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102
The Man
1
aTonAX. 'oxJi^^ '^I'J
(luring tlie past elovon yciirs, find can
iinw-Uuast of over '.V.i,'A)0 iiihaliitaiits.
Tliousamls^^t' now .settlers liavc been
tlui-kin<>' int\ tlie cotnitiy, and the
fact tliat tlitrc is now seairely a
vacant iiouselin Winnipeg, while new
buildings are/going up on eveiy side,
is couclusiveniroot' that the city is
going ahead Avith rapid strides. She
has passed (Jirough hei' yeai's of trial,
ami gone tli'ough the tire of depres-
sion and i'eActi<jn con.so(]Uent on the
collapst'of An unnatural and unhealthy
real ostate/hooni, and has }io\v einerg-
ed from fhe strua'irh' strons:','r than
ever.
In l)uil(lKig iniproveMieiits, Winni-
peg has l)e^tK,^eeping i)ace with
its progress inXothei' respects.
The era of ci\ea]) buildings
bi'longs to the past, j 'I'he structui'es
put up during the pafct year, and the
numerous ones now ip course' of erec-
tion, are of the most J
acter. The deiiian/
warehouse room is
structures which arl
c'.iy architectural!}}, and compaiHs fa-
vorably with the 1 est business blocks
of older and larger cities in size, ar-
rangement and perfec^^inii of detail.
The money value of bmlding im-
provements during the past six year.s
is as follows :
substantial char-
for wholesale
being met by
a ci'cdit to the
1S87
1888
1889
18911
ISill
lSlt'2
t 300,000
360,(K)(I
MM),460
(i.iO.OOO
l)3«,000
l.OUO.OCO
Totnl J t'3,736,460
This year the ilemand for houses is
■considerably ov(!r the supply. The
following statement shows'x pi-etty
clearly the growth of the citjnyjluring
the past twelve months: Y
1880. ISlte.
Value ot City I'l-opcriy * 4,'2(iO,OCO s'Hfli.i),lM
Volume Coiiiim'rrial HuMrx'-s ... 2,000,000 40,000,000
Jiaiik CapiLil 10,iKio,ono 40,(Hio,ihi;1
Fos|.-ofHoeL'ol.«'t'n atifl Delivery !NHi,000 s,ooo,(KiO
Viilue I'ublU' liniirovenients ... 1CO,000 •2,000,000
Torn Coal handled .'..f(Mi !■ 0,(HKI
Population H.178 30,o00
Nnnilter of IttiiMinffH
linsioesM Houses
rilclciries
' { 'hucches
^(■ho..ls
liank-s
" XewsitaperH
.Miles of Sidevv.ilk ... .
" (iraded Streets
" ra\e<i Streets ...
" .Sewers
" Water .Mains
(ias Mains
,, Sireet liailttay
1880.
1S9
i,noo
«,oao
o.-i
4011
It;
4a
8
•20
5
1!)
.1
12
■»
11)
20
122
111
85
10
2
2'2
(1
10
«
11
111 conclusion, THE Manitohax as-
sures its refiders that there is not a
city oil the continent with a healtliiei-
business coiiiiiiuuity or a iiitire assured
futui'c than Winnipeg.
BLOOD INDIAN SUN DANCE.
TO any who has never .seen an
IiidiaiiSunDanc e it would be of
great atti'iiction and inttu'est.and those
who liavt.' seen them longs to see one
again.
