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Tha copy filmad h«r« has baan reproducad thanks to tha ganarosity of: Library, Geological Survey of Canada L'axainplaira filmi fut raproduit grica A la g^nirositi da: Bibliothique, Commi$*lon Gtologiqua du Canada Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality possibia conaidaring tha condition and bgibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacificationa. Original copias in printad papar covam ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anciing on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad ir^prea- ston, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar rriginal copiaa ara filmad baginning on ttia first paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- sion, and ending on tha laat page with a printad or illuatratad impraasion. Laa imagaa suivantaa ont 4tA raproduitaa avac la piua grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da I'axampiaira filmi. at an conformity avac laa conditiona du contrat da fiimaga. 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Thoaa too larga to ba antiraiy inciudad in ona axpoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand comar, laft to right and top to bottom, as many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama illustrata tha mathod: Laa cartaa. planchaa, tablaaux, ate, pauvant §tra flim^a i daa taux da rMuction diffir^^nts. Lorsqua la documant aat trop grand pour itra raproduit an un saui cliche, il aat film^ 4 partir da I'angla sup4riaur gcucha, da gaucha d droita. at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombre d'imagas nteaasaira. Las diagrammaj suivants illuatrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 _1 \\f3^ CEOLOCiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA. ALFRED B. C. SELWVN, P.B.S., F.O.S., Dibectob. NOTES ON THE CRETACEOUS FOSSILS COLLECTED BY MR. JAMES RICHARDSON, AT YANCOUVER AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS, ATE ■^ -*«mMMaJ 1 GEOL( ALFRf CREI m: VANCOUV Extn GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. ALFRED R. C. SELWYN, F.R.3, F.G.S., Directou. NOTES ON THE CRETACEOUS FOSSILS COLLECTED BY MR. JAMES RICHARDSON, AT VANCOUVER AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS, BY G. F. WHITEAVES F.G.S. Extracted from the R>'.port of Progress for 1373-Y4. DAWSON BROS. : MONTREAL. 1874. » • »•• • • • ! •• •• • • • * • • • • t • •••• • • ••• • • • • • • • 1 • 4 • • .• • • • • • • •-• • • • » • • • • • • • •• • •; •• • •• • • l» 'ip CONTENTS. PAQI Inthoductory Remarks 5 F08BIL8 FROM TH« PrODDCTIVB CoAL MEASURES, OR DiVISIOM A 6 Locality No. 1.— North West Bay, Vancouver Island 6 Locality No. 2.— Coast a little N. of N. W. Bay, Vancouver Island T Locality No. 3.— Nanaimo River ; Vancouver Island, 10 miles up V 7 Locality No. 4.— Nanaimo River, 2i and 2J miles up ~ • Locality No. 5. — Protection Island 8 Locality No. 6. — Below Dodd Narrows 9 Fossils from the Lower Shale, or Division B. — Gabriola Island, the only locality ex- amined 9 Description op New Species 11 - ■- NOTES OX THE CRETACEOUS FOSSILS COLLECTED IIV Mil. JAMES RICHARDSON AT VANCOUVER AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS, BY J. F. WIIITEAYES. F.G.S. To A. B. C. Sekwy.v, Esq., F.RS., Fii.H. mRECTOn OK THE OEOLOOIC AI. S0KVEV OP fANAlJA. Dear Sir, — In compliance with your request to that effect, I have examined with some care the specimens collected hy Mr. Richardson last summer, and beg to submit the following provisional report upon them. Your obedient servant, J. F. WIIITEAVES. The present collection, though not so large as that made by Mr. Richard- son from the same region in 1871, is nevertheless highly interesting. "With very few exceptions, the fossils are in a bad state of preservation. They belong entirely to the mollusca proper, and the brachiopoda are altogether unrepresented. The bivalves are usually mere casts, and even when the shell is preserved, the characters of the hinge and of the interior cannot be ascertained. Most of the gasteropods are very imperfect at the aperture, and the few cophalopods are, for the most part, mere fragments. No better clue to the specific and even generic affinities of these fossils is generally attainable than such as their general appearance, surface mark- ings, and relative thickness of test, will supply. Mr. Richardson informs me that they were collected from two zones, those from the first six localities being from his* " Productive Coal Mea- sures, or Division A," while the remainder, those from Gabriola Island, are from his " Lower Shale, or Division B." A few of the fossils from the last mentioned locality appear to have been " loose specimens," ffliile others were obtained in situ, but in the absence of Mr, R. it is not possible to separate these. * Report of Progress for 1872-73, page 35. 