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-^«lfe'^

%■

MEMOIRS

O F T H E

SIEGE of QUEBEC,

CAPITAL of ALL CANADA,

AND

Of the R E T R E A T of

Monfieur DE BOURLEMAQU E,

From CARILLON to the ISLE AUX NOIX •
In Lake CHAMPLAIN.

« . ► -

FROM THE
JOURNAL of a FRENCH OFFICER

* On Board the C H E Z I N E Frigate,
Taken by his Majefty's Ship R I P P O N. »

Compared with the Accounts tranfmitted Home

By Major General Wolfe, and Vice-Admiral Saunders j

With Occafional Remarks.

ByP.icHARD Gardiner, Efq; Captain of Marines in the Rippon.

In Joys of Conqueft he refigns his Breath,

And, fiU'd with ENGLAND'S Glory, smiles in Death,.

Add. Campaign,

LONDON:

Printed for R. and J. Dodsley, in PallmalL Mdcclxi,
[Price One Shilling and Six Pence.]

-*\

/ "39i

I 3 ]

y'^^mflr

T O T H E

HONOURABLE

GEORGE HOBART, Efq;

SIR,

AT the Clofe of a fuccefsful Campaign, or after the Surrender of a
fortified Town or City, there is fomething Angularly pleafing
in hearing the Account given by the Enemy of the continual
and conftant Apprehenfions of the Garrifon within the Walls, during
the Progrefs of a Siege, and while it has been carrying on in Form i
how the Inhabitants have been affeded upon every nearer Approach
of an inverting Army j how they felt along each wounded Line, and
trembled at each widening Breach j in hourly Alarms, and like the
watchful Miftrefs of the Web, though fierce in Appearance, proud of
the Variety of her Works, and threatening Defiance to every Invader,
yet inwardly diffident of their Strength, and flying to her retired
Hold on a more brifk and powerful AlTault than ufual ; how they
formed on any Motions aftually made againft them, or guarded and
prepared againft others expeded to be made ; what raifed their Hopes
alternately, and what their Fears j their Confultations, and their Rc-
folutions: Thefe are Particulars more ftriking to the Imagination
than a perfedl Knowledge of our own Defigns, or a compleat Hiftory
of what paffed in Camp or Trenches. The publick Prints in England

A 2 are

4 DEDICATION.

are ufually confined to the latter Tranfa6tlons only, and inform the
Reader what Methods of Attack were purfued on one Side, but fcl-
dom what Precautions were obferved on the other -, or whether we
triumphed through Superiority of Courage and Numbers, or through
the Negledt and Inattention of the Enemy : in a word, that the Eng/i/b
won a Battle, and the French lofl it ; that we took a Town, not how
they defended it, makes up the Detail of moft of our Publick Mi-
litary Defcriptions : the Knowledge of the former Event is certainly
the moft material, but that of the latter is far from being unenter-
taining.

'Tis in this View I have prefunied to lay the following Sheets
before you, as they may poflibly contribute to amufe an idle Hour
in the Country (if any of yours can with Propriety be called fuch)
and at the fame Time introduce to your Recollei^ion a Man at a
Diftance from you, who ever fo remotely employed in the publick
Service, has a Heart ftill alive to the warm Senfations of private
Friendships at home, and Gratitude ever to think with Pleafure on
that in particular, which Mr. Hob art has honoured him with.

The Kingdom of France^ perhaps, was never more reduced in
its Naval Power than at this /Era of Time before us ; perhaps not
in any one Period of its Hiftory whatever. It was a ftanding Com-
plaint againft the late Cardinal Fleury\ that during hi? long Miniftry,
the Marine Department was entirely negleded ; and that in Con-
fequence of this Inattention, at the breaking out of the laft War,
the French Navy was not only not upon a refpccHiable Footing, but
was even held in Contempt by the Fleets of other Nations, par-
ticularly by thofe of ^pain and England^ and was very unequal to
fupport the Grand Monarque in the Credit due to him as a Mart-
time Power; but tlie prefent low State and fliattered Condition
of their Marine is owing to a Caufe more glorious to our August
Sovereign, and his triumphant Subjedts, to Victory: Their Ships
are now diminiihed in their Numbers, not from Mifmanagement in
the Gallic State, but from Britifi Capture, from being fubducd or
deftroyed, from Defeats repeated, Conqueft ftill following where-
e'er die Flag of Efigland flew, with a moft amazing Rapidity, in all
Parts of the known World : in fliort, the French are at this Inftant

but

DEDICATION. 5

but feldom feen upon the Ocean, for this plain Reafon only, be-
caufe they have been beat and burnt out of it by the Englip.

For fome Time pad no Line of Battle Ship has returned
to France^ that upon Enquiry has not been found to have got
in by Stealth j if Reinforcements are to be fent abroad to any of
their few remaining Settlements, are we not prefently informed
that fome Man of War has Jlipt out in the Night, and luckily
having efcaped the Channel Cruizers, has run away in the Dark^
with her Troops on board for the Eajl or IVeJl Indies f Their Ports
are every where almoft blocked up ; their foreign Trade not fo
much impaired as annihilated ^ their Merchantmen all turned Pri-
vateers, and fo in due Courfe of Time becoming Englijh Prizes j our
Men of War hourly infulting their Coafts, riding at Anchor in their
Harbours, purfuing their fcatterred Fleets from Bay to Bay, and
River to River ; fpreading Terror and Confulion throughout every
Province in the Kingdom, burning their Towns and Forts, cutting
out their Ships from under their Guns, driving others againft the
Rocks, and making the very ^hore of France confpire to the Ruin of
its own Navy, and prefent Deftrudion inftead of Refuge to the dif-
perfed and flying Squadrons of its Sovereign,

Far be it from me to exaggerate the BritiJJj Power upon the watry
Element ; but I believe this is well known to be the true diftrejfed
State of the Marine of Fratice at this Jundure i and his Present
Majesty, whofe AccefTion to the Imperial Crown of thefe his
Realms, fo illuftrioufly begins, and is fo fair in Profpeft to add ilill
greater Honour to himfelf and Glory to his People, has an undoubt-
ed Right, if ever any Britijh Monarch had, or victorious Fleets and
Armies can procure it, to oblige more Nations than one to acknow-
ledge his Sovereignty on the Oceon, and to ftrike to his Royal Flag,
in whatever Seas or Climates it may be met.

Whether this Superiority over the Grand Diflurher of
Europe^ in his Naval Strength, is owing to the great Increafe of
Riches and Commerce in England of late Years, or whether the
People in general may not have taken a more martial Turn, and
have been roufed and animated by the continual Iiifults and De-

pre-

6 DEDICATION.

predations of the common Enemy, into a more glorious Warmth
and Spirit for Aftion, is not for me to determine j certain it is, that
Britijh Courage may Jleep for a while i but though it flumbers, it is
ov\\y for a Time^ and will moft afluredly /zw^yJf whenever called upon
in earnefi : whatever is the Caufe, the Event is plain and obvious, and
our Pre-eminence at Sea confeflcd by all the States and Potentates
around us.

And here it might not be improper to mention the diflinguiHied
Valour and Intrepidity of his Majefty's Officers and Men in both
Services, as being perhaps in feme meafure conducive to this noble
Acquifition j but an Officer writes with an ill Grace upon {q partial
a Subjed; however, thus much it is poiTible may be faid without
Offence, that hitherto but few of them have been found wanting in
their moft ftrenuous Endeavours to promote the Attainment of it,
nor many of thofe employed abroad, difcovered to be much inferior
to the French in Capacity and Refolution, and once indeed have been
fo happy as to be told from the Throne, (a Reward and Recompence
glorious beyond all others) that their Behaviour had been fuch, as
that the Enemy for the future might learn " Wlmt droops they had
** tc dealiviih" when they oppof:d his Majefty's Arms in Baitle.

I have hinted this only in order, with your Indulgence, to take
Notice of a Remark too frequently made, and a very fevere Cen-
fure it is upon military Gentlemen in general, that is, ** That
" allowing them Bravery, they ftill are deficient in their Knowledge
" of the Art of JVar, and by no means equal to the French in the
" latter Refpe£iy however fuperior they may be to them in the for-
*^ mer .*" the following Sheets will, I hope, affiard a noble, and I
would willingly think a convincing Proof to the contrary, and tend
to root out a Notion fo long eftabli(hed, and fo implicitly fwallowed,
to the Difadvantage of our Officers in the Fleet and Army ; whether
we confider the Condudl of the important Expediton before us, on
the Z/j«^or 5(?flfide of the Queftion j whether wc confider the great
Abilities, ^nd thorough Knowledge in his Profeffion, required of ai?r/-
tiJJ: Admiral to fteer his Squadrons with Safety in fo intricate a
Navigation as that of the River of St. Laurence, and fo little known
to Englijlmen j where all Lights and Informations were to be had,

and

DEDICATION. 7

and muft be had, from the Enemy tbemfelvesy and Diredions of every
Sort were to be borrowed from French Charts, French Obfervations,
and French Pilots: Or whether we confider the compr ..'jenjive Judg^
went. Penetration, Prefence of Mind, and martial Science, to be ex-
pected from a Leader of Troops, fuch as to promife, or even give
jfaint Hopes of Succefs in fo remote, uncuhivated, inhofpitable a Coun-
try as that of Canada i where Rivers, Woods, and Mountains break
off all Communication i where the very Face of Nature is fet againft
the Invader, and is ftrong as the ftrongeft Barrier j where uncommon
Heats and ' Cold are in Alliance with, and fight for the Adverfaryj
where a Field of Adlion is ro be made, and not to be found, to try
your Strength upon, and to give even a Chance for Viftory j and where,
if by Accident, an inconfiderable Plain presents itfelf, wide enough
for Troops to enter upon Adion, Entrenchments and Redoubts forbid
Accefs J where the Foe lies buried up to the Teeth, each Avenue fhut,
and every Pafs fecurely fortified j and this in a Region where Britons
having been known to fail bejore in their Attacks, had given frefli
Spirits to a vain-glorious Enemy, who vaunted their Forts and Lines
to be impregnable, provoking, not fearing an Afiault j and laughing
at the ^iixotifm of a Britijh Landing.

