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The following diagrams Illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fllmAs A des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est f llmA A psrtir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 6 EMIGRATION TO CANADA. ♦ This little Piun})hlet is written with a view to enlighten the toiling fatnilies of England, and othei-s who may anticipate Emigration to Canada in the Spring of 1875, and to those who liave the desire to settle on land. The writer, who huti had groat experience m clearing land in Ontario, Canada, will endeavour to show, in as brief a space as possible, what poor families may do for themselves by emigrating to Canada, in abput four years. For instance — four families, tolerably well^ clothed, and landuig without a shilling at Quebec, on May 1st, 1875, each family consisting of man, wife, and four children, with health, strength, and willing hearts, and by combining together, may realize the following results by November 1st, 1878. :— Each family the owners of 200 acres of land, with comfoi-table shanty, $150 in cash, lU bushels of wheat, 12^ do. peas, 50 do. potatoes, 300 do. turnips, 1 cuw, 1 calf, pigs and poultry ; and 1 yoke of oxen, 1 waggon and set of tools between them, 25 acres cleared on each farm lot, 12| acres sown wheat, 5 of clover and grass, and 7h acres suitable for any other agricultural purpose. February 2nd, 1875. J. W. DOWN. i» What Combination will do for Emigi-ants to Canada is shown in the following pages. To all those possessing health, strength, and willing hearts, success is cei-tain, and failure impossible. To show how this can be ac- complished I will take for example four families, and each family consisting of man, wife, and four children, aged from six to four- teen years — half boys and half girls. Having determined to Emigrate to Canada, they should also make up their mind to keep together almost as one family, for about four years. Tliey should get an assisted ])assage to Quebec, and on landing, say May 1st, 1875, they should see the Ontario agent at that po/t, who is always at hand, on the the arrival of every steamer or sailing ship, who will send them to any part of Ontario free, and give them an order for provisions to last them whilst travelling — all free of charge. Emigrants should ascertain from him where he could send them, that ^they may all get good employment close together. On gaining the requirfite information they should go on by first train to destination, ami engage them- selves with tlie farmers for at least 12 mouths, or 16 months, if possible — this would, bring them into September, 1876, they would then have saved with economy and industry $200 — each family. They would therefore possess capital amounting to $800, and by this time they would have learned the customs and working of the country. The men would then be in a position to go off to the Free Grant District, rnd take up 200 acres of land for each family, and thus be enabled to live in close })roximity to each other. Suitable sites for the erection of four shanties should be selected ; and with he assistance of the settlers, who are always ready to lend a helping h \nd, the whole party may be settled in their new homes ^'y tho 1st of Octol>er. The eldest branches — say two boys and r>:,d girl — may remain in service another year, and that would be a great advantage as they could earn, in'espective of board and lodgings, $200 at least. Now, I allow about $100 for moving the families, «fec., ^400 for a stock of provisions, .jnplements, v the four men should hire out for a month and half, also the two eldest children at home. They would earn in the month and half say $150 and their board — cash increased to $236. The children now come home from the old settlements, and after paying their fare and spending $20 in clothing, &c., bring $160 — thus inc*^asing the cash to $396 — food for oxen whilst logging $20 — cash reduced $376 ; buy 53 bushels of seed wheat, which copt say $60, and a few pounds oifgrass and clover seed 80 as to crop five acres on the lot belonging to each family — cost say $10 — cash now reduced to $306. Three of the men and the boys should commenoe splitting rails Dehilst the other men must be sowing the wheat Mid seed, and dragging it in with the oxen. The reader will understi'iid that the land requiit's tio jilouglung — iiotliing l)ut dnigging, this by the first week in October all the wheat and seed coiUd be 80W11 iuid I'eiioed ; this could be done (hirini( tlie first year, and the four tkinilies would pOHHi'SH capital in rMsh of !