IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /> ^o 1.0 I.I i^|2j8 jns ■so ■^" IIMB ■ii liii 12.2 U lilK IM US lU IM 1.8 1 1.25 |||.4 1 = • 4 6" - ► m >. ^J^ ^4 .^' Yji"' Photographic Sdences Corporation ^ N^ \ «^ '^<\ V (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or th>» symbol y (meaning "END"), whichever applied. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim6e sont filmds en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derniC a page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporta une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols •>*> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". lire Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too lerge to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmis A des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reprodult en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. by errata led to ent jne pelure, fapon i 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 THE Students* History Note V" . BY. C\B5\:-^ REV. J. O: MILLER, M. A., "; PRINCIPAL or RioLcv CoLycoE, St. C«TH«RiNra PRICE, 25 CENTS. f / TORONTO: THE COPf», CLARK COMPANY, LiMlTBO. .•V. ;» ri A'-'-i.: ->!h'^ t^ - » ^lJ^" -« T^^ V' ■¥,-- ^.-^^ ^ V>^- ^1^;:^' M" ,♦• »/'»*- A* t _» THE STUDENTS' HISTORY NOTE BOOK ■ BY — REV. J. O. MILLER, M.A. Principal of Ridley College, St. Catharines. Entered acoortliii); to Act of the Farlianierit of Cunatla, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, hy Thk Coi'p, Clark Company, I.imitkd, Toronto, in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. /' TORONTO : THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED. |: PREF^ACE This is a combined Exercise and Note Book. The century-squares contain the dry bones of an elementary knowledge of English History. By thoroughly mastering them, it \a believed that pupils will lay the foundation of a more definite knowledge of the main periods of English History than can be got by relating facts to a line of kings, and also carry in their minds a more comprehensive view of our history as a whole. The pages for notes are intended to help the student to extend his knowledge of details in the most interesting '.ay possible, viz., by original work, chiefly on the lines of the study of the lives of eminent men, and of the great events in social progress. The plan of coloured squares is an attempt to unite in the teaching of history visual impressions with rigorous drill. Wherever this can be eflfected the path of the teacher is made easy. It is hoped that the attempt here made may prove not altogether unsuccessful. HOW TO USE THE BOOK. It should be used in connection with the Public and High School Histories. After teaching, or reading, the lesson from the history, drill on the period printed in the coloured squares. Teach the pupil to seize on the central facts or persons in a period, to summarize his knowledge upon these on the blank pages left for notes, and to associate all other details'about these pivots. Where memorizing is required, as must always be the case in learning history, the Law of Association is admittedly the most valuable of all aids to effective teaching, m ■rt- TABLE OF (CONTENTS. ■ l'A(»B Table of Englisli Kings '. . . '. 5 The Great Periods of Englisli History 6 The Century-Sqnarea, Dates and Ma|)8 8-61 Genealogical Tables '52 English and French Kings ♦JS English Wars . «8 English Writers ... 74 Great Englislnnen ; 77 Canadian History and Maps 78-103 Universal History 104-1 13 Discoveries and Inve?itions 114 ^- TABLE OF ENGLISH KINGS FROM THE .. NINTH CENTURY. r y f '% IT SAXON UN£. Egbert .80<),rK ...940 " ...946 " 9 966 " 4 , .959 " 16 Edwanl the Waiivr .976 " 3 KU.elredll 978 " 38 Edmund 1 Edjffti' OBNTURY XI. FMinuiid Ironside ..lOlB.rgd.— DANISH LINE. Cnut 1010,r(;d.l5 Harold Harefoot ...1035 " 6 Harthacnut 1040 " 2 SAXON LINE (Cont'd). Edward Confessor . . 1042, rgd. 24 Harold 1066 " — NORMAN LINE. William I l(m,rgendenoe. Napoleon, OBNTURY XIX. Power of the People Anally cstalilished Slavery almlished. The growth of Trade. A Century of Comparative Peace. PI 5 PI PI P] The Settlement of the Sazona. Struggle between the Danes and the English. Increase of the Power of Parliament. The Wars of the Roses. DlscoM'ry of Printing. Discovery of America. Tub CJrkat Pkriods ok Enoush Histoky. PERIOD I -Coloured Drab, Thi* |>erlo< U the period of Konian conc|\ifit and rule of RriUln. PERIOD II. Coloured Qieen. From the fifth to the tenth centnrlei Inoldtlve-the conquett and rule of the Island by the AnRlo-Saxon trlbei, with an Interval u( Danlah Invasion. PERIOD III. -Coloured Lierht Red. From the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries inclugive. The period of the rule of the nobles and the repreuion of the conuiion people. I^argely a period of devastatini; war. PERIOD IV. -Coloured Yellow. From the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries inclusivs. The period of the progfress of the people to wealth and influence, and gradually towards supreme politioal power. [NoTB.— The student should enter on this page the main subdivisions of each period, by the help of squares, or otherwise.] Century-Squares. H^ ;...'.•' .' rl. ■I .^ : -, .-.1 CBNTUEY I. [The Romans invaded Britain -,.c. 56.] The Britons conquered and the land settled by the Eomans under Claudius, a.d. 43. Caractacus defeated and taken prisoner ad. 51. Boadicea, a.u. 60. Julius Agricola, conqueror and governor of Britain, A.». 78. Student's Notes. Q STUDENT'S NOTES. 1. State the causes of the Invasion of Britain. 2. The condition of the island, 3. The value of the island to the Romans. 4. Particulars about persons of interest, , (See Public and High School, and Edith Thompson's Histories). 10 Century-Squares. CENTURY II. Visit of Eoman Emperor Hadrian, a.d. 120l -I ■ Hadriap's Wall. The Romans built several great roads which still remain, and some great walls. Student's Notes. 11 STUDENT'S NOTES. 1 . Give some account of Hadrian. 2. Sketch some of the Roman roads. 3. Particulars of Hadrian's Wall (Picts' Wall) and the Wall of Antoninus (Graham's Dyke). .t ■:. 12 Century-Squarks. CBNTUBT III. Visit of the Boman Emperor Severus, a.d. 208. Invasions of the Picts and Scots. Christianity first preached in Britain. Bavages of the Saxon Pirates. : ^ The Emperor Gonstantins defeated the Picts and the Saxon Pirates. Student's Notes. 18 J. STUDENT'S NOTES. 1. Give some account of the Picta and Scots. 2. The value of Britain to the Romans (manufactures of pottery, glass, etc., British wheat fields). 3. Roads built— called streets from strata. Towns built— called Chester, etc., from castra. 14 Century-Squabes. CENTURY IV. Emperor Constantiua in Britain; married Helena, a British lady. St. Alban, the first British martyr. Invasion of the Picts and Scots, who penetrated as far as London. Many Britons settled in a part of Gaul called Brittany. The end of Roman rule. «oaKftjK»',«!;raij u To fact CeiUvry 1 V. Stldent'h Notks. 17 i ■■f STUDENT'S NOTES. 1. State the general effeotB of the Roman rule. (o) Upon the country— division into aix provinces— the building of four great roads, towns, walls, etc. ' {(») Upon the British people, trade, religion, etc. 5 . - .'. 18 ,,NTirRY-HH8eHMii)iiH and ^'ood govern- ment. 