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Statement setting forth certain facts concerning International Commerce between England, Canada and United States, the desirability of improved trade relations between the two last named countries, and the imjwrtance of the Great Waterway lying between them. y^ F ROM The Committee of the^oard of Trade \ Prkscott, Ontario. Canada. ?1 ■ ^ -it" ^j Presiott, Janiarv, i8tii., 1899. To the British-Canadian and United States Joint Hi|;h Commission. Statement setting forth certain facts concerning international commerce between England, Canada, and the United States, the desirability of improved trade relations between the two last named countries, and the importance of the great waterway ly«r.g between them. The members of the committee of the Board of Trade of the Town of Prescott, Ontario, Canada, feel, that the fact that Pres- cott lies at the foot of Lake Navigation and is in Canada the spot most favored by nature, as the point of transhipment for grain on the St. Lawrence route to the sea, gives the citizens of this town a peculiar interest in the efforts now being made, to secure more satisfactory trade relations between Canada and the United States as the resr.lt of an amicable arrangement of all questions in dispute between the two countries would, no doubt, lead to the greatly in- creased use by American shippers and vessel owners of the St. Lawrence route to the sea, which is admittedly the best, and which by the possible abolition of Canal tolls would then become more markedly the cheapest. A fair measure of Reciprocity would also, not only be of enormous benefit to the people of both countries, but would more quickly be appreciated in those sections of the United States and Canada, lying contiguous to the Interna- tional Boundary Line. Whereas, the objects to be gained by such an arrangement w^ould be of great advantage to Canadn, the possible advantage under existing conditions is by no means so great, as would justify on the part of the British Canadian Commissioners any material sacrifice of rights which Canada now has and which she can well afford to maintain. The benefit to Canada of freer access to the. American market cannot now be as great as it once would have been, as such benefit could only be enjoyed by the diverting to American channels of a large portion of the great and rapidly in- creasing trade between Canada and England, which has placed Canada in a position of independence of '^he American market, not yet fully and generally appreciated. Since Confederation, what may be described as a revolution has taken place in our commercial relations as between Great Britaiaand the United States, and reciprocity with the latter, even in animals and natural products, however valuable, is no longer the sine qua non to the Dominion, which it was twenty years ago V" •T" Strange as it may appear, the high tariflfs which Congress ha** enacted since the abolition of the reciprocity treaty in i8C6 hav'e been to us, in many respects, blessings in disguise. They forced us to search for new markets for our productions, and this whole- some and stimulative experience, combined with that masterstroke Oi policy, the preferental tariff, under which our commerce with Great Britain alone has in two years bounded upwards to a larger volume than the entire transactions of the Dominion at Confeder- ation, has completed our commercial emancipation. The people of Canada, therefore, no longer regard Canadian prosperity as dependent upon the United States markets, and Dingleyism has ceased to be a terror even to our farmers. In proof of this posi- tion, our trade returns are quite eloquent, but we only propose at this time to quote them sufficiently to m:ike this point good. At Confederation no less than 59 per cent, of our domestic exports, principally products of the farm, found a market in the United States, and only 30 per cent, in the Mother country. Our neigh- bors then enjoyed more than the lion's share of this valuable trade. For many years past, however, this position has been completely reversed. This was conspicuously the case during the last fiscal year (1897-8), ending on the 30th of June last. During that year Gr^at Britain bought from us domestic and foreign productions to the large amount of $ro3,787,ooo, whilstour neighbor's purchases only came to $41,122,000, in other words, instead of being, as formerly, our principal market, the United States only took 25.78 per cent, of our total exports, whilst the mother country absorbed no less than 65.73 per cent. The significance of this change ap- pears still more clearly when we examine the character of the ex- ports taken by each country respectively. Including those from **other countries," they were as follows: — G B. The Minos $ 215 402 Fishories 4 824 270 Forest IG 1G7 100 Animals 41 05C 243 Agriculturo 37 441 768 Manufactures... 6 016 671 Miscellaneous 65 055 Coin and Bulliuu 39 u. s. 0. 0. 14 052 101 $ 426 461 2 n02 538 3 1.57 169 ♦» 3.'.0 174 1 o25 803 4 6.57 066 420 !