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Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la mAthode. >y errata ed to int me pelure, >9on d 1 2 3 32X t- iljr-f—mJnUf *- tai i TV- 3455 b iNTED BY »THEeMMPMIOBTH-WEST» c (eUMITED.^} > •« *■ dpDll Jlop-WE^T LAjlD LIMITED. ^t0m*-^ 5,000,000 ACRES F The Most ProdDctive Agriiftltoral Li MANITOBA AND THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. Town Lots in the rapidly growing Towns and Cities o Line of the CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY, the Trans-continental Route of America. For Maps, Prices and full particulars concerning all ! and Town Lots offered by the Company, apply to their A as follows : ALEX. BAIN, 360 Main St Winnipeg, Mi J. F. FRAME, Virden, Manitoba. A. G. THORBURN, Broadview, N.W.T. SALTER M. JARVIS, Qu'Appelle Station, N.W.T. ALEX. L. LUNAN, Regina, N.W.T. W. H. WHITE FRASER, Moose Jaw, N.W.T. OLIVER NEFF, Moosomin, N.W.T. OR TO TIXE Head Office for Canada, 65 K'wg Street East, Toro, E. B. OSLER ) W. B. SCARTH 5 Managing Birectoi F. Jt GOSLING * Socretor: * aaA««<'**«*^>M(«*««'i**VMii iiiMiiii mmiii \ Ci A In Kt ■►:* Canada North-West Land Comp* y LIMITED. -•-♦►♦- A PRACTICAL HAND-BOOK FOR MANITOBA And the North-West Territories, CONTAINING Important Informatiori iov Intending Settlers. CUMriLED I5Y W. B. MACDOUGALL, TORONTO : JPUNTER, ROSE & CO., PRINTERS, 25 WELLINGTON ST. ■S83. * ^ * eopli'EpI'i'g. Preface. A Land of Plenty— The Canadian North- West C^eneral Description of the Country. Prairie vt. Forest. —General Features. Soil and Productions.— Climate and Seasons. Markets. Settlers First Expenses. Profits of Farming in the Canadian North- West. The Canada North-West Land Co. Practical Information. Municipalities — School System— Churches. Form of Government.— System of Survey. Government Lands. Wood and Coal. Stock Baising. Testimony of One Hundred and Fifty-Three Farmera, The Canadian Pacific Railway. When and How to go to the North- West. Advice about Sailing. Who should Come.— Time to Emigrate. Dominion Government Emigration Offices. Ocean Fares and Best way to Beach Canada. About Buying Tickets. During the Passage. Money. Practical Suggestions. Luggage. What to Take. Important Cities, Towns and Villagea. Postal Matters. List of Post Offices. Becapitulation.. Time Tables. Through Distances, Oonolusion. »i 1 ^ 4' * if. 1 rREFACE, The object of this pamphlet is to direct attention to the " Great Fertile Belt " of the Canadian North- West, which is now being rapidly peopled by emigration from many parts of the Globe, but more especially from Great Britain, the older Provinces of Canada and the United States. We present in these pages, besides a general description of the country, its climate, resources and capabilities, a useful miscellany of practical information which will aid the calculations of prospec- tive and intending emigrants, investors and travellers, and direct them while journeying to the far west. The Canada North-West Land Company, who place this little work in the hands of those interested, have purchased from the Canadian Pacific Railway Co., 5,000,000 acres of the Railway Com- pany's Land Grant in the North- West, and half of the Railway Company's interest in the sites of all the towns and villages located during construction and within one year of the completion of the Railway from Winnipeg to the Pacific Coast on the main line of the Railway between Brandon in Manitoba, and the Eastern Boun- dary of British Columbia, a distance of over 800 miles ; with the intention of reselling the same. Powers necessary to assist emigra- tion and colonization are contained in the Articles of Association. The lands purchased by this Company are for the most part ad- jacent to the main line of the Railway and in the fertile plains of Southern Manitoba. One of the conditions of the C. P. R. Land Grant is that the land must be fairly fit for settlement and this of course also applies to the lands of the Canada North- West Land Qompany. For further information than this work contains, application may b« made to the agencies and offices of the Company. . ^ I *i>«'|( i ''^ '4 V 1^ *- * A LAND OF I'f.KNTV. • ♦^^♦< THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. A country whose value It would be Ineanlty to ques- tion. LORD LORNE. This uudroamt of Dominion whose illimitable dimen- sions aliker-onfound the arithmetic of the surveyor and veriflcation of the explorer. LORD DUFFERIN. ^ T' ijIi'i^odiJgi'ioN. Over two millions of souls have emigrated from Great Britain during the last ten years ; but the natural increase of the popula- tion in England is stated to be very nearly a quarter of a million a year over the outflow from emigration. These pages are intended to show reasons why the greater por- | tion of this emigration movement should be directed to the Fertile Belt of the Canadian North- West, comprising some three hundnd million acres of excellent farming land. m \ fk ^ im. to quos- ie dimen- ceyor and }reat Britain I the popula- jf a million a I 3 greater per- j to the Fertile hree hundred ■* MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. Thoro is a striking contrast between the vastness of this territory and the smallness uf others occupied by some of the most powerful nations of the world. The breadth of the country from east to west is, in round numbers, 1,200 English miles, and its length from south to north is 1,500, giving the immense area of 1,800,000 square miles. The continental position of this vast department includes the country between 49** and 70° north latitude. In the south it stretches from 90" to 115" west longitude, and in the north from 90° to 140° west longitude. LOHD LORNB: "The Province Is a RTeen'aea over whioh the aummor winds pasa, laden with the scent of rich prrasaea and flowers, and over this vast extent it is only as yet hero and there that a yellow patch shows, some yfiguntic wheat field." ^ ' Qeneral Dsscription oi the Country. '' This beautiful land of vast proportions invites the husbandman to its virgin soil, and certainly the day is not far distant when a thriving population of millions will find there the means of pros- perity and plenty. Broad rivers cut through great coal fields near their sources, winding for many hundred miles through woodland and valley and grassy prairies of unsurpassed fertility, a region unequalled on this continent." Early in May the country is green with exuberant verdure, its *- * 6 MANITOBA AND THE NOKTH-WEST. gently undulating hills and valleys covered as far as the eye can reach with soft and beautiful scenery, surpassing, in many places, ^ the groves, lawns, and plantations, with which genius and art seek to adorn the habitations of civilized life. , A stretch of almost con- : tinuously level sward, fifteen hundred miles in length, teems with I animal life. Nature, all bountiful, has prepared abundance for man and beast. With truth may it be affirmed that these dominions offer to the agriculturist measureless fields for pasture and tillage ; to the merchant vast marts for the profitable traffic in every product of the earth ; to the manufacturer an incalculable extension of the home market for the disposal of his wares ; to the capitalist an almost interminable extent for the profitable investment of his funds, and to the industrious and intelligent emigrant an immense area of a grand country where every species of mental ingenuity and manual labour may be developed and brought into action with advantage to the individual and the whole family of man. There is an inexliaustible profusion of cereals and root crops ; plentiful supplies of timber ; large areas of coal and bitumen, iron, copper, gold and other minerals ; wild fruits of many varieties ; incalcul- able riches from the lap of abundance. The rapid construction of the trans-continental railway, which has reached a point 600 miles west of Winnipeg, the formation of powerful land companies, who will use every efibrt to induce emi- gration and settle their lands, and the liberality of the Canadian Government, all tend to the early settlement of the country, which now, in its infancy, possesses enterprising cities, towns and vil- lages, and prosperous communities and settlements. The progress of the North- West during the past two or three years has been something extraordinary, and wholly unequalled in the history of the country. Upwards of 20,000 emigrants arrived from the United Kingdom alone in 1882, and the indications are that these figures will be largely exceeded in 1883. i •* !P *• r to the to the duct of of the J list an I of his • mense ; enuity » with There ntiful pper, tlcul- hich n of >ini- . lian I lich viU irs I he m It i MANITOBA AND THE NOKTH-WEST. 7 Lord Milton said: "Ab an agricultural country, its advantRKes can hardly be surpassed. The climate is milder than that of the same portion of Canada which lies within the same latitude. Cereals of almost every t description flourish, even under the rude cultivation of the half-breeds PI^.^II^IE T.'C FOI^E^-'i'. •»J» The very great advantage of our western prairie country as a field for settlement lies in the combination it o£fers of open and wood lands, the full advantage of which would be best appreciated by those who have cleared a farm in a wooded country. A great deal has been said of the advantage of the supply of wood for fuel, \ fencing, etc., afforded by wooded countries, but this is invariably I greatly over-estimated. As to fencing, wire has come so largely I into use all over the continent that wooden fences are being re- i placed by wire, even in thickly-wooded districts, especially along i the line of railways; and what still further reduces the advantages I in this respect of wooded as compared with prairie country, is the I fact, that, in the early settlement of the latter, herd laws are always I enforced. As to fuel, the most important consideration, there are r throughout the North- West Territory, besides a fair proportion of i wood, immense beds of lignite coal, a supply of fuel forever, which I places the Territory in a far better position than would at first glance I be supposed. j I The settler in a wooded country spends fifteen or twenty of the s best years of his life clearing his farm, say a hundred acres, while ^ ^ — ■ a-- ^s:'.„ •s" >•■■> ■ I Ci : V ,■■••. ^x** '^:\i ». • : I jr; >> ^ANlTonA AND TfrTT """^ ^" THE NOBTFf-WfiST. "■« P-iHe farmer b..„„,,,,,., "■''^"- | » "■•op, «.d the ,eo„„d! ""'' "'■■•«'''' «"" the fml ». 8«»%in hia fav„„r V "'" P™'"" fermor, and 7**"*" '«- -™mer an/: ,; "^ " f" '"'in/eo ab.. Zl'r/r '«' '"""ded. The„o«-"l!'""'' '"■• '"» oattlo v^ithZllT^'^ I ■»«»t, a3 many catt, 1 ' "*" ''"«' fr"m tl,o fi ,, . ^' "' ""- 1 'he chief partTi '""!'■" "'" ^-'"-West ^ttl ""^ '*- I herd, „? el" 1 ""? '" ""^ ^e.* I aa/^W •"""'"'""' '» ™- CAPTAIN PALLISPR 'o tho paasoa of (■),„ i, '^ "^^ I'»k« of 1 1, ., \ * MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. QEllEI^^L FE^I'lJl^Eg. We are strongly of opinion that altogeth'^r too much is sp iken and written about the labour and hardships of the emigrant or settler when he comes first to this country. No doubt he must work. He need not expect to find a Garden of Eden ready made to his hands. Here, as in every other part of the world, labour is the condition of life and of success. But we emphatically deny that the labour is arduous, or the privations to be endured exceti ve. In fact, compared with what hundreds of thousands of our country- men have undergone in the older provinces of the Dominion, they | are mere child's play. In those days the forest had to be cleared | away. Trees, many of them two to three feet in diameter and over ? one hundred feet high had to be cut down and burned. Besides, | it took years before the ground could be freed from stumps, and I then the labour recommenced, for in many cases great deposits of I stones had to be removed, and the soil ditched and drained. But ! with the exceptions of the last point mentioned, and this only in | some localities, none of these difficulties have to be encountered in | Manitoba and the North- West. Here is a vast prairie country I ready cleared for the settler's occupation. All he has to do is to | pitch his tent, or build a shanty until he has time and means to \ erect a more substantial building — to plough the sod over, then re- f plough it, sow his seed, harrow it, and wait for the crop. If he is a poor man, he of course must not expect to fare sumptuously every day. But the necessaries of life are cheap enough and easily pro- curable, and any man or family that has to live for a year or so on pork, bread, beans, potatoes and tea, when they have the land be- neath them, a rain proof roof over their heads and the assured prospect before them, and that at no distant date, of comfortable independence, perhaps affluence, are not to be pitied. Game is '^.vj I: •■i. .3'' »".. ' i k ^ '■' t\ ■rl 1»c ' I.' * 10 ^ANITOIU AND THjr vnn ™ay with Jiff? a. proper seasons fl,x. • i i" «.« country "-^^oklynew a„d friendly JoS,'*"'*'?- I* "ay mate aa frilT ^ *"*'"'"^ ^nd i„ » &" T *""'»»<» I I 'T^e bashi of the W Bf^ODGETT said .• « «««t of the g^reatcst avorHu-. .• •' '"^"i^^^? is t}. -— " Oo.«n™, an, : ,: 7';:-^ ''■-"""^ °"^« 1 The soil of Manit h have, in ,„„, !! ", t"'?''^' »«»ec.a.a,y h ""'"^ 'hat „«„„,. ( -ooession off thTw, '^^ ''~^"'-. been til "'""» "' -Wt ^ ; »* <""- be .