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AR'in^f^
Canada ! Maple-land 1 land of i^roat mountains !
Lake-land and river-land ! Land 'twixt the seas!
Grant us, God, hearts that are large as our heritage,
Spirits as free as the breeze.
Grant us thy fear that we walk in humility,
Fear that is rev'rent — not fear that is base —
Grant to us righteousness, wisdom, prosi)erity,
Peace — if unstained by disgrace.
Grant us thy love and the love of our country ;
Grant us thy strength, for our strength's iti thy name ;
Shield us from danger, from every adversity,
Shield us, oh Father ! from shame !
Last born of nations ! The offspring of freedom !
Heir to wide praii'ies, thick forests, red gold!
God grant us wisdom to value our birthright,
Courage to guard what we hold !
THE GREATNESS OF OUR HERITAGE.
Gentlemen :
From the list of subjects which were forwarded with your
re(iuest, I have chosen " The Greatness of our Heritage " as being
suitable for the occasion, though ill adapted for compression into a
short article ; and if I address principally the ehler scholars, it is
because their knowledge of the history ol our own and of other
nations will enable them to elaborate what I must condense.
The Physical Greatness of our Heritage,
" Whose flanks are mighty Oceans,
Whose base the Northern Sea,"
needs little |)roof ; a single glance at an ordinary School Geography
shews it to l)e in form, as in size, one of the most valuable portions
of the Earth's surface ; and as if Providence had kept in reserve
its best gifts for this latest born of nations, we have, wafted into
our spacious western harbors and along our picturesque Pacific
coast, the trade winds of the Western Ocean, and with them that
ocean stream, heated in the cauldrons of the Asiatic coast, to aid
in making flowers bloom and trees bud, near the Arctic circle, as
early as on the mighty Mississippi, or the still mightier St, Law-
rence, just as the great stream poured out by the Mexican Gulf
foils the Ice King's blockade of the magnificent harbors of our
Eastern coasts, and nourishes those deep-sea pastures of which
Canada possesses the richest in the world. As a means of access
to the inner part of this favored land. Nature has cleft our rugged
Eastern coast with a wide and deep Gulf, from the head of which
mighty rivers aiid great lakes bear the home-hunter to near the
vei'ge of our jjrcat Cereo.l Table-land, where, through future wdieat
fields, turn and wind the Rivers of the great Plain, the Red,
Assiniboine, Souris, Qu'Appelle and Saskatchewan, and over it all
there has been given to us a climate which breeds no malaria, and
this great area, wii>h its southern latitude that of Rome, is free
from the pestilences which have from time to time scourged the
peoples of Western Europe. I might go on indefinitely le-
counting our blessings, but I must limit what I would v/ish to say
about the Physical Great'iess of our Heritage, to be able to speak
of its other aspects within the space allowed ; and so close with
an unchallenged statement made in the Legislature of the Dominion
regarding its then less well-known Western portion, as follows ;
" That it has the greatest extent of coast line ; the greatest
number of miles of river and lake navigation ; the greatest extent
of coniferous forest ; the greatest coal measures ; the most varied
distribution of precious and economic minerals ; the most exten-
sive salt and fresh w^ater fisheries ; and the greatest extent of ara-
ble and pastoral land of any country in the world,"
ti
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<k
Possessing tliis great northern heritage is a noithorn race,
ruled hy a northern Queen. Our national characteristics are
northern, and tlie country we are so proud of is the Norland
of this continent; to the northern races of the old world whence
we sprang we look for our national characteristics ; and although
we form part of an em pile so vast as to dwarf, with its popula-
tion of over three hundred nnllions, our six or seven, yet it is these
northern characteristics which, serving us so well in the past, will
place us with the foremost in the time which is to come.