>20 1 331 083 4 954 917 3 745 681 3 069 410 369 913 20 971 4 623 010 , How successful the Dingley and other high American tariffs have been in driving Canadian commerce from the United States into British channels and in making the mother country the prin- cipal and most profitable market for our productions, is eloquently attested by the foregoing statistics. It is simply amazing, with frontiers touching for nearly 3,000 miles, that out of nearly $90.. 000,000 worth of animals and farm produce sent abroad by our 8 farmers lust year less than six million dollars' worth crossed the (in most cases) imaf>finary line which separates the two countries. Taking ajj^ricultural products alone, it is a remarkable and highly sug-ffestive fact, that whilst our total exportations last year were of the value of $43,727,003, our neighbors only furnished us a market to the trifling amount of $1,331,000. Nevertheless, Canada prospers to-day as it never did before. Our agricultural, lumbering, manufacturing, mining, and fishery industries are either fairly active or highly prosperous; our direct ocean and lake carrying trade overtaxes a fleet of 7,000 vessels; new railways and fast steamship lines are being provided, and the great popularity of Sir Wilfrid Laurier's jubilee speeches and pre- terental tariff has so unlocked to us the British markets that al- though the commerce of the Dominion made the extraordinaryt t)ound last year from $257,000,0.00 up to $304,000,000, there is still room over there for all the suitable productions our farmers and other classes can send them. Tlvc knowledge of the foregoing facts has naturally made us as a people more self-reliant and in- dependent, and public opinion would justify our High Commiss'- ioners, if the necessity arises, in opposing any agreement rather than submit to one-sided and unequal terms. Although free entrance for our productions to the American markets, as we have emdeavored to show, is no longer a necessity to the Dominion, the great mass of Canadians not only regard the existing high tariff wall as a barbarous anomaly between two friendly nations, but are firmly persuaded that the removal even o( part of its rougher stones would greatly benefit both countries. Our total inter- national commerce last year reached the handsome sum of $127,- 710, 040. With freer commercial intercourse it would speedily become $2,000,000,000, and as commerce enriches those who buy as well as those who sell, both countries would greatly profit thereby. Such a measure would also bring other blessings in its train, and would undoubtedly tend to promote good understanding between the United States and Canada, and increase the cordial feelings of friendship which happily exist on both sides of the line. In view of all the circumstances, it is probably too much to expect the High Commission to settle all the national difficulties of a quarter of a century; but the mere efTort to do so by peaceful conference is exceedingly creditable to the United States and Great Britain, and furnishes an example of enlightened Christian States- manship.of the highest order. The commission itself, composed of such eminent men as Lord Herschell, Sir Wilfred Laurier. Senator Fairbanks, Sir Richard Cartwright and their equally re- spected colleagues, wou4d be an honor to any country as represen- tative«. < Every friend of peace and progress vvill earnestly hope that their labors will be crowned with the highest possible measure of success. ; If they succeed in adjiistiii^ most of the questions submitteil to them they will do well. But if, rising ubove the prejudice* and errors of the pa»t, they are finally succcstiful in settling all our national disputes and lowering the frowning fiscal barriers which have so long injured our mutual commerce and prosperity, their enlightened action will make this international conference forever memorable in the history of Great Britain and the Ignited States, and set the world a grand example in national arbitration. Tilt: »oMi]vioiv or <*ajva»a. Now then let us askyoutoturn your attention to theareawhich the Dominion of Canada occupies, one so enormous that we have only to mention the fact that the wheat bearing region in our north west territory is greater than the wheat and corn area of the United States, to make you realize the vastness of our inheritance, and the greatness to which we can naturally aspire. Nor is this a vastneiis of solitude, or barrenness. The contrary is the case. Our (astern coast from Labrador to the south- ernmost part of New Brunswick is the great fishery ol the continent. From the Straits of Belle Isle on the Atlantic stretches the broad river St. Lawrence, the outlet of the great lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron and SU|>enor. This river and these lakes are bounded by a land of forest and plain, fertile, and occupied by a happy, and pros- perous people. Continue on your jonrney west through the Rainv River District with its mines of Gold, Copper and nickel, until you reach the fertile province of Manitoba, the threshold of the greatest wheat producing territory, the north west, which last year, with its sparse settlements, was able to export 50,000,000 bnshels of the finest wheat in the world. As you approach the .cocky Mountains, you pass through ranch after ranch of stocIVr<*iilliil Trn«l« wlili drent Urllaln. We arc independent and if the people of the United States do not want to deal with us we sh^ll turn lo our mother land, Great Britain, and ask her to give a preference to our products, and from ifi^ expressed sentiments of her statesmen, the time is now ripe for our doing so. We can also increase our trade with sister colonies and foreig I countries. To understand what tliis would mean, glance at the subjoined schedule of imports into England from the United States and Canada: Total lni|)«)rtB from TJnitoil Stil(>t ToUl Tniport% from Cnnadii to Kii^iii. a $r.lM,-.U8 l!