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JOHN, NEW-BRUNSWICK, BY JOHN \]()\\\ ESQ., CHTTHM A (XL Vllisri: WIU.IAM Sl'HMKT r •iTV''*!^ ^'HJiill , ^ * «iifc»iwii \ EXTRACT FROM MIIVUTEN or m Ceneral Monthlj Reeling of (he Coo.cil of the Chamber of CoBBeree, St. John, IV. B. DATED Otii JVIY, H58 Mr. John Bojd, at the ronuoet of tho RMir.i ^a the pre-ont Ra Iwayn .n th.« Province. ,noro «.p, ^ /-i^'^uiM'b -^NHioii the entire populalioo, and the bo War in mind, that they are highways which owt much, and are not to be moved with ctery paiwing change of time or circumrttance ; tliey cxjn- trol much, while they admit of little control from other sources; juid, in deciding their location, local jcalou:4iej* ought to be buried, and the variouH circumataooes of our Provincial standing vuiwinl a.^ a whole- When in New Bmnawick, wo are «/it, and if one meuiWr suffer, all guffer with it; if one prosper, all partake of the pnwperity To un- deruko a line of Railway with no higher motive than to cut off trade frm one portion of our Province in order U) enrich another jwrtion. would be ungenerottfl and impolitic; but to enlarge our ..wn trade, and, in a spirit of honourable competion, to endeavour to retain in our own Province, that which our neighlxnirs have cxst their eyes on, ahoald be our chief object We come to thfl consideration of tliin matter with the kindest fool- ing toward every portion of our I»n>vince, we regard it :is the great question which directly affectn all; and be-aring this iii mind, we will endeavour to treat it in such a way as will tend to the pro«j)erity of aU. We hvn eapeciitlly no houtile feeding towards the pe<>ple of St. Andrews: jost the oppoeit«; for if no higher consideration influenced tts we know that if upon the Province there is to be hiid any burden of taxation, each part muat bear it« share, and tho a^wistance which other places render makes the burden upon us by so much tho low. Has not the immense emigration from Charlotte ('ounty to Minnesota and Oregon affected 8t. John in a degree second only to (^harkrtto, and tlirough these the entire Province ? We know by the truest testa that it has ; and if, by these great Public Works, we can prevent Ihu ooattnnal drain Westward of our best settlers, (for it Is generally the OMMl enterpisiaii and energetic who emigrate), surely the whole Pro- ^^-nfle-tMiKfui'-.l-inSI mmm ▼incc will bo brnpfitt<»(l, in every «uoh pwfl umn an.l woman who nhtdl be mmiuHl in it. Tho«5 emigmnt.. woro not ponniIe«H whon they left m: they took with them Thoiisandi of IN.un.lH in guM, ami who can CHtiiuatc th(.< weuhli whicli their strung arms curried in them:'' They left UH not becuiwe they had found, or will find in tho«o place« of the Fur \Vt«t, ii better country lor the pntM of lumlMr upoculations from tho ftlowrr, but, in the vtv\, more Huhstantial rewnrdx of tho Farm. In France, during tho reign of tho first Vapoleon, and in a IcMier degree Minco, the army absorbod tho wtfing yovin;:; men, leaving nfrri- culturu ia tho liand^ of wnmeii and dicrepif nld men Here, the lumWr trudo haH bn)Uf;ht iip»ii us a likr curse and itj* effect upon tho agriculture of our country, has b-en almont identical. Habit,«« of gambling and waMtofulness have, in many instance-, taken the placo of thrift!, and economy; and tho land, uncared fir. has b<«ct, and out of pock«'t. Men unable by the produce of their farms to nii>*<- suffici* nt «riDg, the latter, like I'hanmh'.M lean cattle, bn.s ate up the fat and wtdl-tW vonred, and thu.>< having l<»-t all, with encrgid waited, and pniperty gone, his «pirit.s have full'iwed bis pniperty, and the counfr)-. ini^tcadf of the true cauic, — hii» own inconstancy and fi>lly — i.-^ charged with his ruin. In all hia bul>»tc<|ntnt thangC;; he findi, iv* he fmind herr that " the rolling istoue gatlurj* no mo8j».'* Kzpcrieuco proven that in flu>.M? countries* where tiKxl i.s abundant and cheap, there population by Immigration rapidly increases, and the rcverMc where IckkI ie sewee and dear. We find that from the .scarcity and dearnet« of food, amon^r other causes, t few yearn. Now what we require in, an agricultuml population Kvery pmctical working farmer who conw.s among us is so much solid wealth in prtiductinn and consump- tion. A fiKMl-j>roducing community creatw a itianufncturing romrae- nity, the flour and the elotli mill .«uon rise up in those localities; and ja all that creates wealth »uch a community six>n occapics the first rank. Here m this Province, containing an area of 32,000 Mjuaro ..■.rKvt:f^.^fa j^ gWK^al ^!^j j ; glg|?§ f; ,; *mmfst: ♦■■"wwmli ni i itumm' i n »tk um - - MatMiimmmf, 8 tl,'?nnn7'^'"^ "'"'''^' *^«"'y °^i"i<>'^^ "1" •"-ro*. we have a populnlio. ot -10.000, or an avera^ of six a.id a-half to tho 8t bope for the tide of emigration to .et in on our shores. Put llailroudH through our country, however, and we place it within tlie j.a'e of civi- hzatu>n ; then we shall have the ov.r-burdeMed labouren. of Kurope -the lumd-to-mouth small fam.erH of the Old World coming hen., t^here. fa-e from poHtiml and .