'I'honiaa a Heuket. (."onHtitutions <>f (..'iarendon. Kxten«i(>n of Mnglinh power in Wales and Scotland. Ireland made subject to Knuland. ■Strongbow. Relwllion of fienry's sons. Capture of Jerusalom by .Sala«lin, 1187. KlCHARD I., 1189. Only twice in England. Longchanip rfeal ruler. Third (!ru8ade joined by Richanl. (J*, of Acre. Hichard a prisoner in Austria. War with France. Robin Hood. JouN, 5199. is: To /a Wk^ To Jan C'enturj/ Xll. STUl Student's !N"otes. M STUDENT'S NOTES. 1. Men of the century : Henry I., Henry II., Becket, Longehamp, Saladin, Richard I , hero of the Third Crusade, Strougbow, Philip of France. 2. Note the condition of tlie people in the reigns of Stephen and Henry IJ. (London's Hrst mayor, 1191). 3. For Henry II. as a great ruler, see his life in " Twelve English Statesmen " Series. 4. Make a Hat of great events of the century— in particular the Constitutions of Clarendon. ' **-! .v-^-. "^^a »m^ 38 Centuhy-Squaues. CENTURY XIII. Murder of Frinoo Arthur. War with France and loss of Normandy. Struggle with the Pope. Stephen Laugton. Mad Parliament. Provisions of Oxford, 1258. Baron's War. Battle of Lewes, 1264. Magna Charta, 121S. Hkhry III., 1216. Nine years old. Pembroke, Governor of the realm. j; Hubert de Burgh and Peter de Roches and Archbishop Langtou, governors, and "Privy Council." Magna Charta confirmed, The Friars come to England as teachers. Henry's extravagance Simon de Montfort. First real Parliament, 1265, with town and county members. Battle of Evesham, 1265. Edward i.. 1272. Improved the condition of the people. Conquest of Wtaes, 1277. Law reforms— Statute of Mortmain. Expulsion of the Jews. Roger Bacon, d. 1272. WAr yritb Scotland ; Bnuw wnd BaIIoI, Wallace. 4S .Student's Notes. 39 STUDENT'S NOTES. 1. The men of the century : Edward I., Archbishop Langton, Simon de Montfort, Sir W. Wallace, Roger Bacon. 2. Note : (a) the (Jreat Charter of Liberty ; (h) the Provisions of Oxford ; (c) Great Reforms in the Laws ; ( 1420. HB«»y n., 1422. 1 year old. Joan of Arc. Vreatv of BmM, 14S6. Biohard of York, B«geai of Franc. Loss of Nomuntdy. Jack Cade's Rebellion, 1450. End of the Hundred Years' War, 1453. Decline of Power of Parliament. Wars of the Roses, 1465-85. (See Table ot Wars.) Edward iv., 1461. Warwick the King-maker. '' iXton introdttoed Printing, 1474. J* BenevolGHcea. Toncage and Ponndaga. Edward T., 1483. 13 years old. Biohard lU., 1483. Laws firat dr»WD np in ISnglish. HeNEY VII, Court of Star Chamber, Warbeck and Siranel. End of Medieval History. Columbus — Cabot. Vasoo di Gtama. The New Learning, STUDENT'S NOTES. 1. Chief personages : Henry V., Joan of Arc, Richard III. of York, Sir John Oldcastle, Caxton, Warwick, Columbus, Cabot, Vasco ili Gama. 2. Make notes on : (a) the Condition of the People ; (6) the Discovery of Printing ; (c) the New Learning and its causes ; {d) the Discoveries of Columbus, Cabot and Vasco di Gama. 3. Note the great events which usher in the period of Modern History. ■fi u Ckntuhy-Squakks. CENTURY XVI. Hknry viii., 1o(>9. Mary i., 1553. The modern navy founded. Koman lleligion restored. Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer and Hooper burnei 5W'^S»;?M!)i» St,:.,'"' :■ .;• ^-i'ifjj,- ■:■.,;■ ■• ' • ; , ,a .■.Ki'" 'j^,,/;--' . ;■. Wm with Franco ; battle of Spnw, 1518. for heresy, J 555. , War with Scotland ; battle of Flodden, 1513. War with France : loss of Calais, 1558. Elizabeth, 1558. Cardinal Wolsey ; spread of Learning. A reign of immense progress. Protestant Religion re-established. Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1520. Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. Poverty of the people. Religious changes : "Protestant," 1529. War with Mary Queen of Scots. Poor-law established. Act of Supremacy, 1534. Great improvements in trade. Sir Thomas More. Francis Drake's voyage round the world, 1580. The English Reformation, 1534. Hij^h Commission Court established. Cranmer Archbishop. Wales incorporated with England, 1536. Thomas Cromwell. Suppression of Monasteries. Elizabeth helped the Netherl«»nd8 against Spain. Sir Philip Sidney, 1554-86. £x6outio» of Ha«y, 1587. Henry VIII. declared King of Ireland, 1541. The Spanish Amwlm !688. Edward VI., 1547. 10 years old. Protestant reforms. War in IreUmd. Sir Walter Raleigh, 1552-1618. King Edward's grammar schools. Edmund Spenser, 1552-1599. Lady Jane Grey. Growth of the power of Parliament. /■ To/itee t'enluf 1. Colour the first English colonies in America, with (laleg. •i. Mark the chief Iiidiuii tribes in and near Canaclii. To/act Centura XVI. STUDBl 1. (SetF AHion Serin Studknt's Notkh. STUDENT'S NOTES. 1. Great Persoiiageb : VVoUey, More, Cromwell, Oramner, Ridley, Hooker, Drake, Raleigh, tiisex, Sidney, HpeiiHer, Si.akeapeare, Hacoii, Elizabeth. 2. Make notes ou : (a) New DiscoveriuH ; (h) Knglaiul as a great P^iiropean jiower ; (r) Klizaheth an a great Huler ; ((/) the spread of Learning ; If) the Ortat Writers ; (/) the grunt Hocial stridts. (See Frouiiti " Engluh Seamtn of the IGth Century," and " The Story of the. Spanish Armaila." Almt the Emjluh Men »/ Artion Series). 4H Centuuy Squaiikh. CENTURY XVII. William Slmki'Hi.farc, l.')fi4-l()16. Koot India Co. establiBliod 1600. Jamks I., I(i03 (sou of Miiiy Queen of Scots). Reclainifil waste laiidH ; encouraged trade. Haini)ton Court Conference, lOO-t. Colony estaWisliud in Virginia, 1(507. Ulster colonized, Itill. Puritan Immigration. Kaleigli'H voyages ; his execution, 1618. Francis Bacon, 1501-1626. Troubles between King and Parliament. First Weekly Newspaper, 1622. " Divine Higlit" of Kings. W^^ CUARLEH I., 1625. His reign "one long (juarrel." Ship Money ; Forced LoaUH. Petition of Right, 1628. John Hampden, Archbishop Laud. Puritan Emigration to America. Long Parliament met, 1640. Star Chamber abolished. The Grand Remonstrance. Arrest of the Five Members. JSiril Wmv 1642. (I8«9 TiOrt* of Ward.) Pride's Purge ; the Bump P*rliament. ""^"BSwitioiToFCBirleBT Tbb Commonwealth, 1649. W with S«otlMid> I6fi0. War ill Irelaad Navigation Aot. Dutch War, 1652. Blake'a viotoriea over Van Tromp. 'I'ho Jews allowed to settle in Kngland. Kngland a great naval power. Richard Cromwell, .lolin Milton. Monk's army entered Kngland. Convention Parliament. ClIAllLRS u., 1660. Savoy Conference. Corporation Act, Act of Uniformity. War with the Dutch, 1665. (inat Plague and Fire of Loudon, 1665-6. Trijile Alliance, 1668. Urcatv of BtrslasCbappcllc, 1668. Cabal ministry. Titus Oate.s and Rye House Plots. Habeas < 'orpus Act, 1670. Insnrreeti<)n in Scotland, 1670. J AMI'S u.. 1685. Monmouth's Reb«!lli(m, 1()S5. The Bloody Assizes. .ludge .Jeffreys. Trial -of the Seven Bishops. ^^ BeyoltttKW, 1688. Wljiiftitt mjuid Mary II., 1688. Mutiny and Toleration Acts. War in Ireland, Itm. Bill of Rights, 1689. Foundation of the National Debt. Triennial Bill and first Cabinet Ministry, 1604. War with France. Vteatv or «v«wicii, 1697. ■■-'^^ TojMct CtnUiry XYll. Student's Notes. 61 STUDENT'S NOTES. 1. Men of the ceutury : (1) Shakespeare; (2) Milton; (3) Cromwell; (4) Monk; (o) Straflford ; (6) Blake ; (7) William III. ; (8) John Bunyan ; (9) John Dryden ; (10) John Locke. 2. Make notes on : (a) the first English colony in America ; (h) Cromwell as a Statesman ; (c) Ireland in this century; (d) the causes of the Revolution; (e) Social Progress; (/) Great Acts of Parliament. (■S«e H. S. HUtory, Maeaulatj, EnglUh Statesmen SerUi, and Men of Action SerUe, English Worthies.) 52 Century-Squakes. CENTURY XVIII. 4 A»9it, 1702. Murlborongh. Wiur of th« Spmiah Svccassion. (8c« Tkble o( Great Wan. ) Union of England and Scotland, 1707. Tridl of Sflcheverell, 1710. Cbdolphin, Harley. A great ago of Literature. «r(tb«peIU, 1748. Altet*ti 56 Ckntury-Squakes. CENTURY XIX. Uaion oi BagUnd md Ireland. 