(5 00 to bSii^lHi.d, 9% 089,590 OO The following t.ible enumerates a few of the articles exported from the U. S. and Canada : V. f>. Canada Fat Cattle $36,073 o80 00 $I0,22«,045 00 She«|. and Limbi l.:Mi2.10r. 00 478,010 00 Hornoa :i.9«7.S.'5 03 J, 402,286 00 ltiic«»u 20,7ri W) 10 747,505 00 Wheat 0.5.63.3 850 00 0,376 290 00 Fi.ur 33,116,160 00 4,010,646 00 E>{,'8 211,736 00 9«9,990 00 Fish 3..^«*2.9I5 00 3,074,330 00 RiwAp,.K« 2,61;MU0 00 1.394,095 00 llaiuB 17.067.796 00 1,301,360 00 Lha.Iwi 13,032,030 00 840,996 00 Hewn Wood 3,887.866 00 3,972,970 00 Shwii Lumber 8 006,010 00 23 270 730 00 Furniture 3,644,245 00, 213 795 00 All these products we can furnish. The idea of imperial fed- eration has seized on the minds of the people of England. It is no longer the dream of the sage or the philosopher. Does not the same j^entiment stir the people of our Dominion ? Have we not taken the I ! (i first step 1 1 preferential trade when wc reduced the tp*'ifl'on British imports, and in inaugurating the Imperial Fenny Postage System. Already the people of En^fland are movin|^ in the matter. At a meeting of the leather trade held last week in London, resolutions were carried to give preference to Canada. And other trades and callings will follow. So in the near future we can, if we ask it, confidently expect a preferential tariff on imports from Canada, which will give an impetus to our products and manufacv tures beyond the anticipations of the most sanguine. Now take the items in the schedule of imports as given above. We would seek as a preferential tariff 2o%on fat cattle, 20% on sheep an lambs, the same on horses, 2 cts per lb on bacon, beef, butter, cheese and hams, 5 cts per bush on wheat and corn, 10 per. cent on flour, eggs and fish, 20 per cent on apples and leather, 25 per cent on hewn wood, sawn lumber and furniture. This, in our opinion, is a consummation to be not only wished for but worked for until it becomes a fact accomplished. We cannot understand the demand of thepeople of the United States from Canada for free logs to be cut up in their mills in the United States, thus giving em- ployment to and enriching their people, while they try to satisfy us with some trifling relaxation in the stringency of the unfair and unequal tariflf legislation they have passed against us. And they want us to give them the use of our canals free from tolls — canals that cost the people of Canada $91,547,496.52, while it takes $100,000.00 dollars per year for the care and mainten- ance of those canals. And what are we offered in return? We are too intelligent a people to barter our birth rights for a mess of pottage, and unless a broad liberal, and upright view is taken of the matters before Your Honorable Commission, the sooner its sittings are brought to a close the better it vnll be for Canada. Whtn by the effects of a preferential tariff between Canada and the mother country, the United States people will be brought to realize the truth of the saying of their greatest statesman, Abraham Lincoln, when speaking on a kindred subject: '' Vou could not if you would, and should not if you could, isolate yourselves from the great community of nations," developments will prove, that the Canadian people have not suffered by the failure to reach a satis- factory adjustment of all questions under consideration. That our trade with the United States exists in spite of very unfair and unequal trade conditions the following figures will clearly demonstrate. Cantdiun ei|Mirt« to the United fur yonr cntling JOth Juno, 1808 : HtatoM, lli« pruduoj u( CftnikdA Tho Mine $18,838 H31 (K» FiRheriea 2 n7».404 00 For. Hi !»,n:K252 (K) AnimiilM 4,in2.1>43 IK) AKilcuItunil 1 iri3,293 (« Mwnuf4ctnrrs 2,820,DI0 00 MiioolUneoui b\,M2 00 Coin and liullion 1.04K,723 00 Total 935,407.M8 00 Cunadian impurta f<>r coniumptfon h'urta into Canada 38,4'% ,0i)0 OO Total 880,W0 400 00 Notice tne tatiff imposed by the United Staut ind a>Hu by thu Domin- ion of Canada on the following articlea aa onuinvrate'* : United Statoa Dominion of Canada. Hay $4 00porton 82 00 i»or ton Lumber, Sawn Pine 2 00 per M Frro Cnlvo*, « to. under 1 ) r 2 00 per head 20 ^ur cent ad valorum 1 1 oral a, not lo»B than »0 00 each 'JO * '* J?