„t ;7. -''• The producti ' :/" ^'^ ^^"» " -' - o, .^. r,;:::/--ai «., j,:,™-; - .«, i ' " "ssenlialiy it, „ ■ ***'' ^e ^ '— ~— — — —_ _ ""' "o*' ^8 ^ith re- ^P of home ®^^'i. But re formed assistance le settJer ^ sessed in ' years he "porary ? MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 11 I prolific product. The average yield of wheat to the acre is un- precedented in any other part of the cultivated world. Thirty hushela to the acre is computed to be the average, but it must be borne in mind that as yet agriculture is only in its infancy in this country, so that even this enormously large yield may reasonably be expected to be increased by the advance of scientific culture . And the quality of the grain is unsurpassed by any that has ever been raised. Owing to the nature of the soil it is of a firm, nutritious, gritty nature, and rubs clear, hard, and plump in the hand. But : every kind of cereal can be grown to great advantage. Oats, barley i and rye, give large returns. Barley is said to be an excellent i alternative with wheat and yields a weight per bushel of 50 to 55 pounds. From an interesting little pamphlet issued by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, and compiled by Mr. Alex. Begg, we take the following important facts and figures relating to productions, mar- kets, settlers' first expenses, profits of farming in the Canadian North- West, etc. The statements made may be relied upon, and can be verified by the undoubted testimony of those who have set- tled in the country. P noNs. j The following tables, taken from olli.;i;il noiircos. will sbn^ at a. ' t'lance the average yield of cr<.ip3 during r!u; last li\e}eaia lu IMaiu- t' 'ba 1877. Wheat 26| Oats 59| Barley 40| Peas 32 Rye 30 Potatoes 304 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881 2^ 26| 29^ 30 59| 58 571 59 36 371 41 40 34 32i 3e^ 38 30 40 40 35 308 302 318 320 4^ ill V ¥-. I. M Kit. If- ■it * * ^2 MANITOM *ND THE NOBTHMVEST --::r :;; t- ,"-::"■ •- ^- ^^ » ■ ,. .. «<'-n;os :-, ^ •^'^""'•^.. HS taken ala<. fm.a otild^l WHEAT. Minnesota, average yield per acre Wisconsin '* ,. ^f ^® 1^ bushels. Pennsylvania '' *. .. 14 •• Massachusetts'' <* ,. ^^ " ^■ew Zealand " u ,, ^^ «< Australia <* u ^ ^7^ *' 31 '< Minnesota, average yield per acre Wisconsin '< , , Per acre go bushels. Iowa (( ff 20 '( Ohio a ., ' 22 «< Indiana << <, 19 " illinois «« „ 19 '« 17 ^« Mnnesuta, average ,ie.a per acre.. ,, , , , ^'^""a u ,, ^ .d7 bushels. Ohio a ,. 28 '< NoTB.— The cost f h ^^ " Small centres of trade ar„ .■ "ierever »ttleme„ta take plaT "Tl'r"""^'"* '"'» «'«tenoe ►J- ii '^ MANITOBA AND THE NomH-WEST. 13 I tention of the Company to facilitate the erection of elevators for the storage of wheat, etc., enabling farmers to dispose of their grain at good prices almost at their doors. A glance at the map demon- strates that Manitoba via the Canadian Pacific Railway will have closer connection with the seaboard than Minnesota, Dakota, or any of the more western States now have with New York ; so that the export of grain from the Canadian North-West at remunerative prices is assured. The very large influx of people, and the prosecution of railways and public works, will, however, cause a great homo de- mand for some years, and for a time limit the quantity for export. Prices of produce are very fair, as may be seen by the following market report, published in the Winnipeg Free Press, August 31, 1882: Wheat 3a. 2d. 77c. to 3a. 4d. Sic. per bushel. Oats — •• 3 73c. " Potatoes 4 97c. "50 1.22c. '• Butter — "13 30c. per lb. Eggs 1 4 32c. per dozen. An acre of land in Manitoba at above prices will realize — In wheat. £5 2 $24.81 Inoats 8 110 41.60 £13 13 $66.41 An acre of land in Minnesota at the same prices will realize^ In wheat £2 17 10 $14.06 In oats 3 11 17.27 £6 8 10 $31.33 Or, in othor words, the farmer in Manitoba can adord to sell his gr^vin fifty pwr cotit. cheaper thaix the Minnesota farmer and still bo t\& well oil", the prices of labour in the two countries being about eijual. * •< /• • ?. h ■\' * '*l ;i4 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH- WEST. B. giettle?'. On leaving for the Canadian North-West a aettler should burden ,! himself with as little luggage as possible. He can purchase every- l thing he requires at reasonable prices in Manitoba, and obtain • articles better suited to the country than anything he could bring ; with him. The following is an approximate estimate of his first i outlay in a moderate way : Provisions for one year, say £50 Yoke of oxen 37 One cow 7 Waggon 10 Plough and harrow 7 Sundry implements 5 Cooking-stove, with tinware 5 Furniture, etc., say 12 Sundry expenses, say 10 $243.35 180.07 34.07 77.87 34.07 24.33 24.33 58.40 48.67 I ! £149 $725.14 To the above must be added first payment on land, unless he takes ! a homestead and pre-emption ; but an energetic man will find time ' to earn something as an offset to a portion of his first expenses, either on the railway or by working for neighbouring farmers, and in addition to this there is the chance of obtaining a partial crop ■ the first year. A settler, therefore, who can boast of having £500 ; on his arrival in Manitoba is an independent man, and cannot fail '\ to succeed with ordinary care and energy. Many settlers on arrival j cannot boast of a tenth part of that sum, and yet they succeed. rx^ '* ,; :U MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 15 t.y Profits of parming iii theGancidian J^orth-7/est In iho f(illi»\viiit,' oalmilatioTis evt-ry euro liiifl Ix'en tiikrn not to 'vrr t'stiin,'U«- wluit can be mfortahle log honao, barn, etc., cattle, inipleuieuts, and say twenty acres of land brnken, ready for aeed. SECOND YEAR. Will realize from twenty acres— 600 bushels of grain at 80 cents £96 $467.20 Expenditure, say 60 292.00 To the good, besides living £36 $175.20 And he will have an additional twenty acres of land broken. ► ^ \i ■ IG 0p 1^ V I *■ ' ■,;h '■ ••i J ;i AIANIT(,BA AND THE NORTH-WK«T. Til IHD YEAR. To the good, besides livio„ "T- ^-- A"'] he «.ill, „.ith hi, i '^ •••;••;••• ^'•^ $447.78 »<> bre»k a, l.,.„ thirty .er„ "'" """^ '""'"'"' '«' "'''« FOUOTH YBAB. Seventy acres will giy^ him o Km u , , grain at 80 cents ' '"'""''' <>' I-e«s expenditure for 'inr'tb^r '.lock 'iZ^f"^ -"'K and other necessaries.. ..;^';; ^^o To the good . . . , ■ And another thirty acres brlke,,! ' " ' ^''' FIFTH YEAB. I*-san.ee.penditnreas;r;;i;j;;;;-;;;;*^« To the good. £360 $1630.33 684.00 $1046.33 *^a.h or ,t» e.„„val«.t on hand ;■„ W»u»e»„dbarn,W.pp„„„.,. ^'l'^' btock, indudi,,, cattlo and h.:™,.' : •;;" ^ ' 1/ ' • ' ' '*t Fnniituro, etc ^^ 30 l"WliMl.il.JHUM»CT-~-- .. , .^ ^ ^j;4>j $2336 584 $1762 243,33 584. tKj 194.67 146.00 ^4,080.i>7 w'l 48(J.G7 ^47.78 OS bo ahle 1630.33 684.00 I 1046.33 1 M 52 4.00 ).27 ^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 17 To this would bo added tho present value of his farm, and his net gain, over and above cost of living, would be shown by deduct- ing the amount originally paid for his land, if purchased, and his expenditure during the first season before he commenced to realize from his farm. According to the above, even should there be a deficiency in the yield of crops or amount of land broken, the settler at the end of live years would find himself with a good farm well stocked, all paid for, and in addition a considerable sum of money to his credit in the bank. Lord DufTerin visited the North -West In 1077, travollod ivorlarj^o stretchos and canipod uut for aevoral weciks t(j- rother. After obaorvations of its resources and coaversa- tiona with settlers, he declared in a speech of great elo- quence at Winnipeg", that when the Dotninion of C^Mi^icla came to these vast rojirions, she was no long-or " a mere settler along the banks of a sint^le river, but tho owner of half a continent, and in the maffnil-ude of he.r posses- sions, in tho wealth of her resources, in the sinews of her material mij^'ht, the poor of any powur on earth." Gliiriate and Length of geasons. 'Jw* ]M 1 1 (iLj Very mistaken ideas prevail in the Old Country as to the climate of the Canadian North- West. Every extreme of hardship is asso- ciated with it by many people. Nothing is further from the fact. No doubt there are conditions .of decided heat in Summer and cold in Winter. The thermometer will sometimes range 90 in the shade in Summer and 30 below zero in Winter. But these extremes will continue for only a few days at a time out of 365. The dry and B i J" V, ;V', : N TV,. « '.-I t Jfl fc , ■■^fhi * .. I 18 MANIiOBA AND TIIK NORTH-WEST. bracing atmosphere inoderatoa all exircnios. Damp and fug are al- most unknown. Such a thing as a Scutch n\ist is a phenomenon. The Winter is considered most enjoyable, though each season has Its pleasures, and it is this variety, combined with the sunny sky ind pure healthy air which constitutes the great charm of the cli- mate. April brings Spring and sowing time, and June ushers in the Summer. An almost tropical climate then succeeds during which vegetation is most rapid. July is the hay, and August and early part of September the grain harvest. Then follow two months ) of delightful Autumn weather and Winter generally sets in about the middle of November. The average depth of snow is about eighteen inches, and from the geneial absence of higli winds it seldom accumulates in drifts, so that capital roads are the common condition of winter travelling. The farmer then drives his grain or hay to market, lays in his stock of fuel, and does all the heavy drawing for the year. The cattle graze on the prairie all winter, and except during the " cold spells " require no shelter. There is one characteristic of the cb'ntute wV,' ;a is phenomenal to the country ; we have said that the dryness of the atmosphere miti- gates, in fact almost neutralizes, the severity of the extreme cold, so also in Summer the higli temperature is rendered quite bearable by frequent and heavij showers. These also keep the soil moist and fer- tile, in fact throughout the whole extent of the North-West we meet with none of those arid desert wastes which lie in immense blocks in the same meridians South of the parallel of 49°. In consequence of these conditions the climate of Manitoba and the North- West is i one of the healthiest in the world. Fevers, consumption, and epi- \ demies generally, are abnormal to the country, and prevail only in ' consequence of accident, carelessness, and reckless exposure in the i subjects themselvei V' U: * d fog are al- lenomenon. cioasrin haa BUuny sky of the cli- e ushers in ed« during "«'>«fc and ^o months 8 in about i from the drifts, so ravelling, his stock iring the n the ; 4 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. ID The lands owned by th*» North -Woat Land Cr.mpnny (5,000,000 aor»>H), arc aUnatod li* tho Kroatofit whoat- .;rowinK co\intry in tb^? world T'h^e Canada ]^[orth-7/c3t Lar^ Gompany, l.iniih'il. ADVANTAGES OF SETTLING UPON THEIR LANDS. Although the Canadian Government gives a bona fide settler a homestead of 160 acres free and allows him to pre-empt an additional IHO acres for which he pays (10a. 'dd.) $2.50 per acre at the end of three years, he only receives this grant for actual settlement, and the best sections within the railway belt (24 miles each side of the road), for COO miles west of Winnipeg, have been already taken up. There are no settlement duties required of a purchaser of lands from the Canada North- West Land Company, and the value of their sections is constantly being enhanced by the settlement and culti- vation of the government grants. Settlers on Free Grants desirous of enlarging their farms are already purchasing largely of the Com- pany's lands adjoining their own. The Company offers for sale choice farming lands distributed throughout the most fertile and desirable parts of Manitoba and the Canadian North- West. The sections com{rise 1, 19, 13, 21, 25 and 33 in railway lands within the railway belt, and all Canadian Pacific Railway Lands south v)f the Railway belt comprising Southern Manitoba, Souris and Moose Mountain districts. These lands extend over an immense area of excellent country, and they include such a diversity of fine agricultural soil that an almost unlimited sr-lection is offered, which <¥ I 4 f >.■ ' I.'' J". :■ ^If H I '■ < i. "is- 20 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. cannot fail to meet the requirements of all atttlera, whether they intend to follow stock, grain, or mixed farming. The terms as will be seen by the advertisements elsewhere in thia publication, are of the most liberal character, the lands being placed in the market from 20s. per acre upwards, one-sixth cash, balance in five equal annual instalments, with interest at six per cent, per I annum, payable in advance. Purchasers op Town and Village Lots are offered a liberal rebate for building. Those who toil against overwhelming odds to restore the lost vi- tality of impoverished farms, should remember that thousands of acres of the richest virgin soil is offered at reasonable prices in a country where the success attending agricultural pursuits has be- come famous thoughoiit the world, and is attested by the evidence of those who have made the experiment, and are enjoying the results of their enterprise. The Company's Lands are well situated, fertile and productive, many of them in the midst of thriving settlements and within easy access of churches, schools and markets. Intending settlers will act wisely in carefully examining the lists to be found in the offices of the Company before deciding upon a permanent location. Towns, and villages, which will become the trado centres and markets for the surrounding settlements, are springing up all along the line of railway. They are usually eight to ten miles apart. Lands purchased a few years ago at 5s. or $1.22 per acre are now worth from £1 or $4.87, to £3 or $14.60, and in choice locations higher prices have been realized. These figures do not refer to specially valuable sections in the vicinity of rapidly growing towns, but to land purchased for purely agricultural purposes. The returns made by the Hudson's Bay Company who sold between September, 188*1 and May, 1882, 300,150 acres, show an average price of £1. 