1801. ^^^^B PeMeof AmMiu, 1802. SBP War with Frattoe renewed, 180S. Ktt Premier ; Napoleon £mperor. The Berlin Decreet. 1806. Abolition of the Sl»ve Trade, 1807. Peninsular War, Wellington. 1808. Insanity of Geoi|{eIII.. ISiii. War with the United Stotes, 1812. Invasion of Canada ; Sir Isaac Brook. tSreaty «f pari* and of Obcnt, 1814. Battle of Waterloo, 1815. SccoR» ICtMtv of Paris, 1815. The Crimean War, 1854. Extension of the Indian Empi'"«, Indian Mutiny, 1857. Cawnpore and Lucknow. Abolition of the East India Co. War with China, 18(50. The Dominion of Canada, 1867. Abyssinian War, 1868. Suez Canal opened, 18(59. American Civil War, 1861. •Crea^, of TOlaBbington, 1871 ; Alabama Claims. Ashaitee War, 1873. J. S. Mill, Thackeray, Dickens, George Eliot. Disraeli, Glivdstoue. Manchester Riote, 1819. National Debt, £840,000,000. Georgk IV., 1820. Canning. War with Bunnah, 1823. • Australian Colonies. Battle of Navarino, 1827. Catholic Emancipation Acts, 1828. First Railway, 18.S0, W1LLIA.M IV., 1830. Urcat? of JBcrlin, 1878. Second Afghan War, 1878. War in Zululand, 1879. English Occupation of Egypt, 1882. War in the Soudan, 1883. t National Debt in 1882, £70r),()0(),(KK». Tennyson, Browning, Arnold, Carlyle. The Great Reform Bill of 1832. General Bill for Abolition of Slavery. Sir Robert Peel, Wilberforce, Poor Law.s ; Electric Telegraph. VICTORIA, 18.'17. The Chartist Movement, 1838. Penny Postage, 1840. P'irst Steamboats. War with (Jhina, 1840. Indian Wars, 1842-46. Napier, Gough. Trouble in Ireland ; O'Connell. Repeal of the C^orn Laws, 1847. Bright, Cobden. 4 s ^ I [57 J ~4_/'^ ir hi V, I I Sxirii ■ ^,':J: 1 I Kxini. [69] S' HrirpKVT'H NOTKS. 61 STUDENT'S NOTES. 1. Men of the century: (1) NajHileon ; (2) Wellington; (3) Canning; (4) Peel; (5) Wilberforce ; (6) Lincoln ; (7) I-onl Lnwrunce ; (8) Bright ; (9) Colxlen ; (10) Oreat Writen* (soo last). 2. Muke notes on : (a) the Abolition of Slnvory ; (/<) Nnpoleon ami England ; (c) Knglinh Colonies ; {d) Discoverien am' Inventions; («) the Progress of Trwle ; (/) Improvement of the Comlition of the People {f. / Our Own Tiiiiei " ; SteUy'i " Kxpantion of Kngland," and ik* Serin wwil m wcl onpagt 1,1.) i'i (;i:m:al()(;ical tables. •AXON LINK. KlIHKIIT, A.l>. DiM. KTIIKI.WI'II'. Ktiiki.ualu. Ktiiklbcrt. KTIIKI.HKI) I. Al.KRRD. Edward (hu KMcr. Atiikutan. KPMI'NP. Kdhip. Kdwki KiMUR. KnwARD the Martyr. Ktiirlrrd I;. I RPMI-MD IRU.XSIDK. I EbWAHP. EuwAHD the Confc»«or KMZ.KMKi. Miirk'arL't, mil. Mauxm.m, KiiiKof Scotlunil. Matilda, iikI. IlKxiiv 1.. Kiiiif of Kii(;l.in. nss, k. llM.il. lUu. KlUHARD I. I>. 1167, k. 1180, •!. IIUU. (Jeoffrey. I Arthur. (Munlur«. 1231), k. liTA'l. 1.W7. KnwAHii It. b. latw, k. laiiT, ft. l;iJ7. KnwAKi) III. b. 131'A k. l:iJ7, . IKI7, k. llWi, (!. 121(1. IlKNIIV III. II. 1'2U7, k. IJItl, it. 1272. K.iikf lit I,uii('iii4tur. 1 ttlaiii-lii', DiU'lu'KN of l,anca«ter. THE HOUSES OW YORK AND LANCASTER. KliWARD 111. Kit ward, lltauk Prince. I KlCtlAHl) II. li. IIKKI, k. I;t77, (lv|>oMu|iii, mil. IlKNHY IV. Kiliniiiiil .Miirtliiu'r, )i. IIUMI, k. i;:90, il. 1413. Karl of Munli. IIknrv V. II. i;i8«*, k. 1413, it. 1422. K, k. 1422, it. 1461. .lolin Ik-aiiforl. Karl of SiiuierHi'l. Jolin, Duke of Somenel. I MarKart'l lU-aufort, Molhrriif IIknkv Vtl. .\nne MortiiinT niarrit'd .' Kiehard, I Karl of Caiiibridsre. I I Tlioniax, Duke of Uloucester. Kichiint, Duke of York. >f itioi!). d. 1154. Kliralieth, md. IIknry VII. KnwARD IV. II. 14U1, k. 14(11, d. 1483. |-:ilWAUD V. b. 1470, k. 1483, d. 14t^3. Duke of Clarence. I Edward, Karl of Warwick. Kichard, Dnko of York. ItlCIIAHD III. li. U6U, k. 1483, d. 1485. >" I I i 64 Genbalouical Tahlks. TUDOR LINK. IlKNKV Vll. nM:-^"!^! I>v hiH iiiotlHT fniiii the lloiisi- of Laiii-anter, and iiiarrietl t<) Kli7.'il>i-tli i>( V(irk, iluiiKlitcr of Ki>waki> IV. b. 14M>, k. U8ii, (1. l&UU. Arlliiir, d. at(e. um, k. iivm, ( .St-oilaiid. Man, ljut-i'ii iif S<'otH. ,Iamk<< I., of Kti),'li>iid, and VI. lit .S<-1(!, <|. Ui'M, d. 1.'>HS. KI.IXAIIK1II. I<. U>\a, <|. 1S.V>, d. 1U(M. KnWAKli VI. 1037, k. 1547, d. 1563. •TUART LINE. .Iamkh I. Ii. lUSO, k. lliU3, d. in2f>. ClIARLM I. Ii. IIMHI, k. VSXSt. Itehcaited 1((4». ('oniinoiiwvallh. ULIVKR CkhMWRLU KHO DiOU. Ellni Ellnlieth. I'riace Kupert. {'IIAKI.KH If. h. ^6311, k. \M*\, il. lOS.'i. Miirv, nid. Williuiii of Oranffr. J^MIM II. li. ni;t;i, k. ItWS. DviumhI KiSU, d. 17UI. William III and Maiiy II. b. lU&U, k. lUSl), •!. 17»T AltllHTl'H, Kiiiv ul Ilanuvor. TABLE OF ENGLISH AND FRENCH KINGS SHOWING POINTS OF CONTACT IN HISTORY »r>. llraiiilntL I I'liif Orey. •AXON KINQS. KdllERT. I Ethei.wui.k. KniKLHAMt. Kthki.hkkt. Ktiiki.ukii I. Alfkku the (Jreat. I Ki>WAKi> the Elder. Athkujtan. Kdminii I. KUKED. Edwki. ' KuiiAK. I EdwakI) the Martyr. Ethklkek II. I I EUUUMU IlUtN.slliK. DANISH KINGS. Cnlt. , 1 Hakou) Hakkkoot. Haktuacnit. Edwaki) the ConfeHHor. HakoU) (mm of . Alfml tlu- (in-at, at tiiHt defeatiMl. at last nuittMl tin- Danes iukKt (Juthnini in H7H. Tit-aty i.f WtMlnudt'. H7!). 2. Inv!wi(in of tlio Danes iniiK-i Swoyn. WH anefore Ireland was really enni|ueri'd. V. THK ThIKK ('Kt'HAIlK AM) WaK IN KllANCK, ll'.Mt. Richard I. joineH. Kichard slain at the siege of Chaluz, 1 P.l*.). VI. Wak with Fkan«k, 121'-'. Philip of France called upon King •luliii to clear himself of the minder of .Arthur; •lohn refused, and Philiji declared all English posHessions in France forfeited, .lohn lost Nonnaiidy nnd Anjou. Itattle of HoiivineM, 1214. VII. Civil, Wah, 1215. ' •lohn refused to keep the terms of the (iieat Charter, and the Imrons made war upon him. John gained several victories, and devastatetl |Mirt of the north of England. Tlie haioiis then invited Prince Louis of France to help them. John died on hin way to inuut tliu fou, 121B. Louis held London ; hut Karl Pemluoke. Protector, defeate. Oitue. — Henry III. ntteinptud to recover French poHHesHioiiH from Loiuh. Ho fnilod in 12'M). Attempt renewml in 1242. Henry tlefeiited at liiittle of Tiiillel)i)urg anil Sivintouge, iiml gftve up Normandy, .Anjoii and Maine, receiving LimoUHin, l*erij{ord and <^iierci, 125'.>. IX. Thk IIakonh' Wak. 12(54. C>niM\ Tlu! p(ipi. ofleretl the crown of Sicily to Hoiny II I. 's hoii Kdmiind, and made war on Conrad, (jlermau Kinpcror, for ptyssession of it, at HeiuyH expense, i;{r»,(MM( marks. Tlie barons remonstrated, and drew up the "Provisions of Oxford." On Henry's failure to oliscrvc tluMu war ensued. Henry defeated l)y Simon de Montfort at battle of Lewes, 12r»4. I'riiHc ilifiiatcd the latter in 12»!r» at the battle of Kvesham. War dosed by tlie Peace of Keniiwoitli. I'.'iU). X. CoNyi KST OK \\ AI.KS, 12H2. Llewellyn refuMed liomage to Ktlward I., wlio invaded Wales. Llewellyn slain at the pass- age of the Wye. Kdward's Hon the first Prince of Wales. Xi. Wak wrrii Scotlank, 12SMJ-13I4. VuHsf. Scottish throne vauiiit. Edward 1. ajipealed to; chose nali(d, 12!>2. Haliol, affrt>nted at Iviward's overlordship, rebidli'd. Kd ward seized Kdinl)uri,'ii, Stirling; and Perth, and cap- tured IJaliol. Kebi'llinn of W .illacc, who captiucd Fianark and ilefc.iled tli<- Kni,'lish at Stir- ling,' and then invaded Kn>,'iaMd. Kdward won battle of Falkirk. 12'.tiS. Wallace han;.,'ed, l'M)h. Robert llruce attempted to free Scotland. l.'W>7. Kdwanl I. died <>n the way to Scotland. Edward II. iiejileited to |)rosecute the war and Hrui]. Treaty of Hretifpiy, l(>. Edward gave up his claim to the French crown, but ruled .