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TlIK I.OU i:i{ (OI.IMIW A. >lll)AI,\VAI Kl! ISAV, (;1{A>V^ IIAIM'.ol; TIMItKK, I.AMtS. CI.IMAI'K, Klsil i;i; I KS. SHIl' lill l.lUN'fi. < (lAl. MINKS, M AI!Ki:i' I! i:i'(»l! I>, TliAKK. I.AItOi;, I'orri. A iKN.M i; vi i ii aM) itr.s(»i i.'cks. 15V E. MEKKHK. OIAMI'IA, \V. T.: IMtlNTKK AT TlIK Tit A NSCUIi'T dl'l-'K K. 18 /O. WASlIIXdTOX TMKIirnillV hd rf fi\$ €ai^vafij? '^ouulain^. ». ao3sr'3:'E:srTS r.uiK. <.K.\i;i!Ai. i)i;s( iMi'iiov ,-, N.WKiAIU.i; W A rKliS II son. AN!) (M.IM ATK i:c Ti:\n!i;i;, in nslIKIMI.S ■:n \ Hi; A I, Til ;;iv lioiTKs -r MAIL KOI TKS :u> LANDS AND LAND TITLKS ;;i( TliADK OF ITOiri NOIND .!•.' silir liLILDINfi :;4 .\ I A M 1 A ( r i ■ I ; 1 N < i : ',-< cor NT IKS ;> Ol'KK lAL DIKLCI'OI!^ 1> rKU'KS (■I'KliLNT li l<»\VNS II A I'.sr i; A ( vo Kc I ; N < I • s .v.> \VI illDi; WVAL OK LANDS .,1 KASl'KKN oiCKcoN AND \V ASH lN(i IdN ji TEI^:iVi[S : Sinj,'lc cojiips, post paid to any part of tlu' IJiiti-d Stati-.s. '»() cents cuiTiMicey. A liberal discount to the trade. Send by post office money order, or l)y re;;ist'jred letter, at my risk. Address, K. .1I1:EKEK, Olyiiiiiin, Waxltiii.^lou Tci-rltorj'. \VAsiiiN(iTo\ ri:iiijiT(H;v f'.\ . . . .JlV :'(» .. ..:;(» . . . . .'1*' :il . . . .:;■< ;> 1> . ...li . ...n — .v,> — ..1 V\E8T (»F THK CASCADE MOrXT AIN.S. {;()NT.\ININ;i> VIVO RIVEHS EHPTVINti I\rO IT. Tin; I.OWKH (JOl.UMIUA, SHOALWAThK BAY. GKAV> llAKIiOK. TIMBKH, LANDS. CLIMATE. FISHERIKS. SHIP BLILDINO. COAL MINE.S, MARKET REPOIJT?^. TRADE. LABOR. I'OPIJLATON, WEALTH AND EKtu^irRCES. >:iitcfe(l iiccotding to Ad of tluuttres,', in the year l>*n». bv E. M-.'k.T. in tli< ofBri' of tlie Lilirurinii of ('on?re^-. at Wai'lii'nalon J3y f. Meeker OLVMl'lA. \V. T.: I ' |{ I \ T K I ) \ T \'H K TH A Xsr i; I pj opK I r K 1870. «i? T With but one inhabitaul to eight hundred acres*, and with lews than one per cent, of the soil ii) cultivation, Washington Territorj presents a hirge field for enterprise and industry. Comparatively un- known, and until recently unhee led, the progress of settlement has been slow. The purchase ot Alaska, and following upon that the cer- tain develo|)ment of the great fisheries of the northwest coast, together with the admirable facilities for Khip building, have all combined to hasten the development of this region. Since the Northern Pacific Railroad Company ha\ e begun in earn- est to build their road, already employing a numerous force in grading upon the'.r eastern terminus, and have sent out a large corps of en- ginefjiv, X.0 locate the road from Paget Sound eastward, an inquiry has s])rung up respecting this hitherto comparatively unknown region that requires something more than individual efforts to satisfy. I'liis book is offered to the public with a hope that it may supply the information sought, in a compact form suitable for transmission through the nniils to all parts of the country. The great aim has been fj avoid over- drawn statements, and to give the resources as thej are, as far .m it has been possible to obtain statistics and information. 45175 fj$ lL m SOBt X WASIllMITilN TKllllITOIIY Wt^i of tlj^ (Fn^rab^ fltlmiitlniit^^ (iESERAL DHSC/PTION. rhal portion of WasSiIngtou I'onitorv West of the Cascade Moun- liiins. which is •(OiiKtimi.-s known as Wfstt'rn Washington, is bounded on the North by the 40th paniliei of North latitude, to the niiddh- of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver Island; thence Southerly throu},'h the middle of said channel and of Fuca's Straits, to the Pacific Ocean; on the West, by tiie I'acific Ocean ; the I'Xtreme Western limits, naching to lonj^itude 47" 41' West from Washington ; on the South, by the middle of tlie channel of the Columbia river, the most Southern point being in North latitude 1.}° .'];}' ; and on the East, by the summit of the Cascade range of Moun- tains, e.vte))ding Eastward approximate, ly to longitude 44" .'JO'. Thus it will be seen that the extreme limits extend over nearly four di'grees of hatitude and three of longitude. While the square contained in these limits w(i;j;it'>,Mtf diHlaiici' of lu-arly four liimdrt'd iiiilf*. atul ciu'li rcniovcd from tin- coiist, Kiiy on nii avt'ram' of fifty miles. Tlu' inaf;iiiHiHi\t valli-y of ilic Willaiiu'tli', witli itn l)road and fertile prairii-n. we do not view with a jeahtns I'yc, well knowing; that in the no distant future, her wealth and power will onlv inereane that of the Sound rej,'ion. We have called to mind that valfey in eon- (♦equenee of the relative eoiiliiruration of tin- two, seeniin;,'ly Hcparati'd only by the broad cliannel of the Columliia. While that of the Wil- lamette is mainly jirairie, the rejj;i.»n North of the Columbia is priiici- pallj timber. Three genei-ul divisions or characteristics may be noted to embrace all the variations of soil and expi>sure of this re^ion, viz ; 1. The mountuinouK, or that which from its altitude HcemH inae- ceHsiblc. U. The lower fool -hills and table lands. .'i. The liver bottoms and tide lands adjacent. The mountaino\is re^'ion end)races an area equal to one-fourth of the whole. 'I'he mountains, u|) to the ])erpetual snow line, beiiif^ co''ered with forests of niaffnificent timlier, thai here I'li'r will in ])art be made available by the ehainiels of the 'ivers which rise in the mountains «ud flow into the Sound, as the timber nearer the navif^able waters is con- sumed, and prices advance in consequence sufHcienl to warrant the in- creased expense. The soil is clay anr.s tof^other jhini))ia a lit- und sovL'nty- ?ad-watrrN of c'lMi that and UlllCL' of SL'V- ty-fivc mill's, thi." o[)i)ositi ic last liver. ■ (Cowlitz and 1 closer up to ■rly direction finally enip- m and eleven towns. sorth-Kasl of ;en miles re- miles and is* WKST OK rill- CASCADK MOl NTAINS. •; joined l)y the Skookum Chuck, iioth of lln'si' lastrlvirH come in from the Ivist and head in the foot-liilU of the Cascade Muuntain»<, l)i't\veen the headwaters of tin? \is(pially and the Cowlitz, just described. l-Vom the mouth of the Skookum Ciuick the Chehidis turns .ihrujjtly, tirn Xorth-W'ist, and then \N'est, and empties into (iia)'s llarhor. fifteen miles from tiie I'aeific Ocean, and fifty North of the Coliunhia, havir^ traversed hy its chaimel alxtut eighty miles, although it is hut t' iity- two miles from the head-waters to the moutli, in a straij^ht lin Nu- merous smaller streaie fall into the Chchalis at intervals, and in the a;;j;re);ate make a : > • n of }j;reat importuiuje. Next to the North from the Nisqually, and risinu; from the Westtiii spurs of },. Itaiiier, comcH the I'uyallup, llowin^ foi forty miles in tie same j^cneral direction as the Nis(pially, and distant from it twenty-five miles, joining; the wi'.ters of the Sound m that part known as Commence- ment Hay, hi.'in;; the South-West part of the inland sea named on the charts as Admiralty Inlet, hut here popularly known as I'uj^et Sound. Imnu'diately to the North of the head-waters of this last named river, and in close proximity, we find the fountain-head of White river, fiow- in;,' in the same ;;eneral direction for forty miles, ami at an averaj^e dis- tance of not '.uore than nine miles from the Peyallup, losinj; a portion of its water through the channel called Stuck, that falls into the I'uy- allup, then tiirniuf,' sharply to the North, r South- West ixteeeii miles, .he North oiul e three miles ■r ahout forty- omi)rise more e Mountains, the Olympic >, and on tlu lU'se, are con- bottoms upon ms, the depth khich they art r ig' so large an hing the ma- is last, whiel' s on the East ition of these ast and inex- through theii of ihis grand er breezes ot er as mild as xtensive than uul the entire e Straits and the western Sound, and ind p'o'o-.ibly loam district also includes inclusion ihal ascade Moun- ve. eminently make, in our s all other ce- siih'rablv bro- WEST OF THK CASCADK MOUNTAINS. » ken by ridges, but the excellent and enduring quality of the soil being composed of decompost-d basalt, which is considered by agricultural writers as an enduring ba«is for farming, will amply compensate for its un- even surface, liy upheaval this district has been raised above the level of the boulder formation, and many of its ridges penetrate the drift, reaching nearly to the Sound The traveh-r along the Portland stage road from Skookum Chuck to Oiynij)ia, listening to 'he grating of the carriage wheels along the gravely plains, is prol)ably unaware that on either side, to an indefinite extent, the ridges more especially East of the road, are generally free from gravel, and are well calculated in the no distant future to amply repay the toils of the husbandman. " The boulder district lies mainly to the Soutli and East of the Sound, extending back in streaks and patches from len. to thirty miles. To a limited extent it is found South-West of tlie Olympian range, and also to some extent in Clarke county, liack of Vancouver. I am confi- dent that its area does not exceed more thnn one-half of tlie clay loam tract. The emigrant will take notice that there is considerable good farming land in this last named disirict. It is jjrobahly from two to three hundred feet in depth from the surface of the gravely and sandy prairies to the bed rock, which, as we examine to the Northward, ap- pears to pass frimi the rocks of tli!; tra]) family into the granite." The above extract, from the pen of an old and observing citizen, although it may not be exact as to the proportionate distribution of the different characters of soil, is in the main correct. I should not place the extent of the clay loam district at more than one-third of the gen- eral surface, and yet it is determined only by estimation : and again it would seem that the gravelly or boulder district would cover an area equal to that of the clay. But to neither of these qualities of land do we at present cull th" attention of the immigrant, with the same confi- denci' as we do to the alluvial bottoms and tide lands. True, farms will be made on these clays, and in many localities the choicer locations are profitably occupied: but to warrant a general occupancy, iherelatixe price of labor and produc.- must change; land must assume a value be- yond that of the improvements: markets must create a demand bejond the productive capacity of the more favored localities, and then these lands can and wil) be profitably occupied. To give a general statement of thi' altitniU of these land> v.otdd scarcely be possible, as thev vary so much in the ditferent parts of the Territory. Immediately adjoining the Sound, and including thf- islands, the average would probably range to three hundred f.-et above tide water, while other portions, as for in- stance the Cowlitz hilli or mountains, as they ar(- sometimes called, are ])robably one thousand feet above the ocean level. This region is best described as a hroken country, yet not so riSUch so as to materially in- terfere with the construction of wagon roads of easy grade, and at com- parative light cost, as the surface is often level for miles, and then a change ..•ill occur, to a higher or lower level, as the case may be. In the lower spots, where water or the least wash accumulates, the surface is rapidly covered by a vegetal*k mold, and forms valnal)lo and endu- ring meadows. Thousands of such places lie dormant for the industri- ous to improve, when our more valuable lands have been taken and our markets justify the increased costs of improvements and production. 'J'his region is prinripally timbered, us before stated, and in many pi«- :i|lii ii! 10 WASHINGTON TERRITORY ces more beautiful or majestic forests were never viewed by man. This consistsof fir, cedar, hemlock, spruce and pine, interspersed in favorable localities, with alder, ash, crab-uj)ple, wild cherry and balm. Under- neath all this is an intermi.\ture of underbrush, consisting of hazle, tag-alder, willow, hard" hack, vine maple, huckk>l>erry, and an ever- green known as sal-lal. besides many other varieties too numerous tn notice. Water is al)undani, and of the purest quality. I'^ich of the riv- ers mentioned, besides others of less note, and a net-work of smaller creeks and spring branches, flows either in whole or in part through the country, giving almost universal diff'usion of living enduring sm-face water. A few notable exceptions will be mentioned as we proceed. Even on the smaller islands of the Sound, beautiful springs burst forth, which are not excelled in any country. In addition to these are found numerous lakes, some covering but a few acres, others covering miles in extent, abounding in fish, and the water clear and pure. A ledge of rocks, or what is known as the bed rock, is seldom exposed to view That portion of the land that is gravelly or rocky is composed of detached pieces, generally washed rock, from the size of a finger- stone to tnat containing several cubic feet. In certain localities, large boulders are scattered promiscuously over the surface, in other places fine gravel, and running insensibly into sand, from same formation. More Uian half of the prairies, exclusive of the tide flats, are of this sandy and gravelly nature, aff'ording a rich, but not abundant pasturage. Other prairies are found, of the very richest of soil, small, it is true, comparing with the broad reach over the j^roat W(!st, yet sufficient to be prized by the possessor as of great value. Some, consisting of but suf- ficient for one farm, while others are of several square miles of extent, and of all intermediate sizes. The river bottom and tide lands, although they comprise but an inconsiderable area in comparison to the whole, yet they are of great value, and destined to build up happy and prosperous communities im- mediately within their confines. Balm, alder, ash and maple predominates on the lands, and we are always relieved and warned of the change of the season by the fall of the leaf, a thing we do not see in the forests of the fir and cedar, that retain their everlasting and perpetual green. The tide lands at the mouths of these rivers are of the same material, and called such so long only as the highest tides cover their surface. These always occupy space that was once the bay, and in many ])laces have encroached far out upon the ancient domains of this inland sea, the Sound, and the process is still going on, as portions of that which the earliest settlers saw as tide land, is now ♦vered with young timber, and another ad- vance made from the front u])on the shoals, to compensate for the loss. It seems superfluous to say that this soil is not excelled upon the face (if the globe, and yet did we not assert it, we should fail to do justice: l)ut of this we shall particularize undo:' tlie more appropriate heading on the farming lands, to be found elsewhere. In conclusior, while the general surface, covered as it is mainly with dense forests of fir and cedar, seem uninviting to those just from a strictly agricultural rr^gion, witli its browl jjrairies, yet the impartial eye cannot fail to detect the wealth that lies dormant in our soil, situated ^ WKST OF THK CASCADE MOUNTAINS. 11 y man. This d in favorable aim. Under- ling of hazle, and an ever- numerous to oh of the liv- irk of smaller rt through the uring surface we proceed. »s burst forth, lese are found !Overing miles ure. A ledge losed to view composed oi" ; of a finger- )calities, large her places fine lation. More of this sandy nt ])a8turage. nail, it is true, it sufficient to ng of but suf- iles of extent, nprise but an are of great nmunities im- I, and we are by the fall of »d cedar, that lands at the such so long Iways occupy ncroached far ound, and the irliest settlers another ad- for the loss. upon the tace to do justice ; riate heading 8 it is mainly Hc just from a i impartial eye soil, situated us it always will be, in the very midst of a manufacturing and commer- cial people, taxing it to its utmost capacity for sustenance, and calling upon other and remote localities to supply the ileficiency, always en- suring a highly remunerative market. NAVIGABLE WATERS. ' First, and greatest comes Puget Sound, and by that we mean the whole of the waters of this inland sea, altho»igh technically speaking they are divid.'d into several parts by geographers, as the Straits of Fuca, Admiralty Inlet, and Puget Sound, but we shall call the whole, as it is now universally and popularly known, Puget Sound. Breaking in from the ocean in North latitude 48° 20', longitude 47° 40' West from Washington, and forming our North- Western boun- dary, these wafers rush through an open channel twelve miles in width, with no obstructions whatever at the entrance, running nearly due East a distance of eighty miles, sagging a little to the South, with a compar- atively smooth shore line, finally to be arrested by Whidby's Island, that suddenly check them, turning a part Northward through Rosairo Straits, and the intricate and numerous channels of the Archipelago de Haro, into Bellingham Hay and the Gulf of Georgia j the other portion turning South, bearing Easterly, with an average width of nearly six miles, for seventy miles, and finally takes a shoot through that narrow passage known as the " Narrows," one mile wide and four long, bears South- Westerly, spreading out or ramifying into numerous bays and inlets, encompassing still other islands, and finally looses itself at its e.