Who then is this Queen, whose people in this American
Northland so tenderly love and deeply reverence her ? Celtic she
is by her descent from Arthur, Norman by her descent from Wil-
liam of France, Saxon from Alfred, and from her old Norse
ancestry deriving her right to sway the sceptre of the sea. As
she is Celt and Saxon, Norman and Dane, so are we; for we have
in this Doniinion more Celts than had Brien when he placed his
heel upon the neck of Odin, more Saxons than had Alfred when
he founded his kingdom, more Normans than had William when
he drew from them the armed host with whicli he invaded
England, more of Norse blood than there were Norsemen when
their kings ruled Britain and their galleys swept the sea. We
are the descendants of all the northern kingdom-founders of
Western Europe. We have the laws of Edward, of Louis, Magna
Charta and the Roman Code ; we have copied the constitution
which English .statesmen, legislators, patriots and martyrs lived
or died to secui-e or save. We have territory, resources by sea
and land, civil and religious liberty; we are heirs, equally with
those who live in the British Isles, of the glory and traditions
of the British Empire. The Canadian has fought side by side
with the Englishman, Irishman and Scot on the burning sands
of India and Africa, on the bleak battle fields of the Crimean
Peninsula, fought as well, died as bravely, as any of them all ;
and if a degree of valor may be estimated by a single instance,
it should be remendoered that, by general consent of his surviving
comrades. Captain Dunn, born near Toronto, received the Victoria
Cross as the " bravest of the brave " in the charge of the Light
Brigade ; and, indeed, we need go no further than our own his-
tory to determine the military qualities of our people ; for the
odds and the result tell their own story, when we remember,
amongst many ethers, Queenston and Chateauguay; and it is an
historical fact that ours is one of the few countries where no foe
held a long, much less a permanent footing.
But enough of war. While with just pride we remember the
deeds of our ancestors for the past thousand years, and know that
when necessary the blood of the sea-kings, the sturdy Saxon, the
piUant Norman and the fiery ^*olt, which is in our veins, will assert
itself again, yet thanks be to Ahnighty God, our national life began
and has continued in peace ; and as we chose for our national em-
blems the Canadian beaver and our own beautiful maj)le leaf, so
have we sought to build up, harmonize and iK^autify our splendid
heritage; and during the short period, less than a quarter of a
century, of our national life, we have made it possible for the ship
which sails from Vancouver westward to land her unbroken cargo
at Port Arthur; we have girded the continent with bands of steel,
piercing mountains, spanning toi rents; and crossing the snow-capped
giants of the Rocky and Selkirk chains, linked Canada, the youngest,
to Japan and China, the oldest of the empires of the Orient. We
have accom})lished in this short time on land that which astonishes
every visitor to our shores, while we have justified our traditions
on the sea, in making Canada third in rank of the mai-itime na-
tions of the world; and at this moment the sails of Canadian ships
whiten every sea, commanded by Canadian descendant.j of Drake,
ami Hawkins, Frobisher and Richard Orenville, Nelson and Col-
lingwcod, Cartier and D'Iberville. Better still than even this
material progre.'^s is the fact that we are* building the foundations
of our nationality broad and deep, cemented by the mutual respect
and confidence of the several parts, endeavoring to solemnize Law
with the moral sanctity of Religion, and to crown it with its only
appropriate capital. Lawful Constitutional Authority.
If we fulfil the traditions of our heritage, we will be a hardy, a
healthy, and a moral people, and if worthy of our ancestiy, a dar-
ing and a dominant race. Before the Romans knew much of the
valor of our ancestors, who were destined to sack Rome and defeat
them on the plains of Italy, they had learned to admire the moral
character of these northern peoples. " No one among them," says a
Roman historian, " makes a jest of vice, for it is not with them, as
with us, an age of corrupting and corruption."
I have said nothing of our mental (jualities. I havespace to say
but little, but no one can attend an examination in one of our pub-
lic schools or in any of our colleges, nor be much with those new
entering upon the nmch harder school of actual life, without being
convinced that in all mental qualities the youth of (^nada are
second to none. On them rests the future of this great country, the
exemplification of the attributes of our great race ; recreant to this
trust they may possibly be, but I see no sign of it in the present
and nothing in the future to disturb my deep-seated conviction that
they will continue as we have begun ; and building this nation in
the fear of Him Who gave ua this Great Heritage, with love for Her
who giive UK national life, endeavoring, as we have done, to dissolve
all differences and melt ^way all jealousies in the crucible of
A
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moderation and justice, that they and their chihiren will bequeath
it to their children's children free from national stain, that they
will be strong enough to preserve its unity and successful enough
to cause the day we now celebrate to be even more deeply honored,
and to rejoice in their birthiight, which to my mind is even now
the highest and best the world contains.
