are decisively against sprinkling and in favour of immersion, he cannot abide by the Translation made by his Pedobaptist brethren, but insist* that apo, en. ami eis (Mark i. 10.) should not have been transla- ted as rhey • re, out o/and m, but «/rom" and - ^' iide.-' But I am content with the Peught ta eferenc** ictice of rs trans* But it n of tbe riecl ine nd had Baptist BibSe, mother, favour g-th she ere im- sys her •epiieii, ate."— ^»e ever y n«eiN R true 103 people for whom the principal fmrtw of th» New Testament were at first written, were not'* fast'Mtiou# Greeks," hue Jews, who, being aequninted with Sy- riac ur Hebrew, probably understood these word« l>etter thnn they uiiderstuo import of the Divine statute, ami made known the will of God, ii< the pUinest :erm?i» W.*ien liiany of the Jews, having been born in Chul- dea, knew th^ Chaldee language only, Eyra and his cokdjuiors *• rend in the book of the law of God dis- tinirtiy, and gave the sense, and caused them to im- derstand the leadings." (Neh. viii. 8.) Moreover,. Mr. Trotter's argunierit is utterly overturned by hi* bwn statement ; for he m^'intains that CHjr Lord usetl the Syriac word " Amad,"* which the ins^ \red wri- mmmmmmmmmmmm * In addition to the decisive proofs ad their versions are faithfully and correctly made, according to this principle,which must commend itself to every candid mind, it is evidently the height of Iniustfce to call them " 8«?ctarian." That Drs. Carey, Marsh- man, Yates, utld their colleagues— men of unques- tionable moral integrity, and excellent scholarship- executed their \rork>iiA/w%, will not be ques^tionT e^ by every inan who formi a correct estitnate of their characters. The cbmuiittee of the British j& Foreign Bible Society, speaking" of *' the excel- llent Dr. Carey," " expresses their long cherished odmiratron of his talents, mid his piety:" and re- iriark^ with reference to translating the Scriptures ituo the languages of India, " For this arduous un^ dertakinghe was qualified in an extraordinary de - gree." Report, 1835, p. 61. 62.) The learned Dr. Buchanan, (in his Christian Researches,) calls Drs. ;arey and Marshman, " two men whose names will robably ,^o down to the !atest posterity, as faith- fulTran'sTatdrs of the Holy Scriptures." The Rev. John Angell James, a worthy PeiliSbaptist, says. The iBaptists-could boast of such Veneratea lames as those of Dr. Carey, Marshman, and tVard," and that the denomination has done as luch as nearly all dthers, to furnish, by tlieir trai.a- uions of the Scripture^, th^ elements oflife, and i •I .% .■-, .■...i..^Mi^4 - 106 * i- h • ;(. H I the Inmp of Salvation^ to the teeming nations of Hindostan,'* (Essays on Chriatian Union, p. 190.) Even Mr. Trotter himself, as I hare shewn in my firit Letter, is constrained to commend *' the spirit of these Translaiors. That they have translated the word baptizo cor-^ rectly has, I humbly trust, been sufficiently evinced in these Letters. Mr. Trotter's utter failure to pro^ duce even a solotary instance to the contrary, must itself be qtiite sufBcient to convince any unprejudiced man, that the word literally signifies neither more nor less than e- Bt thetn • spfink" r Pedo-i bear td nd scho- td in ac- srnative, )rd lock- IB we did 83^, up- l of coil- efuse to bbur by le bread, and re- , or the » and itii conten-* nd to be liffusion. 