\- treme Southern limits, nt or very near the centre of this region of which we write, Western Washington, having traversed in all nearly two hundred miles. Eighteen miles South from where the waters first strike Whidby's Island, is an offshoot, called Hood's Canal, averaging two miles in width, bears more to the South-West a distance of fifty miles, then curving suddenly to the North-East fifteen miles, very nearly touches* the waters of the Sound proper, after having been separated in the ag- gregate circuit of one hundred and fifty milts, and virtually enclosing as an island, the county of Kitsaj), with its numerous inhabitants and valuable improvements. Then, again, is the channel back, or East of Whidby's Island. • iround Camano Island, through Deception Pass again into the Straits- and Swinomish slough, and by this last channel again into Bellingham Kay. To give a better idea of the vast magnitude of these waters, we^ '•xtract from the tabular statement from the United States Coast survey' '.)f the coast line, as follows : Straits of Juan de Fuca . IGJ Hosario Straits, Canal de Haro, Gulf of Georgia, &c 62'J' Admiralty Inlet 334 Puget Sound 280 Hood's Canal 192 Total 1,594 'M {'2 W AS HINGTdN TEHRI TORY This measurement is in nautical miles, which reduced to statute i miles, gives a shore lino of l,8ti!J miles. Did we neglect to say that in all this inland sea, not an unseen danger to shi])ping exists, that the waters, .ire deep, the shores bold, the anchorage safe, and the shelter from storms complete in almost every nook and corner, except in the Straits alone, we would fail in giving a eorreot idea of this succession of iiarbors to the distant reader. Im- mediately upon turning to the South, the Sound is shut in from the ocean storms by the snow-cap])ed Olympian mountains, and by its tor- tous and uncertain course, leaving a prominent headland here and a point of land there, still giving additional security against the force of the wind, never ceasing to fortify in all its wanderings, until it is one of the most complete and extensive harbors in the world, incomparable, because none are found with which to compare it, capacious beyond the possible wants of future ages, yet safe as the smallest land-locked har- bor of ♦^he world. The rivers Uing into the Sound are all navigable for steamers of light draft, generally almost up as far as their alluvial deposits extend, and in one instance, as on the Skagit, a stretch of fifty miles. Some of these are, or have been obstructed by drift, through which channels can be opened. Above the point mentioned they become more rapid i and uproarous, and will be used in the future principally as the channel through which timber will be run to tide- water. The lower Columbia river is tli'' next in importance and grandeur. Rising in the Rocky Mountains, dr.iningan immense sweep of country, and accumulating waters in volume second to none on the coast, breaks through the barriers of the Cascade range of mountains, finally emer- ges from the confines of the mountain gorge, and enters Western Washington in latitude 45" .50', longitude 4.5°. It is here we have first to deal with it as a part of the region described, after having made its last leap at the Lower Cascades. From this point it has an average width of one mile, and it is one hundred and forty miles by the river to its mouth. The river runs sluggishly throughout this distance, more or less affected by the tide„ The general course is West, beating some- what to the North. The depth of the channi'l on the bar is twenty- four feet. Ocean steamers ascend the river as far as Vancouver, a dis- tance of over one hundred miles. It is a beautiful and safe river for Vessels of suitable size, when once inside the bar, and upon its banks ;ire found several thriving towns and settlements, seme large milling establishments, and the most extensive fishing firms of the North- West ^oast. The entrance to Shoalwater Ray is twenty-seven miles North of 'the mouth of the Columbia River. " Toke's Point," or the extreme North- West point of Cape Shoalwater, and the Northern shore at the 'entrance of Shoalwater IJay, is in North latitude 46° i'.V, and longitude 47° 02' West from Washington. The bay covers an area of about one ■"lundred and fifty square miles, is of an irregular shape, and extends South parallel with the coast to within three and a half miles of Raker's Bay of the Columbia waters, and only separated from the ocean by a narrow strip of land of an average width of one and one-half miles. The principal river emptying into the bay is the Willopah, which comes in from the East, and is navigable for vessels drawing twelve feet of ced to statute lot an unseen lores bold, the almost every ail in giving a reader. Im- it in from the imd by its tor- iid here and a t the force of until it is one incomparable, us beyond the id-locked har- ir steamers of posits extend, les. Some of hich channels le more rapid as the chanuel ind grandeur, ep of country, ; coast, breaks I, finally emer- iters Western e we have first iving made its as an average by the river to ilislance, more bearing some- bar is twenty- icouver, a dis- 1 safe river for pon its banks large milling le North-VVest liles North of r the extreme n shore at the and longitude I of about one ?, and extends iles of liaker's he ocean by a me-half miles. I, which comes twelve feet of WEST OF THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS. i:} water, a distance of fifteen miles from the mouth. The whole length of this river is not more than thirty-five" miles, but upon its banks are found some of the finest agricultural lands of the Territory. The South point of entrance into Gray's Harbor is at Ciiehalis. I'oint, whicii is fifteen miles North oi' Toke's Point. The entrance i- about three-fourths of a mile in width ; there is about eighteen feet of water on the bar, and the harbor is considered safe. The bay covers an area of about eighty square miles. The Chehalis joins the bay sixteen miles from the entrance to the harbor, and at a place nearly east from Chehalis Point. This river is one of the most important in the Terri- J^ory, draining a very extensive district of rich agricultural land, both alluvial bottom and table land, and upon which thert are many settlers. The rive • is navigable for light draft steamers for sixty miles. Good «zed schooners can ascend the river to the mouth of the Satsop, a dis- tance of twenty miles. The tide sets in that far, and also up other streams emptying into the Chehalis, making eighty-five miles of tide water navigation, immediately adjacent to rich alluvial bottom and tide lands. SOIL AND CUMATE. Soil, without suitable climate, is of no avail to the husbandman, while ever so equable a climate is alike unavailing without the soil. Uut take the two requisites combined, and we have ihat which offers indui'cments to build up prosperous communities and wealtliy cities. Western Washington has not tlie uniformly rich soil of an Iowa or Illinois, neither has it the broiid |)rairies of the localities mentioned, yet, as elsewhere described, we iind much good soil, numerous desira- l)le localities for the farmer, some occupied and otliers unoccupied, and small prairies are found in the timber, usually prevailing. This climate is excelled in no |)art of the gl.ibe for the |)roduction of grass, the ce- rc.'als I i \ kinds, and the hardier vegetables. In this connection we ' ; June, Gl° 1' ; Julv, 64° !)' ; August, ()4° 0' ; September, oG° 9' ; Octo- i)er, 52° 6' ; November, 4(5° 2' ; December ;58° ;}'. For the year, 50° S' ; three winter months, ;{0° ()'. IJy consulting the meteorological tables for the State of Ohio, we find that the average of the State, for a series of years, varies less than one degree from that of Fort Steilacoom ; that although we are seven degrees of latitude further North, yet we have the average temperature of Central Ohio. By observing closely the temperature of the difter- ent months in the year, and comparing the two localities, it soon be- comes apparent that although the average for the year is equal, yet the climate of these places differ widely. Our summers are much cooler than those of Ohio, while our winters are warmer. So not'ceable is this feature of this climate, and so insensible is the change from the one u WASHINGTON TERRnORV reason to the Dther that many persons ;':\.' ready to classify our season^ as but two, the wet and tlie dry. This is only partially correct, for in tact there is scarcely a month In the year that we do not have showers, whilf many weeks, and 8i;metimes months of the winter, or wet season. is pleasant and dry. February is our great wheat sowing month. The cause of all this difference in tumi)erature between the Kastern and Western portions of the continent, is admirably set forth in the speecli of Hun. Chas. Sumner, on the purchase of Alaska. He says : '• All this is now explained by certain known forces in nature. Of these, the most important is a thermal current in the Pacific, corres- ponding with the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic. The latter having it^ origin in the heated waters o ' the Gulf of Mexico, flows as a rivii, through the ocean, Northward, encircl'.ig England, bathing Norway, and warming all within its influence. A similar stream in the Pacific, sometimes called the Japanese cuirent, having its origin under the equator near the Phillippines and tlic Malaccas, amid no common heats, after washing the ancient empire jf Jai)an, sweeps Northward, until t'orniing two branches, on'' moves tmward to Kehring's Straits, and the other bends Eastward along the Aleutian Islands, then Southward along the coast of Sitka, Oregon and ('aliforuia. Geographers have de- scribed thih ' heater,' which in the lower latitudes is as high as 81° ol Farenheit, and even far to the North it is as high as 50°. A chart now before me, in Findlay's Pacific Ocean Directory, portrays its course as it warms so many islands and such an e\'ent of coast. An officer ol tlie Uniti'd States navy, Lieut. Bent, in a paper before the Geographi- cal Society, of New York, while exhibiting the influence of this cur- rent in niittigating the climate of the North-West coast, mentions that vessels on the Asiatic side, becoming unwieldy with accumulations of ice on the hull and rigging, run over to the higher latitude on the American side and ' thaw out.' Rut the tepid waters which melt the ice on a vossel must change the aimosphere wherever they flow. " I hope you will not regard the illustration as too familiar, if I re- mind you that in the economy of a household, pipes of hot water are sometimes employed in tempering the atmosphere by heat carried from below to rooms al)ove. In the economy of natm-e these thermal cur- I'cnts are only pi])es of liot water, modifying the climate of continents by carrying heat from the warm cisterns of th-.* South into the most distant places of the North. So, also, there are sometimes pipes of hot air, having a similar purpose, and the.se, too, are found in this region. Every ocean wind from every quarter, as it traverses the stream of heat takes up the warmth and carries it to the coast, so that the oceanic cur- rent is reinforced l)y an a-rial current of constant influence. " Rut these forces aie aided essentially by the configuration of the North-West coast, vvith a lofty and impenetrable barricade of moun- tains, by whieli its islands and harbors are protected from the cold of the North. Occupying the Aleutian islands, traversing the peninsula of Alaska, and running along the margin of the ocean to the latitude of .■')4° 40', this mountain ridge is a climatic division, or, according to a (rerman geographer, a ' climatic shed;' such as ^erhaj)s exist nowhere else in the world Here are Alps, some of them volcanic, with Mt. St. Elias higher than Mt. Blanc, standing on guard against the Arctic Circle. So it seems even without the aid of science. Here is a dike WEST OF THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS. 1.". our season >■ arrect, for in ave showers, r wet season, nontli. Thf Eastern and n the speech lys : nature. Of icific, corres- ;r having it- s as a rivti , ng Norway. the Pacific, n under the mmon heats. ;hward, until aits, and the hward along irs have de- gh as 81" of .\ chart now its course as \n officer of • Geograplii- of this cur- lentions tliat mulations of itude on the melt the ice .V. liliar. if I ri- ot water are carried from thermal cur- f continentf to the most pipes of hot this region, ream of heat oceanic cur- ation of the Je of moun- I the cold of be peninstda e latitude of wording to a ist nowhex'e lie, with Mt. t the .\rctic re is a dike between the icy waters of Behring's Sea and the milder Southern ocean. Here is a partition between the treeless Northern coast and the woodier foast of the Ivenanians and Koloschians, a fence which separates the animal kingdom of this region, leaving on one »ide the walrus and ice fox, from the frozen ocean, and on the other *ide the humming l)ir(l from the tropics. I simply repeat the statements from geography. And now you will not fail to observe how, by this configuration of ther- mal currents of ocean and air, are left to exercise all their climatic power." Mean annual precipitation of rain and melted snow, for si.\ years, from Nov. 1849 to 1855. Location, Steilacoom Station, W. T. Lat- itude, 47° l(y. Altitude, 3()0 feet : January, 9.-5-I : February, 5. IH ; March, 4.56; April, 4.77 ; May, l.Sti; June, 1.97; July, 0.34; August, 1.54; September, 2.67 ; October, 4.43 ; November, 8.73; December, 5).92. Recapitulation: Spring, 11.19; summer. 3.85 ; autumn, 15.83 ; winter, 22.62. 'J'otal, 53.49. The following extract from meteorological regisfr, kindly fur- nished by Capt. James S. Lawson, of the United States Cost Survey, ;ind taken on board the brig Fauntleroy, at different points on the •Sound, although not extending over so long a period of time, is of re- cent date, and serves to illustrate the geiieral average : " Three winter months, 1868-69 : clear, 32 days ; foggy, 43 ; rainy, 45. .\mount of rain fall, 20,248. Mean temperature. 41°. Three spring months of 1869: clear, 59; foggy, 5: rainy, 29; amount of rain tall, 3,756. Summer : light showers — rain guage not in use ; highest temperature for June, 94°; lowest, 42° 3'. Three fall months: clear, 33; foggy, 8; rainy, 38 ; amount of rain fall, 14,123. Mean tempera- ture, 55°. Three winter mouths, 1869-70: clear. 19: foggy, 21 : rainy, 49. .\mount of rain fall, 19,752. Mean temperature, 42°. Three spring months : amount of rain fall, 6,058 ; snow, tfiree days in March. June — clear, 21 ; rainy, 9; amount of rain fall, 0,431. Mean tempera- ture, 62. Taking into consideration our moist autums and springs, and the comparative warm winters, no wonder that we have grass green nearly the entire year, and are able to make up a handsome bouquet from the open gardens in Jaimary. I'he Olympia Transcript, in its issue of January 15.^1869, says : " On Monday last, Mr. H. R. Woodard, of West Olympia, sent into this office a bouquet of flowers, containing twenty-tiro varieties, gathered from his open garden on that morning, January 10th, 1870. .\mong them we notice tlie following common summer varieties : The Myrtle, Marigold, Daisy, Roses — several varieties. Flowering-cabbage, Wall-flower, Shell-flower, Honeysuckle, Crysantbum, Camomile, etc., etc. If any other i)lac(> on the globe, in 47' North latitude, can pro- duce such a selection of flowers, twenty-two different kinds, on a space of less than half of a town lot, in the open air, on the East and North >>ide of the house, and fully exposed to the North, North-East and East winds, let it speak out and tell its story. Mr. Woodard's is not the only garden in which flowers are to be found. There are many of them. In our own little garden we find in full bloom a uumbtr of Carnation Pinks. Who can beat Olympia :•"' u; WA.SllIXCiTON TKIIHIIOKV No cliiDiJif fcjtn hf" better adapted to the growth of grass than this, and the >>on ♦.•"■ww -minently suited to its production. Fdlloijjiijr u.j'rT. this comes the summers, witii tlieir cool nights ami but few exe+twelT bf>t days, whicli altogether make one of the best dairy couiitne*««i (be continent. The business itself is in its infancy, not yet ahle V^ ♦xjpipij the home demand for butter, and no attempt at cheese nri! . yrt. Take a country so eminently fitted as this for the dairy -. with pure water aljundaul. a present home market for the wri"! ■. »nf! a constaiitly increasing demand, no dangei' but thriity ju^.:}::.- .. will find profitable employment and pleasant home*. Tht i»lal««iBMrt* often made that stock does not require shelter du- ring any part '4 ftbr winter, is incorrect and likely to deceive the dis- tant reader- W- t-.^ve Snuth and South-West winds prevailing in win- ter, that briu;; ',:^ and continued pelting rains, and sometimes, for a short limi . m>-.ip, I>uring these storms all domestic animals should be hou»ied anc' '■■: Sometimes rain will fall for several days and ;,ights in succe*-'"" . ■ . clear wi.ather will follow, while at time-, al- though th '■» " ' with clouds for many days, no rain falls. Fog doe^ ;. : ^.-Hvail to any great extent. In this high latitude of course the 4*j* aire »h«rt in winter and correspondingly long in sum- mer. It ih haJf-ji«»*1! ^frven in winter before it is light enough for out- of-door »orL,«irf *iark by half-past four; while in summer one can see well by a littJ* -dUCT three o'clock in the morning, and yet catch tht rays of twiJig+n vtii^.r nine o'clock These, of course, are the extremes. and th'-' int^nD'.nii.'.r of nearer er;- ■ dA\', between the summer and winter solstices are Agal' This coun'n • the heavy rui- mon duritij; or Ohio. i'K- aged huKbunc-- within our '> • toms and rh- rake to clsss a part of the year as the dry season. '.i' ever, sutlers from drought. True we have not * .r.er. bur copious and refreshing showers are com- v.er months, I think as much so as central Indiana 1 r.hat which we prize most highly. The discour- :-• ,rp, the parched plains of California, upon arriving imazed to see the fresh, green grass of our bot- ■■.tt growth of everything planted, recollecting the scorching htsil* *n#t drought* that he had left behine i'UtitiPf:'->ttBg to trace out the cause, yet the truth would nev- erthelesb reuin'- th«- .