I have two pictures which are garlanded with Maple Leaves.
One is that of our beloved Sovereign, the Queen of Canada, on
whose fair young brow the Crown was placed tifty-four years ago;
the other, that of the wise, experienced and patriotic men who
composed the Confederation Conference at Quebec, from which
sprang our national life. Honourable Oliver Mowat, Sir Etienne
Tache, Geo, Bn wn, Sir John Macdonald, Grey, Chapais, Johnston
and D'Arcy Mc;.rue are all there shewn, amid the wisest statesmen
from all the Provinces. Only half of those then assembled are
now living; but they who have passed away, lived and died in the
belief the^< the Constitution then adopted and recommended to our
Queen was the best which human intellect could devise for the great
northern race upon this continent; and this is the heritage we re-
ceive from those founders of Confederation ; this is the noble
heritage this generation will leave intact, extended and strength-
ened, to you, the youth of this country. You will prosper so long
as you are w^orthy of this great trust; you will be blessed in pre-
serving and strengthening it, so long as you seek His aid to main-
tain it as the most precious of your birth-rights, and you will rise
to that place as a people in the great Empire, of which we foim a
part in proportion as you follow His precepts and obey His Divine
Law. Great as you are now, greater you will become, and as
citizens of Canada, citizens of the Great British Empire fulfil the
prophecy of the Druid priest to Boadicea, the first British Queen,
that in
" Regions Cajsar's legions never knew
"Our posterity shall sway,
"Where his eagles never flew,
"None invincible as they."
I have included in the foregoing the words and opinions of men
far more able than I to judge of the present and forecast the
future, and might have sent some extracts from the speeches of the
Fathers of our C^onfederation which are full of confidence and
hope, and calculated to strengthen and confirm the loyalty and
patriotism of our young people; but as space does not admit, I must
conclude by thanking you most cordially for the opportunity you
have given me of addressing them.
and remain, very faithfully, yours,
John Schultz.
6
OUR DESTINY.
A problem of singular interest is being solved here. Two races,
the foremost in the ranks of hiunanity, long rivals in arts and
arms : the stolid, slow, but long enduring Saxon ; the lively, im-
pressible, gallant Frank,— are here invited to share a common
destiny, and work out a future of their own. The Norman and
Saxon of elder centuries have united with the Celt to make Eng-
land what she is. Saxon, Norman, and Celt meet here anew, under
other fortunes, to make of our common Dominion what futuie gen-
erations will know how to prize. Men of the old French monarchy,
before the era of revolutions, have been succeeded by those, who,
here, under the aegis of England, have been admitted and trained
to all the rights and privileges of a free people. LEtat, cest moi,
was the maxim of Louis le Grand ; and his descendant, Louis XVI.,
reaped the ample harvest of such a seed time. Happy, indeed,
would be th(! Paris of to-day, if it could borrow the art of self-
government from Quebec ; and strangely constituted must his mind
be, who, amid the absolute freedom of self government which we
enjoy, can dream of casting in* his lot either with the sturdy Re-
public on our own borders, or its Gallic sister beyond the sea.
It is a privilege not to be lightly thrown away, that we share
the destinies of an empire where the Rajah of a British province
on the Indian ocean — beyond the farthest foot-print of the Mace-
donian Alexander, — sends as his loyal gift to the Olympian Games
of our common nationality, the prize cup which victors from our
young Dominion recently brought in triumph to our shores. The
generation has not wholly passed away wliich stood undaunted
against the banded powers of Europe ; and should the necessity
for it recur, it will be seen that England to herself can still be
true.
Our living present, as well as the sacred memories which we
inherit, as a member of that great British Confederacy which em-
braces in one united empire, India and Canada ; New Zealand and
Newfoundland ; the Bahamas ; the Antilles ; Australia and the
Cape ; are too precious to be lightly cast away. But if the time is
ever to come —
" Far on in sunnners that we shall not see,"
when this young Dominion shall stretch across the continent, a
free nation, with duties and with interests all its own ; it will be
for its interest as well as its honor that it can then look back only
with loving memories on the common mother of the Anglo-Saxon
race ; while it emulates her example, and aspires to her worth.