However, if oppreffed and loaded with fuch uncommon Difliculties,
the Britijh Officers ftill made their Way to Conqueft, returned home
in Triumph, receiving the Applaufes of their Country, rejoicing their
Sovereign, and bringing frefli Laurels to crown his aged Brow, bloom-
ing even from the Wilds of America j furely it is but common Candor
to believe, and allow, that Men who thus fucceeded, v/ho thus tri-
umphed, beyond all Hope and Opinion, fi'rinounting Obftacles judged
to be infurmountable, and reaping fuch Iron Harvefts of the Field,
could not be Men very ignorant in their Profeffion, or remarkably defi-
cient in the Knowledge of the Art of War,

The Navigation of the Fleet was no lefs difficult and hazardous, as
will i:iore particularly appear from a View ot the South Chamiel of the

River

• " The exce/Tive Coldnefs of the Climate, &c. infomuch thyt before the End of
jtpril lOOO were dead, and above 2000 of what remained totallj^ untit foi any Service.

Brigadier Murraf s Letter from i^eba^ May 25, 176c.

DEDICATION.

KWct Si.LiUfrencet even after our Shipping had advanced fecurely
above the very dangerous Paffage of the Traverse '' at the End of the
I/Ie of Orleans j the following Obfervations which I have traced from a
French Chart found on board the Chezine will ferve to illuftrate this
more clearly.

From the E N E. Point of Orleans to the S E. better than a Mile,
lie the Ifles Atix Rots and Madame^ between which and that of Orleans
is (ituated the Traverse at the Opening of the two Channels which
lead up N. and S. of the Ifle of Orleans^ to Quebec.

The whole Breadth of the River St, Laurence off the Traverfe from
the North Shore to the South, from Cape Torment to Bertter, is only
3 Leagues, Depth of Water lo Fathom j and the broadeft Part of the
South Channel, which our Ships went up by the Side of the Ifle of Or-
kanSy oppofitc to St. John's, one League only j and the narroweft half
a League.

The whole of this Channel is exceeding dangerous,' and the Paf-
fage up fo nice, that it might with fome Propriety be confidered as
the principal Outwork of Quebec, and in ordinary Attacks more to
be depended upon, than the ftrongeft Fortificatiojis or Defences of the
Town.

In the winding Part of the S. Channel, from Beaumont over to the
Village oi Si. Laurence, in the Ifle of Orleans, there runs out a Sand
three Quarters of a Mile long, and the Shore from Side to Side is bare-
ly two Miles broad. This S;\nd fl:retches up the Channel from the
ENE. to the WSW. along the New England Shore for {even Miks
ahead, being one Third of the Navigation from the Traverse to the
Points of Orleans and Levi, between which the Englijh Fleet af-
terwards anchored. The Length of the Ifland of Orleans, from the
ENE. Point to the WSW. is about fix French Leagues, and the
broadeft Parts about two.

See the firft Pages of the Journal.

Fffom

DEDICATION. 9

From St. Bernaifiey where the Fleet firfl came to an Anchor, up to
the Traverse, (a Diftance of 38 Leagues) there is a Number of Shoalsy
Sandit and little JJlands ' interfperfed ; and here indeed the Difficulty
of the Navigation feems to commence ; for the River of St, Laurence
is pretty clear and open till the Ships arrive off this Cw/^, and the
greateft: Danger to be dreaded is that of Fogs, or hard Gales of Wind
which may drive a Fleet on the S. or N. Shore; as was the Cafe in the
Expedition againfl: ^ebcc in the Queen's Time, under the Command
of Sk Hovefidon IValker^ and GenerA Hilly (A. D. 1711.) where the
Briti/Jj Squadron was run upon the Ifland of Eggs^ which they could
not weather, eight Tranfports (Iranded with 804 Men on board, and the
whole, thro' the Ignorance of the Pilots and Violence of the Winds, in
imminent Danger of being loft.

The Fogs are likewife very alarming to Mariners, and very frequent
in this River j fo much fo, that we ought to think ourfelves extremely
happy and much favoured by Providence, ( which through the
whole Progrefs of the prefent War feems in a particular Manner to
have diftinguiflied the Juftice of the Britijh Caufe) that our Naval
Officers were blelTed with a clear ferene Sky and moderate Weather to
work their Ships in, and to fleer them from Sand to Sand, and Shoal
to Shoal, in the moft difficult Parts of this hazardous Channel, keep-
ing their Courfe dired:, and Aiding up to the very Walls of the Town
without Interruption or one fatal Accident, without running on Shore
in one Place, upon Rocks in another, or cvan foul o( ihtxv own Ships ^^
and guiding the Helm with fuch ExaSiitude and majierly Skilly as if
the Guardian Angel of the Britijh Realms had /V/^^' conduced this
moft fortunate Armament, and from every IJle or IJland^ Cape or Point
of Landy which it was dangerous to approach, had timely warned the
Engliflj Admiraly proclaiming aloud.

Hitherto JJjalt thou comey but no farther*

^.,4

The following beautiful Lines of Claudian, if ever they were ap-
plicable to any Man, were fo in a particular Manner to Mr. Saun-
ders on this Occalion :

J»!.

See the firft Pages of the Journal.

DEDICATION.

ii.

• Of nimium DileBe DEO, cut militat iExHER,
Et CoNjuRATi vcmu?it ad Cloaca Venti.

Succefs in fo perilous a Navigation will, I hope, incline the yet
unprejudiced Part of the World to imagine, that the Officers of our
Fleet are likewife not unacquainted in their feveral and refpedtive De-
partments, nor at all inferior to the Enemy in Seamanjhip^ and what
relates to the Head as well as the Heart of bold, aftive, and expe-
rienced Commanders.

Such and fo great were the Difficulties attending this extraordinary
Expedition in the Jirft Injiance ordy^ and before the Troops could be
brought into Adiion yOX even landed to make an Attempt, fo that when the
^vbole of the Operations of this Campaign arc taken into Confideration, it
may well be efteemed, and I think, impartially, the moft arduous
Undertaking, and the moft important Atchievement that has taken
Place fince the Beginning of this War j an Expedition big with as in-
terejiing Events, as perhaps was ever defigned by an able and penetrating
Minifter, or carried into Execution by a gallant and enterprizing Ge-
neral J fo as to leave the fcrutinizing World and Lookers on of all Na-
tions in Sufpence which to admire moft, the extenfive Genius of the
one^ or the matchlefs Intrepidity of the other j the glorious Offspring of
which illuftrious Endeavours was the Reduction of all Canada to
His Majesty's Obedience, and the Cbajiijing the overbearing Info'
lence of a proud, wary, reftlefs and perfidious Enemy, whilft it pleated
Providence to blefs the King's Caufe, and crown his Arms with
fuch a Rapidity of Succefs, and fuch a Torrent of brilliant Fi^ories, as
muft for ever diftinguifli the military Prowefs and awakened Spirit of
England in all martial Hijlory throughout the World.

I fhould now. Sir, apologize for the tedious Length of this. Will
it be allowed in Excufe that, warmed with the delightful Profpedt of
the Giory of our Country, I have fuffered the Pen to wander, nor
ftop'd its Progrefs, while on a Subjedl fo tranfporting to a Soldier
and a Briton f In either of which Lights ftiould you think of me to
Advantage, my Ambition is anfwered 3 for your Approbation will al-

, , ways

DEDICATION. ii

ways convey fufficient Applaufe, and your Friendfliip confer fufficient
Honour upon,

SIR,

Your moft obliged and obedient
From on Board His humble Servant,

Majefty's Ship Rip-

P?"' i.\^"'^"r Richard Gardiner.

Bay, Feb.ilj,i76i.

The Squadron under Sir Edward Hawke is now lying between the
Main Land of France and the beautiful Ifland of Belleisle j at a
little Diftance from us to the E S E. is St, GildaSy a p ^nt Village,
fituated on an Eminence which commands the Bay of ^iberon^
Belleijle, the Seay the Cardinals^ and feveral fmall IJlands -, on the
Summit of the Hill ftands the celebrated Convent of thv<^ Paraclete,
founded by Abelard and Eloisa, and walled in with txtenfive Gar-
dens to the Southward j the Situation is very delightful to the Eyes,
and the Village (as I am informed) is in Summer Time a Place of
great Refort.

I'll

(1;

H 2

MEMOIRS

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ON the 10th of May f 1759, Monfteur de BougalnviUe arrived 1759.
2X^iehec^ from Old France^ in the Chezine, Captain Ducks ^ ^■%'**
foon after which we had an Account of the Arrival in the ^^X
River of 15 Merchantmen, under the Convoy of Monfteur Kamu* ; io«
and on the 20th counted 23 Sail in the '' Bafon of ^ebec. Thefe 20.
VefTels came in very good time, for the Englijfj Fleet was foon after
them, and on the Night of the 23d, the Fires on Point Levi

gave

■J:|-.jJ"|- „1

• For a Lift of the Convoy under Monfieur Kanou, fee the hft Page of thefe Memoirs.

^ The Bafon before Quebec, from the South Shore to the Nerlhj oppofite to the Village
o{ CharUbourgy is about two Miles and a Half broad.

This Bafon is formed by the two Channels of the River St. Laurence (called the
North and South Channel) which empty themfelvcs into it, and unite before the
Town J after this Confluence the River runs up above the Town in one Channel
only, to the S. W. leading to Montreal^ &c. but the Stream fets to the N. E.

^ebec ftands on a Point of Land on the North Shore, p;ojcdting towards the
Bafon and the Ifle of Orleans.

14 M EM 1 R S of the

lycQ. gave us Notice of its Approach to the ' Bee. Thefe Signals were
r confirmed by a Courier, who brought Intelligence, that 14 Ships
were already come to an Anchor at St. Bernebie ■*.