•ame. and so we pass on to notice the peculiaritx of to ptrt-iwUuQ. and with them all kinds of root crops usualh raised for man Mr henni.. The nights are always cool, so much so that the more leiicier fines do not tiirive well unless they receive extra care. I have seen i'jttr lw»heU of corn raised to the acre, and tomatoes ma- tured in the 'jg^eia garden in great abundance. These cool nights of course jjieelud*'* tlif: raising of grajjcs or the peach, like California or New Jersey, yi rren these are raised of tolerably fair quality in shel- tered locatiout. 111? apple, pear, plum and cherry are at home here, hear ngultirir wad 'a^.iw crops, and of the best quality. \\\' can,, in WEST OF THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS. \^ tiss than thif>. >ol nights uiul le of the benl in its infancy, IK) attempt at ed as this for home market lid, no danger and pleasant re shelter du- ceive the dis- ailing in win- jmetimcs, for nimals should lysand .-.ights at tini^ ■>. al- falls. gh latitude of long in 8um- ough for out- ;r one can see yet catch the the extremes, V solstices are le dry season, we have not jvers are com- Mitral Indiana The discour- upon arriving ss of our Ijot- colleeting the im. and but a had we space h would nev- he peculiarity ; find that tin tion over (5;!°. n, to produce crops usually much so thai ve extra care, tomatoes imi- ool nights of California or lality in shel- it home here, We can, in . the course of time, find a market for the surplus of apples in the coun- ; tries to the South of us, in ccnse^uence of the high flavor and excel- lence, as compared with the productions of a hotter climate. Trees come into bearing at a much earlier age than in the Eastern or Middle States, but are shorter lived and decay early. The apple will usually bear at four years old from the graft, but the body of the tree often becomes diseased. Not so with the pear ; although it bears early there is seldom an unsound pear tree found, and the same may be said of the plumb and cherry. Following upon these, comes the small fruit of every i description — the straw-berry, goose-berry, current, rasp-berry and black- I berry, that are produced in the greatest abundance and of most excel- lent quality. Ihe varieties of wild berries are numerous, and are pro- duced in succession and in great abundance, but nothing so large as the wild plum iz found, in our forests. The most valuable wild fruit found is the cranberry, which enters largely into commerce, and is destined eventually to build up a thriving business, as there are many places suitable for its production, and always a brisk market for shipment : down the coast and for home consumption. Wheat, oats, barley and rye all mature well and produce abundant crops. I have known fifty bushels of wheat and eighty of oats having been raised to the acre. The average of our wheat, however, will not exceed twenty-five bushels per acre for our bottom lands, and eleven for the upland gravelly prai- ries. It is of most excellent quality, being pronounced by our millers second to none on the continent, yet we do not raise a sufficiency for home consumption, because other and more profitable crops have en- gaged the attention of our farmers. I The soil of our river bottoms is usually made up of a sandy clay } loam, in some places sand predominating, at others, clay, but all of it quick and fertile. It has all been formed by the wash from the moun- ; tain side, and bears the character of the material found there, yet it varies in consequence of the different circumstances under which the de- ! posit was made ; that which was formed under a rapid current, of course, not being so rich in sediment and fertile matereial. A rank growth of vegetation then sprung up over • the whole surface, and de- ■ cayed, and in turn was covered in by new deposits, and so alternating for centuries, until the whole, for an indefinite depth, is made up of this abraded material of the mountain side, intermingled with vegeta- ble mould, the whole, loose and friable, and easily penetrated by the roots of growing crops, and of course not so liable to suffer from dry weather, as where a solid subsoil is encountered. This land is not en- tirely free from overflow. Parts of every valley have not been known to overflow within the memory of the oldest inhabitants, say for twenty years, while other parts are only inundated at intervals of several years, when an unusual high water prevails, and that only during our winter freshets, while a^ain another and an inconsiderable portion is annually submerged in winter, and sometimes in summer from the rise caused by the melting snow, and is totally unfit for anything but pasture. Gen- erally upon a quarter section of land, a part of each kind of land de- scribed is found in proportions differing of course with each particular location. In another chapter will be found an estimation of the amount of this character of soil in each county, much of which is unoccupied and awaiting the advent of the immigrant to enter upon and claim by 18 WASHINGTON TKRRITORY rifjht of the homestead and pre-emption laws. It is not claimed that this estimate is perfectly accurate, as it is merely based upon the judg- ment of citizens residing in the vicinity, who are often honestly de- ceived, and from the fact that a part is not even fully explored, yet I have made due allowance and think it is not overstated. TIMBER. The value of any commodity lies in the demand as well as in its availibility, yet it is often the case that the facility for obtaining cheaply, increases the consumption far beyond what it would be be were the ar- ticle scarce and costly. Such is the case with our lumber products. .\lthough the imperative demand is great, y;'t we find increased sale in consequence of being able to furnish at so low a price. Already the lumber product of the Sound region alone amounts to full one hundred and eighty million feet per annum, which can be increased from year to year as the wants of commeu. demand. We have seen by actual measurement that the shore line of the Sound is nearly sixteen hundred nautical miles, and although much of this is not available for logging in consequence of heavy fires having burned the more valuable timber, in some places, and in others, the growth not being suitable for lumber, yet loggers scarcely ever haul more than half a mile. To say that the timber is excellent and that enormous quantities are obtained to the acre, would not convey to parties P^ast of the Rocky Mountains, an adequate conception of either the quality or its extent. There are ca- ses where two hundred thousand have been taken from an acre, and trees three huudred feet long are not uncommon. The logs are hanled upon skided roads. By stripping the bark from the logs and oiling the skids, a team will take to the roll-way at one time several logs fastened together. Oftentimes, after the logs are fairly on the road, one driver will take three or four yoke of oxen to the landing, each yoke with a separate load. The consequence is that logs are furnished to the mills at $4 50 per M., and at a profit to the loggers, employing but few hands com- paratively for the amount of timber supplied. With a constantly in- creasing demand and a continued searching out of the most available bodies of timber, the time is not far distant when the price will advance and the better and more remote from the water will be drawn upon to supply the deficiency. This change will not enhance the price of lum- ber so much as to materially check the consumption, but it will be an era of increased prosperity among the farmers and laboring men. Then our rivees emptying into the Sound and coursing for a great part of their length through vast bodies of timber, will be called upon to float the growth of centuries through their channels down to the level of the salt waters, adding near one thousand miles more to our already exten- ded shore line upon which timber can be delivered to the water. The timber on the foot-hills adjacent to these rivers is superior to much that is found near the Sound, and in quantities far more extensive, so that we need have no fear that it will ever be exhausted, as there is a continued growth in localities not disturbed by fire or otherwise, thai; will assist eventually to keep up the supply. Yet, aside from this, there WEST OF THK CASCADE MOUNTAINS. IP n honestly de- explored, yet I t claimed that are many unexplored ravines and gently sloping hill-sides where chutes jpon the judg- will be constructed, and the force of gravitation made to propel the log to the waters connected with the Sound, and within the reach of tiie manufacturer. Already the foreign trade is great, supplying all quarters of this coast, the islands of the Pacific, Japan and China, and even Euro- pean countries. Ships now come to us principally in ballast, but with the North Pacific Railroad completed, this will not continue long, a^ they will bear the freight of commerce, for the groat interior, as well as that in transit to the Atlantic sea board and to Europe. The yellow fir is the most abundant, and that which is most used for lumber and spars. It is both strong and durable, and much used for ship building. It is a tree peculiar to the North-West coast, and is not found East of the Cascade Mountains, South of the 49th parallel, and no further South than the 42d parallel of North latitude. Besides the fir, we have the cedar, hemlock, spruce, maple, balm, ash and alder, in estimated quantity and value in the order named. The maple, l)alm, ash and alder are confined almost exclusively to the river bottoms. Upon the lower Columbia and in isolated districts of the Sound, there are bodies of the white fir, and in rare cases, of pine. There is also quite extensive oak openings near the head of the Sound, and extending far South towards the Columbia, but the timber is scrub- by and only second rate in quality. Although water power is abundant, yet steam is the power com- monly used, as a site suitable for shipping lumber is of more conse- quence than the cost of the machinery. Hence, nine-tenths of the lumber is manufactured by steam power, and many vacant harbors await the action of capitalists and the demands of trade upon which to found large manufacturing establishments and thriving villages ; and such are yearly being added to the number already here. The following is a list of the principal lumbering establishmer.ts and their location S. L Mastick & Co., Port Discovery ; Port Ludlow Mill Co., Port Ludlow; Puget Mill Co., Port Gamble; Adams, Blinn & Co., Seabeck ; Meigs & Gawley, Port Madison ; S. E. & T. Smith & Co., Port Blakely ; Grennan & Cranney, Utsalady ; H. L. Yesler, Seattle ; Hanson, Ack- erson & Co., Tacoma ; Williams & Co., Freeport ; P. Keach, Nisqually Landing ; Ward and Mitchell, Tumwater ; P. P. & Light, North Bay ; Columbia River Manufacturing Co., Knappen ; Abernethy & Co., Oak Point. The export of lumber, foreign and coastwise, for the year ending June 3()th, 1870, has been fully one hundred and eighty millions. The capacity of these mills during the same period, if run on full time, is three hundred and twelve million feet. In addition to those enumerated, there are numerous smaller mills run by water power, that supply the local demands of each settlement. s well as in its aining cheaply, be were the ar- nber products, icreased sale in ;. Already the ill one hundred ;d from year to seen by actual ixteen hundred [)le for logging aluable timber, ible for lumber, To say that the obtained to the Mountains, an There are ca- ll an acre, and pping the bark tne roll-way at ter the logs are 'oke of oxen to mills at $4 50 few hands com- a constantly in- most available ice will advance drawn upon to le price of lum- »ut it will be an ing men. Then a great part of id upon to float the level of the r already exten- e water. 8 is superior to more extensive, sted, as there is otherwise, that from this, there 'J'here are about twenty of these now running, with numerous water- privileges not even yet occupied, that can be improved as the wants of the settlers demand it. 20 WASHIXnrON tkrritoiiy FISHERIES. It is conceded by all parties competent to judge, who have re- viewed the whole ground, that the fishing interest of the North- West coast, will eventually centre in Puget Sound. The whaling vesiiels of the Pacific in former years resorted to the Sandwich Islands, and at a later date to San Francisco, for supplies, transfer of cargo, etc. Puget Sound is many days' sail nearer the whaling grounds than San Francisco, has a more capacious and safe liarhor, and can now furnish the appliances for repairs and supplies for outfit as cheap as any other point on the coast. Tne day that tne North I'acific railror.'l is completed will open a new source of trade for the Sound, by attr icting the whaling fleet of the North Pacific waters to this harbor. The cod fisheries arc destined to build uj) a very important com- ploying a great number oi men and a large invest- While the fishing grounds lie far to the North of the mercial interest, employing a great number nient of capital, ' Sound, the climate and location forbid the extensive curing of fish North of the 49th parallel of latitude, or very far South of tne 46th. In consequence of the first on United States soil being too far removed from supplies, and the climate too moist, while the latter locality is too hot to cure properly without injury to the fish, unless extra pains are l)estowed upon them to shelter them from the scorching rays of a South- ern sun. San Francisco is seven hundred miles further removed from the fishing grounds than Puget Sound. The equable temperature of this region eminently fits it as a curing station, and with these advantages are the great facilities of the numerous bays and inlets of the Sound, with a beautiful, clean beach upon which to land the fish, and where flakes can be erected at any convenient distance from the beach, upon which to cure the fish. Added to these advantages is the fact that fish- ing schooners can be built or repaired on the Sound as cheaply as in any part of the United States. Supplies of all kinds are cheap and abun- dant, brought here at a nominal freight by vessels coir,* g from all quar- ters of the globe for lumber or spars, or raised upon the alluvial river bottom lands adjacent to the Sound. Two trips a year can be made from this harbor, while but one is usually made by the Eastern fishermen. This difi"erence is mainly in consequence of the climate. While the fishing grounds of the Eastern coast are perilous even in summer, in consequence of prevailings fogs, lying, as the fishing vessels do, in the track of the great sea-going ves- sels plying between the Atlantic sea-board and Europe, that of the North- West is comparatively free from these dangers, and have the ad- ditional advantage of a mild climate, even in winter, never encounter- ing ice or obstructions of that character, either in winter or summer. Meager statistics aiC at hand showing the extent of cod fishing already on the North- West coast. In 1869, " nineteen vessels sailed from San Francisco in March and April of that year, for the Ochotsk and the Chouraagin Islands. The first of the fleet returned on the 21st of July wi |sequent di ] " The 'aggrcgatit there wer< over ■'')5,{)( Some coast hav< and long i in 1870 w vessels all crs, no d known. _ Alth« easily taV mouth of I probably ■ tor taking : Columbia The i hay, struj ; as the ti( ; over the i • next flooc ^ and perf ; salmon k i taken, bu i Wh( i ter miles I Gill nets, ; places f( i with thei ; night, 'j ; clear. A \ sible to c I utmost V ! Fiv( ring the ; parties. I about fiv i parts of ; parties ii ; The May, Ju ^ at a latei ; into salt ; while otl Int pounds, ' the vari( large, ai who have re- ! North-West esorted to the , for supplies, lil nearer the ;ious and safe d supplies for hat tne North trade for the cific waters to nportant com- a large invest- ! North of the curing of fish I of the 46th. 10 far removed locality is too xtra pains are lys of a South- oved from the terature of this ise advantages of the Sound, ish, and where e beach, upon B fact that fish- eaply as in any Bap and abun- from all quar- i alluvial river hile but one is ;e is mainly in of the Eastern •evailings fogs, sea-going ves- e, that of the d have the ad- vev encounter- ter or summer, of cod fishing vessels sailed r the Ochotsk led on the 21st WEST OF THK CASCADE MOUNTAINS. 