6 NOTES BY MR. J. F. WHITEAVBS. FOSSILS FROM THE PIIODUCTIVE COAL MEASURES, OR DIVISION A. Locality No. 1. From North West Bay, Vancouver Itland. (Cephalopoda.) Ammonites, speeies A. — A Inr^;© soincwiiat flattened shell with rounded back, and plain wide ribs, which are often alternately aiinjtle and bifurcate. A single large Sjiecimen about 7 inches in diameter, very imperfect below, but less so above, and with «ome of the interior layers of the test preserved. Ammonites, vpecies B. — Allied to the preceding, of which it may bo a variety, but with a more ventricosc shell, and with somewhat different sculpture. In this form some of the costm are continued across the last whorl almost to the sutures, while an alternate and shorter series occupy their interstices. Occasionally, however, the main costte bifurcate as in the preceding species. Also a largo sjiecies, measuring about G inches across. Ammonites, »pecies C. — Fragments only of a much flatter shell than either of the preceding, with the ribs closer to<:,ether and not so prominent. Note. — From this locality there appear to bo three species of Ammo- nite, of which two are toh'rably well preserved. The material, however, is insuSicient to enable one to form a very i)recise notion of their specific relations, as there are only two moderately complete examples and si.K fragments in the collection. Nautilus, sp. — One portion of a cast of a largo species, shewing the central siphuncle. Also a cast of a single cluuuber, possibly of the same kind, but with the siphuncle subcentral. Gasterpoda.) Cast of a small sp'ral univalve, apparently with three whorls ; genus not ( Lamellihranchiata.) recognisable Inoceramns, sp, — Shell tuberculated and with V-shaped raised sculp- ture. Abundant, but not perfect enough for critical comparison with nearly related forms. Judging from larger fragments, most of the speci- mens are very young shells. C'acuHcea, sp. — A large shell, with prominent umbones, and a thick test ornamented with fine radiating ribs. Probably new, but too fragmentary for accurate description. It may belong to Conrad's sub-genus Trigono- area. Azincea Veatchii, Galb- var.— Several specimens. JL i UEOLOaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 7 Tr{f}oni(U upci'ies A. — A narrow, mut.» jurvcd, very convex and strongly ribbed ahell, tha ribs subnodulous, Perlmjts an extreme variety of Trigonia Evansana, Meek. Trigonia, speeiet B. — A largo, subriuadratc, depressed form, with dis- tant, rounded tubercles. Astarte cardinioiJi'n, nor. gp. — Two examples of a shell, apparently new to science, and for which the above name is proposed, occur among the specimens from this locality. Descriptions with figures of this and of other species which appear to be new, will be found at the end of this report. AstaHe Vuncotivcre)i8>.», nor. .s/;. — Occurs sparingly with tlio above. Besides these there are burrows of a Teredo-like sliell, in fossil wood, and casts of another species of bivalve. Locality No. 2. Comt a little W of N. W. Bnij, Vancouver Inland, J.- incea Veatchii, Gahh. — The only species. Locality No. 3. Nanaiino Ilivcr, Vancouver Island, 10 miles iq). (Cephalojwdfi.f Ammonites. — Fragment of a small, smooth sjiecies, with a sharp and unserrated keel. (Gasteropoda.) None. ( Latnvllihroneh lata.) Inoceramus, sjj. — A concentrically grooved shell, uut very imperfect. Three examples. Lucina Jiichardifonii, nov. sp. — One well preserved individual. Localiiij No. 4. Nanainv) liirrf, I'anroiircr Island, 2i a)>d 2^ iiulrs up. {Ccphdopoda.) None. (Gasteropoda.) Si/codes (?) ei/prrpoidfs '/ Gahb. — A single imperfect specimen of a shell, from this locality, is doubtfully referral to this s[)ecio3. The much better examples, from Protection Island, have exactly the shape and surface markings of S. cypnieoide^ , but there are indications of plaits on the columella in the shells brought home by Mr. Richardson. Actceonina (?) sp. — Very imi)erfect, but with much the shape of A. pupoides, Gabb. 8 NOTES BY MR. J. F. WHITEAVES. Oinulia inflata (?) Gahh. — A few specimens. JVatica, 8p.—0n\y a fragment, shewing, however, the characters of nearly the whole of the body whorl. Umbilicus none ; shell with a strong keel running from the bottom of the aperture round the base of the whorls. As the upper part of the volutions appears to be angulated also, the shell should probably be referred to the sub-genus Euspira. Fatdoiaria ? nodulosa, nov. sp.—Tvfo individuals, but not very perfect examples. Aporrhais, sp.