9s. or $7.00 per aero. Perscms emigrating to the Morth-West now, will have great ad- vantages over those who go later, as the rapid settlement of the country, with couseunent cultivation and otlier improvements will i .: i.il ( i ^he^ they re in thig ^g placed } balance cent, per Village lost vi- sands of ^ces in a has be- Jvidence ing the iuctive, uneasy ira will > offices es and 1 alonff apart, ce now- higher acially but to made .i8s: 9s. or ; ad- the win MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 21 cause a general increase in the price of land as compared with pre- I lent figures. During tho past seasoD (1882), 44,000 Imrniprrants } arrived in Manitoba, with an aggregate of $10,000,000 £2,000,000). The Canadian North-West, including Manitoba, is now •ecognized as the Great Wheat and Grain Producing .'!()imtry of the World. The Lands of the CANADA ^TORTH-WEST LAND COMPANY are situated in the raost desirable parts of this fertile Country, and are jfTered at Low Prices, without Settlement or Cultiva- ■ ion Conditions fl^EQ.'ilZRh iplFOI^]\I£'l'lOjl. A settler in Manitoba may commence on comparatively small capital ; that is, enough to build one of the inexpensive houses of the country, to buy a yoke of oxen and a plough, his seed grain, and sufficient provisions to enable him to live for one year, or until his first crop comes in. With a little endurance at first, from this point he may attain to a position of plenty and independence. On the other hand, a settler may take with him to Manitoba or the North- West Territories considerable capital, and invest it in large * M^ ' " ■ — I If v.- t ■A % < V •■ 'fh~ » . t ■ ^v %'.: :i' ;; 22 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 1 farming operations, either in wheat growing or stock raising, both I of which he will probably find very profitable. The settler from ) older countries should be careful to adapt himself to'those methods ■ which experience of the country has proved to be wise, rather than < I try to employ in a new country those practices to which he has | \ been accustomed at home. For instance, with respect to ploughing, | or, as it is called, ** breaking " the prairie, the method in Manitoba | ia quite difierent from that in the old country. The prairie is cov- ered with a rank vegetable growth, and the question is how to sub- : due this, and so make the land available for farming purposes. Experience has proved that the best way is to plough not deeper ; than two inches, and turn over a furrow from twelve to sixteen ; inches wide. It is especially desirable for the farmer who enters early in the Spring to put in a crop of oats on the first breaking. ; It is found by experience that the sod pulverizes and decomposes under the influence of a growing crop (luito as effectually, if not i more so, than when simply turned and left by itself for that pur- ; pose. There are also fewer weeds, which is of very great importance, ] as it frequently happens that the weeds which grow soon after : breaking are as diflicult to subdue as the sod itself. Large crops of oats are obtained from sowing on the first breaking, and thus not only is the cost defrayed, but there is a profit. It is also of great importance to a settler with limited means to get this crop the first year. One mode of this kind of planting is to scatter the oats on ! the grass, and then turn a thin sod over them. The grain thus buried quickly finds its way through, and in a few weeks the aod is ; perfectly rotten. Mr. Daley, near Bigstone City, in the vicinity of Bigstone Lake, sowed ten acres of oats in this way. He put two bushels and a peck to an acre. In the fall he harvested 420 bushels [ of oats, which he found to be worth enouf,'h to pay for the breaking s and give him £15. 8s. 3d. or ®75 besides. This is a practical re- ported experience. There is also testimony from other farmers to i similar effect. *- >-4 ^__ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 23 SIR ROSE PRICE,—"! can now aubBtantiato from poraonal observation, all I liave seen written about the country." MR. PETER REDPATH, of Montreal. '-ThG moet pan- ! i<-uine anticipations as to the future of aintry will be realized." gettlers noW in the Canadian Jv^.'-n-West '.'I *• ■ Consist of the better class of fanners from the eastern parts of Canada, many from England, Scotland and Ireland, and a large number from the United States of America. There is also a num- ber of Norwegian, Swedish and German settlers, and there is a large settlement of Russian Mennonites and Icelanders, all of whom are doing well. There are many French, and a small number of Rus- sian Jews who are now comfortably settled and contented. As a rule the people are of a respectable and orderly class. Jvliqicipalities. The country is divided into municipalities as fast as settlement progresses sufficiently to warrant it. These municipal organiza- tions take charge of roads and road repairs, there being no toll charges ; and all matters of a local nature are administered by the reeve and council, who a»e each year elected by the people o{ the district. rH;» ' i V' -■■.' * * 24 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. I'lic School system Is liberal and very eflfective. It is on the separate school system, and receives not only a very considerable grant from the local gov- ernment, but there are also two sections in each township set apart by the Dominion Government, the proceeds of which when sold are applied to the support of schools. There is a superintendent to each section, and teachers are required to pass a rigid examina- tion before they are appointed. A high class of education is there- fore administered. ej-liIi^Gj-lEg. Nearly all denominations exist and are in a flourishing condition, and where a settlement is not large enough to support a regular church there are always visiting clergymen to do the duty. I'jiE porvjvi OF Qo-y'Ei^i^i\iEpla' Is practically the freest in the world. The people are the source of power. There is no hereditary aristocracy to bind society in class ■; traditionalism. We have constitutional government — the most I easy and rational arrangement between Repiiblicanism and Mon- ^ archy— and every household has the franchise. The taxes are much lighter than in the other Prnvineea, in fact .ire such a mere ' wiy llu' I'liitod Statc*i. District Court, , Judicial District. ]> State of. County of .... I do swear that I will support the I Constitution of the United States of America, and that I do abso- lutely and entirely Renounce and Abjure forever all Allegiance and Fidelity to every Foreign Power, Prince, Potentate, State or Sove- reignty whatever, and particularly to Queen Victoria of Great Bri- tain and Ireland, whose subject I was. And further, that I never have borne any hereditary title, or been of any of the degrees of Nobility of the country whereof I have been a subject, and that I have resided within the United States for five years last past, and in this State for one year last past. Subscribed and sworn to in open Court this. .day of Court ) .18.... ] .Clerk. No man can take up United States Government land unless he is prepared to subscribe to the above oath. ^ '.^r''! , :i: I;- ■(•"• I I,' J r ft K , f • : f til ^■i '•• !■ 1 4' • ' ■,;'i • - •i' ji' ' ^ •* 26 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 'T'hc system of Survey. The Canadian North-West is laid off in townships six miles square, containing thirty- six sections of 640 acres each, which are again subdivided into quarter sections of 160 acres. A road allowance having a width of one chain is provided for on each section line ' running north and south, and on every alternate section line run< ning east and west. N ' \V 31 32 34 35 36 30 29 28 27 26 19 20 22 23 24 B 18 17 16 4 15 14 7 6 8 10 1 11 12 5 3 2 s The sections are apportioned as follows Open for Homestead and Pre-emptions. —Nos. 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36. Belongino to the Canadian Pacific Hau.wav. -Nos. 3, 5, 7, 15, 17, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35. I V i k/iV «■■; *• MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 27 Sold to the Canada North- West Land Company by the Canadian Pacific Railway.— Nos. 1, 9, 13, 21, 25, 33. I { Hudson Bay Company's Lands. — Nos. 8, 26. I School Sections. — Nos. 11, 29 (reserved by Government solely i for school purposes). REV. DR. POTTS: "T am profoundly imp:«^P?='od with the country. 1 beliove the wildest droamn rii;»t }uiv<« ovor been concoive>d re^ardinw this j^rnat North -\VoHt .are bciuud to be roahziKi" QOVEI^^f]\dE]^■T' L.^plDg, IIoine§tead6, Pre-einptiou»> and Wood I^ot6. A " homestead," which is limited in extent to a farm of 160 acres, is a free gift from the Government on condition of three years' actual residence and cultivation ; but a pre-emption entry, giving the right of priority of purchase at a future period of an additional tract of 160 acres, is also allowed to each homestead . settler, who may fulfil the obligations attaching to the homestead I grant. A settler must commence residence within six months after entry and may not absent himself from his homestead for a longer period than six months without special leave from the Minister of the Interior, to obtain which the application should set forth in plain I torms the grounds upon which the indulgence is asked. The affi- '" * * i, ■!■■' ml' 28 MANITOBA AND THE NOKTH-WKST. davit of the a])plicant would lend weight to his representation of the circumstances. Only the even-numbered sections of a township can be taken up as homestesds and pre-emptions. Settlers in townships where wood is scarce, or altogether want- ing, are allowed to purchase ' * wood lots " not exceeding twenty acres in size, out of timbered land, in some adjacent locality re- served for the purpose. The price of wood lots is $5 per acre. Settlers are strictly forbidden to dispose of wood from oflf their homesteads, pre-emptions, or wood lots (previous to issue of patent) to saw-mill proprietors or any person other than an actual settler for his own use. Breach of this condition entails forfeiture of entries for all three, with other penalties. While he faithfully performs the homestead conditions a settler enjoys the full rights of proprietorship, even previous to receiving patent. Non-fulfilment of conditions, however, renders the entries of homestead, pre-emption, and wood lot, subject to cancellation, the right to hold the two latter claims being entirely contingent on actual performance of homestead obligations. On cancellation all improvements become forfeited to the Orown, and the ex-holder is prohibited from making a second homestead entry. The title of all lands remains with the Crown till after the patent is issued. Unpatented lands are consequently not liable to seizure for debt, nor do they afford any security for obtaining credit or loans. In case a settler dies, the law allows his executors to fulfil the deceased's homestead obligation, that the estate may be secured to his heirs. Any man over eighteen yeats of age, or any woman who is the sole head of a family, may take up a homestead ; but if a citizen of a foreign country, such settler is required to become a British subject, by naturalization, previous to issue of patent, which can be done under the law on completion of his or her three years' residence on the homestead. *■ ► ^-' ►J MANITOBA AND THE NOKTU-VVEST. W4><>l>. 