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Lorsqiie le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichii, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, e^ de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cesseire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. rata lelure. J 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 mm '%\ BE NOR \ ■'':.:: :ti'i.: • Ej ( n .^ T«J S3 'SAT ES lEt TO tHE PAMPHLET ENTITLED ^'S;|e %estiott of % letmiims" — OF TIIK — BRANCH OF THE PACIFIC RAILWiY -^ON THE — JVOKTH SHORE OF LAKE SUPERIOR, PUnUSIlED IN THE INTEREST OF FOltT WILLIAM /i AND THUNDER BAY. v_ ; . Ot^ ^OME INTEREST TO THE PEOPLE OF CANADA. / , m Factoh R0B£1B.T CRAWrORD' Hon. Hudson Bay Co., Eed Rock, Nii'Egon, Lake Siii'Eiuo». C O L L I N G W O O D : RINTED BY JOHN JlOaO, ^' ENTERPTUSir' OFFICE. . . 1874. ■ ■ ' .f^i: ih: '^^r' ^'- i.^ ^.. i!:-r.ri i> '- 1 BiMW^''^ '^^ ^ V V! '>rf !:)/'! •5 M f ' t / V VVxU'^' l.MV/ :\ i\H'>^' ■ ■' ' ■■> '^ ^■- ! J JO J ■AH'V/i\'A"\ It ' '* - -\. iv isr s "W E R TO THE PAMPULET ENTITI^D . i I ■ ■ ..('!!!?• i ;. f'-f u THE QUESTION OF THE Terminus of the Branch of the Pacific Raiiwa/^ ' ON THE NORTH SHORE OF LAKE SITPERIOR. By SOEEBT CRAWFORD. , !•. IS) YJJ'i --•-«•♦■»— To the Members of Parliament of the Dominion of Canada ; By arrival of steamer to-day, twentieth of July, 1874, I received a copy erf a Pampklet treating on a question which deeply eoncerns all true Canadians, especially the tax payers, viz: " The question of the Teiminus of the Branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway" on the North Shore of Lake Superior, and claiming to show the advantage of 'I'hunder Bay over Nipegon Bay for such terminus. . I beg here to state that I have not been asked to reply to said Parii- phlet, but will try to do so for general information and for the sake of truth. I considei that it would be wrong on ray part to let such a tissue of falsehoods as is contained in the Pamphlet go unan- swered. The merit of either Bay as a terminus I leave to the ge itlemen appointed by the government; seeing it is their duty and profession tft f(u an affi- davit was rather a serious master ; now I find that it is a very simple affair. I am not lawyer enough to know whether the person falsely swearing, in such a matter as this, could technically be said to commit perjury, bwt T should think he would morally. Then what are we to think of those men who get others to make oath on a suoject of which they, witli but one exception (James McCallum alias James Goodman), from first to last can knoV notlr ing by personal experience, and the most prominent of whom can neither read nor write ! Did Peter Deschamps, M. Lambert, or Michel Collins, sign their names? if they did, as we are led to understand, ^hat accomplishment in common with the rest of their affidavit must have been learned for the occe.sion. Otherwise D. M. Blackwood, Commissioner, omitted the name of witness to their mark, and there- fore when Mr. Robert Mr.itland, Clerk of the Municipality of Shuniah, certifies that these certificates and affidavits are true copies of the originals, he certifies to an impossibility. In some of the affidavits great stress is laid on the season of 1872. I will use it as a sort of criterion, and as being a year of which I can speak from personal experience. The first statement is made by Capt. Ben. 'I'ripp, of the steamer Ontario, in which he say« as follows; " Nipegon Bay is at least two . irable e voiy jmark !ming, ended Nepi- oa all of the 'A]. would Id, has rncnis e been s knew names an affi- simple falsely commit [o make (James \v notlr lom can • Michel erstand, vit must ckwood, k1 therc- ^huniah, 2S of the of 1872. icli I can steamer east twO . " weeks oarlior in opening-, and one month later in closing than *' Thunder Bay is," wliick is saying too ranch, for ke can know noth- ing on the matter but by report. Of one tiling I am sure. Captain Tripp never in his life saw ice in Nipegon Bay in any quantit)"; and I very much question if that quantity was not in the water cooler or steward's meat safe. In the next place he says ; " It would be necessary to have a large '' tug employed to tow the Hiailing vessels up the Bay." ■ ■'' I agree with him there ; and more than that will say that it would take more than one, even supposing thoy were of the capacity of the lug Wales,{se(i 4th Vol. of the Canadian Tlhistrated News, p, 116, 19th j^ugust, 1871). I would ask Captain Tripp how many ports of any importance in the Dominion of Canada or in the United States are without tugs. Toronto and Port Hope are hoth situated on a Inke of some size; would Captain Trjpp iaform himself as to whether any tugs are employed at those ports. He then says: "It is impo.