— One specimen, in very bad condition, and quite unre- cognisable. It seems to have one central digitation, and in that respect resembles A. angulata, Gabb. There are also two or t'aree other species of Gasteropoda, but these are too imperfect for even the generic name to be ascertained. In one only a portion of the pillar is visible, but that has strong folds, as in the Volutidae, or Fasciolariadse. LameUihrancJiiata.) Jnoceramus, — Two species. Axincea ? — Resembles A. Veatchii, Gabb., in outline and thickness of test, but has much finer ribs. Mactra, sp. — Several. The outline of this shell is very like that of Mactra Warrerana, Meek and Hayden, and it closely resembles also tha Mactra albaria of Conrad. Lucina ? sp. — (Cast.) Anatina f sp. — (Do.) Pholadomya, sp. — A bad, distorted cast. Hucula, sp, — (Cast.) Locality Xo. 5. From Protection Island. (Crphalopoda.) ]• one. (Gasteropoda.) Sijcodes (?) cjjprceoides (?) Gahb. — Three Sjjccimens. See the pre- vious remarks on th'3 s{iecies. Cinulia ohliqua ? Gahb. — Badly preserved. Gyrodes expama ? Gahh. — One or two specimens, which are doubtfully referred to this form. Fciiciolaria nodulof-a, nov. sp. — A single badly preserved example. Also three unrecognisable species, in a fragmentary condition. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. {LamcJlihraucliata.) 9 Inoceramus, gp.— With flattened, distant, concentric ribs, somewhat as in I. Whitneyi, Gabb. Dosinia, perhaps J), tenuis, Meek.~A single individual, of which a figure is given. Madra (.^) sp.—A species with strong concentric ribs, perhaps an extreme form of Cymbophora Ashburnerii, Gabb. The only specimen is very diiferont from any of the other Mactridse in the collection. Two or three other forms, of which the genera cannot be ascertained. Locality No. 6. Bdotv Dodd Karrous. {Cephalopoda.) £acidife.<<, sp. — Fragments only. Ammonites, sp. — Portion of a singl"i chamber. None. {Gasteropoda.) (Lamellibranch lata. ) Conchocele cretacea, nov. sp. — A few sf ecimens, tolerably well pre- served. The most abundant shell from this locality. Also a few unrecognisable fragments, one evidently of a species of Ino- ceraraus. FOSSILS FROM THE LOWER SHALE, OR DIVISION B. From Gahriola Island. {The only locality examined.) {Ccphalojwda.) None. {Gasteropoda.) Natica, sp.—A. solitary example of an imperforate, but not angulated shell, of which only the body whorl is present. Cinulia, sp., perhaps C. ohliqua, Gahh. — A sin,irle cast. Also a small imperfect spiral species, of which the genus is not recog- nisable. {LamclUbranchiata.) Nucula {Anla) truncata, Gabb. — One good example of this interesting shell is among the Gabriola Island fossils. Several specimens of the same species were collected by Mr. Richardson, in 187'2, fiom the' W. side of I 10 NOTES BY MB. J. F. WHITBAVES. Hornby Island in beds which he refers to in his " Middle Shale, or Divi. sion D." Axinceu, sp.—One very imperfect shell, obviously belonging to this genus, but different from the two other species previously catalogued from other localities. 3Iactra,sp.—'Poss\h\j the same as those from Division A., Locality No. 4. Tellina Aleekiana, nov. sp. — A single well preserved example. Anatina Tri/oniana ? Gabb. — The only specimen is too imperfect to enable a confident opinion to be formed as to the accuracy of this deter- mination. Fholadomya, sp. — Near P. Breweri. As was stated at the commencement of this report, with the exception of the fossil plants, which have been described by Principal Dawson on a previous occasion, l\Ir. Richardson's 1873 collection consists exclusively of shells. Of these, Baculites among the Cephalopods, Cinulia among the Gasteropods, and Inoceramus among the Lamellibranchiate bivalves, are each strikingly characteristic Cretaceous genera. On the other hand, in a small collection made by Mr. Richardson at Quatsino Sound, Vancouver Island, in 1871, there occur two species, at least, which have been regarded as Tertiary fossils. Mr. F. B. Meek, to whom some of these fossils were sent, refers one to the Conchocele dis- juncta of Gabb, a Miocene species of California, and another to the Dolium . petrosum of Conrad, which occurs also in the Eocene and Miocene deposits of Oregon. From this locality there are five species, all of which are badly preserved casts. One of these is a Natica, and the rest are spiral irasteropods whose generic positions are very uncertain. In Mr. Richardson's 1873 collection the fossils are altogether Creta- ceous. The Conchocele, for which a new specific name is proposed, is associated with fragments of Baculites and Ammonites ; and the Nucula truncata, although belonging to the same sub-geuus (Acila of II. and A. Adams) as the Tertiary Nucula Conradi of Meek, is not only very distinct from it, but is still more closely allied to the N. bivirgata of Fitton a fossil characteristic of tiie Gault of Europe. The coal-bearing rocks of Vancouver