«rley 30 per bnthel ;?o " *• Buckwheat 15 " " 10 |)or buahol Oats 15 •• • 10 Wheat 25 " •' 12 " Wheiit Fhiur 25 per cent ad valorum t»0 per Inrrel Butter per pound 4 per p«)und Cheese Cper pound 3 per |iound Beans 45 per bushel 15 per bushel Cabbage 3 per head 25 per cent ad valorum Eggs opeidizcn 3 per dozen Hops ]2porp(>und li per pound Potatoes 25 per bushel 15 >er bushel Corn 20 p«r bushel Free Steel Bails 0-10 cts per p<ake plain the fwct. that Can da in the past has been streiuiou,- ly endoarorin^, under ninut di.ref erenco bv fore the people of Great Britiait today, how would existing ci>ndiiioiis bj regarded ? Lot ns lake the lumber (lucslion and present it to tho Eojjlish people as follows: Into tho Dr. tish Isles are imported from the Unitofl Siates liewn wood and sawn lumber to the value of $14,500,000— mark you fno of duty— while the United States imp. >8es a prohibitory duty of $2.00 per thousaiid on these articles import o 1 from Canada, a member of the British Empire. Is this fair ? Is it right for you to buy this lumber from tho United States which so unworthily treats Canada in this article, when Canada could furnish you with all tho lumber you require i , . But more than this— the people of the United States have in the past been allowed to come to Canada, cut down our forfsts into logs ffoat these logs free of duty, from Canada into their own country, cut them up and manufacture them into furniture, of which they sell to you the amount of $3,644,243. Now arc you. the people of Groat BritHin, willing to continue to help the people <.f the United Stales to discriminate against Canada by buying their lumber iirodiicts 1 Thero cannot be question t.f t ho answer. Tho cable informs us that Honourable Joseph Chanilcriain. I ritisli Secretary of Slate for tho Colonies uotilied Franco, Germany, and other countries which have a bounty on sugar, that a countervailing duty migh^; be imposed on importations from those countries, into Great Britain. And this was done in the interest of the small ls|an4 {4 Jamaica, M '-^mi^iiwaaWMinMiiiiiiiiipiniia tleiicea uf ..i,o * tloHl fnirly » "n-arirt'.ly u» friendly f fiivurahlo ciiil.'ed lur ftiunisli |) iatorcourse titercourso ' «f clone, Canadinu 1 CffiCUIi. 'Inference y to htr ^ittoiicaii *»J priv- ^•nericaii In tho > biforo i'»iis bu people u frto K) per tho iaada past long bein the list ho i'sh II. How then can we doubt what steps will be taken where the intcretta of Canada are concerned. Let us glance at a few other interests afiucted by this discrirainatin;; policy of the United States against CAnadn. For instance, fat cattle are imported into the British Isles to the value of •36,173,680, duty free, at the same time a prohibitory duty prevents the importation of cattle from Canada into the United States. Again, bacon in imported into the British Isles to the value of 8'2<>,768,125, free of duty. Fresh beef to the value of 923,040,<'>50 was imported free of duty. On these also, the duty if imported into the United States from Canada is prohibitory. Wheat is another article imported into Great Hrit-tin to the value of $65, • 533,850, and flour, to the value of 03^ 116,150, all free of duty, and all of which we Canadians cpuld, in the near future, furnish to Great Britain and still have a surplus for our own consumption and a supply for other countries. The $17,057,705 woith of hams imported into England, free of duty, crmid also be supplied by Canada, as well as the $i3,O32,0;}O worth of leather. Now, if England a free trade country, could bring hereelf to threaten with retaliation the great ci>iintries of France and Germany, in the iaterests of the little Island of JahiiHiba, and in favor of only one industry, viz: sugar, how much more reasonably can we expect her to move where the interests of her greatest colony, Canada, are concerned in favor of those products of which bhe herself is the greatest consumer, and Canada a competing pro- ducer. There cannot be a doubt of the result. Canada is loyal to the corfB to the British Empire, and the peop'C of Great Britain know it, appreciate it, and are proud of it, and day by day the feelings of the people of thf world-wide^ British Empire are growing in patriotic intensity, and manifest- ing themsehes in the direction of strengthening the bonds of trade and commerce within the Empire, ^o that what affocts one part of the Empire, is felt by the whole, and a remedy is quickly sought for and speedily ap- plied. And as in our relutiiuis with the United States, there are many causi'S of friction, ecimomical and commercial, those jars are felt throughout tho Greater Britain, and if c jnimercial ruktraints are the mcvsaary remedy, a discriminatory tariff will be applied as S)>ct'dily as the case demands Throughout this article it is charged that Canada has beeu unworthily treat; ed by the United States and it may be objected that this aspect haa been put too forcibly, but, examine the trade relations between Canada and the United Stages, and perhaps you will agree that the case is not too forci- bly put. In the fiscal year ending .Tune 1898, Canada imported from the United States giK)ds to the value of $41,600,400, free of duty, while of dutiable goods the value was $38,460,000, in all $80,060,400, while the total imports from Canada into the United States were only $35,407,578. more than half of which were the products of the mines. These tigures surely justify the view that our treatment by our American neighbors has not been worthy of thftt Great Nation, or such as her people would approve, should they once beeome seized of the true facts and thoroughly grasp the situation. . . ..