-sible to get into the outer entrance of " Nipegon Bay more than three times out of five, owing to the dense *' log that prevails in the Bay and vicinity, and owing to the shallow- " nesR of the Bay." In answer to this mistatement, I say that dur- ing the season of 1873, Captain Orr, of the steamer Chicnra, made in all seventeen trips to the North Shore of Lake Superior, and that he called at lied Rock sixteen timen; and Captain Symos, of the stenmer Manitobahns been to the "vharf here every trip this season (up to 8th of Augus% 1874,) with the exception of the first, and he could have come that trip, also, had he tried in going up instead' of when coming down. Captain Tripp had hotter, therefore, go and overhaul his arithmetic. Nipegon Bay is no n7ore subject to fog than any other Bay on the Lake. As for the shalloAvness of the Bay, if Captain Tripp is right, Admiral Bayfield, and Messrs. Fleming and Dickinson, Civil Engineers, must have made a mistake in their figures. Still as Capt. %)rr, Capt. IMac- grcgor, Capt. Parsons, Capt. Symes, never found any diiliculty, for want of water, in coming into Nipegon Bav by night or by day, surely Captain Tripp could not have come in the same way as they did; he ought t3 make enquiries. Again he says: " Thundc Bay is deep enough to be used by the ** largest vessels that will ever sail on the Lake." Twm^ Thereby insinimtinj^ that Nipegoti Bay is not. About what f>eriod . '\ of the world's existence does Capt, Tripp expect vessels to be built ij' =' drawing over thirty-six feet of water? His next statement is that* ,r •"> ** The moutkof tlie Kuministiquia is capable of holding the largest I'i'V " fleet that sails on the Lake, and, according to Any experience of |.|!j; "eighteen years sailing, it is the best harbor on Lake Superior."s;:/.'vt.> j<> For his own sake, as he claims to be a sailor, I would advise him-;i to overhaul his geography, and think of what he says. He must be r.f -^ thinking of the Hudson Bay Company's cows, which swim ovgr to be l milked, and then swim back again every morning and evening, from v;' r.f whatever point uf their pasture land they muy happen to be, or if not; ;;;,^ he has been readin^Gulliver'sTravcls,and is thinking of the Lilliputian ..r ' . fleet. His chart, if he carries one, can tell him that the Karainisti- r;ii quia Eiver from bank to bank does not exceed three hundred feet. 'I if' Perhaps he means to lay the fleet stem and stern athwart the River,-::; The reader of the above extract might easily think that the.eightecn '^ ' * years' sailing mentioned by Captain Tripp was passed by him on ' ^ Lake Superior. If wo put down said expciienee on Lake Superior a^ ■ ' two years, we shall be nearer the mark. My own father, Captam -'^ Andrew Crawford, has sailed across the Atlantic for more than three ''' ' and a half times eighteen years, and although he also has been on ■ -'^ Lake Superior, 1 very much doubt his ability to say whether or no ■ ' ' the Kaministiquia is the best harbour on the Lake. Captain Tripp ''' says in conclusion: "In fact if I were compelled to call at Red"'''^'' *' Rock, or Nipegon as it is called, every trip, I should leave the Lake' '[■• ) "altogether." ,^ -. lao) Canadians, cbUhfrymen, and lovers, pause !' Think, oh fhiinlt of ' '^ what fate awaits you ! If with the mercenary intention of saving*?' "' some millions of dollars you decide that the terminus of the Canadiari '': Pacific Railway on Lake Superior should be located onNipegonBay '^ ' Captain Tripp will leave the Lake. Pause, e'er it be too late ! * '' ,., We next come to Capt. J. B. Synnes' letter in which iie says that '«' ^.',!^v "Thunder Bay is easier of access both at night and foggy weather',?. J «« than Nipegon Bay, having a wider^entrance and deeper water, and"^!"'' ^' one lighthouse and fog bell would make it perfectly safe at all ''I!'! "times ; whereas, Nipegon Bay would require several lighthouses tQ^^'^l< " make it safe, as the channels are narrow and the water not so d^eep." Now I would ask Captain Symes, did he ever since his first trip tOfp,[ »> D(l ,' »• ■•;!). ofi>,;i; • lO --,!(; m { (■ be :;f -J b'J ? '■ ! i 'HI >-;-i;r '{■!'■ 01; ,/■;:) UO iin f'-'''.. < / 1 { : ti- i':it .. li;r et. iirv :j ; or. ::^- ■)(l, tMr\ '. ' ' 1 -.! ••.! '•• no ' ' PP "'■' ed ''^'' -1.. . ! I (1 ke -r'; .i!-^ Of -' 'Ig- ■■'■^ • i-!.^ an : , -dli " ; ii<} n* J^J ■ Nipeffon Bay, n's master of the steamer Algoma, find any difiiculty, by night or by day, in coming into Nipegon Bay owing to the narrow, ness or shallowness of its channels ? Or if he, as a sailor, will say that there is any portion of Simpson's ' Channel less .han one mile in width, or of a less depth of water than ten fathoms ; or any portion of St. I^Aace ^ Channel with a lest width than a quarter of a mile, and with a less depth than two and a half fathoms 1 ! can say that I have known Capt. Symes, than, whom no better seaman, comes to this port, bring his steamer through .all hours of the twenty-four, daylight ard dark, without any lighthouse, and I never heard him express himself as troubled by want of room, or want of water at any point beiween this wharf and Battle ''Island. . \..jirji .^.m -w^yji on.v ■ ' But I here declare that on the 29th June, 1874, Captain Symes did in the presence of Ca|>tain Anderson, master of the the new steamer Quebecy voluntarily tell n?e that he had that day carefully sounded, and the loAvest water he found on the Bar of the Nipegon River, was sixteen feet. I understood then that the soundings had been taken, for the satisfaction of Captain Anderson, whose steainer is expected to draw more water than those on the Collingwood line. As to fog, supposing Captain Symes left the Sault Ste Marie, as master of a steamer with the best of bearings and weather, en route for the North Shore of Lake Superior, and after a run of two hundred miles a fog bank came down upon him ; what difference would there be between Thunder Bay and Nipegon Bay, as to bis venturing in, and so risking the lives of the passengers arwl crew under his care ? In the next place, he says, " As regards the Kaministiquia River And " Nipegon River, there is no comparison with regard to room, as the "one is navigabh; for nearly fourteen miles and Nipegon Kiver is "only navigable for two miles. On the Kaministiquia Kiver " the banks arc high and docks can be constructed anywhere " along the Kiver ; Nipegon River is marshy and it would be trouble- "some to build docks. ' ;;: ; ;'^". '"':.. ' ';''"^ ,vCaptain Syiaes does well to say nearly fourteen miles. To be correct he must lessen the distance by four miles at least, and ware he to jump off the Manitoba at the mouth and go afoot, the distance woula be reduced to six miles, and he would arrive at the head of navigation before her. The following is an extract from Harmon's 1 and 2.