Monfimr de Montcalnit who was then at ^ebecy immediately
difpatched an Exprefs to Monfieur de * Vaudreuit with this Account,
who inftantly repaired to the Garrifon, and both Generals made
the neceflary Diipofitions for a vigorous Defence. Orders were
given out for affembling the Militia every where, and five Bat-
talions were fent tor from Montreal ^ j a Body of Uorfe, confilling of
200 Men, were raifed, and the Command given to Monfiettr ik k
Roche Beaucour. The Beaufort Side of the Coaft was fortified all
along from the River St. Charles to the Falls of Montmorency j a
Bridge of Boats was built over this River, and the 7>/^</tt Po«/ (or
Head of the Bridge) defended by a Horn-Work; an Entrenchment
was thrown up in the Prairie (or Meadow) of Monjieur Hich^t
which was carried on from St, Rock to the Bridge j the Entrance of
the River St. Charles was fecured by a Boom, and . this Boom de-
fended by two Hulks with Cannon, which were run a(hore a litilc
within the Chain j feveral Bateaux (or Boats) were put upon the
Stocks, fome of which were to carry a twelve, and others a four-
teen Pounder: A kind of ■ floating Battery was hkewife begun

upon,

• T ^

* The Becy or Zf/V, is a '"mall Ifland in the River St. Leurence, diftant from
l^ebec and Pohit Levi (whicu is oppofite to it) about forty-three Fretuh Leagues.

'' 5/. Bernabie is about three Leagues lower down from the BeCy to the W. N. W.

' Le Marquis de Vaudreuily Grand Croix of the Royal and Military Order of 5/.
LciL'isy was Ciovernor and Licutcnant-General f )r the trench King, in Canada^ and
ufually refidedat AJontreal.

' Montreal is a large fortified Town, fituated upon an Ifland in the River St.
Laurence, about 180 Miles higher up, and to the Southward of Quebec. It is called
Alotitreal at prefent (or Mont Royal) from a very high Mountain that overlooks the
Ifland ; but formerly, and indeed originally, it bore the Name of Ville Marie, or
Mary's Town. The River of St. Laurence^ at Montreal^ is about three Miles broad,
but it is not navigable beyond for Rocks and Catara£ls.

The Province of Canada^ or Nnu France^ of which Sluehtc was confidered as the
Capital, is fituated between 70 and 105 Long. W. andoetwecn 35 and 58 Lat. N.
is according to the lateft Computations 1800 Miles long, and 1260 broad; bounded
by AVw Britain and Britijh Canada on the North \ by New Siotlandy New England^ and
i^nvYcrkyOn the Eaji ; and by Unknown Lands on the iVeJl.

s To the uncommon Strength of the Country, the Enemy have added (for the

Dc-

if,

Siege ^ Q^U E B E C.

upon, of twelve Embrafures, to carry Cannon of twelve, eighteen, 1759.
and twenty-four Pounders, and ninety Men, and the Command *—-v-*^
given to Captain Duchs^ of the Chezine^ who was the Inventor of
it. Batteries en Barbette were eredled on the ^ay du Palais^
and thoie on the P.amparts, and in the Lower Town, were re-
paired, completed, and confiderably enlarged. Eight VefTels were
likewife fitted out as *" Fire-Ships, which did no Execution, owing
to the ill Management of the Officers who had the Dired:ion of
them: Fire-Stages were likewife built, but met with as little Suc-
cefs as the Ships. A Street was opened in the Garden of the Bi-
fhop's Palace, for the eafier Communication between the Town and
Ramparts : the Paflage that led to the Lower Town was blocked
up, and the Walls of the Houfes pulled down, that were adjoin-
ing to it. The Breaches in the City Walls were all filled up, and
fuch of them as could not be finifhed with Mafonry, for want of
Time, were fecured by a Palifadey from any fudden Attack (or
Coup de Main). The Ships which were not likely to be wanted
during the Siege, were ordered up the River, as far as ' Batifcan^
and all the Seamen taken out, but fuch as were abfolutely neceflary
for working them ; the reft were employed at the Batteries j and
all Perfons who could be of no Service in the Siege, fuch as La-
dies and others, were defired to vvithdraw from the City j this Re-
queft being confidered by moll People as an Order, was fubmitted
to, but not without Relu<ftance.

About the Middle of June^ Advice was received that the whole June
of the Englijh Fleet was arrived at the Bec^ and the Wind at 26.
North Eaji continuing to favour them, we foon learnt that they
had pafted all the dangerous Shoals and bad Ground, and without

any

DeA T ■" of the River) a grt^it "^nmhtx oi Floating Batteries and Boats. Letter from
Major General IVolfe.

^ Seven of thcfe Fire-Ships were fent down from Quebec, at Midnight, the 28th
of June, upon our Men of War and Tranfports, but were all towed aihore by the
Bo^ts of the Squadron, without doing any Mifchicf, notwithftanding the Fleet
was fo numerous, and fpread fo great a rart of the Channel : the next Night
General Alonckton landed with his Brigade, and took Poflefllon of Point Levi, Letter from
Hce jidmiral Saunders^ Sept. C.

' Batifcan lies about 20 Leagues above the l^own j Admiral Holmes went up with
his Divifion ten or twelve Leagues, in order to deftroy them, but could get no farther.

16 M E M 1 R S 0/ the '■ .

1759. any Accident v^ere lafe at an Anchor along the Ifle of Orleans.
The Traverse, ^ a Channel fo difficuh to crofs, if our pilots are to be
credited, was cleared without any Trouble by the Englijh Squadron,
notwithftanding the Buoys were all cut away, and many of the
Ships ran over it, even in the Night. The Fleet of the Enemy
conliftcd of 160 Sail. We counted fixteen of the Line (of which
three mounted eighty Guns) and eight Frigates j the left were
Tranfports of different Sorts. Vice Admiral Saunders commanded
the Men of War, and Major General Wolfe the Troops deftined

,-1... ^>

.r*:,*^. -rf ««4

^ The Traverse lies at the E. or N. E. End of the Ifle of OrUantt about twenty
Miles below ^ubic, where the River St. Laurence divides itfcif into two Channels,
one running on the North., and the other on the South Side of Orleans. The Breadth
of the River, from Shore to Shore, from Cape T^r/nrw/ to Bertier^ is about nine Miles,
but thv^ Mouth of the South Chtmnel, which our Fleet pafTed at the Traverji\ is
choiked op with a number of Rocks, and Sands, and little Iflands. From the N. E.
End of it, at the Diftance of four Leagues to the S. W. are Sands and Rocks running
up for twelve Miles to the Ifle f^crtu., which is two Leagues long ; oppofite to this
is another Ifland, guarded with a round Sand, bigger and broader than itfelf
confiderably, being only a Mile and a Half long, called the Ifle /?[o«f^ ; the Paflage
for the P'leet, between thefe two Iflands, is a League and a Half broad.

From the Ifle Rouge, proceeding on :o the S. W. about four Leagues, is fituated the
Ifle yiu Lievre, the Approach to which, on the North SiJe, is prevented by a Sand
five Miles long, and three Qi^iarters broad, with a Rock in the Middle of it j on the
South Side are three little Rocks, and from the Middle of this Ifland to the S. W.
End of it, runs a Sand twelve Miles long, and three bread, with three Rocks in it.
Oppofite this Sand, to the Southward, are four Rocks, and a Sand with five
more Rocks a little higher up upon it ; the Paflagc for the Shipping between thcfc
two Sands, to the South of Lievre, is about a League broad, and on the A'br//^ Side of
the Ifland but Half a one : This Sand extends above fifteen Miles from below
Lei Pelleciers up to Cape Cameras, and higher.

About fcven Miles farther up, a broad Oval Sand runs almoft acrofs the River, with-
in three Miles of Cape An Oye^ on the oppofite Shore ; the River is here about ten Miles
broad, feven of which arc covered with this Sand, to the Weftward of which is another
Sand and Rock, and th? Ifland of Ju Coudre, the Paflage open to the Fleet between
them not being broader than one Mile and a Half.

From the Ifle Au Couth e up to the Traverfe is one continual and wide extended Sand
lying in the Middle of the River, full of Rocks, ftretching thirty Miles in Length,
and better than two Leagues broad in fomc Parts of it. The Paflage on each Side
for the Squadron, in the narrowed Part, is only a Mile and a Half, on thr North Side
it is Icarce a Mile.

This Sand with the little IWcs Aux Rots, Madame, and the Sands interfper fed around
them, lead the Approach to the Ifland of Orleans, and the Mouth of the South Channel
to .^tehec at the Traverfe ; and from the Traverfe up to ^ebec the Navigation is
already mentioned in the Dedication.

From Point Levi all along the Coaft to the Mountains of 0«r Lady, on the South
Shore, a Diftance of about 120 Miles, are fituated a number of Towns and Villages,
and a greater ftill in Proportion to the Diftance, on the Canada or North Sidc.^.

Siege of Q^V E B E C.1 ^ 17

to form the Siege, and which might in rhe whole amount to about lyro.
8 or 9000 efFcd:ive Men. . u-y^ij

The whole of our Army was aflembled at Beauporfy the lafl: June
Day of June^ confifting of five Battalions of regular Troops, from 30.
7 to 800 a Battalion, the Troops of the Colony, and near an equal
Number of Savages i the reft were only Militia, and made up in
the whole about 14000 Men. . ,- . .

The Right of the Camp was fixed near the Decoy, and the Left
extended to the Fai/s of Mofitmorency. The Church of Beauport was
in the Center j on the Left were encamped the Battalion of Royal
Roufilkn, the Volunteers of Dubrel, the Militia of Montreal, and all
the Savages^ under the Command of the Chevalier de Levy,

Monfieur Dumas commanded the Right Wing of the Army,
which was compofed of the Militia of^eSec, and of the ' 7'rois Rwieres
(or three Rivers) whilft the Troops of the Colony were divided
between the Left and Right. Monfieur de Senezergue, Brigadier
General, commanded the Center of the Camp, and had under his
Orders the Battalions of La Sarre, Langujdoc, Guyenne, and Beam,
The Head ^larters were fixed at the Houfe of Monfieur de Fienne,
called La Mijianguienne. The Garrifon of the Town was compofed
of the Burghers and the Seamen, in all about 2000. The Troops
and the Burghers rolled together, and did Duty with one another,
and the Seamen and their Officers were employed at the Batteries
under the Command of the Officers of the Artillery. The Troops
in the Garrifon were relieved every four Days from the Camp. A
Company of Pioneers was likewife formed to carry on the neceflary
Works during the Siege, under the Diredion of the Surveyor or
Builder of the King's Ships.