^K-ial .bstaeles. against which we have oot to contend, they c^n bemne independent, anugh an agricultural and mineral district. Looking at .ur wants, tha*. of agrieuilural province and farm-iabour, we «houla direct our uttenti<.n to those seeti.mM of the country where kbour can bo most profitably en.ploy.d ; and we, at once, tur'u to the .ert.le la,»d.s wh.vh lie along the valley ..fthe Ht. John, and to thc^ pbces through which, and Northward of which, our existing line of R^way runs ^ the great fields of .successful o^ratioas wUh it;* ":^"""? '^'"'''''' country offering «,««! advant^ North*" T"' ."^ "^"'*"'' *'" ™'""'« «»"'«• Throughout Z Worth American Contnent there ar.. two rang«, of u.ounUliu» the Kook^ f.rd rtV^ ''I ^'"' r '"' '''-''^^^ -°'^' '^ »^« ^' '^^^^ «i«d on through 1'enn.ylvaaia ^ad the Northern Stat«, wb«w th«v Uke ^ckT:ta tt^ >V»^i;« MounUiuH. continuing oa and strL-i^g New Ct w.ck. uutd tooj reach im^, whore they make a boJd ent and CUi mU ivunlMjQpHnu' ' tlw St. Uwrf noe, taking up tbeir ootme on the othw ikle. Thwo moaa- tAina bordor upon iw. They do not, m m all the Atlantic Staten wutb of Ufl, run through tlio country and form an arid ridge, or back bone, nearly incapable of cultivation, but sweeping round ui. they render the Countiw of Churlattc, Queens. York, Carle t..n, Victoria. Reetigouche, (Jlouceeter, NorthumWland, Kent, Weetmorland, and King's one va»t and weU- «holtertyi ruUey. the original bed ot which hM not been disturbed by the violent upheovin^',* which nude the-i, monntain ranges ; and throughout these Counties, with Home few exceptiowi, the nil is what it haa heen for thouHantls (,fy.«r«, rich and fertilo beywdnn, Northern State of the Union, or the Siator l»ruvi«ce ; while it offer* in health an advantage greater than the v. lley of the Missiasippi-Hw adranuge which wo owe to the free bracing nir which erer ewwps orer our beauttlul vaUey of Now Brunswick. This fertility of soil, however, does not apply to Und near the ««a coast for thoi«, iM i« tho caHa in Nova Scotia, Maine, and Massachusetts, there ii a solid rocky chain running round the entire coaat. extending inward- on an average thirty niil«e, where agriculture U not so remunei»tiTe a« in the aterior. But in«id.. of this rooky belt, which is like a natural defence, wo are rich in agricultuml and mineral wealth, which, if properly worked. mM give remunenition to capital and Ubour. second to no other portion of ooantry east of tho MiHsissippi. Our Province hm «>m^?times been likened to Scotland and the Xorthm» dimionoflrehind, but the natural eapnbilities of neither of thee- wiU b«ir comparimm with those of New Brunawick ; their superiority has been wrought by their people ; their indomitable energy, directed by boienoe and supiH>rtod by caplUl, has turned the turf bogs of the one, and thi -brown h.«ath and the Hhaggy w.x)d " of th« other, into a fruitful soU rendering them the cattle suppliers of the Urge cities, from their Northeni Ix>rders even down to the metropolis of Britain. What is our position in thisresp.vt? W^ havo a Province peculiarly adapted to the raising of re*1, ours are green and fertile, yielding abundant sua- tenanc-«. Profeiw.)r Johnston, in his Report prepared for the Legislature and (Jovernmnat o! New Brunswick, gives some interesting comparative statistics of our capabilities, making the I'roductlon per acre of Upper Canada, Wheat, . 155 bush. £»''l«y. .171 Ohio, New Brunswick. Oats, Ry«. . Indian tages for raising stock, with its accompiuaimentB of Boef, Pork .Butter .Cheese, Tallow, Hides, Wool, Ac., 4c. ? And yet in the faco of all this our oira markets are not mipplied by our own fanners. Nova Scotia 8upplie« oe with Beef, Butter, and Potatoes; Canada and tho UniUni States with Flour and Pork, while inimenm tracts of the ricliest lands, capable of yielding m before stated, are lying uncultivated within our own borders, at our veij dbon! Last Summer a farmer received £250 for a field of standing Wheat, raised in Wtwtmorland, where it had often l)een said Wheat would not grow. During the same year an intelligent farmer told us he had raised Wheat sufficient to yield him fifty barrels of Flour, and witli men to laboor, he oould raise any quantity. In the vicinity of our City of St. John, where fog and sundiine are botb blamed inHtead of want of attention to tho proper culture of Wheat, thffire is a farmer who, for the last ftiteen years, has grown superior Wheat, and neither mildew or weavel has over touched it. While Wheat culture in theee caws near our City. h»»« been thus succeraful, it luui been much more io in the Countice farther North. In Kostigoucho an opinion prevailed finr a long time that Wheat would not grow there »uccoN*fully ; this, however, was tost*-*! by |,nictical farmers, and tho rt«ult« iu all inntances woro moefc satisfactory. A. Barherio, Esq., and i>. Stewart, Esq., suto tlio rceult of their first experiment, that from one ba^hol, thi.'y cleaned and gathered thirty-wvon and a half bushels of grain wiigliing sixty-six and a-half Ibe. por bushel, and this hrwi since proved u common ex|)erit;ncf, when the crop was properly attendcnl to. Of Ulouwwter, Francis Ferguson, Esq.f of the firm of Messrs. R»>bert Rankin A Co., ghres us nearly similar resuits from his own experience, and from the Reports of the Agricultural Society of I 11 that County wc gathor, that the average weight of their Wheat is sixtj- fivo Ibfl. to the ?mHh«;l, IJarhjy fifty-threo and a-ha!f lb8., White Oata forty- four and a-half Uw., and Black Oata forty-ono and a-half Hw. ; ono farmer carefully inliablo aourceH, a '! each as to irduce every one in our country tj take a deeper interest in it« advancement.