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His Majesty has been pleased to command that, with the view of doing the fullest justice tp Begi<- ments, as well as to Individuals who have disr tinguished themselves by their Bravery in Actioi^ with the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Begiment in the British Army shall be pub^ lished under the superintendence and direction of the Adjutant-General ; and that this Account shall contain the following particulars, viz.:—-' t~s--: — The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of the Begiment ; The Stations at which it has been from time to time employed ; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any Achieve- ment it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. The Names of the Officers, and the number of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the place and Date of the Action. / ^ 11 GENERAL ORDERS. — — The Names of those Oflficers who, in con- sideration of their Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks of His Mtljei^y*s gracious favour. The Names of all such OflScers, Non-Com- missioned Officers, and Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in Action. AH .a. w . ' ■ ' • ' The Badges and Devices which the Begi- ment may have been permitted' to bear, and the Catises on Account of which such Judges or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, hdve beeh granted. '.! \\.\X '.X. '■>.;.'' ■^- By Command of the Bight Honorable GENEBAL LOBD HILLi i- , ,. ., Ccnrnnanding-in- Chief. -.fn.:;; ■■ : John Macdonald, 1: At^ant-General. I - -■ _ - ■ .V : •"- '■■ ;-:> ■ : ,'''■> ,..■-. v.; 1^ ii.^i 5 J'f ( "i ) % , * , M ? * *,. ' T A W I 1 > ,.,- p. PREEACE. . ( ... ..I .'. jK ,11-:; 1 1. l!,- .1. ■ .fl li!l The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. ' ' * * k. . .,j ... Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have preceded him in their honorable career, are among the motives thitu have given rise to the present publication. * The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the " London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute a2 PREFACE. of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have been in the hab;t of conferring on the Com- manders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery ; and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most highly prizes. It has not, however, until late years, been the prac- tice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services and achievements.. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtain- ing, particularly from the old Regiments, an au- thentic account of their origin and subsequent services. This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall, in future, keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties and privations which chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and where these pursuits have, for so PREFACE. w. 7 long a period, being undisturbed by the presence of waff which few other countries have escaped, com- paratively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or no interval of repose. ,, ,•■: ^. :..-:,,. . , .... ;-.; In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country derives from the industry and the enter- prise of the agriculturist and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor, — on their sufferings, — and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. , ; y, , / , The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties ; and their character has been established in Continental warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have main- tained their advantages against superior numbers. In the official Reports made by the respective Com- manders, ample justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the Corps employed; but jthe details of their services and of acts of individual VI PREFACE. bravery can only be fully given in the Annals of the various Regiments. * ' These Records are now preparing for publication, under his Majesty's special authority, by Mr. Richard Cannon, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant General's Office ; and while the perusal of them can- not fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and information to the general reader, particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or are serving, in the Army, an Esprit de Corps — an attachment to everything belonging to their Regiment ; to such persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood " firm as the rocks of their native shore :'* and when half the world has been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with un- shaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements in war, — victories so complete and sur- prising, gained by our countrymen, our brothers, PREFACE. VU of the our fellow citizens in arms, — a record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the public. Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished Officers will be introduced in the Records of their respective Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testify- ing the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct num- ber, so that when the whole shall be completed, the Farts may be bound up in numerical succession. •U 1v '(%'■ ■* >.-. '■iU t\yta.Mw::^{'u m A> fX frr'i '.i >!• n'.'i! '^K^-^i.lki^ u !'■-' ^^ \^:>',''.WZ4\. . 'V- . t .. k ,\ : .i W-i *fc> »i .);■:.! Ui i'' u^,;, -- it^^,^.- 'i'iu ■ iU Jii •xs'V'i. Jiiff 1.^,^, i, f; /:, I ^» ;•' ;.!; d.-.Tv ... -'t' f! i rV ■I J:i>'^' Ca INTRODUCTION 90 THE INFANT'RY. The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been celebxated for innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority of the British troops over those of other countries has been evinced in the midst of the most imminent perils. History con- tains so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is Intrepidity. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England when their country was invaded by Julius Caesar with a Roman army, on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to attack the Roman soldiers as they de- scended from their ships; and, although their dis- cipline and arms were inferior to those of their adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated the flower of the Roman troops, in- cluding Caesar's favourite tenth legion. Their arms .consisted of spears, short swords, and other weapons of rude construction. They had chariots, to the m INTRODUCTION axles of which were fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blades, and infantry in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit or retreat, sprang into the chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. These inventions were, however, unavailing against Caesar's legions: in the course of time a military system, with dis- cipline and subordination, was introduced, and British courage, being thus regulated, was exerted to the greatest advantage; a full development of the national character followed, and it shone forth in all its native brilliancy. stg'i^csv^ -^ The military force of the Anglo Saxons consisted principally of infantry: 'Thanes, and other men of property, however, fought on horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The former carried lai^e shields armed with spikes, long broad swords and spears ; and the latter ..were armed with swords or spears only. They had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and javelins. -'' '*'•'■' '"'- -■'■■—=•■ The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted (as already stated in the Intro- duction to the Cavalry) almo&t entirely of horse ; but when the warlike barons and knights, with their trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a pro- portion of men appeared on foot, and, although these were of inferior degree, they proved stout- hearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When stipen- diary troops were employed, infantry always con- stituted a considerable portion of the military force ; TO THE INFANTRY. %\ and this arme has since acquired, in every quarter of the globe, a celebrity never exceeded by the armies of any nation at any period. The weapons carried by the infantry, during the several reigns succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, that it wa« almost impossible to slay them. The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive purposes of war, in the early part of the fourteenth century, produced a change in the arms and equipment of the infantry-soldier. Bows and arrows gave place to various kinds of fire-arms, but British archers continued formidable adversaries; and owing to the inconvenient construction and im- perfect bore of the fire-arms when first introduced, a body of men, well trained in the use of the bow from their youth, was considered a valuable acqui- sition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth century. ^-.^^ ./;•"! ^ During a great part of the reign of Queen Eliza- beth each company of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways ; in every hundred men forty were " men-at-arms^^ and sixty " shot ,•" the " men-at-arms" were ten halberdiers, or battle- axe men, and thirty pikemen ; and the " shot" were twenty archers, twenty musketeers, and twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides his principal weapon, a sword and dagger. ••*. m INTRODUCTION Companies of infantry varied at this period in numbers from 150 to 300 men ; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of formation re- commended by an English military writer (Sir John Smithe) in 1590 was : — the colour in the centre of the company guarded by the halberdiers ; the pike* men in equal proportions, on each flank of the halberdiers: half the musketeers on each flank of the pikes ; half the archers on each flank of the mus-^ keteers, and the harquebusiers (whose arms were much lighter than the muskets then in use) in equal proportions on each flank of the company for skirmish- ing.* It was customary to unite a number of com- panies into one body, called a Regiment, which frequently amounted to three thousand men: but each company continued to carry a colour. Nume- rous improvements were eventually introduced in the construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found impossible to make armour proof against the muskets then in use (which carried a very heavy ball) without its being too weighty for the soldier, armour was gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seven- teenth century : bows and arrows also fell into dis- use, and the infantry were reduced to two classes, viz.: musketeers^ armed with matchlock muskets, * A company of 200 men would appear thus : — 4. 20 20 20 30 2K) 30 20 20 20 Harqaebiuet. Atchen. Muskets. Pikes. Halberds. Pikes. Muskets. Aichers. Harquebuses. The musket carried a ball which weighed ^th of a pound ; and the harquebus a ball which weighed y^th of a pound. TO THE INFANTRY. Xlll swords, and daggers ; and pikemen, armed with pikes from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords. In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men ; he caused the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, or in small wooden bandoliers, each contain- ing a charge, to be made up into cartridges, and carried in pouches; and he formed each regiment into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division ci' pikemen. He also adopted the practice of form- ing four regiments into a brigade ; and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to three in each regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen and Austrian cuirassiers; and his armies became the admiration of other nations. His mode of formation was copied by the English, French, and other European states ; but . so great was the prejudice in favour of ancient customs, that all his improvements were not adopted until near a century afterwards. , *. In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea- service, styled the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually consisted of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light firelocks. In this year the King added a com- pany of men armed with hand-grenades to each of the old British regiments, which was designated the " grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived as to fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets ^- ^ . INTRODUCTION similar to those at present in use were adopted about twenty years afterwards. ' < * « ' » > « - An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order of King James II., to guard the artillery, and was designated the Royal Fusiliers (now 7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did not carry pikes. v f :King William III. incorporated the Admiral's regiment in the second Foot Guards, and raised two Marine regiments for sea-service. During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (ex- cepting the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 musketeers; the captains carried pikes ; lieutenants, partisans ; ensigns, half-pikes ; and Serjeants, halberds. After the peace in 1697 the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on the breaking out of the war in 1702.* During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword ; the grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand gre- nades ; and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour : the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the Army in this reign. About the year 1745, the men of the battalion companies of infantry ceased to carry swords ; during ■1 * The 30th, Slst, and 32nd Regiments were formed aa Marine corps in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign of Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and in its subsequent defence in 1704 ; they were afterwards employed at the siege of Barcelona in 1705. TO THE INFANTRY. XT the reign of George II. light cOBipanies Were added to ittfkntry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the seven years' war. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have been limited to the musket and bayonet «ltnltr. »V >.'!$' .?/■ ;?>!•;.'■ "' iil- 11 ■ «s;: .\iiif -A"* t,''V:;t /W ,Mt > Km -y "■■■'■ ft HISTORICAL RECORD or TBI SEVENTY-SECOJiD REGIMENT, ««. THE DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN lIIGnLANDEtS; OOlCTAIIflNO AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATfON OF THK RKOIMK.>T IN 177K, AND OF ITS 8DBSEyL'L;T iJERYICES V TO 18A8. OOMPILID Vt RICHARD CANNON, Esq. ADJCTANT-OEMERAL's office, HC aSE ai7ABD>< I LLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. LONDON : PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PAKKEIl, ./ 30 CHARING CROSS. M IKCC XLVIII. . fi'/Zv-J^:-:-'^ .^i^-y'/-. .«•?«. a ,-^;"^. I I ir w tOKSOMi PBINTSD BY W. CL0WI8 AHD iOMS, STAMrOBS 8TBUT, rOB HEB majiitt'i stationibt offici. THE SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT, OB '._ ^■',._._,_ l.-'E DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN HIGHLANDERS, B>AM ox m MOIMltMIAt COLOUR TUB DUKS'tl CIPHER AND CORONET AS A BSOINENTi^L badge; AUOXHIVOHD ♦• HINDOOSTAN," IN COMMEMORATION OF ITR nRVIOM IN TBE EAST INDIES FBOH 1781 TO 1798 ; AMD THE WOBM "CAPE OF GOOD HOPE," IN COMMEMORATION Off IT! SERVICES AT TBE CAPTtmE Ot THAT COLONY ZN isoe. SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN HIGHLANDERS. ( « > -v^ CONTENTS OF HISTORICAL RECORD. Y«A« Introduction 1778 Formation of the Regiment The Earl of Seafurth appointed Lieutenant- Colonel Commandant .... Officers appointed to Commissions . . Establishment and National Composition . Assembled and inspected at Elgin . . Marched to Edinburgh .... Embarked for Jersey and Guernsey . 1779 Defended Jersey against a French Naval force 1781 Embarked for Portsmouth .... ^for the East Indies . . The Earl of Seaforth. died on the passage . Casualties on the voyage to India . . . 1782 Arrived at Madras 1783 Joined the army destined for the attack of Cudalore. .... • Attack of the fortress of Cudalore • . Peace concluded with France . Decease of Hyder Ali, and succession of his son, Tippoo Saib Negotiations of Peace with Tippoo Saib , Paoi X.N\ill 1 2 a 4 6 6 1 8 9 XXVI CONTENTS. YiAm 1783 Decease of Colonel Humberston • -— Major General James Murray appointed Lieut. Colonel Commandant .... — — Advanced into the Mysore country . Capture of the fortress of Falacatcherry . ■ Capture of the fortress of Coimbetore 1784 Termination of the War in India 1 785 Re-formation of the Regiment by volunteers from other Corps .... 1786 The numerical title altered from Seventh-eighth to the Seventy-second Regiment . 1787 Establishment increased 1789 War with Tippoo Saib recommenced. 1790 Marched to. Trichinopoly . . Advanced to Caroor, and encamped . Marched to Daraporam .... Thence to Coimbetore .... Flank Companies of Seventy-first and Seventy' second Regiments engaged in the siege of Falacatcherry Advanced from Coimbetore to Velladi Returned to Coimbetore . — — Capture of Falacatcherry . Advanced from Coimbetore to Erroad Traversed extensive districts in pursuit of tlie Sultan Tippoo Saib Returned to the Camatic . Arrived and encamped at Arnee. . 1791 General the Earl Cornwallis assumed the mand of the army ... . . Advanced to Vellore .... Traversed the pass of Mooglee . Marched towards the fortress of Bangalore Storming and capture of Bangalore . -— — Received the thanks of Earl Cornwallis com Pam 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 CONTENTS. ZXVll YlAB 1791 1792 1798 1794 1795 Joined by the Nizam'g Troops . Advanced towards SeriDgapiuiam . Returned to Bangalore .... Storming and capture of Savendroog. ■ of Outra-Durgum . Again completed by recruits from Scotland Marched for Seringapatam . . « . Orossed the Lolcany River .... Victory over the army of Tippoo Saib . Terminationof the War .... Marched from Seringapatam to Wallajabad Proceeded against Fondicherry . Returned to Wallajabad .... Mi^or General A. Williamson appointed to the Colonelcy in succession to General Murray, deceased ......... Embarlced from Fort St. George, and proceeded against Ceylon Siege and capture of Trincomalee . • Surrender of Batticaloe of Manaar 1796 1797 1798 -of Colombo 1801 1802 1808 1804 1805 Removed to Fondicherry ..... Embarlced at Madras for England Arrived at Gravesend and proceeded to Scotland Authorised to bear the word " ffindoostan" on its Colours and Appointments . . . Mtgor General James Stuart appointed to the Colonelcy in succession to Gren. Williamson, deceased . Embarked for Ireland ...... Establishment reduced after the Feaceof Amiens War with France recommenced .... Second Battalion formed in Scotland . . . First Battalion formed part of an expedition under General Sir David Baird . Paoi 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 80 81 32 33 83 34 35 36 xxviii <50NTBNTS. YlAK 1805 1806 *i 1807 1809 1810 1814 1815 1816 1817 Arrived in the Bay of Funchal in Madeira . 87 Sailed to the Brazils, where the troops were landed at Sti Salvador for a few hours for ■ refreshment — Proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope . . — Effected a landing at Lospard's Bay ... 88 Advanced against the Dutch troops . . .89 Expression of thanks and compliments to the Highland Brigade 40 Authorised to bear the words " Cape of Good Kope" on its Colours and Appointments . 