— Tho principal channels through which the steamers enter and leave Nipegon Bay. .3.— An Island outsiote of St. Ignace. .. ^ ^ ^ . . , . ^ ;. J •■' —L .,* w ^T ,^^ f iUii 8 Joiiiiml ; " New Fort, or as it is c«allc(l by tlie uativos Kaministicjuia, "is built on tke bank of Doj,' River, which is a considerable stream «' that empties into Lake Sai)erior, about four or Hv(! hundred rods «' below the Fort. The vessel thnt runs on the Lake can come witn ** a part of her ladinj^ quite up 1o the «inay before the Fort." As to the high banks of the Kamiuistiquia theyfexist only in his imagination. I would ask him if he ever saw or heard tell of a cellar in the whole Mtablishment of Fort William; and how long it is since he found out that Admiral Bayfield made such a mistake as to mark on his map as low and swampy all the country along the so-called navigable part of the Kamiuistiquia. Any person who reads his letter, and who lias been to the two places, would naturally suppose that Captain Symes (like Captain Tripp) meant the reverse of wkat he has written. I would ask Captain Symes it he d.-'es not think it would be a wise pro<;aution to recommend the erection of semaphores at both ends of those Iburtecn (?) mile::; to notify when a steamer would leave cither end. We next come to the' extracts from the Hudriun Bay company's Journal, as certified to by John iyiclnt;yre. us follows : — 1837 - 1811 - 1842 - 184.3 - 1859 - 1860 - 1861 - 1862 - I8r3 - 1864 - 1865 - 1866 - 1867 - 1868 - 1869 - 1870 * 1871 - 1872 I-'.- 1873 - <■-: The date of the opening of Thunder Bay in 1872 is stated above to have been 6th May ; whereay I have u 1 jtter lium John Mclntyre* opening: CLOSlNCi. . - May 4th. ' 1838 - - December 28th. - - May 19th, 1840 - December 31st, - - April 26th. 1841 - - January 2nd. - - May 6th. 1842 - December 30th, - - May 5th. 1859 - - December 27th. - - May 6th. 1860 - IX^cembcr 25tli. - - May lOtk. 1861 - lkM:ember 30th. - .' - May 14tk. 1862 - December 30th. m ' vn;ideriul bay closed 30th Deccml r, 1862, and again 3rd Januarv, 180:!, four days afterwards ; agnin 2fe'fh Wee, 1868, and 4fh January, 18G9, nine days afterwards; further com- ment would be supcrfluou^. The next on the tapis is John McLaurin, whose afKdavit runs this: " I, John McLnuvin, of the Village of Fort William, in the "district of Thunder Bay, Sailor, and Fnr trader, make oath and " say that Nipegon Bay does not open in the spring until fifteen or " twenty days after 'I hunder Bay, and the channel at Nipegon is very ''dangerous; I have, when junuing the tug Watchman last year, '■■ ciirown the lead and supposed I was in deep water, and found the 10 V(! *' depth of water fifteen feet where I supposed we could not find •• bottcni." Truly a narrow escape ; it is to be hoped the tug Jl'alcJnnan did no^ sutler IVoni the smeli of the bottom of the supposed bot- tomk^ss bay. It eertainly i?a pity that all sailors could not take a leaf out of Mr, MoLaurin^s book nnd throv/ the lead, even supposing the bottom to have dropped oui ; if thoy did we should have less accidents. Perhaps, IMr. McLanrin, ouilor, will iiiform us bow much water the tujc WaUhnuifi was drawing. The next paragraph of tlie afiidavit reads hs follows : " The waters at Nipegou Bay are very " shaUow, and not as fit lor the construction of a havbor as Thunder ** Ray ; that I hav? no property at Prince Arthur's i.andingj have *' some town property consisting of live acres on Hiver Kaministiquia, " and have an interest in five thousand acres of mineial property " below and near Nijvgoa Bay, but in the jniblic interest I have, at ** the request of my iViends at Fort William and Prince Arthur's •' Lauding, made this attidavit." But in the public interest, Mr. McLaurin omitted to state, the said live thousand acres of miaeral projxirty below and near Nipegon Bay are at least lorty miles iVcm any projxiscd terminus on Xi|vegon Bay; and that his five acres of town property on the River Kainini>ti- quia an* locatec! at the exact spot v/here he hopes *he terminus will lvt\ it he, and his eonally disinteR^steii (?) friends sneceeil in having the terminus at Thunder Bay. The next paragraph reads ; "That " hist spring I \e\\ Prince Arthurs Laudinj; on the 15th day of May, "' alter the arrival el the third steamer from t'oUingwood and Sarnia ** (rather vague), and went to Nipegon B;iy, and found it closed up ** as in winter, the ice being at least eighteen inches thick ; and to ** reach the Pic I was obliged to run outside the Island cl >'t- Ignace.** Mr. r-impb«U, of New York, \eti Prince Arthur's Laadin? by lirst . trip a! the steamer Chiearay 17th of May, XS73, which iron ressel took sis hours to make the run ot eighteen miles between Prince Arthur's Tending and Silver islet on ace"»ant of being obliged to cat her \»-ay ihrvnigli the ice. This fact will give the ii^der an idea ©f tbe o|Vi\oe;-s f Thimdei Bay a* the time of wfceii Jolm McLaaria kJ^ it two days e:.-'-. H . howeVer, forgets tofaTaii¥tiiii>g:ab&ist tltiit» -Mid does Uy.i ..