\(piitaine, Poi- tou, (Sascony, and Calais. War reiu'Wed, I;{(i5(. The lUaek Prince returned to England ill, and by 1374 the Fi'i-neli had reeouipu'red everything liut Caliis, Hordeaiiv anil llayonne. XIII. UkVOI.T OK OlKMioWKK .VNU TIIK PKItClKS. 14i|)ted Ut ride NN'ales. The Percies of N'orthuuilu'rland hid been detending Eie^laiid ag/iitist tlu- Scots, and len- dower. Heiny defeated them at the battle of Shrewsbury, 1403. XIV. Fhk.mh WAli(Uenewed). l41o. (Jkiiiu-. Hein\v ^'• made a formal el.iim to the thront; of France, and captured Hartleur, 1410. He wort the great battle of .\gincourl, 1 4 lo, and captured Houen, 141H. sidiiluing all France north of the Loire. Treaty of Troyes, 1420. lleiu'y made Regent of France, and named succesHor to the throne. Henry V. died 1422, and Henry VI. being an infant, the Duke of Redford continued the war in Franct\ and beMieg«;il Orleans, 1428. .loan of .\rc raised the Hiygo, l)Ut tthe was taken prJHouur at tho siogu of (jouipiegne, 1430, and burnt at lloiien. The ' i' 4 ■■t ! 70 E.V'iJLiiiH \y \HH.—CiintiHiml, vrnv lingere«l for thirteen yoiu-s, hut the KnjjliHh were j,'""l»»lly ntos ii« to riglitful heirn to the crown, hetweon the deHcunchmts of tw(» houn of Kdward III., .lolin of (itiunt, Duke of Limciister, and Kdnuuul, Duke of York. HiittluH : — Henry VI., St. Albans (1), U'ht, Vork. Hloreheath, 14.')!), Vork. Nnrtlmniptoii, I4(»0, York. I Wakctielil, 14(>(), LancaHter. tMortimer'M (.'ross, I4()l, Vork. St. AlhauH (2), I4(>l, liaiiciMtur. I'Mward IV., Towton, 1401, York. 'Ht'ilj;i!ify Moor, 14(54, York. I4(i4, York. 1471, York. 1471. York. I4S.'), I^ncHMter. Ilt'xliain, Harnet, ' Ti'W ki!»l>iiry, itioliard 111., Bo.s worth, XVI. -Fkk.niII Wak, 1513. GiuHp. — Henry VIII. joined the ** Holy League " fonnoy Cardinal Kiclielieu, H527 .A.D. Tlie expedition failed. Buckingham asHiiHsinateil A.D. Ui'2H. when about to start on a second expetlition. XXL- Civil, Wak, 1(142. C<(i(.ic.- Charles I. alienated Iiis subjects by his in.siiiccrity and determination to ride absolutely. He levied taxes without tlm consent of Parliament and committed to juison without trial those who displeased him. The King's luirtiwiiiH were called Cavaliers, those of the Parliament, l{oundhead». Charles I, executed, l(}4S>. Battkx. Dale. Ilexull. K:J. Onwc. — Br<)iij{lit ivhiMit \)y Dutch 8yiii|mthy with ('hiirli'H lunl ))y ii tlesiro of Wotli imtionH for comiiutrcial Hiiprt'iuiicy. Atliniriil Hhiko duftMiiod l)y Viiii Tromp, U)'}'2. Vim Troiup (tofuati'd itiiil killcil hy IMiiku, H>i>'.\. XXIV.— Si'AXisH Wak, UiC^. I'liitcMl Kii^'lish iiiul French forces gniiieU the Iwttle of the DtiiieH, ly A.D., niu\ took Dunkirk from Spiiin. XXV. ^ DiTi II SVau, KiGo. Ciiii.se. -The coutiuuod oommorciiil rivalry between England imtl Hoiliiud. .Timjes, Duke <»f York, ilefeiiteil Dutcli .Vdniiral, Opditni, ofT the Suffolk coast, A.D. ItWi,"). France and Denmark, alarmed leHt the English should eHtabliHh an unuontrollahle .supremacy over the sea, and over commerce, declared war. A foiu" ilays' .sea tigiit in tlie Downs, between tlio allied forces under De Ruyter, and tlie English under the Duke of All)emarle, resulted in an English victory, A.D. U'AW. A naval disu-ster at Chatham, A.D. ' ' >7) was followed by th< Peace of Breda, l«t»7, A.D. XXVI. Dutch Wak Rk-opknku. A.D. U\T2. Ca»i.tt!. —England and France united against Holland. Duke of York defeated De lluytor off Suffolk. William, Prince of Orange (afterwards William III.) thwarted the attack on Holland of King Louis of France by opening the sluices and flooding the country. XXVII. War with Franck, 1(J90. CJ((i(.t''.— William III. wished to curb the power of the French King who had given refuge to King dames II. Admiral Tourville gained a victory off Heachy Head, KilK) A.D. Louis defeated William at Mons (Flanders). Atlminil Lord Russell defeated .\dmiral Tour- ville at La Hague, Hi<>2 A.D. William defejited at Steinkirk, H»U2 A.D., by Louis. William defeated Marshal Villeroi at Namur. Treaty of Ryawick, 1(51)7 A.D. XXVITT. War ok thb Spanish Suct?K>wioN, 1704. Cai*w. — William III. joined the Gnuid .\lliance. .\nne continued the war. France and Spain were attacked. Marlborough led the allies against French and Bavarians. Peace of Utrecht, 17111. Battle. Date. Klenhuiin. 1704. ('a)>ture ef (Jibraltar. 1704. 8ea tight off 'I'oulouse. 1704. Itnmillies. 1706. Oudonardo and Lille. 1708. Malplaquet. 1709. General. MarllM>rough v. Elector of Bavaria. Sir (>. Roflke (Admiral). Sir f>. Kooke v. Count of Toulouse. Marlborough v. .Marshal Villoroi. Marllwrough v. " " Marlborough v. Marshal Viliars. Jieaull. British victory. Drawn battle. British victory. Britisii victory, British victory. 72 K.Nui.iHH Wakm. -Continiml. -•.i: XXIX. WaK ok IHK AtlHTKIAN SlfCKSHION. Oivk* - Maria Tluieaa «if AuHtiiii. ami tlic FIK'ctor nf Havariti, who was Hiiiiportod hy : ■ it)*', lM>tli daiiiioil tliu Austrian iloniiriioiiM <>ii tlii> (luath of tin- KiiijuToi-. ("liaiU's VI., .' v' 1< {• Enjjlaiiil i'H|t7. and liie .\uslrians at lieuthen. I7r»7. In Canada tlio Engli.'^h captured Louisliurv;, l7i">H, and the wiiole of (Japo Breton Fort DuijueHne waH re- captured 175H, and Ticiuiderofja, Crown t'ointand Niaj^ara in I7r»".>. In this year also, the niost- |{lorious in our history. Wolfe e;ipturel. Kn),dish po«ver tinally estaliliHhcd in India hy Clive's victory over the French at Plassy, 1707 A.D. The Treaty of Paris ended the St-ren Yearn' Fruc. and left Kngland in undisputeil posseHsicin of North .America, 17<>3. XXXI. Wak or Amkkk'an lNi>Ki'ENnEN<;K, 1774. Caused by an attempt on the part of Kn|{land to impime taxes on the American coloiuHtH without their being represented in the British Parliamonl. Stamp Act passed but afterwards repealed. Duty imposed on tea — cargo seized at Boston by .Americans the immediate aiUHe of hostilities. X Ornrralit. llatllf. Date. IIvhhU. Bntiah vict<»ry. Hritish victory. r.rit'.ili victory. HritiMh victory. ( I'hiladelphia KritiBh victory. tAken.) Burgoyne captured. Uucoln's army captured. British victory. Cornwallin Hurrendered. American Independence acknowledged by Treaty of Versailles, A.D. 1783, which also terminated a war with France and Spain that had been going on concurrently with the Ameriuiu War. Ilritith. A infriean. Banker Hill. 1775. Howe. \ pescott. Attack on Quebec. 1775-6. Montgomery \ * Schuyler. / Brooklyn. 177«5. Howe. ^VftHllillgt.iiHieH tlu- iliii'f ciiumvh, A.l>. 17'>l-i. Lator on, ji gruw- iiilj (Iruail of tliu powt r ot Nh|i(iIcou. Com Jialtlf. Jhii.. Ilritith. ScH linlit. I7!»4. I^iil MdWf. St, Viiicfiit (imv.: >. "07. .ItTviH, ( 'nmpenlown (i"'vi»l). .'117. l>iiiioaii. Nile (naval). IVi»«. N.Ihoh. Trafalgar. I.'S0,'>, .Ni'lxiin. Ciirii.inH. IHO'.I. Mooru. Talaviia. IWI'.I. \Vfllinj \o. INI-J. \Vi'lliii((t .MotiK •>' Itotmiilf. Relitrimw Poanw. Ml VIII. The Vtnrrnl.lr Umlr, fl7i-7:«.V l.\. I .Mfriil the Orcnt, 8401)01 . XII. I^anion. 1150-1210. XIII. (trm. 1187-H87 Itobert of Oloiirpiiter, I26R l.WT Itnlicrt ol Dninne, 1372t.H40. ('hiircli l!l«lory. Tmim. St. John into KiikU«Ii. Tnui«. Il4il<'"» Wiirkt inln Kiiutlsh. Ilvifiiri till- SuMiii Cliniriirlr. The Hnit. A I>t Kii|{lAnir Williani UuivUuiHc, ls:i*JI4(l>l. . OeotrreyChnncMT, 1:HO.UOO.. . " Viiion «»l l*ier» the I'townmn. ' " The Canterburj Talen." T)iu (lr»t Krt>«t Eii)(li»h |hm!I. XV. Wllllftm Caxlon. U2S-W02 lliilrcxIiK'f)! I'rIntliiK, M74.