^Ui^MA' Iv 10 HAY. Again hay ii imported into England from the U.iitcd State*, du'y free, while the American pe jple exclude Canadian hay from the American market by the prohibitory duty of 14. per ton. This exoeanvo duty of f-l per ton was nnqoeationably frMiued with the iutenti Mi mmii i MHiiw pi i'j ^ i llSUWWP i H H '•.^Juy free, 'oncaij market ^1 14 per ton Canadian ex- ^c^raed, but "^"oW have wtitic study « »«• being I*! abundant accordanee ^o injured ere, and of •bundance, '• No in- '»•, buton c«n people, "^as/araa the duty ©f •entto u», *^ at any ' »uch in. l«gi«)a(or« " -A hoi. w' b(«vjiy »t is not '. ot the uting on f«»w iriil of tb« itionaJ • ap. oti to 1 11 recognizing that some changj must hi made, they would. gladly re- Iduce the duty to $i if Ontario would withdraw its embargo on logs, nf Ontario will not do this, Michigan men, especially the owners of , mills and storekeepers, who supply lumbermen, are prepared to go J the entire way, and have free logs and free lumber." f *'What about Commissioners ?'* I "The United States representatives are of the opinion at the (* present time, replied Mr Hill, "the tide of trade is much in favour of United States. Since the Dingley Bill has been in operation the United States has bought little from Canada, while Canada has con- i tinued to buy from the United States. Canada insists on this lum- ' ber clause, and the Commissioners are disposed to accept it. Of I course before a treaty is finally arranged, interested Senators will ( make a y^reat effort to influence the Commissioners and may be suc- ■ cessful." •'How about the ratification by the Senate?" I asked. •'Whatever the Commissioners recommend the Senate will ap- prove," said Mr. Hill. "That is, unless the treaty is outrageous, which it will not be. The Senate will back the Administration, and Senators are rising above political disputes for foreign matters have now to be dealt with. The United States people understand that somethingof much greater importance than small matters of tariff are involved. It is a matter of good relations between Great Britain and the United States that is the paramount question. The crisis in our affairs is not past. The Phillipines are ours, or will be, but they must be protected. The United States needs assistance. The natural ally is Great Britain, and friendly relations must be main- tained. The people of our country are satisfied simply with an un- derstanding with Great Britain." WANT €AXAUA'I» EiUMBEB. SIGNIFICANT DISCUSSION OF BOSTON TIMBER MERCHANTS. Boston, Mass., Decembers. — At the monthly meeting of the Massachusetts Wholesale Lumber Dealers' Assotiation in this city last evening, one of the subjects to which careful attention wasgiven by the members present was "Reciprocal trade with Canada from the lumberman's point of view," which was interestingly treated by W. R. Chester. He pointed out that the enormous amount of lum* b^P that is being used for manufacturing purposes in this country, particulat-ly for supplying the Immense and steadily increasing de- mand for wood pulp paper, is fast discemlnating the forests of the United States. In New England and New York alone the amount of spruce used in paper manufacturing now amounts to 650^000,000 feet a year, while from Maine to Michigan, inclusive, all except the ooarser qualities of pine have been practically used up. Under these \ \ «• circumstances he felt that the hour had arrived when the rapid de- struction of the forests of the United States should be stopped, and what was left of them carefully husbanded. This necessary policy in tiic face of the continuous demand for lumber of all kinds could only be carried out by drawing what is needed for manufacturing purposes from the abundant supply to be found in the forests of Canada. In pursuance of his advice, a resolution was introduced and re- ferred to a special committee stating that the Association favours reciprocity relations with Canada whenever such relations can be established on a fair and equitable basis; that it behooves this asso- ciation to give this subject careful consideiation, as the lumber in- terests of th2 two countries are extensive; and that, owing to the vast amount of spruce now being used for pulp to be manufactured into paper, this wood being considered the most valuable for that purpose, our spruce forests are being rapidly deciminated, while our pine forests have been practically cleared of all but coarse qualities, from Maine to, and including, Michigan. We believe the time has come for us to carefully husband the remaining forests, as the source of future wealth, health and beauty, and to borrow from our neighbor, who still has an abundance. PULiP WOOD. Again we would beg to call your attention to the necessity ofguarding our forests of spruce and other woods used in the manufacture of pulp. It has been computed that in less than five years, the supply of raw materials for producing pulp, will have be- come exhausted in the United States, and the people of that country now secure large supplies of spruce, etc., free of duty from Canada. But the. people of the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec are very properly agitating the question of the imposition of export duties on spruce and other woods affording pulp in order to stimulate the manufacture of that material in