^|<.4ir :o Lave seen any «« fill lie aitired at Kipegou Biiy, Mi. Campbt-^li kl\ stieamei at Silver Isle*. €«Miti3Qia» his 'foar^r ia 11 a bark canoe and came direct to and through Nipegon Bay, 20th of May, without dilficnlly, arriving at Ked Ivock wharf on tho morning oilhe 22nd of Mny, 1873 ; truly a trying climate where we are closed up as in winter in the bcginni)ig of the week, and, during the rest of that week, have weather to melt eighteen inches of solid ice, so that a bark canoe can come to us without even a scrrtch. But T cannot sec what business he (Mr. McLaurin) had at Nipegon Bay, seeing it was quite out of his way in going ''o the Pic, and, in fact, the captain of a steamer on his way to the Pic from Prince Arthur's Landing would be very unlikely to know vrhcther there was any ice in Niregon Bay or not, unless in the public interest, especiallj'' at the request of his friends at Fort William and Prince Arthur's Land- ing, he made a special point of finding out. Again, whyshould.he object to go outside the Island, seeing that it is the proper course taken by steamers 1 Fnt, perhaps, Captain McLaurin, sailor and fur trader, believes in the Hon. John Young's theory that the shortest way from Montreal to Liverpool is via. Lake Champlain, or that the longest way round is the shortest way home. Why else would he want to come infcide of St. Ignace Island in going to the Pic, thereby increasing his run by at least one-third. Let us now see how much truth there is in the affidavit of War- rington Pritchard, '' I, Warrington Pritchard, of the village of Fort " William, District of Thunder Say, sailoi, make oath and say, - "as follows : ' That Thunder Bay {jenerally opens about the tenth "or fifteenth day of May, sometimes earlier biu never later than "the fifteenth ; that Nipegon Bay does not open for twelve or fifteen " days after Thunder Bay opens every year. That in the year 1872 "I was chartered to take a Mr. Scott, a Provincial Land Surveyor, " from Prince Arthur's Landing to Nipegon Bay, and the said Scott " landed at Prince .' vthur's Landing on the 1.5th of May, 1872, that " after the arrival at Fort William of the third boat of that season " from Collingwood, we sailed from Fort William for Nepigon Bay, "and upon our arrival at Nipegon Bay, two days afterwards, we " found the Hay full of ice as in the depth of winter, the ice being " perfectly solid, and of the thickness of from a foot to eighteen inches, "after laying there tAvo dnys we ran about sixty miles around "to the north east side of the Bay, ^ind landed Mr. Scott at night '' on the said North l^astern shore of said Nipegon Bay, (truly a kind "hearted action,) and for getting him in that night he paid me ten 12 11 ■i I " (irllars extra, and I was informed that Avas the first day the " ice had moved that season from the North East side of Nepigon IJay * by one McKay, who was working at the place in the employ of " the Hudson's Bay Company, and this was on or about the iin^X of " June, or later." I, Kobert Crawford, Factor in the service of the Hon. Hudson's Bav Company, do affirm that I did engage the services of A. B. Scott, P. L. S., that said A. B. Scott, and assistant, did leave Toronto <« the 10th of May, 1872, and arrived -at Red Hock, Wednesda}, 22nd May, (and no't "on or about the 1st of June, or later,") having been brought trom Prince .Arthur's Landinsi" by tug M. J. Mill^^ whereof \V. Prircliard, Avas master. For the bringing of these two gentlemen W.Pritchard charged me seventy dollars in gold,/»Ithough he Avas on his way to the Pic ,l\iver at the time, for which place he left same evening. I also positively affirm that Abraham Essay, in charge of fishing boat Polaris, loft this wharf for Pic Kiver, Friday, 17th May, 1872, one day before the date of Mr. Macin tyre's Icitcr t» me in whiidi he states the "ice is not out of the (Thunder) bay yet; which aid 8th of Jane was the first day that sea- "son that the ice in said Nipigon Bay was moved at all, and that " was owing to heavy wind from the north-east an that day. And " I further snake oath and say thnt I have heard that, it was stated " that Nipegon Bay was open every season as soon as the Sault Ste 18 " JMane Canal, and this I state positively to be untrue ; the said "Caijal opens not later than the 10th day of May, and I state posi- *' lively that said Nipegon Bay does not open until the 1st of June, and "as before stated by me, seldom then, it bcin^ generally the 7th or " Sth of June before the said Nipigon Bay is open.' " (Signed,) James McKay. Poor McKay ! Into what designing men'* hands hast thou fallen ? Poor fellow ! 1 fear that the best excuse for you would be that you were drunk when )'0u swore to such a tissue of lies as the above. The sin, in my opinion, is none the less hetuous for those persons calling themselves gentlemen, who spoon-ied you with )-^our affi- davit. It is very evident that if they had said July instead of June it would have been the same; as it is they rather overdid the mat- ter. I, Robert Crav/ford, Factor, in charge of Nipegon District, state that, on the 31st of May, 1872, James McKay left the Honorable Company's employ, and engaged himself to an explorer, who arrived from Fort William, in a bark canoe, on the 2nd of June, and left for Nipegon Lake on the 4th of June. Next in rotation we have the affidavits of W. P. Gibbons and James Hayes, on which comment is unnecessary, as th^y tend to show nothing more than their com- plete ignorance of the subject to which the above parties attach their names. Then follows the affidavi't of Michelle Collin. "I, Michelle " Collin, of Fort William, canoe builder, make oath and say as fol- " lows : I