| "Tl>e Oauie ami Plav of the rhe**-. ' .tml other »orl(«. The ant Uu<>k pnnud in KnirLuul. [74] KnOLIHII LiTKKATUnK. 76 PERIOD III. .IJh 1474 TO THE PRESENT TIME From the 5ettlenient of the English LanguaKe hy the introduction of Printing. MODERN ENQUSH L'MTimim, WRITKKH. WOKKH. X\ I Williiiiii T> IK lull-, U77 IWm Sir Tliiw, Mori-. I »h(|.15;«6 Idvir AM'hniii, l.''IMW ('hriiilo|>ht'r Miirlnwe, i:i(l4 IMKi .IdIiii I..\I>. \:M\t»*) K Siilncy. KiMir>80 . Kraix lit Ihyoii, IMIIDiat Wllliain 8liakc«|H-arc', l.'itM lUlil. XVII. .will. TniiiH. Ill)- llllili' itii.. KniflMi. Tliio Imm.I, fiiniiwl till- IuwIn 111 imr iiniuiit liililv. " lllit ol KiiKlaiiil," " I'topiu," v\A-. "Tlie H<'hliniii." I'liel. "Till' Kuerif t^uc-fiii-," et<;. " lliiilor.\ ol the Worbl." " l.awi of Kcc-lvniutliMil I'olity." WritiT 111 Uoiiiiiiii-*' iiiiii I'lu'iry. " Ari'iuliii," " iN'IfiH'f 111 I'cM'nir," otc. " Noviiiii Orvaiiiiiii," " Ailvniiceiiivnl of l,«ariiiiiK," " FimMiMi," i-ii-. Thf ilrvatoHt i>f Kii|{lii>h I'nvU. Wrutv Ihirty-Mven I'laji, uimI other Poem*. Ik-ii .liiiiiiiii, IA74-1(KI7 Jiihii Milloii, llMwltlTl Kolii-rl Ilirrii'k, I(MM1UT4. John iliiii.\iui, t<('Zs.|tW8. . .lohii l.ntt-I784. JiiliifH TtirtliiMiii, 1T(III174H. Ilfiirj Meliliif.', I7(I717M... lUviil lliiiiif, I7U-177U oliM I (Jolilwiiith, 172S-1774. . .Novelist. " IloliiiiMiii I'niauv." Satirim. 'Miiillivir'iTmvcU." I'jniayiai. "Sir Koucrile Coverley," etc. I'lH'l " hliuuiy nil .Man." I'ot'l. "Tlif Kliuy, ' "Till? Iliinl.' l-j(iia\ l«l iiiiil lA*\iiiiuru|ih«r. "Livraolthp l'lM-l«. " I'lH'l. " Tlif Sciuioiik." I'roM Writur. " Iliatnry of KncUmi." I'iM'l. " Tmveller," " }>e«frlcl7mi. . . WuHKM. .XIX. Wllliiiiii WoriUwnrlh, t77(>-lNM Walur HiKiH, l77l-l(i:J!8. MaiiiiifI Tnvlor ('ol(>r<licrl Hniilhuy, t7741»t:i ThoN. ('aiiitilMr thi' Uonmii Kniplrv." fott, " Thf Tiuk," etc. TheifrmiMt Hi'oiUiili I*im*i. "Hnnir*." ■iiihii Niiiurt .Mill, i-tdt; :ti7a Will M. Tliiuktnty, IslllWUI. . ClmrlcH lij.ktiis, IHl.il870 Joliii Ituikiii, IKIU- I (ifflivo Eliot [Mjtrinii Kv«nii| im»18H0 ' l>n«t-l.»urt'al<-. " l.,vri<'it," " Hoiinctii," I'ti'. I'iK-l itiiil NoM'llat. "TIh' \mi\\ of L|i<- Lttki-." «'li- "Thi' Wmcrlf) .Nii\t'l». I'iM'l iiiHJ I'row wrlUT. "Till' Aiicli'iil .Mariiirr," " AUU li> Itfttrrli'iii ' |'(H-I Utiiri'nti' iiihI lliilnrinii. ".liHiiinf An-," tl«'. "Tlif l.lfu «.f Ni'Imoii." I'ot'l, " Holi.iillnil.ii," •' \>- MariiK'W of Kiiidaiiil. " i'lH-l. " lAlla IliNikh." I'iK-t. "('Iiil|iHuii-Kuli'r." IIJHlormii. "Tlif Kn-iirli Ufvuliilloii," i-lr. Ilinloriuii. "lliKtur.N of Kiiv(Uiiiylli u( lilt) KIllK." I'lM'hHs, •' Aiirom Loiu'ti ' I'iM-l. 'The ItlliKaliil the llook. " I'iK'l h'hJ rrilliv " Kttltrah uikI ItiMttini," •' fjomyii III Crllirlimi." l'liiloNii|ilivr. " l^m^r." Novelbl, "Henry KmiixiikI," "Tlio Ni'Wi!<>iiit"»." NovilW. " Dttvlil CopiHrnolil,' 'ojlvir Tvvinl." VtiHH' wriliT ami Art pritlc. •' .Miitk'rii IWntiirH." NovotlHt. " Adftiii He'll'," " .MiililU'iiiaroh.' GRI'AT RNGLISIIMI'N. The Stiulimt will find it *.). IhiiiilonaUI. 30. Blake. 31. Sir .lolin .Moore. ;{•_'. Wellington. 33. llobert Feel. 34 Wilberforce, Sr). .Napier. 3(3. llavulock. 37. Colin Campbell. 38. Lord Lawrence. 39. (iordou. 40. Livingstone. [77] CANADIAN HISTORY. I. Stste the area of Canaiia. •2. PopiiUtioii ill ITti-'i: X PopuUtiou ill IMUI ? 4. Who lirat iliscovured CaiimU, ami when? i 3 a. Who are iNilievetl to have viititc'tl (itir Mhoruv liefnre the eml <>f the Fifteenth Peiitiiry ? 0. 'lit Hhat country iliil Cniiuila lirHt Ixloiig? 7. How loiiL' iliil Flinch lulu hist? &. Whfii una tlic nuiiiu " ( 'aninlii " given to our conntry ? What iH itn origin? 9. How (lid it come to be called thu " Dominion " ? 10. What i« our iwaition ainong the colonieii of Knglaml? [78] 81 Canadian Hihtoky. 81 STUDENT'S NOTES. Put (luwn the priiiuipal facts iilatiiig to .1 AcgtiKM ( autikk. .1, HiooKAt'nv. li. ExPI.ORATIO!f!l. B(; 82 Canadian Hihtory. STUDENTS NOTES. I'ut Uowii tho principal f«cU ralatmy Ui (Juampi.un. A. liUHtKAI'IIV. B. RXfLOIUKONR. \ .1 f ^'^ . > •%: zor ^l' ,.*Sr> ft^^ B'. Canadian History. STUDENT'S NOTES. A. Bute the wain facts relating to Uie ConPAinr of Out H'tfiiHtn Amdciateh. tf. Wlio wore the French and EnglUh Kings during the perioil of French rule in Cianada? 86 Oanahi.vn Histoiiy. STUDENT'S NOTES. A, N«ui« tliD vbief Jmiian trib«i in Caimda uiuler Fruiiuh iuId. SI B. Whiit efforU were miulc to Chrigtianizc them? (Jive the nainii of some tif the jjreat Freni;li Miiuiionaries. Casadias Hihtokv. «r STUDENTS NOTES. A. Uivu Rouiu acouuul of tiiu (iuvurutuuut ui t'au«U» lu tlia luiddlo uf ttio 17tlt (Jwutury. B. 0{ve partlfmlam ahont TaTX)1» tho Tnt«n«1«nt, ^Rff t'f. .9. ffiitfory.] 88 Canadian TTihtort. STUDENTS NOTES. Cut ilo« u thv nuun facta about La MiUXl. s*: A. UltMiHAI'liV. h R Rxri^NATToirt. CANAniAM TflHToKY. STUDENT'S NOTES. I'ut (Uiwii thu iimtn UcU atMiut KKONTiliAa A. HiiKiHAniv. B. Govern MR VT nr thf CntAtv, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. {./ ^ ,% *^ '^ 1.0 I.I Li^lM iij> 11.25 i 1.4 Ki G2 |2.2 1^ lU I lU I its la ^ ■luu V ^ Photographic Sciences Corporailion ^•V V" L1>^ \ 23 WeST MAIN STMET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716)S72-4S03 ^%^^^ > ^ .«^% i/j >^ \\ ■«v '<^ w 90 Canadian History. STUDENT'S NOTES. A. State the effect of the " War of tlie Spanish Simcessiou" (170'J) uiK)n Canada. SI B. Give an account of the Governor VAtrnRErrTTj. Canadian History. II STUDENT'S NOTES. A- Put down in numbered aenteuces the eventa which led to the capture of Louisburg. B. Give particulars of Rraddook's expedition. 92 Canadian History. STUDENT'S NOTES. A. Mention a few facts about the Seven Years' War. i Ji, (live a short account of Montcalm. la) BlOOKAPHV. (h) Early successes in Canada. kA-^ Canadian History. STUDENT'S NOTES. A. What was the English plan for conquering Canada? B. Put down the main facts about Wolfb. (a)' Biography, d5 (6) The Capture of Quebec. 96 Canadian Histouy. STUDENT'S NOTES. A, By wluvt treaty did England obtain Canada? Mention particulars. SI B. Put down a few facts about the conspiracy of Ponti^io. Canadian History. STUDENT'S NOTES. A. <{ivo the i)riiicii)!il provirtious of the Quebec. Act. 9t .».v '. '•• >•• ' "." ■. • B. How did the Ainericaus try to conquer Canada in 1775? C. Who Avere the United Empire Loyalists 1 98 Canadian History. STUDENT'S NOTES. A, Give the main provisions of tlie Constitutional Act of 1791. ST B. Give a short account of the War of 1812. (o) Causk of tuk War. {6) Battles, Commajidkrs ahd Results. Canadian Hihtory. V9 STUDENT'S NOTES. A. (five the main facts of the Rebellion in Lower Canada in 1837. £. Also in Upper Canada, C. Give the provisions of the Act of Union, 1840. 100 Canadian Hihtoky. STUDENT'S NOTES. A. State how Confederation camu about, uiid iiuiiie thu fatliern of Confederation. B. Name the Provinces that first entered the Dominion. SI Canadian History. 103 .l«in.>.U»;t; A'[','_ 'm. STUDENT'S NOTES. A. State the main facts in the Life of Sir John Macdonald. £. Also of Alexander Mackenzie. UNIVERSAL HISTORY. THE RACES OF MANKIND. THE BLACK RACE (Ethiopian). 1. Tribes of Central or Southern Africa. 2. The Papuans. 3. The Australians. THE YELLOW RACE ( ruranian or IVIongolian). 1. The Chinese, Japanese, Burmese. 2. The Malays and Pacific Islanders. 3. The Tartars, Mongols, etc. 4. The Turks, Magyars or Hungarians, Finns, Lapps and Basques. 5. The Esquimaux and American Indians. THE WHITE RACE (Caucasian). 