9 109 All Bible Societies, both the Biitish and Foreign, and those that on different accounts are separate from it, as the Edinburgh, the Trinitarian, and the American and Foreign, should regard each other, not as rivals or antagonists, but as allies and coadju- tors in the great and glorious work of disseminating the sacred Oracles oi the living God to earth's re- motest bounds. I shall now close these Letters with a fevv general remarks on that series of Letters which has called them forth. U Attentive readers of controversy need not bo told, that the disputant who has a good supply of ir- refragable arguments, usually remains calm, and treats his opponent in a respectfui manner; while he whose arguments are exhausted and refuted, feels disposed to rail, and readily avails himself of the slightest pretext to " relieve him, ' as Mr. Trotter says of himself, " from any farther obligation to ob- serve the rules of decorum." Unable to find m any of my communications one single harsh or uncour- teous expression he professes to take umbrage at a harmless question, asked civilly and in good i^a- .ture, and hence claims the privilege of charging m^ uWemoniously with " ignorance," " unfairness," *« abetting falsehood,"* &c. . 1 entreat my friends, * Mr Trotter charges me with " alietting false- hood" because I have not «« abetted his charge 4- l m0 ;l I % k^ no hoWever,~^an(l I set them the example— not to en- tertain any unkind feeling toward Mr. Trotter— and g-ainsi Dr. Warlay of having publicly told a gross falsehood." Paul says, »* against an elder receive not an accusation, hut before tvvo^or three witnes- ses.'* (I Tim. V. 19.) Mr. Trotter, however, "re- ceives" reitfiratea thi» very seriou» " accusation a- gainst nn elder]'— whose long continued high moral standing, both in Europe and America, renders it utterly mcredible that he should have intentionally uttered an untruth— on the vague statement of one of his opponents, who represents him as having de- nied Henderson to be a classical scholar, or compe- tent to judge in the case." Whatever mistake or misunderstanding there may have been, 1 have no intention to intimate that any person designould easily have quoted as much Latin from these Authorv^; but I have taken pains to avoid per- plexing the English reader by unnecessary quota- tions in oUier languages: and where the introduction i. ae \i 112 5. There are four other marks by which it may usually be ascertained that a ^\riter is advocating an unscriptural system: — 1, He is obliged to put an forced and unnatural construction on some plain text. S. He adduces obscure passages, and such nsi have no relation to the subject, in support of his view. 8. He i« under the necessity of proposing corrections of the authorized Translation, in order to render certain texts more favourable to his own system. 4. He does not keep closely to the point in debate,but makes frequent and wide digressions, ex- patiating on matters that have little or no conn»c« tion with it. The reader who has attentively ex- amined Mr. Trotter's Letters, does not require to be informed that the marks of these advocacy of an unscriptural view are conspicuous in them. They are manifest in his remarks on numerous texts, {as 2 Kings V. 14; Job ix. 81; laa. Hi. 15; Mark i. 5,9,10; John iii. 23; Acts viii. 85, 88; 1 Cor. xv. 29; ;H«b. jx. 4, 10, &c.,) in his strictures on Dr. Campbell — whom he accuses of *• jugglery ''—and in his length- ofsHJ:h words has b«en unavoidable, 1 have been carciui it! render the whole as plain as possible by Liai>j(iUting rranslaiions. As to Mr. Trotter's charge of v^(u;jf j,Mrt of his )roposing in order his own d point in iiions, e,K- 3 connwc- ively ex- Bquire to icy of an h They exts, {as i. 5,9, lOj 29; iH«b. iinpl)eU — is length- ave been )ssible by charge of 1(1 wiliing tent judg- trantilate (lages. 