iMo.st people familiar witli the
Blood nation, know them to be sun
worshi])])er's, and that the , sun dance is
tlieir yearl}'^ thanks offering to their
(!od, the sun. After the big men of
the tribe decitle upon a site, everyone
is either on the move or preparing to
follow those gone before. They have
a happy go lucky way of lumping
Sundays, so to speak, for counting in
days spent in preparation it gener-
ally lasts about three weeks, commen-
cing somewhere about the middle of
June, or so soon as the service berries
are ripe. Here they come, first the
bucks, riding ahmg ahead like gen-
tlemen, then the sipiaws come strag-
gling along with all their worldly
]5().ssessions, consisting of tepee plow,
travoies, paposio, old blanket*, little
grub, dogs and a few colts, whose
mothers are unfortunate enough to
be loaded with a travoie, .s(]uaw in
the .sadtlle riding behind the cross
.sticks, behind her a young daughter,
in the pocket oi the travoie two or
thrtMi [)a])o«.ses. On they come, and as
139
«,ll30
4011
4r>
■>t>
1:1
12
HI
122
S5
10
22
:ll
11
vitli the
<» l)e sun
n (lance is
; ti) tlieir
j; men of
everyone
paring to
'hey liave
' lumping
untinjr in
The Manitoban.
19:i
the day approaches.the wliole country
aliout resemliles an ant hill wlien some
one is witching it.
I'lie place usually selected will he
on tile l)ench land close to wood and
water, and sometimes outside; the
limit of their reservation.
After a goodly number of camps
have gathered about the appointed
place, the great lodge is eoinni'^ncei'.
This is huilt generally thirty feet in
diameter and consists generally' of
green trees untrimmed. First a hole
is dug in the ground. " an awful con-
tract for Indians," then the largest
tree to lie found within easy distance
of the camp is cut down, hauled and
the stump end placed in the hole. An
outer wall is then made with many
smaller ones, hut standing at regular
distances good straight ones are pi ic-
ed, from these to the large centre
jiiece rafters are strung, then the
whole is covered with ifreen foliaoi'
making it present a stiikmg appear-
ance and resembling somewhat a large
summer house ; a large door way is
left open on the east side, facing the
I'ising sun. One particularity is not'ce-
al)le when they are engaged hauling
the fallen trees for the sun lodge ;
three or four well mounted hueks
win drop their lariat over the stump
end, haul in the slack, take a few
turns with the rope around the horn
f)f the saddle, then off' they go, legs
going, arms flying, laughing, shouting,
yelling, followed by a number of
others who clischarge numerous shots
among the loaves of the fallen tree
and in the air, to drive away, as one
of their number told us. "the devil."
After placing that one in position
they return and the same is repeated
many times till the whole is complete.
If I remember right, the first part
of the dance is the presenting of six
virgins, by the head chief to the sun
as a token of the moral standing of
the tribe generally, this takes up con-
163723
siderable time, aiul resembles an old
time theological sermon, void of inter-
est. Then follows the making of
braves: <mly those who successfully
pass through this ordeal can take a
plac<! among the braves of the nation,
should they fail or faint they are
s(piaws and not suited to associate
with men of his council. Only one
brave is made at a time : he by a pre-
arranged plan makes his way to a
place at the; we^t side of the tep;o
occupied by the medicine men who
perform the transforination act. While
this is going on they are all hidden
from 'view.
Sfiildenly the candidate for honors
appears on the scene, a most perfect
deiiion,painted most hideously. 'Each
aspirant wears different colors," per-
haps in a deadly white with large
black ami red stripes along each ril»,
his face a net work of cfilors, green,
yellow and red, eyes like a hyena,
mouth like a clown, nose a decorated
one, you can see plenty like it
anywhere; his legs are ornamented
with r'.'rpendicular stripes with fancy
artistic touches about the ankles and
knee joints, add to this a head of long
shaggy hair and you have him ; ex-
cept for the paint he is almost as nude
as the day he was born a ])a})oose. On
each side of the breast can be seen
two scratch like cuts, passing under
the skin, through the.se a skewer, and
l)etween the shoulder blades a similar
cut and skewcu' ai'e seen.
From the centre pole hangs two
light ropes, a loop at the end of each.
These loops are placed over the
skewer's on the breast, then a large
tuitle shell 1^ hung by a cord from
the skewer on the back between the
shoulder blades; after these prelimin-
aries a whistle is placed in his inouth
and the tom-tom's strike up, then t' •
young man's father, friend or relative
steps forward and every souud is
silenced, when he iu a continued How
I
194
The Manitoh.vx.
of native oloqiionce rclntes much of
tliis younp man's past and predicts
his futui'e, tells of his l)rave ancestors
and their deeds, endin<r l)y callini;- up-
on the Great Spirit to look after and
protect him always.