1. The Hamitic Groip : Egyptians, Libyans, Cushites. 2. The Semitic Group : Chaldeans, Assyrians, Babylonians, Canaanites, Phoenicians, Hebrews, Arabs. 3. The Aryan, or Indo-European Group : Hindu. Medo- Persian, Greek. Romanic. I Latin. Italian. French. Spanish. PortuguRse. Celtic. Armorican. Welsh. Irish. Gaelic. Manx. Teutonic. Lettic. Sclavonian. I Russian. Polish. Bohemian. High German. Low German. Scandinavian. Moeso-Gothic. Old 8axon. English. Dutch. Flemish. Frisian. PERIODS OF HISTORY. I. ANCIENT HISTORY: From the earliest times to the fall of Rome. B.C. 3000 (?) to A.D. 475. II. MEDIEVAL HISTORY: From the fall of Rome to the discovery of America. A.D. 476 to A.D. 1492. III. MODERN HISTORY: From the discovery of America to the present time. A.D. 1492 to . Universal History — Continued. 105 I. ANCIENT NATIONS. i. EGYPT : B.C. 3000 or 2500 to B.C. 525. 1. The Old Empire. B.C. 3000 or 2500 to B.C. 1G70. Founded according to tradition by Menu. CapitJil, Memphis. The largest pyramids built. Egypt conquered by the Hyksos, or Shepherd Kings, about B.C. 2100. ^ 2. The New Empire. B.C. 1670 to B.C. 575. Founded by Thutmes III. Capital, Thebes. Rameses II., the Great, B.C. 1388, probably the oppressor of the Hebrews. Shashang (Shisak), B.C. 949, captured Jerusalem. Psamethick III. defeated by Cambyses in the battle of Pelusium, B.C. 525. Egypt became a Persian province. ii. THE JEWS OR HEBREWS : B.C. 2000 (?) to A.D. 70. ♦Abraham, B.C. 2000. Joseph, B.C. 1550. Mose.. B.C. 1491. Saul, B.C. 1055. David, B.C. 1025. Solomon, B.C. 993. Under Solomon the kingdom reached its highest point of greatness. Division of the Kingdom, B.C. 953 (?). Kingdom of Israel, B.C. 953 to B.C. 722. Samaria captured by Sargon, King of Assyria, B.C. 722. Kingdom of Judah, B.C. 953 to B.C. 586. Jerusalem captured by Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, B.C. 586. The Jews sent back to Palestine by Cyrus, B.C. 537. Emancipation of the Jews by the Maccabees, B.C. 167-130. The Jews made tributary to the Romans, B.C. 63. Herod the Great, B.C. 40. Birth of Christ, B.C 4. Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus, A.D. 70. Arabs. *Thc8e dates are only approximately correct. Oman. si an. ish. mian. [in. 1492. iU. BABYLONIANS AND ASSYRIANS. Civilization : an exact system of weights and measures, cuneiform writing, magnificent brick buildings, canals for the irrigation of the country, important manufactures and extensive commerce, an astronomical system, and a mythical history. 1. Old Babylonian Empire. B.C. about 4000 to 731. Sarjon, B.C. 3800. Supremacy of Elam, B.C. 2300-2076. Chedorlaomer, about B.C. 2100. Assyria settled by emigrants from Babylon about B.C. 1900. Conquered by Assyria about B.C. 710. 2. A8.SYRIAN Empire. B.C. 1900-608. Capital, Nineveh. Principal kings : Tiglath-Pileser I., B.C. 1100; Shalmaneser, B.C. 858-823; Tiglath-Pileser II. (Pul), B.C. 745-727; Sargon, B.C. 727-705 ; Sennacherib, B.C. 705-681 ; Esarhaddon, B.C. 681-668. Nineveh destroyed, B.C. 608. 3. New Empire of Babylon. B.C. 608-538. Nebuchadnezzar, B.C. 604-561, conquered Syria, destroyed Jerusalem (586). Constructed a bridge over the Euphrates. Built the "hanging gardens." Erected the Median Wall from Tigris to Euphrates, and great water works. Babylon a Persian province, B.C. 538. Iv. PHOENICIANS AND CARTHAGINIANS. The Phoenicians inhabited a strip of land along the coast in the northern part of Palestine. SiDON attained its power about B.C. 1300. Noted for arts and manufactures, purple dye, weaving, glass-making, mining, metal- working, architecture. Developed a great carrying ^ trade by sea and land. Founded numerous colonies in the Mediterranean. Tyre attained the first rank, B.C. 1100. Hiram, B.C. 1001, the friend of David and Solomon. 106 Universal History — Continued. Carthaoe fdunded by the Phoenicians, B.C. 850. Decline of the power of Tyre and Sidon, B.C. 850. Carthage gathered the Phoenician cities under its control, B.C. 600. Tyre besieged by Nebucliadnezzar, B.C. 586. Phoenicia subject to Persia, B.C. 538. Wars between the Greeks and Carthaginians in Sicily, B.C. 480 and 409-339. Capture of New Tyre by Alexander the Great, B.C. 332. Phoenicia i)art of the Macedonian Empire. V. INDIA. Tlie Indians came originally from the north-west to the valley of the Indus and the Punjab, and thence to the valley of the Ganges. Probably established there B.C. 1500. There was an early development of priestly influence. Four chief castes : Brahmans, priests ; Kslntttriiius, warriors ; Vaisyas, agriculturists ; Sndras, or Dasas, slaves. The Vedas were services for the various religious cei'emonials. The laws of Manu, about B.C. 600. Buddha {i. e. the Enlightenef'), B.C. 623 to 543. Alexander the Great invaded the Punjab, B.C. 327. B.C. 263-226, Acoka. After his rei i the Punjab fell under the Graeco-Bactrian rule in central Asia. Later, the Scythian invaders conquered northern India. Foreign invaders, probably Tartars, again conquered the land about A.D. 450. vi. MBDBS AND PERSIANS. Inhabited the plateau of Iran, east of the Tigris and Euphrates. Zoroaster, about 1000 B.C. His doctrines contained in the books of the Avesta. In the 9th century the Assyriane invaded the plateau of Iran and conquered the western portion of it. Revolt of the Medes from Assyria, B.C. ()40. Median Empire. B.C. 640 to 558. Dejores founded Ecbatana about 700 B.C. Phraortess B.C. 655-633, conquered the Persians. Cyaxares, B.C. 633-593, drove out the Scythians and conquered Armenia. He captured Nineveh and destroyed the Empire of Assyria. Media, the most powerful monarchy of Asia, B.C. 600. Astyages, B.C. 593-558, last king of the Medes. Deposed by Cyrus. Persian Empire. B.C. 558 to 330. Founded by Cyrus, B.C. 568 to 529. Cyrus defeated Croesus, king of Lydia, and captured Sardes. Cyrus captured Babylon and destroyed that empire, B.C. 538. He sent the Jews back to Palestine. Cambyses, B.C. 529-622, conquered Egypt (battle of Pelusiuui). He captured Memphis, B.C. 625. Darius, B.C. 521-486. Recaptured Babylon after a siege of 20 months, B.C 618. He divided the emi)ire into 20 satrapies. Revolt of the Ionian Greeks, B.C. 600-494. Xerxes I., B.C. 485-465. War against Greece, 480 B.C. Battles of Thermopylae, Artemesium, and Salainis. Darius II., B.C. 424-406. Independence of Egypt. Retreat of the 10,000 Greeks. Xenophon, B.C. 400. Darius III., B.C. 336-330. Persian Empire destroyed by Alexander the Great, B.C. 330. vii. CHINA. The Chinese regard themselves as aborigines. Their historians place the creation about two millions of years before Confucius, and divide that period into ten epochs, but their history is largely mythical. Chow Dvnasty. B.C. 1123-255. During this period we reach historic ground. Development of a feudal system. Confucius born B.C. 551, in the reign of Sing-wang. • Dynasty of Tsin. B.C. 255-206. Che-wang-te, B.C. 246-210, extended the empire to the sea, defeated the Mongols, built the Chinese wall (1400 miles long, 15-30 feet high, 16-26 feet broad). vili- Ix. X. Universal History — Continued. 