41 Surrender of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope to the British Crown .... 42 Stationed at Cape Town for three years . , — Discontinued the Highland Costume ... 48 Second Battalion embarlced for Ireland . . — Marched from Cape Town to Stellinbosch . — Formed part of an Expedition with troops from India against the Mauritius .... — Surrender oS the Mauritius .... — Remained at the Mauritius upwards of three years . . • —^ Embarked for the Cape of Good Hope . . 44 Appointment of Lieut.> General Lord Hill to * the Colonelcy, in succession to General Stuart, deceased 45 Embarked for Bengal ...... 46 Be-embarked for the Mauritius. ... — ■ Proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope . . — Disbandment of the Second Battalion . . — Appointment of Major-General Sir George Murray to the Colonelcy, in succession to ■ General Lord Hill, removed to the Fifty- second regiment ...... 47 Proceeded to Algoa'bay, and engaged in detach- ments against the Kafirs ... . — >- CONTENTS. XXlX 1819 Detachment engaged with a party of Kafira; Captain Gethin killed . . • . . 48 1821 Embarked for England 49 1821 Received the thanks of the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope >— 1822 Arrived at Portsmouth — 1823 Proceeded to Jersey and Guernsey ... — Appointment of Lieut.-General Sir John Hope to the Colonelcy, in succession to Lieut.- General Sir George Murray, removed to ' ^ the Forty-second Royal Highland Regiment — Authorised by King George IV. to resume the Highland Costume, the Officers and men wearing Trews instead of KiltSf and to bear the title of " The Duke ef Albany's own Highlanders" 50 1824 Embarked for Plymouth — Authorized by King George IV., to assume as - a regimental badge, the Duke of Albany*s J Cipher and Coronet — Embarked for Scotland — 1825 Presentation of New Colours . . . . 51 Embarked for Ireland ...... 52 1827 Formed into six Service Companies and four Depdt Companies — -i — Service Companies embarked for Liverpool, and marched to London — ^ 1 828 Reviewed in St. James's Park ■ . . . . ~^ Marched to Canterbury, and inspected by General Lord Hill, Commanding in Chief . 53 ■ Embarked for the Cape of Good Hope . . — 1830 Dep6t Companies removed from Ireland to Scotland — 1833 Service Companies engaged in war with the Kafir tribes — XXX CONTENTS. YsAS. Pa«i 1835 Depdt Companies proceed to Ireland. . • 55 1838 Service Companies continued on active service at the Cape of Good Hope .... — Depdt Companies returned to Scotland • . — 1840 Siervice Companies returned to England . . 56 Service and Depdt Companies re-united . . — Expression of approbation of the conduct of the Regiment by the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope — 1841 Proceeded from Portsmouth to Windsor . . 67 1842 Presentation of New Colours by Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington, at Windsor Castle, in presence of Her Majesty Queen ; Victoria, the Prince Albert, the King of , Prussia, &c. — ■ ' - Marched into Lancashire 60 1843 Embarked for Ireland — 1844 Formed into six Service, and four Depdt Com- panies — ServiQC Companies embarked for Gibraltar . — 1847 Depdt Companies removed from Ireland to Scotland — 1848 Service Companies embarked for the West Indies ........ ->- Arrived at Barbadoes ...... 61 Depdt Companies embarked from Scotland . — Arrived at Sheerness — — — The Conclusion ....... — CONTENTS. XXXI SEVENTY-SECOND IL >IMENT, OR DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN HIGHLANDERS. SUCCESSION OP LIEUTENANT-COLONELS COMMANDANT AND COLONELS. Y«A« Pam 1777 Kenneth, Earl of Seaforth . . . . . 63 1782 Thomas F. M. Humberaton . . . . — 1786 James Murray 65 1794 Adam Williamson 66 1798 James Stuart 67 1815 Rowland Lord Hill 69 1817 George Murray 70 1823 John Hope . — 1836 Colin Campbell 71 1847 Neil Douglas 72 PLATES. Costume of the Regiment .... to face t Colours of the Regiment „ 62 INTRODUCTION TO TUB SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. Ab several corps have, at successive period?, within the last century, been borne on the es- tablishment of the Army, and numbered Seventy- second regiment, it is considered necessary to prefix to the Historical Record of the services of the Regiment, which at present bears the title of the ** Seventy -second Highlanders^** the following explanatory details, in order to prevent the blend- ing, or misconception, of the merits and services of corps which, although bearing the same nu- merical title, have been totally distinct and unconnected. y:''^. t/'. ; 1. — In April, 1768, the Second Battalions of fifteen regiments of infantry, from the 3rd to the d7th, were directed to be formed into distinct regiments, and to be numbered from the 61st to the 75th successively, as shown in the following list, viz.: — • . ! , ' XXXIV INTRODUCTION TO THE 3nd Batt. 8rd Foot, constituted u 61it Regimont. ,, 4th M 62nd ,, , , 8th M 63rd , , ,, nth u 64th ,, , , 12th u 66th , , 2nd Batt. 19th Foot, constituted u 66th Regiment. , , 20th M 67th , , , , 2Srd M 68th , , , , 24th M 69th , . 31st M 70th , , The Second Battalion of the S2nd waa constituted the 71st Regiment, », .. 88rd ,, ,, the 72nd ,, ,, ,, S4th ,, ,, the78rd ,, ,, .. 36th ,, „ the 74th ,, M . , 37th , , , , the 76th , , The above 71st, 72nd, 73rcl, 74th, and 75th regiments M^ere disbanded in the year 1763, after the peace of Fontainebleau. The Seventy-second Regiment, formed in 1758, was constituted, as above shown, from the Second Battalion of the Thirty-third regiment, and Major General the Duke of Richmond was appointed the colonel. It was disbanded on the 29th of August, 1763. 2. — On the commencement of the American war in 1775, additional forces were raised, and the number of the regular regiments of infantry, which had been reduced in 1763 to Seventy^ was increased to One Hundred and Five, exclusive of 1 1 unnumbered regiments, and 36 independent companies of invalids. In the year 1777* a corps was authorised to be raised at the expense of the town of Manchester, consisting of ten companies of one hundred men per company; it was numbered the Seventy-second SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. XXXV Regiment, or Royal Manchester Volunteers, com- manded by Colonel Charles Mawhood, and was placed on the establishment of the army in Decem- ber, 1777. The Regiment embarked at Portsmouth for Gibraltar on the 28th April, 1778, and was employed in the memorable siege of that fortress from 1779 to 1782, and continued on duty in that garrison until th • early part of the year 1783, when the Spaniards abandoned their attempts to regain possession either by force or stratagem. The regiments at Gibraltar were relieved in the spring of 1783, and the Seventy-second Regiment, to which Major-General Charles Ross had been appointed, in October, 1780, in succession to Colonel Mawhood, deceased, returned to England in 1783. The number of infantry regiments was again reduced in 1783, after the termination of hostilities with America, by the treaty of peace concluded at Paris on the 30th of November, 1782, and when peace had also been concluded with France, Spain, and Holland ; the Seventysecondy or Royal Manchester Volunteers^ was disbanded on the 9th of September, 1783. .1 3. — The disbandment of certain regiments after the conclusion of the general peace in 1783, oc- casioned an alteration in the numerical titles of certain regiments, which were retained on the reduced establishment of the army : the Seventy- c XXXV 1 INTRODUCTION. third was directed to be numbered the Seventy- first Regiment ; the Seventy-eighth to be numbered the Seventy- second Regiment ; and the Second Battalion of the Forty-second to be constituted the Seventy-third Regiment. These corps had been raised in Scotland, in 1777> and denominated Highland Regiments. They embarked for India in 1779 and 1781; the alterations took place in 1786 in their nu- merical titles, which were regulated by the dates at which they were placed on the establishment of the Army, viz. : — 7l8t late 73rd Highland Regiment on 19th December, 1777 72nd late 78th , , on 29th December, 1777 73rd late Second Battalion of the 42nd Royal Highland Regiment raised in 1779,and constituted the 73rd Regiment on the 18tb April, 1786. The details of the services of the present Seventy-second Regiment^ or The Duke of Albany's oirni Highlanders^ are contained in the following pages; the histories of the 71st and 73rd Regi- ments are given in distinct numbers. 1848. r&U Jlni&,,,tauS*.Str*«d SEVEITTY SECONB OR BUKE OF ALBANY^ OWN HIGHLLANDIERS . For CjOLnJlona i{ihXaJjRt<~07vls HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE , ; ,.«..- SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT; OR THE DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN HIGHLANDERS. ORIGINALLY NUMBERED AS THE SEVENTY-EIGHTH HIGHLAND REGIMENT ON 11 - FORMATION IN 1778, AND AFTERWARDS NUMBERED THE SEVENTY-SECOND HIGHLAND REGIMENT IN .786. The Highlanders of Scotland have long been cole- 1778 brated for the possession of every military virtue, and the services of the warlike natives of North Britain have been consequently sought by foreign potentates on many and important occasions, when the less martial spirit of the people of other states would not enable them to contend against their oppressors. The achieve- ments of the Scots regiments, which fought in the armies of France and Sweden, and of the celebrated Scots Brigade in the service of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, are recorded in the mihtary histories of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ; and the annals of the last hundred years abound in instances in which the Scots troops in the British army have dis- played, in every quarter of the globe, the qualities of intrepidity, valour, and temperance, which adorn the national character of the natives of North Britain. The Seventy-Second regiment, or Thk Duke cp B ^4 'Mi Si H 2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUE 1778 Albany's own Highlanders, is one of the corps which has performed valuable services to the crown and king- dom; its formation took place in 1778, under the following circumstances : — William, fifth Earl of Seaforth, having engaged in the rebellion of 1715, was afterwards included in the acts of attainder, and forfeited his title and estate. His eldest son, however, became a zealous advocate for the Protestant succession, and supported the government during the rebellion in 1745; his grandson, Kenneth Mackenzie, was permitted to re-purchase the estate from the Crown, — and was created an Irish peer, in J 766, by the title of Baron Ardeloe, in the county of Wicklow, and Viscount Fortrose, in Scotland, — and in 1771, he was advanced to the dignity of Earl op Seaforth, which had been long enjoyed by his ances- tors. The American war commenced in 1775, and the Earl of Seaforth, in gratitude for the favours he had received, made an oiTer to His Majesty, to raise a regiment of foot on his estate, which, in former times, had been able to furnish a thousand men in arms. This offer was accepted in December, 1777; the Earl of Seaforth received a letter of service to raise a regi- ment of foot, of which he was appointed Lieut. -Colonel Commandant, and in January, 177B,' the following officers received commissions : — - • Zwu/.-CSo^.-CommanciEin/, Kbnmbth, Eabl or Sbafobth. I'i I' ilfa;or, James Stuart, (irom Capt. 64th Regt.). ' *e-'i!Vi. -:;,. ii-iHifo ..■ Captaina, -'-.''•- ':<.■ Tho8. F. Mackenzie Humberston George Mackenzie Hugh Frazer Robert Lumsdaine Peter Agnew Kenneth Mackenzie* Hon. Thomas Maitland Charles Halkettt From the Dutch service. f From the Austrian service. SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. Captain Lieutenant, Thomas Frazer. , Lieutenants. 1778 Donald Moody William Suttierland Colin Mackenzie Kenneth Mackenzie Patrick Haggard Thomaa Mackenzie George Inner* Charlei M" uregor David Melville George Gordon Jamei Gualie Jamei Stewart Jamei Finney Aulay M" Aulay Malcomb M°Phcr8on George Mackenzie Charles Gladoning William Sinclair Charles Mackenzie John Campbell James Stewart Robert Marshall Philip Anstruther ^ Kenneth Macrae John M" Innes Ensigns. Staff. Chaplain, Wm. Mackenzie Surgeon, Walters Robert Gordon John Mitchell Ewen M" Linnan George Gordon Adjutant, James Finney Quar.-Mr. George Gunn Tbo ostablishment was to consist of fifty Serjeants, two pipers, twenty drummers and fifcrs, and a thousand and ten rank and file. The men were principally raised from the clan of " Caber Fei/" as the Mackenzies were called from the stag's horns on the armorial bearings of Seaforth. Five hundred men were from the Earl of Seaforth's own estates, and about four hundred from the estates of the Mackenzies of Scatwell, Kilcoy, Applecross, and Red- castle, all of whom had sons or brothers holding com- missions in the regiment : the officers from the Lowlands broughtupwards of two hundred, of whom seventy-four were English and Irish. The clan Macrae had long been faithful followers of the Seaforth family, and on this occasion the nameVas so general in the regiment, that it was frequently designated the regiment of" the Macraei.*' b2 SIfT if ? «a ft HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1778 On the 15th of May the Earl of Seaforth's regi- ment assembled at Elgin, in Moray, amounting to one thousand and forty-one rank and file ; it was inspected by Major-general Robert Skene, adjutant-general in North Britain, and the men were found so remarkably effective and fit for His Majesty's service, that nearly every one was accepted : the corps was placed on the establishment of the regular army under the designation of "Seaforth's Highlanders;" the supernumerary men were formed into a recruiting company, and the regiment received orders to march southward, for the purpose of embarking for the East Indies. It soon afterwards obtained the numerical title of the " Seventv-eighth Regiment." Towards the end of July, the regiment was ordered to Edinburgh Castle ; and on its arrival there, the men began to show symptoms of dissatisfaction ; the result of investigation proved that some of them had not re- ceived their bounty, and that others had contrived to obtain it twice, which was the more easily accomplished in consequence of so many men being of the same name. Full attention being paid to their claims, they em- barked at Leith shortly afterwardb, with much cheer- fulness, being highly gratified in consequence of their commander, the Earl of Seaforth, being about to accompany them on service. The departure of the regiment was however de- layed. The king of France had taken part with the revolted British provinces in North America, and had commenced hostilities against Great Britain ; when the French settlements in Bengal were seized by detach- ments of troops from Calcutta; and Pondicherry was besieged and captured with so little loss, that it did not appear necessary to send additional troops to India at SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. de- the had the ach- was not I. at that time. The regiment was ordered to Jersey and 1778 Guernsey, where it arrived towards the end of Novem- ber, five companies being stationed at each island. On the Ist of May, 1779, a French naval force ap- 1779 proached the island oi Jersey, and made preparations for landing a body of troops in St. Owen's bay ; when the five companies of Seaforth's regiment, with some of the militia of the island, hastened to the spot, dragging some artillery with them through the heavy sands, and opened so well-directed a fire, that the French soldiers returned to their ships, and quitted the coast, followed by several British vessels of war, which inflicted a severe loss on the enemy. The defeat of the enemy's designs on this occasion was in a great measure owing to the zeal and efforts of Major Thomas Frederick Mackenzie Humberston of Seaforth's regi- ment, who had been promoted from captain to second major, on the 22nd of March, 1779. The regiment remained at Jersey and Guernsey 1781 during 1780, and the early part of the following year, in which time, circumstances had occurred in India, which occasioned its removal to that part of the British dominions. Hyder a LI, a soldier of fortune, had risen to the chief command of the army of the ruler of Mysore, and when the rajah died, leaving his eldest son a minor, the commander-in-chief assumed the title of guardian of the young pi'ince, whom he placed under restraint, and seized on the reins of government. Having a consi- derable territory under his control, he maintained a formidable military establishment, which he endea- voured to bring into a high state of discipline and effi- ciency, and he proved a man possessed of activity, courage, and talent. He soon evinced decided hostility 6 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1781 to the British interests in India, and formed a league with the French. Hostilities had also commenced between Great Britain and Holland, and the British troops were employed in dispossessing the Dutch of their settlements in Bengal, and on the coast of Coro- mandel. Thus three powers were opposed to the British interests in India, and Sea?orths High- landers were ordered to reinforce the British army in that country. Towards the end of April, 1781, the regiment was removed from Jersey and Guernsey, to Portsmouth, where it embarked on the 1st of June, for the East Indies, mustering nine-hundred and seventy-five rank and file, all in excellent health. During the passage the Earl of Seaforth died sud- denly in August, and was succeeded in the commission of lieut. -colonel commandant, by Thomas Frederick Mackenzie Humberston, from lieut.-colonel-command- ant of the one hundredth regiment, by commission dated the 13th of February," 1782. 1782 At that period the passage to India occupied about ten months ; the accommodation in the ships was very limited, and the provision issued to the troops not of good quality ; this was attended with serious results, and the regiment lost two hundred and forty-seven men, of scurvy and other diseases, during the passage to India ; which is now frequently performed in less than half the time, and under superior regulations, without the loss of a man. On arriving at Madras in the beginning of April, 1782, the regiment only mustered three hundred and sixty-nine men fit for duty ; the pressure of the service did not, however, admit of delay, and all who were able to march, advanced up the country under the command / . SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. of Licut.-Colonel James Stuart, and joined the army 1782 commanded by Lieut.