Daniel Wilson, LL.D.
:*.
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NATIONAL STRENO-TH.
In extern of territory the Dominion of Canada is larger than
the United States, and nearly equal to the European Continent.
But bigness is not greatness. It may be opportunity for greatness,
but it is not greatness itself. A tall Frenon general reached over
Napoleon's head and handed him a book, saying, " Permit me, Sire,
I am greater than your Majesty." " You are longer," said Napoleon.
\ man's greatness is not measured by his length, nor do length and
breadth of teri'itory make a nation great.
In climate, soil and crude material wealth, our Dominion equals
any country in the world. But money does not always giv '
strength. Athens in its palmiest days was not so wealthy as Chi-
cago, yet no people has scored deepen marks Uj)on the world's hi.s-
tory than the Athenians. Where money is made the main object,
the most unscrupulous men usually come to the surface. If we
make money our main pursuit, we shall rise among the nations of
the earth, but we shall rise as scum.
We have borrowed from the wisdom of all past a^es to establish
one of the best educational systems to be found on earth — but edu-
cation does not always give national strength. Education is but a
weapon to be used for good or evil according to the cliaracter of
those who possess it. The three R's if liot founded upon truth,
honesty, justice and purity will only produce what some one calls a
fourth R of rascaldom.
Least of all is the strength of this Dominion found in the num-
ber of its inhabitants. The question of numbers is wholly imma-
terial compared with that of character. A little milk and flour are
better than much chalk and arsenic, and a few good and healthy
men are more to be desired than a multitude of diseased rogues.
The strength of this Dominion is not in its extent of territory, its
gold, government, education nor multitude, but only in its sound
multitude. The strength of this country is in iis good men and
good women ; its weakness is in its bad men and bad women. Bad
men are to a nation's wealth as a robber to treasure; they are to a
nation's strength as rust to armor. They have power to blast, rot
power to bless.
We love our country, and our country is worth loving. Its
queen, its government, its climate, its soil, its schools, its sanctuaries,
supply charms which command our warmest affection and loyal • .
The first demand made upon us by our country is that we be good
men. Every bad person is according to the measure of his power,
forcing his country down into weakness and shame. Every boy,
girl, man and woman who is truthful, just, pure and honorable is
building up this Dominion into greatness and strength.
James Allen.
8
STAND BY CANADA.
The school children of to-day are the nation of to-morrow.
Now at your desks and books seeking the knowledge essential to
guide you through the life that is before you, soon you will bs
called upon as citizens to aid in directing the interests of your
country. This page must necessarily fall into the hands of a num-
ber of the statesmen, orators, church dignitaries and men of profes-
sional eminence of the future central and western Canada. Among
its readers will probably be no small number of the great Canadian
women of the twentieth century. Is it strange that one should
feel diffident about addressing people of such importance ?
The responsibility of the school children of Western Canada,
and of Winnipeg particularly, which is the centre of education for
this new country, is no doubt far more serious than many, perhaps
any, of them imagine. Confederation, when it was proclaimed on
the 1st July, 1867, was a trifling affair compared with what it is
now. It then included Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick, or, as has been said, a few scattered settlements along
the banks of a single river and the lakes. It was not until 23rd of
June, 1870, when Rupert's Land and the Northwestern Territories
were added to the Dominion, that the future greatness of Canada
revealed itself like a splendid vision to her people. British Colum-
bia and Prince Edward Island were added during the two years
following. This completed the formation of our Dominion, and
brought under the pleasing shade of the Canadian maple leaf a
country more than three million and a half square miles in extent,
nearly thirty times as large as the United Kingdom, larger than
the United States and almost as large as the continent of Europe,
the home of nearly all the greatest nations of the world. This is
the country whicl^ you will soon have to unite in building up, de-
veloping and governing. Belgium in Eur'jpe is not much more than
half the size of Nova Scotia, our second smallest Province, and yet
there are fewer Canadians to promote the welfare and uphold the
honor of our great Dominion than there are Belgians to take care
of little Belgium.