and the adjacent islands, with their associated shales, ic, have been referred to the " Chico group " of American geologists, a formation which is considered to be synchronous with the Upper Cretaceous of Europe, as recently defined. There is little room to doubt that these views are essentially correct. The lithological char- acters of the Upper Cretaceous strata of the Pacific Coast and of those of Europe are widely different, and it is reasonable to suppose that the phy- sical conditions under which they were respectively accumulated were as diverse. In the Cretaceous rocks of Vancouver or California it ia difiicult GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 11 to find exact parallels for the five divisions which are usually characteris- tic of the Upper Chalk Formation of Europe. In the Vancouver region it is not unlikely that the beds referred by Mr. Richardson to his " division A," may form the base of the Chico group. The specific relations of the larger portion of the most character- istic fossils in the present collection have not yet been ascertained with sufficient certainty to throw any light on this point. So far, not even a single species from the Vancouver region can be proved to be actually conspecific with an European fossil. Several shells, however, are common to the Chico group of California and to that of Vancouver and the adjacent islands. The series from the " Lower Shales " of Gal)riola Island is too small and the individuals too imperfect to aiford much help in the elucida- tion of the relations existing between the deposits above and below them. Cinulia obliqua of Gabb ranges from Mr. Richardson's Division A, up to his Division D, and Nucula trnncata, Gabb, occurs both in the " Lower Shales " of Gabriola Island and in the " Middle Shales "' of Hornby Island. DESCIUPTIOXS OF NEW SPECIES. The following descriptions arc. to a certain extent, provisional. As, in certain cases, the essential characters of the genera cannot be definitely ascertained, owing to the unfavorable state of preservation of the fossils, some of the names may have to be modified or changed. At the same time as the species appear to be new, it has been thought better to de- scribe and fi;:ure them, in the hope that better specimens may soon be obtained, which will enable mure accurate and complete descriptions to be given. Lueino lildtardHonii, nov, sp. — Shell obliquely semi-orbicular, some- what inflated, very inefjuilaterul, nearly smooth, with faint concentric striations. Umbones prominent, nearly marginal, dorsal slope almost straight, and making a rounded anule with the posterior part of the shelK which is slightly subquadrate. Anterior portion of the test, beneath the beaks, obliiiuely rounded ofl' towards the ventral margin and almost trun- cate. The outline is somewhat like that of Loripes dubia, Gabb., but our shell is destitute of the concentric ribs of that species, its umbones are nearly terminal, and the test is much shorter anteriorly. Localiti/. — Nanaimo River, Vancouver Island, ten miles up. Collector. — Mr. James Richardson, to whom the species is dedicated. Conchocele cretaeea, noc. sp. — Shell elliptical, somewhat quadrangular, inflated, beaks terminal, anterior; front endshallowly concave, making an acute angle with the ventral margin ; base broadly rounded ; posterior extremity slightly convex, forming an angle at its junction with the dorsal 12 NOTES BY MP. J. F. WIIITEAVES. margin. Two keels extend, on each valve, from the beaks to the posterior end, each of which incloses an excavated space of which the interior is the smallest ; the outer area thus circumscribed is broadly lenticular, while the inner one is rather shorter and much narrower. The outer dorsal ridges are somewhat convex, and the area inclosed is only slightly higher Avliun the shell is viewed laterally. Surface ornamented with fine sub- equal concentric strife. Conchocele disjuncta, Gabb, the only previously known species in this genufs, is a larger, less oblique, and more trigonal shell, straightly truncated anteriorly, whereas C. cretacea is distinctly concave in that region. In our species the [irominent keels are entirely dorsal, and are separated from the ventral margin by a considerable space, indeed by the whole siphonal end of the shell, whereas in C. disjuncta the ridges make a boid curve from the beads to the posterior dorsal margin. The outline of this remarkable shell is so different from its nearest ally, that a new specific name has been proposed for it. It is possible that when larger series ol specimens can be compared, our shell may prove to be only an immature state of the type species. The marked differences between the two shells, however, as well as the circumstance that the (_' ii'juncta is described as a Miocene fossil, while the Vancouver Island shell is almost uncjuestionably Cretaceous, seem to justify their separation. Astarte Cardin'oides, nov. sp. — Shell ovately-elliptical or sub-quad- rangidar, very unequilateral, bluntly truncate both in front and behind, but much narrower behind ; flattened or only very moderately convex. Umbones depressed, placed at about seven-eighths of the length from the anterior end; hinge line slofiiug gradually downwards; an ol t ise and barely perceptible angle runs from the beaks to the posterior ventral mar- gin ; posterior end su!)