Monfieur de Ramefay, Lieutenant de Roy, commanded in the

C Town,

' The Trots Rivures is a Government on the North Shore, near half-way
between i^uebec and Montreal ; the Capital of this Government bears the fame
Name, but is only an open itraggling Village.

tii :|

1759-

MEMOIRS <f tke

Town, and bad under hitn Mtmfieur Le Cbevaiier de heriUy to whom
the Defence of the Lower Town was particularly entruifted. v . >

J^U Ofl the 3,0th of yunfy the Enemy landed 300a Men at PcintLevt,
-iQ. to oppofe which Body, a Party of a hundred Savages on/y was de-
'^ tached from Camp, who "^ fkirmifhed with them for a few Hours,
and then returned back, bringing with them about Thirty Scalps.
Had a more confiderable Force been ordered out upon this Service,
fufRcient to have brought on a fcrious Affair, and to ' ^ve ended it to
our Advantage, it certainly had been more for the InL.ceft of our Ge-
nerals i this indeed was propofed, but as it did not tally with the
Plan of Defence agreed on, it was rejeded and dropped : whatever
was the Reafon, the Englijh did not fail to turn it to good Account >
and to avail themfelves of our Inactivity on this Occafion, which
furnifhcd them with an Opportunity to fortify themfelves on this
Side, and to ere6t Batteries which played bri/kly on the Town, and
foon reduced it to allies ". They opened thefe Batteries on the
1 2th of jf^/y in the Night, which never ceafed firing from that Time
to the 1 8th of September-, a Day famous for the Surrender o£

The

" ** The advanced Parties upon this Occafion had two or three Skirmifljes with ths
CoNadians and Indians^ with little Lofs on either Side." General Wolfe's Letter.

■ •* Batteries of Cannon and Mortars were eredted with great Difpatch on the
" Point of Lev'i^ to bombard the Town and Magazines, and to injure the Works
*' and Batteries."

** The EfFc<ft of this Artillery has been fo great (tho' acrofs the River) that the
" Upper Town is confiderably damaged, and the Lower Town entirely deftroyed."
Wolfe.

The Breadth of the River from the Englijh Batteries to the Lower Town and Citadel^
was about Three Quarters of a Mile : the Batteries confifted of 12, 24, and 32 Pound-
ers with feven Mortars. Brigadier Monckten^ who commanded at Point Levi^ had for-
tified his Camp with feveral Redoubts^ and a Battery of two Guns upon the Point it-

felf.

General Wolfe mentions an Attempt of the Enemy to deftroy thefe Works, who fent
out a Detachment of 1600 Men for that Furpofe, but falling into Confufion, they fired
upon one another and went back again.

Siege of<\\3 E B E C. 19

The Cftmp'on Pmnt Levi Wf.s fcarccly fixed, when ** another was dif- 1759.
covered of greater Extent on the Point c^ the Ifland of Orleans : but this i-*" v ^
laft difappeared in a few Oays, and we obfervcd a Number of Barges, July 8.
(or flat- bottomed Boats, full of Soldiers) to enter the p North Channel,
and draw up tinder the Cannon of two Frigates, which two Days before
came to an Anchor oppofite to the Church of the *• Guardian Angel. At .
firft it was a Doubt in our Camp, whether this Motion of the
Enemy had any real Objed; or Defign, and under this falfe Perfua-
fion, that nothing could be attempted on that Side, no Meafures were
talcen, either to prevent or dlfconcert their Operations, or to make
them purchafe their Succefs at a dear Rate. . : ,j^

I *

General Wolfe obferving no Difpofition on our Side to difpute a
Landing, made a ■" Defcent on the 9th of July in the Morning, and
in Effect, met with no Oppofition, but from the Savages ' j thefe lat-
ter attacked a Corps of 400 Men, which they defeated j but this Party
being confiderably reinforced, the Indians were obliged to give way in
their Turn, and were driven off; they fent however to the Chevalier
De Levy for Afliftance, but he arrived too late. This was not the
only Inftance, in which the Slownefs of our Motions was of Service to
the Enemy.

C 2 General

9th.

• Col. CarUton marched with a Detachment to the Wejiernmoji Point of the Ifle of
Orltam.

It was abfolutely neceflary to poflefs thefe two Points and fortify them, becaufe from
either the one or the other, the Enemy might make it impoflible for any Ship to lye in
the Bafon o{ ^ebecy or even within two Miies of it. IVolfe.

f ** It being refolved to land on the North Shore, below the Falls of Montmorency., I
** placed on the 8th inftant (July) his Majefty's Sloop the Porcupine and the Bofcawtn
•* armed Veflel, in the Channel between Orleans and the North Shore to cover the Land-
* * ing." Letter from Admiral Saunders.

*« About three Miles from the River and Falls of Montmorency, lower down the North
Chinnel.

' We paffed the North Channel at Night, and encamped near theEncmy's Left, the
River Montmorency between us. IVolfe.

• " The next Morning (after Landing) Captain Dank'^ Company of Rangers, poft-
** ed in a Wood to cover fome Workmen, were attacked and defeated by a Body of
•* Indians, and had fo many killed and wounded, as tobe almoft difablcd r the reft of
*• the Campaign ; the Enemv alfo fuffered in this Affair, and were in their Turn driven
*' off by the nearcft Troops.'^ IVolfe.

^7'!9'

i8th.

M E M O I R S ^ />&^

General Wolfe finding no farther Refiftance to be made, took
PofTcffion of the Heights to the Left of the Falls of Montmorency y and
which commanded all the Country to the Right ; there fixed his own
Camp, and fortified it with Entrenchments towards the Wood j he
eredled likewife a ftrong Battery, which enfiladed and raked the Camp
of the CheTalier De Lev)\ and would have reduced him to the Necef-
fity of quitting it, had he not thrown up Traverfes ' to fecure it from
the Cannon. General Wolfe being Mafter of the Shore Side to the
Left of the Falls of Montmorency ^ made no farther Advances, the Ob-
jedl he had in View was, to make an Attack upon our Camp 'j but the
oppofite Banks of the River where he was obliged to crofs, were fo
high and fteep, and the little Safety there was in pafling a Ford he had
but a flender Knowledge of, together with the Number of thicl^
Woods which covered the Country round, presented fuch a Variety
of Difficulties to him, as were not eafily to be furmounted j however
by drawing our Attention another Way, and obliging us to "* divide
our Forces, he flattered himfelf, he fliould in the End accomplilh his
Defign.

* .

With this View, he caufed * two Ships to pafs above the Town of
9luebec. This Movement did not much alarm us at firft, but others foon
after taking the fame Route, and this little Fleet increafing every Day,

our

* Banh oi Earth thrown perpendicularly acrofs a Line to intercept the Enemy's Shot,
and to prevent its being rakeJ. Thefe Traverfcs are fometimes fix or fevcn Feet high,
cfpecially if the Line is commanded by any Eminence, and about 12 or 18 Feet thick,
ib as to be Cannon Proof; a Communication is preferved at one End of the Traverfr^ by
leaving a Pajjazt five or fix Feet wide. ' -

' " I had Flopes that poflibly Means might be found of pafling the River above, fo
as to fight the Marquis De Montcalm upon Terms of lefs Difadvantage, than diredly at~
tacking his Entrenchments. Wolfe.

*' In reconnoitring the River Montmorency., we found it fordable at a Place about
three Miles up, but the c^ps///.? i/aw^ was intrenched, ^nd io Jleep and woody, that it was
to no Purpofc to attempt a Paflagc there." Wolfe. * ' '■

* " However to </;t;;Vf the Enemy's Force, &c." Wolfe.

» " On the 17th, I ordered Captain ^(7«i of the S?rf/;^r/fl«</ to proceed with the firft
*' fair Wind :ind Night-Tide above the Town of Quebec, and to take with him his Ma-
" jefty's Ships Diana and 5ftt//7v/with two armed Sloops^ and two C<///; loaded with Pro-

" vifions,

Siege of Q^U E B E C.

our Generals began to be " uneafy, and thereupon detached 1 200 Men
from the Camp to keep the Enemy in Awe on that Side, and to pre-«.
vent their making a Defcent.

Notwithftandlng this Precaution, Mr. Wolfe contrived to ■ land
fome Troops at the Point De Trempe^ vf)\o » carried off fome Ladies,
and conduced them on board the Admiral's Ship. His Excellency re-
ceived his Prifoners very gracioufly, entertained them for two Days,
and then fent them back, greatly charmed with his Politenefs, and the
genteel Treatment they had met with. . .

This little Squadron moved ftill higher up, and came to an Anchor
at the Falls of Richelieu '', and from thence detached 800 Men in
flat-bottomed Boats, who landed at Des Chamheaux % and marched
diredly to a Houfe, where the Cloathing and Camp Equipage of many
of our OfHcers were laid up, and fet it on Fire. Here they fpread in-
to the Country, and colledled together a Number of Cattle, which
they made a iliow of carrying off j but a Body of twenty Horfe
appearing unexpededly, the Englifh took fright, threw themfelves
into their Boats with fome Precipitation, and returned on board their
Ships again.

All thefeTranfadions were attended with no Events of Confcquence,

and in no Shape forwarded the main Defign of General Wolfe, who

•1 • , - . in

*• vlfions, and on the i8th they all got up except the Diana, and gave General Wolfe
" an Opportunity of reconnoitring above the Town." Saunders.

y I thought of attempting it [to land) at St. Michael's about three Miles above
the Town, but perceiving that the Enemy were jealous of the Defign, were
preparing againft it, &c. it feemed fo hazardous, that I thought it beft to defift.
IFol/e.