— The fact id, our country in often blamed when we are uur»>lveH at faalV Inattention to the various diatKjveries which Sciont» ha«» applied to Art, to render labour more ca«y, hiuj been our chief drawback ; we have neglect- ed a proper Hyatum of dr^iiuige, the proper caro and nua.igem .'ut of manuret) — witli thoii- m odod of application i the saving of croprt, and Uie true economy of labour, in the u«je of improved nuurhinery; and oftuu wo Imvc done wrong in Hty)uting those, having no higher nuwoii to give than the very foolinh one, " our fathern did without them, and so can wo." In the ILirvcy Sottlomont, which twenty year« ag«» wan a wildi^rnciw, we have farmerH who raim* each annually two hundred bushels of Gra.'« Seed, for which they havo nnvived at their own doors Fiflam Shillings a bushel, tbuB for this Article alone nbtiining £150 ; and so well CHtablishetl ar« it> meritB, that leading American houBcs have their agents here to pureluuw it; jet the quantity raisfnl in the Unit*>d iStaU* in immtmiie ; and moro thiUJi once, have the Americans pupplietl our City with Harvey tirass Seed, which we, in our simplicity, liavo bought as a Yankt>«) Noti()u grown oq Uncle Sum's Far.n. Hero then is a settlement through which, twoutv joars ago, them was no road. Emigrant*) diwppointed by tho«5 who brought them heni, were taken »ip by the Province, tlu' cxpen»» to the country of the twenty-one familifs who founded that Settlement, wat £2,0(N>. Who can wt iraatc the wealth which that ?* invited pun-hiiscm from all pirts by udverti^'iuent ; but the difficulty of tran.Hpor- feition from bis phuviu our Pri>vincost«m»« groat Public Wurk. o.i,i>.. ,v>,,»lati.m W flow inlo • country-, wo Imv. h-r , ,. „h CanHda and the Inittsl Sua^, a^ n„tod oxamdw their CanalH and lUihrap did ...ore than a»«ht oI«.. to draw pul.lio atten- tion tU.t ..rward, aad tho vant eipenditur. Juu. h.n,,, a„.,,I^ repaid in men and producu^DH tho opmiag of tho Krie Canal in tho Stato of Now York gave a «^rl to that State, which wn. felt at uuce. oven to tho extreme' ifia«ter., St^U.vs. I wont^- j.arH ago Canada expond.d four railliotw in cut- ting Uoal« throngi, hor oountry-that oonntry through which runn tho magn.fi ont St. Tuwronro. Il.r people «aid th.y were rulned-thoy cried out «;,.nn.stth..p>li..y which would entail s.u-h a burden upon them ; the Br.t.8l, <..v..rnment hoard their crj, and in pity guaranteed the debt, and what waH th.. r.«ul,? Tho«e Oanal« that won, to caune ruin, made their country. Wheat worth only U. 6d. in tho hackwo.Kb.. wan Hc-lling at ^ on the 8oa-board, the vmt of tran-portntiou making the difference in price" which W.US thuH lo«t to the farmer, who, when (Janaln enabled him to plao^ It in too .narket. obtHined 4«. 6d., the h^en..i oo«t of transportation being to hiH boneht. And yet Home of th,^. farmer* wore loudest at f,n,t^ condomnat.an of tlu^. Can«l«, like their brethren in England, who, with dog.s an.l g„n^. l.unt.l G,x>rge Stephonnon and bin n.n. off their land, when ho attompt,Hl t, ,„ak. Hurveya for a work which w«« to rais- their country, and e»pHMlly th-ms -Iv,*, to the highcHt point of pronperitv Wherever we find Railway, penetrating, there we find .wpulation in- cr«i8,ng onormou-ly over thoae pla.v. where thoy are not. Uaa our popu- lation mcnswml during the pa«t few yoar« outride of our City? ha^not o« country population rather decroaaod? How different in tho Cnited State. Take tl... City of Chicago for inatanoe. flvo y^arn ago ther. were only forU m^^ofUa.ivv.iyoonn^ted with it ; there „ro n.w in varioun direction. aOO milo« of ILuhvay ; and in th«,c five year, thnre have boen f,0.000 ula »ddcHlto.t« p.pulation-theae being fed and supported, and a noble Cit, built by tho onngrant^ who have gone into the Hurrounding country And 'uit th... rapid increwe ui not confined to one Citv, the following statement she WH :— " ^* Buflala, Clovo'und. Siinduwky, Toledo. . Detroit, CbiiMgo, . Milwaukee. 1840. 1H.380 (■>,670 1,434 1,222 9,400 4,170 1,710 1M50. 42,300 17,735 t3,008 1,819 21,890 20.000 21,400 1855. 75,000 55,000 10,000 15.000 40,000 80,000 40,000 ThiHadvaneo.n tho population of th««. Citio- can be traced up to one Murce.andtho Citit^ show tho progr««ofthe cuntry a«.und : th.y are (^» UH. a c.mm..reial m.tuphor) like the Indo, U. our Ixxlgern, poinUng oot whoro tho Hohd figure (fthoac^unt may be found WeseetheSuto oflllinoia. which five ymn ago had a population of ^ec-fuurtl.. of a million with ninety-five mile* of lUilway, it ha« now . population of nearly two million-, and a connection with 3400 u.a7 oi 1/ i ■•Hiiiwiii immmnmk I 18 Railway, Ujwanln whicli th'- S»iil«?i advanct>d four milHonfl awl Un«! bai* advnncjnf in prito thorc r^im 'm. to 50b. an acre. The capitalintii (/ Britain liavo fiimiH!:ruo firiiih't is' ; all ar >tind wsik pajt!ii.)rtant townrton the eimt i-naKt of !':i^land' h. writ«'r in tlie hwtt nunilwr "f the I>md(»n Quarterly Rrcinr, in an inti-n*- ting arti<"le on the Pragresw of Knj^liHh Agrieulture ha.