29 Although there are sections where wood is scarce, as a general rule there is a well regulated supply throughout the country. The plains abound with wood in clumps ; and in other parts there are tracts of forest so evenly interspersed that farmers can generally obtain a good wood lot in close proximity to their prairie farms, besides which the numerous rivers are invariably lined with wood on each bank. Elder, oak, elm, maple (hard and soft), basswood, cottonwood, poplar, willow, white and red cedar, birch spruce, white ash, tam- arack, cherry, balsam, ash, pine and other varieties are found in groves and in detached clumps all over the country. During the summer of 1883 the railway will enter the forests of the Rocky Mountains, which contam some of the finest timber in the world — sufficient to supply the prairie region of the North- West with lumber for all time. This, coupled with the development of the coal district, will ensure a plentiful supply of cheap fuel and timber. €OAI.. '' Coal is found above Edmonton and for some distance below that point ; it has also been discovered on the Saskatchewan and Souris Bivers, and every indication points to the fact that it exists in large quantities. Recent tests have also shown that it is well adapted for the use of locomotives. In the Arthabaska district and in other parts of the Canadian North- West large deposits are known to ex< ist, the quality being suitable for domestic purposes. In addition to this, the opening of the Canadian Pacific Railway to Thunder Bay, on Lake Superior, will now enable coal to be imported and sold in the Canadian North- West as cheaply as it is in the Western States of America. - ., <| I,, ■■■tv *• ,»'t ' to- 4 #< ' >' !;■, I: ^ — 30 .v^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. ^HOZl^, I^^ISIJ^Q. Manitoba and the Canadian North-West are destined to be among the leading stock-raising countries in the world. The prairie hay has already become famous and its nutritious qualities have been acknowledged on all sides. In fact, stock-rais- ing will, in the near future, rival the production of grain in the fertile belt. The eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, and the Peace River District especially, will become great fields for graziers to carry on an immense business in cattle, the wild grass in those lo- calities being even of better quality than that found on the plains. The climate here is particularly well adapted to stock-raising, as cattle remain out all winter and feed themselves. Cattle- raising is already being prosecuted on a large scale in cer- tain portions of the North- West Territory, the Marquis of Lome, Governor-General of the Dominion of Canada, having on his recent tour through the country reported several large droves between Edmonton and the Rocky Mountains, and one drove numbering 7000 head at Fort Calgary, the terminus of the prairie section of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Some of the ranches at the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains have as many as 15,000 to 20,000 ' head of cat lie, and the business is yearly increasing. Cattle-raisers \ who have in the past wintered their herds south of the boundary \ line are now driving them into the North- West Territory, where the grasses are more nutritious, and the water, which abounds everywhere, remarkably pure. A very prominent feature of the cattle ranges of the Canadian North- West is the fact that very little snow falls, thus allowing cattle to graze through the winter. Re- | cently a good deal of stock of approved breeds has been brought \ into Manitoba, and, as it has flourished as well as native stock, | \ fancy stock breeding will in the future be among the most remun* 1 erative pursuits. ^ * •?«■ M*MM»^MM«*M«Mk -* 1 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. There are between forty and fifty different varieties of graBses, sed^ea and legumes in the North- Western prairies. The first point a farmer would note about this is the abundance of the foliage of nearly all the species. While the grasses of Eastern Canada are nearly all culm or stem, having most of them only one, two or three leaves, most of the North-Western grasses have from ten to twenty leaves. Of course this is an extremely valuable feature in grass, as the leaves are more easily digested than the culms. Although it is now more than forty years since sheep raising was first introduced in the neighbourhood of the Red River, these ani- mals have never been attacked by disease. Fleeces from sheep grown in Manitoba are, as a rule, heavy. The freedom from dis- ease is doubtless due, to a great extent, to the dry atmosphere. Sheep thrive equally well all through the Canadian North-West. The raising of horses and cattle will undoubtedly prove one of the chief industries. T'estimony of One jiuridred ai^d piftY-l'hpee The Department of Agriculture has published a statement re- specting the suitability of Manitoba as a place for settlement, based upon the answers of 153 farmers, whose names and addresses are given, and to whom reference may at any time be made. A copy A this statement in pamphlet form, entitled " What Farmers Say," will be furnished post free by any of the agents of the Canadian Government on application by letter. These farmers testify : — (1) That both the country and the climate are healthy. 4* ■>i( ' »'.'■. '"." <• * >> 32 MANITOUA AND THE NOllTll-WEST. (2) That the soil is exceptionally rich, there beinj^ a black loam from one to four feet in depth, restinj? on a clay sub-aoil ; and that this soil yields good crops without manure. f !(3) That they have found no difficulty in getting wood and water for the purposes of their farms, but that sawn lumber is found to 1 be at present dear. ( (4) That the prairie hay, which is very nutritious for feed, can be obtaiiied in illimitable extent for merely the cutting and draw- ing, j (5) That the effect of the winter is not unfavourable on cattle. Thirty-seven farmers testify that Indian corn can be ripened Eighty-nine testify to an average yield of wheat per acre, of 26| bushels in 1877, of 2fi^ in 1878, 26| in 1879, and of 29J bushels in 1880. The weight of this wheat is very heavy, being from 63 to I to 66 lbs. per bushel. I I One hundred and fifteen farmers testify to the yield of oats per \ acre, namely, in 1877, 69| bushels ; in 1878, 69| bushels ; in 1879, 1 58 bushels, and 67| bushels in 1880. ! I In barley the testimony of one hundred and one farmers give an i average yield of 37§ bushels per acre in 1879, and 41 bushels in j 1880. j I Twenty-one farmers testify to the yield of peas per acre, giving I an average of 32 bushels in 1877, 34 bushels in 1878, 32^ in 1879, and 38| bushels in 1880. Some of the yields of peas were very much larger and some smaller than these averages, the yields evi- dently depending on the farming. '" I Ninety-two farmers testify to an average yield of 318 bushels of potatoes per acre in 1880. W. H. J. Swain, of Morris, has pro- duced 800 to 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre, and 60 bushels of ; beans have also been raised by him per acre ; S. C. Higginson, of Oakland, has produced cabbages weighing 17^ lbs. each ; Allan Bell, of Portage La Prairie, has had cabbages 45 inches around, and tur- nips weighing 25 pounds each ; Thos. B. Patterson has realized 40 * l«**in P^W«»^;^7>^MWWfWiW«J. ■T" *^J 'BWW'^^ M|}^tv!f ■«T?'.i' ■ -^»e*js»#Sjarw(K.« * MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 33 i 4f tons of turnips to the acre, some of them weighing as much as 20 puunds otich ; Rubt. £. Mitchell, of Gouk's Greek, raised a squash uf six weeks' growth measuring 5 feet 6 inches around the centre ; Wm. Moss, f High Bluff, has produced carrots weighing II pounds each, and turnips measuring 30 inches in circumference ; Jumes : Airth, of Stonewall, states that the common weight of turnips is 12 . pounds each, and some of them have gone as high as 32^ pounds ; j Isaac Casson, of Green Ridge, has raised 270 busliels of onions to ! the acre ; John Geddes, of Kildonan, states that he has raised 300 \ bushels of carrots and 800 bushels of turnips per acre ; John Kelly, of Morris, has produced from 800 to 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre ; Joshua Appleyard, of Stonewall, also states his crop of ; turnips to have been 1,000 bushels per acre, the common weight j bein^ 12 pounds each ; Ed. Scott, of Portage La Prairie, raised 400 ' bushels of turnips from half an acre of land ; W. H . J. Swain, of \ Morris, had citrons weighing 18 pounds each ; Francis Ogletree, of \ Portage La Prairie, produced onions measuring 4| inches through ] the centre ; A. Y. Beckstead, of Emerson, gives his experience as I follows : — Mangel wurtzel weighing 27 pounds each, beet weighing j 23 pounds each, cabbage weighing 49 pounds each, onions each 1^ ; pounds in weight ; W. B. Hall, of Headingly, has raised carrots 3 inches in diameter, beets weighing 20 pounds each, and gives the weight of his turnips generally at 12 pounds each ; Philip McKay, of Portage La Prairie, took 200 bushels of turnips from one quar- ter of am acre of land, some of them weighing 25 pounds each ; he has produced carrots 4 inches in diameter and 14 inches long, has had cabbages measuring 26 inches in diameter solid head and four feet with the leaves on ; his onions have measured 16 inches in cir- cumference, and cauliflower heads 19 inches in diameter. James Lawrie & Bro. , of Morris, have produced turnips 30 inches in cir- cumference, onions 14 inches, and melons 30 inches ; they had one Squash which measured about the same size as an ordinary flour barrel James Owen, of Pointe Du Ghene, had turnips 30 poundi 1; f I i, •* .,11 . »^':'i; >f 34 MANITOBA AND TTTK NORTH- WEST. "^ each, onions 14 inches around, and cucumbers 18 inches long ; Neil Henderson, of Cook's Creek, has raise.' 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre, carrots 5 inches in diameter and 18 inches long, while his onions have frequently measured 5 inches through ; Jas. Bedford, of Emerson, has raised 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre. It must be remembered, moreover, that none of the farmers men- tioned above used any special cultivation to produce the results we have described, and out of nearly 200 reports which we have re- ceived from settlers concerning the growth of roots and vegetables in the Canadian Notth-West, not one has bee^^ unfavourable. 1 ■•?■ 1'jfe ZRjiR-QlMjl P^eipiC I^^ILV/riy. 3r ;-'^f ■" 'Pi r . 'V- '. V \h '■ ■ ». The Ca' a''i«n Pacific Railway runs continuously through Cana- dian Territory, from Montreal in Lower Canada, across the continent to Port Moody in British Columbia. The main line will be 2,906 miles in length, and with branches now under construction of 400 miles, the total mileage will be 3,306 miles either now built or build- ing. 1,730 have already been built and equipped, and in August 1883, there will be through communication over the Canadian Pacific Railway from Montreal to Winnipeg and the foot of the Bocky Mountains, except over Lake Superior (the largest body of fresh water in the world) over which the company will operate their own powerful steamships, a distance of 370 miles. In five years the road will be completed from the Atlantic to the Pacifio. »*^ i ■ti. *± WHEN AND HOW TO GO TO THR NOr^riTH-WESn^- FROM BF^ITISH POF^TS TO C/VN/rDI/cJM PORTS. STQMSilir LINKS AM) HAILWaY CONNKCriONS. ADVICE ABOUT SAILING. fi Giiapter of Qeneral Information for the ImniigFaiit Wherefore come on, O yoiin^ husbandman ; Learn the culture proper to each kind. VlHUfI,, i The time has long since gone by when it was a question whether the man of limited means, with «! family and but poor prospects in the Old World, could better his condition by going to the New World and striving to build up a home and a competence for him- self and his family. There is no longer a question about his being able to do so ; it is certain that any man who is able and willing to work, and who has any experience or adaptability for agricultural pursnits, can, in the oonrae of a few years, bin'M up a better and I , »i. .i •■■: * '•! *;? ■ ,•■' I' 36 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. more prosperous future in the thinly settled Provinces of Canada than he can in the over populated districts of England, Scotland or Wales. Thousands have tried the experiment during the last quar- ter of a century and practically proved its success by securing comfortable homes in a comparatively short time, and thousands are yearly following in their footsteps encouraged by their success, and frequently helped by remittances from those who have done so well as to be able not only to support themselves comfortably, but to assist others who were left behind. The question now-a- days, therefore, is not whether to come to Canada or not ; but when to come and how best to get there, and this chapter is in- tended as a guide to those who have determined to try their for- tunes in the largest, most important and most flourishing colony of the British Empire. First, let us say a word as to HJio ^li tf» the ^'iiiiiKllaii \orfli>\Vi>t. It must always be borne in mind that Canada is essentially an agricultural country. Although we have immense forests, prolific fisheries and almost inexhaustible mineral wealth, still our rich soil, splendid pasture-lands and magnificent wheat-producing prairies are the very backbone of the country, and agriculture is yearly becom- ing more and more the staple industry of the country ; therefore, the "tillers of the soil "are the class who are most needed here, and who are most certain of achieving success by steady industry. The agricultural resources of Canada are practically limitless, for in the vast prairies of the North- West we have a country, capable of producing the finest wheat in the world, which far exceeds in ex- tent all the wheat producing territory of Europe combined ; and almost the whole of this bounteous heritage is an yet untouched by the plough or harrow, and awaits the hand of man to burst forth into smiling crops of plenty. To the farmer, then, Canada offers the greatest inducements ; but there is also scope for the labourer, the mechanic and the artijsan ; and the demand for these latter will T' vma. ! umtr t » ii nm MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 37 * '*'Vm^(A|^4^ increase as the country grows in prosperity and our manufactures become more thoroughly developed. The class which is most need- ed and surest of success is the tenant farmer with some capital, or those who have some means and are inclined to adopt farming pursuits. The immigrant who has a couple of hundred pounds or so to begin with, starts under favourable circumstances which can- not fail to lead him to competency in ten or fifteen years, if he is steady and industrious. IIoiv and ivtiori to come. In answer to the first we would say come by one of the steamship lines from Liverpool or Glasgow direct to Canada, Ian 'ling at Quebec and thence pursuing the journey by rail to Manitoba or the North- West. The lines of steamers running direct to Canada are thfl Allan from Liverpool and Glasgow, touching at Londonderry ; the Dominion Line, from Liverpool, touching at Quebec, and the Beaver Line from Liverpool. All these companies have local agents in many parts of England, Scotland and Ireland. The Sfeera^o has lost nearly all the horrors which it entailed twenty- five or thirty years ago, when the trip had to be made by sailing vessels ; the passengers had to furnish and cook their own provisions, and were huddled together like sheep in a pen without the slightest attempt at either decency or comfort. Now the various steamships bring- ing passengers to Canada have large and convenient steerages divided into compartments, one for married couples and families, another for single men, and a third for single women ; the company furnishes three good meals a day consisting of meat, vegetables, bread and butter, coffee, &c., and there are a number of attendants to look after the comforts of the steerage passengers, besides a doctor to attend to their ailments. A separate sleeping berth is provided for eacli passenger. * ml |/'ilv»^ ':*v. >■•• :':!