' I fent a Detachment under the Command o( Colonel Carlelon to land at the Point De
Tretnpe to attack whatever he might find there, bring off fome Prifoners, and all the ufeful
Papers he could get.

* The Colonel brought ofFycOTf Prifoners, and returned with little Lofs. Wolfe.

^ At the Falls of Richtlieu on the South Shore, nearly oppofite to De Chambaud, about
24 Miles above the Town of Quebec.

' This landing at Des Chamb'caux was not effeded till after the Adlion of the 31ft of

'* Imme-

175^-

ill

MEMOIRSe/^/*^

tn the End took a * Rcfoltrtion to make an open and general Attack iip-
on our Camp, and that in fach a Manner as 'Was moft likjcly to finifl*
the Difpute between us. Accordingly the 3 ift of yuly was pitched up-
on as the Day for this brilliant Onlet, and at Nine o'Clock in the
Mormng, four Veflels got on their Way, and advanced towards the
Point De Lejfe. This is a tow Point near the Falls oi Montmorency ^ and
running out a little into the Sea, prefcnting when the Tide \z out
a very good Field for Adion j on the SlKwe (which rofc in a Kind of
Amphitheatre) our Generals had thrown up an Entrenchment danked
with two ' Redoubts^ one of which mounted Cannon. Two of the
fail juft now mentioned ran in within the Point, and two others
went aground on Purpofe above itj a fifth, which appeared to us
to be a Man of War oV 60 Guns, came very near the former, but
did not run a(hore, and all three began a very brifk Fire apon our En-
trnchments, which lafled from Eleven in the Morning to Seven
o'clock at Night «. This Fire was feconded by the Batteries on the
"Falhy which, notwithftanding the Trarcerfei^ galled our Men more
than the Difcharge from the Shipping.

Soon

** Immediately afterthis Check {July 31ft) 1 fent Brigadier Murray abov-the Town
** with 1200 Men, &c. He landed unexpcdlcdly at De Chambaudy and burnt a Ma-
** gazine there, in which were fome Provifions, fome Ammunition, and all the fpare
** Stores, Cloathtngy Arms and Baggage of their Army." JVolfe.

'' '* I now rdblved to take the nrft Opportunity which prefeated itfelf of attacking
«* the Enemy, &c." JVolfe.

*' Previous to this Engagement of the 31ft, the Enemy had fent down on the 28th
** at Midnight, a Raft of Fire-Stages, of near a hundred Radtaux j which fucceeded
♦* no better than their Fire-Ships already mentioned." Saunders.

' A Redoubt is a Work thrown up for the Security of Lines and Entrenchments, con-
fifting generally of three, four, or more Sides, furrounded with a Bank and Ditch,
and mounting Cannon ; it is a temporary Fortification, and moftly ufed for the Defence
of a Camp, or fome Port of Confequenre.

' " To cover {i\\c Troops on Landing) I placed the Centurion in the Channel between
** the Ille of Orleans and the Falls (o( Montmorency) and ran on Shore at high Water,
** two Catts., which I had armed for that Purpofe, againft two fmall B*tterics and two
** Redoubts, where our Troops were to land." Saunders.

The Fire of this Ship was of great Service, particularly in filencing in a great mca-
fure the Battery of the Enemy which commanded the Ford at the FeUs^ where the two
Brigades of General Murray and Townjhend were to pafs in order to attack the Ltft of
the French Army.

* " A great Q^iantity of Artillery was placed upon the Eminence^ fo as to batter
" and eKJiilade the Left of their Entrenchments^* Wolfe,

if:

Siege of Q^U E B E C.

Soon after the cannonading took place, about a •» hundred Boa,, p it
off from the Point De Levi, and naade for the JJle of Orleans ; it vT v
then part all doubt, that an ^ffault was intended. — The General w^s
beat, and the whole of our Troops marched out, and lined the ' En-
trenchments from the Center of the Camp to the Left. — The Fire of
the Englijh was very fmart , but our Canadiam, tho' it waa the firft
Time they had ever i^tn the Face of an Enemy, remained unterrified,
and flood to their Arms with a Steadinefs, that greatly pleafed our Ge-
nerals, and merited their Applaufe.

About Five o'CIock in;the Afternoon, the '^ Boats, which not without
great Difficulty had got the length of the IHe of Orleans, advanced
towards the Point De Lejfe, and thcra landed about 2000 Men.

At that very inftant appeared General Wolfe at the Head of a
Column of 4000 Men, which had paffed the ' Ford at the Falls of
Montmorency, and marched up to one of our Redoubts, which we had
abandoned for want of Powder and Ball j he gave orders to the "" Gre-
nadiers to feize upon this Redoubtt but they were diHodged very fcon

«3

■759-

' " The Boats of the Fleet were filled with Grenadiers, and a Part of Brigadier
*• Monckton's Brigade from the Point o{ Levi." Wolfe.

' The Entrenchments ran all along the Shore from the River St, Charles to the Ford at
Montmorency, and were defended by nine Redoubts and ten hatteries with a Mortar near
Beaufort ; mounting in all thirty-three Guns ; the Batteries were within lefs than a
Quarter of a Mile of one another, that is, within Mufquet Shot ; tor tho' the Point
B'~nk Flight of a Mufquet Ball is generally computed at no more than 26c Yards, yet
a very littie Elevation of the Muiijuet will do good Execution at a Diftance of 360.
The Floating Battery of 12 Guns was placed at the Mouth of the River St. Charles.

* "With Brigadier Monekton'n Detachment from Point Levi,

^ The Breadth of the Ford at the Falls at Montmorency was about 150 Yards 5 the Falls
of Montmorency were 300 Feet high.

• ** The Grenadiers were ordered to form themfelves" into four diftindt Bodies, and
*• to begin the Attack, fi'oportcd by Brigadier J/o«fi/o«'s Corps, asfoonas the Troops
*♦ (under Afr.TownJkend and Murray) hwi paffed the Ford, and were at hand to affiftj
** but inftead of y^rm/nf themfelves as they were dire£led, they ran on impetuoufly to-
•* wards the Enemy's Entrenchments in the utmoft Diforder and Confufion, without
•' waiting for the Corps which were to fuftain them, and join in the Attack, &c.

** The Grenadiers were checked, and obliged to fhelter themfelves in or about the
" Redoubt, which the /V^wA abandoned upon their Approach." Wolfe.
^Net very likely for icant of Powder and Ball)

24 MEMOlRSoftJbe

1759. by the Fire of our Mufquetry, and obliged to retire in Difordcr, when
the General, inftead of rallying or bringing them back to the Charge, or-
dered the " Retreat to be beat.

11} <'

.'•I
'•1

The Advantage which we had of the Ground, and the gor 1 Order
he obferved in our Troops, probably inclined the EngliJJj General to
lay afide all Thoughts of fucceeding in this Attack, and induced him
to give it up. Ceriain it is, that had he attempted to have forced our
Lines, his whole Army would have run a Rifque of being" cut to
Pieces j for he muft have carried the Entrenchments by an Efcalad^
on three Sides very difficult to be mounted, and that in the Face o
an Army much ^ Superior to his own. . . •, ,

We loft in the Adion ^j Men killed and wounded, and the Ene-
my about q 300. The Seamen that belonged to the two Ships
that were aground, after ' fctting Fire to them, retired to their
Boats.

'■r< •

.-'<•'■

Auguft During the greateft Part of the Month of Augnji, General Wolfe
remained ' inadive in hir Camp upon the Falls of Montmorency^ and
• .V -. , . . .. confined

" I faw the abfolute Nece/Tity of calling them off, that they might form themfelves
behind Brigadier yWcwc/t/iJw's Corps.

It was near Night, a fuddcn Siorm came on, and the Tide began to make, fo that I
thought it moft advifc Me not to perfeverf in lb difficuh an Attacic. JVo.^'.'.

" " li tile Attack had fucceedcd, our Lofs muft certainly have been great." After which
the General gives his Reafoiis for this fever j Attack; " 'Khc Dcfire to adt in Conformity
*' to the King's Intentions, induced me to make this Trial," and clofes his Account of
it, with an Opinion that does Honour to the Troops under his Command, a Confidence
in them, and Conviction that breathes the true Martial Spirit of that adlive and intrepid
Leader, *' pcrluaded that a victorious Army .nds no Dilficultics." A Pofition that not
only dcferves to be adoptal and embraced by every fucceeding Officer at the Head of
Troops, but to be laid down and admitted as an Axiom in Military Theory, and which
the Experience of all Ages muil for ever confirm.

p " The Enemy wefc indeed ported on a commanding Eminence, numerous in their
" Intrenchmctits, and their I'ire hot." Il^olfe.

1 Killed^ Officers ii, and 171 Men. J founded. Officers 46, and 604 of the Men.
y1'/;^'/^, Rank and File 17. In all 8 49. JVolfe.

' " To prevent the two Catts from i..lling into the Enemy's Hands (they being then dry
" nn Shore) I g.''vc Orders to take the Men out, and// thetn on Fire, which was accord-
*' ingly done." Sutviders,

' Cii.ncral VVoLFE and the Admiral were far from being ina»SHvc all this Month.

" On

',«,^^injjfc

Siege of QJJ E B E C. 25

confined his Operations to the burning and plundering of what Houfes 1759'
there were in the Country he was Mafter of, waiting the Arrival of
the Forces under Mr. Amherfi^ before he made any new Attempts ;
however, that General did not appear, and in the mean while, the Sea-
fon of Aiflion was flipping away, and Mr. Wolfe faw with Regret,
that his Prey was ready to fallout of his hands i this determined him
at all Events to make one Trial more, and to pofTefs himfelf of the
Eminence on which ^uebfc is built.

' n

In Confequcnce of this Refolution, he reinforced the Squadron al-
ready above the Town •, raifed his own Camp upon the Falls, and
removed it to the Point DeLevi. This Alteration produced a Change
in our Camp. Troops were drawn off from the Left Wing which
was now no longer in Dangerof any Attack, and a Recruit was fent
to ths Righ compofedof the Battalion of Guyenne^ and a Detachment of
the Afo«/rw/ Militia.