An<l now to liusiness after this send
off! The tom-tom lieaters, four in
. uuiidier, occupy the soutli side of the
lodrre, start the ball again rollinr;,the
wliistle placed in the yonnj,' mon's
mouth keeping time with them, his
feet rising and falling to the time of
the tom-tom, gradually creeps closei-
the centre pole while the head slowly
sinks to the rear, till the lioily rea(,'hes
an angle of ahout foi'ty-tive degrees,
and the whole weight of his body is
supported by the two particles of skin
tnider which the skewers pass: and
now the dance in earnest liegins, he
lioppiiiL'' up an<l down to tiii' time of
the tom-tom moves along in a (jUfirter
circle, ami the skin on the breast is
stretched away out from the flesh like
a piece of elastic. All this time he
keeps up the same bob and as well is
obliged to resound on his whistle to
every tap of their di'ums, on he goes,
tom, torn, torn, tom, toot, toot, toot,
toot, will he ever fall: down goes
the turtle shell, the continued .strain
of its weight has broken away from
the skin, still on he goes ; one begins
to wonder what kind of a liide this
y(mth possesses, when suddenl\ down
he goes, while hanging from the ])lace
where the skewers occu])ied, is lacer-
ated >kinandtotn Hesh, bleeding freely,
this trickling down over his painted
carcass. It's but a second he remains
on che ground, for with a bound like a
jumping deer, he is on his feet and
strides majesticallj' away to take a
place among the figliting men of his
nation.
Just as this act came to a closo one
of the scouts came and told us of one
wlio would shortly pay a promi^eil
vow to the sun for its care and good-
ness to him when in dariger, so we
strolled over in his direction to the
west of the great lodm-.
This man possesses two names
" I'rairie Chicken Old Man " or " Fol-
lowing Person." Indiansare strangcdy
named. 1 believe it is theii- habit
when about to name a child just to
step out of the lodge and the tirst
object that the eye rests upon is the
name; for instance, take this man's
name, the one wh(j named him upon
step|iingout caught sight (»f a prairie
chicken and an old man at the same
time, with tin" result " Prairie Chicken
OIil Man," the secoml time he was
Uiimed I ])re ume tla^ tiist seen was
one man followuig another, conse-
i|Ui.ntly ' Following Person," but to
c 'iitiiHie. it !i]ipears that the man in
([uestion liad lieeii over in .Montana,
I'.S., on a hoi'se stealing expedition
against their old enemies the Gros
N'entres: they had n<, difhcultv in run-
n ingoti" with a few ponies, liut were over-
taken by tlieii' enemies and of coiu'se
the (|uesti(;ii t)f owners was not set-
tled liy ai'bitration. ])uring the skir-
mish that followe(l otir friend found
himself pretty well corralled, and the
oidy avenue of escape was blocked
by a Gros \'entres, here he oft'eied up
a ])rayer to the tireat Spirit, promis-
ing that if he would aid him to escape,
he, wliile the snn < lance Was going on,
would present him with his little fin-
ger in return for his assistance.
Shortly after making this offer an op-
portunity pi'esented itself for raisitig
himself up from behind a stump, .saw
his opponent cr(aiche<l close to earth
on the other sid'-, (piietly and quickly
he placed the muz/Je of his rifle with-
in an inch of his enemy s head, raised
the blockade and caused Mr. Gros
Ventres to ' get a jersey" < n for the
happy hunting grounds ; in a very
slK)rt time. " Pmirie Chicken Old
Man " was •■afe amonir bis friends.
Anil now lie's al)out to pay the vow
) names
or " Fol-
■ir Imliit
1 Just to
tilt; tii'st
n is tlie
is man's
im upon
prnirio
le same
Cliicicon
lie was
fcn was
const'-
but to
man in
Montana,
[pedition
lie (Jros
V in lun-
'CIBOVIT-
[>V t'liurse
not set-
tliL' skir-
(1 i'ound
anil tlio
lilot'kcd
i'oiid up
piomis-
() I'scape,
ISIUAXS I'I(K1'A1(I\(. To AITKNI) SI X HANCK.