have lived at Fort William seventy-five years. I have " never known Nipegon Bay to be open sooner than fifteen days alter " Thunder Bay, and have often found Nipegon I'ay closed with ice "on the 1st day of June. Nipsgon Bay freezes about one month "earlier than Thunder Bay. i have started repeatedly from Thun- "der Bay, with the mail packet, when Thunder Bay had been open "foruome dayi, and proceeded to Nipegon Bay, and been compelled " to rcUirn on account of the ice in Nipegon Bay, and have, on my 'arrival at Fort \Ulliam, taken another supply of provisions, and " proceeded to Nipegon Bay, and found even then the ice floating in "the bay." Poor old Michelle ! your length of days md grey hairs ought to have awakened nome pity ; but no ; not even you were spared the humiliation. What will not the greed cf gain do 1 However, I will say nathi.ig to you, but will reserve my remarks for what is certified 14 to by your supenor, as follows :— " I, John Mclntyre, of Fort Wil- " liam, and of the Hor.oruble Hudson's Bay Company, certify that 1 "know and am personally known to tlic above deponent, Michelle " Collin, since the year 1841. I have uad the above affidavit over to "him. Iknowthe said deponant to bo a truthful and lionest man, " and his statements to be correct and reliable." Ah ! Mr. Mclntyre, you ought to have stopped at 'honest man." That was far enough. But now I would ask how you know his statements' to be " correct aud reliable ? " You oudit to have proved their correctness by gfvingthe date when Michelle Collin carr;ed a mail packet in such an erratic manner, and where was he going to? Was he in a canoe or walking tha!: he turned back after having tra- velled, at the very lowest calculation, 60 miles? Who was in charge of Fort William, that he was allowed to do so repeatedly? In all my experience I never yet hoard of such a strange proceeding, and do not see how it could possibly occur. I ask you, tor the sake o^ truth, if you can give the date when Michelle Collin ever visited Nipegon Bay or Kiver ? as the oldccit inhabitants here deny that he has ever been at Nipegon. We have now arrived at the affidavit of the only person sworn whom I admit as being capable of judging otherwise than by report, of the opening of Nipegon Bay:— 'M, James McCallum, '^ alias Ja:nes Goodman, of the Village of Prince Arthur's Landing, "• District of Thunder Bay, Province of Ontario, Provincial Land '-'Surveyor, make oath and say as follows: 'That I was on an "exploring survey, north of Lake Nipegon, during the latter part i' of the winter of 1872-3. 'IMiat I returned tc Nipegon Bay before "the 2.5th of April, A. 1)., 1873. ' That my work being completed, " and being anxious to reach Thunder Bay as soon as possiblb, I "examined the ice in Nipegon Bay daily, and up to the 23rd of May, ',* 1873. The Bay was completely blocked with solid ice, and I " could not even leav^e with a canoe.' " 'Tis a very strange thing that James McCallum, alias James Goodmar, states he was so anxious to get to Thunder Bay, and yet took a r.ionth to decide whether the ice was strong enough to bear him walking; surely it did not take a month fr»m being strong enough to carry a niQn, till it was possible for a canoe to get through; in short, 1 much doubt whether Mr. McCallum's daily examination of the ice was conscientiously performed, for he waited 16 till Mr. Campbell, of New York, arrived here, in a bark canoe from Silv^er Islet, and after hearing his report came to the conclusion that if the bay was not open, at least the ice was unsafe to walk on and left next day, 23rd. lie then says, '' The above information is taken " from my diary, which 1 SAvear to be correct, I have seen the ; " channel of the Nipegon Rirer from the mouth up to the Hudson's " Bay post, marked out by buoys," Mr. McCallum, alias James Goodman, forgot, evidently, either to put in or quote from his diary that he stood on the shore on the 16th day of May, 1873, when I, witk five mm, was putting down said buoys. After so doing we proceeded with our row boat out t© and through a part of NipegonBay, of which fact Mr. McCallum, alias James Goodman, could not but be aware, and had he been at all anxious and asked me, when he saw me passing, as to the state of the ice, I could then have told him that there was no difficulty for a bark canoe to get through Nipegon Bay. I knovy that had I been at all anxious to get to Silver Islet or Thunder Bay, any time after the 12tk May, 1873 ; I could have done so in a bark canoe. Mr. Towers maybe right regarding the opening of the canal at . 5 ault Sle Marie. We ROW come to one of tho principal affiJavit makers, at least he is one of those honorably mentioned by the petitioners as a man whose testimony is likely to have weight with your Honorable House. To wit: "I, Peter Deschampii, of Red Hock, on the Nipegon River, in "the District of Algoma, Province of Ontario, trader, make oath "and say, as follows: 1st. That I have lived for tke last tv/enty " years on the Nipegon liiver, and now reside there. 2nd. That I "have every year during tliat period passed to and from Thunder . "Bay, and aai thoroughly acquainted with the navigation of both " Nipegon ard Thunder Hay. 3rd. That I have with Toussaint " Boucher and John Christie left Thunder Bay in a canoe in the " autumn and on reaching Blaek Bay, were obliged to leave our "caaoes and proceed on foot by ice, it being tken thick, and on oar "arrival at Nipegon Bay found it also frozen up and the ice thick, so ^\ " much so tkat the Indians were fishing through holes in it. We " returned to Thunder Buy some days after and found it still open. "4th. Tkat 1 state positively that Thunder Bay is each year open " from two to three weeks earlier than Nipegon Bay, *nd dues not m ?