Several Days pafled, and nothing material or of moment was ob- Sept. 5.
ferved to be in Agitation j but on the 5th oi September ^ feveral Columns
of the Enemy were difcovered marching upon the Heights of Point
Leviy and taking the Road that led to the Falls oiCbaudiere % where
they embarked on board the Squadron.

This

((

On the 5th of Attgujiy I fent twenty flat-bottomed Boats up the River, to embark

1260 of the Troops. I fent up Admiral Holmes^ and direded him to ufe his beft En-
*' deavours to get at and deftroy the Enemy's Ships above the Town, but the Wind
** holding Weft ?rly, it was the 27th of y/u^ij// before they got up." Saunders,

** I fent Brigadxr Murray above the Town with lioo Men j direfting him to aflift
** Rear Admiral Holmes in the Dcftruftion of the French Ships (if they comd be got at) in
*' order to open a Communication with General dmherjl." Wolfe.

** Before Admiral Durell got into the River, three f rigates and 17 Sail with Provifi-

ons, Stories, and a few Recruits, got up, and are thofe we are fo anxious if poiFtble

to deftroy." Sdundcrs.

Thii was the little Fleet under Monfieur Kaneu that arrived from OU France the be-
ginning of May^ ow. cf which was the Chezine as already mentioned.

' General Wolfe having refolved to quit the Camp at Montmorency^ and having
.aken off all the ArtiHery, on the 3d o( Stptemlfer, the Troops embarked from thence and
landed at Point Levi. Saunders.

" Nearly oppofite to Cape RougCy which is about five Miles above ^uehecy and about
nine above Silltry where the Troops landed.

IE #

t'l

1:1

'!*■-

2(5 M E M O I R S ^ //J^

1759. This Movement put it out of doubt, that the Eenoy had fome
' Defign upon the " North Shore, and meant to pofTcfs themfelves of
fome Port there j of which immediate Notice was fent to Monfieur
De Bougainville, who comm?:jded in that Quarter, and in the mean
me, a Reinforcement of five Companies oi Grenadiers ^ the VolunteerSf
and the Picquets were detached to his Afliftance.

The North Shore is no where acceflible, efpecialiy to an Army,
but at Cape Rouge, Sillery, St. Michael, and Le Foullon, where a
convenient Road was made, wide enough even for Carriages.

Monfieur De Bougainville took his Poft with the whole of the
Troops under his Command at Cape Rouge, as being a Pafs of the mofl
Confequence at this Jundure -, and contented himself with placing
Guards of 100 Men each at every other Poft, and which would have
been a Strength fufficient againft any Attack, had the Orders that
were given out (of breaking up the Roads every where) been put in
Execution, but the fame Fatality attended thefe, as did many other
Orders, that of being totally negleded.

General Wolfe, after marching ai)d countermarching, a Number of
Feinti and Falfe Alarms in difff^nt Quarters, came at laft to a Refolu-
tion to make an Attempt in earneft at Le Foullon, " and on the 12th
of September at Night," he landed 150 of the '' Highlanders between
St. Michael 2iT\di Le Foullon, who with a great deal ot * Difficulty and
Danger climbed up to the Summit of the Cape^ which was immenfely

fteep,

* On the 7th, 8th, and 9th, a Movement of the Ships was made, in order to amufe
" the Enemy nowpofted along the North Shore." (viz. Monfieur Bougainville's Command.)

Brigadier 1 ownjhend' s Letter.

* Within a League of Cape Diamond.
Cape Diamond is fituated to the Southward of the Town, and runs out into the

River at the Diftance of about a Quarter of a Mile from the Citadel. There was a
Battery ereded upon it called the ^een's Battery, but there were no Guns
mounted.

'' The Light Infaniiy,

% (i When General Wolfe, and the Troops with him had landed, the Difficulty of
2 " gaining

Siege of Q^U E B E C.

fteep, and ' fell upon the Detachment that guarded the Poft ofFoullon, 1759.
taking them in the Rear j our Soldiers thus furprifed, fcarcely entered'
intoAdlion, but abandoned their Poft and fled.

The Englijh Army having now no Enemy in Front to oppofc
them, fcaled the Path up the Mountain without any Difficulty, and
foon gained the great Road of St. Foy.

This Landing was eftedled between the Hours of 3 and 4 in the
Morning, but it was fcarcely known in our Camp at 6 i and the firft
Reports then were, that abou a Dozen flat-bottom'd Boats had ap-
peared off Le Fou//on, and feemed to make a Shew of difembarquing
lome People there ; but very foon after, an Exprefs arrived with an Ac-
count, that the whole of the Englilh Army was landed, and were ad-
vancing in good Order along the Road of St. Foy,

Immediately our Troops quitted their Camp, and filed off, leaving a
Guard of 1500 Men only to defend it, and took Poft upon the '' Heights
of Abraham^ waiting the Arrival of the Enemy, who were drawing
up in Order of Battle near the Houfe De Borgia ^ which covered their
Left J and fropi thence extended to the great Road leading to the Port
of St, Louis. , . . ' '

General JVolfe^ upon firft coming up, had ordered a Company of
Highlanders to take Pofleflion of the* Houfe De Borgia; from which

D 2 an

** gaining the Top of the Hill is fcarce credible ; it was very ftcep in its Afcent and
** high, and had no Path where two could go abreaft ; but they were obliged to pull
•' their felves up by the Stumps and Boughs of Trees that covered the Declivity."
Siiunder^.

* " After a little Firing, the Light Infantry [wider Colonel Howe) gained the Top of the
*' Precipice, and diiperfed the Captain's Poll." Townjhend. ( lOO Men detached by
Monfteur de Bougainville from Cape Rouge to defend the Afcent atSillery.)

•* The Heights of Abraham^ where the French Army drew up, are fcarcely half a
Mile from the Works of the Town to the S. W.

* '* The Houfes, into which the Light Infantry were thrown, were well defended."
lownjhaid.

,.-i*'

MEMOIRS rf the

1759. an Attempt was made to diflodge them by our Iroops, aod which
brought on a brifk and obftinate Attack > but all our Efforts were to no
Purpofe, as it was abfolutcly ncceflary to bring up Cannon to drive
them out.

' The two Armies did not long remain in View of each other, with-
out coming to Ad:ion j our Troops {hewed ** great Eagernefs to en-
gage, and Intrepidity, but kept it up a very little Time only j it was
judged proper to take immediate Advantage of this Spirit ; however, it
had been more prudent to have waited the Arrival of Monfi.euri)^£o/)r-
gainville^ who was advancing with the Flower of the Army j but our
Generals thought they could do the Bufinefs without him, and fo
marched up * to the Enemy. Our Troops gave the firft Fire, and

thofe

"* It is moft certain that the Army (French) formed in good Order, and that their At-
tack was very brifk and animated. T'ownjhend.

• It was feemingly but ill judged of the Frtnch Generals to rufli on to an Attack, with-
out waiting for the Arrival of NloniV. de Bougainville^ could they have prevented coming
to Adlion, e fggcia lly if what is here advanced be true, that he had the Picked Men or
Flower oi th&f^roopf with him; add to this, his Situation was fuch, that, according to
Mr. TowHJhtnd., the Englijh Army muil of Ncceifity have been put between two Fires.
(" Scarce was this efFedted, when M..de Bougainville with his Corps from Cape Rouge, of
*' 2000 Men, appeared in our Rear." Town/bend. )

By General Wolfe's Letter of the 5th of September^ when this Landing was only
in Agitation, and feemed to be intendfd as the Finifhing Stroke of the Campaign, the
Engltjh Army amounted to no more than 4 or 5000 effedtive Men ; (" after the Points of
Levi and Orleans were left in a proper State of Defence.") z vary ujwqual Match for the
French in Point of Numbers, even in any Sicuation, and much lefs fo in the prefcnt one,
and of which Brigadier Tcwnjh nd feemed fo very fenfible, that when the Command de-
volved upon him by the much lamented Fall of General Wolfe, his firll Employ-
ment, even after the Vidtory obtained, and the Rout of the Enemy, was to fccurc his
Camp. ^ '* I have been employed, from the Day of Adlion to that of the Capitulation,
in redoubting our Camp beyond Injult" Townjbend.)

'Tis probable, a Contempt of our Numbers, and a fancied Security of Succcfs on that
Account, might betray the Marquis De Montcalm imo tbis ra(h Engagement, and which
was very little confident with his ufual Coolnefs ami.Wifdom ; for he fecms in Mr.
Wolfe's own Opinion, f who certainly wu3 no mean Judge) to have been an able and
experienced Officer : ( " 'J'he Obftacles we have met with, in the Operations of the
" Campaign, arc much greater than we had Rcafon to e;«p€(Sl, or could forelee ; not fo
" from the Number of the Enemy, (though fuperior to us) as from the niUurul Strength
' of the Country, which the Marquis De Montcalm fcems tuifety to depend upon."
Wolfe.) He never could have been led into this Attack by any extraordinary Confi-
dence

Skge 2r Q^U E B E C. 29

thofe of the En^lijh the ^ fecond, and the Affair was over j our Right 1759.
took to their Heels, our Center ran away after them, and drew along '
the Lefty and ib the Battle was loft in Icfs Time than I am telling the.
Story.

An Attempt was nnade to rally the Runaways, but without EfFed ;
all that could be done, was to colleft a Body of 8 or 900 Men toge-
ther, whom they drew up in Ambufcade in a " Copfc of Wood up-
on the Right of the Hills ofjiSrabam, and whofe Fire retarded in fome
mcafure the Purfuit of the Conquerors j fome others, who had re-
covered from their Fright, formed themfelves into a few Platoon ., and
made a Stand, fo that the A(9:ion began to be renewed upon the De-
clivity of the Mountain in different Parts j however, the fatal Blow
was ftruck, and the Enemy triumphed.

