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 32'* 
 
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xf 
 
 CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURl-- 
 
 OTTAWA, . . . CAN^D^. 
 
 BULLETIN No. l(i. 
 
 EXPERIMENTS IN THE FEEDING OF STEERS. 
 
 NOVEMHEH. 1893. 
 
 111 
 
 )!i 
 
 
To the Ilonourahle 
 
 The Minister of Agriculture. 
 
 Sin,— I have the honour to submit for your apjtroval, the sixteentli 
 l)ull 'tiuof tlie Central Experimental Farm, which has been prepared 
 under my direction by Jas. W. Robertson, Agriculturist. 
 
 The information contained in this bulletin, has been derived from 
 experiments which have been conducted at the Central Exjterimen- 
 tal Farm, during the two winters which have passed since cattle 
 were added to its equipment. The economical and profitable feed- 
 ing of store-cattle and tlie fattening of steers for market, form a 
 most important branch of the live stock industry of Canada ; and 
 I trust that the conclusions which have been drawn from these 
 experiments, will be accepted by the farmers and be acted upon by 
 them in their practice M'ith great benefit to themselves. 
 
 I beg to direct special attention to the results which are reported 
 in the bulletin, from the fattening of steers upon corn ensilage 
 and fro/en wheat, and from the feeding of young steers of the 
 Quebec dairy breed of cattle. 
 
 I have the honour to be 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 WM. SAUNDERS, 
 
 Director^ Experimental Farms. 
 
 Ottawa, November 14th, 1892. 
 
CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM. 
 
 p. 
 
 -:o: 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 OTFAWA, - _ . _ 
 
 CANADA, 
 
 «l LLETIN Xo. 16. 
 EXPERIMENTS IN THE FEEDING OP STEERS. 
 
 "i ' 
 
 • ill 
 
 iiv J.VS. W. ROHKHTSON-, Ar^ricHltia-ist. 
 
 i.«nion ™ ,„ai,„;' cor ,r rjt: :","•""•" '"• """'^'■■"•"^- 
 
 "f «l,icl, tl,e l.„lky.f„,l,k.r « ,r ' "'"'.'■"<"»■ <"') "f"" » ration 
 con, c„,ilagc. loiiky-loildcr jportio,, was mainly 
 
 i > '*'' "'^ side ot each maiuypi- T-i.^ ' 
 
 penod of feeling lasted from D^c. : to Def 2o \ l"-!l«"«"iy 
 .be animal, were fed upon the same rluo" ' '"""« " ^" 
 
 
 
The three cxporimi'iital rations wen- ('.(mposed as shown in tlie 
 following Table : — 
 
 Tahle I. 
 
 Ration No. 1. i Lbs. 
 
 Corn KniiilnKO | 20 
 
 Hiiy (cut) I 10 
 
 Hi-ntg 20 
 
 Straw (cut) ri 
 
 Oil-cnke i 
 
 Cotton-peed Meal 1 
 
 Poiiso (ground) 2 
 
 Barley (ground) 2 
 
 Ration No. 2. 
 
 Hay (cut) 
 
 Roots 
 
 Stniw (eut) 
 
 Oil-cake 
 
 Cottoii-socd Metil. 
 
 Pea?c(Kround) 
 
 Barley (tround)... 
 
 Lbs 
 
 20 
 40 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 
 Ration No. 3. 
 
 Lbs, 
 
 Corn Engilagc 60 
 
 71 
 
 Straw (cut) 
 
 Oil-cake 
 
 Cotton-seed Meiil. 
 F'ease (ground)... 
 Barley (ground). . . 
 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 o 
 
 61 
 
 For a period of five weeks from March 17 to April 20, an additional 1 lb. each ofoil-cuko 
 and cotton-seed meal were put into each ration. 
 
 For the i)nr])ose of obtaining some data which would bo under- 
 stood easily and remembered readily by the farmers, and whieli 
 woidd afford means for making a comparison between the eoat of 
 feeding the steers on the three difterent rations, a cash value was 
 estimated for the component fodders in each. 'J'he hay was valued 
 at *8 per ton ; roots (turnips and mangels) at A4 per ton ; straw at 
 *4 per ton ; oil-cake and cotton-seed meal at *;}0 per ton ; i)ease 
 and barley at ^20 per ton ; and corn ensilage at* 1.40 per ton. The 
 corn ensilage was placed at the actual cost, as per statement in 
 Bulletin No. 12, and the other fodders at an estimated valuation, 
 which may be high or low, according to ever fluctuating circum- 
 stances of seasons and markets. 
 