*■ I: ' . y- . t:/ Uh: |:l t mmmp' Jm/mmturnvKM ^ 38 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. TlH5 TliiH' l<» l^uilgrale. Generally speaking, the best time to emigrate is in the very early spring for all classes of agriculturists. The agricultural labourer will then find his services in demand with the busy time that al- ways comes during seed-time in Canada ; and the agriculturist who intends to take up land for himself will arrive at the beginning of the season's operations. The agriculturist who goes to Manitoba may, by getting in a crop of oats or potatoes during the month of j May or the first Wv^ek in June, contribute greatly to the support of himself and family dnring the first year. Or, again, if the agricul- tural labourer arrives in summer, about harvest time, he will find great demand and high wages for his services during the harvest months ; and he will have no difficulty in getting on well from this point. The farmer, too, who desires to take up land, if he comes in the summer time, may see the crops growing, and may thus have an op- I portu;>ity to choose at leisure the most advantageous location. In I Manitoba and the North- West, too, the summer and autumn months 1 are the best for moving about the country in search of land ; or, as ; it is commonly called, ** land-hunting," for a suitable spot on which i to settle. Having selected it, he may proceed to erect his house, 'j and make his preparations for living over the winter ; and, if he f has means to do this, he may make his start with great advantage I in the spring from being on the spot. I Common labourers and railway labourers, or navvies, may find i work during any of the open months — that is, in spring, summer, \ and autumn ; and a great deal of work is now done in winter time I by this class of labourers, particularly where rock-cutting and blast- 1 ing are necessary ; and there is also other work now done in the winter. Labourers of this kind will, as a rule, find their services most in demand in the open mouths, while the demand for them jin the winter months will be much more limited. It is better, ! ►• "^ ■.V;»^— ■ •* «" MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 39 therefore, for labourers of this class to come during the summer months. As respects mechanics connected with all the building trades, the same remarks apply. Very large numbers of buildings will be erected in Manitoba and the North-West, for some time to come, in consequence of the rapid extension of railways, and the neces- sary building connected with them, and also in consequence of the very rapid settlement which is taking place in the North- West. Other mechanical operations connected with machinery, all branches of metal working, and carriage-making, being conducted in- doors, employ labour at all seasons of the year. The demand in these branches has not any limit of seasons. Female Domestic Servants may come during any month of the year, either winter or summer. There is a steady and great demand for this class at all seasons, and it is likely to continue, especially in view of the very great extent of territory which is being settled in the North- West and the excess of males over females in the population. The first general advice to be given to the intending emigrant before he starts, or the immigrant ufter arrival, is that he should apply to the nearest agent of the Canadian Government for any information or advice he may desire to obtain. The following is a list of the Canadian Government Agents, in- cluding the High Commissioner : — LONDON. . . .Sir Alexander T. Galt, G.C.M.G, &c., High Com- missioner for the Dominion, 10 Victoria Cham- bers, London, S.W. Mr. J. CoLMER, Secretary, High Commissioner's Office (Address as above). LIVERPOOL. .Mr. John Dyke, 15 Water Street. GLASGOW Mr. Thomas Grahame, St. Enoch Square. ! BELFAST Mr. Charles Foy, 29 Victoria Place. DUBLIN Mr. Thomas Connolly, Northumberland House. BRISTOL ... .Mr. J. W. Down, Bath Bridge. I 4-: i ?^-; I- IS: ■1- ■ ^ V :<;?£i«tf«£^»^-A 9A^*li"«t^44nPMWH u ' ■ t- 1 .■■■(■ ■ *i, ,i!i *' '^ 40 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. Information and pamphlets may also be obtained in many in- stances from the agents of the Steamship Companies. Many of these are supplied with pamphlets, maps, and reports, issued by the Canadian Government. In Canada the Government has agents at the principal points throughout the country. The following is a list : — QUEBEC Mr. L. Stafford, Point Levis, Quebec. TORONTO ..Mr. J. A. Donaldson, Strachan Avenue, Toronto, Ontario. i OTTAWA ..Mr. W. J. Wills, Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ont. MONTREAL. Mr. J. J. Daley, Honaventure Street, Montreal, Province of Quebec. KINGSTON.. Mr. R. Macpherson, William Street, Kingston, Ontario. HAMILTON..Mr. John Smith, Great Western Railway Station, Hamilton, Ontario. LONDON Mr. A. G. Smyth, London, Ontario. HALIFAX . .Mr. E. Clay, Halifax, Nova Scotia. ST. JOHN ..Mr. S. Gardner, St. John, New Brunswick. WINNIPEG. .Mr. W. C. B. Grahame, Winnipeg, Manitoba. EMERSON.. Mr. J. E. Tetu, Railway Station, Emerson, Man. BRANDON.. Mr. Thos. Bennet, Office at the Railway Station , Brandon, Man. Other agents will be appointed for tho North- West ao the open- ing up of the country requires them. At all of the above-mentioned places there are offices and sta- tions ; at which all immigrants may rest and obtain temporary accommodation and comfort upon their arrival. Ortaii f'ar*'« and llvni Way to Ut^arli Cuiinda. Of course the intending emigrant will find out the days of sailing of the steamships by the hand-bills or advertisements which are now so very generally published ; and he will also find by the same ! rn- Vm JW f L iB ».|i ' - ' \ ' J ' vp i'Wiiglg1—>BW IWp l iff' ." " g ' J-"W..i "r«- r 4«- ^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 41 means the rates of passage — cabin, intermediate and steerage. The assisted passages are afforded to labourers and certain classes of mechanics and agriculturists, and are confined to the steerage, and do not apply to either the intermediate or saloon passage. Appli- cation should be made to any Government agent for information respecting the rates of assisted passages and the conditions neces- sary to obtiiin them. The saloon passage includes stateroom and all provisions. The intermediate passage includes provisions, beds, bedding, and all necessary utensils. The steerage includes a plentiful supply of cooked provisions, but steerage passengers must provide their own beds and bedding and eating and drinking tins. The outfit for a steerage passage is as follows : — one mattress, Is. 8d. or 40c. ; one pillow, 6d. or 12c. ; one blanket, 3s. 6d. or 85c. ; one water can, 9d. or 18c. ; one quart mug, 3d. or 6c. ; one tin plate, 3d. or 6c. ; one wash basin, 9d. or 18c. ; one knife and fork, 6d. or 12c. ; two spoons, 2d. or 4c. ; one pound marine soap, 6d. or 12c. ; one towel, 8d. , or 16c. ;— total 9s. 6d. or $2.30. The whole of these articles can be obtained of any outfitter in Liverpool at one minute's notice. These articles may now, however, be hired at a merely nominaj rate from some or all of the steamship companies. All children above the age of twelve years are considered adults and charged full price. All children under twelve, and over one year old, are charged half-price ; infants in arms being charged lOs. 6d. stg. or $2.55. Children, under the ocean adult age, have special rates made for them in the assisted passages of the Canadian Government The steerage passengers being so well provided with food on the steamships of the principal lines, need not think of providing them- selves with any kind of provisions. If they should be sick, they will be attended to by the ship's doctor, and supplied with medical somforts. fL ■r. ;!.■ ? ii. 'i.. t I; ti 1} ,4 ' ^ ■^i *• ¥ 1fc-t - ' . r'. ■/:■„' 42 MANITOBA AND THE NUKTll-VVEST. About Kiiyiii;; 1 ickelM. Generally, the intending emigrant will do well to put himself in communication with the agent of the steamship line by which he has made up his mind to sail, living either at or near the place where he resides. He will generally get all information from such agent, regarding the rates of passage, steamship outfit, and deposit to be made for securing his passage. An emigrant is generally advised to take his ticket to his place of destination, if that is fixed, as he will thereby be saved from the trouble of getting another ticket at the port of arrival; and in the case of assisted tickets, the lowest railway fares are added in the fares given by any of the agents of the steamship companies, either in taking an ordinary steerage ticket or an assisted passage. Canadian assisted passages are only afforded by steamships sail- ing to Canadian ports. The prices of all ocean passage tickets are generally very widely advertised in the newspapers, and by means of handbills, etc. Im- migrants should avoid trusting touters and bad characters who very often loiter about shipping otfices; and should take care only to have dealings with the regular agents of the steamship companies or the agents of the Government. Agriculturists in search of land, and specially those going to the North-West, should be very careful how they receive the glowing representations which are made to them by agents of land com- panies who will waylay them at many points on their journey, and particularly in passing through some of the Western States. An immigrant bound for Manitoba should persevere, in spite of all representations or misrepresentations, in going to see for himself. DiiHii;; flic l*n>i«ai(C. As soon as the emigrant gets on board the steamship he should make himself acquainted with the rules he is expected to obey whilst at sea. These are generally printed and hung up in the ^ .T. MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 43 4 steerage. He should do his best to carry them out; to be woll- I behaved, and to keep himself clean. He will thus add not only to his own health and comfort, but to that of those around him. If ! he should have any grievance or real cause of complaint during the 1 passage, he should of course make it known to the Captain, who will naturally seek to have justice done, as well for his own interest as for that of his ship and his employers. The mawter of the ship is responsible for any neglect or bad con- duct on the part of the stewards or any officers of the crew. All steamsh'ps carrying emigrants have doctors on board, and in case « of sickness, any emigrants will receive medical care, and medici«ie, with such comforts as may be considered necessary by the doctor. ; The large steamships have stewardesses to look after the female '■ portion of the steerage passengers, who have separate and isolated ; accommodation in the better class of steamers ; a necessary precau- I tion where large numbers of both sexes are carried within a limited space. Mechanics and artisans will of course bring the special tools for ; their special trades and pursuits ; but they must bear in mind that • there is no difficulty in buying any ordinary tools in Canada at reasonable prices, and that it is better to have the means of pur- I chasing what they want after reaching their destination, than to be hampered with a heavy lot of luggage on their journey, causing I them trouble and expense. As a general rule, the tools made in ! America are lighter and better adapted to the needs of the country i than those made in the Old Country. lloiiey. In biinging out money from the United Kingdom, it is better to get a bill of exchange or a bank letter of credit for any large sum, as then there is no danger through its being lost. Any smaller sums are better brought in sovereigns or half-sovereigns, as far as possiblo, fcl^ ■ , ■ , ., „.