You know, too, that since the addition of this great Northwest
and British Columbia to Confederation, six-sevenths of Canada are
in the west and nearly all <-he people are in the east. Right here
in the centre and west of the Dominion the efibrts which are to
determine whether Canada shall have a glorious or an inglorious
future must be put forth. The work is heavy, the hands are few,
and the responsibility correspondingly great. It is because our
country needs, and will continue to need in an increasing degree.
the unswerving devotion and intelligent assistance of every Cana-
dian, that it is never too soon to cultivate the deepest possible in-
terest in her past history, present condition and in the ]»roblems of
her future. Let every Canadian school bi)y and school girl, who is
old enough to do so, study Canadian history.
What is the moral oi;' Canadian history ? Are we an enter-
prising nation ? Where else could you find a handful of people
willing to tax themselves forty millions of dollars for a railway in
the eastern provinces, and one hundred millions for so huge an un-
dertaking as our transcontinental road ? What other country with
an equal population can boast of such railway and canal systems,
of such public works ? Was not the very formation of Confedei-a-
tion an enterprise that would be great in any history '{
Is any nation more capable of self-government ? Read of the
struggles of our pioneers for honest politics, imj)artial judges and
responsible government, and see how from their efforts grew up the
Canadian parliamentary and nmnicipal systems of to-day. "No-
where," it has been said, "have the loyalty of the subject and the
prestige of the nation been more sorely tried, and nowhere have
they been more nobly vindicated or more honorably sustained than
in Canada."
Are the Canadians a brave people, worthy of so great a trust
as that which has been reposed in them ? History points us in re-
ply to the events of 1775, and 1812, to Queenston Heights, Stoncy
Creek, Moraviantown, Chateauguay, Chrysler's Farm and Lnndy's
Lane :—
" O thou that bor'st the battle's brunt
At Queenston and at Lundy's Lane, —
On whose scant ranks but iron front
The battle broke in vain !
" Whose was the danger, whose the day,
From whose triumphant throats the cheers.
At Chrysler's Farm, at Chateauguay,
Stormi>ig like clarion bursts our ears ?"
Whatever may be the future of our great country — and no dis-
honorable future can await the Canadian people — read her history,
become familiar with the genius of her institutions, the instincts
and aspirationc of her people, and, above all, stand \y her, rain or
shine !
— F. C. Wade.
10
OUR DOMINION.
Canada is not merely a string of Provinces, fortuitously strung
together, but a single nationality ; young, but with a life of its
own ; a colony in name, but with a national spirit, which though
weak, is growing stronger daily ; a country with a future, and
worthy of the lo^'alty of its sons. It means in the next place the
settled conviction that the honor of Canada must always be main-
tained, no matter what the cost, and that Canadian interests are of
first importance. Any man who is animated by these convictions
is a true Canadian, no matter what his views may be as to the
political form that the Dominion is ultimately to assume.
It is a wide and goodly land, with manifold beauties of its own,
with boundless resources, that are only beginning to be developed,
and with room and verge for empire. Each province has attract-
ions for its children. * * * It has been my lot to live for a
time in almost every one of our provinces, and to cross the whole
Dominion, again and again, from ocean to ocean, by steamer or
canoe, by rail and buck-board, on horse-back and on foot, and I
have found, in the remotest settlements, a remarkable acquaintance
with public questions and much soundness of judgment and feeling
wHh regard to them ; a high average purity of individual and
family life, and a steady growth of national sentiment.
I have sat with the blackened toilers in the coal mines of Pictou
and Capo Breton, the darkness made visible by the little lamps
hanging from their sooty foreheads, have worshipped with pious
Highlanders in log-huts, in fertile glens and on hill sides, where the
forest gives place slowly to the plough, and preached to assembled
thousands, seated on grassy hillocks and prostrate trees; have fished
and sailed with the hardy mariners, who find "every harbour, from
Sable to Causeau, a home;" have ridden under the willows of
Evangeline's country, and gazed from north and south mountain
on a sea of apple-blossoms ; have talked with gold miners, fisher-
men, farmers, merchants, students, and have learned to respect my
follow countrymen and to sympathize with their Provincial life,
and to see that it was not antagonistic, but intended to be the hand-
maid to a true national life.