*3()n, ont^ yoke \' of oxen, two cows and calves, 4 hogs, lot of fowls, an«l live acres of turnips and potatoes ready for taking ui> and jmtting l)y for winter use, and ,'}."» acres of wheat sown and fenced. Some of the men must now set to work and put up a loi^ sta/n<> for the oxen and cows, and got up the ])otatoes and turnips. They nm«t also get say two tons of hay uv a few loads of straw at a cost of about $2(i — cash reduce .ipcctivo homes the family circle would be complete. They may di\ ide, and would stand thus, after the wheat is so!. I. Say tlicy sell 000 bushels of wheat for $000, this would give .^l.")0 cash to eacli family, 200 acres of laud, with a com- fortidile slianty, 34 l)ushols i>f v\ heat, 12i bushels of peas, 50 busiiels of pdtatoes, over 300 IhisIkiIs nfturnijjs, one cow and calf, pigs, and poultry; and the partias would also possess for mutual use, one yoke of oxen, waggon, and tools. Tlio families may now divide themselves into sections, and it would b<' iidvisablo to plant fruit trees, le for any numl>'^r of families to combine; Mid if they only have a tirm deterTuiuatiau and work unitedly, may accomplish, within the period I have mohtioned, viz., from the Spring of this year to 1878, more achievements than my suggestions allow. In conclusion, T nuiy say il must be obvious to the thoughtfixl or casual reader, that if it is possible for a poor man landing in Canada, vnthout a shil/inf/, tiji s to elevate himself and his family to comfortable jiositions hi so short a space of time, the small farmer with a capital of about =£500 v, ould be enabled to render his position the most lucrative and inde[> ^lulent. Hundreds ot young fai-mers in England, who have a capita i ftf about £400 or .£500, '^an scaicely subsist; and Avith a wife and femily they have often to drag out a miserable existence. I say to such men — to men of industry and physical calibre — cheer up your spirits and cross the Atlantic! It is only 10 days' joxxrney to Quebec. Go to Canada and stand by the Old Flag. Be united — and as yeai-s roll on the sons of Britannia will build up another and greater England in the Dominion of Canada. i J. W. DOWN, General Emigration Agent, Victoria Street, Bristol, Of whom Assisted Pas».sage^ may be obtained at all times. u' -r\. ■.•r ,#■ r •-.» 1 ■---WHiJW»^^^ » »^^>^W> ^w ^Wi ^>WWM»■ l "W i "W »"^W^^^ la i^^ "^ c A r^ AS A FIELD F The following Lettem, written hy Mr. J. W. Down^ of Victona Streety B " Bristol Observer," may he of special import to pevaons interested in &c., it will he ohvioua that whilst Canada impa/rts facilities for the enjo\ capital which may well vie ivith the comm,ercial world. A Letter is / Canada through Mr. Downs Agency. KMrGRATION TO CANADA. ( To the Editors of the Observer.) Gentlemen, — I take the liberty of addressing you Iroin this city, and as I am making a tour of the Canadian province will, with your kind pemission^ do so weekly whilst in the country. Your readers are no doubt well aware 1 left Liverpool on Thursday, October 15th, by the Allan Royal mail steamer, v/ith a large number of female domestics, for Ontario. We had some terrific Vi'eather for a few days, and head v/inds the whole passage; but tne good ship Sarmatian reached Quebec on Monday last, all well. On arrival we were met by the Ontario and Dominion agents. All were provided with a free pass to their destina- tion. My party were supplied with 20 dollars' worth of provisions, to last them in the train, free of cost, by the Ontario a,gent. On their arrival at a position near Mon- treal, at about 10 ]).m., the agent mot them and supplied them with a good substantial supper at the refreshment rooms. Then on their arrival at Prescott Jvmction 50 mibs from this, we were met by Mr. William J. Wilh, Dominion agent at this city, who gave all a good break- fast, and aft rwards accompanied us to our journey's end. On our arrival here all were taken to an Hotel, \ here they will be made comfortable. Situations are obtaJneu on very satisfactory terms, Init the exact wages they are to get I do not yet know, but will state full par- ticulars ill my next. All the girls wi!l be placed in their new homes to-morrow. Had i hod three times the number, I should have jiad no troul^le in getting them places. The demand for servants is enormous. Ladies come on board the steamer at Quebec, and others meet the train at various places — all wanting to engage girls. On cominjj up the country 1 was astonished to see the great improvements made both in cultivation and build- ings since my last visit six years ago. I have already seen some parties who came to this country through iitP, v^ho are perfectly satisfied with the change the> have made, and so far I have heard no complaints. I am going up through the country on purpo-.e to get more personal information of the country, and will put myself as much as I possibly can ir. the right quarter to obtain good, sound information, and will write a truthful account of the same, let it be black or white. So far as 1 can see at present, i must say it looks very promising to intending emigrants ol certain classes. On such I will express myself more 1 dollars per month. I not friends to go to, w wages and places. I they will be very disap and get better wages, the agricultural labov the top wages on a perseverance they w cou.itry, and commar been in this city I hav returned from the free taken up 200 acres lands in the front ar who have the heart to will find some of th have spent two weels settlers are very con oats, &c., they say t never saw any settler leave, but '^.ey say frightened, and return all. These two men i ^ am goiug on a fe^^ ne\/ country, and will Ham or Bruce, and gi the west as I possibly I am, t Toronto, Canada, I LIll (To the Gentlkmen,— It this little enterprising from the Atlantic. 