-General Sir Eyre Coote, K.B.. at Chinclcput, a town and fortress on the north-east bank of '\e Palar river, thirty miles from Madras. Chincleput served as a place of arms, and a>refuge for the natives, during the war with Hyder Ali. The soldiers of the regiment suffered from having been so long on salt provision ; they were also sinewy and robust men, and were more susceptible of the sun's violence than men of slender habits. Sir Eyre Coote ordered them into quarters, leaving the few, who were healthy, attached to M^Leod's Highlanders (now seventy-first regiment) the only European corps then with the army. The men gradually recovered, and in October six hundred rank and file were fit for duty ; their constitutions became accustomed to the climate, and their health and efficiency were afterwards preserved under fatigues and privations calculated to exhaust the physical powers of Europeans when endured under an Indian sun. Six hundred gallant Highlanders appeared in the 1783 field, am^yed under the coloura of the regiment, to engage in Indian warfare, and on the 1 0th of April, 1783, when they joined the army assembling under Major-General Stuart, their appearance excited great interest. This force consisted of the seventy-third, and SEVENTY-EIGHTH Highlanders, the hundred and first regiment, a considerable body of native troops and a detachment of Hanoverians, under Colone^ Wangenheim ; it was destined for the 'attack of the fortress of Cudalore in the Carnatic, situate on the western shore of the bay of Bengal, which had been taken by the French in 1782. On the 6th of June, 1 783, the army took up a position two miles from the town, having its right on the sea, and its left on the ■ll i 8 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1783 Bandipollum hills; the enemy under General Bussy occupied a position half a mile in front of the fort. On the 13th of June a general attack was made on the French line, on which occasion the gallant bearing of the Highlanders was conspicuous, and the ardour and intrepidity they evinced, gave presage of that renown which the two corps (now seventy-first and seventt- second) afterwards acquired. The action commenced about four o'clock in the morning, and was continued until near two in the afternoon, during which time the French were driven from the principal defences on their right. Major-General Stuart designed to renew the attack on the following morning ; but the French retreated into the fortress during the night. The regiment had Captain George Mackenzie and nine rank and file killed ; Lieutenants Patrick Grant and Malcomb M" Pherson, two Serjeants, and twenty* eight rank and file wounded ; two men missing. Major-General Stuart stated in his public de- spatch — " Nothing, I believe, in history, ever exceeded " the hPToism and coolness of this army in general, " which was visible to every one, for the action lasted " from four in the morning to two in the afternoon." The Major-General also stated in Orders: — "The " Commander-in-chief, having taken time minutely to " investigate the conduct and execution of the orders " and plan in attacking the enemy's posts, lines, and " redoubts, on the 13th instant, with the comparative " strength in 'numbers and position of the enemy, " composed almost entirely of the best regular troops " of France, takes this occasion to give it as his opinion " to this brave army in general, that it is not to be " equalled by anything he knows, or has heard of, in " modern history." The conduct of Lieut.-Colonel SEVENTY •SECOND RBOIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. James Stuart of tho rogimunt was commended in the 1783 Major-Oonorars despatch and in Orders. On the morning of the 25th of June the French made a sally from the fortress ; but were repulsed with severe loss ; Colonel the Chevalier de Damas was among tho prisoners taken on this occasion.* The siege of Cudaloro was soon afterwards terminated by the arrival of news from Europe of a treaty of peace having been concluded between England and France. In the meantime Hydor Ali had died, in December, 1782, and was succeeded, in the government of the Mysore, by his son, Tippoo Saib i who, being deprived of his French allies by the peace, entered into nego- ciations for terminating the war between Mysore and the British, and an armistice took place. Colonel Humberston was wounded in an action at sea, on tho coast of India, and died, in his twenty-eighth year, universally lamented, as a young man of superior accomplishments, and of great promise in his profession. He was succeeded, as lieut.-coloncl commandant of the regiment, by Major-General James Murray, by com- mission dated the 1st of November, 1783. Tho regiment was detached from Cudalore, with other troops amounting to about fifteen thousand men, under the command of Colonel Fullerton, and, marching southward, was employed in reducing to obedience several refractory chiefs. The colonel afterwards pur- * Among the French prisonerc waa a wounded young Berjeant of very interesting appearance and manner*, who was treated with much kindness by Lieut,-Colonel Wangenheim, commanding the detachments of Hano- verians. Many years afterwards, when the French army entered Hanover, General Wangenlieiin attended the lev^e of General Bemadotte, who referred to the circumstance at Cudalore in 1783, and added,—" I am the individual who, whtificers and soldiers. Many senior corps having been disbanded, the regi- 1786 ment was numbered, in 1786, the seventy-second foot ; at the same time the commission of licut.- colonel com- mandant was changed to that of colonel ; and in December, 1787, the establishment was fixed at forty- 1787 four officers, and eight hundred and four non-com- missioned officers and s( 'Jiers. Success continued to attend the recruiting of the regiment, and the arrival 1788 of strong healthy young men from Scotland, preserved it in a high state of efficiency, and its discipline and moral conduct were particularly exemplary. 12 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE A4 1 789 The insatiable ambition of Tippoo Sultan, the power- ful ruler of the Mysore, soon involved the British government in India in another war ; he appeared near the confines of the country of Travancore, at the head of a powerful army, made unreasonable demands on the rajah, a British ally, and commenced hostilities towards the end of December, 1 789. 1790 The sevexty-second Highlanders, mustering nearly a thousand officers and soldiers, healthy and accli- mated, pitched their tents on the plain of Trichi- nopoly, where an army was assembled, in the early part of 1790, to exact full reparation of Tippoo Sultan for his wanton and unprovoked violation of treaty in attacking the rajah of Travancore. Major- General Medows assumed the command, and the SEVENTY-SECOND, commanded by Captain Frazer, with the seventy-first, and first East India Company's Euro- ^ pean battalion, formed the second European brigade, under Lieut .-Colonel Clarke; Lieut. -Colonel Stuart of the SEVENTY-SECOND commanded the left wing of the army. Advancing from Trichinopoly plain, on the 26th of May, and penetrating the country of the enemy, the army arrived, on the 1 5th of June, at the fort of Caroor, where the troops encamped eighteen days, while provisions were being collected, and a magazine formed. Leaving this place on the 3rd of July, the army marched to Daraporam, which was abandoned by the enemy ; a garrison was left at this place, and the army marched through a beautiful country in a high state of cultivation, to the city of Coimbetore, which was found evacuated, and some valuable stores left behind by the enemy. On the 23rd of July, Lieut.- Colonel Stuart was detached, with the fourth brigade i SEVENTY-SECOND REOIMEMT OF HIGHLANDERS. 13 of native infantry, a number of pioneers, &c. against 1790 Palacatcherry, leaving the seventy-second at the camp at Coimbetore ; ho was impeded by heavy rains, and, his force proving infitufficicnt for the capture of the place, he rejoined the army. He was afterwards de- tached, with another body of troops, against Dindigal, a strong fortress on a rock, which surreno red on the 22nd of August. Ho was subsequently directed to pro- ceed a second time against Palacatclterry ; and the flank companies of the sevonty-iirst and seventy-second regiments were ordered to traverse the country and take part in the siege, when Captain Frazer of the seventy-second resigned the command of the regiment, for that of the flank companies detached on this ser- vice.* These companies loft Coimbetore on the 6th of September, were Joined by Lieut.-Colonel Stuart's division, at Podoor,t on tho following day, and arrived * " 1790, 5th Sept. Camp at Ck>imbetore.— Dined with Captain Frazer; " he talked of nothing but the Htorm of Palacatcherty. Captain Frazer has " applied for, and obtained, the comtnaud of the four flank companies ; " it is very spirited of him, leaving the command of the regiment, and " volunteering so dangerous a service ; but he was as great as Csesar this " evening, and nothing would serve him but dying in the breach. He " often appealed to me, when speaking of what the grenadiers could do." — Journal of Lieutenant Ronald Campbell, qf the Grenadier Company ^ Seventy-second litgiment, % vol»,,fol, MS. f LiEOTENANT Camphell, of the iKVfChii'tr-SECoND foot, appears to have been delighted with this part of the Mysore: he states in his journal : — " I have never seen any part of India compaiable to the valley " on our right ; it U truly beauttftii beyond conception ! The hills that " bound it ibrm an amphitheatre, covered with wood, except where a " rugged precipice or stupendous rock shows itself, and water&lls en- <' rich the scene. The valley is covered with delightful verdure, and " luxuriant crops, interspersed with clumps of the stateliest trees in the " world, bearing a charmingly variegated foliage ; and beneath their " shade, small houses, built of cajan-leaf and bamboo, afford shelter to " the cow-herds who tend their flocks and watch their fields. Number- " less villages are strewed in the valley, and everything bears the mark '* of peace and plenty. The inhabitants are protected by us, and as we " passed, we saw in every Held the busy husbandmen reaping the fruits m u HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1790 on the 10th, before the fortress of Palacatcherry, which had been strengthened and improved since its capture in 1783 : the siege was immediately commenced. The regiment remained at Coimbetorc. At that time the army was separated in three divisions ; — one at Coimbetore, one at Sattimungal, sixty miles in advance, and one besieging Palacatcherry, thirty miles in the rear; and Tippoo resolved to attack, and if possible destroy, the division in advance before the main body could arrive to its support; but its commander, Colonel Floyd, fell back and took up his positions in retreat, with so much ability, that the Sultan failed in his object The seventy-second, and other corps, advanced from Coimbetore to support Colonel Floyd's division, and a junction was formed at Velladi, on the 15th of September, when Tippoo retired. On that day the flank companies, commanded by Captain Frazer, were suddenly ordered to make a forced march to Coimbetore : if the enemy had taken the place, to endeavour to re-capture it by surprise ; if it was invested, to force their way into it, and to defend it to the last extremity. The march was commenced at four o'clock in the afternoon, and the flank companies arrived at the gates of Coimbetore of their labour. After coming to our camp ground, I walked out with Captain Braithwaite, and we found the nntilled land covered with brin- gals, yams, and other vegetables, growing spontaneously. On our left hand lie the Animalli woods, famous for their extent and thickness, and for the size, variety, and quality of their trees (teak- wood being in the greatest abundance and perfection) ; also fur the number of wild animals viz. — elephants, tigers, bears, wolves, and the wild-boar, with a numerous tribe of the rarest birds — peacocks in great numbers. Wild elephants are so numerous, that when Tippoo was here, about four months since, he caught, as we are told, seventy of them. We are encamped on the ground he occupied ; I can trace the place where, they say, his own tents stood." SEVENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 15 at half past two o'clock on the following morning; the 1790 enemy had not approached the place, and the compa- nies took possession of the fort, Captain Frazer assu- ming the command of all the troops at that place. . Tlie army returned to Coimbetore on the 23rd of September, when the flank companies rejoined the regiment ; and Lieut.-Colonel Stuart, having captured and garrisoned Palacatcherry, arrived on the 26th of that month. Disappointed in his object of destroying the divisions of the British army in detail, the Sultan resolved to attack the chain of deputs; he gained possession of Erroad, and the stores at that place, and afterwards marched southwards. The English army advanced froii' Coimbetore on the 29th of September, and, arriving at Erroad on the 4th of October, found the place abandoned, and Tippoo's army gone. He had marched in the direction of Coimbetore, but, hearing that the garrison was augmented, he advanced rapidly upon Daraporam, of which he gained possession on the 2nd of October. The British army marched in search of the Sultan, traversing extensive tracts of country, and undergoing much fatigue under an Indian sun. In these services the SEVENTY SECOND Highlanders preserved a high state of discipline and efficiency. Lieut. Campbell of the regiment stated in his journal, " We perform our ^' journeys with ease and comfort ; marching is become *' familiar and agreeable to us." In the middle of November the army traversed the difficult pass of Tapoor, winding through deep valleys, and dragging the guns over precipices. On emerging from the pass, Tippoo's camp was seen at a distance ; it was supposed to be that of the Bengal division, under Colonel vv M;> It '. IP t.' K ' 4t 16 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1790 Maxwell, and three guns were fired as a signal, when the Suit; .1 struck his tents and made a precipitate retreat. Colonel Maxwell's division joined two days afterwards, and the seventy-first, seventy-second, and seventy-four ^ regiments were formed in brigade under Lieut.-Colonel Clarke, with six twelve-pounder and six six-pounder guns attached to them. The Sultan resolved to leave the British army in his own country, and to invade the Carnatic, which would bring the English back for the defence of Trichinopoly. Major-General Medows was about to carry offensive plans into execution, when the move- ments of Tippoo rendered it necessary to return to the Carnatic, and the army arrived at the vicinity of Trichinopoly in the middle of December. The Sultan's success was limited to devastations and the capture of a few posts ; he was pursued as far as Trincomalee ; the British army afterwards turned off to Arnee, where the SEVENTY-SECOND regiment arrived on the 12th January, 1791, and was encamped several days. 1791 General Charles Earl Comwallis, K.G., assumed the command of the army, and some alteration was made in the disposition of the troops ; the seventy-second Highlanders, commanded by Captain Frazer, continued to form, with the seventy-first and seventy-fourth regiments, the second European brigade, under Lieut. - Colonel Clarke, in the left wing of the army : Lieut.- . Colonel Stuart, of the seventy-second, commanded the right wing. The army advanced to Vellore, where it arrived on the th of February, 1791. Tippoo was ready to oppose any attempt to penetrate into the country under his dominion by the easiest passes ; but Earl Comwallis contrived the appearance of a march toi 'ards Amboor, which completely imposed upon the SB VENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 17 Sultan, and then turning suddenly to the north, 1791 traveried the difficult pass of Mooglee, without the enomy having power to offer the least obstruction, and arrived on the 20th of February on the table- land of the Mysore. On the 22nd of February the troops commenced their march towards the strong fortress of Bangalore, where Tippoo had built a splen- did palace, with extensive gardens ; and the safety of his harem, &c., so engrossed his attention, that he marched with his army to accomplish the removal of his women and valuables from the palace, and left the English at liberty to con^nue their march unmolested, until they arrived within ten miles of the town. He made an attempt on the baggage on the 5th of March, but was fri?«trated, on which occasion the seventy- second Highlander;:, had a few men wounded : in the evening the army took up a position before the town. On the 7th of March the pettah was stormed by the thirty-sixth regiment, supported by the third brigade of sepoys ; and the siege of Bangalore was immediately commenced. During the night, the seventy-second Highlanders were posted under the outer pettah wall, close to the gate. " The enemy kept up a sharp fire ; " their shots, which were many of them thirty-two " {Mjunders, came very close to the regiment, making a " great rattling in the trees and bamboo hedge, near " the line ; but no casualties occurred."