-* th«' foil )'.vin<; : — .\fter notifin;; tlie iidvanta'^«'fl (»f .\!3;riculttinil KthlMtionc. an«! th<' faelH- tien whii'liKailwa}^ !i;i\<' niidiTru to them ia vuri-x.M \vu_)h, lie.siyK, "uli'n in *• atldition W4' eonnidiT the n»ountain»« «)f eoal. iron, timl^'r, artifieial " inanurtf*. liin" and cliulk ronv»'y''* of guiino, and otluT jxirtahh- nKinoriW, '•7(K>,tMMt ,[iuiu.i« of grain, •'>;'»<» HaekM of tlmir, 71, (MM) lioamp, ;1S(),(.<)0 "fhf.p, r.lMH) t IMS <.! ini'at and noujtry. and i;>, ! HMIM mi ■•< ofHiii.vay in Kn,-;!..:!'!, and bow litrb- an- lam, who liv<' iu tl: uii'l-it .d" tliw ehana; 'f', <• in.-i-i 'Uh of th.ir maj;nitude uetil thf rt>«iiltH nri' i-o!I.><'ted and put U|>>n JiillKT." Of the iiupr^veuniitH in iIum n-fiMct in Kngland, ("liarl"' Knight thus writiM . — "Th'' lir.Ht t aek line in Kngland w;u*oiii' [>lt*^in;^ tlirough Croydon, " a .>*mall ningl • line, on whieh a mi^'rable t>'ain ot Itan donk»'yi^, J^ome '♦ thirty ytars ago, might Iv? H.-en cmwling at the rate of four miliHuu " hour, wit!t -^ -Viral frueks of st mr and lime b- hind t!i< m ; it wkm com- •• mi'iici'd in l^i'l, fini-li-il in Httlt, .nd the -ei>nti'.' mm of that day " tt'Ht' d Itf eapabilitii'«<, at>d found fliat one h(.r««' nnild driw ^nmo tbirty- " five toiiK, :it six mil * un hour am) iht-n with projihetie wiinl lui diH-lareil, •• that UuihvavH oouM never ho w-^rkyd jiro .tably. L-an donki'vs uu " longer erav. I l-'iaui.lv along tin: !'.v mils witb trucks (d -t im- through " Ooydoii, onri', p-'n-ratu'i', during; tln' dav, but thf \\!ii-t!i' and thf rr«h' " of thf locomotive are now le'Hrd all tlay long Not a f.w 1 >.id.-< of liim" . " hut ull !, >nd la asid it-i 'iu to b« •' uow-a-dayw pifwiug t'lrmgh Cnivdorj, fur, dav aft. r dav, m >rf tlum Ut:'- nii!f.:; ■ \ ■ • ! ■ ■ - T • ■*• ^t ' ••■• 1".- - • - J •place." e.e f T.T-. -.-K-^r-r-^^ ^ , J.: '.a .'.'". ;. 4^'j?.'^.' s |ggW g g ' !WJ! j?f^l HHmiumji jiiii ■Ml \ 14 One of the chief difficulties which the Rdrocatos of lUilmiys hero, M wdl as claowhore, have had to contond against, is tho opposition of the powerful class, which is chiefly beneficed by thorn, tho large land ownow and woulthj propriotora. With few exceptions, wo find them tho great Barriers to our progress in this direction. With us some seem to look upon Railways, as a portion of them formerly regarded emigrants— mere interlopers who have no right here, and who are r^^oing to destroy tho pleasant liinds which they and their fathers inherited. To us this seems the more unaccountable in consequence of tho facts which other countrioa present ol tho increased value which Railways and Population have put upon property, and which the experience of these people teaches ; soma have already had a full share of this increased value of property ,and must anticipate a large prospoctivo benefit. And, therefore, it is that we think, if they will not aid us in carrying on these Works, they should, at least, not endeavour to prevent them. In the introductio" of Railways into England, tho same classes who oppose them here gave them their violent opposition there. Foremost among them was tho lato Earl of Derby, father of the present Prime Minister, along with his son, the prenent E:irl, with L)rd Softon, the Earl of Bridgowater and others; while it has been stateii that of the £280,000,- 000 expended there, one-fourth has gone directly into the pockets of this class f(»r land and conveyancing ; this cost of the land taken, jvdded to the iacreasetl value of tho land left, shows that the gain to this opposing class has been enormous there. But the practical l)cnefita of these improvement* •oon became so palpable, that these men, in a short time, were loudest in thf ir praise, and we find the Marquis of Bristol, a few years afterwards, statin,*; at a public meeting, that " if necessary they might make a tunnc' beneath his very drawing-room, rather than be defeated in their under- Uking.'* It WHS said before by George Stepliennou, that Railways were to bo the Highways of Nations, and his Quaker friend, Mr. Pease, had said what lia, since l>een fully Ixirne .)ut by cxporienoe ;— " I^t tlio country but maV<^ the Railroads, and the Railroads will make the country.' Canada under- stands this, and well she has act.nl upon tho knowled<:'e. During the past few years Canada has expended over £.'>0,()00 on a common road from River do Loup round Lake Temiscouta towards our boundar;.