107 Dynasties of East and West Han. B.C. 206 to A.D. 221. The brilliant period of Chinese history. The enipire consolidated and extended westward to Russian Turkestan. Con- quest of Corea, A.D. 109, and of Hainan. Epoch of thk Thkee Kingdoms. A.D. 221-266. Wei, in the north ; Uri, in the east ; and Shall, in the west. Yang-Kian, A.D. 590, of the kingdom of Wei, conquered the whole enii)ire and founded tlie dynasty of Sing. Yung-lo, A.D. 1403, invaded Tartary, and annexed Cochin-China and Tonquin. Ching-tung, 1436-1465, captured by the Tartars 1450. Tartar invasion, 1542. Invasion of Corea by Japan in 1692 and 1597. Christi- anity preached in China, 1603. The Tartars conquered China, 1627. French and Englisli settled at Canton, 1685. Opium war with England, 1840-42. Capture of Amoy, Shaug-hai, etc. Treaty of Nanking. Hong-Kong ceded to England. Second war with England, 1857-60. Capture of Canton. Treaty of Tientsin. Treaty of Peking, 1860. Christianity tolerated. First railroad in China, 1876. vlii. JAPAN. The origin of the Japanese is uncertain. They came from Asia and drove out the savage Ainos found in tlie islands. Their history begins about 600 B.C. The original religion was called Shinto. Buddhism introduced A.D. 552, and spread rapidly. But the Shinto religion has now been reinstated. The earliest authentic date of history is about B.C. 660. Jimrun Tenno, B.C. 660-585, conquered pari of the main island. He was the founder of an unbroken dynasty, of which the reigning Mikado is the 122nd sovereign. Sujin, B.C. 97-30, the 10th Mikado, reorganized the administration of the empire, advanced civilization, and o|)ened intercourse with Corea. Keiko, A.D. 71-130, the 12th Mikado, extended the dominions of Japan. Jingu-Kogo, A.D. 201-269, widow of Chinai, and 15th Mikado. She led an army into Corea, which she conquered. Ojin, A.D. 270-310, her son, and a great warrior, still worshipped in Japan as the god of war. Chinese literature and its superior civilization introduced. ix. CELTS. At the dawn of real history the Celts were found inhabiting the western portion of Europe. They were composed of the Continental Celts, or Gauls, and the British Celts. They are supposed to liave reached the western shores of Europe about B.C. 2000. Tliey matle four principal emigrations : (1) To the British Isles, (2) to Spain, where they were known as the Celtiberians, (3) to noi-thern Italy, where they occupied Gallia Cisalpina, (4) to Greece and Asia Minor, where they gave their name to Galatia. X. GPEEKS. Grecian hi.story may be divided into four periods : 1. From prehistoric times to about B.C. 1100. Mythical period down to the Thessalian and Dorian migration. 2. B.C. 1^00 to 500. Formation of Greek states down to the Persian wars. 3. B.C. 500 to 338. From the Per.sian wars down to the battle of Charonea. 4. B.C. 338 to 146. Graeco- Macedonian period down to the Roman conquest. Period I. National heroes : Heracles, Theseus, Minos. The expedition of the Argonauts ; War of the Seven against Thebes ; the Trojan War. Period II. Settlement of Aeolian, Ionian, and Dorian colonies. Homer, about 1000 B C. ■ ■ ' ' The Iliad and Odyssey. Laws of Lycurgus, about 800 B.C. The Olympian Games, 108 Universal History — Continued. B.C. 77(5. Messeniftn wars, B.C. 743-»>28. Laws cf Solon, B.C. 594. 560-527. Reforms of Cleistlienes, B.C. 509. Pisistratus, B.C. Period III. Persian invasions, B.C. 509-449: («; Under Mardonius, B.C. 492. (h) Under - Artaphernes, B.C. 490. Battle of Marathon. Miltiades, Aristides, Theniistocles and Cinion. • (c) Under Xerxes, B.C. 481. Battle of Thermopylae. Leonidas. Battles of Artemisium and Salamis. (chy, 919-930. . Freed his country from the Magyars. Otto the Great, 930-973. Countless swarms of Hungarians invaded Sax- ony, but being defeated and pursued by Otto, they invaded France. He invaded Italy in 951, and again in 962, when he founded the C. Holy Romax Empire, 962, and became nnister of Italy Otto II., 973-983, maintained the empire for a time, but was harassed by the inroads of the Northmen. Otto III., 983-1002, and Henry II., 1002-1024, lost much of their power. D. The Franconian or Salian Emperors, 1024-1125. These were Conrad II., 1024-1039; Henry III., 10.39-1056 ; Henry IV., 10.50-1100 ; Henry V., 1100-1125. Under Henry III. the empire reached its greatest power. The reign of Henry IV. was noted for his quariels with Pope Gregory VII. E. The Hohenstaufen Emperors. Frederic I , Barbarossa, 1152-1190, one of the most heroic figures of the Middle Ages. Conquered Italy in six great expeditions. Henry VI., 1190-1197, brother-in-law of Richard I. of England Otto IV. of Brunswick, 1198-1215. Frederic II., 1212 1250, fought in the Crusades and against Danish invalers. The king- dom was then split up into a number of factions. From this time until the end of the Medieval period there were several small kingdoms i' Germany. Rudolf I., 1273-1291, founded the power of the Hapsburgs, and extended his rule over Austria. The Swiss Cantons cemented their confederacy at this time. The story of Tell, a German tradition. In 1347 the Bohemian Line of kings got the ascend- ancy. Charles IV., 1347-1378. The Great Plague (Black Death) ravaged Germany in ! 1348. The Hanseatic League, originally of the seaports between the Baltic and the Elbe, but after- ward of over 90 cities, formed about this time a formidable power. Son.e lesser leagues, like that of the Rhine Cities, were also formed. Council of Constance, 1414. Univehsal Histouy — Continued. Ill The Ilussito Wiir, 1419-143(1, arose throiij^li the martyrdom of Hus, 1416. F. The House of Hapsbubo, 1438-1740. Frederic IIT. was the lust emperor crowned in Rome. About 1450 John Gutenberg invented Printing at Mainz. Frederic h)8t Austria, 1462. Iv. MAHOMET AND THE SARACENS. Mahomet's flight (Hegira) from Mecca to Medina, (522. Mahomet born 571. Declared himself a prophet of Idam {i.e. submission to the will of God consequent on belief). One God (Allah), and Mahomet his prophet. Moslems (the believers). Died 632. His successors were called Caliphs. Omar, 632-634 ; Othmann (Osman), 644-656 ; Ali, 636-661. The caliphates gradually spread over northern Africa and west as far as Spain. In 711 the caliph Musa destroyed the kingdom of the Goths in Spain. The Mohammedan kingdom reached its greatest extent at this time, embracing South-Western Asia, from the Gulf of Arabia and the Indus to the Mediterranean and the Caucasus, the entire northern coast of Africa, a groat jjart of the Spanish peninsula, part of Southern France, Sardinia, Corsica, and the Balearic Islands. From 750 to 1258 the capital of the caliptAate was at Bagdad. The Saracen empire did not last long. In 755 it was divided and was never again joined together, tiiough the religious followers of Mahomet looked to Bagdad for guidance in matters of faith. V. FRANCE. A. The Carolingian Kings of the Franks. Charles the Bald, 843-877. His rule was confined to narrow limits. The ravages of the Northmen were incessant and terrible. Town after town ravaged and burnt. Charles the Fat of Germany united France with his kingdom, 884-887. Siege of Paris by Rollo the Northman, in 885. Charles the Simple, 893-925. In his reign Rollo conquered Normandy. Ji. The IIou.se of Capet. Hugh Capet, 987-996. His kingdom stretched from the Somme to the L(jire. The Dukes of Normandy, Brittany, Burgundy, etc., were more powerful than the king. Robert, 996-1031, and Henry I., 1031-1060, wasted their power. Philip I., 1060-1108. In this reign England was conquered by the Normans (1066), and the First Crusade was begun (1096). Louis VI., 1108-11.37. Louis VIII., 1137-1180. Second Crusade. Philip II., 1180-1223. One of the greatest of the French kings. Third Cru- sade with Richard I. of England. Philip gradually reduced the power of his vassal dukes and seized the territory owned by John of England. Battle of Bouvines, 1214. Louis IX., 1226-1270, added greatly to his dominions. Sixth Crusade. Philip IV., 1285-1314. In this reign the social condition of the people was greatly improved. Increased imporbmce of parliament. Better administration of law. Conflict with Edward I. of England. Revolt of Flanders and its independence recognized (1305). Arrest of all the Knights Templars in France, and fifty-four of them burned. The order abolished (1312). Philip V., 1316-1322, passed the Salic Law, enacting that no female could succeed to the throne of France. O. The House of Valois. Philip VI., 1328-1360. The Hundred Years' War with England begun. Froissart, chronicler of the War (1337-1410). Black Death, 1347. John II., 1350-1364. Captured by the Black Prince at Battle of Poitiers, 1356. Peas- ant War, 1358. Charles V., 1364-1380. Charles VI., 1380-1422. Battle of Agincourt, 1416. Henry V. of England married Catharine, daughter of Charles VI. Charles VII. , m Uni V KHs A I- \ f IH r^ii Y — Contht iieil. 