Canada. To give an idea of what benefit the production of wood pulp is to the Can- ,adian people, we shall instance a case in each of the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. At Sault St. Marie in the province of Ontario, there is a pulp factory which turns out 60 car loads a day, every pound of which goes to the mother country free of duty, and this factory is now doubling its capacity, so that very shortly it will turn out 120 carloads a day. In the Province of Quebec we will take the town of Grand-Mere. Four years ago this wias a small hamlet of half a dozen houses, to-day, owing to the development there of this jvood-pulp industry, it is a town containing a popula- tion of over 6,000 people. tol ei re it- u " the rapid de- 'estopped, and a" kinds could 'Manufacturing the forests of ^duced and re- lation favours ations can be ^es this asso. >e lumber in- ^^ying to the manufactured ^ie for that ed. while our ■*^f qualities, t"e time has sts, as the •wfrom our ta The product of all bur wood-pulp factories jfoes into the iOther-land, duty free, while the American duty ot J^ of a cent er pound dry weight, makes exportation to the United States rohibitory. . ,. B necessity 'ed in the than five " have be- ' of that ^ of duty tario and ^position »n Order To g-ive ^(•e Can- 'inces of 'ince of day, and it will We will ' small opment 'opula- ty, I VAN A Is H. Nut only duofe Canada as above indicated occupy positions of iinpreg- mble advantage through the bounty of nature, but the Canadian people live expended in the [Mst, and are expending in the present, enormous iilms of money to improve their great waterway via the St. Lawrence to the sea. Our American friends »ho so lightly and carelessly demand from U| the boon of free canals, can have but a slight conception of the extent of our canal system and its cost, and it may be well to treat this subject •limewhat exhaustively. Honorable A. G. Blair, under his very ctiicient and able Management of the Department of Railways and Canals, will have cpmploted in the year 1809 one of the most extensive and important Canal waterways in the world, passing the various ,tretches of rapids down the $t. Lawrence (72 miles of canal in all) connecting the Great Lakes of the |rest with the sea port of Montreal, and with a depth throui^hout of at least 14 feet. The following are details of distances of channels and canals from the Straits of Belle Isle to the Western Lakes : Miles Btrats of Belle Isle to Heath Point 300 •Heath Point to Father Point 302 jFather Point to Quebec ll»0 Quebec to Point duLac 90 Point du Lac to Montreal 70 922 Formerly the river channel between Quebec and Montreal was at several places not over ten feet six inches deep, which barred the passage of large vessels coming from the sea. In 18G9 dredging was commenced and at the close of 1888 the depth reached was 27^ feet, and at present dredging has been com- pleted giving a depth of 29^ feet at . low water, east of Montreal, to deep water. The channel now has a minimum width of 300 feet, ex> tending at many places to 550 feet, and thus dredged is buoyed and lighted. Montreal U hj this «r«>rk plaooil at the he*d of oco»n n*yi- gktion, anJ the cuiil syatoui exteudtuif from M mtreAl wo«tw»nl U intendei tooverooiiij the leveral rapids, that iiiterreiie to obstruct the navj-^atioti of the Great L%k is and the river St. Lkwrence. Ww give the virious .itrutchoi of cjiual so that they may be clearly presented. Montreal to Head of Lichine Canal • H Miles — 930J Ifuinbtr of L ikn, 5 , • . Dimensions i»f Loeka, 270^1 x 45ft. Total rise, or L< ckngo, 45 ft. Depth of Water 1 nt two Locks, 18 ft. oil Sills j at three Locks, 14 ft. ' Mean width of new Canal, 150 ft, This ciial extendi from Montreal to ^Lachine, ovorcominj? L-ichitie R M»i«ls, which are 9 >0i miles from Straits of Belle Islo Head of Lichmo Ciual to foot of Beauhornais Canal 15^ Miles 945^ neaiiliaruoiH Caiiul. Length of Canal Hi Miles Number of Locks, 9 Dimeusiona of Locks, 200 ft. x 45 ft Total rise, or Lockage 82^ ft. Depth of Water on Sills, 9 ft. This canal connects Lak.-s St. L'juis and St. Francis, and pistes three rapids, th^ Cascades, the Cedars and the Coteau. The Sjulanjjes Canal on the north side of the river replaces the TJeauharuois Canal, built at an enormous cost, giving new Canal System, 14 ff. of wa er on sills, to be completed, in 18J9, with the St. Lawrence canal System. Head of Bjauharnois Canal to the foot of Cornwall Canal J Cornwall Canal. Length of Canal, Lni Total Lon 11 Number of Locks 6 Dimensions of Locks, 270 ft. x 46 f t. Total rise, or Lockage, 48 ft. Depth of water on SUls, 14 ft. We might say that opposite this canal is the tecminua of the lotematioaftl Waterway down the tirv St. Lawrence, the boua . ■ Nai »• 1 Din r t i I Tot Miles 1 ^ 9891 . 1 H- Miles 1 1000} 1 L I ^ . ,: ■ '■"•^"•■■Miia mmmm mmm n*Ti. w*nj e to St. ih^j -. Hk Afile. — • 930^ tlo i5| Mile* ^H Mile, -- 967 15 ty line bstwMn the United Stetee «nd Cennda, commeneei oh south eide of the river 8t Lawreooe, here, and ram eonth t, inUnd. dividing the east end of New York Sute, Vermont l||id Maine from Oenadien Territorj, end • very large portion of rritory running all the way through to the Gulf, including a rge portion of the Province of Quebec, New Brunswick, and ova Scotia arc all on the south side of the river St Liwrence. t [ead of Cornwall Canal to foot of Farran's Point Canal FArrairs F*i«t CabaI. ■ngth of Canal, [Number of Locks I Dimension of Lock, 850 ft. x 45 ft. Total riie or Lockage, 3^ ft. Depth of Water on Sills. 