Pass from Annapolis Royal into the Bay of Fundy, and then
canoe up the rivers, shaded by the great trees of New Brunswick.
Live a while with the habitants of Quebec, admire their industry,
frugality and courtesy ; hear their carols and songs, that blend the
forgotten music of Normandy and Brittany with the music of
Canadian words ; music and song, aS well as language -^nd religion,
rooting -in them devotion to "Our Language, our Laws, our Insti-
tutions." Live in historic Quebec, and experience the hospitality
of Montreal. Pass through the Province of Ontario, itself possess-
11
ing the resources of a kingdom. Sail on lakes great enough to be
called seas, along rugged Lauren tian coasts, or take the new North-
west passage by land, that the Canadian Pacific has opened up from
the upper Ottawa, through a thousand miles once declared im-
practicable for railways, end now yielding treasures of wood, and
copper and silver, till you come to that great prairie ocean, that sea
of green and gold in this month of May, whose billows extend for
nigh another thousand miles to the Rocky Mountains, out of which
great provinces like Minnesota and Dakota will be carved in the
immediate future. And when you have reached the Pacific, and
look back over all the panorama that unrolls itself before your
mental vision, you will not doubt that the country is destined to
have a future. You will thank God that you belong to a genera-
tion to whom the duty has been assigned of laying its foundations ;
and knowing that the solidity of any construction is in proportion
to the faith, the virtue and the self-sacrifice that have been wrought
into the foundation, you will pray that you, for one, may not be
found wanting.
Rev. G. M. Grant, D.D.
- • *•
A COUNTRY TO BE PROUD OF.
Above all, remember, things are not with you as they were a
few short years ago. British North America is no longer a conge-
ries of disconnected Provinces, destitute of any strong bond of
sympathy or mutual attachment. You are no longer Colonists or
Provincials — you are the owners, the defenders and guardians of
half a continent — of a land of unbounded promise and predestina-
ted lenown. That thought alone should make men and soldiers of
you all. Life would scarcely be worth living, unless it g^Arf* us
something for whose sake it was worth while to die. Out )ur
domestic circle there are not many things that come up ..^ that
standard of value. But one at least you possess — a country you
can be proud of; and never should a Canadian forget, no matter
what his station in life, what his origin or special environments,
that in this broad Dominion he has that, wliich it is worth while
both to live for and to die for.
Lord Dufferin.
♦ ♦ ♦
When men unto their noblest rise,
Alike for ever see their eyes ;
Trust us, Grand England, we are true,
And, in your noblest, one with you.
r
■^
12
A PROSPECT.
But mark, by Fate's sti-ong finger traced,
Our country's rise ; see time unt'okl,
Tn our own land, a nation based,
On manly worth, not lust of gold.
It's bourne the home of generous life,
Of ample freedom, slowly won.
Of modest maid and faithful wife.
Of simple love 'twixt sire and son.
Nor lessened would the duty be.
To rally then around the throne,
A filial nation, strong and free.
Great Britain's child to manhood grown.
WHAT CANADIAN MEANS.
You have a variety of pursuits in this country. Determine to
be of use to the land which has given you birth. Determine to be
a credit to it. Remember you are Canadians, and remember what
til is means. It means that you belong to a people who are loyal to
their Queen, whom they reverence as one of the most perfect of
women, and as their Sovereign ; and who see in her the just ruler
under whose impartial sway the various races, creeds, and nationa-
lities of this great Empire are bound together in happiness and
unity. But to be loyal, means even more than this. It means that
you are true to your duties to your fellow countrymen, and that
you will work with and for all, for the common weal and brother-
hood and tolerance. It means, finally, that you will be true to
your self-respect, that you will do nothing unworthy of the love ot
your God, who made you in His image, and set you in His fair land.
I believe that you will each and all of you be loyal and true
Canadians, tL«,v. you will devote your energies throughout your
lives for the good of your native province, and for the welfare of
this wide Dominion, and I feel in speaking to you that I address
those whose children will assuredly be the fathers of a mighty
nation.
Lord Lorne,