* On the evening of the 10th of March, the regiment was on duty in the trenches, the grenadier company taking the advance post, and many of the men of the other companies working at the batteries; it was relieved on the evening of the 12th. !i" IS 1*1 M mi * Journal of Lieutenant Ronald Campbell, of the Grenadier Company SeveBty-'Second regiment, 2 vols, fol. MS. 18 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1791 During the night of the 1 5th of March, the troops were ordered under arms, in consequence of circum- stances indicating the approach ofTippoo's army; a flight of rockets came into the camp, and the grenadiers of the SEVENTY-SECOND rushed towards the spot from whence the rockets came ; but the Mysoreans fled without waiting the attack. At five o'clock on the following evening the regiment marched into the pcttah, and relieved the thirty-sixth on duty in the trenches. Soon after midnight a crowd of Mysorean musketeers entered the thick jungle near the pettah, and com- menced a sharp fire ; the seventy-second formed behind a mud wall expecting their post to be stormed every moment by thousands of enemies, whom they were prepared to receive with fixed bayonets : but the Mysoreans did not venture on so desperate an enterprise ; many of the soldiers' bayonets were hit by bullets, but not one man injured. On the evening of the 18th the regiment was relieved and returned to camp. At four o'clock on the afternoon of the 20th of March six companies of the regiment marched into the trenches; and on the evening of the following day the regiment was ordered to prepare to take part in storming the fortress ; the grenadier company was to join the storming party appointed to advance by the left approach; the light company that by the right approach, and the battalion companies were formed on the right of the parallel, to support the grenadiers: three of the seventy-second grenadiers joined the forlorn hope under Serjeant Williams of the seventy- sixth regiment. Lieutenant Campbell of the regiment states in his Journal, — " The storming party primed " and loaded, and sat down on their arms; our " batteries, both gun and mortar, kept firing frequently SEVENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 19 " during the evening. At a quarter before eleven we 1791 " got into motion ; an opening was made in the centre " of the second parallel ; the signal for storming was " given (three guns in quick succession), and out we " rushed. The covered way instantly appeared as a " sheet of fire, seconded from the fort, but with no " aim or effect ; our batteries answered with blank " cart'.'idge ; and we were in the covered way in a '' moment, and on the breach as quick as thought. " I pushed on, carried forward by a powerful impulse, " and found myself at the top of the breach with the " front files. The grenadiers immediately turned off " to the right with a huzza ; their progress was " suddenly stopped by an opening ; the fort was hung " with blue lights, a heavy fire was opened upon us, " but with little effect : the diflSculty was overcome, " and our troops ascended the ladders with every " possible expedition. The grandest, and most striking " sight 1 ever beheld, was the rushing up of the troops " to the top of the breach, and the ascent of the " grenadiers in crowds by the scaling-ladders. We " now heard the grenadiers' march beating in every " quarter; our soldiers shouted with joy, and we swept " round the ramparts with scarce anything to oppose " us : every enemy that appeared had a bayonet in " him instantly ; the regiments that supported us *' came in by the gateway, and cleared the town below, " where numbers were killed ; in two hours we were " in thorough possession of the fort, and Lieutenant " Duncan, of the seventy-first regiment, pulled down " the flag and put his own sash in its place. The " union-flag was afterwards hoisted, and the troops " gave three cheers." Very extensive stores were found in the place, particularly of ammunition. The c2 iV y'i A'" . ■Mi 5 m m m fell m ■*' 20 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE i\ I i 1791 kiledar, or governor, was killed while fighting with three grenadiers; he was dressed in a white gown, over which he wore a jacket of quilted purple satin. The regiment had six rank and file killed; one Serjeant and twenty-three rank and file wounded, on this occasion. In the Orders issued on the fiallowing day, it was stated — " Lord Cornwallis feels the most sensible " gratification in congratulating the officers and soldiers " of the army on the honorable issue of the fatigues " and dangers they have undergone during the late " arduous siege. Their alacrity and firmness in the " execution of their various duties has, perhaps, never " been exceeded, and he shall not only think it incura- " bent on him to represent their meritorious conduct " in the strongest colours, but he shall ever remem- " ber it with the sincerest esteem and admiration. " The conduct of all the regiments, which happened, " in their tour, to be on duty that evening, did credit " in every respect to their spirit and discipline ; but " his Lordship desires to offer the tribute of his particular ^^ and warmest praise to the European grenadiers and light " infantry of the army, and to the thirty-sixth, seventv- ** SECOND, and seventy-sixth regiments, who led the attack " and carried the fortress, and who, by their behaviour on '* that occasion, furnished a conspicuous proof, that '' discipline and valour in soldiers, when directed by zeal " and capacity in officers, are irresistible. " Lieut -colonel Stuart (seventy-second regiment) " maybe assured that Lord Cornwallis will ever retain " the most grateful remembrance of the valuable " and steady support which that officer afforded him, " by his military experience and constant exertions to " promote the public service." SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 21 After the capture of the fort, the seventy-second 1791 Highlanders were posted at the breach ; they were relieved on the morning of the 23rd of March, by the fifty-second regiment, and returned to the camp. On the 28th of March, the army quitted Bangalore, to join the forces of the Nizam, sent to co-operate with the English in this war ; and, as the troops approached the ground they purposed encamping upon after the first march, they saw the forces of Tippoo striking their tents, and commencing a precipitate retreat ; when the seventy-first, seventy-second, and seventy-fourth regiments formed line, and advanced, supported by the / native infantry of the first line, but were unable to come up with the enemy. " The nature of the country " at this place, which presents continual ridges at almost " equal distances, made the pursuit particularly inter- " esting ; for every new view we gained of the enemy, " enlivened the soldiers afresh, and occasioned them to " push on with infinite eagerness and ardour."* A fine new brass nine-pounder gun was captured, with a great quantity of cattle and forage ; but the Sultan's army could not be overtaken. Tho Nizam's troops joined on the 13th of April, amounting to about fifteen thousand horsemen, some of them, from AfFghanistan, being celebrated for valour. The army afterwards returned to Bangalore, where pre- parations were made for the siege of Seringapatam, and the army advanced upon the capital of the Mysore, on the 4 th of May. The troops marched through a difficult country destitute of forage, and the cattle employed in conveying stores and baggage died in great numbers ; provision for the troops also became scarce. As the army approached Seringapatam, the Sultan I- n 'Mi m 1 ■ft*' . [ * Journal of Lieutenant R, Campbell. 22 niSTORICAL RECORD OF TUB 1791 resolved to hazard an engagement, and his formidable position was attacked on the 15th of May, when the SEVENTY SECOND Highlanders had another opportunity of distinguishing themselves. The Mysoreans stood the fire of artillery with steadiness, and kept up a can- nonade with much effect, but the instant an attempt was made to charge them with bayonets, they made a pre- cipitate retreat. They were driven from every post ; and towards the close of the action the seventy- second ascended an eminence and captured a round redoubt. The army was thanked in Orders for its gal- lant conduct. The regiment had about twenty men killed and wounded : Captain Braithwaite and Lieu- tenant Whitlie wounded. On the following day, some sharp firing was heard at the advance-posts, when Major Frazer obtained per- mission to proceed to their support with the seventy- second Highlanders ; he afterwards sent the adjutant to Earl Cornwallis to request his Lordship's authority to storm a fortified pagoda, but permission was not granted. On the 18th of May, when the army moved towards the fords of the river. Major Frazer obtained the post of honour for the regiment, in covering the rear, expecting Tippoo would hazard an attack, but no such event occurred. When the army had arrived at the extreme point of its operations, it had sustained the loss of nearly all its cattle from the want of forage ; the supply of provisions for the men was nearly exhausted ; the camp-followers were without food, and the rainy season had set in earlier than had been expected. Under these circum- stances further success was become impracticable ; the battering train and stores were destroyed, and on the 26th of May the troops commenced their march back SEVENTY-SECOND nSOIMBNT OF IIIOHLANOERS. 23 towards Bangalore. Before commencing the retreat, 1791 the soldiers were thanked in Orders fur their conduct throughout those services, and it was added, — •♦ So " long as there were any hopes of reducing Scringa- " patam before the commencement of the heavy rains, " the Commander-in-chief thought himself happy in " availing himself of their willing services ; but the " unexpected bad weather, for some time experienced.. " having rendered tho attack of the enemy's capital " impracticable, until the conclusion of the ensuing " monsoons, Lord Cornwallis thought he should make " an ill return for tho zeal and alacrity exhibited by " the soldiers, if he desired them to draw the guns and " stores back to a magazine, where there remains an " ample supply of both, which was captured by their " valour ; ho did not, therefore, hesitate to order " the guns and stores which were not wanted for field " service to be destroyed." The array retreated to the vicinity of Bangalore, being joined by the Mahratta forces on the march ; and de- tachments were afterwards sent out to reduce several strong hill- forts, which were very numerous. On tho morning of tho 9th of December, the fifty- second and SEVENTY -SECOND regiments, with the four- teenth and twenty-sixth Bengal sepoys, were detached, under Lieut.-Colonol Stuart of the seventy- second, against the fortress of Savendrooff, situate on the side of a mountain, environed by almost inaccessible rocks ;* the troops arrived before the place on the lOth, and during the night tho grenadiers of the fifty-second and SEVENTY-SECOND, with a battalion company from each regiment, supported by the twenty-sixth sepoys. ■^;1.1 uiii Ml * A drawing of thi« fortreii i« given in the Journal of Lieutenant Campbell of the Seventy-Uecoud Highlanders. 21 HISTORICAL RGCOUD OF THE 1791 climbed a stcop hill; traversed sheets of rock; de- scended into a valley by a path so rugged and steep that the soldiers let themselves down in many places by the branches of trees growing on the side of the rock; traversed the valley; ascended a rock nearly three hundred feet high, crawling on their hands and feet, and helping themselves up by tufts of grass, until they attained the summit, where they established them- selves on a spot which overlooked the whole of the fortress, about three hundred yards from the wall. The batteries wore speedily constructed ; the flank compa- nies of the seventy-first and seventy-sixth regiments arrived to take part in the siege; and practicable breaches having been effected, storming-parties paraded on the morning of the 2 1 st of December. The right attack was made by the light companies of the seventy-first and seventy-second, supported by a battalion company of the seventy-second; the left attack by the two flank companies of the seventy-sixth and grenadier company of the fifty-second ; the centre attack under Major Frazer of the seventy-second, by the grenadiers and two battalion companies of the seventy-second, two companies of the fifty-second, the grenadiers of the seventy-first, and four companies of sepoys, supported by the sixth battalion of sepoys; the whole under Lieut-colonel Nisbitt, of the fifty -second regiment. The storming-parties pro- ceeded to their stations ; the band of the fifty-second took post near them, and suddenly striking up the tune Britons strike home, the whole rushed forward with the most heroic ardour. The Mysoreans made a feeble defence, and in less than two hours the British were in possession of the fort, with the trifling loss of five men wounded. The troops were thanked in General Orders, SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF UIOHI^NDERS. 25 for their very gallant conduct, in which it was stated, — 1791 " Lord Cornwali.is thinks himself fortunate, almost " beyond example, in having acquired by assault, a " fortress of so much strength and reputation, and of " such inestimable value to the public interest, as " Savendroog, without having to regret the loss of a " Mingle soldier." Two days after the capture of Savendroog, the troops advanced against Outra-Durgum : they arrived within three miles of the place that night, and, on the following day, summoned the garrison to surrender. Lieut.- Colonel Stuart, observing tiie people flying from the pettah to the fortress on the rock, direc Led the guns to open upon them, and two battalion c >mpanics of the fifty-second and seven t\-8ECwND reg nents, ' ippoiJed by the twenty-sixth sepoys, to attack tho j ;ttah by escalade, which was executed with so mucli apirit, that the soldiers were speedily in post ."s. vm of the to '■a. " Lieutenant M" Innes, senior officer of the two " seventy-second companies, applied to Captain Scott " for liberty to follow the fugitives up the rock, saying " he should be in time to enter the first gateway with " them. The captain thought the enterprise imprac- " ticable. The soldiers of M" Innes's company heard " the request made, and not doubting of consent being " given, had rushed towards the first wall, and were " followed by M° Irnes. The gate was shut : Sut "Lieutenant M" PL( .t va arrived with the pioneers " and ladders, which were instantly applied, and our " people were within the wall, as quick as thought, '' when the gate was unbolted and the two companies " entered. The enemy, astonished at so unexpected an " attempt, retreated with precipitation. M" Innes " advanced to the second wall, the men forced open the v« ■i ■ 'I ,M 26 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1791 " gate with their shoulders, and not a moment was lost " in pushing forward for the third wall ; but the road " leading between two rocks, was so narrow that only " two could advance abreast ; the pathway was, in con- " sequence, soon choked up, and those who carried the " ladders were unable to proceed ; at the same time, the " enemy commenced throwing huge stones in numbers '* upon the assailants, who commenced a sharp fire of '* musketry, and Lieut.-Colonel Stuart, who had ob- '* served from a distance this astonishing enterprise, sent •* orders for the grenadiers not to attempt anything " further. Lieutenant M* Pherson forced his way " through the crowd, causing the ladders to be handed *' over the soldiers' heads, from one to another, and " before the colonel's orders could be delivered, the " gallant Highlanders were crowding over the third *• gateway. The enemy fled on all hands ; the forc- " most of our men pursued them closely, and gained " the two last walls without opposition (there were •* five walls to escalade). The gariison escaped by the " south-east side of the fort, over rocks and precipices " of immense depth and ruggedness, where many must " have lost their lives. By one o'clock, our two com- ** panies were in possession of every part of the fort, " and M° Innes had planted the colours on the highest " pinnacle, without the loss of a single man. The '• Kiledar and two of his people were taken alive. " Colonel Stuart declared the business to be brilliant •'and successful, beyond his, most sangu:ne hopes."* Thus was the important fortress of Outra-Durgum cap- tured by two companies of Highlanders (Major Petrie's, and Captain Hon. William M. Maitland's) of the seventy- BECOND regiment; the officers with the two companies * Lieuteoant Campbell's Journal. SEVENTY SECOND REOIMBNT OF HIGHLANDERS. 27 were Lieutenants M' Inncs, Robert Gordon, 1791 Getty, and Ensign Andrew Coghlan : Lieutenant M' Pherson conducted the pioneers. The whole were thanked in General Orders by Earl Cornwallis, who expressed his admiration of the gallantry and steadiness of the officers and soldiers engaged in this service. The regiment rejoined the army on the 26th of December. Its establishment had been augmented in March of this year to forty Serjeants and a thousand rank and file, and so many recruits had arrived from Scotland that it was ricarly complete. It was con- sidered the most effective corps in the army. The rainy season being over, the army reinforced 1792 the lost cattle replacodi and arrangements made for an abundant supply of provision, the army commenced its march, on the first of February, 1792, for Seringa- patam. The Sultan took up a formidable position to cover his capital, and was attacked during the night of the 6th of February. The following statement of the share the SEVKNTY-SECOND Highlanders had in this engage- ment, is from Lieutenant Campbell's Journal :— The regiment formed part cf the left division under Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell, which advanced to the attack in the following order — Grenadier Company, seventy- second; Light Company, seventy-second, with scaling-ladders; Pioneers; Twenty-third Native In- fantry; Skvbnty-skcond Regiment;' First and Sixth Native Infantry. " We (the seventy-second) moved " from the left along the north side of the ridge of " hills extending from the Carriagat pagoda to the " Cappalair rocks ; by ten at night we found ourselves " near the base of the hill, where the officers were " directed to dismount. When wo were about two " hundred yards from the lower entrenchment, our 1 28 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1792 " grenadiers filed oif from the right with trailed arms, *' a Serjeant and twelve forming the forlorn hope. " When about fifty yards from the works, the sentinel " challenged us, and instantly fired his piece, which " was followed by a scattered fire from the rest of " their party. We rushed among them, and those " who did not save themselves by immediate flight, " were shot or bayoneted. The greatest number of " them ran down to the Carriagat pagoda, where they " made a stand, and kept up a smart fire until we " were almost close to them ; then retired under our " fire to the foot of the hill, where they were joined by " a strong body frou the plain, and made a stand at a " small choultry, from which a flight of steps led to " the bridge across the nulla. By this time the general " attack on the enemy's lines had commenced, and " there was an almost connected sheet of fire from " right to left ; musketry, guns, and rockets rending " the air with their contending noise. We sat upon " the brow of the hill a few minutes, while our men " were recovering their breath, and had a commanding "prospect of the liole attack, though nearly three " miles in extent, as* «.. o contemplated the scene before ** us, the grandest, I suppose, that any person there " had beheld. Being rested a little, Colonel Maxwell " led us down the hill under a smart fire ; we rushed *• forward and drove the enemy across the nulla in " great haste, although they stood our approach " wonderfully. We crossed the bridge under a constant " fire, the enemy retreating as we advanced j we crossed " the Lokany river, the opposite bank of which was " well covered by a bound-hedge, and their fire did " execution : a serjeant of grenadiers was killed, " Captain Mackenzie mortally wounded. Major Frazer ^ SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 29 and Captain Maitland shot through their right arms, 1792 besides other casualties. After we had penetrated the hound-hedge, the enemy took post behind an extensive choultry; but nothing could stop the ardour of our men, — we charged without loss of time, and soon dislodged the enemy, v^ o re- treated along the banks of the Cavery to a second choultry, where their numbers were reinforced. Wo had now got into their camp, upon the right flank of their lines; they retreated steadily before us, and our fire and bayonets did great execution among them, the road being strewed with their bodies. We charged and dislodged them from the second choultry ; here Lieutenant M' Pherson of the grenadiers was wounded ; we pursued the enemy to a large pagoda ; they attempted to cross the river, but the place was so crowded with guns, tumbrils, bullocks, elephants, camels, followers, and heaven knows what, that wo were in the midst of them before they could escape, and for some minutes there was nothing but shooting and bayoneting. Colonel Maxwell came up with the twenty-third native infantry; the sepoys of the fourteenth native battalions advanced ; they took us for the enemy, and fired, but their officers sup- pressed the fire before much injury was done : the seventy-first regiment also joined us, and pre- parations were made to cross the river and force iho lines on the opposite side. Colonel Baird requested me to lead with twenty men ; I instantly rushed into the stream, followed by twenty grenadiers of the SEVENTY-SECOND regiment ; we pushed on through holes, over rocks and stones, falling and stumbling at every step, the enemy's shot reducing our numbers ; and myself, with about half a dozen grenadiers, arrived ^ II li.''