I I

-,■'1

dence he had in the Troops of th€ Colony and the Savagely for he muft know the Canadi-
aw too wetl to rifk a Battle, becaufe they were in Spirits^ and their Courage was upy as
is infinuated herej hat the Advantage of the Ground, the fuperior Extent of his Line,
the Sight of the Englijh Army before the Town, Vexation at finding himfelf out-gene-
ralPdy nis Lrrres and catteries, his intrenched Camp and formidable Redoubts become of
no Ufe Surprize, Defire of Revenge, Thirft of Glory, Honour of the French Arms,
Anger, or Difappointnient, might all concur to hurry him on to immediate Adion, and
without waiting for any fiirther Addition to his Forces to fall upon the Enemy drawn
up before him.

Whatever was the Inducement, the Event plainly (hewed it a very indifcrete Onfet,
aod inch a^ne as might have ended in the total DettruiSlion of the French Avmy, with-
out affording an Opportunity for tl fecond Trial ; for, had the Town oi ^ebec been fitu-
al«d a£ a grciUcr Diftauce from the Field of Battle, they muft all have inevitably been cut
to Pieces, or reduced to the melancholy Neceffity of laying down their Arms. (" If the
•' Town had been further off", the whole French Army muft have been dejircycd.'^ Saun^
dtxs.)

' Our Troops refervcd their Fire till within forty Yards, which was fo well conti-
nit«d, that the Enemy every where gave way. Totvrijhend.

** The Enemy began the Attack, our Troops received their Fire, and rcferved their
•• own till they were fo near as to run in upon them, and pufh them with their Bayo-
*' nets; by wliich, in a very little Time, the French gave way and fled to the Town in
" t:he utraoil Diforder, and with great Lofs ; for our Troops purfued them quite to the
*' WalU, and killed m^my of them upon the Glacis of the Ditch" Saunders.

K " Part of the Enemy made a fecond faint Attack) part took to fome thick Cc/T*
" Wood, and feemcd to make a Stand." TawnjlKiid.

?.'

Il '''

3°

'759-

MEMOIRS of the

We loft in this Engagement between '' 7 or 800 Men killed and
wounded. Monfieur </(? Montcalm died of his Wounds the next Morn-
ing ; Monfieur De Senezergues was found dead upon the Field of Battle,
and General ' Wolf e furvived his Vid:ory only four Hours. Mr. Monck'
fon, fecond in Command, was wounded, but not dangeroufly.

At the Clofe of this unhappy Affair, Monfr. le Marquis De Vaudreuil
arteniblcd a Council of War, to which the principal Officers were fum-
monsd. At this Council he declared his Opinion, ** That the Troops
" fliould take their Revenge the next Morning, and endeavour to wipe
*' off the Stains they had contraded the foregoing fatal Day j" this Pro-
pofal, which feemed to carry a true Senfe of Honour with it, ought
never to have been rejeded by '^ thofe Gentlemen who receive their
So-vt reign's Pay, in order to maintain the Spirit of Honour; but fo,
however, it happened, and the united Voice of all the Members gave
as their Sentiments, ** That there was an abfolute Neceflity for the
•* Army to retire to the River ' of Jacques Car tiers ^ and the fooner
*' it was done, the better, there being no Time to lofe." So the
Army broke up their Camp th§t very Evening, abandoning Provi-
lions, Ammunition, Bae;gage, and Artillery, and marched all Night
to gain the Point Au Trempey which was appointed the Rendezvous
for t' ' whole.

Before

•■ " Their Lofs (c/the Enemy) is computed to be about 1500 Men, which fell chiefly
*' upon the Regulars " Townjhend.

' On the Side of the Britijh were killed only nine Officers ; but One of thefe nine (a
Lois almoft irreparable to the EngUjh Nation) was the Gallant General hi/nfelf., whole
Name can only be forgot, when ^ebec can be no more remembered.

One Captain^ lix Lieutenants, and one Enfign fell likewife in the A£tion, with 545
Rank and File.

IVounded, Officers 53, Serjeants 95, 4 Drummers, 506 Rank and File ; in all- -648.

'' The Marquis De Vaudreuil, tho' Governor and Lieutcnant-Gencral for the King
in Canada, was not regularly in the Army, upon the Officers of which only this Reflec-
tion feems to be intended.

' Jacques ^artiers appears to have b^cn a very ftrong Port ; Mr. Murray, in his Ac-
count of t' Zaijtng of the Siege of .^ulec, fpeaks of it in that Light, " They (the Ene-
my) lefi r Camp itanding, and have i;;tired to their former Jzylum, Jacques Cartiers."
Jt is fituai bout twenty Miles above Quebec.

Siege of Q^U E B E C.

Before he marched off, Monfieur D^ Vaudreuil difpatched an Ex- 1759.
prefs to Monfieur le Chevalier De Levy, to give him Intelligence of '
the dreadful Cataftrophe our Troops had met with, and to defire him
to come and take the Command of the Army upon him, in the
Room oi M.ov\(\q\jlv De Montcalm^ who was dying. The Courier found
the Chevalier at Montreal, where he was juft arrived, coming up a
Channel he had cut in the River of Cataracony, to fecure that Part
of the Country, which was threatened with an Invafion, from Sir
William Johnfon, the Conqueror of Niagara.

Monfieur De Levy fet out from Montreal^ immediately upon the
Receipt of the Letter, and arrived at 'Jacques Cartiers the i6th of
September. After a few Hours Conference with the Marquis De
Vaudreuil, it was agreed between them, to write to Monfieur Z)^
Ramfay, Governor of the'Town of ^ebec, to acquaint him, " That
" a Refolution was taken to march to his Relief j that after the
" next Day, the whole Army would be in Motion ; that a Difpofi-
•* tion was made to throw a confiderable Supply of Provifions into the
*' Town J, and, in a Word, to encourage him by all Means to hold
*• out to the laft Extremity""."

The Courier on his Arrival at ^lebec found the Capitulation al-
ready in train ", and a Treaty entered into and carrying on between
Monfieur De Ramfay and the Befieging General ; one would have
imagined that the Marquis De Vaudreuil\ Letter would have broke
off, or at lead fufpended a while, the IlTue of this Negotiation j but
whether the Orders it contained, were not precife or explicit enough,

I n

' I

" *' By Deferters we learn that Monfieur Dc Levy is come down from Montreal ; fonie
** fay, he has brought two Battalions with him, and that M. De Botigainville with 8co
" Men and Provifions was on his March, to fling himfelf into the Town the i8th, the
*' very Morning it capitulated." Townjhend.

" This was exadlly the Cafe at Guadakupc^ in the JVeJi Indies^ the fame Year ; Mon-
fieur DeBompar, the French Admiral, had .idually landed a Reinforcement of looo Men,
and a Supply of Arms, upon the Ifland, the very Day it furrendered to General Barring-
ton ; which Difembarkation, had it taken place but 24 Hours foonei, muft inevitably
have prcfcrved the Colony, and the Englijh Troops would have been obliged to have

returned

ill

' MEMOIRS o/tlbe

or whether Monfieur tie Ramfay had Reafons of his own, which
weighed more with him than his Inftrudions from Monfieur FaU"
dreuily is an Affair not very certainly known.

Scp.18. The Treaty however continued, and the Capitulation figned on both
Sides the 18th oi September ^ at the £»g/ir/^Camp before ^ebec.

returned on board the Tranfports again, being at this Time fo reduced in their Num-
bers, from Service and Sicknefs, that it would Kave been injpoflible for the General to
have oppofed this new Botfyy or to have a£ted offtnfivtlj any longer upon the lAand with
a Probability of Succefs.

The ARTICLES of C A PITUL ATION were as follows:

ARTICLE I.

MDe Ramsay demands the Honours of War for his Garri-
, fon, and that it fhall be conducted back to the Army in Safe-
ty by the (hortcft Road, with their Arms, Baggage, fix Pieces of Brafs
Cannon, two Mortars, or Howitzers, and twelve Rounds.— Ti&^ Gar-
rifon of the Towrit compofed of Land Forces y Marines^ and Sailors ^ Jhall
march out with their Arms^ Baggage^ Drums beatings lighted Matches^
with two Pieces of Cannony and twelve Rounds^ and fhall be embarked^
as cormenienoly as pofjible^ in order to be landed at the firji Port in
France.

ARTICLE II.

That the Inhabitants (hall be maintained in the FofTeiTion of their
Houfes, Goods, EfFeds, and Privileges. Granted^ provided they lay
down their Arms,

ARTICLE in.

That the faid Inhabitants fhall not be molefted, on Account of their
having born Arms for the Defence of the Town, as they were forced
to it, and as it is cudomary for the Inhabitants of the Colonies of botk
Cfowns, to fcrvc as MHitia. Granted,

AR-

Siege 2^ Q^ U E B E C.

ARTICLE IV.

That the Effedts belonging to the abfent Officers, or Inhabitants,
{hall not be touched. Granted.

^ ■ - ;'-: ■,- _- Article v. ^^i.:^^'-.. ■^■■;. -r:i._ ;'

That the faid Inhabitants fhall not be removed, nor obliged to quit
their Houfes, until their Condition (hall be fetded by a definitive Trea-
ty, between their moft Chriflian and Britannic Majefties. Granted.

r,i

ARTICLE VI.

That the Exercife of the Catholic, Apoftolic, and Roman Religion
fhall be preferved, and that Safeguards fhall be granted to the Houfts
of the Clergy, and to the Monafteries, particularly to the Bifhop of
^ebec^ VfhOi animated with Zeal for Religion, and Charity for the
People of his Diocefe, defires to refide conftantly in it, to exercife free-
ly and with that Decency, which his Charader, and the facred Myfle-
ries of the Catholic, Apoftolic, and Roman Religion require, his
Epifccpal Authority in ^ebec, where-ever he (liall think it proper,
until the PoflelTion of Canada fhall have been decided by a Treaty
between their moft Chriftian and Britannic Majefties. — The free Exer-
cife of the Roman Religion^ Safeguards granted to all religious Pcrjons, ax
ivell as to the BiJJjop^ who Jhall be at Liberty to come and exercife freely
and with Decency the Functions of his Office •whene'oer he /hall think proper y
until the Poffefjion of Canada. Jhall have been decided between their Bri-
tannic and moft Chrifiian Majefties.