91 of July with 45,00() fish ; the remaining eighteen reached port at sub- Hcquent dates, the last being as late as Novt.nber Gth. " The smallest catch was 13,0(K); the largest, 11 "»,()()(); the whole aggregating \,0o5,ryW) fish. Allowing one thousand fish to the ton, there were l,0o5i tons, or 2,111,000 pounds," or an average catch of over -WjOOO fish to each vessel. ' Some of the finest cod that has ever been caught on the Pacific coast have been secured this season by schooners owned on the Sound, and long since returned to cure their fish. The number of fish taken in 1H70 will far exceed that of last year, judging from the reports of vessels already returned. Other vessels are now building, and still oth- I'rs, no doubt, will be undertaken as the advantages become V ,tPr known. Although salmon are abundant in the Sound, yet they are not so easily taken or c'' so uniform good quality as those taken near the mouth of the Co iinbia from April till July of each year. There is ; probably no better quality of fish on the continent, or better facilities ' for taking them with certainty and in large numbers, than exists in the ; Columbia for a distance of fif'ty miles, along the river from the mouth. The tide rushing in over the bar and into the wide roadstead or I bay, struggles with the contending current of the Columbia, and sinks j as the tide recedes and allows the lighter waters of the river to rush i over the surface and out to sea, to be again crowded up the river at the next flood tide, and so on, leaving brackish or salt water at the bottom '; and perfectly fresh at the surface. Into this channel the variety of ' salmon known as the " Chinook," come in countless numbers, and are i taken, but a few hours removed from salt water. \ Whi're the main fisheries are located, the river is one and a quar- j ter miles in width, either one shore or the other running off shoal. I Gill nets, twelve hundred feet long are floated down the river, in some j places for miles, without encountering any obstructions. Two men i with their boat and net will average their twelve hundred pounds in one ; night. These fish can only be taken in the night, when the water is ! clear. As the channel is deep ar.d the river wide, it is thought impos- ! sible to cut short the supply, as millions pass up the river despite the ] utmost viligance of the fishermen. i Five establishments have canned about 1,800,000 pounds du- i ring the season of 1870, besides over four thousand barrels by other j parties. Those in cans nett about fourteen cents per pound ; in barrels i about five cents per pound. The canned ilsh are shipped to nearly all ; parts of the commercial world, and realize a handsome income to the '. parties interested. The fish which ascend the Columbia during the months of April, May, June and July, are of different quality froir.' those which ascend ^ at a later season, not the Columbia alone, but all the streams emptying ; into salt water. Some varieties of these late fish are entirely worthless T while other specimens are comparatively good. In the first run are found som - fine specimens weighing seventy pounds, and averaging for the season, as high as sixteen pounds. Of the variety caught later in the season, sixteen pounds is considered very I large, and the average will not exceed five. ■^r OQ WASHINGTON TERRITORY The Northern waters on the Alaska coast are literally alive with the very best of salmon, even larger than those of the Columbia. Shoalwater Bay tumishes large quantities of oysters for the Pacific coast trade. There v/ere sixty thousand baskets shipped from the bay during the season of 1869, at one dollar per basket. It is estimated that seventy thousand baskets will be required to supply the demand for 1870. There are about one hundred and fifty men engaged in this business, employing several schooners in the trade connected with it. Clams are found in great abundance on the Sound. The oysters of the Sound are small and confined to isoi.'ted districts. Recently parties have undertaken to transfer them to ne\> localities. Time, no doubt, will dcvelo])e good oyster beds in the waters of the Sound. The halibut is next in importance to the salmon. These fish abound in the Straits and far up into the Sound, to the North, inside the islands, and on the far-off banks of the North-West coast. Recently parties hpve undertaken to introduce these fish in the Southern markets fresh, by packing in i)ounded ice. No statistics are at hand respecting the success of this undertaking. Other means can be adopted if those already tried fail. It is known that where o fine fish as the halibut are so abundant as they are found in our Northern waters, that means will be adopted to get them into the markets of the world. Latterly these fish have been salted lightly and smoked, and in that way pre- served. The time will be, when large canning establishments, similar to those engaged in putting up salmon, will ])repare the halibut for the markets of the world, and a large commercial interest now lying dor- mant brought into life. Thirty thousand fishermen or more have found profitable employ- ment on our North-Kastcrn coast, while our population was less than thirty millions. Upon the completion of the North Pacific Railroad f.rh "'ill be sent far into the interior, to supply the wants of an ever- increasing population. For the present, the demands of the market will regulate the number to engage in the business. It is known that many thousands might be engaged, with reasonable prospects of suc- cess. True, prices tvill not rule high, neither should they, as we need cheap food with which to feed our ship-builders aw^ "lanufacturers. Puget Sound will be the great centre where the fisher .nan will draw their supplies, receive their pay, and from whence the fish will be dis- tributed to the commercial marts of the world. The ship-building in- terest co-incident to this trade, will employ large numbers of men, and each will draw upon the agricultural and manufacturing interests, tax- ing them to their utmost capacity, and furnishing a market second ♦'< none on the continent, and certain in the no distant future to build up a numerous, prosperous and wealthy community. NORTH PACIFIC RAILROAD, The charter of this company recjuire of them to build ai; I equip a first class railroad from Lake Superior to Puget Sound, and that they must construct one hundred miles each year after July, 1870, and com- plete the whole by the 4th day of July, 1877. 1 Pug' nng all th . 49th part of twent; , in the te pass, wit ; of the ro . tiers prio This i millions I and equi ' leave a ' India am • surplus The , length tl sea than nearly 4i ■ cific, an( Sound, t ; The tude of From U To Yell( Along t To Flat- To Lewi To Pug. From I. At From C To Nev To Coo I To Proi To Hun To Rer. To Aub I'o Saci To San From C Not I fifty-tw Th r,he No: Gc that " ( winter, that th WEST OF THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS. 'V.i rally alive with !oluml)ia. for the Pacific d from the bay It is estimated )ly the demaiui iigaged in this iiiected with it. i oysters of the ecently parties ime, no doubt, nd. in. These fish North, inside )ast. Recently uthern market's land respecting dopted if those as the halibut ers, that mean.'; ■orld. Latterly 1 that way pre- hments, similar halibut for thf now lying dor- jfitable employ- n was less than ^acific Railroatl nts of an ever- of the market t is known that •ospects of sue- ey, as we need aufacturers. ;r.nan will draw ish will be dis- bip-building in- ;rs of men, and : interests, tax- irket second to ure to build un D. ild ai. \ equip a , and that they 1870, and com- ! Puget Sound is defin^:d in an amendment to the charter as compris- ing all the tide waters ccanected with the Straits of Fuca, South of the 49th parallel of latitude u the United States territory. A land subsidy of twenty alternate sectiou!« of odd numbers, on each side of the road , in the territories, and t«;n in the states through which the road will pass, with the right to go twenty miles beyond these limits on each side \ of the road to make up any deficiency of lands taken up by actual set- tlers prior to the location of the road, is granted by Congress. ■ This grant will cover an area of about 93,000 square miles, or sixty millions of acres. It is estimated of value sufficient not only to build and equip the road entire from Lake Superior to Puget Sound, but will leave a surplus sufficient to '• fit out an entire fleet for the China, East : India and coasting trade, of sailing vessels and steamers, and leave u i surplus of millions." The advant<^es of this route are that it will run nearly its whole . length through a rich ;»gricultural region of far less elevation above the ■ sea than any other road across the continent, and will be shorter by nearly 400 miles from ocean to ocean than the Central and Union Pu- • cific, and 1,600 miles nearer from New York to Shanghai, via Puget Sound, than San Francisco. The subjoined tables will exhibit the comparative distance and alti- tude of the two competing routes : i .\LTITn>E OF THE NORTH PACH'IC ROUTE: ■ From Duluth, on Lake Superior, to Dakota Vallev, ;iOO miles, 1200 feet. i To Yellow Stone River, oOO miles ." 2200 " - Along the Yellow Stone 100 miles 2500 " \ To Flat-head Vallev, 3<>0 milet 3500 '' ] To Lewis or Snake River, 200 miles 3000 " I To Puget Sound, 500 milts 400 " '. From Lake Su;>erior to Puget Sound, 2,000 miles. ALTITUDE OF THE I'XIOX AND CENTRAL PACIFIC ROUTES: • From Chicago to Omaha, bO^) miles 1000 feet. : To New Cheyenne, .MKi miJes 3300 : To Cooper's, 100 miles 7300 To Promontorv Point, 485 miles 6200 To Huinboldt,'406 miles 4750 : To Rer.o, 130 miles 4000 ; To Auburn, 118 miles 4400 ; fo Sacramento, .36 miles 300 To San Francisco, liX> miles 50 From Chicago to San Francisco, 2,375 miles. Note. — Engineers allow one mile additional running time for every fifty-two feet of rise and fall. The highest point on the Central Pacific is 8,235 feet, while that of the Northern Pacific h 4,9.50. Governor Stevens, in his report on the North Pacific Railroad, says that " along the coast the prevailing sea breezos from the South-West in winter, and the North-West winds in summer, so modify the climate that the isothermal Hue runs nearly parallel to the coast, and making 24 WASHINGTON TERRITORY the climate of Puget Sound nearly as mild, and in summer more agree- able than in San Francisco, while it corresponds closely with that of the Western coast of Europe in i,he same latitude, and especially that of the British Island. The effect of this amelioration from the prevalence of the South- West sea breeze is felt in winter, as has been here shown, as far East as Fort Uniou, on the Missouri, and has a constantly appar- ent effect on all the country East to Fort Benton." One thousand feet of ehvation will cause a fall of temperature equal to three degrees, and taking into consideration the difference of the altitude of the two routes, it would more than compensate for the difference of latitude, aside from the climatic influences mentioned by Governor Stevens' report. The North Pacific Railroad company by their charter are required to use American iron in the construction of their road. The grading of two hundred and forty miles, from Duluth, on Lake Superior, has been let, and a large force are at work. The company has already taken the in- itiatory steps to establish large iron works near its Eastern terminus, lo supply the iron with which to build that portion of the road. Four sur- veying parties, of twenty persons each, are in the field, diligently searching out the best route from the Sound. That branch from the Sound to the Cr imbia River will no doubt be completed during the summer of 1871, w.iich will enable the company to bring the rich iron ores of the Columbia, and the limestone and coal of the Sound together, with which to commence the manufacture of iron for the Western portion of the road. The following statements of comparative distances is taken from u pamphlet issued by Jay Cooke & Co., entitled " the Northern Pacific Railroad's land grant:" "The Northern Pacific road will be the shortest and therefore fast- est and cheapest route of commerce and travel between Asia and Eu- rope. The comparative distances between London, New York, Phila- delphia and Baltimore, and Shanghai, in China, and Hakodadi, in Japan, by the two routes, the San Francisco and Puget Sound, are as fol- lows : OISTANCKS. Statutf Miles. Loi\don to Shaiiu;l)ai, via. Mediterranean aud Kcd Sea ll,8fKi " to Yeddo " " " " i:i,0(Mi " to Newlork •3,(Wi Chicago to San Francisco via. Uniou Pacific K. R 2,4'.'-! " to Puget Sound (Seattl^Northern Pacillc R. R 2,140 New York to San Francisco via.^hicago .3,32:{ " to Puget Sound " " and Northern Pacific K. R :{,040 Philadelphia to San FranciHco via. Chicago and Uniou Pacific R. R .1,-M'i " to Puget Sound, " " and Northern Pacific R. R 2,W> Baltimore to Sau Francisco "• St. Louis aud Uniou Pacific R. R ;i,a(»<> " to Puget Sound " Chicago and Northern Pacific K. R 2,'.»(; Sun Francisco to Shanghai " Sandwich Islands 7,8 to Hakodadi, " " " 4.4(Ki New Tork to Shanghai via. Chicago, Sau Fraucisco and 3Iidway Island.. 10,42:t " to " " " Northern P. R. R and Puget Sound. 8,7iVi Philadelphia to " " " San Franc. sco and Midway Island... 10,34;! " to " " " Northern P. R K. and Puget Sound. 8,()7r) Oaltimore to " •' St. Louis, U. P. R. R., S. Francis. & Mid. Is... 10,3Hi) " to " " Chicago, Northern P. R. K., and Puget Sound. 8,ft')'' WEST OF THE CASCADE MOLXTAINS. a 5 nore agree- that of the ally that of prevalence lere shown, intly appar- temperature lifference of sate for the entioned by required to iding of two as been let, aken the in- terminus, to Four sur- 1, diligently fill no doubt the company 3ne and coal cture of iron aken from a :hern Pacific lerefore fast- isin and Eu- York, Philn- di, in Japan, are as fol- Stiitutc Miles. ll,8fKI i:t,00(i .1,():.'ii 2,4:':i 2,Hi) 3,:m :!,(>» 3,uM.! B 2,m> 3,«Hi : 2,9?; 7,mi 7,10() 4,8lKi a,7if. 1.40(1 land.. 10,42't ioiiiid. 8, on tlie mountain sides, if not to the very s, mmit. COAL. Since the comparatively recent enormous growtli of steam marine, the attention of all commercial nctions has been more particidarly di- rected to deposits of coal convenient to tlie ocean, than in former years. The question of a full supply of cheap coal, and of good quality, is one of more tlian ordinary importance tii Puget Sound, considering the con- test certain to arise for the carrying trade of the Ivist. upon the com- ])letion of the North Pacific Railroad. Tiie freight from China and .lapan is of such a nature that s|)eed is tlie great consideration. The line of railroad across the continent will he shorter and the distance less to important ports of China and .fapan, yet without coal to gener- ate steam, I'ugit Sound might fail in her laudable aspirations to grasp this great trade in the no distant future. Coal is known to exist at short intervals from the Columbia Uiv(M' near Monticello, to Belliugbam Jiay, near our Northern l)ovmdary, a distance of two lunidred miles. Tiu'se outcroppings are found in veins from two to sixteen feet in thickness, and vary considerable in their ([uality so far as examined, yet no fair test has been given except ])er- uaps that at Hi'llinghain Hay, and at the liake Washington field, near Seattle. To particularize, it is found within a mile of tiie Cowlitz river, some four miles from Monticello ; then, again, near Claquato, on the Cheha- lis, thirty-five nulf^s from the first; then on the Skookum Chuck, and a' short intervals to \\itlnn fifteen miles kii' Olympia ; next, on tlie Puy- allui), Ivist of Commencement bay ; on Cireeii river, to the North of t-lie last named : then the Laki' Washington field, seen miles l'',ast of Seattle ; and again fifteen miles to the Ivist and not three miles distant from the famous .Snoqualinie falls; and so on through to the 45)th par- allel. That found on the West side of the Sound, is in seams not so tliick as those named, yet of excellent quality. When it is known that this country is comptiratively yet unex])lored, much of it unsurveyed, and all s])arsely settled, it is fair to presume that other discoveries will be made, and that in all probability the strata underlies the whole coun- try. That at HeUinghnm Ray is already worked SOO feet under the wa- ters of the Sound. Twenty-five thousand tons of coal were shipjied from the Melling- ham May mine during the year ISOi). The mine iiad lieen on fire and was flooded to extinguish the fire, which closed it for three months of that year. One linndri'd tliousand tons jier aniuim can now lie taken from this mine and deliver(nl to vessels, i'lu' liunkers recent- ly erected, together with the wharf, will easily clean ')()0 tons of coul per (lay. They are of J.OllO tons capacity, and cajiuble of delivering 1,000 tons per day to vessels. Three vessels can load at the same time and at a cost ul" aliout ^.'i per ton. 1 •2« W A SUING TON TKKWTORY The test for tlie caloric value of this coal, takinr> ; New York. 1 in 08: Ver freight, chased bear ferred ton, to Sound an addi Tl twentv average of would olo- While one I), while tht ;)m the Bel- 1 field I.IS. ieite, burii^ ion to other •iiir for j)iir- niakiiif^ \\'< found hen developin;: three year^ ver the new ore the coal by lake ami ditious plan lakes Wash- k1 a half of way is to b( ties, opening instant ship- ■d at its ter- forwarded tn tage betweei: er of a mile. <> require m(' s in which i; ishington. all itractors wlui lis latter dis- ^ctober next, nber. Their )unt that tht ington Terri rid that it e.\ rict that it b pon examina ington Terri- Misus reports itio of death' blunibiu, I i' in OS ; Vir WKS'l Ol' THK ('AS(Al)K MOlN TAlNS. mont, 1 in KM); Massachu.setls, 1 in ol ; California, 1 in itW ; Minnesota Territory, 1 in 204 ; Oregon Territory. 1 in 28'). In ISfiO, the deaths in Arkansas were at the rate of one ])erson out of every forty-eight ; Massachusetts and Louisiana, 1 in '>1 : Illinois and Indiana, 1 in H7 : Kansas, 1 in (iH : Vermont, 1 in 92; California. I in 101 ; Oregon, 1 in 172; Washington Twrritory, 1 in 22H. Again, from the Surgeon Gen- eral's army report it is shown that the rati') of deatlis from fever was : In New England, 1 in 2H.'{ ; Harbor of New York. 1 in (50; the Great Lakes, I in lo9; Jefferson barracks and St. Louis .Vrsenal. 1 in ll.'{ ; Texas Southern frontier, 1 in 07 : Texas Western frontier. 1 in .)29 ; Oregon and Washington Territory, 1 in 029. The very favorable showing contained in tiu census reports, is in l)art accounted for by the difference of the tlioroughii'ss of the work in taking the census of different localities, yet we look forward with confidence to the forthcoming census, to bear out the assertion, tiiat no other state or territory will compare with Washington Territory in health and longevity. The report of the Surgeon (ienera] is less liable U) error, yet exhibits in a more marked degit-r the proportionate deaths from fever ; while that of the five districts nanu'd averaged one in onw hundred and thirty-seven, that TK.\>I Kli.- : To till' C'oliiniliiii Ki\ I'r - niih's. " ViiiK'oin I'l', uji rixer II '' " CllHCfldcK i'i " Kroin Monticello to the CHSoadrs s.i " I'ltiiM .>'(>N ri< Kii.o iiDWN Till: i:i\i:u uy riti-WEKKLV stk.vmkks: To Oak I'oint ^.-O niiUs " CHtlilamel IJ " '' Pai'illc ("ity, near th<' niontli of thi- folumbia 4" " From .Moiiticillo to I'acilic City T'J '• The daily steamers from Monticello up the river reach Portland, Oregon, in eight hours ; distance, 50 miles. The tri-weekly steamers reach .