. ft. 1".^: 30 HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUB 1792 " at a smooth part of the stream which proved bcjon 1 " our depth; five of us, however, got over; but t'ic " regiments did not venture to follow, and we returned " with difficulty. An easy passage had been found *' out lower down ; the seventy-first and seventy- " SECOND regiments had got into the island ; the flank " companies of the fifty-secouo. seventy-first, and " seventy-fourth regiments forded higher up, and the " enemy, seeing our troops on all sides of them, betook " themselves to flight. " About one o'clock in the morning the seventj'- •' first, and seventy-skcond regiments advanced to '' the pettah, from which the inhabitants had fled, and " we released a number of Europeans from piison. " About seven o'clock the seventy-second marched " into the famous Llal Baugh, or, as I heard it translated, •' ' garden of pearls,^ and were posted in one of the walks " during the day." A decisive victory was gained on this occasion over the army of Tippoo, and, perhaps, no regiment had performed a more distinguished part on this occasion than the seventy-second Highlanders; they had forced the passage of one nulla, and two rivers, and had charged nine successive times, overpowering their enemies on every occasion. Their loss was Captain Thomas Mackenzie and fourteen rank and file killed ; Major Hugh Frazer, Captaiu Hon. William M. Mait- land, Lieutenants M' Pherson and Ward, one serjeant, two drummers, and forty rar;k and file wounded, one man missing. In the General Orders issued ol the 7th of February, it was stated— " The conduct and valour of the officers " and soldiers of this army have often merited ho\'\ " Cornwallis's encomiums ; but the zeal and gallantry gEVEMTY-SECOND RISGIMEMT OF HIGHLANDERS. 31 " which wore so successfully displayed last night, in the 1792 " attack of the enemy's whole army in a position that " had cost him much time and labour to fortify, can " never be sufficiently praised ; and his lordship's " satisfaction on an occasion which promisee to bo " attended with the most substantial advantages, has " been greatly heightened by hearing from the com- " manding officers of divisions, that the meritorious " behaviour was universal, through all ranks, to a " degree that has rarely been equalled." The power of the Sultan being greatly reduced, and the siege of his capital about to commence^ he solicited conditions of peace, and hostilities were suspended. He afterwards ceded half of his> •< .linions to the allies, paid a large sum of money, and was permitted to retain the other half of his territory. The war being thus terminated, and a great accession of territory made to the British dominions in "^ndia, the army quitted the island of Seringapatam, towards the end of March, and the seventy-second High- landers proceeded to the cantonment of Wallajabad, where they arrived on the 28th of M ay. The Governor in Council evinced the high sense he entertained of the conduct of the troops, by presenting them with a gratuity out of the money paid by Tippoo Sultan, which was confirmed by the Court of Directors, p.nd six months' batta, or field allowance, added thereto. The SKVENTY-sEcoND Highlanders remained at 1793 Wallajabad, with two companies detached to Arnee, upwards of twelve months:, during which period the French Hcvolution, which commenced a few years previously, had assuit.od a character that called forth the efforts of other countries to arrest the ^)rogress of its destructive principles with the effects of its i ■ii i 32 HISTORICAL RECOAD OF THE 1793 example in the world, and war commenced between Great Britain and France. News of this event arrived in India in May, 1793; in June the regiment was ordered to prepare to take the (inld, and on the 26th of that month, pitched its ter'ti' east of Bliiveram Hill under the orders of Major i ri-.zer ; it nij vhed soon afterwards against the Ft inch seV^em^ > it o^ Fidicherry, on the coast of Coromand;4, and arrived before the fortress in July, — bciag formed in brigade with the soventy-third, seventy-fourth., and third F^^st India Company's Enropv^an regiment, undev Lieut. -Colonel Baird ; the troops employed on tb;i service were com- manded by Colonel John Brathwuit. The siege of Pondicherry was commenced in the early part of August, the army encamping in a thick wood where tigers were so numerous that the natives durst not travel in the night. On the 11th of August the seventy-second Highlanders were on duty in the trenches, and had two men killed ; they also lost two men on the follow- ing day;* and several others on the 22nd of that month, on which day a white flag was displayed by the garrison, with a request for permission to surrender. The French soldiers in the fortress had embraced democratical principles and were particularly insub- ordinate ; they insisted that the governor should "* On the 12th of August, as the Grenadiers and Captain Gordon 3 company of the seventy-second were on duty in the trenches, exposed to a burning sun, and a severe cannonade from ihd fortress, Colonel Campbell, field officer of the trenches, sent his 'orderly to Lieutenant Campbell of the Grenadiers, requesting that the piper of the Grenadiers might be directed to play some pibrachs. This was considered a strange request to be made at so unsuitable a time ; it was, however, immediatelv complied with : " but we were a good deal surprised to perceive that the <* moment the piper began, the fire from the enemy slackened, and soon " after almost entirely ceased. The French all got upon the worxs, and " seemed moiv^ astonished at ht.-« ni,; the bag-pipe, than we with Colonel " Campbell's request." Iku'eii i >- Campbell's Journal. SEVENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 33 surrender, but after the white flag was displayed, they 1794 fired two shells, which killed several men, and wounded Major Frazer of the seventy-second regiment. During the night they were guilty of every species of outrage, breaking into houses and becoming intoxicated. On the following morning, a number of them environed the governor's house, and threatened to hang the governor. General Charmont, before the door, when application was made for English protection. The British soldiers rushed into the town, overpowered the insurgents, rescued the governor, and preserved the inhabitants from the further effects of democratical violence. After the completion of this service, the regiment returned to the cantonment at Wallajabad, where it arrived on the 11th of September, and was stationed at that place during the year 1794. On the decease of General Murray, the colonelcy was conferred on Major-General Adam Williamson, from the forty-seventh regiment, by commission dated the 19th of March, 1794. While the regiment was reposing in cantonments 1795 at Wallajabad, and the officers and soldiers were reflecting with exultation on the reputation they had acquired in the Mysore, circumstances occurred in Europe which occasioned them to be again called into active service. The Dutch people had imbibed the democratical doctrines of the French republic, and in the early part of 1795 Holland became united to France. When information of these events arrived in India, an expedition was immediately fitted out against the large and mountainous island of Ceylon, where the Dutch had several settlements, and the seventy-second Highlanders were selected to take part D m m I i is 34 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE II 1795 in the enterprise ; the troops employed on this service were commanded by their Lieut.-Colonel, James Stuart, who was promoted to the rank of Major- General at this period. The regiment embarked from Fort St. George on the 30th of July, and two days afterwards the fleet arrived on the coast of Ceylon ; on the 3rd of August the troops landed four miles north of the fort of TrincomaUe, and the siege of this place was commenced as soon as the artillery and stores could be landed and removed sufficiently near to the place. On the 26th of August a practicable breach was effected, and the garrison surrendered the place. The regiment had Ensign Benson, two Serjeants, and seven rank and file wounded on this service. 'Th\.- commanding officer of the regiment. Major Fr. z«r. V ao was promoted to the lieut.- colonelcy on tbf, 1st of ieptember, was detached against the fort of Batticaloe, which surrendered to him on the 18th of September. The two flank companies of the regiment were afterwards detached, with two companies of sepoys, under Captain Barbutt, against the fort and island of J Manaar, which surrendered on the 5th of October. 1796 The regiment continued to be actively employed until the whole of the Dutch settlements iA Ceylon were reduced, which wat. accomplished in February, 1796, when the governor, John Gerand Van Angelbeck, surrendered the fortress of Colombo to the British arms. The people in the interior of the island had not been deprived of their independence by the Dutch, and they were not ifjfrrfered with by the British so long as they pres(?rved a peaceful demeanour. ' ' .--r.'f As the island of Ceylon — which produces an astonish- ing diversity of vegetables, with the finest fruits — is celebrated for the number of cinnamon trees it pro- ) SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 35 duces — and abounds in most animals indigenous to the 1797 East, particularly in wild elephants — the seventy- second Highlanders remained until March, 1797, when ^ they were removed to Pondicherry, preparatory to their return to England. .> jrtwr^ij.. *' . .^^^ .;s. The regiment was stationed at Per'H two years, and 1799 its recruiting w.> not successful, not more than two 1800 hundred recruitu having joined : in 1801 the regiment iqoI was removed to Ireland ;* and its numbers were augmented hy drafts from the Scots fencible regi- ments. ^!^'!l SI * On the 5th of May, 1801, the regiment lost its distinguished com- manding officer, Lieat.-C'lonel Hugh Fbazeb, who had always evinced a lively interest in its leputation. He entered the army in November, 1775, as lieutenant in the first battalion of the seventy-first regiment, then raised under Major-General Simon Fnuier ^,^>i^ T ,ient.-Colonel Sir William En>..ine, for service in North America; aad in 1778 he was promoted captain in Seafbrth's Highlanders, now the setemtt-second rcjj". 'Aent, which corps he accompanied to India. He served with his regiment at the attack on Cudalore, and the capture of Palacatcherry, in 17^S i and he commanded the seventt-second during the campaigns in the Mysore in 1790, 1791, and 1792, at the capture of Pondicherry in 1793, f*.. tk* the conquest of Ceylon in 1795, and was conspicuous for n2 . 36 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1802 At the conclusion of the peace of Amiens in 1802, the establishment was reduced ; but on the re- com- 1803 mcncement of hostilities i.i 1803, it was again aug- mented : it was soon in a high state of efficiency and dis- i'ipline, two-thirds of the men being Scots Highlanders, and about one-third English and Irish. ^ i 1804 Great efforts were made to repel the threatened French invasion in 1803 and 1804, and a second battalion y> as added to the regiment ; it was formed of men r'dsca in Aberf^.een, for limited service, under the Additional Force Act, and was placed upon the esta- blishnient of the army from the 25th of Dectember, 1804. It was embodied at Peterhead, and remained in Scot- land some time. 1805 While the French army was at Boulogne menacing England with invasion, a coalition was forming in Germany to oppose the domination of Bonaparte, whom the French had elevated to the title of Emperor, and t'lie first battalion of the seventy -second regiment was appointed to form part of a secret expedition under Lieut. General Sir Eyre Coote, K.B. ; th" : enter- prise was, however, laid aside, and in August, ^805, the regiment, commanded by Lieut .-Colonel Colquhuun Grant, embarked with a secret expedition under Major- General Sir David Baird, which sailed at the end of the month. At day-break on the 28th of September personal bravery, ability, and a deep interest in the honour of his corps. He was j r^-alii behc commemorate his attachment to the corps, and his esteem fn^ the officers. SEVENTY racOND RBOIMBNT OF niOHLANDERS. 37 the fleet apj>i'oachod the island of Madeira, and the 1805 soldiers wen; gratified by the night of its high moun- tains, covered on the lower slopes with vines, and on ; the loftier summits with forests of pine and chcsnut, gilded with the rays of the rising sun ; and about eight o'clock the whole anchored in the spacious bay, in the centre of which stands Funchul, the capital ; the lofty black rocks adorned with brilliant verdure rising behind the town, form a striking contrast with the white houses, and present to the view a splendid landscape. At this place the fleet remained six days, and afterwards sailed to the Brazils, entering the harbour of St. Salvador on the 12th of November. Captain Campbell of the seventy- second stated in his Journal : — " The town was opening as we approached " the inner part of the bay, and displayed the most gay " and romantic scenery. It is built on the ridge of a " hill, and some of the houses are showy and extensive ; " they are generally white with red tiles ; but those " in the lower part of the town consist of from five to ** seven flats, or stories, each ; and, the streets being " narrow, th(j houses almost meet above. The hills " are enclosed as gardens, and whichever way one " turns, the eye li equally gratified with the variety " and luxuriance of the scenery." The regiments were landed in succession for a few hours ; horses wore procured for the cavalry, and some supplies obtained for the voyage, It was a remarkable circumstance that the seventy-second regiment had not one sick man. On the 28th of November the fleet again put to sea, and directed its course towards the Dutch colony of the Cape of Good Hope, then in possession of the Batavian n II 11 i f I 1. sj i 38 HISTORICAL RSr^ >l> OF THE 1805 government, which was united with France in hoatility to Great Britain. 1806 On the 3rd of January, 1806, the lofty promontory which marks the southern extremity of Africa was seen, with its summit in the clouds, and at five o'clock on the afternoon of the following day, the fleet anchored off the Capo of Good Hope. At four o'clock on the morn- ing of the 6th of January the signal was made for the seventy-first, seventy-second, and ninety-third regi- ments, forming the second or Highland brigade under Brigadier-General Ferguson, to enter the boats; and, moving to the slore, it effected a landing in Lospard's Bay; the light companies of the seventy-first and SEVENTY-SECOND regiments driving the Dutch sharp- shooters from the contiguous heights, killing and wounding thirteen of the enemy.* After pursuing the enemy some distance, the troops halted near the Blue Mountains. Before daylight on the following morning the SEVENTY-SECOND advanced, with one six-pounder, to m * Number of men nrhich landed at the Cape of Good Hope in January, 1806, under Major-General Sir David Baird.: — Number landtd, '■ inelnding Bbioadm. BlOIMINTf. Recruit* for In- dia, attaolied. 1st. Commanded by Brigadier - General Twenty-fourth .... 600 Thirty-eighth . . 900 Beresford . . . Eighty-third . . 800 2nd. Under Brigadier- Generftl Ferguson Seventy-first Seventy-second. Ninety-third Fifty-ninth . • Company's recruits 800 600 800 900 200 .•'■ - ■ . Seamen and marbes uoo Artillery .... 200 ;■. ,„ ; ■:. ' ■.. ■ ' ■ Twentieth Light Dragoons. 800 Total. . 7200 SEVENTT-raCOND RBOIMBNT or HIGHLANDERS. 39 surprise a body of tho enemy, encamped at a small ISOG village; but the Dutch made a precipitate retreat, and the regiment returned to its camp, whore it arrived about eight o'clock. At three o'clock on the morning of the 8th of January . the Blue Mountains echoed the sound of tho British bugles summoning the soldiers to arms, and when the troops had advanced to the summit of the hills, the Batavian army was seen formed, with twenty-three pieces of cannon, in order of battle, in the valley in front. The grenadiers of the twenty-fourth regiment drove the Dutch mounted riflemen and jaggars from the high grounds on the front and on the flank, and the Highland brigade moved forward to engage the opposing army. Nineteen Dutch guns sent forward showers of bullets as the three British regiments advanced rapidly upon their opponents; when within five hundred yards, the enemy commenced with grape, and when at two hundred and fifty yards distance, the fire of musketry was opened along his whole front ; but the advance of the brigade was too rapid for the enemy to take correct aim. Arriving withiu one hundred and fifty yards of the opposing line, the Highlanders levelled their muskets with steady aim, advancing and firing, until within sixty yards of their adversaries, when Brigadier-General Ferguson gave the word " charge." A loud British shout instantly rent the air, and the heroic Highlanders closed with bayonets upon their numerous adversaries, who instantly fled in dismay, pursued across the deep sands by the victorious High- land brigade. The Dutch marksmen on the right flank, with two guns, keeping up a constant fire. Captain Campbell of the seventy-second was detached against them with his grenadier company ; he soon drove the %\ :.4J 40 HISTORICAL RECOBD OF THE 1806 Dutch sharp-shooters from the bushes, and was about to charge the guns, but they were removed with too much speed to be overtaken. After gaining a complete victory, and pursuing the enemy three miles under a burning sun, and along deep sands, the Highlanders were ordered to halt, and the first brigade urged the pursuit.* Major General Sir David Baird stated in his public despatch : — "The Highland brigade advanced steadily under •' a heavy fire of round shot, grape, and musketry. " Nothing could resist the determined bravery of the " troops, headed by their gallant leader, Brigadier- " General Ferguson ; and the number of the enemy, " who swa.aied the plain, served only to augment their " ardour, and confirm their discipline. The enemy " received our fire and maintained his position obsti- " nately ; but in the moment of charging, the valour of *' British troops bore down all opposition, and forced " him to a precipitate retreat." " Your lordship will perceive the name of Lieut.- " Colonel Grant among the wounded ; but the heroic " spirit" of this oflficer was not subdued by his misfortune, " and he continued to lead his men to glory, as long as " an enemy was opposed to His Majesty's seventy- " SECOND regiment." * The loss of the regiment was limited to two rank and ♦ " The soldiers suflTered excessively from the heat of the sun, which " was as intense as I ever felt it in India ; though our fatigue was' ex- " treme, yet, for the momentary halt we made, the grenadier company " (seventy-second) requested the pipers might play them their regi- " mental quick step, Capper fiedth, to which they danced a Highland " Heel, to the utter astonishment of the fifty-ninth regiment, which was " close in our rear." — Journal of Captain Campbell, Grenadier Company, SEVENTV-SECOMD regiment. SEYBNTT'SBOOND RBOIMBNT OF HIGHLANDERS. 