-,-. I I I •I:-' Li'. ■I ■-?■: y\.'f .k.' 'I '. •■■■*i 44 MANITOBA AND TII1<: NOUTH-WEST. rather than in silvor or bank-bills. Even Bank of England bills are subject to the rate of exchange, which may vary, and not always in favour of the immigrant. But gold sovereigns and half-sove- reigns have always their absolute par value, which is fixed by law. On silver coins — shillings, florins, half-crowns, etc. — the immigrant will lose. Take the shilling, for instance. Although it freely passes for the one-twentieth of a pound in England, it is not really worth that proportion, it being only what is called a ''token," and not a legal tender, except for small change, or in sums under £2, and in Canada it is only taken for what it is worth. Still, what silver the emigrant brings had better be in shillings. Priw tlcfil ^iig^tfc^Hlfofii for Intetidfiit; ^icttlerfl« In view of the certainty that an influx of population into Mani- toba will be the most marked feature of the immigration movement for many years to come, it is advisable to furnish particular direc- tions respecting it in this place, at the risk of some repetition of information in previous payes of this book. The previous directions how to go, and what routes to take, from the United Kingdom, or the continent of Europe, are common to all immigrants ; and all assisted passages to Canadian ports and facilities afforded to immigrants are common to those going to Ma- nitoba. The word " Manitoba," in this particular, being also in- tended for the Canadian North- West, Manitoba being the Gate- way, Any intending settlers in Manitoba arriving at United States ports — either Boston or New York — should, if they have not al- ready procured through tickets, at once get them to the point of destination without suffering themselves to be influenced, and pro- bably misled, by specious misrepresentations made to them by per- sons interested in the sale of American railway lands. They should persist in proceeding to their destination, to judge of the facts for nf- \\ x«- ^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WKST. 45 V themselves. From Nevyr York to Boston the tickets should read via Chicago and ISt. Paid to ly^innipeg. The attention of emigrants cannot be too particularly directed to everything about their luggage. In the first pjace. it is very de- sirable that they should not encumber themselves with unnecessary articles, as these, besides causing them a great deal of trouble, may in the end cost a great deal more than they are worth. On all the steamship bills the passenger will find stated how many cubic feet of luggage he can take with him on board the steamship. Cabin passengers are allowed 20 cubic feet, intermediate passengers 15 cubic feet, and steerage passengers 10 cubic feet of luggage free. It may, however, happen that the number of cubic feet of luggage which the steamship will allow is very much heavier than the 150 lbs. in weight allowed to each passenger on the West- ern railways. The railways in the older Provinces of Canada are very liberal in dealing with emigrants' luggage, and will let pass anything that is not very much out of the way. On the Western railways, how- ever, the luggage is weighed, and high freight rates are charged for all luggage in excess of 150 lbs. weight per passenger. A family or party going together, however, may have their luggage all weighed together, and no change made unless there is an excess above an average of 1 50 lbs. for each. Many heavy lumbering things some- times carried by immigrants are not worth paying the excess of freight for, and can be better and more cheaply purchased on arri- val at their destination. The luggage, and boxes or trunks of every passenger should be plainly marked with his name and destination. All heavy luggage and boxes are stowed away in the hold, but the emigrant should put in a separate and small package the things he will require for use on the voyage. These he should keep by him and take into his berth. nii i i i imu i yHM.l i II ii> imwni i| . i ju^ ,■ I ,.v •;] ;'.. I I L -..«._— MMM A . .' >•■ I;' ■ * » ■'V B[ '■•'if ••y t , ■ • ■ 4t) MANITollA AND THE NOUTII-WKST. t Emigrants sosnotiiues sutl'or groat loss aiul inoonvenionce from losing their luggage. They shonkl, therefore, be careful not to lose sight of it until it is put on shipboard. It is then perfectly safe. I Upon arrival at Quebec it will be passed by the Customs officers and put into what is called the "baggage car" of the railway train,' where it is " checked " to its destination. This means that there is attached to each article a little piece of metal with a number stamped on it, while a corresponding piece similarly numbered is given to the passenger to keep until his destination is reached. The Railway is then responsible for the safety of his luggage, and will not give it up until he shows his "check." This custom has great safety as well as convenience. After arrival at Quebec or Halifax, however, the immigrant should see that his luggage is with him on the same train ; and if he is going to the North-West via the United States, he must see that it is passed by the United States Custom officers there, and again put tti the train. Many have suffered great loss from not taking this precaution, their luggage having been left behind. Wliut to Take. The emigrant should take with him as good a supply of clothing as he can. Woollen clothing and other kinds of wearing apparel, blankets, house-linen, &c., are generally cheaper in England than in Canada. Generally, all bedding should be taken, and the covers and ticks of the beds, but not the materials with which they are stuffed, as these would be too bulky, and can readily be obtained on arrival. Many of the little household necessaries which the emigrant pos- sesses he might do well to bring, and they may prove very useful ; but still it is advisable to consider well the weight and bulk, and how far it is worth while. Articles of household furniture, crockery, stoves, or heavy arti- des of hardware, should be left behind or sold, except in some cir' r ^■ *!« ice from >t to lose tly safe, cers and y train, there is number jered is ed. The ind will as great migrant and if nust see ire, and rem not i othing pparel, d than covers Ley atm nedon nt pos- sef ul ; , and y arti- le cir- 4i MANITOBA AND THK NOUTII-WKST. 47 curastanoea for special reasons which the emi;,'rant will consider. It must be borne in mind that such articles are vury liable to break- age, especially on long railway journeys to the West. Agricultural labourers should not bring any of their tools with them, as these can easily be got in Canada, of the best kinds, and puited to the needs of the country. Generally speaking, the farm- ing tools used in England would not 1 e suitable for Canada. I It is unnecessary in a work of this kind to go into an elaborate description of the principal cities and towns which have so suddenly sprung into existence in the Canadian North- West, although many of these communities by their magical development and rapid pro- IP^ gross have surprised the world and are phenomenal even in the history of the Great West. Many chapters might be devoted to recording the extraordinary strides made in commercial circles by the chief trade centres, but it will be sufficient for the purposes of our pamphlet to give the reader a general glance at leading markets. V/innipeg. This enterprising city is the metropolis of the North-West, and during the time of its existence has outstripped all rivals in the West in growth and advancement. In 1870, the then hamlet num- bered some 200 souls ; in 1874 it was incorporated as a city, with a population of 6,000. In 1881; there were 15,000 people in the city, but wonderful as has been the progress of the prairie city for eight years of its existence, the gigantic strides during 1 882 totally eclipsed the previous advance in population, for we find the city now with a thriving host of nearly 30,000 souls. Some further idea <'f the k -^ I '!, A 'I, •.■■ .ri' .s* ^1 ; *■ ^.■■iiii— HfcfcWW '^ 48 MANITOBA AND THE NORTU-VVEST. growth of Winnipeg m.iy be had from the following figures, taken from the assessment roll for 1882 : — Ward. 1881. South $3,374,880 North 1,923,820 West 2,257,385 East 1,040,350 1882. $10,467,150 8,103,870 7,780,300 4,080,950 Increase. $7,092,270 6,180,050 5,522,915 2,440,600 Poptace La Prairie, Brandon, The next point on the main line of the C. P. R., was laid out in 1881, and now boasts upwards of 4,000 souls. This equally phen- omenal western city is also surrounded by a fine farming country, well settled, and is certain to become important and thriving. $9,190,435 $30,432,270 $21,235,835 The Assessment is divided — Real estate, $25,154,900 ; buildings* $3,277,550; personal, $2,000,270. j No less than seven lines of railway now centre in Winnipeg, which has become the doorway and chief distributing point between the East and the vast prairie region of the North- West. Situated on the Assiuiboine River, and on the line of the Cana- dian Pacific Railway, is the next city of importance in the western section, and is about sixty miles distant from Winnipeg. It has grown very rapidly, and in ten years it has gained a population of 5,000. There are many fine buildings, and the city is surrounded by a magnificent country closely settled by prosperous farmers. >*< ■* if taken ildings) nnipeg, •etween Oana- restern It has iion of unded | rs. lut in phen- intry, MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. OT'jiEI^, T0W]^lS.- 4S Following these trade centres, which even now are only tn their infancy and give great promise of increasing with as great rapidity as heretofore, there are numerous other town sites which have been laid out along the line, and are already absorbing a considerable portion of the in-going population, offering fine opportunities for almost every trade and business enterprise. These sites have been selected in the most advantageous positions and will therefore be surrounded by an excellent farming country. Among the most important may be mentioned ViRDBN, a very promising town site, favourably located and with excellent prospects of becoming a town of considerable importance. ' Although only a few months in existence, there is already the nucleus of a thriving village. Broadview, although only l&id out a few months ago as a town, is already making rapid strides in building operations. It has a fine station. Quite a number of stores and dwellings were erected there last summer. Broadview is also happily situated in the centre of a good agricultural tract of country, and is the end of a Railway division where the railroad shops will be located shortly. Qu'Appelle is destined to become one of the most flourishing centres in the Canadian North- West, owing to its close proximity to ; a splendid tract of fine agricultural land lying in the now famous f *' Qu'Appelle Valley." As a distributing point Qu'Appelle will be > a most important station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, as the I country surrounding it is being rapidly settled by the very best ( class of farmers. ■>it * D MlMh^ ^^ wt ^ T ■ ^ i Kl ww ►r ' ".ff' ■ (i • i:; ' ■ • ji. ; '■:'k, '.*.Vv i i'^¥ '^ 50 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. Eegina, the new city of the plains and future capital and metro- polis of the North-West Territory, is situated in the centre of, pro- bably, the richest wheat lands in the North-West. A broad and deep creek containing the very beat quality of water runs through the site, and the gentle slope of the land will give it the very best drainage facilities. Here the Government buildings of the territory and the Governor's residence are to be erected immediately. It is the headquarters for the Mounted Police and large and commodious buildings have been erected for their accommodation. From the position of Regina in the very centre of the great Prairie Region it is destined to become the chief distributing point for all that vast territory. poisi'^ii j^yn'i'Ei?^. In a new country where towns, villages and settlements spring into existence almost in a few weeks, a Post Office is about the first institution petitioned for, and the Dominion Government have put forth every effort to supply new settlers with mail facilities. The subjoined is a complete list of Post Offices in the Canadian North- West, together with a few official rules and suggestions, which will be found especially useful to those new to the country. The names of places printed in italics are money order offices. Those having the * are on the line of the Canadian Pacific Rail- way. Those with a f have a regularly located office of the Canada ^ North-West Land Company I mnmmmt ^ ,i .\ "" ■J '.r s ' W-'.'iwe ^ ." "vrnMH ^vr^.^jf"^--,-'- »i» ^ i ii nn. ' a tar ■••aMMIil *- * MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 51 IN><*1 Oni■ "' . '>*■ ■ I '■■, .