113 enetl dissertations on the cuatorna of the heathen, Stc. 3. Mr. Trotter appears to be generally regarded as one of the most learned Pedobaptist ministers in Nova Scotia; he has certainly long had experience ill controversy, in uhicb he is considered a champi- on: and he informs us in the " Advertisement'* to his Letters in pamphlet form, that he " |>aid par- ticular att' -^^ion to the subject discussed in them, in his younger years, and they exhibit the result of his inquiry respecting it." Unlike rny other opponents, he has manifestly come to the point at issue, and pMblisbetl a series of twelve letters " on the meaning of Baplizo,'* to ijrove that the Baptist Transiator* in India have done .wrong in translating this won! by words signi- fying to immerse. But what has he done? He says, (Letter I.) " 1 do not pretend that baptizo means to sprinkle." He admits that in the classics it signi- fies ^o tmmerse; but endeavours to *' maintain that the Jews changed its meaning," and promises, (Let- ter H.) to " make it certain." He has not, how- ever, rendered this in the least degree probable; since Hie has not adduced a solitary case in any measure parrallel. He has, incleed, '* made it cer- tain" that the Jews did not chknge the meaning of baptizo\ since he has shown, (»n his former Letters) that Josephus, who was a Jew, used it express- ly to denote plunging a person Under water. As be \ A I m U4 • ht. n«t !;aen able ,o produce eren one instance ... «h,ch ,he .rord U u,e,l li.ernllv to signify TZ more or e.s ,..„n lo .„«..„, ,hiU the circumstan- ces .eco.de,! and the allusions made in Scripture .la.nly corn.l.oratc this sen..,, it n.ust surely I J «p paren to every person who i. not. as Mr. Trotter It affords me sincere pleasure to notice, in ,he conclusion of Mr. Trotter-s Letters, one ^enerou! «nd fnendly remark, namely, « There are men of pr.nc.ple among the Baptists." This I most cordi- Mly reciprocate. Among the Pe.Iol.aptists I have ma ILZf^ r1'' r^""" ' '"8'''y "''"'>"'■ Should severity, I beg to assure them that nothing of the kmd has been intended by me; though I have de! "gned to use great'plalnness in all cases. Some may .magme, also, that I. and other Baptists, attach too mch importance to baptism; but such is not the cn^e, J do, mdeed, regard it as important that everv command of God .hould be strictly obeyed J^ am well aware that baptism, however scriptira ly a Immistered. will not be of the least avail where the heart ,s not renewed oy Divine grace. terand ml"!:,? ""*'"' '"^''"""^ ""«'"''" ^r. Trot- tei and myself, ., a practical question of vast mo- m instance y eiiher umsinn- Ji-ipture, y 1*0 ap- Trotler iitijrnn,' 'rang to IS prov- in the snerou.-^ men of t corcJi- ive ma Should r, tiscd of the ive de- ne may 3h too ot the every ji>ut I :urally re the !15 m^nt. If th« versions made by Buptiait Mt«KtoiiHrieji in inUin, which he ami my other opponents con- clemn, and for the supporting of which they have put mo on the defttn^ive, bo not countenanced and sustanied, great numbers of the ,)erishing heathen, into whose Umguages no other versions are made, must long remain utterly de^^titute of the holy Scri|»- tures, which are able to iimke them wise i'lito sal- vation. I should therefore cou.'iider myself guilty of a gross dereliction of imperative duty, if I had not exposed and refuted the groundless objections * sedulously raised against these versions, which might If' otherwise tend to wi]hhold the lamp of life, now i4f lighted, from those who are " sitiing in the region ami shadow of death," and to snatch the <;up of sal- vation, now reached forth, from the lips parching with thirst for " the water of life.'* Yours, Respectfully, CHARLKSTUPPEK. Amhcrsl, 1848. Trot- t mo- ; / ••- RIUIAT.A.* Pnffc 18, rii^ 13, fnr *' friii/,-» read first «* 33,'* a; fori- any." «* my. M 41, u .^2, «< •« *» Pool Syno|i«" Poo/e'i Synopses, «* 42, '* 26, " **nntupnal,'»*« flerna^ "..43,'^' 10, <* ** Knn?ihhull,» KnaUhbulL -* ftO, "6, '« '''his,'' " Mm. •«. 5ar, «*, 30, «' "MaBon." fVatson. ' ••* 58. «*" 26, " " prncti«erf. 5, ** " advocate," udvocales. 8, «« *» bipiism," baptisma. '« 103, " 14, «♦ ** statute." s