\storia, Oregon, and near the mouth of the Columbia, in six hours ; distance, (iO miles. lerous large meat, if hi river hot- Colunibiii to .Mouti- oint eigljt\ - ncement of scope of thf )rohably hi- by steamer. •■5() : steer- Cc to Olvm- 00: tinu. eau steamer usually g(i- m I'or'tlaui 00; time, s. ri:iis \ortli Mountains. c Ocean, or. Olympia. on >ni thence to Hv the us. — .{O null's. — 12 '• .... 14 " — 10 " — rj " — •<> •' timber — ,soi clay region, ive 01ym])ia M. ; rest at L>r this route, -... -t milps- .... 41 " .... 4-2 " .... S5 " .\.UKITE.»MKR.s: I'o Steiliirodiii 24 miles. " 'rucoiiia 17 " " .Scuttle :il " • I'ort Madison 12 " •' I'ort (;aiiil)lc :i(i '• " I'ort Ludlow 11 •' '• I'ort Towiiseiid 17 •' •' \'i(ttoiiii, 15. C .VI •' Trom Olympia to Victoria IS2 *' The time occupied in running from Olympia t ictoria is twenty- two hours. KliO.M iil.y.MCIA XoKTU, : of White Kiver :{ " •' White Kiver Tost Oftice 2 " " the erossiuj^of lUaok Ifiver 10 " " Seattle 12 " I'rom '• the tnoutli of the riiehalis and Uray's Ilarl«ir i:i " i''roni (.(lyiiiiiia to the mouth ol the <'hellali^ tid From Steilacoom East, via. Nah-cht»s Pa».». to WaUula or Old Fort Walla Walla, East of the Cascade Mountain;, it \i 225 miles. This road was opened through the mountains for wagons in 18.j:j, by an emi- grant train and citizens. In 18a4 the government spent §20,000 on it as a military road, and a large number of emigrants came over it that year with their wagons. iSubsequently this route has become blocked uj) with timber, and only used as a pack trail or for loose animals. KKo.M sKATii.i; i;.vsrwAi:i), \ ia. .>X«»«/i'.%l.3nE I'As.s: To (Mymer's I'ojst Ofiice, on Black iiivcr 11 miles. " Squak y " " Sno'|U:ilniic Kiver l,s " " " summit 2.! " " liUke Kitchelas a '• •' rhori)'s 24 " ■' rmatillaCity 110 " I'rom Scat;"- to Umatilla City ^(Hi " 'I'his road is open for wagons across the Cascade Mountains to the prairie. Within the last five years seven thousand dollars has been ex- pended on it by the Territory and King count), together with private subscriptions. King county is now expending 4l,dOO more this present season. I I WAsHismas rKUunoRY j/j//. Horri-js. f I From Olympia if* *tcii»cooni city, 'I'f miles, and back, tlirue tinier a week, by stage From Olympia. *« Arradia and Oakland, to Skokoniish, '-W milt's, iiiul back, oiifc a w l. ••>;\ly.. From Olymjiiu. .} (. darviilt', Elma, Moatezano, lloquim, Che- lialis Point, hruccj^u.i. Fi.it W'illopa, Oysti-rville and Unity, to As- toria, Or.. ITS miit*. iirwi hiack. once a week. l-'rom Olympiia '.ft Yeim, 'l'\ miles, imd back, oucc a week, horse- i)ack. From Oiyiupih W Tcumwater, Coal Hank, Grand Mound, Skookuni Cliuek, C'luquato, Grjuad Prairie, Castle llock and Freeport, to Monti- eelli), and l>ack. >Cix a«fer-» a week, by staj^e, H,5 miles. From Olympim by Stfeilacoom city, Seattle, Port Madison, Port Clamljle. Vmi J^udluir, I*f>rt Townscnd and Port Angeles, to Victoria, IJ. C, 2(K) mile^^. aiwa ii»idii. tvrice a week, in steamers. From ('l»(ju8tty wSaunders' Prairie and Cowlitz, to Grand I'rairie, W iiu'lt*- MjhII if«wk. once a week, horseback. From .Sleilaffj. " '•y tu Franklin, KiA mile!-, :'-al back, once a week, hur^eiiack From Viuieou< .', ,v ( atl»la[)oodle, I'nion Uidge, J.iiieoln and Pe kin, to Freeport. *;i :»!;;-:>•. ind back, once a week. From BfccUil':. ,;. Makiiteo. Tulalip, Snohomish, Coui)ville, Swino- mish. Utsaiad) ai^u >ak.t^t rivtT, to Whatcom, l(Ji) miles, and back, onei a week, in steamt-j*-, F\om Seattjf, tjij tireeport and Port Hlakely, to Port Orciiard, :>(> rniles, and back, ujjtie ;ji week, by steamers. From Seattle, hj White River and Slaughter, to Franklin. .SH^ miles, and back, ur.r.- .\ week, horseback. legal LAShS AM) LAM) I'rr/J'JS. population being sparse, and land to l)e had it. There is no controversy respecting titles Land ha*- ru}-r^<' . .dimply by reKi'iiai^ . _ _ , ^ _ except, perhilp^. in s waail di.itrict formerly claimed by the Hudson's Bay Company, w- m ^.y style themselves, Puget Sound Agricultural C'ompany. Tht Uiiiiiaifii States Government having purchased all the rhe United States, Jms settled that question, n surveying the land, and hence it may be no disturbing elements respecting land titles r to the year 18.54, obtained their title under rights of the coiu: and are this pre>- fairly stated that r.L : in the Territory. The early svt;t>^ . . . -. _. _-„ , the operation tA tl*'; ir;n.ition law, giving at first 640 acres, and late uoe times , 'Mi miles. iiiin, Che ■ ly, to As- ■ek, horse- Skookuiu to Monti- li.soa, Port o Victoria, eok, hoi'hf- and buck, £, to Grand ack, once a ulii antl Pf ille, Swino- l l)ack, ont'L :)rchar(i, :5f» •ankliu. :iHf, il to he had I'cting title.'" (-■ Hudson*!* Agricultural used all the at {[uestion, B it may hv g land titles ;• title under s, and later WEST OF THK CASCADE MOUNTAINS. 31 .'120 acres, to heads of families, and half that quantity to single persons. Comparatively few claims were taken under the first provision, and hence half and quarter section claims are the rule in settled portions of the Territory. 'Hie titles to these claims are safe and subject to private sale at prices ranging from three to twenty dollars per acre, according to the quality of the soil, the location and the improvements made. In addition to this, all the land surveyed prior to IHOO-fjl has been " off- ered," and hence is now subject to private entr). •' There are two classes of ])ublic lands; the one class at IfSl 2o per acre, which is designated as minimmn, and the other at i$2 50 per acre, double ndnimum. Where every alternate section of odd numbers is granted to a railroad, the i)alance is held as dovble minimum.'^ Title may be acquired by purclinsi;, at public sale, or by ordinary private en- try, and by virtue of the pre-emption and homestead laws. Since the passage of the homestead law in 18(i2, there has been no land ofl'ered at public s,de, and hence all the land surveyed since that date has been left for the actual settler under the homestead and pre-emption laws. Homestead claims can be taken on surveyed land to the extent of one hundred and sixty acres on minimum and eighty acres on double niinimnm by paying the oft^pe fees, amounting to $22 00. IJy a recent act of Congress, soldiers having served three months in the army and having an honoral)]e discharge, are entitled to one hun- dred and sixty acres under the homestead law, on double minimum, or alternate reserved sections. " Pre-emptions to the extent of one quarter section may be made under the gL'noral pre-emption laws ujjon ' offered ' ami ' unottered ' land ; in certain cases, including Washington Territory, " may have legal inception by actual settlement upon unsurveyed land, although in such cases no definite proceedings can be had as to the completion of title until after the surveys are officiallv returned to the district land office." '•The act of March .'J, 18."i;j, extends the pre-emption for one quar- ter, or one hundred and sixty acres at $2 oO per acre to every ' alter- nate' United States or reserved section along the line of railroads." The second section of the act of .July 14, 1870, requires that "all claimants of jjre-emption rights shall hereafter, wbc.i .'o shorter period of time is now prescribed by law, make the proj'er pro f and payment for land claimed, within eigliteen months after '.he date prescribed for filing their declaratory notices shall have expired : Provided, That where said date shall have elapsed before the passage of this act, said pre- emptor shall have one year after the passage hereof, in which to make such proof and payment." " This act leaves the provisions of law as heretofore respecting ' offered lands ' viz : filing within thirty days, and payment within twelve months after settlement." Upon surveyed unoffered land, filing within three montiis and payment within twenty-one months after settle- ment. There are two lanil offices West of the mountai.is, one at Olympia, on the >ound. and one at Vancouver, on the right bank of the Colum- bia River. 4: ::2 . WEST OF THK CASCADK MOIXIAIXS. The final location of tlu- Xorth Pacific Jlailroad will, no doubt, be made imine() per acre if entered, or give 80 acres for homestead right. The policy of the railroad company in conformity to their interest, will be to encoura ■'»() per acre. TRADE or PUG LIT SOUM). The I'acijic Tribune of Sept. ^.Jth, ISOi), says : liy the kindness of Major Van liokkelen, of the (,'ustom House, we have been furnished with the following statement of the trade of Puget Sound District No. KKJ, from July 1st, 1S(3S, to .hme ;}()th, 1.S61): Coasting trade between Puget Sound and San ^'rancisco — vessels enrolled and licensed in I'uget Sound District : \'-i schooners, 1 brig. '_'.5 l)arks and barkentines, 4 ships and 8 steamers ; total. .11 vessels. Total tonnage, 17,4;{y .1()-1()()_. Vessels engaged in coasting trade that are enrolled and licensed in San Francisco District; .'J schooners, o brigs, 18 barks and barkentines. ,-) ships; total, .'H vessels. Total tonnage, 12,8;}!) <>8-l()(l. Xumber of registered vessels that cleared coastwise during the year ending June I5()th, 18(59: ol vessels; lonnage, '2'),(H<'). The vessels engaged in the coasting trade between this district and San Francisco, have for the past ten years, never averaged less tliau seven trips anuuallv, which makes the clearances coastwise as follows, for the year ending June .'JOth, 18()i) : 2Gl,;}-l{)0 tons: 24 sloops, 174 ;51-l(tO tons; i» schooners, 227 .•{4-100 tons. Forty- eight vessels, l,7u2 04 tors. foreign trade during the year ending June .')0. l,S()!i: 142 Ameri- can vessels. ;}8. 7-')!) •:JG-10() tons ; 41 foreign vessels. 1!).2').> i»0-100tons. 'I'otai. 18;5 vessels, r,8.01,> 2(i-100 tons. Artiel's of foreign ex[inrt ;ind value ; WEST Of THE CASCADl': MOlXTAINS. doubt, be (haw from forty inik's numbers. re 80 acres ir interest, doubt but cb a price, i'bere is no ,■ sell tbeir ' the road : e kindness 11 furnished )istriet Xo. 20 — vessels ers, 1 brig-. .jI vessels. licensed in larkcntines. during the district and d less than as follows. leaving the )rrcctly, are vAi.ri;. tin) .si,inr),(«Hi :;'.l,:VNi )()rts on the ;9-10() tons: lis. Forty- I4'J Anieri- <)()- 10(1 tons. \ Al.l K. l.iviu;,MiuiiiiiilH, l:i,-.'H.-, h.ji.l $llM,r.(i'i !•' M ixet'lliiiifoiis iiieiTliaiidixt' ir,,(H).i IMovi-iioiiH ■ JS^-l'' Lumber, »piirH, jillfs uiul lumber imnortco n, ,ih^ KKi-Arrrri.iriu.N. Whole amount of eoastwlsi- toiiiuiir* '-" ■'•'"' 't" I"" " " furei^ trailc tuniiii;;)' '•• .JS.Dl.) ■.'il Ino Total toinia(,'e :ll-.t,:is:i lu' HH' \ iiliii' of exports eoaRtwioe ft'.',-', «, I .'o '> " forei^ )'.K>,','N' Total value of exports .*.i,r;:!,;. \ AMI.. Mei ^'Iiaiidise admitted free of duty » l.«'''"' "" '.".t.v iiif,' duties "-'^'' *' .Sii:i,<,tsl -11 The value of the imports and exports of Puget Sound District, as far as -^an be ascertained, .S'2,8;57,1>S7 41. Vessels sailing out of district regularly, under temporary i^ipers issued in this district; 15 barks, tonnage. ().:5T2 !»() ; two steamers, ton- nage, 579 48. Total, 6,9.j2 :5S tons. Total tonnage recorded in district : TONS. S2 Bail vessels -";;<"'^!^' i^' IN Steamers ''rt'-iH 71 •Jt.'.H.'i Cm Vessels built in the district during the year. IONS. •^ sloops ■ ,'■- , li seliooners •''*' '•' 4 barks and barkentiiies '.'''14 .>! 1 bii" -'■'• *"' ."i steamers '" " :t,7s-.' AZ The following statement has iieen kindly furnished by Hon. M. S. Drew, Collector of Customs for Puget Sound District, for the year enl- ing .lane 30, 1870: Value of "oods inijxirted from foreign countries .«i:i:i,l(r) oo Amount o°f dutie^ eollected 4I.:!-!C. (hi KXPORTS OK |if(MKSTl<; I'HOlllCK. Value exported Ib Ameriean vessels $2!tl,OIO (Hi ,1 u " Foreign " HIMKId (mi Total exports forei^ .$440,915 (H. Live animals of all kinds.. '^;K'!! IH! Lumber of all kinds '-I' '-■■;^ *' A 11 other articles '"'-"^ "" $440, '.Mu (K) 5- ■■■ II :{4 WASHINGTON TKllUnOKY TONNAOK UKI,ON«l!»«J Tft THK DIHTltK T. •iJ sailing,' vckhpIh i:|,7IIOli lit Nti'uiiii'rH '.',015 K s HvowH and bar^jon 140 rr Total toniia<{i' l6,Ho facts de- of the tim- ber found on this coast, all other Knish the .same, at .< less price than on ■the Atlantic sea-board. The committee appoiutwd to make the investigation say : " The growth of the business has also been hindered by grav*- doubts as to the strength and durability of .;ur firs •.vhen used as shi|) timber. The predilections of all Americ m and iMiglish shipwrights arc naturally for oak ; but oak has been scarce, or rather the oak of this coast has generally been found worthless for these ])nr|)oses, while only the laurel has been found suitable as a substitute for it. Sufficient time has, however, elapsed to prove to us that we have several kinds of ship timber in the greatest abundunc" and of a size and quality in ever\ way better adapted for shi]) buiiding than 'Jie timber used for many years back on tne coast of Slainc or tlie British Provinces. "llKD .\X1) Yki.i.ow FlK. — These trees, which constitute about one- half of the dense growth of timlier of Orego;. and Washington Terri- tory, have become celebrated throughout the world f(n- their magnificent proportions and the serviceabli quality'" of the .spars and lumber sup- plied from them. They frequently furnish sticks IJO feet long, IHxlK and even 24.\24 inches scjuare, without a particle of sap, without a rent or check, perfectly sound and straight. I'lanks of this timber, (iO and 00 feet long are readily obtiiinable. thus avoiding the necessity for more than one-third to one-half as many l)utts or scarjihs in a ship's sides, decks, or fore-and-aft timbers as are required in F.astern or European vessels. As to the strength of these woods many mechanics think it fully equal to that of Eastern white oak, and they all agree that if oak be stronger, nothing is easier than to use ei.ough more of our fir to make up the dift'erence in strength. In some other respects the fir has the advantage over oak. It contains just enough pitch to enable it to hold iron fastenings with a tenacity so great that bolts and spikes gen- erally break before they will draw out of it. Iron never becomes "sick'" when imbedded in it, as it does when corroded by the acid which satu- rates all kinds of oak. As to its durability, we know that altiiongh it has not yet been tested as the sole mat«i' ;' of a guano or peppei' ship, yet it bus been extensively used for new timbers, planking, ceiling decks, keelsons and staneheons, in large vessels repaired on the coast ; It har< been the sole material used in building our coasting and river schoon- ers ; it has i)uilt \hi' ('hri/sopvlis: Y<"• tlio Frcni'Ii uuthoritii's in tliu impiriiil dock yard nt Toalon, .sliow lliiit tuiists from \'uue(>iivor's Island an' superior lo tlii' b<;st I'lasH of Itiga spars. Tlie n-port of the French cnsjinctii's, wliich is cqr.ally appli- cable to tlKMiuists and Hi)ars of l*Ui,'ft Sound, says : " The principul quality of tlie»e woods 1r a flexibility and tenacity of fibre rarely met with in t.ves so a|,'ed ; they may be bent and twisted several times in contrary directious without break- ing'," and possesses other rare qualities, sudi ;i8 "exceptional dinieni'ions, strcn l)eantii'ul colors and susceptibility o» taking a high polish. Its durabil- ity, however, when put into a ship's frai. » between wit'd and water, haK- been questioned, and it has not been used CAwi-.i.-iively or long enough to settle this point definitely. Thosr ".rho are best qualified to judge, l)e- 4 WEST OF THE CASCAIE MOUNTAINS. size can l)o these |)()r- Dots flat on believed by t hoick iron ur all ship- luable of all t Coos IJay, the islands )ry liave for Sitkii, thirty ivrecked. by rs appeared his cedar is iniber in all of 17.5 feet, naterial for the Eastern n Territory. ! suitable for rs of it have four feet in ;\vo ur three and unfit for yet we are cured about ihip's frame, ire usinj^ it. argely inter- ty , of oak is ch is just as pasture oak dies a great ne helves or bo."", and of be dei'vered bund on the 1 and Wash- iently found tnaterial for Kfe-raiii'. and ted from its Its durat)il- d water, Iku, ig enough to D judge, be- lieve that when cut at the proper time of year, and well seasoned before using, there will be no trouble about its dural)ilitv." * • • • ■ * * "FoHKlGX VV'dous. — U it should, however, be found that none of our |)resent coast woo:iw tapping. The Sugar Pine of Cal- ifornia also yields a superior article of pitch and rosin." "CoAi, — Of a quality resembling anthracite is found at a mine a few miles from Seattle, on Puget Sound. The principal article of export from Coos Bay and Hellingham Hay, is coal of a quality sufficiently good for all purposes cjnnecled wi»'. ship-liuilding ; and it can be fur- nished at the yards adjacent '.much less than New York or Boston prices." " C()Ul)A(iK ANU GaKI'M — Can be supplied in any quantity, and at prices below the cost of importations by the San Francisco Cordage Factory — an establishuient that has fov twelve years past supplied a large periiou of the Manilla lope used on this coast. We are not aware that this establishment has yet undertaken the manufacture of tarred rigging, hut there can be no doubt that, as soon as our farmers have made up their minds to raise hemp — for wiiich many parts of our Stale are specially adapted — this, or some similar ropewalk will be able to supply all the tarred rigging required on this coast for both new and old vessels." •' Si'AKs. — Since Pugtt .Sound has for years supplied several Brit- ish and French jrorts. China ai.i .