- line, and at its terminus, in tho very heart of our wilderness, flour and provisions havo been sold as che^p as within fifty miles of tho City of St. John ; but Canada is encouraged to make this large expenditure on her roads, because her emigration sj-stem is complete, and her resources are \mag made the moet of, BO that her character in the CUd World is established, and when enugrants seek a row home, they naturally turn to the lands of which thoj know most. We have no emigration system, but we have reason to believe this will not be long so ; our character, and were it not for our unsurpassed Clipper •hifi, our eiwtenco.would hardly bo known beyond Downing street ; and ~\ 1 ( ' ^ \ 1 • ' \ The Knv. Dr. McLood, of Now Vnrt kh -yi^ .....0 .u.„„r„ X.?„o'' ,AV'^r:r' """'"- l«l. b"l I -Wl m .!,,„. when l'^ ^"^L. ; "'v'""*'^'" " • '»™' you. for I h»,o noticed „,oro i„te |L^ „ ^' ""^ '°°' """"'"C »"««" i» money .nd Und. •^r^onXZT,^!^"^:^'-''" '™' """* •«.....o„,.h. „„ecl.l in CXnt'^hrr^"''"';'!""''-" Stoto . With .«ch . countrv .or T. . ''"'™ "^ ""> ""»«> w. look r.r.ZZZtllZ:" ° rl '""'"8°"' "" P'»". »- W.«„d (;„.da, proating hv h ^ (S e.^ ^ " " T' '"'"""-'"• wh« the prwnt R.ilro.dm ^ """'""'■ "I""" »•" doM Ih. population of C^^lietwofn- " "T'""^ -'" "'" *« "^ »■>""■■ Cn.d«. Their bond. T^ZLt , P'"?"""'-"'''^ '« than that of ourind...,.edn., -- i^gc: wf. "ouMtVil'"*' """"' '"'*■ "-■ rule th., .pp,i„ to co,nn>nnitiZ « :: , 1 , i^:,?"":- ^f 'r'' "^'^ ' Bond. «,ll higher bccao« tl,..v I 7 !^ 'Mi'iJualj. And Canadian u..»~. of nLt3 *',■;: -°^^; -j'^' J-™ K.for.. the n.oni«, b«. been fn.,, j„.ti»,d in .hel o^^^", n ^ Jl'"^' f--""^^ b««"». wo are co»,p.rati,ol, unknow^ tlL W " "" "'-"• noni*! public in an, .hap. until iS^r .i. " "^ °"' '"'■""' ""• 8t«k. ihen w„ w«« aro.r„lki™ '"" "'" "'■"••«'' ""."'ick «~l„.ll, .dicing even :, he Wtr T' •""" "" '"" '^ wew enquired into .nd wl2„ ,, , . ,''™" f*""' " °""<«"™>" oor Bond, will rai^MhfzMf' .;;'!; ''°""" '° "" """"> ""k"'. s 16 Bat it may bo urged tUt we mo not able to bear debt, and thia id quit* true, if we remain na we are ; bat the capital we iwive will give u» ad- mntagw no much greater thaa wo now have that a prowint debt (»f half a Million would be harder to bear than will be a future dobt of two milliowf, in the improved condition ut" our country, brought about by th<^ increased fecilitiw for trade and production which thouc groat Public WorlcH will elect. But it is wiid by somo, lot U8 neo how the present lin<> will p:iy boforn wo continue it in another direction. There cmnot be gruaU'r folly than t^. arguo on such a Iwiai*, for the prwient line, iBolaUnl, commencing und ending where theni \b no other Railway connection, cannot under Huch circum- «tancH of this oounw mu8t appear to the hiafi thoughtful. From our previouB remarks it will bo swn that wo have had in view wo idcaH : one, a connection with the larger comio rci.il comiiiunitiee of hii> continent ; the other, a better mode of comiuunioatian through the a«t country whieh I ie« within our Iwrders— both of primary importance he latter, we think, modt m. Our iir(!«i«nt line of Railway, when fminhed in b't*,0, will have c«w«» i:800,0(»0 ; of thin £(i00.000 are for construction, and C2iK».<)(K) for rolling tock und Htationn. Now if that line pay only thrw p-r cut. over work- ng expenstw, which, we think, it will do, we can then ^jvud f HM».(KK» on RftllwuvH elsewhere, thin throe p«'r ctmt. on XHO<>,(M)l» providiii;; La- tluil, which, with JCIOO.IMH) which St. John itn-U Hhoiild luwuiu" um a jiroj^crty tax, would provide for thw extension of the line wt*tward nevt nty milen to the Ampri«>an frontier, if it be dewidiyi to tike the n.uUe an Hurveyed t'lrough the DougiuH Valley. Th«'r.' liave been two HurvcyH made to the w.v.tward in thi-* Province ; thv Houtbern Hurvey, which ruim along the oant, would not we believe prove so atlvantageouH iw the northern, for in the latter, with the «xc.}p»ion of a wliort diHtnneoateithereud,wehttveaeountry,riehandfertile,tliruii-hwhieharia«» ean be tniMily mud'-, and along which the tracts for wttlein 'iit ar.> of the moct fevorable character. By taking this eour«e through the N.-r-'iiin and Hougliu- Vf 'ley, joining theSt. Andn-WH line north of the OromcK'to Ijik'H.w.' not only secure a rich country, but the line in lirought within tw.inty mih>»« of th* Boat of (Jovernment, whence a branch <-ould Ix- made at an ■xpu'^- o? £ 140,00«», and which Mhould Ixs carri.nl on at tlu- s;iuie time, Fr.d' rl.ton, lik. »t. John, aflHuniing a due prop)rtion of tlic cont of thin Hii-. But ftum'> may o'ycct on the part of St. John, to a^-ume any direct liabil- -^^i^MZ-*^ n ity in this unaortnkini? • if »<, ""UN u Load, (u 1,0 coiuiMtro.! win. n , ' * ^''^'^ ''«• '»'>->ut ^-P--, wi,. ,., .„..^,.^,^, ; - - r . «uc an inor..,, ;„ taxu.io.." Z pr.u..worth^ ...orgy i. ,,..!„„.. ,^1'' ?":' '^' ^^^'''^- «t. An.Jro.v. v,^U «;•". and N.„ v,„t ^ „„,, ,„" ' -; *™ct c.„^ ,,,, ,, -■ ;-• •J .,..-1, „„, .,„^ „,,-, , „ V >" "•^'"'' S-'ly rn.f.r .„ CI iiave than...! ,, ' ^ ''"^ '""' ^vatoroj hy t{,, c. r , ^ " "^ ^'""'•■^ ^^'" 1» .»•.• *■ ' ^^'- J% Wiii il;^vo f ■'.?/,'.,-.■ T \ 11 • oonncetfon with the St. Andrews Hno^ whore we shoald be pri^pftred to meet them ft^in (»ur huIk Wh m ly ri'ut iii^iiuridl t'ut th'» lii;;lii'r up .»i» the present Hno wj ar.« emu ft 'd with thj N.