 Table IT shows, (1) the increase in weight of each steer after 20 
 weeks, (2) the average quantity of feed consumed per day per 
 head, and (3) the average cost per head per day, for feed con- 
 sumed. 
 
Ta 111,1.; If. 
 
 Inoreave 
 
 ill 
 Weight. 
 
 Lbi. 
 
 Feed 
 roniumod. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 j^^ J jHay.Rootg.CornEii.ilagonndMe.,!, 123 ' / 
 
 jj^_2 ^"'"'•'^•'o'sandMoal ' 
 
 ( do. 
 
 ( Corn Ensilage and Meul 
 
 188 
 170 
 
 No. a 
 
 I 
 
 do. 
 
 221 } 
 212 ) 
 
 555 
 
 60. 
 
 ('o«t r>or lioad 
 PIT diiy. 
 
 Cuntg. 
 15M 
 
 19 23 
 
 11 '.10 
 
 o.rciu.io,„. i,>,„„ ,i,„,e ,0.,,, i, ...."ji^ir^;;;;;?: 
 
 Whicl, were a.,, „„„ 'r .'^■^j^^' '7 ™"»"';-'- "'- <'- «•'-» 
 meal) ; '• <''">• """". '■""1 ensilage and 
 
 fed<n,!„rR:;i;;'Nrr7;r "^-i ""'""• "'° "-'■' »"■•-" -™ 
 
 »U.eU.ee„.:u„n:^,tX:err^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 euSa!.^:::::;:;ir«t^^^^^^^ 
 
 ration of which the bulkvfn-Jl f-^ten.ng of steers, than a 
 
 and roots. '^"'^^ -fodder portion was mainly or wholly hay 
 
 KXPKRIMKNTS IX 1891--> 
 
 wa, n,ainly, („) i„ the one case, corn 1 Ll ';''"'' " l""-""" 
 '« .another ca»e, hay and root, an (" if.'h , -"T '''"""' ^-''^ 
 i^nsilage,— ^ '^ " "'^ ">"'d case, corn 
 
 Hi 
 
 "m 
 
iir 
 e 
 
 (2.) To .liHcover the cuiuparativo values of feed consumed, i,er 
 100 It.H. „f increase In live weight, by .•)-year-ol.l steers, 2-year-old 
 steers, 1-year-old steers and calf-steers respectively. 
 
 TIIK KATTKNINd OK TWO-VKAR-OM) STKKRS. 
 
 Eight 2-ye:ir-old steers were purchased and were sorted into fo 
 lots as nearly even in quality and size as i)ossible. They wer 
 apijarently all Shorthorn grades. 
 
 The preparatory fee.ling period lasted from October 2il to 
 December 1, and during it the animals were all fed upon the 
 following ration : — 
 
 Corn p]nsilage 0.5 tt,s. 
 
 Roots ...!!! 50 "" 
 
 Straw (cut) j . ,. 
 
 Pease (ground) 3 tt 
 
 Barley (ground) .{ ., 
 
 9(1 lbs. 
 
 They were each allowed as much of the mixture as they would eat. 
 
 On October 29, the average weight per head was 1,079 W.s • 
 and on December 1, it was 1155 n.s.,_showing a gain of lii lbs' 
 per head. 
 
 Three rations were composed as in Table III. 
 
 Table III. 
 
 Ration No. 1. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 20 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 Corn Ensilagre 
 
 Hay (out) 
 
 Roots 
 
 Straw (out) 5 
 
 Oil cake 2 
 
 Pease (gri)U ml) 2 
 
 Barley (ground; 2 
 
 61 
 
 Hation No. 2. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Ration No. 3. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Hay (cut) 
 
 Root." 
 
 Straw (cut) 
 
 Oil-cake 
 
 Pease (grounil) i 2 
 
 Barley (ground). ...j 2 
 
 71 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 Corn Ensilage ' 50 
 
 Straw (out) i 5 
 
 Oil-cake j 2 
 
 Pease (ground) ....| 2 
 
 Bnrley (ground).. .. 
 
 2 
 61 
 
I Lbs. 
 