\u*tralia, with the finest spars in the world, it is needkss 'or us to allude to this important item, except to remark, that in nearly all the prominrnt ship-yards of the old world a :J8 WASHINGTON TERlUTORY i heavy freight hus to hv paid on spars, because they require vessels of a large size to be injured for other ])urpose8 by tlie cutting of bow-ports ; while the bulky nature of the cargo requires a long time for loading and discharrjing. All this is Mholly saved at Puget Sound and at all other of our lumber ports, vehert^ the finest of 8])ar« can be procured in im- mense quantities for the mere cost of cutting and towing them to the yards." MANUFACTURING. Manufacturing interests are almost entirely undeveloped, excepi that of lumber of all kinds, which it is thought has obtained a charactii second to none * the continc it. One hundred and eighty million feander Holmes, F. S. Kearney, tf fizard Stevens, Jas. R. Havden, M. S. Drew, Y . >L LaiHDer, Jacob P. Clark,.... . . Samuel W. Brown,. . . Vi. G. Adams, Governor Olympia. Private Secretary " Secretary " Surveyor Gen. . . ♦' iSup't Ind. Att'. Indian Agent . $3,000 2.000 2,,300 , These j draw ])a\ J- as officer."- I U. S. A. Queuault . . Tulalip... " " Skokomish " " Simcoe J det. dut\. Chief Jus. ;5d ]>. Seattle .'5t2,oOO " Asso. " Lst ]). Walla Walla 2,500 Asso. " 2d D. Olympia. , . . 2,J00 U. S. Attorney. . Vancouver. . 250 & fees. Marshal ". . ..Walla Walla|250 " '^ Collector Olympia . . . . ; 3,000 Assessor " .... !$1() per dav Col. of Customs , P. Townsendi2.000 & fee's Rec. Land Office Olympia ; 500 " " Reg. " " " " I 500 " '• Rec. " " Vancouver . . 500 " " Reg. " " " . .| 500 " " PAID BY THE TKltUITOUV. S. H. Mann, jLihrarian J. G. Sparks, 'Ter. Auditor. . . . Hill Harmon, Ter. Treasurer. . Andrew J. Cane 'Pros. Atty 1st I). A. G. Cook ' " " 2dl). Chas. M. Bradshaw, " " .'Ul D. Olympia. Waha Walla Vancouver .. P. Townsend 500 4 per cent. 81.000 1,000 1,000 \ MEMBERS or THF LFGISLATURE. HOirsK. Thurston county — D. J(. l^igelow and R. Brewer. Thur.ston and Chehalis — Edward Cami)l)ell. Jefferson — J. J. H. Van Hokkeleii. Jefferson and Kitsap — Ivlward Vrooman. Kitsa;? — George Stetson. Pierce R. S. Moore. Pierce and Mason — Stephen Judson. Walla Walla— Jas. H. Lasater, David Ashpaugh, l<:iisha I'ing, T. W. Whet- ston, John Scott and N. G. Lloyd. Clarke— Jas. H. Herns. (J. W. Max- well, S. 1). Maxon and W. C. Abbott. Stevens — Park Winans. Lewis W. B. Gosnell. I'acific— Charles Barstow. Snohonii.sb— W. B. Sin- clair. Whatcom — C. C. Finkbonner. Klickitat — H. D. Cock. Ska- mania— J. W. Hra/ee, Claim— Hezekiah Davis. King— George Mc- \l( 'IJRS. COMl'KX. 2.()()(» 2,,1()() Tliesf j draw )iii\ \ as officers I U. S. A. j det. dut\. 2,o()() 'J,j(»() 2o() & fees. >o() '• •• ;j,0(K» ?«1() per da\ 2.000 & fees jOO " " .500 " '• JOO " '• 500 " " $400 500 per cent. .SI. 000 1,000 1,000 Rt:. liurstnii aiul Bokkeleii. •ge Stetson, ion. Wallii •. W. Whet- (J W. Max- ans. Lewis -W. B. Sin- .'ock. Ska- George Mc- WKST OF THE ('AS('AJ)E MOINTAIXS. 4! Oonaha, T. 1). Hinckley. Island — Tlionius {'ou])e. Cowlitz and Waii- kiakum — fi»>o. Gray. COUNCII,. Th'iiSton and Lewis — K. L. Suiitli. .leHerson and Claim— G. V. Calhoun. Clarke, Cowlitz, &e. — William Huntington. Clarke, Klicki- tat, cVrc. — K. S. Jo.slyn. Snohomish, ike. — H. .\. Smith. Walla Walla. Sec. — 1). Stewart, H. J). O'Bryant. I'ierce, Mason and Cheiialis— .Folii\ McReavy. King and Kitsap — Joseph Foster. 8 TA Ti: ( '0 xs Ti rrrioN. The question of calling a convention to form a State constitution was Ruhraitted to the voters of the Territory at the election held in .Tune. 1870. A very light vote was cast, with the following result: For con- ven'.ion, 974. Against convention, 1,100. Majority against conven- tion \m. HRjcf^s riJRiii<:sr. The subjoined table of prices current is intended to exhibit the av- erage cost to purchasers in the towns and inarket places on the Sound, for the year 1 ■':J09-70. In the Southern part of the Territory, near the Columbia River, many articles of country p.'oduce are lower, other arti- cles about the same : GllOCKKIIvS .V.VI) PKOVIHIO.NS. Beans — Cal. red 'tm He; home product Oc. Butter — ;{7.ic. Bread — Navy 4Ac; pilot jc; l)utter crackers He; soda crackers 8c; sugar orackers lOu; pic-nic crackers He: soft bred, fresh ,'>c. Cheese. — 22c. Coffee— 'irUa'M); Java, 40c. Coil OU—(H)idH)v \f' gal. Cod /'V.s//— 9c. Candles — 2.'c. Cream Tartar — (>2.ic. V.^ifs — ;j;Jc ]^' doz. /•W(— Salmon .*10 y,' bbl; fresh 'Ito oc ^' lb. /'V«?/.*— Kanier #.) ,>0 \^'' bbl: extra family »> 00; XXX Lincoln Mills 6 .50. Koiiey — Home raised 2."> e \\' ll>: Isastern in cans .'{7c. Lari—\H(n%)o. Molo'<.ses — oOc ^' gal Onions— $1 .50 ^' bu. Peas— lie ^ lb. Potatoes— U W ^^ Bire—9c #' lb; 50 lb sacks ,' gal SiKfur — Sandwich Island ^' tl» 10 to 14c; Cal. refined 14'0'l(k. Saleratus—V2hrd)m c4f Hj. Soap—$l 50 to 2 00 ^' box. JSpir0o—'*it!n'[iHc #" hot. a WASHINGTON TERUITORY 2 '25. Salt — Unground, $1 ."iO ^ hundred ; half groun to 7 00. Home Manufactured — Mens' stoga boots $03 00 ^ doz; do. kip 84 00; do. heavy brogans 36 00. DRY-GO()D8 AND CLOTHING. Alapaca — oOidl 50 4^' yard. Blankets — Oregon manufactured \i>' pair, No. 1 $10 00; do. No. 2 S 50; do. No. ;{ 50; 14 lb, $15. Domestic — Brown standard, No. I, iNc; do. No. 2, 10c; light 12 c. DeLanes — One-half wool 25c #^ yard. J)enhHs — 20c y.^ yard. Flannel — Eastern 3-4 white. No. 1, 30c; No. 2, 40c; No. 3, 75c; Oregon manufactured 4-4 75c; do. fancy colored 3-4, 62i; do. shirting ii2i; Canton 25 to 37^ ^ yard; one-half wool 374'dti2c ^ yard. Hickory Shbiinq — 20'o 25c ^ yard. Doe Skin—$l 25 to 1 50 W vard; do. fancy 1 5 >. Mens' /'rtM/s— $2 00 to 12 00 V pair; duck 1 (>.» to 1 25; denim 75c to 1 25. J/afs—'Slena' hats $1 50 to 5 00 each. Overcoats— $i3 00 to 40 00 each. Suits — Mens' beaver $25 00 to 27 50; do. frock 30 !)0 to 35 00; cassimero 12 00 to 30 00; l)lack cloth 30 00 to 50 (K); boys' 6 00 to 20 00. S/iirts — Mens' white $1 50 to 3 00 ; woolen overshirts 1 50 to 4 00; undershirts and drawers 1 75 to 5 (K> ^ pair. Shawls — 72x72, plaid, $4 50; do. black cashmere 5 00; 4-4 single #2 50 to G 00; 4-4 doul)le 4 00 to 12 00. iiAeefi/i^— Unbleached 4-4 j^" vard 15c to 30c; bleached 4-4 25c; do. (5-4 37.ic; do. 10-4 02i MKVTS AM> VlXiKTABLKS, WHOI.ESALK. /ieef' ^'altlt — Nett weight, ^rass fed 6'd7c; do. stall fed (winter) 10c; corned $14 00 to 18 00 #•• bbl. .l/«f«rt«— Nett 6c; live weight $2 5(» to 3 50 (^ head. /♦ojA;— Slaughtered 7ia8c; gross 6c; $24 00 ^ bbl 200 lbs. %/— $14 00 to 18 00 ^' bbl. Potatoes — 50c y?* bu. 0(»; oz; do. kip I); do. No. -J. ; light 12 c. No. 3, Toe; do. shirtin;^ vard. I 25; denim !X) to :i.5 00; ioys' 6 00 to lifts 1 oO to 0; 4-4 single !ied 4-4 25c; fed (winter) K) rbs. Turnips — 50c ^' hii. RKTATI.. Beef — Grass fed (summer) Ha 12ic: stall fed (winter) lOh I5c. Mi'Moii—1(nl2ic^ n>. Pork—mar2ic #•• tb. OTHKlt ARTICI.KS. Hides — Green, oc. Tallow— I'nWc. Milch Coir.f—^mra'iio. Ilmj—ln bales SlO^rf 18. Chickens— W doz $:i 00/n4 (Hi. S.ADUI.KKY. Harness — No 1 Con. harness, silver plated. hame$, breeching .•?50 00: do. trace bearers 42 50; 2 do. plain breeohing 4o • gal. Turpentine— $1 25/o 1 50 ^* gal. White Lead^$'3 00, 3 50^0 4 (Kt y^ kg 35 fb. Varnish— $3 50 to 10 00 #^ gal. Oround Paints — In oil, 50c #'' M>. Bnishes — 5()c to $3 50 each. Gold Leaf—luc W book. Glass— 1^2 50«)3 00 #•" box. Paper Hanging — 25^50c \^' roll. FRUIT.s. ^;>pfes— Green, 1^ 2c #'' tti; dried S^ir 10c. Pears — Green, 2(n 3c ^ tb. Cranhernes — 25ih 37^ i^' gal. mrawben-ies—\2(n2()c ^' lb. ^ I Chamber Seis- plo $100 00. FrKXITVRK. -Soft wood $45 00 to 65 00: hard rood, curly ma- 44 WASHING roN IKUUrn^RY I 1 Hinefnui—\L^ i^f (M) to 40 (X); cedar 1,> (K). TabUji — Mapfe s^Uierwinn *2 -'jO ^J' foot; hreiikt'ast, iiiaplt; and al- der f" (K> to !<♦ 00 each, accordinj;; to finish. Carpti — 2 pk *i .i^ ^ yard: :j ply 1 75; Hnissels 1 75. M(ifihty—1i5\ti 3Ti If yard; dnied tOfmoA rising sharply liehind it, the course is about southeast by viutt. amrf distance four and a half miles. Under W^est Point there i^ "^ '-.^s^ in ten to fifteen fathoms after getting towards the bluff: bu: - north side of the point the water is very deep. Through the vrtiV:-: / she bay the depth ranges frn.n eighty-eight to forty fathom*- Ol \r.K north side of Battery Point a vessel anchoring in twenty fatbotCK ramnot have a greater scope of chain than thirty-five fathoms, without iiiiinz too close to the shore. When we anchored there in thirteen fath'.»tB* *n4 »ef?red to twenty-five fathoms of chain the ves- sel's stern *r' - tr ^nd a half fathoms. The beach is smooth and very regular. • -;: rapos^d of sand and gravel. On this side of Battery Point if tita* di»s*rt*d town of Alki, the Indian phrase for " bv and by.") 'i'he Vjwn has had several names, but there is nothing about it to command \rvi^ "The bluff h*:W. within the hay, two miles north nor*V-,ist of Bat- tery Point, it. l>u»wawh Head. It is steep, about one hi . s/ed and fif ty feet high. f»f«>»*i nith, timber, and the beach at low water stretche>- WKSr OF THK CASCADK MOUNTAINS. 4', iplf and al- to 8 00. HtCTii make, 0. VVt'st from f the waters aniiel, tbrty- ed and thir- niiles in the II width, the ih a channel ly straight ; \i\ J'roin tliis mish (Elliot) nlet retreats dually makes which forms ay. The bay )f two miles. bare, with a irse is about Under West ting towards s very deep, jhty-eight to el anchoring,' 111 thirty-five chored there lain the ves- smooth and this .side of rase for " bv :)tliing about ;'a8t of Hat- h'ed and fif ter stretches 'out over a quarter of a mile north -northwest from it. The head of the bay receives the Duwumish Iliver, and for one or two miles is an exten- sive flat, bare at low water." IJy the U. S. census for 1H70, there are 1142 inhabitants in this place, rhere are always many transient persons from the mills ano', West from Washington, anrl contains I.oOU inhabitants. r 40 WASIlIXCiTON TKllKITOUY \ |i Hudd's Inl«t, upon which the town is built, 18 describt'd by tht United States Coast Survey as " six miles long, three-quarters of a'inili- wide, and runs nearly South. The shores are steep and wooded, and the head of the bay is an immense mud Hat, behind which is the town. It acquires prospective importance by being the Capital of the Territory, l)ut especially on account of its jjroximity to the Columbia River Vallev, and to the head-waters of the Chehalis. A dei)th of three fathoms can be carried on the West side of Hudd's Inlet, within one and a half miles of the wharf, and one fathom within a mile on the Eastern side. Vessels are brought up to the wharf at the highest tides, and then rest in the mud until ready to leave. " The a])proximate corrected establishment is 5 h. 8 m., and the mean rise and fall of tides !» .2 feet. " The greatest difference betwern the highest and lowest tides is reported about twentv-four feet, and is doubtless more than this, when we comi)are its position with that of Steilacoom." This measurement is in nautical miles. The entrance to the bay is nearly one statute miU in width, soon widening out to one and a half miles, becomes narrow ojiposite the wharves, and passing on to the South one mile and a half, at an average width of not more than 4tK) yards, receives the Deschutes river at Tumwater, a town of 2(M) inhabitants. This river, by a succession of falls within the distance of three hun- dred yards, descends eighty-five feet, and at the very lowest stage affords a volume of water of '2,o()() cubic inches, at a velocity of .J22 feet per minute. During the greater part of the year it is estima- ted that more than double that volume of water pours over these falls, and at any time during a still evening the rush of waters can lie heard for miles through the surrounding country. Ocean-going steamers, and vessels of several hundred tons burthen reach the wharves at high tide, and remain until discharged. The land adjacent to the bay is elevated above the water about fifty feet at the front, at some points rising still higher as you recede from the bay, at others running oft' level. At the point where the town is built the hills seem crowded back from the front, and form a sort of vallev, which, with the tide-flat to the North and West, is estimated to cover an area of five square miles, that would be level or nearly so; the adjacent lands to tlie South and West rising gradually to an elevation of about one hundred and twenty-five feet, and continues so to Turn- water, overlooking the bay to the West and North. The interests of Tumwater and Olympia are so near identical, their location such as eventually to run together and form one city, that for the jiurposes of this s-.rticle it is sufficient to describe them together. This is the nearest point of the Sound to the Columbia River, and hence all the travel overland concentrates at this i)lace. Two lines of daily stages run each way between this place and the Columbia River, besides extras as demanded. Two lines of semi-weekly steamers run North from Olymiiia. leaving Mondays and Thursdays, returning Wed- nesdays and Saturdays. Am])le as the water power of the Deschutes river is without im- ])rovement, it can be made much greater by a small outlay. In addition to this, Hlack Lake, l)ut three miles distant, at an elevation of one hun- « WEST OF THK CASLADK MOVNIWIXS. 47 ibed by tlu Ts of a mile vooded, and i.s the town. TeiTit()i\ , iver Valley, fathoms can and a halt '>astcrn side, nd then rest in., and thi vest tides is n this, when neasurement statute mill' nies narrow L' and a Iialf. le Deschutes )f three hun- Inwest stage velocity ot it is estima- r these falls, !an bo heard tuns burthen i. er about fifty recede from •■ the town is irni a sort of estimated to early so ; the an elevation 1 so to Tuni- entical, their city, that for toffether. a Itiver, and I'wo lines of imbia River, steamers run Lirning Wed- without im- In addition I of one hun- dred and forty feet, can easily be turned into the ravine formed by " Percival's creek," and furnish a very huffo water power. From the position of Klack Lake and the Chehalis, it seems [>racticul)le to turn the waters of the latter into the lake, and thence to the Sound. This done, an immense power would follow, besides an inland water commu- nication with the eliiy rej^ion of the Chehalis and surrounding country. Mr. R. A. .\bbott. builder, furnishes the subjoined statement of the buildings erected in the town of Olympia within a jjeriod of twelve months Just passed: 47 dwellings, 11 stores, 1 brick i)ank. 2 hotels, 1 !)riek Jad, 1 church, '.io '^mailer l)uildings, I .saw mill. 2 sash and blind factories, 1 cabinet manufactory, 1 wagon shop and 1 gun shop. At Tuniwater valuable imprnvenie' ts have recently been made. A new large saw mill has been built, a furniture and water-pipe manufac- lury established, besides other improvements of minor importance. .STKII..*COOM. Steilacoom is the county seat of Pierce county, and is handsomely located on the Sound just South of the '• Narrows," connecting Puget Sound with Admiralty Inlet, and contains about three hundred inhabit- ants. The county l)uildings consist of a wooden court house and brick jiiil. costing ton thousand dollars. The other public buildings in the town are three churches, two school houses and a Masonic hall. The Sisters of Charity have established a boarding school for girls here, and usually have about forty scholars. The mail steamers of the Sound call four times a week in making their semi-weekly trips, besides the tow boats and independent line of steamers. A line of lumber vessels run direct to San Francisco, carrying freight and passengers at reasonable rates. The insane asylum buildings, formerly the officer's quartt-s at Fort Steilacoom, are one and a quarter miles East, and are handsomely located upon an open, dry prairie, with neat surroundings and a beauti- ful landscape. The insane are yet kept near Monticello, and will not be removed prior to July, IhTl. The penitentiary is located upon a small island near the town, upon which work is soon to commence. At present the ])risoner8 are kept in the county jail. The harbor is large and commodious, dee]) water close up to the chores, and the anchorage good. The surrounding country back for a region of twelve miles square is upland prairie and timber, dotted with beautiful lakes of pure water, skirted with scrub oak, resembling in the distance the large apple orchards of older settled communities. Over all the country mentioned there is a beautiful carriage way in almost every direction, both winter and summer, as the soil is sandy and gravelly and never muddy. The scenery in this vicinity is excelled no- where on the coast. Four snow-capped peaks, St. Helens, Mt. Ranier, Adams and Hood, one of which is known to be a smouldering volcano, lies in the distance to the East and the South. The ragged Coast, or Olympian Range, is seen to the West, besides a beautiful fore-ground of dark green, ne\er ending timber on the foot-hills adjacent to the Puy- uUup, Nisqually and White rivers, to the East and North, and to Hood's Canal to the VVest. Steilacoom creek falls into the bay just below the town, giving power to one flouring mill and woolen factory recently erected, yet leaving the principal part of the power to run to waste. The creek it- i 4(f W'ASiriNOTOX TKKfUTORV I I I 1^ self is hut thrtT and oiie-luilf miles long, risiii); in a la ;e Kust of the town, falling in that distance nearly two hundred foci. The hanks an- iitera'lj lined with springs, some of which (done are large enough for mill pcwers, one in the vicinity heing used for that purpose. PORT TOWNSKNI). I'ort Townsend is the eounfy seat of .letterson county, and contains about five hundred inhabitants. Point Wilson, just outside the harbor, iu in latitude 48'^ 08', longi- tude 4(5° 44'. West from Washington, and with Marrowstone Point op- posite. on Whidby's Island, forms the entrance to Admiralty lidet. (iuimper Peninsula, upon which Port i'ownsend is built, is de- scribed liy George Davidson, assistant coast survey, as having "three miles in width and ten miles in length, ofi'ering great advantages as a lu- cation for a town," situated, as it is, with Port Discovery bay on the om side and Port Townsend on the other. The harbor is described in the United States coast sinvey as l)eiiig "tin, orablv situated at the termination of the Strait of Juan dt Fuca. at the outlet of the waters of Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, cK:c., and in proximity to the great labyrinth of iidand waters of British ('oluni- bia. The entrance lies between Point VVilson and .Marrowstone Point, the latter bearing east-southeast three and five-eighths miles from the former. Upon this line, and even out^rkle of it, lies a l)ank extending two-thirds of the distance from Marrowstone, and having from six to fifteen fathoms, with hard, sandy bottom. Inside of Poii\t Wilson, which is com])osed of low, sandy hillocks, as heretofore desciii)ed, lie> another low point called Point Hudson, distant one and tluee-qnarterN miles, southeast by south half south. " Starting from the entrance line, about one and a half miles from Marrowstone, the mid-channel course of the bay is south-southwest, three miles, with an average width of two ; thence southest one-third south for three and a quarter miles, with an average width of one anil a quar- ter. The depth of water throughout is very regular, and ranges from eight to fifteen fathoms, with soft, muddy bottom inside of Point Hud- son. Vessels coming from the strait stt^er for Point Hudson, as soon a* it is opened by Point Wilson, passing the latter close, as twenty fath- oms are found one hundred or two hundred yards ofl" it. Upon ap- jjroaching Point Hudson, and when within half a mile of it, gradually keep away about a quarter of a mile in fr m five to ten fathoms, and. as it opens, run quite close, with the summer wind otf shore, to save making a tack j keep along half a mile to the town situated under tin Prairie Bluff, and anchor anvwhere oft' the town in ten to twelve fatli- omn. :»bout a quarter of a mde from shore. In winter, anchor further out. to cle.ii Point Hudson, in getting under way with u southeaster." " .