>rtli, thj luiri sar-ly will tho' truJj C!?ntr(i h.jr.t, aivl tho in )ro dir.K't will bo lln- iiilv.int is? w t > th ) Pr»vinc ) and t() U8. ir WJ lo »k ut tho M.ip of our PrtviiKv, w' find this uppor CDuntry uf imin 'tis • oxtont ; iVitm nil qunrt'TH w.« hivir in.irv'll mih arPDUtiti of its fcTtility — .>f it:^ rich |ir.iirii> land — it»t ni;i;»nifioL'nt tn irxhcn— if-i iin- 8urp;iMSi«d w.itr privil'gM. Cin such a country lun^r r'm:iin unkn »\vn to th!< gr.Mt mis>*'« HViliin;; a naw 1 wtition? and will nit thiw^ wlio, first, by gojd c.)muiiiniciti.)a, s-oan thu tr id.j of such a ountry, Dtiiu it } Tho^o arc H'ri »ur* cj.iM.ijns tor us t) cjusidor, an I w.m'iun"^ b.it tuiD d.irk an- swer, which pr,'30iit n^;;K>,-t on our jvirt will nriro tlun juntily. During t!io pr.»8>nt Sumin.'r, thero ia nn oini;^r.iti m of lO.OiM) (; rnims going in ono h )dy intj tho Aro.wto tk, and m >u will thcH- diM.v20.0(MI, and before we are aw.iro of it, that fino country will bo a busy hivo of induwtrv, yielding wealth in rich abundane • ; nhall we not liid for a jurt of it? |J.Our 'iiv.T, ram.ing through the great t part of tlii.-* iiu n-nHe t-rrit )rv of Maine and New ISranswiek, having iLs outlet in our liar!>our, rend.-ra thin the natural nliipping p>rt of thin country. N > railnmd can deprive us of this great river advantagi-, but a road t!ir^»ugli Am rican territury. with no brancii on our wid », may djreet much tratle from u«. With riv r and rail- road me 'ting h .r.', thi«j unitinl. mus^t Hooure t» us nearly all tlits trade of that innuense Country. There are hkuj wIio nay we refpiire n > railway here, that the river is Bulliei'ut. Hit. for five m inthM in t!»o ye.ir, our river is closml ; railn)ad.s are always i>ji-ii ; t!)> railway g > -h throigh the heart of th.» country, ojcn- ing up and k 'tiling it.an.l all cx|K'rienoe proves, that wh -rever railways and water have e mi j int » coinp-nition, tho advantages of tho former (tver the latter greatly prevail, while t')gethor they mak- inere;u»i.d work one for the other. Bearing on lhi^^ point we note the full iwing in Stephens mV f.ife : "Tlio ♦' opening of tlie main line id r.iilway in Kiiglaiid, in \'<:)f<, sun pro\. I t!,o " fallatiouhiii-Ks III Km; rasli pr ipliocii* pr..miilg,it<'d Uy tin- ..jijmii •nt*'. Tho " pr..pri.'t.irsortht. r of '53, m mad-' uphyMr. \V. A. MLuii. who h.i I ohargoof thochiof p)rtion of them. This, bt it h^ n>ti;)kau.lT..',i.,.i.«. and i to tho (Jrmd FalN. and during th:* Mm.' p.^ri od ther.- po-wd down of AiUL«rican manulaoturod Pino lurabw»r alono 2i) Million .ShinKloH. worth £0 !.'» por M. •5 " C"Iiiph,Hir«lM, •5 " H»ard«, lo.nm) KiiHh.'l«(Ut*«. .'), _ " P.,t;iti>>«. <»0 Ti»ns Buckwhoav, •• ;U> " Outmivil, Making in th<>i»o artio|.>H aK»no coaung down, thi> Hum of I'J .. It) i) 2 4 10 12 10 (I '♦ () per buHhel. i)cr ton. JkiSl.'JTo Bo«id(-* Iar^v> :,naatiti.>. of Buttor. Cbof.«.. Cloth, Ac, in addition to what VTM nm^l tli.'n.. a prodiu-ti.n whi.-h roidd hav,>hA „ incn«.u^d l.y pmuhuion and railroads thirty /;.1,I. From the nmall villa-o of Bri.i^-wat.T. '2'> miU-n above W.MHl«tock, un tho American hjU,.. tht-ru «u«, ia«t y.-ar, an .■x|)..n of five million of «hiuKl.n.. valu..! at ^lo.tHM), }H^it].-« lar>,'e .juuntiti-B of other lumlK-rand farmiii- iii-.Kl.u-<' ; and .lurinj,' la«t Wintor thi-rt- were, on an avoniK", thirty fams daily .-ntoring Bun-or with produce from thoAroos- U)ok, taking luick Ih-'ir rL-turnn in ^uppli.•8. Th'coflt of a lino to Fn.>iorioton, and joining the St. AndrewH* line in the way «tated. would not exeooil much the co«t of joining; it by g,>. ni« through the DoughiM Valley, nmnei-ting lower, as first named ; it would not e.ve..Hl ITtM.tMHi. which would place upon unan entin- debt of not more than i.l..,(M(.(MM», whuh would entail an interent at m,mt (even if the works prt time they would jviy full intenut on the cost. The Bos- ton and Maine Ruilpoad. with no >;reater advantages at tin*t than wo havo paid Irom the fir,i from s to 'J ,>.3r coat, profit, never loee tLw 7. and why Mguld iwt thiM propowd lin« ? ■ -i-fli *;b^v.i^^ir>-' w'gT;m.tSr& ^ i?:'; 5- ^JiJ ^^»- ' r? !!»** so » I ' A«*» tho ohj«y»tinn to pny por cent, for <*apita!, whoro h tho morchant who, in our ooimtry, would in)t glmlly pay thin, wUon h« rniw u pntfitihlo ichfimo fur iii\ytmont? Tlio mhiiio ml' applii-H to thi' utiito iivn'lmnt ; iind thiH oajtitul iuvimtitl irx RuilraiilM hrro, will yi^'Ul ut ii roturn lar Iti'yond the int«'ri«t, ivon hail ro tu juiy it, which, h iwovor. I lun SiitiHliixl, wo Bhnll not Ix' nillwl ujvtn to do, Aj^iin it irt objpftod that in no country d » Rillr ).\ l.< piy an a buro uivo«t uu'nt ; Eiij^lund in hcM uji iHjforo iin iu this (•ounwtiou, tliiTi' tiny pay only fu'.ir p<'r oont. nu an nvL-rago, Imt it h!uiuld In* n niL'iiiU>rod that Kiil- nuidB th('r'> luivo oost at thu ritt; of t;ir), a tinh«, ciii^'d hy (.xiK'ni'ive stations, purchaHO ol ri>;Iit of way, and cost oflogislatittn ; in Tru-tcia they pavHixund a-qaurt; in Fnim •• sis and iin-'-ci^hth percent, at a cost of X'Jj. (100 a luilf ; in tin- I'liitttJ Stati'N fiM) an, tli"ir moutldy lino WK-n bM..'auio fuitui-htly. and thi^ will *>'m ho W. .'kly. Th.