'v'C

ARTICLE VII.

That the Artillery and warlike Stores fhall be delivered up bona fide ^
and an Inventory taken thereof. Granted,

AR.

■

MEMOIRS of i/^

i>4

ARTICLE VIII.

That the Sick, Wounded, Commiflaries, Chaplains, Phyficians,
Surgeons, Apothecaries, and other Perfons employed in the Hofpitals,
fliall be treated agreeable to the Cartel fettled between their moft
Chriftian and Britannic Majefties, on Fcbr. 1759. Granted.

, V. i A R T r C L E IX. i ,.

That before delivering up the Gate, and the Entrante of the Town,
to the EngliJJj Forces, their General will be pleafed to fend fome Sol-
diers to be placed as Safeguards at the Churches, Convents, and chief
Habitations. Granted.

f ,

ARTICLE X.

■r-. '*

That the Commander of the City of ^ebec fhall be permitted
to fend Advice to the Marquis de Vaudreuil^ Governor General, of the
Redudion of the Town -, as alfo that this General (hall be allowed to
write to the French Miniftry, to inform them thereof. Granted,

A R T I C L E XL

That the prefent Capitulation fhall be executed according to its
Form and Tenor, without being liable to Non-Execution of any pre-
ceding Capitulation. Granted. .

The prefent Treaty has been made and fettled between us, and
Duplicates figned at the Camp before ^^^^c, September 18, 1759.

G. Townjliend,

De Ramfay,

C, Saunders,

Such

Siege of Q^V E B E C.

Such were the principal Events touching the Campaign of 1759, 1759'
on the Side of Siuebec j I (hall now add a Word or two, with a^
few Obfervations on the Operations carried on at Carillon. The In-
telligence we received from all Quarters during the Winter, left us
no longer Room to doubt but that an Attack would be made upon
^cbec, early in the Spring of 17591 and the Defence of that Gar-
rifon being allotted to the Marquis De Montcalm^ a Confultation
was had to appoint a General to the Command of the Troops at
Carillon^ againfl; which Mr. Amhcrjly Generaliihmo of the Englijh
Forces, was then preparing to march, at the Head of an Army of
10 or 12000 Men.

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The Choice falling upon Monfieur De Bourlemaquey as foon as the
Naviga'.ion was open, he fet out from ^ebec to take the Command
conten-ed upon him, and availing himfcU of the Time given him by
the ilow Advances made by the Enemy, he compleated the Works
already begun, added new ones, and put his little Army which
amounted to <> 3000 Men into fo good a Condition, as to be able
to make as vigorous a Defence, as they had done the 8th of July in
the Year preceding j but the Orders he received at leaving ^lebec (and
which his great Spirit, in fpite of his fubordinate Station, would have
led him to have evaded and broke thro', had they not been repeated-
ly given) rendered all thefe Preparations entirely ufelefs and of no Ef-
fect, obliging him to make a Retreat which aftoniflied the whole
World, and even our very Enemies themfelves ; fo that as foon as he
heard of the Approach of General AmherjU he made the neceffafy Dif-
pofitions for '' bringing off the Army, and the Day the Enemy made
their firfl Appearance, gave Orders for the whole of the Troops to
line the Entrenchments, and for all the Batteries, as well thofe
within the Lines, as thofe in the Fort^ to fire inceffantly till Night
came on, at which time he fent Diredtions to the Officer who com-
manded the Fort to continue his Fire, as long as he had any Am-

E 2 munition

• •' General jlmljerji ^n^ls making Preparations to pafs the LukeChamplatn to fall upon
*'- Monfieur Bour/emaquis Corps, which confifts of three Battalions of r oot and as many
** Canadians as make the whole amount to 3000." IFol/e.

r " We difcovcrcd by intercepted Letters that the Enemy had abandoned Carillon and
** Crown Point, and were retired to the I/le mix Naix." IPolfe.

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MEMOIRS 0/ t/je

1759. munition left, and then to blow it up, and follow him ; as to himfclf he
'let fail with the KtTiainderof the Artny for'* St. FndcriCy and land-
ed afterwards, according to his Inftruiftion?, at the Ille Aux Noix,—-^-
Upon this Ifland he erecfted fuch a Number of Works, as to render
it by all Accounts impregnable, and every one agrees who has taken a
View of them, that the Iflc Aux Noix, had it been attacked, would
have proved the ■" Church-yard of the BritiJJ) Army. — I will not pre-
tend to fay that the infuperable Strength of this Ifland prevented Ge-
neral Amherii from prefen !ng himfelf before it ; as was daily expecfted)
but thus much is certain, that he fent off fome Bateauxs under Cover of
three Velfeis to reconnoitre it, and afterwards thought proper to poll-
pone his Defigns till the following Sprirg.

Sir lVilIia?n Johiifon on his Side, who after the Conqueftof A7^^^r^,
was to have advanced to Prcfentation Fort^ and from thence to Montreal^
nevTr made his Appearance at all ; contented, it feems, with the tak-
ing: ol-' Ni(i^i7*-a, and having defeated the Reinforcements brought by
M jnfjeur Dl' Liguery, he had no Inclination to expofe his Troops to
new Dangers, or, as has been conjectured, was employed on more ma-
terial Services elfewhere.

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A tboufand Caufes have confpired to bring on the Calamities
which have diftrefled this Colony j however, 1 don't undertake to
give a Hiftory of them ; 1 fhall only obferve, that we have committed
one Miftake upon another in fuch a Manner, as to have the Appear-
ance of Defign, and as if they were done on Purpofe, and that the
Evil is grown to fuch a Height, as at this time fcarccly to be re-
medied.

• With regard to France^ our Dependance upon it is (o precarious,

-i4.i-M tjii t/ •-'•'-•■ -I.' J. j i,; , ; . ,.,.j .1. rnu. iitJi.' that

*« The Fort at Crown Point.

' " It was however like Carillon abandoHv-d the following Year upon the Appearance
of an Attack. " Colonel Havi land ■with his Corps took PoHeffion of the I/Ie Aux Noixy
** which the Enemy abandoned on the 28th (Auguji ij 60.)"

General Amhirjfi Letter of Sepember 8, 1 760.

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Siege of Q^U E B E C.

that we may be faid at prefent to hang by the Eyc-lIds, and the enfii- 1759.
ing Spring Ihallin all Probability entirely drop off.

P. S. The Convoy mentioned in the beginning to have arrived at
Slyebec from Old France to the Relief of tlie Gariifon before the Si:gc,
confuted of the following Ships. '. « ...

Frigates.

Guns.
24

Le Machault

Le Senefterre

Le Due de Fronfiic 24

Le Bienfaifant 22

The Lovely Nancy 24

LaChczine 22

Monfieur Kanou Commodore
Captain Grandrivier,
Vileuje.
Courvalk
Minviel
Duclos

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The latter had on board Monfieur De Bougainville y Colonel, carry-
ing Difpatches from the King, one Captain in the Land Service, and
44 private Men. The reft were Merchantmen, Store Ships, &:c.
to the Number of feventeen in the whole. The Names of which
are as follows:

The four Brother.
The Golden Fleece
The Venus
La Miroquin
The Juliet
Le Suinton
Le Remaux
Le Coulibre
Le Soleil Royal
The Friendfliip
The Elizabeth .,, .

Captain Girois

Marcbaud

Carbonelle

Conti

Grammont

Gtiitour

Voyer

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Thefe were the Store-Ships and Frigates General Wolfe and Admiral

Saunders

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M E M O I RS of t/je

17^9. Saunders wtvt fo anxious to deftroy ', but found it impradicable ; fomfc
'few of them elcaped afterwards to Old France -, however tht Eliza-
beth was drove on Shore. The Solcil Royal, Le Sene/ierrCy and Due de
FronjaCy the two lad of 24 Guns each, were loft in 1 Gale of Wind
coming down the River St. Laurence after the Surrender of ^elect and
the Ck'zine was taken by the Rippon.

The following is the Journal of their fetting out on
their Return to Old France^ and their coming down
the River St, Laurence.

Nov. Anchored at St. Michael at Six iv. the Evening, twenty Fathom
20. Water.

Wind South in the Morning, up Anchor and came to fall with the
Fleet for Cape Roug^, where all the Ships brought up, but the
Coulibre and Chezine who returned to St, Michael and came to an
Anchorage.

22. At Noon a Fog came on, fo thick as not to be able to (tt.

At Four in the Afternoon, faw the Elizabeth driving from her An-
chor, and not having another on board, was obliged to run
a(hore.

The Wind increafing in the Night drove the Sokil Royal, Le Senef-
terre and the Due de Fronjac on Shore, where they were all loft at Mid-
night,

2j. An £/;^///^ Schooner came down upon the £//2;<73^i'/6, and anchored
alongfide of her, carrying four Guns and 50 Men j the Englifi fired a
great many Shot at the Elizabeth^ to oblige her Ship's Company to

leave

See Pai^e 6.

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Siege o/Q^V E B E C

leave her i they then fent three Boats with 40 Men to break her up 1759.
and plunder herj but before her People quitted her, they left a light-
ed Match in the Gun Room, which foon after blew up the Poop, and
30 of the Enemy upon it; the reft were made Prifoners, and the
bchooner talcen by the Boats of the Machault and Chezine.

At Eleven at Night, got under fail with the Fleet at St. Michael
and pafled by the Town of ^ebec at Midnight, the Englijh Garrifon
fainting us as we pafTed with about 200 or 300 Cannon Shot, and 100
Shells, but without doing any Execution. Proceeded down the River,
and came to an Anchor at St. JobrCs,

The reft of this Fleet continued on their Voyage to Bourdeaux, or
to other Ports o^ France ^ but the Chezine was intercepted by the Rippcn,

The Machault of 24 Guns, was taken the Year following by the Fame,
in Chaleurs Bay,

24,

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