\-:'*'^ mi "close for a month .-iftcr Nipegon Hvlj. 5th. That the entranre to " Nipe^on Bay is very intricate and surrounded by many rocks and " sunken reefs. The waters in the bay are very shallow in many " places, and there are many shoals therein, so that it is irtipoisible " for any sailing vessel to enter in saf^^ty without being- aground. 6th. " That I have seen steamers repeatedly ay^iound in th? Bay and in the " mouth of the River. 7th. That Nipegon River is aliio very skallow " and not navigable for any but very small boats. 8lh. Thunder Bay " has a good widelentrance free from any obstructions, that tke water " is deep and that it is a good natural harbor, the best on the north " shore ol Lake Superior. 9th. That I have se«n each of the steamers " Chicora^ Algoma, Cinnberland, City of Montreal^ and Manitoba, "aground in Nipegon Bay. 10;h. I have seen the Indians on many "occasions start on the ice in Nipegon Bay, drawing their canoes on "sleigks, and haul them in this way Jill they reached flTi under " Bay, where thev would launch their canoes." (Signed,) Pr/rEn Duschamps. i would simply remark on the foregoipg that if Peter Deschamps swore tkat he has lived the last twenty years on the Nipegon River, and that ke has every year diiring that period pass^eal to and from Thunder Bay, Mr. Borron, l\l. P., Mr. McKellar, Mr. Marks, and Mr. D. M. Blackwood, must have been aware that he was swearing to a falsehood. For Peter Deschamps, better known as Pierrish, was employed by Mr. Marks or hi« agent from 1869, till .Tune, 1871, and during that time lived at the head of Lake Nipegon, and afterwards lived a year at Fort William. Now hear what Peter Deschamps says, after having had the foregoing affidavit read to him by me both in English and French: "For twenty years before 1872, I, Peter '' Deschamps, lived sometimes at Michipicotcn, soniotiaaesat Batcli- "evvana, sometimes at Pic Riv^er, sometimes at Fort William, tome- " times at Nipegon He ise, (between SO and 90 milas from Nipegon " Bay, and at least .00 t>dm the River of that name,) never before "July, 18V2, on the Nipegon River, so that at the time i Mas "questioned by Mr. Melntyre and Mr. Blackwood 1 had not lived "twenty montkji on that River, and as to my passing every year " during the twenty years aforesaid to and from '1 bunder Bay, it is As to the 3rd paragraph he says: "I never left TliuirtlerBay with t?^:3 17 ** John Cliristieoi- foas'^uint Houclier in the aiitumu in aoanoe,&(j.*' ■ And so on wilh^nch ofthe romainino^'statcmetts in'this so-calleil aftidavit; ho deriii's Iheni with the cxcoplion of one contained \n tho (51h and 9th' paras^raphs ; and rven that is pfi verted. |Ie says: "It is tTiic that T liave scon the Chirora in 187?, ^ hen in "cluirge ofCaptain'Tiipp, J'.g ound, next in t!ic hay, hut when a good " way np the river, and tiint was owinp: to her leavinj^' the well-do- f'finded channel and l\<'i'pinj[ -tiic wrong yido of' the hiioys. The f^ A/goma, I have not only never seen airroniuK bnt hav*e never seen *' at Nipegon at ali. The CV'm(^rr/t^7?c^ I never either saw or head " t'l! of as heino- aground. The Cilif of Montreal I saw airronnd "when in chari»e of ('aprain Tripp, not in Nipegon Bay, bat in, " Mpe^on Hiver, and thronjjh the same e.-ror which fcansed the " jirontidini: of the r//' and cU)sin;jr of the season of navigation in Nipegon Bay iait trom report. This is plainly seen from his aiKdavit wheiein he says that " when at Black Bay he was informed that " Nipeg<»n Bay was r -om two to three wet ks later in opening in " spring than ThniKler Bay." Again, when he snys he camped on Thunder Cape, he leaves us in the dark with regard to the time he saw the ice in Nipegon Bay from some mountain. The vagueness of his afiidavit is to be regretted. «.!';; ^ >^ ■> ; vy :- "I, Michel Lambert, of Fort William, District of Thunder Bay, •'Province of Ontario, sailingmastrr, mike oath and say, as: fallows: ♦"T swear positivelv that Thunder^Bny isfclearfrom ice trom fifteen "to twenty days earlier than Nipegon Bay in the Spring'of the year ♦* --never less than fifteen, and more often twenty or more ^' (days; ami in the •utnmn both*Nipegonand|Black|Bays are frozen 18 "up a month earlier than Thunder Bay. On an occasion, in the "sjprinj!: of the year 1839, I left Nipegon Lake on or after the 20th, "day of June, and on arriving six days afterwards at Nipe*an Bay " I found it (Njpoijon Bay) fall of ice, and was detained th^re three "days before tiie ire cleared sufFiciently to allow ns to proceed in "our canoes. On another occasion I left Tort William in the early "part of June with the schooner laden with ^oods for the Company's " Post at Red Kock, proceeded to Nipe<><)n Bay. Thunder Bay had "then been open ahtint twenty days, and on my arrival at Nipegon " Bay I foued it filled with ice, and after remaininj^ two days, not "being able to gain an entrance, 1 was compelled to return to Fort "William." I am glad to see that Michel Lambert is a little consistent, and keeps up the credit of his character in not sticking at trifles ; a few days or "weeks, more or less, make very liUle odds to Michel; there- fore, when he positively s\ve:irs as above, I as positively assert that it is an absurd fabrication, and that I would not believe Michel ? ambert on his oath. T I ave it to the members of your Honorable House to judge as to the value of this man's evidence. Being unable to read or write, he could I ;ve kept no memoranda of the year 1839 ; and during my e.