-y have thus thrown into the lap of Canada tho )«;nPtitH of h.r own trade, which Cunard and Collins formerly had; they have lar;,'«dy increa-^-d that trade while th.'V ar" pn.plin^ the eoiintry with the In-Jt class of .M-lth.r.H; thfyhavo plactil (.'aii.ula in tlie fure-fronl of commer.ial ctmuuunili.fl; thf-y have rejvud the orijiiiml investment ; and, greater than all. they havo convcrtod tho very croakej-?* who opfKMJcd theiu into their warir)e«t advocates ! Th.-irHueer-jii is (']ii..ny uttrihutahlo to tliis fact: they reli..Hl upon their own exertions. inst<-ad of upm (iov.-rnment nppropriatir.nn ehielly— they placed their fares at figure* -^^-hieh imlue.-d the emigrant to iwi«h'..v. r in them, and tlie merchant to fn-ight them; they ran in connection with their Kail roads— their ageatfl w. ih ,imple information, were in every i«irt of the Lnited Kingdom, > u ? ^: building uj. tin ii <..untry in a degr.H» wluch. othctwijsc, could not haie Iwu imagined. Kay wuy« on land in all »)Mt T Rssar?-^" B«fr ^^o&tri«l«, aiv^ iho fnmnnn of Oet^n RMtratbipi. Th<« )m«^ and pr>iitinil in our ixMitiunn, wo Imvp ooinui tt thuy havo nut, unU wiiiuli will in the futum t«>ll puworfully in our favour. By thl« ponnection witli Ciuwla, Nt>w ItrunHwick would hUi \^n^Htm>^ tho Wnrki^linp for II lur>;«' |»'irticin of that fiuulry. We hcijevo iiwri) tn, or Wiiit H hhort tiiai! Hincc, only one Must i.rniicv in all tliut country ; that iron Hti'i I'liul arc nut fuunil ttn^riN and that tho chiiiin tlii)««t othttr pliict>K ; the incrcawil dcinaiKl of rtuch a cuiiittr), should iiniuiMliiitc'ly 'pou up tlji.«« hr^nchcw olOur prtnluctivc wi>alth. .Not <»uly won! 1 iron and «>ttl Iw sont thero, hut wo eljould from our fwMliticx Inxoin" the nianuracturin(<; ccntns for that country, uf articloti which aro mado from coal and in)U. The va.st advantu);).*5i which our mt>(dianic;i in all r.uu'IiVs Would thus d'rivo fruu such a conn-vtiun uiunt \)<} ap|»ar».'Ut.— Lucjinotivu muuulaotori(>M HUrtcnl iu ('anuv<>. fuihd in ovury indtauoo, uwin^ to llio cx|>tfnHo of procuring? tho ataplc« iwcd in their mnnufiK-turo : and tlicir Amcricuii Dci^hlK)urH haru drivtin them out of thoir own market*". Tho Ncw Brutwwiiiker in tuvn. if tlisho works uro com|ilctod, can ilrivc the Aui'"rican munufacturor out of t'au:uU. iiy fMich mcauH, tijo uiuch-l'j-lx'-iadt<, hiw^n «tonu tithe of our advan> tagc.H, for they have n.>t a ^nat iKiok iocdjuij country like ours, to ,>«npjKtrt them. In lf*\'), witlioul Kaihvuyt*, tho j«ipulitiun"i' l\irtluuvl \vu« l'i,(,M)0, in ton years it had iucn.'oiH'd to UT.'liM) ; in lH4o the fon'ijj;n iiujHirtrt of Portland were ;J;1'),00<», in iMu.'j thoy were ;J3,20<>.»H>0 ; in IM'i the valua- tion of tho City prop.-rty wiw ;^4,t);j('),tMHt, in l>o'> it had rcachi d tho immcueii' 8um of ;j;ilt),(XMI,«HH) ' A farmer in Illinni.H, writing a hhort time ainco of the introdu*'tion of lUiilwayH, Muyrt he had invested j>!?(Ht in a Kaihvay, and if ho never rwoivcU ouo cent of it again, he wiw ujoH) than re|)aid in tho advuntagort which thin mode of communication atforded hiui. Whilu tho advantiigcH of direct communication with tho United Su\to« arc very grmt, Htill in a new country Iik(> thi.s, where wo are not able to couMtnu't llailwayp to benefit directly every p)rtion of it, we mur«t, while aiming at tlii(<, not lose mght of tho greater necc«»ity of opening up and BQcuring tho trade of our own country, with ulUmuto counoction with Canada. K^aF''^ i^ Xi-.iti . 'Jt *^^Tfj-iflf*/*»'M'' *^-ffy ?^f € *■■ ;? I By the route proposed we should secure connection with our own tipper country, Canadn, and the Umtwl State.'., nnd then 'tc nro in a p>,Mtion to connect with Umt lino, the project fitr which !« now 'ving rov ivnd, (and fn>m what wo have alnaiy Icarnod, with every jirosp'ot (ifsuccjHs.) having its ocean terminus at llaliiax, or farthir eastward, extcndinn; on to Quehoc, and there joininj^ the grcator Ruilwjiy which will ultimately 1m» formtvl from the Atlantic to t'le I'ac'.fi". liOokinjr at our p>sition with regard t > Lower Canada, St. J thn inu!«t yet biHvnno the Winter s.yipurt of that country if wo prepar'> for it ; Portland has alrrvly taken from -.is a portion of thin trade, aiu'. the R'^>graphieal and political h',»aring» of our Pruvinc with Caniid.; r-ud >r if niH.v.'UMjiry that thi« trade Bliould n.tt e.ict<>nd in thut dir»?ction. The ('anadiiinH pr.'for an outlet through British ti>rritory. nnd surely, when it in so plaiulv for our benefit, w.^ Hhiili n t honitate to meet them. We sliall tlteu Itr" »vjthin a day's travel of Quebec, the ditittnce from St. John vi.a the D.uighus Valley bein;^ .1S,> niile^j — via Frinlericton 3'J.O niiles, while from Portland to Q«el)cc the diHtiinee is 4.'>3 miles. Wo look forward to tli'» early action of (jroat B.-itain in iidoptin^ as lior own, the cont-iuplated schcmj for unitinj^ t!ie Kittt<.'rn and Wist-'m llv'ini- 8phori!«, by the Atlantic and Pacific Itaiir oatl ; the advanta;;ea to Britain of such a connection must ap|viar to the most casual o'^.Tver of her |tri«tmt and p^i-^t diffi<'nlties in the E.kit. It vv tuld give her. in i .mtr dliu); theso difficulti.'i*, iidvantjigfS wliich would far uutwtM;^h tlu' fir.'