14*J2-14(U. .foiiiiiio D'Arc, tlio dolivoroi- u«tiuitiut)|)lo was (•ii|ifiiioil l)y tlio TiakH, iiiid tlio (irook writors iiiul 8chi)liirH were sciittorcd ovor Eiiropo Hiiil iiitiixluced tliu now leiiniing. Louis XI., 14(il-14H.'{, tloNtroyo.l tlio jxiwor i>f tlio bnrons, imd uimlo the power of the king ultHoluto. Churles VIIL, 14K;M4i»8. Tlie history of niodorii Frimco from 1408, whoa tlu' Houhu of OrU^nnH Huccooded to tho tlirono, eniniot he outHiied in huiiiI! space; For tliu nimioH of French kingH, hoo the list on puge «>5. vl. DENMARK. The true lii.story of Donniivrk l)egins witli (Jorni the Old, 8G0-i>;{5, tho Hrst king of nil Duninurk. Christiimity introduced in S)7o. Ctnit tho Qroiit, king of England iind Dennmrk, 1014- WAo, and king of Norway in 1028. Svend, 1047-1074, rainud Denmark to a position of pt)wer, which was soon lost. Wahlemar I., tho fJreat, 1157 1182, mid his .son, NValdeniar . II., 1202-1241, reigned in one of the most brilliant periods of Danish history. Danish territory was extended far to tho aouth. I5ut, these poHsessions were lost again by 1240. Waldemar II. enacted a great code of laws. From i;j(»3-70 there were two great wars with Sweden. Norway, Sweden and Denmark were united into one by the Union of Calmar, in 1397. The Union lasted till 1524, when Sweden separated itself. About this time the Reformation .spread throughout these countries. In IGOO the people con- ferred ab.s )lute authority upon the king by the Lex Uegia. Denmark suffered in tho Thirty Years' War. King Christian IV. being defeated by Tilly and Wallenstoin. War . between Denmark and Sweden, 1043-45, in which Denmark suffered. In the great Northern War, 17W-21, Dennmrk joined Russia and Saxony against Sweden, and at the close of it made an advantageous peace. In 1807 Denmark joined France, and suffered a great defeat by Nelson at the battle of Copenhagen. Prussia find Austria made war upon Denmark in 18(54, and permanently crippled its power. Iz. vli. SWEDEN. The lirst of the Scandinavian kingdoms to attain power. Authentic history begins in the 9th century. Erik Ennuidsson, 886, made contpiests in the east. Bands of Swedes subju- gated the Slavs around Novgorod and hiid tho foundation of tlie Russian empire. Olaf, 993-1024, wa"* the first Christian king of Sweden. Glreat civil wars in Sweden lasting 200 years. Peasants reduced to slavery and nobles supreme. Erik IX., 1160-1162. Christianity introduced. A long period of interna' roubles ended in the union of Sweden with Noi Why and Denmark, 1397. Sweden reached its greatest power under Gustavus Adolphuii IT., 1630, in the Thirty Years' War. He won many victories, among them being Leipzic, 1631, and Liitzen, 1632, in which he was killed. War with Denmark, 1643-46. Peace of Westphalia, 1648. Sweden accjuired several provinces. Great duel bet'veen Peter the Great of Russia and Charles XII. of Sweden, 1700-21. Sweden crippled. Another unsuccessful war with Russia, 1788-90. In 1805, Sweden joined England, Russia and Austriu against France. In 1814 Norway was annexed to Sweden, but rebelled and was subdued in 1815. vlll. NORWAY. No authentic history before the 9th century. Halfdan, 841-863, conquered petty rulers, and introduced the feudal system. Establishment of Northmen under RoUo in Normandy, 860. Discovery and settlement of Iceland, 861-875. Discovery and settlement of of Univkkhai- HlrtTOKY — ('(MUinueil. \i:\ Oreonldiwl i>y Eric tlio Rod, 1>8;{. Nortli Aiiioricti (Viiiliind) vimfced l»y Lwif luid otliers, JtHfi-lOll. CniuM of Ciiliiiiir, l;{<.»7-ir)'24. Aftoi- tliin hiiiu tho luHtory of Norwiiy in tliftt of Dciiiuark, until 1M15, whoa it wiia uubduud by 8w«dun. Ix. SPAIN. Cnliplmto of Cordovft, founded TrjO-lOMl. Sunclu) III., the (iroat, king of Navtirni, divided liiH kingdom nniong \un thruo noun : 1. OuHtile ; 2. NiiVftiTc ; 3. Amgon. The Moors of Orftniidft ctmquered in 14t»'i. F'urdimiuil of .\riigon imd THiit)t^llii of CiiHtilo, 147n-157(», united tlio two kingdonm. Coluniltiis, sent out liy IsiilHillii, discovered Anioricu, It'.tli. ClmrleH 1. of Spain and V. of Oorniany, J 510- 1 65l>, founded an al)solute nionurchy. In America the conquest of Mexico, Peru, Chili, Granaihi. Philip II., ir)5()-15!t8, married Mary, Queen of Knglund. War of Liberation in the Netherlands, 15(»8-1048. Spanish Armada, ir)88. Spanish power declined under Philip III. and IV. PORTUGAL. In 1096 the County of Portugal was granted as a Castilian fief to Henry, Count of Burgundy. Henry's son liberated himself from tiio ovorlordship of Castile, and called himself King of Portugal, in 1140. In l.*i8;{ the Burgundian line of kings became extinct. About this time, A D. 1400, Portugal reached its greatest power. It made coufjuests in Africa, and established there the kingdom of Algarlie. Voyages and discoveries under Henry the Navigator, 1304-14«)0. Discovery of Porto Santo and Madeira, 1419 ; Cape Verde, 1440 ; Azores, 1447 ; Cape Verde Islands, 14r>5. Vasco di Gama, 1498. The Portuguese reached Asia l)y the ea.stern route around Africa, 1498,, and struck a mortal blow at the prosperity of Alexandria and the great oitiefl of Italy by securing a monopoly of the Eastern trade for 100 years. The Portuguese power in the East Indies was founded by the Admiral Almeida, 1504-1509, and by Albu(|uer(|ue, 1509-15. After many years of dependence upon Spain, Portugal again became independent in 1<)40, under the House of Braganza. Not long after Portugal came under the control of England through a com- mercial treaty. In 1755 occurred the eartlupiake of Lisbon, in which 30,000 people lost their lives. In 1807 Portugal was occupied by a French army under Junot, because it refused to join the continental system. England, Spain and Portugal undertook the '* Peninsular War " against Napoleon, 1808-1814. Revolutions and civil war in Portugal, 1820-34, and loss of possessions. Brazil independent, 1822. Don Pedro king, 1836. Pedro II., 1831. III. MODERN NATIONS. The countries which have developed national life on a great scale since the discovery of America, with which modern history begins, are : Ameriqa, Cfernvany, Italy, Russia, Austria. [The shortest possible notes on their history would take up a great deal of space, and the limits ol' this book are already reached. Should further editions be required, it may be possible to outline the main facts ii- Hioir history.] DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS. B.C. L Egy)»tiftn ryriimi