41 file killed; Lieut.-Colonol Grant,* Lieutenant Chris- 1806 holme, two Berjeants, one drummer, and thirty-three rank and file wounded. The word " Cape op Good Hope," borne by royal authority on the coloura of the regiment, commemorates its distinguished gallantry on this occasion. After the action, the army took up a position in the Beit Valley ; on the 9th of January, the troops advanced towards Cape Town, taking post on the south of Salt River, and the town surrendered. Lieut.-General Janssens had taken up a position in a pass leading to the interior of the country. On the 10th of January, the regiment marched to Wineberg barracks ; and on the 11th, Lieutenant M'Arthurof the seventy -second was detacheJ, with thirty men of the regiment, to take possession of Hout^a Bay. " After Lieutenant M'Ar- " thur's departure, it was ascertained that the enemy *' had a strong garrison at Hout's Bay, and Major " Tucker, of the seventy-second, was sent after him " on horseback, to detain him until a reinforcement " should arrive ; but the lieutenant had reached the " vicinity of the place with much expedition, and finding <' how matters stood, showed his men rank entire, and " only partially, but to the most advantage. Hav- " ing procured pen, ink, and paper, he summoned the " garrison to unconditional surrender, otherwise he " would blow the place about their ears, assault the " works, and give no quarter. The Dutch immediately " surrendered at discretion, and whenj^the major arrived, " he found Lieutenant M* Arthur in full possession of " the works, consisting of a strong block-house and two " batteries." — See Captain Campbell's Journal. ^i 1 i • Afterwards Lieut.-G«n«k'ttl Sir Colquhoun Grant, K.C.B. and G C.H., Colonel of the Fifteenth, or King*! Hussars, who died in Deem! .t 1835. - 4i 4» HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE ■;'i 1806 \, ■• ,i' Wineberg-Camp, 12th Janmry, 180f . '^1 1. Brigade Order. — " In consequence of Brigadier- "^ General Ferguson being ordered into Cape Town, he " is under the necessity of taking a short leave of the " Highland brigade. Short as his absence will be> he " cannot go without returning his sincere thanks to " every individual of the brigade he has the honor to " command, for the zealous support he has received " from the ojf&cers, and the uniform good behaviour " of the men. Their conduct on the day of landing, " the cheerfulness with which they have endured every " fatigue and privation, and their distinguished bravery " in the action of Blaw Berg, while it has gained them " universal admiration, lays him under an obligation, " which no time can obliterate from his memory." On the same day that this order was issued the regiment advanced up the country to co-operate with the troops under Brigadier-General Beresford, and in a few days the Batavian governor surrendered the colony to the British arms. From this period the important colony of the Cape of Good Hope has formed part of the possessions of the British Crown. After the surrender of the Cape, the head-quarters of the SEVENTY-SECOND regiment were established at Simon's Town, where the Hottentots in the Dutch pay tendered their services to the British government, and were afterwards formed into a corps, now the " Cape Mounted Riflemen :" the regiment had also detach- ments at Muisenberg, Hout's Bay, andOliphant's Bay, and in September it took the garrison duty at Cape Town. 1807 The regiment was stationed at Cape Town during 1808 the years 1807, 1808, and 1809 : in April of the latter SEVENTY-SECOND REOIUENT OF HiaBLANDERS. 43 year KingOeorge III. approved of its discontinuing the .^^q Highland Costume. In February of this year the second battalion pro- ceeded from Scotland to Ireland. In February, 1810, the first battalion marched from 1810 Cape Town to Stellinbosch, and while stationed at this place it was selected to form part of an expedition, de- signed toco-operate with troops from Indiain the capture of the Mauritius. It embarked eight hundred men, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Monckton, from Simon's Town, on the 22nd of September, 1810, but various circumstances occasioned a delay of nearly five weeks before it commenced the voyage, and a landing of the troops from India had taken place a few days before the division from the Cape arrived. Its appearance oflf the island was, however, particularly opportune, as the French governor had previously resolved to defend his lines before Port Louis, but when he saw the division from the Cape approach the island, he lost all hope of being able to make effectual resistance, and surrendered this valuable colony to the British arms. The regiment landed at Port Louis on the 7th of December, and was selected to form part of the garrison of the island. On the 25th of September, 1811, the establishment 1811 of the first battalion was augmented to a thousand rank and file, and it was completed by drafts from the second battalion^ then in Ireland. After performing duty at the Mauritius upwards of 1812 three years, tho regiment received orders to proceed to North America, war having commenced between Great Britain and the United States ; and it embarked from Port Louis on the 27th of June, 1814, with orders to proceed, in the first instance, to the Cape of Good I i 44 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE I i' P w I 1814 Hope. The following General Orders wore issued on this occasion, by Lieut.- General Sir Alexander Campbell : — " In obeying the orders of His Royal Highness the com- " mander-in-chief, for the removal of the first buttalion " of the SEVENTY-SECOND regiment from these islands " to the Cape of Good Hope, the Commander of the " Forces is impelled, not less by the calls of justice and •* public duty, than by his personal and private feelings, " to express to Lieut.-Colonel Monckton, and all the " officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates of " that excellent, respectable, and valuable corps, how " sensible he is of the loss this command sustains by " their departure. The Lieut. -General, however, de- " rives son consolation from the ardent hope he " entertains that the regiment is proceeding to fields " of glory; where opportunities will be aiForded for " sustaining the high character it has already es- " tablished, and adding to its well-earned fame, by " fresh deeds of valour, emulating tnose of our most *' distinguished battalions, whose prowi^ss and discipline *' have rescued Europe from the tyrant's grasp. He " requests their acceptance of his best thanks for their " most exemplary good conduct, during the period he '' has had the honor to have them under his orders, *' and which he shall not fail to communicate to His " Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief, for our " Sovereign's information, and likewise to His Excel- " lency the Commander of the Forces at the Cape of " Good Hope, a station where their gallantry and or- *' derly behaviour are so well known and appreciated." The design of sending the regiment to America was afterwards abandoned, in consequence of the termination of the war in Europe having rendered several other corps disposable: the seventy-second lauded at the 8EVE\TY-8ECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 45 Capo of Good Hope, and was stationed at Cape 1814 Town.» On tho 26th of April, 1815, Lieut.-General Rowland 1815 Lord Hill, G.C.B., was appointed Colonel of the SEVENTY-SECOND regiment, from the ninety-fourth foot, in succession to General Stuart, deceased. After remaining at the Cape of Good Hope ten months, the regiment received orders to . transfer its services to India, to take part in the war with the llajah of Napaul. Some delay occurred ia procuring • In December of this year the regiment lost a valuable oflScer, Lieut.- Colonet ItoNAttt Campbell, extracts from whose Journal have been given in the preceding pages. He performed duty in India with the 36th regiment ; and was appointed Ensign in the sevuntv-second, by com- miniion dated the 20th of November, 1788. He was attached to the grenadi;jr comp,-\ny during the war with Tippoo Sultan, and signalized hlmtt«;lf on several occasions, particularly at the storming of Bangalore, and at the capture of Savendroog; he also distinguished himself at both the engagements near Seringapatam. His Journal, with the plans and draw'ngs, contains a detailed account of the leading events of the war wilh a description of the country ; they show the interest he took in his profession, with a laudable desire to become well informed on military subjects, and they prove him to have been an intelligent, brave, and i^oalous officer. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in May i7i)2 i and served at the capture of Pondicherry in 1793 ; also at the re- duction o.'thr. Dutch settlements in Ceylon in 1795 ; in October, 1797, he obtained the command of a company. In 1805 he was brigade-major to Brigadier-Oeneral Mc Farlane, who commanded a portion of the Western district in Ireland, and was afterwards appointed brigade-major in Jomuioa, but resigned his situation on the staff of that island, to com- mand his compr jy (the grenadiers) in the expedition to the Cape of Good Hope, where he had udditional opportunities of distinguishing himscif, nnd wos appointed Commissary of Prisoners. On the 22nd of November, 1807, he was promotod major in his regiment, which he accom- panied, in i810, with tb, expedition against the Mauritius, where many valuable stores were captured, and he was nominated prize-agent to the brigade from the Cape of Good Hope. In 1812 he was promoted to the rank of lieut.-colonel in the army, and appoicied deputy adjutant-general to the forces serving on the island of Jamaica. He performed the duties of that situation two years, and fell a victim to the climate, his decease taking place on the first night after his arrival at Portsmoutli, on the Uth of December, 1814. He had the reputation of a virtuous, brave, intelligent, humane officer, endowed with a strict sense of honor and distinguished an a polite gentleman and scholar. HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE Jl 1815 transports; but on the 29th of June the head-quarters embarked for Bengal, under Lieut.-Colonel Monckton, < . and landed at Calcutta on the 5th of September ; the remainder of. the regiment arrived soon afterwards. The war had in the mean time terminated, and the regiment was ordered to return to ' '^aoe of Good Hope, proceeding, in the first i^ .u- „c the Mau- ritius; the annexation of that islau'^ .c Great Britain, by the treaty of peace which was concluded after the removal of Bonaparte from the throne of France, having been followed by circumstances which rendered the augmentation of the garrison necessary. The regiment embarked from Fort William in November, and arrived at Port Louis in. the early part of January 1816 1816; but the garrison had previously been re-inforced by the fifty-sixth regiment from Madras, and the detention of the seventy-second was not necessary. From the Mauritius the regiment continued its voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived in Table Bay on the 14th of February; but having touched at the Mauritius, where an epidemic disease prevailed, it was detained in quarantine until the 3rd of March, when it landed at Cape Town. The termination of the war in Europe and North America had been followed by the reduction of the strength of the army, and the second battalion of the SEVENTY-SECOND regiment was disbanded at London- derry on the 3rd cf January, 1816; the men were sent to the Isle of Wight for the purpose of joining the first battalion. The regiment had, however, returned from India, and its numbers being above the esta- blishment of a corps on the Cape station, they were permitted either to volunteer to regiments not com- plete, or receive their discharge. The establishment, I-, >JteL. S: SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 47 at this period, was fifty-four officers, one thousand 1816 and seventy-seven non-commissioned officers and soldiera ; but a reduction of thirteen officers and two hundred and ten soldiers was soon afterwards made. In October one company of the regiment was detached to the frontiers of the colony, to relieve a company of the eighty-third regiment, which had been detached a considerable period. Lieut.-General Lord Hill was removed to the fifty- 1817 third regiment, in February, 1817, and was succeeded in the colonelcy of the sevent if -second, by Major- General Sir George Murray, G.C.B., G.C.H. On the 10th of June four companies of the regiment embarked at Simon's Town, for Algoa Bay, where they arrived in fifty-four hours, and marched from thence to Graham's Town, the frontier head-quarters, to relieve the twenty-first light dragoons, who were ordered to proceed to India. These companies were distributed in detachments along the bank of the Great Fish River, to occupy posts established a short time previously, and to construct others, in continuation of a chain, to protect the frontiers against the depredations of the warlike tribes of Kafirs, who maintained a constant state of preparation for aggression and acts of hostility, and whose propensities appear more suited to plunder and warfare, than the cultivation of their country. This proved an arduous and toilsome duty, in a country nearly devoid of resources, infested by savage animals and marauding Kafirs ; the soldiers lived under canvas, were frequently exposed to the inclemency of the weather, especially while construct- ing new posts, and patrols were constantly moving from station to station ; yet the men were preserved, by the care and attention of their officers, remarkably 1.^ i Mi ffe^ l:!i. .*Jsa. S: HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1817 healthy, and the eldest soldiers, who had been long accustomed to the comparative ease and luxury of the service at the Mauritius and Cape Town, performed this difficult duty with facility. 1819 Notwithstanding every effort made to cover the country, depredations were frequently committed, and a party of Kafirs having succeeded in stealing a luantity of cattle from a Dutch farmer, in the begin- ning of February, 1819, the circumstance was reported to Captain Gethin, who was stationed at De Bruins Drift. The captain instantly pursued the robbers, with a few soldiers, accompanied by a number of Dutch farmers, mounted and armed ; he came up with the cattle in a country covered with thick underwood, and trusting to the support of the armed farmers, in the event of an attack, he entered the bush with a few men, and was proceeding to drive out the cattle, when the party in advance was surrounded and attacked by a number of Kafirs armed with spears and clubs. The captain and his small party made a determined resistance ; but the farmers stood aloof, leaving the soldiers to perish. Captain Gethin was overpowered, and fell pierced with thirty-two wounds; one serjeant and one private soldier were also killed on this occasion. Captain Gethin was a highly respected, brave, and intelligent officer ; he had distinguished himself in the Peninsular war, particularly at the siege of St. Sebastian, and had been rewarded with promotion; his death was much regretted. 1821 A detachment of the regiment continued on the frontiers, and took an active part in the border warfare with the Kafirs, whose predatory iiabits it was found difficult to restrain; the head-quarters remained at Cape Town, with detachments at Simon's Town and SEVENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF UIQULANDERS. 49 Robben Island, until December, 1821, when it was 1821 relieved by the sixth regiment, and embarked for England. Two contpanies remained behind three mcuchs for the want of transport, and fifty soldiers of gooi^. character who had claims to pension, were pcr- mi<,tud to settle in the country. On the departure of the regiment from the Cape, the Governor, General Lord Charles Somerset, was pleased to express, in orders, his approbation of the conduct of the c.oi'i during its stay at that colony, and to add, that he should not fail to make known its excellent behaviour to the Commander-in-Chief, and to recommend it to His Royal Highness's particular favour and protection. In March, 1822, the regiment landed at Portsmouth, 1822 from whence it proceeded to Fort Cumberland, and in May to Plymouth, whei'e the two companies left at the Cape, joined in June. In July the regiment embarked for Woolwich, v^here it occupied part of the Horse Artillery barracks. The regiment was removed to the islands of Jersey 1823 and Guernsey in M?y, 1823. Major- General Sir George Murray was removed to the forty-second; the Royal Highland regiment, in September, 182C and was succeeded by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope from the ninety-second regiment. The excellent conduct of the regiment on all occasions, which had procured for it the commendations of the general ofucers under whom it had served, had been rep^iledly brought before the Com- mander-in-Chief, His Royal Highness the Duke of York and Albany, by the commanders of the colonies in which it had ser\ ( J, and had been communicated to His Majesty, Kiug George IV., who was graciously i 50 HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUB 1823 pleased to authorise, on the 11th of Decc aioer, 1823, its resuming the Highlamd Costume, with this difference, that the officer" and men should wear trews instead' of kilts : at the - ivae time the King was pleased to approve of its assuming, as a special mark of royal favour and approbation, the title of the " Seventy-second, or the Duke of Albany's Own " Highlanders." 1824 ^^ quitting the islands of Jersey and Guernsey in April, 1824, the regiment received a vote of thanks and approbation from the principal inhabitants and public functionaries of the former, and a similar docu- ment from the Royal Court of the latter, expressing their high sense and admiration of its discipline, and of the peaceful and orderly behaviour of the non-com- missioned officers and soldiers. The regiment embarked from Jersey and Guernsey in April, and proceeded to Plymouth, to relieve the sixty -first foot. In June His Majesty approved of the regiment assuming, as a regimental badge, the Duke of Albany's Cipher and Coronet, to be borne on the regimental colour. From Plymouth, the regiment embarked for Scotland on the 31st of August : it landed at Newhaven on the 13th of September, and was met on the beach by its Colonel, Lieut. -General Sir John Hope, who marched into Edinburgh Castle at its head : the regiment afterwards sent detachments to Stirling, Fort William, and Dumbarton. 1825 New colours having been prepared for the Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders, the regiment wag assembled at Brurtsfield Links, on the 1st of August, 18i^5, under Lieut.-Colonel Calvert. The new colours were presented to the Colonel, Lieut. -General Sir 8EVKNTY-SBC0ND REOIMENT Or HIOHLANDEKS. 