^erienee in charge of this District, it has never occurred that men coming in canoes through Nipegon Lake and River have been detained by ice in Nipegon Bay, the lake being, as you are awaie, at least forty miles north of and 250 fuet higher than Nipegon Bay, nor have the Lsdians any tradition of such a strange occurrence, "I, William Crow, of the mission village, on the Kaministiqiiia " River, in the District of Thunder Bay, Province of Ontario, chief "of the Chippewa tribe of Indians, mak? oath and say, as follows: "I am forty-five years of age, was born at Point Porphry situated "near to Bhck Bay, and have passed nearly the whole of my life in " the District of i'hunder Bay. That Thunder Bay, in the spring "of the year, is open from two tothree weeks earlier than Nipegon " Bay. That Nipegon Bay closes in the autum:! full.y three weeks "earlier than "I huuder Bay, thereby making the season of naviga- "tion from five to six weeks longer in Thunder Bav than in " Nipegon Bay. That I have been in Nipegon Bay often." It is a well known fact that William Crow has never been to Nipegon Bay at its opening or closing, and can, therefore, know i ■-» 19 nothing regarding tliat matter Ilis affidnvit only proves that ho knows less than his fenthercd namesake, and merely swears as h« is prompted by otiiers. Regarding Mr. MeAllister's allidavit, it is simply a repetition of former statements asserted, hut not proved. As to his very positive assertions of Tliunder Bay being (lie finest harbor (where does the iiarbor begin or end) ou Lake Superior, ik.c., ice, I wiil say noliiing. Hav'ng never resided at Thunder Uay, except in summer, I (tannot speak personally a:.< to the opening or closing; but I do most cnn- piiatieally contradict the statement of Mr. McAllister as to Nipegrn Bay being frozen or unfit for navigation on or ocfon lie lOihday of November in any year. However, it is refre--i iiiid l'i,iuei| i!^r|huj;'.Sj Laiidinj^ "before the last Ixiiit was in/' The above is rather vuj^ue, but Mr. McKellar seems to ari>-uc that because te;ims crossed the ice oi two little rn:irshy rivers before tlii last boat arrived at Thunder Bay in the i.atter ])art of November, therelore f,;ike llcieii niBst luive been iiu/en in October. However, I inform him that dming my residf rce of three ycnirs at ]^'d Hock I have never known Lal.e Helen to be fioztn on, first December; and that the year 1872, mentioned by h'ni, i, in com])any wilh the late (.'aptciin Kobson, (.'. P. K. S., was at I-ake Helen in the middle of December, when and for some day!? a.'te; wards it was stj'l open. Head whit Mr. l?ou-an says regarding this "jrniall narrow Lake," (page. '211, Mr. Fleming's Keporr, 1871) : " From the Hudson's Hay Post to Lake Helen, the distance «f three-quarters of a mile, the river is at present iinnavi^ able, owing to the crooked channel and 'swift curcnt, althouoh there is a ^o(^d depth of water. Lake " Helen is nine mi';s long and i om hirfl a mile to a mile :n width, " and from twenty-five feet to a hundred feet deep. Hi order toreu-* " der the river easy of navigatioM between the Hud»on's Bay Post " and Lake Helen, the channel would have to be straightened and "deepened, 'ihis would have the efi'ct of lesscjiing the cuiren " and extending the navigation ten miles inland to the Jiead of Lake " Heleii." Then, in comparing the oj)en navigation of Thunder and Nipegon Bays, Mr. McKellar says: "'J ako last spring, for example (that is 187.3), "we had the Manitoba in Thunder liay on the 12tli of May, and the *' Chicora and Citiji of M.ntrrnl on the 11th. We have the Avrjtten " evidenc*^ of ^L'^ Met aiinni, I'.L.S., taken from his diary, that the " ice cleared out of Nipegon Bay on Ihe 22nd of May; so that the " steamers, were they bound for Nipegon, would have to wait ei»ht "^or ten days, unable to discharge their fieight or passengers, unless & C< 01 ai fl IkS ji ■ ; 1 "they would landtlivitum Iho islands out:«iil(*,soiac twrnty nillrsofT.'* 1 would iisL Mr. McKdlnr if even on llie '* wrjllcu cvidt'uce of "Mr. McCalluMi, IM.,S., lalvoii from lii> dl:iry, lluit llio ico cIcMi'd "out of Nij)(':,'rin K;iy on iho '2-2m\ ofM'jy," he is able to niaUc aUi* davit that .st em iuts could not have tome iii;6 N![h;'om Bay on euch Qf the above uieiiliov-ed dates or that Jhtj;jitc was out lOf Thunder Hay more than out of M(iC^on Hny.oii.yjjy.oi' the above. dato»J QJ ©( steaiuer^,' aniyal.«.at Thuiulv;; JJay. Heeause I have prj^ot' to tliQ contrary. INtr. IMcCidluiUx's written ey^dejice i^ not Voi'lh the jniper on which it is Nvrilten. And why? heeau«e lu; wait.-^ till alter thy ', arrival here of Mr. Caniphell iu a eaiioe on tlu? 22nd May— helbm himtidl niakiii;j the yli^htest alleaipt to pa.s« through the Bay — and ' then s:iy!s, " 1< e cleared out of N'ipe^on Hay on :i2nd." Admit that the average date of opeiiitii? o'l Sanlt Ste. Marie canal ■ is 5th May; an■ / : ' . , . ,.,, ,.^ Mr. McKellar conckidGs as follows: "Other points wortliy of " notii-e aj-e that Fort William on Thunder Bay has always been the *• p-ineipil post of the l^onorable Hudson's 13ay Co., on Lake Supei- "ior. Kvcn the Nij)e<^on posts received th;;!;' supplies (Vom it until " within the hist two or three years." I beg to inform Mr. M>:K<'Mar that Fort VViUiam is mit, and never* was, the Honorable Hudson's Bay Co.'s principal post on Lake ^^'u- v peri or ; nor did the Nipegon posU eyer receive their supplies from, Fovt William. '.'-'-.•'-..?.