\ military po,«t has been established (since abandoned,) on the bluflf. two and a half mile.-' south by west from the town, ai.d on a site which commands one of th mo.-t beautiful views in these waters, hav- ing the bluff and varied shores of tire bay on either hand ; Admiralt} Head, six miles distant : in the middiC ground several distant, wooded ridges, ai\d in the back ground the snow-covered, doulile summit ot Mount Baker, ten thousand nine hundred feet in height, with the moutli of the crater distinctly visible between the peaks, and at times emittiii;; vast volume* of smoke. The elevation of the lii\e of perpetual snow I'MSt of IIr- le hunks ill'*- enougli t'di mid i-oiitaiiiN ■t" ON', loiiKi- iif I'oiiit oji- ty liilot. built, is (U- i»f? " tlirt'f tilf^l'S iis !l lo- ly on the om ■vey as beiiip; lan lit Kuca, nul, \:c., and itish Coluni- vstone I'oinl. iles Irom tlii- k cxti'ndiii^^ i; from six t« oint Wilson. t'scril)ed, lii-s fln'et'-qnal■tl•l•^ df miles from utliwi'st, thrif iL'-third south L' and a quar- 1 ranjjes from f Point Ilnd- on, as soon a< ; twenty fath- t. Upon ap- it, f^radnally fathoms, and. shore, to save ted nnder tlu' ) twelve fatli- nchor further southeaster " oned,) on the ui.d on a site waters, huv- d ; Admiralty utant, wooded )le summit of itii the moutii imes emitlin;,' irpetual snow WKSl OF THK CASCADK MOlNrAlS'S. 4(» ii))on this mountain is three thousand one lumdred and forty-five feet." The present husiness part of the town is Imilt upon a low, sandj beach, of hut a few acres in extent, innncdiately adjoininj;' which is an abrupt white hluH', elevated ajjproxinuilely one hundred feet above tide water. Unlike the <;;eneral character of the land horderinfj; on the Sound, this eltivated ])rairie is slightly uiidnhitinfj, hut comparatively smooth, with a quick, fertile garden sod u|)()n the surface. Upon this elevation is found the neat ri'sidenii's of the citizens, the marine hospital, churches, school-houses, I'Ce. The Cnsloni Mouse ibi the Puget Sound district is located upon the beach below, hence all for- eign shipping are compelled lo enter and clear at this place. VANCX)Uvi;u. Vancouver is handsomely located upon the riglit bank of the ('o- ibi;. ri'.er. 110 miles from the mouth, in latitude Lj" .'JH', longitude \'i° HV. West from Washington, and contains J».iU inhabitants. Ships of any size that can cross the bar at the mouth of the river can ascend with safety to this place. The lidt,' aft'eets the rixcr this fur up, often setting in with consideiable curnnt i)el(i\v. Tlie Hudson's Hay Compauy early si Ipciel this location as a sjfe for a chief trading post, and interfered for a time with a part of the land needed foi' city purpo.ses; afterwards the Government reserve for " Uort Vancouver'' i^mltraced a part of the same. From its position it is highly probable that the .\orth Pacific Jlailroad from tin' Sound lo the Columbia river will pass through this place, and lieing considered the head ol shij) nav- igation on the (.'(dumbia river, will no doubt nuds.e a city of great im- j)ortance. illl.l.INi; TOWNS. At eacii of the cjreat mills, and at the coal mines, tlnre an' villages coiUaining from ITjO to JJOO inhabitants. The im])rovements generally vests in the mill pro]irietors. ;ind usually consists of a few handsome residenci's and comfortable houses for those engaged in and about the mills, a h(>- -C c - 1 --1 ic ic ft X ci ct r; cc o S ii 4- )0 a.iquin v "..I — _ OJ ^ (e li u w re « —.— — *. CI S5 M 4- M ii c w c - 1 y I: c5 c r * J: -^ r? ■" •*- *>r.tti'iii .iiiii v — wSc wic le e: T. — — 3r e; — — — I-.;a y - i >''!'•"" ''t!'l >• ' JO aaquinM JO .I,)(1U111\ — — — qt— —4.— joc— — — — — rere rcoi — re4-c;c4.e:(CeTe.:c.e3re ;*iX4-7— r X re — C-. re e; c 4. e; tJT e*. — i. ii x c o — ' i * ,, _ 4» >- ci s»i ti 4. r. at — 4- .i.tfimux I . JO joquiuji UOmillKlriiipiJOJ, I _ re rt t. m o c i> 5 c S £ " o w 'it S & S^ I « I — Ci re — iOX 4> o — — — c d ft -) re .J c e: K 5 3r 4. m S a £ S w c •OiWl ] ' uoniiiiidod 11IJ0J, , •UODDllJIH '.))l:)Si) limOKJO.l •Ai:i| JO «uo,i, ■U|1U7J JO (<|ai|i(n|| WEST OF THE CASCADE MOLXTAINS. .11 II rrf/DRAii AL or land. On tlif l!>th of October, 1S7(», the odd soctions for twenty miles on each side of the survvyed line of the Northern Pacific Raih'oad was withdrawn from marls "t. by orders from the Departnent at Washing- ion, in accorchmcc witii the provl.oiir,<(ary of Ori'jjon in tlii' South, far into liritisli t'olinnliia in the North. n;or»- than 4(K» mill's in l.nt^th, eovcrcil 'a ith the lim';rip,| in many placi's, with rivirs and streams makiiiL' ilown from the he:niU tiru' i"^ mountains, tIiroii;>:Ii the plains , and diained liy the nohlc t'olinnliia. Walla-Walla ti)> aiul Wall.^ Walla Valley li" jiint North of the 4fith paralli, 111' latitude, ami about in J!ii-0"ntr»> of this eoiintry. This eountry is composed of II series of valh vs. which an- ^ to 7\)'. Sin;,'^ular phenomena, iw-raliar to this country, are the periodical warm hreezeB tlirou<,'li till' fall and winU-r. whirh sprin;: up away down in the vallev s ot Califor- nia, break throu^rh the low pa.«»t.-.> of the Sierra Nevada ran^e, or. the head of the Sierra Nevada ranjji . on l!i«- fu^vl of the Sacramento, and, pass'nj;' tlirou;.fli by the Klamath Lakes, swe"p alon^ th«> base of the Hlne Jlountains, and warm iiji the whole atmosphere b"yof.(l tbt- Itttb |;arallcl. Siii'li a breeze is now blowing, and at this writintr. Xov<-i..;i«t>I.'". o'cluck a. m.. thi' thermoi.>eter stands at I'.i". Tlus n.'ihi ciimate. »ith llie abundance of the nutritiouH bunch j;r.iss every, where, renders thi« pr«'-«-iniBeiitlT a frrazlny: country. Cattle and IiorseB are seL (loni fed here during: the wiut»'r, even as far North as the I'.ilh parallel, 1ml ;.'^raze nil winter on this dry srra*». which. tliroii:;li the dry fall, has become cured stand- in/, BO that it is nearly <-<|ual to timothy hay ; hence, even uj) to the very summit of the mountains, on th" b«-ad-water« of the Columbia and .Alissouri, we can drive tip,'atllein the spring,', from the ran <»e, equal lo the best Kastern stall led 'jeef; and many of them have not ta*t««i a morsel of hay or straw. riu' atmosphere is Kalal.>r1ou< and remarkably free from miasinuiie iHipurities. I .Vi V\'AS HINGTON TKHRITOR Y ■^ft f> t lu the suininor tlii' liciit Ik ratlnT iiiti'iisi'diiriiif; tlm duy, but i-viry eveiiiu;; I»riiii;- with it a relVcs' ' • cooliiL'srt, wliicli Is iiertw'tly dpliolbiiH. Wliciit. ry Its aiiil biirloy ';-r liat tcrt'd out during lutrvest, sprouting; diirin<;- tlie i'all. aurl yrowiny >vilh(>iit evcii harrowin;;. We fieni'rally raise thevaiiety kuowu as "Club." and sow it iti the lull i>i spriuij. We produce about Hi bushels ol I'oru to the aen^ ol the lar^i' Vellov\ |)i iil va riety, and it rijx'ns nicely by the lir.st of September. "'I'he ))otato is perfectly at Iiouk- lu're, yrowiuy' lurj^c, line aud meal). I let .. uei<)fhl)or have nine pouudH of tlie early (xoodricli variety, last spring, I'roiu whicl> hi^ raised l.'iTii ])ouudK. Sweet potaloes yield finely, but they are not so s«vei.t av further South. Turnips, beets, eabba;jfes, tomatoes, peas, beans, onioni'. are all raised with ease and in jfn.'at abuiidauee. .\lthou}^h tlie country lias been settled but a few years, then' aii- alreiuly :i number of fine bearing orchards. 1 commenced lii're si.\ years af^o last spring on !j;rouiul that had uvver been fenced or plowetl. After thoroiij4hly jjlowiu"' up nbout Hm; acres ui' ^'ronnd, I planted it in orchard with small yearliiifi- tier,«. I'hi.- year I had '1,IHHI busliels of the finest jieaehes that I ever saw g'rown— fully eiiiia' to the best Delaware and New .lersey peaches— besicles larj;e f|uaulilies of applo, (lears, plums, cherries, apricots. ;irapes, and every variety of small fruits. Krult^ (ri" all kinds are perfect in every respect in this climate," particularly plums, tin I'lirculio bavin;,' never been seen. I have Km bearing plum trees; one Imperial (iai^o, two yea.-s a";o, proiluced too pouiuls of delicious, ricli fruit, wliieh broiiylii H cents |>er pound in ^old ; last year it had about the saini amount of fruit, whicli sold for r."-3 cents per pound, ^'old ; many other trees did nearly as well. 'I'liere are a laree number of orchards just coiuiny into beariuL: in this country, wliicli ivill, of course, brin^ down the price of fruit. 'llie dinuite is so dry that we never see anything like mildew or rot on the j^rape. I IiaM) miles Wesi of Sail I.alcu, or rronionforv l''>;.it, tli< ;>ce by daily statfe, .''lOe miles, tliroii^U Idnho and WeHtsrn ttre^'-on. te this place ; or by rail o" I'aiiama te San Franciscij, tlicuci^ bv steaiuHliip to I'ortl.ind, <>re^''on, tle-nce by steamboat l>> i^^oiuwbiH itivicr to Wallula, aud thence by ■ tai^c.'iu miles, totliis plac,^. • lillUATA :— ,Paye \o, 4t)) iiar;tgrapii. "* ^^^SSy '"^ days." foi flioo-y OP, t;> dav.s." read \» vfiiiiij; briny I :ill our soiln lis of till' \ ill |)(>I>iitatiuii III Hill, riHi.mjt) (il illUl Wcif,')! li-.- )(l Iiu.^Ik.'Ir pi t 111 >;niiii > liiil 'vitlioiit r\i n n Uu' Hill o! 1!(>\> |)i>nl VM ii'iil}. I lev ,. >■, IVom « liicl' )t so siVi'it a^ lliioiii'. iiri' ill iirr iilrciulv I l:isl spi'iii;^ OH y plowliiff lip 11^: tn'c,<. 'I'lli.^ II— liilly i'(|iiir lies oC iipplo. (Viiits. Kniil^ •ly iiliiiiis, till oiir Iiiipi'i'ial Vllil'll l)lc)lli;lll il' fiiiit, wliii'li well. Tllil. oiiiitiy. wliiirli or rut on tin 'Il liiy iMitiri'h iiiitiiiiiM lor all Ir rails in tin lit. Tlui-f ha- il soon v\'uars iibia Itasiii, !>> il' roail to Ki'l laily stiiH:c, .".(ic o- Panama t" ■ Hti'ainljdJit l>v 111'-. . ■ davf read giclufrtiisinfl 5«partmf«t. WASHINGTON TERRITOHY, West of" the Cascad.es- i^ALE— 4 MIliEiS TO 1 INCH. BlAP— 4>^ BY 5 FKKT IN SI7,E. Land Surveys, Indiiu and Goverument IJeservr Soundings, i'rairios and Tide Lands shown- Endorsed by the officers of tlie United States liau Offices and '' ist Survcj as the best Map extant. Kvery quarter of 8ur „'ycd land can be located on this Map as ''" as on the r.and Office plats. Pocket Evlltlou, Book Form $'4 5t) RIouittod on Rollers, Colored aud Variilslied, complete, 8 00 For sale by Sent by mail on receipt of money. HAZAKD STEVENS, Olympia, W. T. McReavy & Purdy, DEALERS IN GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, DRY aOODS, CLOTHIiSra, Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes, HARDWARE. CROCKERY, AC. ITnion Olty, Mason County, W. T. Alhambra Saloon, MEYOK^riHE^lTR & CO., RETAILERS OF FINE WINES AND LIQUORS. Corner of Commercl&I and Mill Streets, Heattlo, "W. T. TI Adveutisino Department. H t !30i^, ACKERSOM & CO., LUMBER DE^^LERS, llaviuf: our I'.iiiUtii's now comiik'tiHl, w(,' can furnish from on', own .mim.s li-)tli I'hic and Kciiwdod. rouj^ii iiiid dressed. Can cut !ITH]7srS,AKY. NAThTd. HILIj, (I,ATK p. M. O'BlllEX,) ¥> IRL ¥J O- «- X « T , POKT TOWNSKyD. WASIIIXGTOX TERRITORY. 0» F. CERRISI-S &> CO., cx)Ai:vLissic>.v ]\n^:r^co:A.:iVTS .VXD AVHOr.E.^.M.K AND UETAII. DEALERS IN po]rr TowxsK Ni), vv vShixgton territory IMPORTEH AND I)):aLER IN SSlieet Ii"on», I^eacl F*ipe, Tin-^Wai-e, And Houso- Furnishing '-Sardware. Manufacturer of Tk; Sheec Iron and Copper-Ware. WATER SrREET, PORT TOWX! I'.Xl), W. T. ^ \Vn()I,ES.\I,l-, ANI RETAIL KALER IN GENERAL MERCHANDISE. W'iLL Fl'RN'iS!! LUMBER, Sl'.VIiS A.N'D IMI.KS BV THF, rAR(;(; FOB FOltEHJX OR nO.-IK.^TIC TRADE. Will ulso do i\ Forwarding and Commission Businoss in all linos ol Merchandise. 5., ! 0\VN .MILLS Praiu'isfo, ;o county. DRY. DISE. ORY e. er-Ware. T. DISE. 1 all linoa ot Ain'KIl'i'ISlMG I)Kl'AkT.MKNT. HI BILLIAED SALOO^ MAIN STRE1<:T, OLYMPIA, \V. T. Tile liur is ut iilltiniHs s*ui)ijli<'il with tlii' rlioico.xt stock oi Wiiies, I_jiq[rLoi\s and Cigai\s. TWO FIRST-CLASS BILLIARD TABLES Will .ilfor,-! ^ciitlciiieu the uu'aiis of ])k'ii.suiit iTiTiMtioii, while llu' ■.•■■utrul luxation of tiicllouso will lUMki' it a couvcuiout phicc of resort tu all travelers who may tcnijiorarily visit Olyiupia. THE PUBLIC A1!E UKSPECTFUl.LY iXVlTED TO CAi.i.. DlCALKli. IN T 1 Is", H A. Tl U W A n K , AND MANi>''AC;TUKKU OF TIN, ooppa mt SHEET mm ytimi- yV Ijtii'sse HiiiJply of Hto^'o*^ alAVuy.s on Hitiirt. .J(»li!!lX(J DdNE WITH XEATXP:.SS AND DlSl'AT, li. ©rders Soiicited. OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON TERRITORY WIIOI-KSAl.K AND UKTAU, DJULKU IN STOCKS, TTisr- ^w A. r:k, AND .MANUFACTCUKK DK Till, Oo]>pc'i- iiiirl .Sheet ? loii A^'are. WATER STREET, PORT TOWNSENl). W T. ATTOHNKY AT LAW AN!^ NOTARY prnLK'. STFILA(;OOM, WASHINGTON TERRITORY. IV Adverhsing Departmkvt. TOWN LOTS F0:EI S.A.LE -A.X THE At Reasonable Rates. WEST OLYMPIA. This well-known site is located at the head of ship navi{,'atiou, on the Wrs side of Budd's Inlet, about two miles below Olympia, the nearest point on Puj,'i t Sound to the Columbia Kiver, and commonly known as •' Brown's Wharf." Title — United Btates Patent* Olympia, W. T., Sept. 18. 1870. CIDDINCS A LOWELL, AGENTS. : iS ^ I WA CHONG, 3S^-A.lSrXJFA.OTXJR,Eri. OF ALL BRANDS OF CIGARS, AND WHOLESALE AN!> RETAIL DEALER L\ TEAS, FANCY GOODS AND CHINA PROVISIONS. Mill Street, Seattle, W. T. Vancouver Nursery, S- "W". Bro-wn, IProprietoi*. The Proprietor offers all kinds of Fruit Trees, includin«' the justly celebrated " Black Republican Cherry," on as favorable terms as can be had elsewhere. ORDERS PROM ABROAD ARE SOLICITED. I Seattle Bakery. Hieonai'd. H/eiiiig", Proprietoi*. ALSO, GROCERY, PROVISION AND PRODUCE STORE, MILL STREET, SEATTLE, W. T. Advertising Depaetment. :>fXJN I, on tho Wt!^ mint on Pu^;« ' Wharf." ELL, AGKNTS. lARS, SIONS. ST, -^KT. T. »tly celebrati'il elsowhere. E STORE, W. H. GILLIAM, COMMISSION DEALER, \VII,L (ilVE PROMPT ATTPLVTIOX TO liUyiX*; VXD .-KLI.IXC A I.I. KIXI).^ OF PRODICE. Yesler's Wharf, Seattle, W. T. Occidental Hotel, SEATTLE, Kli^C COIXTV, W. T. J. C OLI^II^H ropiietors. OPf:N AT Al.L HOURS, KAY AXP XIGHT. ANDERSON & MOORE, LIQUOR AND BILLIARD SALOON, No> 'i, t'ommerrial ^reet. SEATTLE, 'WASHXNGTON TERBITOBY. JOHN LATHAM, DEALER LX Orvig-s, ]Mecliciiie*si and Chemicalss, F-A.IsTC'S' -A^lSriD TOILET AJRTICILES, Sponges, Brushes, Perfumery, &c. STEILACOOM. W. T- I'hysicmuH" Prescriptions carefully rompoondMl and orders answered with ciire and despatch. FurmcrH and Phyr^icuins from the coBBtry will find our Stock of Medicines complete, warranted t,'cnuine. and of the be*t qaality. MRS. LOUISA GOODTIME, DEALER IN GENERAL MERCHANDISE, Ladies' Fancy Goods. PARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TO FILLIX*; ORDERS FROM THK COUNTRY. Produce bronf^ht at Cmrremt Rate*. STBILACOOM, W \SHI.\GT03K TERRITORY. VI ADTKKrrritixo Dia'AUTMK.vr. \ ■j' i I Cosmopolitan Hotel, rOKMKKf.Y SIUKS' nOTICL), PORT TOirXJiEM), WASHINGTON TKllUITOllY. NKAHKST liMJIL TO TIIR STKAMl'.OAT LANDIXlv TriivtliT). win 1iu^'%,'. fiott ricromniodatioii lo bi' IkkI on I'lurt't Snuuil. Suits of rooiu*^ fi/r 3' uaaiwa. J. J. HUMT, Proprietor. (liAitLKS ElSKXIiKlS, Jt.vyCFACTCHEU OF SHiF BP=EAD i iD ALL_KiJiBS OF AJ.19O, WiaolfcS^ale and lletuil T>eaioi" in Provisions and Croceries, Flour, Feecly &c, PORT 'K)W3. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. CJlERS. H. O. SHOES Y & CO., D?;Ar,Eus i\ DRY GOODS C.OTHiNG, BOuTS &N0 SHOES, 3for«nc!-'Lro, \v. t. :m. Seattle Drug Store, SEATTLE, W. T. "r3or,E:.-.vLK .\xd rrt.mi,. E. S. WILLSY & CO., RY. ANDINl^ i\mil. ietor. 11 iRY. SHOES, L'lctoi R ^^ Advertisino Depautment. vn standard Bakery. HAV1X(; LKASKD Til 10 STAXDAUl) llAKERV, I AM PUHI'AUED TO FUBXISU OX THE MO^'.T REASONABLE TERMS TO THE TRADE. PILOT ^VIS^D ^-nTA VY BKEAX:), Soda Biscuit, Btitter and Sugar Crackers, Will keep oil liaiul all llic^ varioi^t :,'ra(K'M and brand.-" ol" Klour, at mill iiriccH- tof^ctlicr with a choice suliM'tion of (Jroccrips for Family use. ■jRDERS RESPECTFULLY SOLICrri!!) \: KP]EP CONSTATLV FOR SAUv At the Lowest Market Prices, FINE CALF, KIP AND STOGA BOOTS AND SHOES. Public Patronage Solicited. R. J. MOORE, Proprietor. N. B. BepairinK done with N'eatness and Dispatch. < »i.