■»,■■■■ :■■:% ■■-J '* 52 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH -WKST. Eden p:iton Fairview Fort EUice Gladstone Glendale Glenora Golden Strc ani Giiswold Hamilton Kingsley High Bluff* Am and * Clear Springs Dominion City * Emerson* Gauthier Green Ridge La Broquerie Letellie Argyle Brandon * \ Brandon Hills Brookdale Deloraine Desford Grand Valley Glendenning Gopher Creek Headingly Laugvale M ARQUl^rrTK - Continued. Oak Point Oak River Oberon Odanah Osprey Olive Ossowa Pembina Cn».ssing Petrel Pigeon Lake Pilot Mound Pomeroy PROVENCHER. Morris Naas Niverville* Otterburne* Rat River* Ridgeville Ste. Anne Ste. Agathe SELKIRK. Loretto Lome Lothair Millford Millbrook Mowbray Prairie Grove Plympton Pultney Rhineland WINNIPEG. Winnipeg * Thomhill Toddburn Treherne Totogon Viola Dale Warrington Wellington Wellwood Westbourne Woodside Wheatland St. Boniface* St. Norbert* St. Pie St. Vital St. Jean Baptiste West Lynne Roseberry Sewell Souria Sourisburg Souris Mouth St. Charles St. James Turtle Mountain Virden * f Wakopa "T * -^^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. Temtopial Dri/isions. 53 The extensive range of country lying between the western limits of the Province of Manitoba and the eastern boundary of British Columbia, has been formed into four Territorial Divisions, named Assiniboia and Saskatchewan, immediately contiguous to Manitoba, and Alberta and Athabasca further west, and between the other two Divisions and British Columbia. This district comprises an area of about 95,000 square miles. It is bounded on the south by the International Boundary line, on the east by the western boundary of Manitoba, on the north by the 9th Correction Line of the Dominion Lands System of Survey into Townships, which is near to the 52nd parallel of latitude. On the west it is bounded by the line dividing the 10th and 11th ranges of townships west of the 4th initial meridian of the Dominion Lands Survey. >l»iirk'l of S!i».kalolMj>viiii. This district comprises about 114,000 square miles, bounded on the south by the district of Assiniboia, and the northern boundary of the Province of Manitoba; Winnipeg with a part of Nelson River forms its eastern boundary; on the north it is bounded by the 18th Correction Line on the Dominion Lands System of Survey, and on the west by the line of that system dividing the 10th and IJth ranges of townships west of the fourth initial meridian. IHwtrkt of it Iberia. This district comprises an area of about 100,000 square miles, bounded on the south by the International Boundary; on the east by the district of Assiniboia; on the west by the Province of British I ^ mtmum'nmf'mmmm ^ •'••t;^' ■ •; a 54 Ht MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WKST. Columbia, at the base of the Rocky Mountains; and on the north by the 18th Correction Line before mentioned, which ig near the 65th parallel of latitude. l>l(itrlot of Atlifituitcn This district comprises an area of about 122,000 square miles, bounded on the south by the district of Alberta; on the east by the line between the iOth and 11th ranges o^ the Dominion Land Town- ships before mentioned, until in j^roceeding northwards, that line intersects the Athabasca River; then by that river and the Atha- basca Lake and Slave River to the intersection of this with the northern boundary of the district which is to be the 32nd Correction Line of the Dominion Lands Township System, and is very near the 60th parallel of north latitude, and westward by the Province of British Columbia. Letters and other mail matter therfore intended for any settlement or place in the North- West country thus divided, shoiild be ad- dressed to the Territorial Division in which it may be situated. As Winnipeg, however, is the distributing Post Office for th^ whole region, such letters, &c., should invariably have "»)ta Win- nipeg" as part of the direction. l*o»l OHircH in ilie .\or(li-U'e9l Terrltorlet, Broad viewt Gieufelf Indian Head Moosejaw * f Battleford Carleton Calgary \ Edmonton ASSINIBOIA. Moofeomin * f Touchwood Hills Qu'Appelle * f Troy lieyina * f Wolf Creek SASKATCHEWAN. Grandin Stobart Prince Albert ALBERTA T^ort Saskatchewan St. Albert ^ * ■){i f.. W* » lli l .Jiii N i l iiii r nti ■•■■>...i»>iitii i ii % , —„ -»wt'm,tfm THE NORTH-WEST. 55 New Post Offices are established by the Department wherever it is ascertained that a sufficient number of inhabitants can be accom- modated, and there is a probability uf a sufficient amount of corres- pondence to warrant such a measure. When a new Post Office is required, a petition should be addressed to the Postmaster-General at Ottawa, signed by as many of the inhabitants as can conveniently subscribe the same. The petition should state the name of the township and the number of the lot and concession on which it is ( desired the office should be established ; the distance from the I neighbouring offices ; whether there is a village at the site of the proposed Post Office ; the number of mills, stores, taverns, and i houses thereat ; the extent of the settlement to be served, and the I probable cost of the mail service ; together with any other facts ' which may form any ground for giving the acccommodation applied for. Money orders are issued at every Money Order Office in Canada, on every other Money Order Office in Canada as well as on every Money Order Office in the United Kingdom, Newfoundland, and British India. Money orders are also issued at every Money Order Office in the above countries, payable at the Money Order Offices in Canada. Money orders are also drawn by all the Money Order Offices in Canada on certain authorized offices in the United States. COMMISSION ON MONEY ORDERS. On Money Orders drawn by any Money Order Office in Canada on any other Money Order Office in the Dominion, is as follows : — If not exceeding $4 2c. Over $4 " ' 10 5c. «< 10 " " 20 10c. '^ ,>;,. ^':^ ' ■^^^r . '■■■"..» i< . .is: ^ -►^^ 66 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. Over 20 not exceeding 40 20c. 30c. 40c. 60c. No single Money Order, payable in the Dominion of Canada, can be issued for more than $100 ; but as many of $100 each may be given as the remitter requires. Jl X' , J>. t^ MANITOBA AND THE NOUTll-WKST. 67 Amoi'NT in CuTTency to be paid for Money Orders drawn on the United Kingdom and British India. Amount l)ayablw in United Kingilom. Dollars and cents, Amount payable in IJnited Kingdom. Dollars and cents. Amount payable in llnited Kingdom. Dollars and cents. Amount avable in United Kingdom. I' Dollars and 1 ents. £ s. U d. 1 2 •.i 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 0. £ s. d. $ c. 2 11 22 4 10 24 6 2 49 8 3 73 10 4 97 12 5 1 22 14 6 1 46 16 7 1 71 18 8 1 95 20 y 2 19 £ .<». d. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 38 19 % c. 2 44 2 68 2 92 3 17 3 41 3 65 3 90 4 14 4 38 4 63 £ s. 1 2 3 4 5 (J 7 8 9 10 d. s 4 9 14 c. 87 74 61 19 48 24 29 34 35 22 09 38 96 43 83 48 70 i i: ■I. The rate of postage on a letter posted within the Dominion of Canada, for transmission by Mail to any place in Canada, is 3 cents per half ounce weight ; but the Statute provides that this rate must be prepaid by Postage Stamp at the time of posting the letter. Parcel Post to all parts of Manitoba and the North-West Terri- : tories (except the City of Winnipeg, to which the 4 lb. limit applies) \ the limit of weight is 2 lbs. 3 oz. j No packet of miscellaneous matter can be transmitted by mail if it exceed 24 inches in length or 12 inches in width or depth. No parcel can be forwarded to Manitoba (except to the city of Winnipeg) via the United States which exceeds in weight the limit of 2 lbs. 3 ounces. On all newspapers and periodicals posted in Canada, other than those addressed from the office of publication, to regular subscribers ^ or news agents in the Dominion, including all newspapers and peri- , odicals published less frequently than once a month, the rate will be one cent per four ouncesy to be invariably prepaid by postage stamp. T" 4 >1 S^ * . ■ 1" 'I :jl ■ ■ ■'■>•!' ■ Vf ! ■ ■■, I ..'tT 'if 58 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WKST. I Manitoliii and Ihc Canadian Xortli - West. RECAPITUJLATION. Scasoni. — Ploughing commences in April. Seeding in April and May. Harvest in August. Winter commences middle Novem- ber and lasts till end of March. Climate. — Healthy, no epidemic diseases, no malaria. Spring — clear and bright. Summer — Warm, with cool nights. Autumn — Balmy and pleasant. Winter — Uniform, dry and bracing. Soil. — Rich, black, argillaceous mould or loam, 2 to 4 feet deep, on a very tenacious clay subsoil. » Water. — Good water by digging anywhere. Clear running streams. Ponds and picturesque lakes. IVood. — Groves and clumps of trees dot the prairie. The rivers and streams are lined with timber, and wood is easily obtain- able for fuel and building purposes. Hay.— Cattle prefer the wild prairie grass of the Canadian North- West to the cultivated varieties. It is very fattening to stock, and abundant everywhere. Timothy yields three tons per acre. Wheat 30 bushels- Oats 67 II Barley 40 » Potatoes 350 h Turnips 1000 ,, Carrots 300 ,i Onions 270 „ Fruit. — Fruit trees of all ordinary kinds yield abundantly. Currants, raspberries, gooseberries, grapes, strawberries, etc., thrive I excellently. ight, 62 to 66 pounds. II 40 II n 60 II rki??f'r^^i'=''?fmmi'3mmmmmm m»i. ^f mj » m^i'i ''«'it0Kmam f^*pi^ . il^ I ft,'*-.' . (" 1 ,.* ■ ■ '■1, ■' ■', V'.-i ■■^:^ * CO MANITOBA ANU TIIK NDllTll-WKST. proiT, J:[alifa}: to Ouct^c. From HiilUwx-to Quoboc ivia liilerci i!onia,l railway,) it iB GHfo liUk.s; to Montreal it ih 843 inileHi to T<»ront:o 1,191 viiil.^s; to Ohic:u'o, 1,7(.)0 miles; to WiuniposT, 2,669 mil OH. CONDENSED TIME TABLE BETWEKN CHICAGO AND nUNCIPAL POINTS Uf Manitoba and tlio Canadian ^'orlii-weM. aOlNCi >A^EST. Leave Chicago Arrive St. Paiil (St. Paul, Minn. & Man. Ky). . Leave St. Paul Arrive St. Vincent (International Boundary) . . " Emerson " Winnipeg Leave Winnipeg Arrive Portage la Prairie " Brandon " Broadview " Regina 11 30 a-m, 6 15 " 8 00 " 3 45 " 4 05 " 6 60 " 8 15 " 10 35 " 1 55 p.m. 11 ;^o " 5 55 a.m. 9 00 p.m. 12 45 '• 7 00 " 4 20 " 4 40 " 7 05 " <<>toiie\vali Bfirarifti. Leave Winnipeg . Arrive Stonewall. 8 25 a.m. 9 45 " \| iiMii|Kt '^ ►J onto i,569 \/TS K)p.m. 1 5 '• I )0 " 1 U '< 1 " 15 " ^ MANITOBA AND THK NOHTH-WEST. 61 • OS THE LINK OF THK (Prairie Section) WITH DISTANCES BETWEEN STATIONS. FROM ST. VINCENT (International Boundary.) TO WINNIPEG. 68 66 56 48 40 31 23.5 12 3 1.5 St. Vincent Eineriton Dominion City Arnaud Dufroat Otterburne Niverville St. Norbert St. Boniface Winnipeg Junction Winnipeg 2 12 20 28 37 44.5 56 65 66.5 68 I FROM Winnipeg to Rat Portage. L35 133.5 126 119 112 10.3.5 97 87.5 77.5 71.5 62 51.5 41 37 31 23.3 16 11 3.5 Winnipeg Winnipeg Junction Bird's Hill Gonor Selkirk Tyndall Beausejoiir Monmouth Shelly Whitemouth Darwin Rennie Telfork Cross Lake Ingolf Kaimar Deception Ostersund • Keewatiii Rat Portage 1.5 9 16 23 31.5 38 47.5 57.5 6;i.5 73 83.5 94 98 104 111.8 119 124 131.5 135 FROM Winnipeg to Stonewall. 19.8, Winnipeg .T7 . . 0~ 18.3jAir Line Junction 1.5 6.5 Stoney Mountain i 13.3 I Stonewall | 19.8 MAIN LINE Prom Winnipeg to Regina. Winnipeg Air Line J unction Winnipeg West . . Rosser Marquette Reaburn Poplar Point High Bluff ...... . Portage la Prairie Burnside Bagot McGregor Austin Sidney Melbourne Carberry Sewell Douglas Chater Brandon Alexander Griswold . . Oak Lake Virden Hargraves Elkhorn . . Fleming , . 1.5 7.8 15.1 22.2 29 35,2 40.5 48.7 66 63.5 71 79 84.6 92.8 98.5 105.7 114.3 121.8 127.5 132.6 141.1 148.7 157 165.5 180.2 188.3 196.8 211.1 4 1'^ MBihi :fe ■ ■» ' '■i''/ . . ■•.,1* 62 MANITOBA AND THE NOUTH-WEST. ^ *h From Winnipeg to Regmr—Confd. Moosomin lied Jacket Wapella Burrows Whitewoc)iw»»*«=!^.ww ' v m' j t Dtftmntti "'. i " ^ A * tJMg,'!iC*. ' ? "" ' ^ k>i.' * * MANITOBA AND THE NOBTH-WEST. ^IJQQE^I'IOPIS '!!0 EjMIQK^I^l'lS. 63 PASBINa THBOUOH THE UNITED STATES. Parties moving to Manitoba should pack their household effects in good boxes, mark eaoh package plainly vrith name and destination of owner in ink — cards are liable to be rubbed off — and consign them via the CANADIAN PACIFIC EAILWAY. Make an itemized invoice of the goods, giving in full description and value, and hand it to the Railroad or Steamship Company at shipping point, to be forwarded with the goods. This invoice is required by the American Cus- toms for bonding purposes, and all goods arriving at the Customs stations on the American border, without invoices, are detained by Collector of Customs tmtil the invoice is received. Certified invoices or Consul's certificates are not required by the American { Customs for goods consigned to Manik^. THROUGH TICKETS Call be obtained from all Canadian and American Railway Companies, to any of the following points : — St. Vincent, £meraon, Winnipeg, Selkirk. Rat Portage, Portage la Prairie, Brandon, Broadview, Qu'Appelle, Regina, &0. And all Stations on the Canadian Pacific Railway. *• I V ■.»,. If, «• ■'•>(■ J.. •■■. ''M "■■X. I mt ■J I '"•St ■•"!|.»!l I '■' ■ f 4^ '^ 64 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST GOJ^eLlJfSIOll. In concluding this small handbook, we can safely say to those into whose hands it may fall, that the facts stated are correct, and that the general view of the country and its prospects are neither imaginary nor too highly coloured. Volumes have been and will continue to be written of the country, and Manitoba and the North- West will soon be familiarly and favourably known throughout the civilized world. We cannot do better then, in closing these few pages, than quote the following extracts from the Report for 1882, submitted to Par- liament by the Right Honourable Sir John A. Macdonald, K.C.B., Minister of the Interior. They contain the strongest evidences that can be given of the rapid growth and progress of the North- West. " Probably one of the most striking indications of the rapid set- tlement of the North- West Territories of Canada will be found in the augmentation of the business of the Department of the Interior, as illustrated by the following comparative statement of correspon- dence for the past two years: — 1881. 