•-■ 7-.; Finallv, I would «av that ifMr. McKeilar has no better fbanda- tionior his impressions, undei>tandini,^s, calculatioiis, and ^^eoloi^i-"' cal assertious, thau he has for this statement, hi* evidence is iiot ^ "-'^;» worth much. It may perhaps be expected th.it afto?*30 eniplialically denyinj? the statcnieiits of others, I shoiilcl, after the mamier of Mr. Melntyro (?) furiiLsh a table sliowin;? what is tlie true (h\\^ oftlie openiiij^f and closiiiif of Nipcgoii Hay. I say at once that I am uiiahle to lo so, the estahlih'hrMent under my cliar^ti heiag- f^ituated two iniles ;^bovc the mouth of the riv* r, eutiiely shut out from sii^ht of the ]i;' by the hii,di hluflcall'Hl Ked l?ock. All 1 can do is to copy from our journa! extracts b(niriu;>- ou this matt(M-, aiul sfiowiu^ the dat. ^5 of any occurretices in tlio spring or fdll, whicli have happened in this quietpUice, ' " * ' ' ' " It must he borne in mind that Fort William an Saudloid Flcailu^, Esq , ivix'^niiiii^ tin.' opfiiiiig arul cloaliig uf XipogoH H:iy, Luke Sujteiiur, \ov tlio jcar« 1S7*)— i8T4 : 1S70— fJduru tl:e lllli oi' May, as pt'i- exfrftct from a L'ttur icccivoil by 11. Crawkiid, ut ^'il.cg'.);' JbuiBc, IVotn C. F. do bsiKundc (tliua. in cliuiffo nt Rod Kcclv), <]nti'd 12tli Muy, 1S70. "Mr. JMcInty-x's men aiiivel liort) bist ni;^lit eu *' i\iiilii to your pobl with t!ic exproKtt." These men came from i:ilver Islet ill a bark cauoe all the way and were not impeded by ice. - ' ■ ]37J — EAliactli'omlettci- icctived '>y 11. Cn.wtoid,Ni>>egon House, fiotn C. V de LaKondo (tlicn in diaryo at l!fd Rock, and dated J'iiid May, 1871: »• Thy 8tt'a!inr AhjoiiHi arrived inioyttterdaj, Sunday. 21sr, with 47 brltJ. pork, ^tc." If my "^"niory is to be trusted I received a letter from Mr. Liiulsay who was on board that trip. He cotild tell whether s impeded by ice. Ft'ctor U.Y Ijiulsoii's Eaj Co., in char,'»e ot ]S'ipC'gun Didtrict, iKr.dqiif itcis bom Kipegou House to Kcd Kock, L. S., Ctli Oct., HusscI'. the St* - (R. Cia- tUU'H »!)(.'Cotnh>f— OKirk' son arrivotl tlii-^ cvtnin;; (in n I>oat 'Iron: Vny\ I'lat). llcportd no ico in Buy, Uii' lil:o suniinor. " "Siuiilay, 8tli Dor. — Wind imrMi. Alt-xa'-dor Cjaiic le!t lor.lro'no. (in his hoaf). ISTo— "TiiL'sday, ISth Xovenihof — Jolrn Ki'lillo and C. d.; I/i!iondo cft no by boat l.om iiiino (i\fr. (/'aniitboIl'tJ, in ^JipO'^OM Itiiy) !i>r co.vld." ROHF.KT (JRAWFOUn, • ' Factor Iludiiou's Bay Co. llii) liocK, Lake SujxMior, ^ ipogon'g IJay, Rtb Oct., 187-! . IIki) Hook. Ann;. 4, 1S71-. 1 bff^j hereby to cortit'y tli.it on lbes(n'en?(!0.^th of May, A.I). 187^3, I titaitud Ironi Silver Islot in a bark vanoo ibr Nipet^on l?ay. On tli« '20ib of ilay we passed tlirongli IS'i[>o;;t)n IStraitrt, and liaV'way ucro.ss Xipepni Bay, and eneainpcd 1( r the nij^lit on Vvo^ I.sland. Aijoiita mi!e sonf.b i»l' iWi ai>»ve ment'oiied island wo enoonntei'od some fl(»atin:i; ico, whicli, iniLtd, opposed s>i n;; dilHonlty to t*io [)af.rtag>i ot a iV.iil bark canno, bnt whi-.ib was ?> C'Jinpletely iionuvcoinbed and disiideg- rated tliat, to t!ic i)a3?a<»o ot a steamboat, ^r oven a Rinall tnj,', it wonld bave presented no obstacle whatever. On tlie 2lHt of \I;i\' w) slartod again in oiir canoe, and worked oin- way thron;^h the 1 oso ice. wliicli was rapidly lalllnj to pieces, nnlil wo arrived at a point in the Bay about luur mil;i^ south ot tiie II. l!. Co.'s pobt at llo^t. An I I beg t> add inrth u" that, i.i my ojnnion, a ste.miboat conld have entered Xipogon i»ay, and have proceeded 10 Red Rock on the I7th ot May. witliont receiving any damage trom the ico. Yon.'s truly, JOHN McAKKK, P. L.S. To Rout. Cuawtcr:), Esq.. <,is Red Rock, Kipegon. " ""■ '" Extract? from Ilndson Tay Cotnpany'a Journal at Nipegon Home in the year 1330. 8nnday, 5t!i May.— The lake is clear of ica as tav as we can r-ee towards the Gros Cap. Tuesday, 7th May. — This morning sent off Jobinvillo, Dubois, Iloule. and an Indian, in an old canoe, Wirh potalo^s to Red Uock, whjre they are to n)eet men h'om tho Pic, to whom tliey will deliver t!iem. And Jobinville and couipaniv)nfl will go on to Fort Willia:n !i9r a canoe for taking on the retnrni, and lor bringing ' in the outfit ne.xt Fall tor this place. ' Friday, 17lh May.--Ene\ve8hung arrived. This Indian has come from lied Rcc'c, and informs m;j that Jobinville took neven days t j g.;t there, and that iho men from the Pic had been tb^re and off again befoi'o Jobinville arrived. Tho ■ «> m IniVvm sfiv? tha*- if th« V\(\ men Ind ro:ii;iineflis.r dny tlif-y Wonld Imvc Ppcn Johii.villc, M it \vi)ii!(i aj:;»*iar tint Jwbitiv lie Sent on an I:i'''fin to let tJio Pio iiisn know tiiat tin,'" wnvn cornin '. 1 ie men iiinl Itoop. .jjf tlio .diiv li, 'ore. lit when llie megs. n;.-vr ^nt to K >ek, 1 ruivmiii jtcro with oii'.v oiie n AInniiav, lOrii Juik Ij.Cl t 10 .;u.i [Buiu; M'^nui)u'i cntiie* back. )i)'n .irrive.l i'lom Rod i^ock, to vhich place liu con- ductt-'il thft roiurns (iftlie [lo.^t, nnu t';nv' t:ii:i!ii off iVoni tiien^ in Uic boat. From the ;ibovo it will be seen (1) that Jobitivi!k".s pirty havinof Ipfr Nip»'S^oirs House oji :hc 7th May- Inking sewn days to do the journr'3'- -;!;■:•• ved at lu'd U'ock tm l-ith May. (2.) ^Tlint men froru the Pic — whom this party had expected to meet at l^'d Ivock— had already come and <;o."Othu'.;h N; •e;^on Bay -yme ctays previous' to this d ite, Hth May. Yet Miclieaijl.jimber! expects us to believe hii; statement ;h:5l ho left Xipeijoii Lake oa iiO h .June, and rarriviiii? at jNipegoii Bay >ix days after, found it full of ice, k.c.., in the fljce of the .above evidence. itff