1 ago ; it then consistec tavern, a blacksmith's now has about 2,000 travelling through thi and been over a couni wild deer, and fou ir. abundance. How forest abounding with cornfields and meadi N A D A ELD FOR EMIGRATION "ictoHa Slreety Bristol, during his recent visit Co the Dominion of Canada^ and which have appeared in the sons interested in Emigration; and r,s they contain incontrovertible /acts relative to the country , soil, wages, lities for the enjoy7iient of hecdth, freedom, and happiness, it also affords advantages /or the accumulation of Id. A Letter is herewith appended from Mr. J. Wilkins, one of a number of Emigrants, who have gone to liars per month. I hope none will come out who have t friends to go to, without they are willing to take such Lges and places. If they come out with different ideas 2y will be very disappointed, but good servants soon get on cl get better wages. The same hint would also apply to e agricultural labourer, &c. None must expect to get s top wages on arrival to commence with, but with rseverance they would soon learu the ways of the uatry, and command the highest wages. Since I have en in this city I have fallen in with two young *n^n just turned from the free grant lands, in Muskoko, wlio have ken up 200 acres each. They informed me that the ads in the front are very rough and stony, but those ho have the heart to go on a little further into the forest ill find some of the finest land in the country. They Lve spent two weeks in that region, and say the new ttlers are very contented, and l»etter crops of potatoes, its, &c., they say they never saw. Tliey also say they 5ver saw any settler who was dissatisfied, and wished to avc, but :''.ey say hundreds go to this district and get Ightened, and return home without seeing the country at I. These two men are going to return and settle at once, am goiiig on a few hundred miles further west up in the :\/ country, and will write you again from the county of am or Bruce, and give your readers as true an account of e west as I possibly can I am. Gentlemen, yours truly, JOHN W. DOWN. Toronto, Canada, Nov. 4th, 1874. LIFE IN CANADA. ( To the Editors of the Observer.) Gkntlkmen, — It is with pleasure I Jaddress you from lis little enterprising village of the West, over 1,000 miles om the Atlantic. 1 first saw this village about 17 years TO ; it then consisted of only some two or three shops, a .vern, a blacksmith's shop, and a few scattering houses ; it 3w has about 2,000 inhabitants. I have spent five days avelling through this country — Huron and part of Bruce, id been over a country where years ago I used to hunt the ild deer, and found them then in this wild forest . abundance. How altered it is now, instead of a wild •rest abounding with deer, <&c. , it consists now of beautiful jrnfields and meadows, tolerabljc. well stocked, and in a good wages &t this late season of the year. In all parts of the country the demand for servants (female domestic) is enormous. As a rale, general servants' wages are from fix to nine dollars ptr month to commence with, board, Ac, all found. Too many of that class cannot come to this country. Since I wrote you last I have visited a district near Toronto where there are a lot of old homesteads for sale, and ascertained the reason they were for disposal, which I find satisfactory, and can, with confidence recommend any person who has a notion of farming, and who possess a small capital, to tliese lands, where they can buy a good lOO-acre farm, in a high state of cultivatioii, with good brick house, barn, and out -buildings, with a bearing orchard, for 4,000 dollars ; terms, half cash, balance by yearly instal- ments. In many cases less than half cash may be paid down . These landi; are close to market and railway station, and the land as gootl as any in England.