-truncat*3 ; veuaal margin very slightly convex; anterior extremity wider than the posterior, also subtruncate, but more produced towards the ventral margin. Test thick, with a crenulated inner margin : the s;'rface ornamented with tolerably strong concentric cost?e. Named from its close resemblance to some of the Liassic Cardiniae. LocaUty. — North West Bay, Vancouver Island. Colk-ctor- — Mr. James Richardson. Astarte VanooiWf-rensis, nov. s^,. — Shell oblong, very ineqnilateial, beaks almost terminal : very short in front, prod\iced and somewhat point- edly rounded behind ; test thick, margin crenulated. Surface with con- centric costse, much as in the preceding species. Locality. — North West Bay, Vancouver Island. Also coast a little W. of JNorth West Bay. Collector. — Mr. James Richardson. The interior characters of the two species just described cannot bo I i GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 18 T I ascertained, but from the thickness of the test, the crennlated border, and surface markings, it is evident that they both belong to the Astartidte. Their outUne is not unlike some forms of Cypricardia, but the grooved ribs seem to place them in the typical genus Astarte. Only two or three specimens of each were obtained, and these appear to be water worn and are otherwise badly preserved. At first they were thought to be extreme forms of one variable species, but a more careful study of the specimens has led to a diflerent conclusion. Locality. — Below Dodd Narrows. Collector. —Mr. James Richardson. Tellina Meekiana, nov, sp. — Shell ovate, compressed, very inequilate- ral ; beaks one-third of the length from th<' anterior end, not very promi- nent, pointing ^slightly forwards ; hinge margin sloping down somewhat rapidly to the posterior end, which is narrowly rounded, much more so than is the opposite termination ; base, elliptically convex. Test thin, ornamented with close, fine concentric striae. As none of the characters of the interior can be made out in the only specimen collected, it is by no means certain whether this shell belongs to the Tellinidse or Veneridae. Its outline is singularly hke that of Mere- trix lens, but the thinness of the test, the characters of the beaks, the sculpture, and flatness of the Gabriola Island shell, seem in favor of the view taken. Locality. — Gabriola Island. From the Lower Shale, or Division B. Collector. — Mr. Jumes Richardson. Fasciolaria iiodulosa, nov. sp. — Shell angularly fusiform ; spire point- ed, rather short, about one-fourth of the entire length of the shell, or less; body whorl conspicuously angulated below the suture, somewhat ventricose ; canal long and tapering, almost straight. The upper volu- tions are undulately ribbed, and the body whorl is ornamented with raised nodulous, distant tubercles, or elevations, at the angle below the suture ; their interstices are widely excavated longitudinally. The whole surface is covered with sub-equal, somewhat flattened, strong, transverse revolv- ing ribs, and the shell is also faintly striated longitudinally. As the interior of the shell is not visible in any of the specimens collected, it is impossible to say whether there are any plaits on the pillar or not. It is provisionally placed in the genus Fasciolaria, on account of its close agreement in external characters with some recent species of this group, such as the F. fusiformis Lamarck, from I'ort Philip. It may prove to be a Fusus, and indeed it bears no very reno ;» '•osemblance to F. Mexicanus of Gabb. ; still, it differs from that shell in several important particulars. Locality. — Nanairao River, Vancouver Island, two and a quarter miles up; also Protection Island. Collector. — Mr. James Richardson. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fio. 1. Luclnft Richardsonii. 2. Conchocele cretacea, 3. Astarte cardinioides. 4. " Vancouverensis. 5. Dosinia tenuia ? Meek. C. and 7. a. Fasciolaria nodulosa, view of two different individuals with the test preserved shewing sculpture. 7. b. Outline of another specimen of the same species. .■'{■:.;, ^'^■^■'.•^■'rT " 'f T,jj.z('-:ij.i^ t n. A % 2ff. AJiFi.rd Oi*i •-■t ;:tVu