1882. Received. Sent. Received. Sent. The number of letters received and sent by the Department was 13,606 15,829 25,500 30,300 ** This shows an increase in the total number of letters received and sent in 1882 over those received and sent in 1881, of 26,366. r" •M ., /, * apid set- found in Interior, rrespon- »2. Sent. 30,300 eceived 1,366. to those rect, and B neither and will le North- roughout an quote d to Par- j K.C.B., ncea that J North- '^ :ri - I MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. " Still more striking is the following summary of the returns from the ▼arious Dominion Lands Agencies: — 65 I 1881. Entries. Acres. i Homesteads . Pre-emptions Sales Total 1882. I Entries. 2,753 1,649 1,417 5,819 438,707 263,047 355,165 1,057,519 7,383 5,654 3.703 16,740 Acres. 1,181,052 904,211 613,282 2,699,145 " Compared with the returns for 1881, this gives an increase for 1882 in the number of homestead and pre-emption entries of 10,921, and, in the area disposed of, of 1,641,626 acres. 1881. 1882. Homestead fees $28,339 $72,930 Pre-emption fees 16,855 54,499 Cash on account of land sales 170,506 1,347,935 Timber, mining and grazing receipts 44,504 85,984 Registration and other fees 1,639 2,227 Scrip and bounty warrants 84,097 54,791 Total $352,000 $1,618,366 Compared with the receipts for 1881 this shows an increase for 1882 of $1,266,366 And if to this increase be added the sum of $547,711, derived in 1882 from the sale of colonization lands And the sum of $5,780 derived from miscellaneous sources 547,711 $547,711 5,780 5,780 The total increase of annual receipts in 1882 over 1881 will actually amount to $1,819,857 The total income for the year 1882 is thus shown to be $2,171,857 I * -4* ■'A ■'•M '■■■'.<". s ■•:>« >m .,■■ .f.j ■S^' 1.,* . ■- .1' * t:^ 66 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. **It is also woithy of remark that, while the income from Do- minion lands from the establishment of the Department of the In- terior up to the close of 1881, amounted in all to $820,000, the sum realized during the past year alone was $2,171,857, being $1,351,857 more than for all the previous years put together. * ' There is every reason to believe that the companies who have organized and gone into operation will be successful, and will prove to be valu.able immigration and colonization auxiliaries. *' The enhanced value of agricultural lands, arising from the rapid increase of the population, has led to considerable competition amongst settlers for the acquisition of the homestead and pre-emp- tion sections in the more populous portions of Manitoba and the country immediately to tike west. *' Since the date of the last Report of the Department, the stan- dard outlines of 800 townships have been surveyed, and 430 town- ships have been divided into quarter sections, and set out for set- tlement, making available for the immigration of this spring an area of eight and a half millions of acres of good farming land. These surveys have established, beyond doubt, that from the west- ern boundary of Manitoba to the Moose Jaw creek, heretofore called ' The Barren Plains of the Souris,' there is to be found some of the finest agricultural land in the world — indeed the bulk of the settle- ment of last summer was in this very region;— while from the Moose Jaw creek to the Bow river, shown on our earlier maps as the nor- thern extension of the Great American Desert, it is now definitely established that but a comparatively small proportion of the land is unfit for cultivation. " That coal is abundant not only in the valley of the Souris river, but I: ore or less throughout nearly every portion of the territories west of the 106th degree of longitude west of Greenwich, is now practically certain. In addition to what was done by the Geological Branch of the Department, extensive explorations, with a view to the discovery of coal, were undertaken by private individuals in the course of the past season, and the result has been to confirm all that was previously conjectured in regard to its abundance and great commercial value. " The eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains £, *ve promise of being almost, if not altogether, as valuable for deposits of the pre- cious metals as their western slopes have proved to be. Numerous applications are being received for the privilege of exploring for and mining gold and silver, and regulations designed to ericourage the prosecutions of these explorations and operations will be laid before Parliament for approval, during its present session." p * * * ►I^ *i }lZIi 4 ^■1 .''■!; ^a m ■ t' ■■■>:• ■n '■' • ■f'^ A. -a!; ■•.i> I THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COY. AMENDED LAND REGULATIONS. This Company now offer lands within the Railway 6«lt along the Main Line at prices ranging frow %'i.3n PKK 4( KK M»W\IIDS, with conditions requiring cultivation. A rebate for cultivation of from $1.25 to $3.50 per acre, accord- ing to price paid for the land, allowed on certain conditions. •J The Company also offer lands, without Conditions of Settlement t or Cultivation* I Tin: iii:«ii:uvi:a» HKi"rio!\>> Along the Main Line as far as Moose Jaw, t. e., the Sections within one ] mile of the Railway, are uow offered for sale on advantageous terms, but f only to parties prepared to undertake their cultivation within a specified f time. I The Highly Valuable Lands in Southern Manitoba, allotted \ to the Company South of the Railway Belt, have been transfered to the .' CANADA NORTH-WEST LAND COMPA^Y, to whom intending ; purchasers must apply. These include lands along the South-Western ; Branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which will be completed and in j operation this season to Gretna on the International Boundry, and West- \ ward to Pembina Mountain, also lands in the Districts of the Souris, 1 Pelican and Whitewater Lakes, and Moose Mountain. ] Terms of Payment— Canadian Pacific Railway Lands* Purchasers may pay i in Cash, and the balance in five annual instal- ments, with interest at SIX PER CENT, per annum in advance. Parties purchasing without conditions of cultivation, will receive a | deed of conveyance at time of purchase, if payment is made in full jj Payments may be made in LAND GRANT BONDS which will be accepted at ten per cent, premium on their par value and accrued interest. These Bonds can be obtained on application at the Bank of Montreal, Montreal ; or at any of its agencies. For Prices and Conditions of Sale and all information with respect to the purchase of the Railway Company's Lands, apply to JOHN H. MoTAVISH, Land Commissioner, Winnipeg. By order of the Board. CHARLES DRINKWATBR» Secretary. Montreal, 22nd January, 1883. i Hb' •Hr^ -^ -^ * >M>M'NM>iMa|HMiirfMia*MMi^MMi*i^«Bi^M«aiMMM««MMII CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. ESTABLISHED 1847. HEAD OFFICE:— HAMILTON, ONT. CAPITAL AND FUNDS NEARLY 6.000,000 DOLLARS. ANNUAL INCOME OVER $1,000,000. ———♦♦« A. G. RA.MSAY, Esq. F. W. GATES, Esq. ^oavii of IJircctotr* : JOHN STUART, Esq., Hamilton. DENNIS MOORE, Esq., Hamilton. WILLIAM HENDRIE, Esq., Hamilton. GEORGE A. KIRKPATKIC'K, Esq., M.P., Kingston. A. G. RAMSAY, Esq., Hamilton. J. OSBORNE, Esq., Hamilton. THE HON. SIR ALEX. CAMPBELL, K.C.M.G., Ottawa. A. ALLAN, Esq., (H. A A. Allan,) Montreal. THOS. SVVINYARD, Esq., Hamilton. F. W0LVER3TAN THOMAS, Esq., Montreal Rev. canon INNES, London. THE HON. D. McINNES, Hamilton. GEORE HAGUE, Esq., Montreal. F. W. GATES, Esq., Hamilton. THE HON. Mr. JUSTICE BURTON, Toronto. Col. C. S. <^'^OWSKI, A.D.C. to the Queen, Toronto. N. MERR.Tl', Esq., Toronto. ^ecveiavtj : R, HILLS. ALKX. 1CAM8AY. TABLES OF RATES for the various systems of Life Assurance, and every information may be obtained at the Head Office in Hamilton, Ont., m' at any of the Branches and Agencies which are established throughout Canada. * >& '•'U . I' •■»• f;' -> Iv '•;» -.V^; ■ ■■•;•'< ■ ::;S ■ 't ..■5> ^ Table shewing the Business in Canada of all Life Companies acting under | Government License. | - i Company. Canada Lifef iEtna Confederation Standard , Equitable Sun Ontario Mutual Travelers Union Mutual Lond. and Lancash... lafe Ass. of Canada.. North American Citizens Koyal N. Brit. & Merc Metropolitan Star Con'l Union Lion Queen L. & L. & Globe Toronto Briton Life London Assurance +Years to J^Oth April, '81 and '82. ASSUKANCES IN Force. 1881. Prem's for the Year 1881. 27,429,725 11,370,008 8.003,279 6,870,014 0,449,617 4,990,157 4,192,011 3,230,619 2,888,028 2,655,904 1,571,598 1,127,212 1,032,254 969,524 957,029 890,932 805,328 687,455 448,500 408,189 271 639 220,909 118,900 30,125 736,746 403,597 214,738 194,724 220,365 148,564 160,523 94,905 94,804 78,700 37,307 34,353 21,168 27,479 25,560 25,581 21,379 20,775 14,148 9.881 9;008 6,262 3,391 987 Am't of New Policies 1882. 4,133,365 l,821,3fi2 1,917,214 1,072,600 1,079,000 1,671,768 1,593,838 519,000 472,050 732,700 420,000 1,410,384 153,709 18,327 27,100 32,000 130,913 25,307 481,000 24,500 2,700 76,800 20,000 973 The following are other figures as to the Canadian Companies acting under Government license : INCOME. Canada $1,008,164 Confederation 267,184 Sun 176,048 Ontario Mutual 175,241 Life Association of Canada North American Citizens 1 PER CENTAGE OF EXPENSES TO INCOME. Canada Confederation Ontario Mutual Citizens Sun Life Association of Canada North American 43,696 41,342 34,209 13.9 22.6 25.3 27.8 28.8 41.6 63. These figures afford a fair basis for judging of the profitmaking power of the respective Companies. * ting under t <)f New ieH 1882. ,133,365 l,821,3fi2 1,917,214 1,072,600 ,070,000 1,671,768 1,593,838 619,000 472,050 732,700 420,000 1,410,384 153,709 18,327 27,100 32,000 130,913 25,307 481,000 24,500 2,700 76,800 20,000 973 cting under $1,008,164 267,184 176,048 175,241 43,696 41,342 34,209 13.9 22.6 25.3 27.8 28.8 41.6 63. ? power of * THE NORTH BRITISH CANADIAN INVESTMENT COMPANY (LIMITED). Incouporated under the Companies' Acts; *♦» -* THE MAKQUIS OF TWEEDALE, Chairman. ROBERT YOUNG, Esq., Merchant, Glasgow. P. STURROCK, Esq., Coalmaster, Kilmarnock. SAMUEL GUNN, Esq., Merchant, Glasgow. HUGH WRIGHT, Esq., ot Alticry, Wigtonshire. JOHN CLARK, Esq., Anchor Mills, Paisley. A li I i \. I w i] ,K A V il i a .•;■ ■ ■ ■ ^. V 'I' ■■'$'. LtiA ^""^ -pates. tjiOl oTcvO'^ ^^>^ets (5 e\3eo '^^1^V»** •via l,oT Steat»®^^ I elites BARLOW CUIBERLUID, Trafflc Manager, TOROHTO. LIFE HEAl NEA JOHN DENIi WILI GEOK A. G. J. OS THE A. A THO£ F. W Rev. THE GEO: F. W THE Col. N. H TAl every in at any Canada ilT-i .<\ ,it. " ■ < Is ■via ae in 5 LsTaiP "e eX- (;poi»^ j L\)eo, iliasls- via 1 1 taoifto ^ ■fi/lani- i fferi» duis of vret>* jvrood? goinS i.y on CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. ESTABLISHED 1847. HEAD OFFICE:— HAMILTON, ONT. CAPITAL AND FUNDS NEARLY 6.000,000 DOLLARS. ANNUAL INCOME OVER $1,000,000. -♦♦♦- A. G. KAMSAY, Esq. F. W. GATES, Esq. JOHN STUART, Esq., Hamilton. DENNIS MOORE, Esq., Hamilton. WILLIAM HENDRIE, Esq., Hamilton. GEORGE A. KIRKPATKIUK, Esq., M.P., Kingston. A. G. RAMSAY, Esq., Hamilton. J. OSBOKNE, Esq., Hamilton. THE HON. SIR ALEX. CAMPBELL, K.C.M.G., Ottawa. A. ALLAN, Esq., (H. A A. Allan.) Montreal. THOS. SVVINYARD, Esq., Hamilton. F. W0LVER3TAN THOMAS, hsq., Montreal. Rev. canon INNES, London THE HON. D. McINNES, Hamilton. GEORE HAGUE, Esq., Montreal. F. W. GATES, Esq., Hamilton. THE HON. Mr. JUSTICE BURTON, Toronto. Col. C. S. r70WSKI, A.D.C. to the Queen, Toronto. N. MERU.Ti', Esq., Toronto. a uiLua. ALEX. RAMSAY. TABLES OF RATES for the various syatemn of Life Assurance, and every information may he obtained at the Head Office in Hamilton, Ont., w ai any of the Branches and Agencies which are established throughout Canada, V' * .'■■ ■ t ■.» •4 V. ■i? "■h ■^■WMiMMiM- -'# THE FERTILE BELT OF THE BRITISH t CmPWN NOBTH-Wisf} ) IS BEST REACHED BY THE ALBERT LEA ROUTE, C. R I. & P. R. R The selected Route by the Groverninent Ofiicials, the Marquia and Vice-Regal Party on their recent trip to the North- West Canadian Pacific. The great Press Excursion party selected this Route in preference to any other between Chicago and Manitoba. One and All should take special precaution to see that their Tickets read by the ALBERT LEA ROUTE. E. ST. JOO.^, G. T. & P. A., G. R. I. & P. R.j CHICAGO. J. FRiN€I8 LKE, Oeneral Agent C. R. I. -4 -\ ,•;; ■ t . • .v.'- ■.^^ ,)' ' * -• ' t; .■■ "'.■'■■* "till ■ . ■>:■,> m :3' t ■* IVIANtTOBA The Canadian North-West The Canada llotlli-West land (». lindtod, OFFER FOR SALE WITHOUT CULTIVATION OR SETTLEMENT RESTRICTIONS 5,000,000 ACRES OF CHOICE FARMING LANDS INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING FAVORITE FARMING DiSTRIGTS SOUTHERN MANITOBA BEGIN A DISTRICT QU'APPELL3 DISTRICT SOURI8 DISTRICT MOOSE MOUNTAIN Town Lots in the Rising Towns and Cities on the Main Line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. HEAD OFFICE - 75 Lombard Street, London, E. C, Enq. HEAD OFFICE FOR CANADA - 65 Kino St, E, Toronto. I 4> •►!• EST imitedt m f A' DS UN on the ay. 5., Enq. 5RONTO i