51 " have been pri " ment by La(! " not addrcBBin^ " character have y* John Hopo, by Lady IIopo, with a suitable address ; 1825 they were afterwards consecrated by the Chaplain, the Rev. Mr. Moon, in an eloquent prayer, in which he implored the God of Battles ever to crown them with honour and victory ; Sir John Hope then presented them to the regiment, which was formed in square to receive them, and said : — "In delivering . y^ur charge these colours, which 1 to the flEVENTY-SECOND TCgi- ' nm fully aware that I am ^cd corps, whose name and cquired. As it has pleased " His Majesty to confer m distinguished an honour on " the regiment, as to permit the seventy -second to " assume the name of the Duke of Albany's Own " Highlanders, I cannot omit congratulating the " corps on having received so flattering and honorable ** a mark of approbation, and expressing my conviction, " that this additional badge, which is now placed on " these colours, will afford a new and powerful induce- " ment for maintaining the high character which the " seventy-second regiment has so long and so de- " servedly possessed, I feel particularly gratified that " the honour of delivering these colours has devolved " on me, and that their presentation should also have " taken place in the capital of the country where the " regiment was first raised, and after its return from " a long period of honorable and distinguished service. " The country being now at peace, there is no oppor- " tunity for the skventy-second to gain fresh honours " by victories in the field ; but the regiment may " deserve and obtain almost equal honour and credit " by setting an example of discipline and good conduct " on home service, which becomes now particularly 32 Pi I! ni ^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // <_ ^ >. .*^:^ fer. 1.0 1.1 ■^ iiii 122 £ U£ 12.0 IL25 HI 1.4 Rhh 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRIET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) S72-4503 v V <^ o^ w HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 11', 1825 (( incumbent when so highly distinguished by being ** named after His Royal Highness the Commander-in« " Chief, to whom the whole army is indebted for the " present state of order and discipline to which it has " attained. That the seventy- second will ever con- ** tinue to deserve the approbation of His Koyal High- " ncss I make no doubt : and I have now to offer my " most sincere good wishes for the prosperity of the " corps collectively, and of every individual officer, " non-commissioned officer, and private soldier of the " regiment." Towards the end of July, routes were received for marching to Port Patrick, for embarkation for Ireland; and before quitting Edinburgh, the regiment received the thanks of the Lord Provost and Magistrates for its exemplary conduct ; it landed at Donaghadee on the 26th of August ; and the head-quarters were established at Belfast. .; ; 1. v / 1826 In September, 1826, the regiment marched to London- derry, from whence nineteen detachments were sent 1827 out; and in May, 1827, the detachments were called in, and the whole proceeded to Dublin. Orders were received in September to form six service and^ur depot companies ; the service companies em- barked for Liverpool, from whence they proceeded to London, where they arrived on the 9th of October, and took the duty at the Tower. 1828 On the 5th of January, 1828, the first life guards, royal horse guards, four battalions of foot guards, and the seventy- second regiment, were reviewed on the parade in St. James s park, by Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington, in presence of Don Miguel, Infant of Portugal. - V. ^. • ;/i-v ' ' In April the regiment marched to Canterbury, where r SEVENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 53 it was inspected on the 2nd of June by General Lord 1828 Hill, commanding-in-chief, who was pleased to state,— > " That although it had been his lot to see and servo " with most of the regiments in the service, he felt he " should not be doing full justice to the seventy-second " Highlanders, if he did not express his particular r " approbation of every thing connected with them, and " add, he had never before seen a regiment their equal " in movements, in appearance, and in steadiness under ^ " anns." The regiment remained at Canterbury until the end of June, when it marched to Gravesend, where it em- barked, under the orders of Lieut.-Colonel Arbuthnot, for the Cape of Good Hope — a colony where the repu- tation of the corps was established, and it landed at Cape Town in September and October following. In May, 1830, the dep6t companies were withdrawn 1830 from Ireland, and landing at Glasgow, were stationed in Scotland during the five following years. While the service companies were stationed in Cape 1833 Town, the aggressions of the Kafir tribes, which are divided into three nations, — the Amapendas, the Tam- bookies, and the Amakosa, assumed a formidable and an atrocious character previously unknown. The colonial boundary extended, on one side, to the Keis- kanima, but a chief named '^lacoma, had been per- mitted to reside within the British territory. Owing to some atrocities committed by him and his followers on the Tambookies, which were attended with the shedding of human blood within the colony, he was dc< prived of the lands he held by sufferance in the British territory. His expulsion was, however, not strictly enforced until 1833, when he was removed beyond the boundary, and he became violently exasperated against m :'<*vttf*-k', HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 'i *^'.* VifrS 1833 the British. The predatory habits of the Kafirs also led to disiputes, when the British were searching for stolen property, and the lenity observed towards the aggressors emboldened them, and occasioned them to become more audacious in their attacks. v^.n* 1834 Towards the end of 1834 thousands of Kafirs ruslied into the colony, and commenced the work of murder, rapine, and devastation by fire, among the settlers. 1835 The seventy-second Highlanders were stationed at Cape Town, when the news of these alarming events arrived at the seat of government, and they were im- mediately ordered towards the frontiers. Three com- panies sailed for Algoa Bay, on the 2nd of January, 1835, and arrived at that place on the 10th ; the other three companies advanced up the country by horse waggons; and as the regiment approached Graham's " Town, it traversed the scenes of outrage, and witnessed the ruins of once flourishing farms bearing marks of savage vengeance ; the town was found barricaded, and the houses turned to fortifications. Ten thousand Kafirs had penetrated '^e colony, and the smoke of ruined farms, with tl '.es of widows and orphans, were seen and heard on every side. Having advanced towards the frontiers, the head- quarters were established at Graham's Town, and detachments were employed in chasing the vengeful marauders from the confines of the British possessions. Preparations were made to carry hostilities into the heart ofKafirland, to visit with necessary chastisement the atrocious aggressions of the tribes, and to enforce such measures as should be calculated to prevent the recurrence of similar outrages. The force assembled for this service was divided into four columns : the first was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel John Peddie,K.H., SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 55 SEVENTY-SECOND Tegimeiit; it consisted of a detach- 1835 mcnt of the royal artillery with two guns, a detachment of the Cape mounted riflemen, the seventy-second Highlandera, a provisional battalion, and the SwelleU' daham burghers; and in the middle of March it advanced to the right bank of the Keiskamma, frpm whence it penetrated into the interior of Kafirland. The predatory tribes were incapable of offering serious opposition; they were chastised for their atrocious conduct, subdued, deprived of a portion of their ter- ritory bordering on the frontiers of the colony, and such additional precautionary measures were adopted as appeared necessary to ensure the safety of the British subjects. The SEVENTY -second Highlanders were employed in Kafirland during the months of April and May : the head-quarters were afterwards established at King William's Town until October, when they were re- moved to Graham's Town. In June of this year the depot companies proceeded from Scotland to Ireland. On the death of Lieut.-General Sir John Hope, the 1836 colonelcy of the regiment was conferred on Major- General Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.B., from the ninety - ninth foot, by commission dated the 1 5th of August, 1 836. '■*'■ The head-quarters of the service companies remained 183* at Graham's Town three years, frimishing detachments along the frontiers, occupying posts, and performing much trying aud difficult service : in October, 1838, 1838 they were relieved from this duty, and returned to Cape Town. In May, 1838, the dep6t companies returned to Scotland. During the year 1839 the service companies were 1839 56 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE C. 1839 stationed at Cape Town, and the depdt companies at Paisley and Dundee. 1 840 After taking part in the important duty of protecting the possessions of Great Britain at the Cape of Good Hope nearly twelve years, the service companies were relieved in April, 1840, and returned to England, and disembarked at Portsmouth on the 8th of June fol- lowing : the regiment was subsequently stationed at Fort Cumberland: the depot had proceeded from North Britain to Portsmouth in May, 1840, >,• • -^ The following general order was issued by Major- General Sir George Napier, K.C.B., commanding the forces at the Cape of Good Hope, on the 10th of April, 1840, upon the embarkation of the seventy-second for England: — "His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief cannot " permit the seventy-second Highlanders to embark " for England, from the colony of the Cape of Good " Hope, in which they have been stationed for the long " period of twelve years, without his expressing his " marked approbation of the conduct of this highly '' disciplined and exemplary corps while under his " immediate command ; and from the reports His *' Excellency has received from Colonel Smith, the " Deputy-Quarter Master- General, under whose orders " this regiment has been during the greater part of the " above period, including a very arduous and active " service in the Field, His Excellency is enabled to " record, which he does with great satisfaction, the very *' meritorious services of the seventy-second High- *♦ landers, in whatever duty they have been engaged " whether in the Field or in Quarters. * *' His Excellency begs to assure Major Hope, the ** officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of SEVENTY-8B0OND RBOIMBNT OF HIGHLANDERS. 57 " the 8RVBMTY-SEC0ND rogimont, that he will ever fed 1840 *• a lively interest in their welfare." In July, 1841, the regiment proceeded from Ports- mouth to Windsor. * On the 26th of January, 1842, new colours were 1842 presented to the seventy-second Highland regiment by Field-Marshal His Grace the Duke of Wellington, in the quadrangle of Windsor Castle, the ceremony being honoured by the presence of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, the King of Prussia, and other distinguished fiersonagcs. The following is the Duke of Wellington's address to the regiment on this interesting occasion :— " Colonel Arbutunot,* and you, Gentlemen, Officers, " and you, Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers, of " the SEVKNTY-SECOND Highland regiment,- I have " attended here this day, in compliance with the wishes " of your Commanding Officer, and by permission of Her " Majesty, to present to you your new colours. These " colours have been consecrated by one of the highest " dignitaries of our Church, and are presented to you " in the presence of Her Majesty, and of her Illustrious " and Royal Guest the King of Prussia, of Prince " Albert, and a number of most distinguished per- " sonages. They are composed of the colours of the " three nations, and bear the cipher of Her Majesty ; " and I have no doubt, from your previous character * Colonel Cbarlef George James Arbuthnot was appointed fromthe half-pay unattached to the bevemty-skcomd regiment on the 25th of September, 1826, and on the nth on May, 1831, was removed to thelnine- tieth light infantry ; on the 23rd of Febmary, 1838, he exchanged to his former regiment, the mvkmtv-ip^omd; and on the 28th of June of that year, he was promoted colonel by brevet. In November, 1841, he was appointed one of the Kquerrics to Her Majesty, and on the 14th of April, 134% was removed to the hulf-pay unattached. 58 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE tny.''*a s <&i. 1842 ** and your present high state of discipline, that you " will guard them under every circumstance, to the " utmost of your power. These Colours you are hence- " forth to consider as your Head-Quarters, and in " every circumstance, in all times of privation and of '* distress, you will look to them as your rallying " point ; and I would again remind you, that their " presentation is witnessed by the Monarch of one of " the most powerful nations in Europe — a nation which *' boasts of an army which has heretofore been a pattern " for all modern troops, — and which has done so much " towards contributing to the general pacification of " Europe. I have long known the seventy-second " Highland Regiment. Half a century has now nearly " elapsed since I had the pleasure of serving in the " same Army with them in the Plains of Hindoostan ; •' since that period they have been engaged in the " conquest of some of the most valuable colonies of " the British Crown ; and latterly, in performing most «' distinguished services at the Cape of Good Hope- '' Fourteen years out of the last sixteen they have " spent on Foreign service ; and with only eighteen " months at home for their re-formation and their " re-disciplining, appear in their present high state " of regularity and order. The best part of a long ** life has been spent by me in Barracks, Camps, and " Cantonments, and it has been my duty, as well as *' my inclination, always to study how best to promote " the health and discipline of the troops ; and I have " always found it. only to be done by paying the strictest *' regard to regularity and good order, and the greatest " attention to the orders of their Officers. I address " myself now particularly to the older soldiers, and <' wish them to understand that their strict attention 8EVBNTT-8ECOMD REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 59 « (I u <« t\ n tt n (( « (( <( (( (( (( (i (( (( « to their discipline, and respect to their superiors, hA2 will often have the best effect on the younger soldiers; and it is, therefore, their duty to set a good example to their juniors by so doing; and by these means alone can they expect to command the respect and regard of the community amongst whom they are employed. I have made it my business to enquire particularly, and am rejoiced to find that the sbvemtt-^^-^H SECOND have always commanded that respect and regard, wherever they have been stationed, to which their high state of discipline and good order so justly entitle them. You will, I am sure, always recollect the circumstances under which these Colours are now given into your charge ; having been consecrated by one of the highest dignitaries of the Church, in the presence of Her Majesty, who now looks down upon you, and of her Royal Visitor : and I give them into c your chai^, confident that at all times, under all l circumstances, whether at home or abroad, and in i all privations, you will rally round them, and protect them to the utmost of your power." Colonel Arbuthnot, in reply, said :— ^ " " My Lord Duke, — It would be highly presumptuous in me, if I were to make an^- reply to the address which your Grace has deliverea vo us ; but I cannot avoid stating that it is impossible for me, and indeed, I may add, out of the power of any one to express, how deeply I, my Ofiicers, Non-Commissioned Officers, and Men, feel the high honour which has been conferred on us, by having had our Colours pre- sented to us by the greatest Soldier the world has ever seen, and that in the presence of our Sovereign, His Majesty the King of Prussia, and Field-Marshal His Royal Highness Prince Albert." ■i.i'T «0 HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUB 1843 The regiment remained at Windsor until April, 1 842, when it proceeded to Salford Barracks, from thence to Blackburn, and in September to Bolton, Lanca« shire. 1843 In April, 1843, the seventy-second regiment pro* ceeded to Dublin, and in August to Templemorei marching from thence to Fermoy in September. 1844 Quitting Fermoy on the 2nd of July,'1844,^the regi- ment proceeded to Buttevant, and on the 28th of September to Cork, having been put under orders for Foreign service. The six service companies, under the command of Lieut.*Coloncl Lord Arthur Lennox, cm- barked for Gibraltar in Her Majesty's troopship Resistance, from Cork, on the 27th of November, 1844, and disembarked at their destination on the 12th of December following. I .. ' 1845 "^^^ depdt companies marched from Cork to Tern- 1846 plemore in April, 1845, and to Ncnagh in February, 1847 1846. In September, 1847, they proceeded to Charles Fort, near Kinsale, and in December were removed to Scotland, and stationed at Paisley. The regiment remained at Gibraltar until February, 1848, and on the 15th of that month embarked for Barbadoes under the command of Lieut.- Colonel Gas- coyne, on board the Bombay transport. The following letter was addressed by General Sir Robert Wilson, Governor of Gibraltar, to the Adjutant-General re* porting the embarkation : — nm ' I ill j0 o Gibraltar, 15th of February, 1848. " Sir, " I have the honour to acquaintyou that Her Majesty's " SEVENTY-SECOND regiment embarked this morning on " board the transport Bombay, and I have the satis- " faction to add, that up to the last moment this disr 1848 ME VENTY- SECOND RBOIMENT OF HIOHLANDBRS. 61 tinguifhed corps conducted itself so as to merit the '^^^ highettt approbation that could be bestowed on the commanding officer, officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates for military qualities, and general de- portment towards the community at largo. 1 have, &c. R. T.Wilson, General and Governor." The SBVBNTT-SKCOND arrived at Barbadoes on the 14th of March, 1848. The depdt companies continued in North Britain, until the 18th of May, when they embarked for England, under Lieut.-Colonel C. M. Maclean, and arrived at Shecmess on the 24th of May, at which period this Record is concluded. 1848. ii^' ^iMimt<.*»!4i i?l** iN*l["4t'»*)- »rt> ntV *a«^BiJuf'i;rvf| U {''-' 1^^^ ni/- -s'js , »■ . 5 ,. ,jn, ^ff I't'i ,>•>• '»».> '. »n (V J/ -> j' "i - >f I !|»'>I* I JfW J'^, li il,Tl.|.>.«iU' ' I, .^:i|^l I SEVENTY SKCO.FJtt OR lUlDlHi OIK ALBANY S OWN Ffr Gumms MUueuy Rtcorxi^i . IktUU^^uA aWtUtnjitn S^ .S mission dated the 29th of December, 1777. His corps was soon fit for active service, and was admired for its warlike appearance. He embarked with it for the East Indies, and died on the passage in August, 1781» when his titles beCMQe extinct. ■-', ■<^'i.-,.^-> A^- idioivr ^v.: . Thomas Frederick Mackenzie Humberston, Appointed Lieut.