* The taxes on such a farm as the above would not exceed £^ sterling per year. I have seen hundreds of emigrants from all parts of England, who have lived in Canada from 30 years down to two months, and, strange to say, all are satisfied. Not a complaiiit have I heard, or have I seen a man wanting employment who wanted work ; but, on the contrary, I have seen many wanting hands. As I am returnint to England by this week's steamer, I shall at once publisl a general report, and give general and practical hints, and I trust all intending emigrants will read it before they make up their minds to leave England. When all make themselves familiar with its contents and come to Canada we shall hea • no complaint from this gloric is colony. To show you the fteling of emigrants I give you a copy of a form had printed, and is signed now by over 1,000 Englishmen, Not one person I liave sliown it to but signed it without hesitation:— [COPY.] *• We, the undersigned emigrants of Canada, are perfectly satisfied with the country, and can with great confidence recommend Canada as a field for emifi;ration to the working classes of Great Bri ain. Below we give our ptesent address in Canada, and when in England ." This ought to saiiify any right-thinking man or woman that Canada is a god country. One thing I shall always feel grateful to the i)eople of Canada for the way they have treated me on this tour. I have met with the kindest of T »if ^certain clas fully herca/ter. certain classes. On such I will express myself ivore i By giving this letter space in your valuable paper you will greatly oljjige, yours respectfully, JOHN W. DOWN, (Of Victoria Street, Brisiol.) Ottawa, Ontario, Oct. 28th, 1074. EMIGRATION TO CANADA. ( To the Editors of the Observer.) Gentlemen — According to promise I address you from this City. 1 left Ottawa on Friday last, aftc seeing all emigrants settled in good aces ; the girls ure to got from six dollars to nine dollars per month, and all found. I could have placed 5cx) more \/ithout irouble. Men are getting from 10 to 16 dollars per month, with board, &c., and 1 do not know of an emigrant not employed. In travel- ling on the train, I fell in with some farmers from the county of Prince Edward, and being determined to gain information f^ot into conversation with them. Their cries were unai.iiuous for labour One farmer said he nould place 200 good working men in that county at 16 dollars per month, with l>«j-,ud and lodgings. I have not seen a single man yet look'ii]^ for f*mployment, and have not heard of a single complaLu. I have visited many families from old Bristol and neighbourhood who have been here through my agency. Amongst them I would mention Mr. Fredk. H owell, late of Totterdown, who has not been here more than a year. Mrs. Howell told me she only wished they had come years ago. She says she would not live in England again on any account. She says her husband can now bring home twenty dollars a week, and living is much cheaper, she says, although last winter her husband was unable to work tnrough illness and hard weather for three months, still they wanted for nothing, and never lived better in their lives. Their son who came out a little while before them, and sent for his family since, is also doing well, and is now keeping a shop. Many others I could mention who tell the same story, and agree that this is a better country than England i:^ a working man, and would advise such to come ; but tho5^. who do not like work had better give Canada a wide berth. It is astonishing the growth of this city since my last visit ; I could not have believed it, in fact could hardly believe it was the same city. Only fancy o' 2,6Cl(»4iiQ))S^^eing built this year, which number I am told has acLuaiiy'T5(gW*imTlt since last spring, anH are mostly completed. 'Mr. Donaldson, the Dominion agent here, says he will guafkatee to place 1,000 men and 500 female ser- vants next sjppittg, say early in April, at good wages, in one week, in th^ district alone. So any who wish to emig^rate have nr»thiin|r to f«ar. I can plainly see that there is a bettl|'m|nceTpr jHnprking man now here than there ever was.A l^fi^sh it to be distinctl) understood that such as clerks,' professional men, shop assistants, &c., had better ^riii»(i I fttittlitL t n thi T countiy, as I can plainly see they are not wanteo!' '"""Whfliif-tis^ wanted, and arc sure to succeed and do ^ws^kJ^ ^^nntng labourers, fjurm hands, and good workingvm^chanics ; any number of $uch men cannot fail, iffinale Wvsuati aiae< wanted, and in greater demand, if '"T, 4'?aNtefil^'t5esmge from 6 dpls. up to 20 dote, month, Ir. su^c»^ with^JOKiird an<11odging. ' Bst all who 'hes^ to emi^U kiust^n arrival sxpu:t to take a place as a gnalWPli WMl In |i(iaB»ironto ncKt week, should there be one to spare out of the mber which has just arived by tiie Polynesian. Wages I2 llai-; per month, with board and lodgir.ffs all the winter. rvant girls, general servants, are wanted grcutly everywhere JO. I find I can place without difficulty 5,000 p«o^Ve m itario next spring, and guarantee to give satisfaction to any isonable man or woman who may place themselves in ray