-tober, t«70. STEFFEN & BROTHERS, SEATTLE, W. T. SMALL SCHOONERS CAN RECEIVE BRICK AT THE YARD. Best (Quality of Brick, at the LiOtvciit Itlnrket Price, aHvayn on hand. T. COULTER, Seattle, Wasliington Territory, o o o I* :e I^ . CHURNS. BiriTER FIRKINS, FISH BARRELS, AND ALL ARTICLES I.V MY LINE FURNISHED ON SHORT NOTICE. M. F. MONET, No. 4, Commercial St., Seattle, W. T. MiealH at all Hours. TORV. FOR SAI.K. I SHOES. ietor. : YAUl). tyM on haixl. bory. iRTICLBB IN ST. T. AUVEUTISINO 1)HPAKTMI'.NT nnim..ri,j^iri IJ IX TACOMA, PIERCE COUNTY. W. l. Every kind of Picture pertaining to the Photo- graphic Art. Carte df Visile iu vitpiettc or full Icufftli, plaiu or .'iiaiiU'lliU. Also, the wonderful Porcelain pitturi', tin' rtiuht :iiiil mont ('l('},raiit oC ;ill pli" tuKraiiliB. The ueut and convenli-nt articl* known af '* (Jouis" niado to onli'r. Or, if you wish a pliturc life size, or iiiiy size liiss. of any kind or ddsirliition. they can be had at the above Gallery. The Latewt riiiproveirieiit ! PHOTO-CRAYOXS OK ANY SIZE. Kemarknble for elegance of tluish and truthfulni-ss of reprl•^entatloll. VlewHof i)oiiit» on the Sound and in tin country on hand, or to ord(?r. NEW YORK B^iKERY. Jno. A- Wo<>cl\vai*cl, Ir*i*opi*iet<>i*, ASU DEAI.EK IN AM. KINDS OF F A M r r . ^' s ir p i^ r. i k s . A.r,so, C( ) M M IHS 1C> X O K A i . b: 1 1 IN GRAIN, FLOUR, FEED & MERCHANDISE OF" AT^I^ IvliNI>W. SEATTLE. WASHINGTON lERTlTORY. n X AuVKim«I.\'riII?>fCi, L'-lUtlVlWIIIXii «i<>01>K, HATS, BOOTS, SHOES, AND RUBBER BOODS. I «. i 1 *» i \ I Cjililbrjii.'i «'AUcl <')reo;()ii (WSSIMKIIKS. FLA\M:LS and llLANIvKTS. MAIN STRERT, OLYMPIA, W. r. S. W. PERCIVAL, WnOI.ESAl-K AND UCTAII. DKAI.KU IN SALEM WOOLEN GOODS, Tyn'y Groocls, Clotliiiig-, Hoots, Shoes, Groceries, Provisions, Crockery, Hardware, CARPENTERS', FARMING AM> CiRlJBHIlVG TOOIiS, DOOKS, WINDOWS AND ULINDS. (il.ASS, I'AINTS i*;- OILS. Rope, Illocks, Aiicliors niiH, eooDS. ANKKTS. )ODS, ots-, lardware, ['OOliS, sTS cV- OILS, fc Cement, the Wharf. Al>VKUriS, kLcp oonsliiiith on liiiiul. .ind Holicit oi-dcru from Mill CompiiniCB. Sfoarnlx' ♦'> •' ti«)s, Slii|j (',ii)tii(iis, and the iiiibllc ^a'li ritUy, for Corned and Salt Beef, Pork, Hams and Bacon. M Wli.l, I'AV I'AltTICl'I.AI! ATTKNTOX TO THE I'URCHASE ANM» SALK OF OATTI.K. U'liDloHdli- Itoilcrs will tind our liu-iliticH (or tradhiy: second to none in WaBJi in«;ton Territory. THE TEMPERANCE ECHO. A. Joiii'iial foi* tlie l^^ireside, DEVOTKU TO THE CAUSK OV imPiUmi, EDUCATION AND MORAL REFORM. I'lBLISUEl) HVI'.llY THURSDAY, AT OLYMl'IA, W. T. TBmVES OF STJBSCIiI3?TI03Sr : Pel- Annum, iit advance $'-i Oil I.. V. VKNKN, lOditor. .1- H- MIJN.SON, I'roiuietor. H. E. GRIFFIN, CARPENTER AND JOINER, . Corner of ninln and First Streets, OLYMPIA. WASHINGTON TEKRITOKY. WILL PAV )'AI!TI(I'L'ai: ATTENTIOX Tt) REl'AIRINi; KllLMTl'KE. I'lANOS. ETC. xir ADVP:RTI8TN(i DkpARTMKNT. I 1 The Pp?ific Insurance Company, 4*4^ California St., 8aiii Fraiiciscw, Cal. Fii*e anifl iVJCai-ine IinsJii.x*ance. .JTTT^Y 1, 1H70. ASSETS IN (iiOI.D )Bil,740,06«.ll LOHSKS I'ROMVTLY I'AU) IN «0M) ON ADJUSTMENT. A. J. RAIiSTOX, Sec'y. .T. HIIIBT, Pre«t. INSIRANCK EIT'KCTi:!) I'N THK MOST FAVORABLE TERMS BY J. G. PARkER, Jr., Olympia, The North Pacific Gardens. THE ABOVi; NAMED TLACE UAS HKEN ClIANCKI) TO .V K A AI 1 lu Y 1 1 K H i) ]rl T , AVIn'i-e iimj' !»«■ founii liCiiioiiufle, t'ljjfars, and tU«' celebrated "Vorth Pacltic ljnj;«T, in bottlrx. FRANK (il TTKMJiKRG, I'roprictor. ALSO, Alhambra Saloon, < '<»rn«M' OoTumt'foIiil aiinil Mtret't**, SKA'ITI.i:. WASHINGTON TKRIUTORY I I FXJO-ET SOTTKrr) MERGHANTILE AND REAL ESTATE AGENCY. Also, Ija,w H.TuX ( 'oUec'-tioii Office. JOHN P. JUDSON, ATTtUJNK^ AM> ('(»1;NSKI,I.(»H AT LAW. oKKKm:— roKT r. W. T. C. L. MITCHELL, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN FIRST-PLASS SADDLF.S. BIIIDLKS. IIAHNKSS. COI.LAIIS. iK. SE-A.TTLB, W". *T. ^ATlSFArTlON (UTARANTKED IN t'UTCK ANl^ QUALITY. pany, ce. 10,065.11 NT. IIJST, Prcst. MS BY •let. ens. TO R 1 , • celebrated i, I'niprii'tov. ietw, i. 16ENCY. i'V ( ) ffi 9SON, I.OIJ AT LAW. 8S .Alts, i{^i\ IIAMTY AOVERTlSINfi DkI'AUI MKNT. >l. >. BOOTH, loSKI'll KORST, Sf^ttle- xni I,. \V. FOSS, Port TowusriKl. BOOTH, FOSS & BORST, WHOLSKAIf? AND BF.TAII. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF VEGETABLES, BEEF. PORK, MUTTON & SMOKED KAMS. A S'PERIOR QUALITY OF Hams, Bacon, Barreled Beef and Pork. I'll!' (iMtr'jiitt^ti of Mill • .^lupanif, Sliipjjinj;, Hotels, FaiiiilcH iind Wholemile I»'-»l»?rs rospi'ctfiilly solicited. Orrttsriai from "%niol«ale Ooaler^ slioultl l>e sent t« JiJt^attle Atai'Uot. SEATTLE MARKET. rommcrrial «t.. W. T. PEOPLE'S MARKET, Port TowuHert, W. T. I. WADDELL, DEALER IN STOVES, PUMPS, TIN PLATE, SHEET , COPPER AIV1> Xi:!^C'. I. lanufactui'er of Tm, and Sheet Ii'on Copper-Wai'e. I'AltlKri.An ATTEXTToX PAIH To Al.l, KI.\I»S OF .lOH WORK. SEATTLE, TVASHINGTON TEBBITOBY. Dexter Stable. J>,v*^i* ^ Cro«ari*ove, Ir*r*opi*iet<>i*s«» HORSES AXn CABRIAGRS LET BY THE I>AV OJI HOUR. WILLIAM HAMMOND, rVa^'Hl minrT« (STOTIJ:, MAIN STUI-.l'/r. OLYMl'L\. WASHINGTON IKIllU TOKV. ADVERTISIXG I)EPAUTMi;N'f. XV 7". T. Ptirnv^. 3R0RE V KVKHV & CO. ;h Sts., ors, EES. STEILACOOM MARKET. l!i'T('IIKI!S, rACKl'IIS OF ISKKK AND I'dllK, AND WlIOl.ES.VI.K AXD RKTAII, DKALKUS IX MEATS AND YI]GETA]ILES. Stock Hoii^lit and Sold. \Vi41 koi',) (111 liaud ii i^iilU'l-ior qiiiility of Ooru l!i'(?f iiiu! Moss I'ork ; tho lust )l fresh Mi'i'f, \'ciil, MiittDii, I'ork. :i)iil \'c.'^('tiil)k's of all kimls, and olfcr tli^iii rit roas'j!!iilili! rates. SIioop, r.t;ef Cattlo, Work Oxen, Krcsli Milch Tows ami Ho;^s. oi- foot, for sale. •Oritet-s .soliciteA.:E^XJ^ WASllL\(iT()X STAM)Ain). Tiie Oldest Newspaper in the Tenitory. The only Democratic Journal west of the Cas- cade Mountains. r.KIMAII ItliOWN. KiMTOH. .JOHN M. Ml'i;ril V. I'l iu.i>m;K. TEI^ls/fl:© OF SXJBSaK,IFI03SrS: Per Annum, invuvialily in ailvaiice Jg^t <") For six montli.« 'i t allo^vfd on Time UepoAlti' iVoiii tlntc of Dt-poxit. ON PORTLAND, SAN FRANGiSCO AND NEW YORK. i' ♦ J. itioiivy loMiieil oil appt'ored security ; UoikIn, Stocks hikI otli<-r viiluubleii received ou deposit for saf<' keepin)^. Collections made and Proceeds promptly re' mitted. f» INVI<>iTMKNTS IN UK,\\. KSTATK AND OTHKR PROl'KHTY MAMK FOR I'AKTfKS. (£0. ■■^i|j,,WM.ipf I- IIMi«.V^i^V|tn«l,i"*''T-^''7l' '-TT-:;?^ AdVEHTISIXG ] )EPAia'MKNT. XVII jvy. WHOLESALE cV: RETAIL lU TCliKHf;, WJ'I^IT^A.CX>0:>T. >VawIilitmon '^^leiril <>!•>. PIONEER NEWS AND BOOK DEPOT. C/'- j!« :2/ subject Deposit. W YORK. i Hud other Ins- mptly re- 'KHTY M.\I>1'; ^'^ I00IS, MISCELLANEOUS, READING, Hi. V\ Coombs, r'*roi)rietoi*. Vc-xt Ooor to tlie Tiitt'lllyc«"iif'»'i' OHleo, fSfaltl*'. DRY GOODS, FANCY GOODS, CLOTHING, Furnishing Goods and Groceries. THE HICllEST I'lMCE PAID FOl! ALL jady for u»e, and is THE OKCE-A-I^ESX A-IsTr) BESX AJITICLE of its kind ever offered in this marki t. THREE SIZES ARE MANUFACTURED. Families, Hotels, stores, and any one who has weighiug to ilo. will tind it invaluable in their business. Will -wc-ltsli li'oiii Iinll'im oiinoo l<» lit'ty potiiiclts. WILL SOON BE FOR SALE AT ALL THE PRIXCH'AL TOWNS IN THE TEniUTonv. A. A. MANNING, SOLE AGENT, OLYMPIA, WASHIXGTOX TERRITORY. A^^ABI iiiNroTC)>r WATER PIPE MANUFACTURING & WATER COMPANY, 01<" OLY3ir»IA, W. T., Are prepared to mauufacture "Water Pipe for sale on short notice- and on i ensonnble terms, of the following dlmenitions : TWO, THREE, EOIR AND SIX INCH BORE. This ripe is made with Wvekoll's patent auj,'ers for borin- Water I'ipe, ami is warranted to stand a pressure of one hundred .-iud lifty fwt. It is more dura ble than any other rijie made, and can be furnished at reasonable rates l)y aji Dlvinu to the Conipanv. ' ^ " ' • S. D. HOWE. Secretary. EARLY ROSE POTATOES ^2 PER BUSHia,. BRESEE'S PROLIFIC 1 PKR PECK. CLIMAX 1 '• H. HART1.EY. Olyinpla, Washl^igton Territor>. lUfiw«i'l!i.(. II PKfu ■ vmr IlK , M -I ** Jfl'- ■efttlly pnl Bchiiie. by upsettiut;. rk is broken, "t lost ; stands • use, and is CICLE RED. J. will tiii'l It MUlllcliri. TOWN!^ IN OMPANY, ihort uotlcf- RE. rater IMpe, and t is more diuii ie rates by i\]> iieeretary. R BUSUKl. ,R PECK. \IIT1.EY, >u TerrUor>. Advertising Depaetment. XIX DAILY PM^ PUBLISHED EVERY EXTXING, At ( ^lyiiipia, \\"a«liing:toii Territory. XERIVCS CDF SXJBSCIiII>TIOKr: IVr '^'ear jgS Six Months 4 One Moiitli 1 Advertising on Rea^onaMr Ten^«. WEEKLY PACIFIC TRIBUNE. PUBLISHED EVEKY .-ATl-BDAY, \t !j:! jier .Annum, In udvanee ; si.x niontlis. ¥J. AdTtrtlsiiig on moderate ternis. CHAS. PROSCH & SON, I'rnLI-HKI> AM> PKOIMtlKTCtUS. J. A. SUFFERN, PUOPltlETOU AND OWNER OF THE KUNS DAILV FROM PORT MADISON, VIA PORT ELAKEIY JO SEATTE, AND U.S. MAIL C (>XTHACTC>R FKOM SEATTLE TO WHATCOM, ONCE A WEEK. STEWART & ANDREWS, HAVE THE LARGEST AND BEST ASSORTMENT OF (DOKING, BOX & PARLOR STOVES. Till and >It'tal Roofing. -Vll .loU Work pertainirifj to the business doae with in»a£n<»*» and dl!'VJ_4((.irT-B.ER.'4 AND DKAI.KKS IM AIJ, KINDS OK FURNITURE & UPHOLSTERY. Oomplete bi'^ of Parlor and Bed-room Fm'niture Marupl«' unci Alclor >rnteii*lal. TTJI?,3SrXISrC3- OF .A.3L.IL. KlIOSriDS KXB( rr-ED WITH SEATiVESS AND DISPATCH. MAIN STREET. OLYMPIA; LOWER FALLS, TUMWATER, The Trade supplied upon Liberal Terms. KELLETT & SCOTT, 1>KAI.KHS IX ' GENERAL MERCHANDISE, \yi) MANCFACXrUKUS OK M.UX J^TRFpyr. OLYMPIA, W. T. CHAS. M. BRADSHAW, POKI 10W>->EXT). WASHINGTON TERRITORY. PA^CIFIC HOTKT., Olyiiipm., AVn. sh.il it^t on Territory. WTT.I> HARMO>, PROPRIETOR. 'i'liin well ktiuwi. i • ■^rabliHliiMl Iiotil is carrioil on with strict regard U> r!ui I'otiifort of its quests. 1M>AI«I> ItV T^IIK 1>.W Oil WliX'Ilv. -^ p. TWISS. 11 ERY. niture lal. H. IflWATER, 3rms. DISE, ^K^SS. ORY. •ritorv. itrict i\'f,^iiril ti' Advertising Depaktmkxt. XXI Or, Sell-Oeiien*atiii^ Cxas I^anip, >S TlIK CIIKAI'KST I.KillT KNOWN. NO SMOKINC;, NO CHI.MNKV, 111) ilropphit^rt, and will biini ten liours lor one I'ciit. FOR SALE, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. ALBERT A. MANNING, OLYMPIA, W. T., Holt' A«eiit r<»v tlio Ptiollle CohmI. AOKNTS WANTKI) inKllYWlIKUE. ^ *v^!„„^!!,>^<. ESTABLISIIMKNT, Olyiiiiiia, AViiNliiiitftwii 'IVrrilory, (? R. H. HEWITT, PROPEIETCR. KvicKV i>i;scKirri()N ov PLAIN AND COLORED PRINTING, TAliDS. (•lli;('KS. UILI.-IIKADS. < IKcl l.AKS. SI'OCK CKKTIKI- CATKS. I'A.MI'Ill.ETS. l'l{0(;i{A.MMF>, .Mol{T(iA(;KS, J)KKI)S. I,K(;AI. BLANKS. TOWNSIIII' I'LATS. Neatly. Promptly and at Reasonable Rates. N. B.-This Office is not connected with any newspaper. Albert Eggers & Co., DKAI.KHS IN FRUITS, FRURT TREES, ORNAMENTAL SHRUBBERY, F. TARBELL, Uli]Al^ li:Sl\ATi: AC^KMT .VikI Oolleotor of* daiiTi«. MAIN s'rRi':i<:T, olympia, Washington territory. . St XXII AUVEKTISINO DePARTMKNT. I IT OJ.YMPTA^ BOOT & SHOE MANrFACTOKY, L. A. TREEN & CO., PROPRIETORS. KIP AND STOGA BOOTS AND SH0E8 tONSTANTI.V ON HAM) AND FOK SALE, Wliolesale and l^etjiil. Ull.l. MAKIO TO Ol{|)KI{ AX1> KKKI' COXSTANTLY FOlt SALE, A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF GENTLEMEN'S FINE CALF AND KIP BOOTS AND SHOES, LiADIIi:!<»> ANL» CHILDREN'S WEAH OK AI^I^ KINDS. liKHAlltIN(; DOXK WITH XEATXESS AXI> IHSI'ATCII. AdTA-irsT ST., OL-Ylv/m-A., "W. T. S. N. COOPER, r.ITs^COLN MILLS, UEALEK IN FLOUR, FEED, CORN MEAL AND GRAIN OF ALL KINDS. iin the very beot the market afTords. MAIN STREET, OLYMPIA, W. T. , STONE & BURNETT, Iniporteit*, Wlioloi-ittle niid I{(;tall I>t'alors lit GENERAL MERCHANDISE. ('oininercial Street. SEATTLE, WASHINGTON TERRITORY. C. CROSBY, \THOLKS.\LK .\ND KETAII. DKALER IN GENERAL MERCHANDISE, TUMWATER. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. Washington Brewery, STEILACOOM, W. T. IJeiulK^ld & Stiitli, Proprietors, MALSTEES AND BREWERS OF LAGER BEER. oKHEItS I'ROMI'TLY EXKCUTKD. Puget Sound Brewery, J. A\'. T^ock(% l-*roprietor. WHOI.KSAI.K AXI) UETAII,. ORDERS SOLICITED FROM ALL PARTS OF THE SOIXI*. II ^ li |l t * i ADVERTISEING DEPARTMENT AmliTdon iV, iMooro. Snlodu Kcciii'is, Scjittlc '■ •/'ape ,'> Kurtli'tt, C. ('., Mt-rt'liitut, I'oi't 'ruwuiiuntl ; liiirni'H, lyiii|ilii :;. Hi-owii, S. W., NurNfryniiiu, Nuiicoiivcr I !tJuiMHU«>r 1^1 l''ruiiimi, MrrrliioitN. Olviiipla In ltd) I til A- Co., Iliitrlici-K, Seattle a nil i'ort 'I'DWiiHeiul \:; liriiilMlmw, ChiiN, M., Attiiriiey , I'ort 'I'owiiHemI .Mi (>)lliliK. .1., .V Co., Hotel Keepefx, .Sent tie Cleiil, .1. II. Itatli lloiiHe Keepoi-, I llyiiipia Cniwlonl, llaniliart & TwIhs, Kiiniitiire Miiiiut'erH, Olyinpla iiiul Tuiinvater. '.'ii (^>oliil)H, S. K., NeWH DealtM', Seattle IT Carr, A. 1'., l*lioto;4:raplier, 'raeonia ;> Cooper, S. N., I.liieoln MIIIk, Turn water •.'? OiLvliy, ('., Mereliaiit, T mil water ;.':[ Coulter, T., Cooper. Seiitlle K Dooley & KopirH, ISutelierH, Olyiiipla l\ Dver & ( oHffrove, Livery Stable, Seattle l:; KlHeiibeiH, (^lian., Uaker, I'ort Towiirtend. IV Ka^fan, Clias., Baker, < Hyiiipia ; K};;,'erH, A., & Co., NiirKeryineii, ()lyiiil>ia ijl (ierrlMli, (). K., A Co., i'ort TowiiHeiiil (liddiuf^H A- Lowell, Keal KHtale A).;( nts, Olyiiiiiia i (iilllaiii, \V II., Coiiiiiilsr-ioii lleiiler, Seattle .', (iooiltiiiie, LoiiiHa, .Mereliaiit, Steilaeooiii .'i Gritliik, II. E., Caipeiiler.OIyinpia II (iiitteiiber;,'-, racilie (ianleiiH, Seattle !•,' <;allilier. S., Hotel Iveepi^r, <)lyiii|iia -ss llaiiNoii, AekerHoii it Co., Liiiiilieniien, Taeoiiui •,' II ill, X. I)., Drill; L'ist, I'ort Town wend ■,' 1 1 lint, •). •!., Hotel Keeper, I'ort TowiiHend l'> Hall \- Hill, Carpenter, .Seattle ,. i.V llainiiioiid, Will., Marine Areliitect, Seattle 1.^ llariiion. Hill, Hotel Keeper, ()lyin|iia -Jii llirseli, I,., Mereliaiit, Olyiiipla.. ,,.. i; Ilartley, II., Seed I'otatoes, <)lyiiii)ia l> Hewitt, II. H., I'rintcr, Olyiiipia -jl •iiulsoii, .loliu I'., Attorney, I'ort TowiiHOiiil \z Kellctt & Scott, MereliantB, Olyinpia -jn Lowe, T. G., A'. Co., Hook Store, (Mynipia n Latham, .loliii, Drnfjff^ist, Steilacooni > Looke, J. \V., lire we r, Steilacooni -jlt Keacli, r., Merchant, Steilacooni ■,' Slclteavy \- I'urdy, Merchaiils, L'nion City 1 MaddoeKB, M. I!.i l)rUL'j4iHt, Seattle ir Moore, K. .1., ISoot and Shoe Sliop, Seattle > Monet, M. V., Hotel, .Seattle s Mitchell, C. L., Saihller, Seattle 1.- Maiininf,'-, A. A., At,'-eiit (or Scales, and Self-tjoiicriitlngGus Laiup,()lynii)ia..l.s, vM K orris, .lohu T., 'i'iimian, I'ort Townseud :i Newton iV Kaines, Saloon Keepers, Seattle 7 Torclval, S. \V., .Merchant, «)lyini>ia in Parker, .L G., Insurance Ayeiit, Olympia IJ Phillips, Hortoii & Co., ISankers, Siiattle K. Kcinits Leonard, Haker, Seattle 1 Heinhold & Stnth, IJrewers, Steilacooni •,':; Suil'ern, .1. A. Steamer I'roiirictor, Seattle Ill Stewart & Andrews, Tinners, Seattle Hi Btoni^ & Uurnett, Merchants, Seattle ■,':! Stevens, Hazard. Slaps, Olympia I Hliee'iau, .1. V\, Tinner, Port 't'ownseiid •.' Slio'cy, H. C, iV (;o., iler; haiits, Moiitleello C. .Stellen ia 1 ; Wiijjlit, 1!. I''., it Co., ftiitchers, Steilacooni i;> Wood, .1. C. it ,1. .'|{., Hrewers, Olyinjiia H Woodward, ./. A.. Baker, Seattle '.' >Villey iV Co., Mei;chaiits, ArcM • • * ''" I Ill i:; 'jii iiiiwatcr. ••II ir II •• ' :.' I F^ n i:; I'r :.''l I .* ■) U v: zi .......... i> \t, n ...~ S -,'1 1-' id H -j:! 1 ii s 1,' ymi)ia..l,s, -.M :( li'i 1-,' Hi ( I'.i lit ■ •••••>. **'.\ I (■> s H -n ir !."> H It (1 i:i ix'|'|':i;li(;I':.\('I<] officii] AND LABOR EXCHANGE. I'iU'tics desii'iu;^ iiit'Dniiation rcspi'ctiiii; I'lij^ct Soimd iunl vicinity will rcci'ivc spi'tiial uiiswt'rs to iluiir iiuiuiries by fiiclo'.inp,' one ilolhir, lliiviiij,' acted as United States Deputy Surveyor for several years, and sul)divideil large tracts of 1 uid lying oast and adjaeonl to I'nget Sound, the undersigned pcjsstsses cuniplele knowledge respecting llie siiil along ilk' li;ie fi\' the i lilroad. nd « 11! g;ve 'i irtii ul ir ;iltentii'n li land matters. All (pu stioiis |)'il;iining to nn i,itr!|!i'"nee lul^illl•ss will I'eerix" Ml' I'm 1 all. iiiioii and pi(iin[)l answers retniiied. Ai'tii' a i'lsidei'.ce i'l til'' vicinity nf ih" Siniid i'lr > vi'iitn-n \ rar^;, and i'recpier.i prrsiur.d iuspcctinii h. ciuii I'.iinili,:!' \\ii!i i!p' topogia- |)hy of tlie country IVmn tin- ('ol!unl>ia Kivir to llie nnriln'rn h iuiid;iry, till' undersigned I'l'els C')ni|)etent to gi\e iiil'onnation liased upon ol)st'i'- viition. Corrrspoiidrnts will jdiMse nuiulxr ili'.ir ([ueslioiis. 'I'liiir smim- iiiimieatior.s will he riturned in idl ea^es. Sample copies of local pupris sent free upim ;ippli':ilion. Address. h:. .^ir.B':iiEI{, mo ! 7r SOI X d A N I ) TI^E l1(1 1 ) y Sul>>'cri])l ioji. A limited ntimher rS advertisements will he admitted. For turns, address. IL M1'',KK1^U, Olympia, Washington Territory. Ti^E feo:e>ii.:e's i^a^i^eir,. ri^ rilE OLYMPIA Tl!ANS(l!iPT. IMHI.ISIIKD WKKKI.V M <>l,>iiipia, >Vasliin*!;t<»»» T«?i*i*itoi*.v , E. T. (JINN. KDITOK A.\]> I'ROPKIETOR. s ^ Since the location of the Nortlieni >'acJ6c K.ailri'oud ro'it*- in the vicinity of the Sonncl, and thf vvItlKlrawal of tfee odd siHitions for twenty miles on each side of the line, and the active operations' now fi^oiiiju; on preparatory to the hnildiiij;; of twenty-five miiesof th^'fo-id neaf ' the Sound durin<^ tlie suinnier of 1871. accordinp !•" 'he terms i>f the* charter, an extraordinary inquiry lias spvung uji ng fh* re- sources of this portion of Washington Territorj-. To satisfy this de- mand for information, the Tuansckii'T will ooutinw '.•' ' '' ' Itserlp- tive articles of all parts of the Territory, written ■, . ; ., fur this paper i)y competent and observing correspondents. To parties contemplating removal hithf initio! 1 in no way so relialiie and clienp as liy sui)scrihing for thi- TitiXsCRIKr This pa|)er will alw:iys give the xcry latest new* !»y ulfgr.iph u]) to the Imur of pnlilieation. Wi' will spare no exjic-niie to renderiiy||»'Ct. # XElrllS/^S OF STJESCKIJ^XIOKTr I'tr Aiiiiniii. ill mlv^iin'«' <$:< M)\i:i!risix(! AT iu-:.\sf>SM:].K i:atks. _' bona Jiile 1 r-rnfo.'v. the THE TRANSCRIPT JOB OFFICE ])os