- Colonel Commandantf 13th Feb, 1782. Thomas Frederick Mackenzie Humberston, grandson of Colonel the Honorable Alexander Mackenzie, second son of Kenneth fourth Earl of Seaforth, was appointed Comet in m SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. the first dragoon guards in June, 177f ; in 1775 he was promoted ' to a Lieutenancy, and in 1777 to Captain of a troop in the same corps. He took great interest in the formation of the Highland corps raised by his cousin, the Earl of Seaforth, now the seventy-second, or the Ouke of Albany's Own Highlanders, in which regiment he was appointed Captain in January, 1778, and Major in March, 1779. He was quartered with his regimentat Jersey,and tookan active share in repulsing the attempt made by a body of French troops to land on that island on the 1st of May, 1779. He afterwards took an active part in the formation of another corps of Highlanders, which was numbered the 100th regiment, of which he was appointed Lieut.-Colonel Commandant on the 5th of August, 1 7 80. Soon after its formation, the 100th regiment was selected to form part of an expedition against the Cape of Good Hope, and its commandant had the local rank of Colonel in the expedition ; the naval part of the enterprise was under the direction of Com- modore Johnstone. While the fleet was at Praya Bay, in St. Jago, one of the Cape de Verd Islands, it was suddenly attacked by a French squadron ; Colonel Humberston happened to be on shore at the time ; but so great was his ardour to share in the enterprise, that he swam to one of the ships that was engaged with the enemy, who was repulsed. In the meantime the Dutch garrison at the Cape had been rein- forced, the project of attacking that colony was laid aside, and Colonel Humberston proceeded with the land force to Bombay, where he arrived on the 22nd of January, 1782. In the meantime the Earl of Seaforth had died on the passage, without male issue, and Colonel Humberston pur- chased his estates, and succeeded him in the command of the regiment, now seven'iy-second Highlanders. After a short stay at Bombay, Colonel Humberston sailed for Madras, but receiving alarming news on the voyage, of the success of Hyder Ali, he called a council of war, which decided, that a diversion on the Malabar side of Hyder's dominions would be likely to prove of great advantage to the British interest ; he accordingly landed at Calicut on the 18th of February, with a' thousand men, and joining Major Abington's Sepoys, assumed the command of the united force. He took the field, drove Hyder's troops before him, and captured several forts. The monsoon approaching, he returned to Calicut, and placed the troops in quarters ] he afterwards SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 65 concluded a treaty with the sovereign of Travancore, who reinforced him with twelve hundred men. In September he again advanced — obtained possession of Ramjarree, and ap« preached Palacatcherry, and had the misfortune to lose a por- tion of his baggage, when an attack was made on his rear. Hyder Ali detached his son Tippoo Saib against Colonel Humberston, with twenty thousand men ; this force approached the British division and attacked its rear. After fighting every step of a long march, the colonel arrived at the river Paniane, which appeared impassable, but, after a painful search of two hours, a deep ford was found, and the soldiers passed the river, up to the chin in water, and only lost two black camp followers ; they afterwards gained the fort of Panian^. Tippoo expected to find Colonel Humberston's force an easy prey, and neglected to keep strict watch ; he was surprised to find the British had passed the river. He afterwards attempted to carry the lines at Panianii by assault ; but was repulsed with severe loss on the 28th of November. He blockaded the fort until he heard of his father's death, when he with* drew. Colonel Humberston afterwards joined the troops under Major-General Matthews, and was employed in several opera- tions on the Malabar coast. He subsequently accompanied Colonel Macleod to Bombay, to make some representations to the council, and sailed from thence, on the 5th of April, 1783, in the Ranger, to rejoin the army. Three days afterwards that vessel was attacked by the Mahratta fleet, and after a desperate resistance of five hours, was taken possession of. Every officer on board was either killed or wounded, and among them the gallant Colonel Humberston was shot through the body with a four-pound ball, of which he died at Geriah on the 30th of April, 1783. James Murray. Appointed Lieut.* Colonel Commandant, 1st Novetnber^ 1783, and Colonel in 1786. , Jambs Murray, second son of Lord George Murray, who was lieut.-general of the Pretender's forces during the rebel- lion in 1745 and 1746, served many years in the Forty-second Highlanders, in which corps he was appointed Captain on the 66 SUCCESSION or COLONELS. 20th of July, 1757. He eerved with his regiment in North America, under General Sir Jeifery (afterwards Lord) Am- herst, and after the conquest of Canada in 1 760 he returned to Europe, and served under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick in Germany, where he received a musket-ball in the breast, which could never be extracted, and which prevented his being able to lie in a recumbent posture during the remainder of his life. In 1769 he was promoted to captain and lieut.- colonel third foot guards, and was promoted to the rank of colonel on the 18th of December, 1777. He took an active part in the formation of the regiment of Highlanders raised by his uncle, John fourth Duke of Athol, which was numbered the 77th regiment, and he was appointed to the colonelcy by commission dated the 25th of December, 1777 : in 1782 he was promoted to the rank of major-general. At the peace in 1783, when the Athol Highlanders were dis- banded, he was nominated commandant of the Seventy-eighth, now SBVENTT-SECOND Highlanders. He was appointed governor of Fort William, in Scotland ; was many years a member of parliament for the county of Perth, and was pro- moted to the rank of lieut.-general in 1793. He died on the 19th of March, 1794. About eight weeks before his death he was stopped by two footpads on Hounslow Heath, when he jumped out of his carriage, drew a dirk, wounded one, and put both to flight. Adam Williamson. - Appointed \9th March, n94. Adam Williamson entered the army in the reign of King George II., and on the 2l8t of April, 1760, he was promoted cap- tain in the fortieth regiment. He served in North America during the seven years' war, and in 1770 he was promoted to the majority of the sixty-first foot, with which corps he served at the island of Minorca; on the 9th of December, 1775, he was promoted to, the lieut.-colonelcy of the eighteenth regi- ment, which corps he commanded many years with credit to himself, and advantage to the service. On the 20th of April, 1790, he was rewarded with the rank of major-general, and in July following with the colonelcy of the forty-seventh regi- ment, from which he was removed in 1794 to the sBVentt- SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 67 iBCOND Highlanders. In January, 1797, he was promoted to the rank of lieut-gcneral ; he was also honored with the dignity of Knight of the Order of the Bath, and appointed governor of Jamaica. His death took place on the 2l8t of October, 1798, and was occasioned by a fall. "■;■■' V '•' •'!• V-.' James Stuart. .. -v?.. .,,., „ ,:--,4 " *" Appointed 2Srd October^ 179S. 4^ James Stuart commenced his career of brilliant and honor- able service, as ensign in the sixty-fourth regiment, in October, 1761 ; in 1764 he was promoted to a lieutenancy, and in 1768 he accompanied the regiment to North America, where he was advanced to captain of the grenadier company in 1,770. He was stationed at Boston when hostilities com- menced between Great Britain and the colonies in North America. He shared in the severe duties at Boston during the winter of 1775-6, when that town was blockaded on the land side by the Americans, and subsequently proceeded to Halifax, from whence he sailed with the expedition towards New York, and was employed, under General Sir William Howe, in the reduction of Long Island, in August, 1*776, also in the movements by which possession was gained of New York, and the Americans forced from their positions at White Plains, which was followed by the capture of Fort Washington and Fort Lee. In the summer of 1777 he was engaged in operations in the Jerseys, and afterwards in the expedition to Pennsylvania ; he was engaged at the battle of Brandy wine, and in repulsing the attack of the Americans on the position at Qermantown. In the winter he was selected, as an officer of ability and experience, for the commission of major in the regiment of Highlanders, raised by the Earl of Seaforth, now the SEVENTY-SECOND, OT Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders, to which he was appointed by commission dated the 18th of December, 1777 ; but he did not arrive from America until August, 1778. He accompanied his regiment to the East Indies in 1781, with the local rank of lieut.-colonel in that country, and on the 2nd of June, 1782, he was at the action with the forces of Hyder Ali near Amee, under Lieut.-General Sir Eyre Coote. He commanded his regiment, in which he had been appointed lieut.-colonel in February, 1782, under f2 !'X 6a SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. Major-General Stuart, in the action near Cudalore, on the 13th of June, 1783, and was commended in the general's public despatch, and in orders. He served 'at the siege of Cudalore ; and subsequently penetrated into the Mysore under Colonel FuUerton, and was at the capture of the fortresses of Palacatcherry and Coimbetore. In 1788 he commanded a detachment sent against the refractory Rajah of the little Murwar country, when he engaged his opponents at Kallengoody, and captured Caliacoil, the capital. When Tippoo Sultan attacked the Rajah of Travancore, a British ally, Lieut.- Colonel Stuart commanded the left wing of the army assembled on Trichinopoly plain under Major-General Medows, and penetrated the Mysore. After the capture of Caroor, Daraporum, and Coimbetore, he was detached on the 23rd of July, 1790, against Palacatcherry, but his progress was impeded by heavy rains and mountain torrents, and his force was too weak for the reduction of the fortress ; he there- fore returned to Coimbetore. He was again detached, on the 2nd of August, against the fortress of Dindigal, which he took after a short siege. He afterwards traversed the country to Palacatcherry, which he besiged, and, when a practicable breach was made in the works, the garrison surrendered. He subsequently rejoined the army with his detachment, and was commended in general orders ; and he took part in the opera- tions of the campaign, evincing great personal bravery and ability on all occasions. Lieut.-Colonel Stuart commanded the right wing of the army under General Charles Earl Gornwallis, K.G., during the campaign of 1791 ; and after the capture of Bangalore the commander-in-chief expressed in orders his ** most grateful ** remembrance of the valuable and steady support afforded " him by Lieut.-Colonel Stuart." The lieut.-colonel also evinced personal gallantry and judgment at the battle near Seringapatam on the 15th of May, 1791 , and in the other opera- tions of this arduous campaign, including the retreat to Ban- galore. On the 9th of December he was detached against Savendroog, which he captured by storm on the 21st of that month; and three days afterwards he took the fortress of Outra-Durgum by a coup de main, for both of which services he was highly commended in general orders. He commanded the centre division, under Earl Comwallis, at the attack of BUCCEMION OF COLONELS. 69 the fortified linei at Seringapatam on the 6th of February, 1792, when he again diitinguiihed himaelf, and also in the subsequent operations until the power of Tlppoo was subdued, and he solicited terms of peace. On the 8th of August, 1792, he was honored with the appointment of aide-de-camp to the King, with the rank of colonel ; and in February, 1795, he was promoted to the rank of Major-General. He commanded the expedition against the Dutch Settlements in the island of Ceylon, captured Trincomalee after a short siege, took the forts and island of Manaar, and completed the conquest of the Dutch colony at Ceylon by the reduction of Colombo in February, 1796. On the 3rd of May following he was pro- moted to the local rank of lieut.-general in the East Indies, and appointed commander-in-chief of the army under the Bombay presidency. On the 2nd of March, 1797, he was appointed colonel of the eighty-second regiment, and in 1798 he was removed to the seventy -second Highlanders. When Tippoo Sultan sought union with the republican government of France, for the purpose of waging war against the British power in India, Lieut.-General Stuart commanded the forces from Bombay, which co-operated from Malabar, in the invasion of the Mysore. Having passed the eastern frontier, he was met by Tippoo at the head of a numerous force, and he repulsed the attack of the Mysorean army at Seedasere on the 6th of March, 1799. He afterwards advanced to Seringapatam, where he arrived in the early part of May, and took part in the siege of that fortress, which was captured by storm on the 4th of May, 1799, when Tippoo Sultan was killed, which terminated the war. On the 24th of February, 1801, Lieut-General Stuart was appointed commander-in-chief of the forces on the coast of Coromandel ; in 1802 he was promoted to the rank of lieut.- general; and in 1805 he returned to England. He was advanced to the rank of general in 1812. The decease of the excellent and highly respected officer occurred in 1815, after a distinguished service of fifty-four years. Rowland Lord Hill, G.C.B. Appointed 26th April, 1815. Removed to the fifty-third foot in 1817, and to the Royal Horse Guards in 1830. 70 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. Sir Qeorob Murray, O.C.B., G.C.H. Appointed 24th Februarif,lBn. ^ Removed to the forty-second, the Royal Highland regiment, in 1823. Sir John Hops, O.C.H. ^ { Appointed 6th September^ 1823. ,. . , oi ^i. JoRN Hopr entered the Dutch service, as a cadet, in one of the Scots regiments (Houston's) in the service of the United Provinces, in 1778, and served at Bergen-op-zoom and Maestricht, going through the subordinate ranks of corporal and Serjeant. In 1779 he was appointed ensign, and in 1782 he was promoted captain of a company ; but, being called upon to renounce his allegiance to the British monarch, he quitted the Dutch service, and in 1787 he was appointed captain in the sixtieth foot, but his company was soon afterwards reduced. On the 30th of June, 1788, he was appointed captain in the thirteenth light dragoons, and in 1792 he was nominated aide-de-camp to Lieut.*Oeneral Sir William Erskine, in which capacity he served the campaigns of 1*793 and 1794, in Holland, and returned to England in 1195, when he was pro- moted to the majority of the twenty-eighth light dragoons, and in 1796 to the lieut.- colonelcy of the same corps, with which he embarked for the Cape of Good Hope in the same year. He served at the Cape until 1799, when his regiment was incorporated in other corps, and he returned to England. In April, 1799, he was appointed to the thirty •> seventh foot, which corps he joined in 1800, in the West Indies, where he remained until 1804, when he returned to England, and exchanged to the sixtieth regiment. In 1805 he was nominated assistant adjutant-general in Scotland, and in 1807 he served as deputy adjutant-general to the expedi- tion to Copenhagen, under Lieut.-General Lord Cathcart. He was appointed brigadier-general on the staff of North Britain in 1808, and subsequently deputy adjutant-general in that part of the United Kingdom. He was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1810, and appointed to the staff of the Severn district, from whence he was removed to the staff of the Peninsula in 1812, and 'served with the army under the Duke of Wellington at the battle of Salamanca, for which 8UCCE88IOM Of COIiONBLS. 71 he received a medal. He subsequently served on the staiF of Ireland and North Britain until 1819, when he was promoted to the rank of lieut.-genend. He was honored with the dignity of Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order. In 1820 he was appointed colonel of the ninety-second regiment, from which he was removed, in 1828, to the SBVBNTY-SBCOND Highlanders. He died in August 1836. , fj-''i..« 0"//. Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.B. Appointed Id/A August, 1836. 1 ■/!.!'■. „! .5 .TvSjJ This officer commenced his military career, as an ensign in the First West India regiment, his commission being dated 3rd of October, 1799. On the 2l8t of August, 1801, he was promoted lieutenant in the thirty-fifth regiment, and on the 12th of February, 1802, he exchanged into the seventy-eighth regiment, from which he was promoted to a company in the seventy-fifth foot on the 9th of January, 1805. He obtained the brevet rank of Major on the 2nd of September, 1808, and was promoted to the rank of major in the seventieth regiment on the 15th of December following ; he was promoted to the brevet rank of lieut.-colonel in May, 1810, which was sub- sequently nnte-dated to the 15th of December, 1808. On the 13th of August, 1812, he exchanged to the sixty-third regiment; on the 4th of June, 1814, was promoted to the rank of colonel, and on the 25th of July, 1814, was appointed lieut.-coloneI in the Coldstream regiment of foot guards. He served during the Peninsular war, and was for a considerable time upon the steflF of the army under the Duke of Wellington. The Prince Regent appointed him a Knight Commander of the Most Honorable Military Order of the Bath on the 2nd of Janu- ary, 1815, and he also received a cross and/ix clasps for I'ala- vera, fiusaco, Fuentes d'Onor, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, and Toulouse. Sir Colin Campbell also greatly distinguished himself in the field at the ever memor- able Battle of Waterloo. He was advanced to the rank of major-general on the 27th of May, 1825, and in March, 1828, was appointed Lieut.-Govemor of Portsmouth ; — on the 15th of August, 1834, His Majesty King William IV. conferred upon h'm the colonelcy of the ninety-ninth regiment, from which he was removed to the SEVKNTr-SECOND Highlanders 72 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. on the 15th of August, 1886. On the 28th of June, 1838, he obtained the rank of lieut.-general, and Her Majeity, in July, 1839, was graciously pleased to appoint Sir Colin Campbell to serve upon the staff of the army in Nova Scotia and its dependencies; in November, 1840, he was appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Ceylon, from which island he had returned but a short period, when, after an illness of only two days, he expired at his residence in King Street, St. James's, on Sunday the 13th of June, 1847. Lieut.-General Sir Neil Douglas, K.C.B. and K.C.H, Appointed from the Eighty-Jirst regiment on the \2th of July, 1847. rn. i. *' i I . ! --J \'''''K k; • ,'. J " !* - 1 *J ». > 1^ 'V LoNDOH ; Printed by WibUAM Clowh and Spm, Stamford Sttect. Hx'f^ For Hmr M^ie«ty'( Sutionery Office. /{^.j,^ \ )38, , in olin otia ited lich an ing .H, as; n ^ \Li i» ' — '