nds. I am arranging with farmers, &c., and intend coming t again early in the spring with any number who may pat emselves in my care. Canada, as a country, is greatly mis- presented in England. With some the very mention of inada brmgs up visions of eternal snows, or of a Russian inter, of interminable and uselj^s forests, of inaccessible id worthless territory, and of a people far behind in 'the arch of civilization, if, indeed, they have even started from a ite of barbarism. Canada need only to be known to be highly appreciated, be even sought as a residence by those who love refinement society, beauty in scenery, healthfulness in the atmosphere, id even luxury in life. Rightly understood it will be felt as * importance by the man of commerce, it will be viewed as a ild of operation by the enterprising, the political economist ill regard it as affording a fine and profitable study, while ► the philanthropist it will present a scene of prosperity, lorality, security, and contentment, combined with progress nequalled in the world of the present, ai.d even in the istory of the past. To-morrow I commence to retrace my steps towards 'oronto, through a different route to which I came, and rill write you once more next week from Ontario. I intend liling for England from Quebf by the Royal Mail steamer •olynesian on Saturday, the 21st. I am, Gentiemcr., Yours, &c, J. W. Down. Clinton, Ontario, Nov. 11, 1874. LIFE IN CANADA. ( To ihe Editors of the Observer. ) Genilemen, — I OHM more address you from Canada. I Mire now jtravelled ^^^ 3,ooo miles of Cftnadian country, and lave maxie inquiries as to lAboarers reauired at all pointSi and lad that hunareds of good men cotud get empioymeot at feel grateful to the )tople of Canada for the way ihey have treated me on this tour. . I have met with the kindest of treatment from all, rich and poor. 1 am. Gentlemen, Yours respectfully, JOIiy W. DOWN, of Victoria Street, Brlatol. Montreal, Nov. 1 8th, 1874. The Jotlowing Letter has been received from yames Wilkins^ who went out fr^ Bletchingley, Surrey ^ last spring, as one of the Nscw Brunsruick colony. New Brunswick, Canada, October 3rd, 1874. D*»ar Father and Mother, I nov.' write a fc.v lines to let you know that 1 am happy, and getting on lirst-rate. I have got a good farm, and that is more than 1 evei should have goi at Bletchingley, if I had worked till I was a hundred years old. I have got plenty of wood, and you can have it for fetching ; it seems a sin to burn so much in wiiste when there are so many poor people that would be glad of it ; it would be worth a good bit in England. My tittber consists of beach, birch, maple, fir, spruce, pine, cedai, av^d dogwood. I cut it down and junk it up and let it lay awhile, and then set fire to it, and then that runs over the ground ; that is the first burn, and the second burn is to pick it up and pile it and then burn again, and the third bun) is to grub all the stubs we can ; some of them will not come out for five years, but we pile the roots up again and then burn again, and then we have got a nice lot of ashes to harrow in. We sow our grain and it grows well, for it k good soil. I have got twelve bushels of potatoes planted out, and they tell me that will grow from twenty to twenty-four bushels ; besides, 1 can grow other little things, such as radishes, peas, parsnips, scarlet-runners, bushloans, pumkins, cucumbers, and Spanish onions ; f nd now I am going to plant my autumn wheat. I am very busy making a cellar for potatoes, and the people tell me it will hold 100 barrels, and it is worth $20 to me. I have a nice house with four rooms in it. I can have as big a garden as I like. My farm is ico acres. The French settlers are quite beat with the Englishmen's farming. We have a nice road being made through the settlement. We like the water very much. I shall get six acres more land ready for my spring crops. I have just sown a bushel of wheat for expe- rience. Thomas Terry and I keep jogging on togtther. I have got four men and two boys at work, and I hope to have a cow and a horse before long. I think the Union has put us into a irood spot. I hear you have a good harvest; I hope the fanners won't break. The Government think of having fifty more families next spring. There is plenty of room for ail the labourers in England here. Come out here and be farmers ; it is better to be in a free country than t# be bound down by the hard-hearted farmers of England. We are all like brothers and sisters here. We kill two or three sheep every week, so I do a little butchering ; I sell it out at five and six cents, per pound ; and I do hair-cutting and get five cents, for each j therefore I am butcher, barber, imA sometimes carpenter. Remember me to enquiring fiiends. From your ever-loving son and daughter, James and Mary WiikiHs. JKFFERIES, CAMTHGI BUILDINiSS, BRISTOL.