14 ft. Head of Farran's Point Canal to toot of Rapide Plat Canal 6 Miles -loan 3 Miles -lOOGi 10^ M.laS —1017 i Miles • 089f Miles lOOOf Kapiiltf) Plat Camnl. Length of "Canal, Number of Locks, 2 Dim4|nsion of Locks, 270 ft. x 45 ft. Total rise, nr Lockage, 11^ ft. Depth of Water on Sills. 14 ft. Head of Rapide Flat Canal to foot of Galops Canal Gal«p« Canal. Length of Canal, Number of Locks, 2 double locks Dimensions of Locks, one 850 ft. x 45 ft one, 300 ft x 45 ft Total rise, or Lockage, 15^ ft. Depth of Water on Sills, 14 ft. Head of Qalops Canal to Prescott, 4 Miles -I02i 4i Miles —1025^ 7i Miles —1033 8 Miles -1041 Ronning through the North Channel on the Improved Canal System giving deep water on the North side of the river St Lawrence. 16 rrescott furnikhea » harbnur e<|UHl to any in th« worid giving a clear watorway of 10 miles in l.-njffh, 1 mile in width and and water from 18 tt. to GO ft in depth. Preacott to the foot of VVolUod C.inul, Port Dalhouaie, 230 MiI«B 1271 ■ Wellaiid Canal. • Main Waterway from Port Dalhouaio, Lake Ontario, tp Port Colborne, Lake Erie. There ia a double syatera over part of this waterway a ' portion of the old ayatem being atill in uao. *' Length of enlarged new canal Pairs of Guard Gates, 2 Number of Locks l^^^'\ \ I Guard Dimensions of Locks, 270 tt. x 45 ft. Total rise, or Lockago 326} ft. Depth of Walor on Sills, 14 ft. 2(!} Mile« — llfyT} {*.•..- This system of canal waterway requires Feeders from ditferent sourcts as follows: hi T0I H< % Wcllaiid lllver Branehes. Length of Canal-Port Robinson cut to River Welland 2C22 ft. From the canal at Welland, to the river via lock at Aqueduct 300 '• Chippawa cut to river Niagara 1020 Number of Locks, one at Aqueduct and one at Port Robinson 2 liimensions of Locks, 150 ft x 26^ ft Total Lockage from the Canal at WeHand down to river Wei- land 10 ft. Depth of Water on Sills, 9 ft Grand Hirer Feeder. Length of Canal, Number of Locks, 2 Dimensions of Locka / ^ of ^50 ft. x 26^ ft. -,, . Uof 200ft i46ft Total rise, or Lockage, 7 to 8 ft. ' ' Depth of Water on Sills, 9 ft 21 Miles !'MJ»-it' duce their Government to establish the same kin Head of Bois BUnc laland Range 2 lights. Limekiln Crossing Range 2 lights. St Claire River Corunna Range £ lights. 19 n maiotained ••dian waters 'ko Erie and occ««ione th© ''ith requests ' 'he •, eciil "ntl Jed the »^eo. in the the Lake*, ^ners, to in. >ce then the St M«ry'a river Snilor'i encampment lower range 2 lights. Rain's Wharf Range 2 lights. Sailor s encampment upper range 2 lights. East Neebish upyter range 2 lights. SHult Ste Marie Oovernnu nt wharf light. Lower entrance of cjinal range 2 li^rhts. Upper entrance of canal range 2 lights. Fen not only the canals but all navigable waters. So that a vessel of the United States could loul at, s/ty Tot Arthur in the Province of Ontario and deliver her cargo at the Port of Prescott in the Province of Ontario as freely aa if said vessel took on its cargo at Chicago and delivered it at Ogdensburg in New York state, with a similar privilege of course for Cansdian vt>ssels sailing from and to American potts. In this r iieotion it is well to reflect for an instsnt on the enormous cost Canada is pui o each year in facilitating navigation from the Straits of Uelle Tslo to Father Point in the Gulf of St. Jjawrence and fnmi Father Point in the Gulf all around the Bay de Chaleurs, the coist of Nova Scotia and that of ^Kew Birunswick down to the coast of Maine. From and to the points ^ given, eivery point is surmounted with signal stations. Every reef, shoal, or othtr danger to navigation is not only marked on charts mide After surveys by the Dominion of Canada, but at n great annual expense^ b«toys, gas buoys, bell buoys, light houses, and signal stations are roaintaiiied by the Dominion Government. Without these aids to navigation and the dsheries, needless to say, the pursuit of either w«>u>d U come disastrous to those engaged. Take the New England Mackerel tishermen. U, is a WtfU known fact that mackerel are only fit for food when they strikft the waters enclosed by Newfoundland and the (tulf of St. Lawrence. - The New England fisheri|i«n sail out ou the Atlantic, discover shoals of mackerel and follow them uutil. they get into Canadian wiUers before they begin to Citch them. Her* restrictive laws await them, and nlthongh they have the free use of all the l^fore mentioned aidii to uavigtUion, thoee laws found necessary to prot»'ct Canadian fitthermen are a source of irrita* tion and an impediment to the enterprise and. daring of the New Etigland fisbermcti. 'So that it should be tho duty of this co«in|isiiion to do away with all laws that cause irritatio|i or hamper the pursuit of industry in either country. To accomplish this would nee ssitate the abolition of nil coc->ting laws and the free use of American and Canadiaii ports by veuels of either eoun'ry. This would'ttltimatblytie ariadv8rt*ila|6 to 'btith 'nation^; aUhmusth for a \o.nq time io c^me the advthti-^ti wonM be greatly in fjkvo»of tlu» far more naraerotts 0e€ts fljting^ tht Am«rLcau flitg. *.