The Manitoran.
105
o ■
k -
W 1:
O ^
a "■
O ^ '
a ^'
u .-:
0. -
just think of it, an Indian, surpassing
the civilizt'd f,'i'neriiti()n of to-tlay, for
it is pretty sure licttinff to hot on a
whito man similarly situated,
possessinjif a better education and
promising' less, forgettinjr all aliout
the vow as soon as the danger was
passed.
A very ancient looking s{|uaw, age,
anywhere from sixty to a hundred
years old, headed the procession, tak-
ing the part of superintendent in gen-
eral, assem hi in j; those who follo\ve<l
close to the sun lodge. She piofluced
thigh and arm lioneof .somegreat medi-
cine man, placing the thigh lioneon the
grounii ,she directed • Prairie Chicken
Old i\hin" to lay the finger u])on this,
turning aliont and niimililing all this
time .she pi-oduced from among many
]>ieces of old clothing the original of
all knives made from a harrel hoop
and sharp as a razor. Placing this
upon the first joint of his little finger
■^he connn-ncid a long prayer to the
sun, all this time hrandishing the hum-
erus and making many false Mows in
the<lirection of the knife, sliu prolong-
ed the agony as long as possihie, and
just wlu'ii no one (\\pectiil such a
thing, not even herself to jnilge from
her half look of astonishment, down
catne the arm hone and off went the
finger. There was no more change
in the expression of the Indian's face
than there is on the face of a stone
wall.
■^riie amputated part was picked up,
placed in some pieces of cotton and
given to a hoy, he following the in-
structions given, climbs up to the top
of the centre pole of the sun lodge
and ties it upon the toj) of the high-
est branches there, .so that it stan<ls
above an}^ offering given the sun .
Mrs. Tippytack turnti and spreads
a blackish mixture made from htrhs
over the wound, njuin this the crowd
breaks up, "Prairie Chicken Old
Man " slowly walks over to his
tepee, .seats himself comfortable, one
of his ,s(piaws han<l him a pipe, from
this he takes a few "alls, then pa.sses
it around, ami while it was passing
he related the explanation already
given for his sacrifice.
CJ. K. ]). El.MOTT.
THE WAY TO EUROPE.
TRAXSPOUTATIOX is the pro-
bK;ni for Canada, says a Mont-
I'eal grain dealer ni a pamphlet on
the subject recent y published. The
cheapening of trans])ortation for farm
proiluets tVom our prairie to th(^
markets of the world is a Jnatter of
prinie nece.ssity to cnir {liopulation,
says the President of tlye interna-
tional I{(,'ciprocity Associt/tion. Wa
who have lived in the N(/th west long
enough to study its coi/litions know
that to us at least this/(|uestion sur-
passes in interest evt/ii that of the
tariff, although for /bvious and na-
tural reasons the lawer is uppermost
just at present. \yhat shall it pi'ofit
us tlaaigh lair peoi^le be given a re-
duction of ten, fift/'cn («• twenty per
cent, of the cust<iiifs duties on articles
of necessary consiimption, if they ^re
to eontiiuie to payyiearly the price tjf
one bushel of wheat to get anotheV
bushel to market / 1f.,the transport-\
ation problem which faces~Tts-.,can be
solved in such a way as to add. ten,
eight, or even five cents to the irice
of that bushel, the gain to our pA)ple
will be greater than any the)(' can
hope to olitain through a reduction of
th(! tariff. It is estimated ^nat last
year the province of Manitoba pro-
duced, roundly, 14,000,000 bushels of
wheat. Taking this one pi-oduct, and
leaving out of our present considera-
tion all others that wouhKbe favora-
bly affected in a proportionate degree
by such improvetl moai\s of ti'ans-
portation as we hope to be within