^t eo;rt n»'ar u.^. must bo the Atlantic terminus, Vancouver's Island, the probable Pucilic terminus, conneotin;; tlivre with tlif KaJ't Indies and C'liina !>v p iwurful SteauiTs. Oar canu'etitn with Cunaila will place us in a din'ct line with this <^u^,il work, and Si. ,1 .!iii, in a few years, may thu.« ris^ to the p>.iition of he Livi'rjM >\ nf Britiili Am Tira. f To ur^i' on our C mniry in this race, fur t!ii' great pri:?' of Commercial supremacy, should be a chief object of all en);i;4.«d in busines.'i l»er<'. In no part of the world do luisine.-** men work banler t!ian w.ijo, C.mijKuni)^ our hours and habits with l!ios.'of tb" ialm'>itant.- ofotlier jart« of Auit-riea or of BriUiiu, we are overwork 'd in a bi^b dcj;n,r. Karly m >rii and late night find aa in our counting-rooms and warehoiis's, and this incn-a.-^ing divution t > our own busin'^Hs beg"t«n neglfHrt »>r forgetfulnew of pulilic busin.iss, and \M' may find wln-n it is too late tliat this intcns* busin--**** si-rvility. which has caused nfl t ' low sight of th<« greate' <'!aims of our Country, ]ui-* aU \ taken from u« Diui'b of tbos' public advantages wbii-h gave to us our private liusini*ss. Inst4'ad, too, of allowing j^ditical jMirti/Hinship, t r geographical accidents, to siiiulc our eyeN and dull our poreeptions — instead of looking at a (iovcm- ment merely as the disptJtiserH of patronage, to be torn asunder at every new apjxtinlnient — let u^ assiHt in earrying inti> efTc-et broad and stati'sinudike vicw.'i on tht>'; great questions (d' Railroads. Kmigrutii-n, the s-tthiucnt of our Wild Lmdf, Oi-enn Stc*am Navigation, Ocean Fishcricf, Miuif , our Agricultural and Mwiul'actuxiDg Pyw-.T. TLia quootiva of r*Uiyti.)nal intoroHt«, one asrainst th« other.-the North agaiMHt t!.e S ,utl., and tl.o K,.«t again.t the \V...t.-let uh unit, on o.,r com- mon Country and n. tk.^ it what it ou..',t, and will !>., tfu, fr.. pn>Hp„rou9 Prov.nc of N nv-nrun.wi.k, wh,»«. hardy h ,n.s will mm for thonu^olv.-H, in tho.r.uvnC.untry, t!,at w.ult', and prosp-rity which tfu-y H.ldom fail to seonr. w,.,.n th.y «., to th.«.., land, wl.or. th..„. i.s hoj,. f..r th.ir ont-rpri^ and payu, nt (or th-ir labour ; and thus inHHvtd of ,...Mn^^ uh w. hav.' t .0 olt>n.s...n. ...r w ,rkin;,Mn.n Lavin- us for tho Far West, wo h!>uII have th... pusu,,.;. on in their own land th..., w,.rk8 of entorprin.. in whi.h th.-v novor (a.l to tak • tho I.-ad a'.roid. and I., bl -hshI with that h.-alth which '^ tou niton l.Ht in tho ..uc Hwan.,« .,f tl.c Far W.,^t, or an.id tho arid plains of till" farthor Eii -c. In tr.ntinc ofthi.H M.'.joot w,j havo only takon the conun<>rcial view of it , and ID tf.i.aHp..,.t w.M.fcm.rs.in.-lud.^impr.v,.! P>*talarranxon..;nt8. Thoa.lvan- ta-.v, ,,} K.uiway- tn o.,r country in time ,.< war \uxh n..t K..., allud.,1 to l».«j,'. i -.-.v^ may it b « bT. .n- w- r- .,uiro t.. h...k at it in thin li^^ht ; theol- r wo are or.ui-'.t to our Am Ticm n.-i^rhbour^-tho more we m.x t ther-the lea. will .ur p..|iti,,al Hnta-..nisn. manifeHt it« -If In this a^, „r Itiliuri m- ««m the l.,.>om,.tivo i. the j;r.nit.-«t paoifM-ator. the spirit of Cmmeree i, «tr .r,;,,.r than the d -m m ..f War : and the ,„,.re we arc conncefxl with -or no.;;,, M;,rs by .r,.n band., the le^s .hall wo Ih> di.j«.m.Hi to bruik tho con- neoti.m with ir,,n balh. The loll..,vn,:r letter. fp.m.I (i. (i. Layton. K<., . anionhant ofour city, IS annexed in furtlw r corroboration r.f the ^.tatcinent.. rolafive to the a.v'rien!tur:.l eapabilitics of New I5rtinswi<-k, No one h.-.s I, .d a bertcr opportutiity fi.rfonninu-a correct jud-inont on this point than Mr. Lay- ton. I.ohavin- I „, i;.i nuny years, a practical fanner and President of the !\..iif Aj.'ri(nltural Society:— Saint .John, .Inly >fli. ls.')}S. J. Bavn. Ksg._r>KAU Srn :-I with pleasure .•on.plv with your mpie.t f.. fun.i.h you with the rcult of n.y expen.'uco .d' fannin- in .New lirunswick. From n.y first arrival in this Province, twentv-two jearsairo. up to within the la..t four years. [ havebe.>n ahvavs n.ore o'r les, enga;rel n, that pursuit, and now regret havin- been allu'red therefrom by the apj,.,nn'ly ni .re prosperous condition (d" the n.(>r.Mnf;io cdasses I have travelled in the Pnit,.! States, from Mai.ie ro .Maryland south, and throu^'h Ohio to Kentucky west, aKv.iys with au ai^ricultural eye, wa I have come to the c^acluiiuu (ua repotttc'd; that were 1 afc-aiu to go "■•<*«M^^,-;, I ", | I .HH |lil j| . «. y^ * I I M 2* to ikmin,o,,t Ire,- „„d the li-.hlo,t tnxod Tors' :1?;if:;r'"''?' "'"""™' -"'■ '"■" ''-'-' i"sv.;,„„.„m; yi«r,.vo «|„|o,hesjMe„, >,eceK,ao-t« suec,™ i„ ll,o rimoj Slates L "M^iri;:':"'''" "^•'■- ""•' ■"™^^ «- '-» -"^ yi.'l.!- as al,u,„la,„lv a« in ,1,.. Jiri.is , I ' ,■ A . • """L""''' "'"' -^:^;i:::;i:':;;::t:rr''.t"''T';''''"^''™''="''''' "■■'■'» to barl-v .uluir,. a ,.1^; T"'' "'"»""• --"""h appl,- en..a..v wen, :.li,: ;,: : "irr,-:.:^ :^'; """" ,':■- ■"'■''" »I.aari,lr„rtl,,t,rr.n ■n,„ ""'"'"''■''"•■•- (•'="<«1I.V iN «... dry f.n„i,4, :t r: '::"' '"'": "■" ^^^ "■'""" ■•"^r.i'« -"•'i„.ba.i I nin yours ro^JlOt■tl'ully, •J <' <.' 1.AVT0X 4