< 22 Let us if posBible have free fish, free lunnber, free canals, free lime and fertilizers, free agricultural products, free lo^rs and rough timber, f tee pulp wood, free products of the mines and free mining machinery, and free coasting. This would give an impetus to the trade of both countries that will be a source of mutual prosperity and a guarnnlee of the continuance of cordial relations. We have not attempted to discuss fully or in detail, the various aspects of the trade question, with which you have to deal, but haye endeavored merely, to make plain the fact, that access to the markets •f the United States, has ceased to be the important factor in the com- mercial prosperity of our country which it was at one time. We be- lieve that a wide measure of Reciprocity would materially benefit the people of both countries, but at the same time, keenly realize that Canada has far greater advantages to offer the United States, than the people of that country have to offer us. We thoroughly appre- ciate the fact, that the trend of the times, and the ver}** apparent possibilities of the future, point inevitably to the conclusion, that, the greater advantages we haye to offer to day will rapidly and con- tinuously increase. We have, in common with all Canadians, viewed with profound satisfaction the manifestations of friendly regard and bcotherly warmth of feeling which recent events have awakened in in our American neighbors towards Her Majesty's subjects in Great Britain and Canada. We have long desired to see the cordial feel- ings which we have cherished for the American people, appreciated and reciprocated. We earnestly desire to see the continuance of the natural afl^ection springing from kin-ship, and the sympathy which our common blood, language, and aspirations creates, solemnly and permanently guaranteed in the form of a satisfactory International Treaty, such as we know, you have so faithfully and intelligently labored to secure, but we share with our American neighbors too much of the trading instinct, which is their leading characteristic, to view with satisfaction, any sacrifice of the material interests of Canada in deference to sentiments however laudable in the abstract. It rests with your American Colleagues and with the Senate of ''the United States to decide, whether a treaty can be consummated, wiiich will permanently secure for their people a National Trade Customer to the north of tlieir international boundary line, who has been valuable as such, in the past, and is capable of becoming and is . anxious to become, a still more valuable trade customer in the future, • or whether on the other hand, that. trade rustomer shall he deliberately driven to rely for the time to come, on the development of her trade 23 with Great Britain, and the securing there, of such preferential treatment, as shall in the near future, transfer to|Caiiada, the lioii'i^ Rhare of the export trade to the British noarkct, now Ireely enjoyed by her American trade rival. The Canadian people fearlessly but with deep interest nwalt the result. They know that any treaty you accede to, must be for their benefit, and that you will exact an adequate equivalent for any con- cessions you may grant. They know that your policy will be in keeping with the elevated and enlightened character of the British Canadian representatives on the Joint High Commissiot.. It was fitting that Great Britain should on such an occasion send as a representative one of her most distinguished sons. It has been fortunate that Canada has been enabled to choose her representatives from amongst the best of her public men, and to secure those pre- eminently qualified to do full justice to her claims, while up-holding her honor and dignity at the international council board. It has been our good fortune, to baye as our leading representative, the Premier of this country, her most brilliant and patriotic citizen and foremost Statesman. Under these circumstances, the expression of our pride in the men whom Canada has sent to meet the distinguished rey^re- sentatives of the Great American Union, is pardonable. The time, the surrounding conditions, and the personnel of the Joint High Com- mission, all favor the framing of a satisfactory treaty. The occasion is one so important In the history of the English-speaking nations, this. interests involved are so mighty, the results must be so far- reaching, that we have presumed to exerpise the privilege of our citizenship, in expressing to you our views. We fully reali'-ce how crudely these views have been expressed. We trust that you will pardon our inability to present them in a manner, more in accordance with the occasion and with the able and distinguished character .1 those to whom this pamphlet is addressed. , We earnestly and reyer endly pray that your high and noble mission may be crowned by Providence with the success it deserves, and which the interests of international advancement in the path of harmony progress aind prosperity, seem so imperatively to' demand." ^ -EDWARD SMITH, - '/ ^ , Chairman of Committee