 50 
 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 61 
 
 at «8 ,„?r ton : roots L ki . I ^ ''^^ '•'*y ^'^^ v«'"e<l 
 
 »t *-.o'po,. to,;;,::. „/„':;:;:; ic::r *' ■■". •" "-^^ 
 
 at *2 per ton. Tl.e ..on. «. i ^ ^'^" ' *"'' ^'«''» ^-''^ilaKe 
 
 t^an ii, .t„ forj; L : : r,«:r ;,T,r • "'*■'"" ««"™ 
 
 boi.,« damage,, by ahaiuriAl: T," "'''''" "' "'^ ""P 
 l"gl.».- than tlu. co,tof produotio,, I ,^ ?. , °""'l«"»o„ are 
 
 sale a» fodders, "'"'''' '"' ™"l""-"l '""■■ their 
 
 The following Table HhowR /-n ti. • 
 steor m 18 week, ral .1,1 ,.?', ^^ '°™"-' '" ""''sl" »f each 
 
 average pe, bead pir , " '"';' ;|'™"'y »' '«'d eo„,„,„ed on .he 
 
 ..;«;. '(.•„c,„ded^:,. .tVo^l; : ^ S -^ - Z T\ 
 
 W -he average e„,. „er hea,l per day, for feed eo.l'red ' 
 
 Tablr IV. 
 
 RATIOXS. 
 
 .„/®'''^ . I *le»> in I Cost 
 
 ver hfnrl «„ 1 P*"^ head 
 
 per litarj. | per diiy. ' i)or day. 
 
 No.] 
 
 No, 
 
 No 
 
 ^•1 
 
 ».3. j 
 
 Hay.Roots.Corn Enitilngeand Meal 
 d"- do. 
 
 Roots and Meal, 
 do. 
 Corn Ensilage and Meal 
 do. 
 
 ..po:7ra'?cr:;L:r"r ""^ ^' "^ °'-- - "-« »-« fed 
 
 Corn Ensilage 
 
 Straw (cut) 
 
 .50 11)8. 
 
 55 lbs. 
 
8 
 
 During thai ,H.iio.l, tl.oy jrain...! in woi^rht an aveniKe of 1 1 11,8 
 \m' hea.l, aii.l .■ons.nuotl on tl.o avoraKc .tl •). Il.s. of lVe.l per lu-al 
 pi'i- .lay, at a coHt of « ■ 75 oentH per l...a.l per .lay. 
 
 From January 5 until April 5. tl,o.se two steers were fe.l up.M. a 
 ration coinjtoNed of, 
 
 Corn KnHJIage ^^ „,, 
 
 Straw (eut) ^ ,, 
 
 Frozen Wheat (ground) q ., 
 
 1 IbH. 
 
 Duringthatperio.l.,f ,3 weeks, they gaine.l in weigTt an average 
 01 .,.• lbs. per head, an.I consuuie.l on the average 5i> hh lbs of 
 feed per head per day, at a cost of 9-32 cents per head per .lay. 
 The frozen wheat was valued at 35 cents per bushel. 
 
 Table y sh.,ws, (I) the av^>rage increase in weight per head 
 per < ay ( 2 ) the average cost per head ,,er .lay for feed consumed, 
 h" live wlT.hr'''^'' '""' "^ ^'"'"^ <'on8umed per 100 lbs. of increase 
 
 TAni.K V. 
 
 RATIONS. 
 
 Cost per 
 
 100 lb». 
 
 increase in 
 
 weight. 
 
 No. 1. Hay, Roots, Corn Ensilage ond Meal 
 
 No. 2. Hay, Roots and Meiil 
 
 No. 3. Corn Ensilage and Meal 
 
 No. 4. Corn Ensilage and Frozen Wheat .. 
 
 Condmions. From these tests it appears that :— 
 
 (1.) During the feeding period of 18 weeks, the steers which 
 were fed upon Ration No. 3 (corn ensilage and meal), .jainkd in 
 weight on the average 55^ lbs. per head mork, an.l cost 3-75 cents 
 per head lkss, j.er day for feed consumed, than the steers which 
 were fed upon Ration No. 2 (hay, roots and meal) ; 
 
 (2.) During the feeding period of IS ^.^eeks, the steers which 
 were fed upon Ration No. 3 (corn ensilage and meal), gaixkd in 
 
I) 
 
 woiglil „„ ,1,, av..r„«,. :,„ |,„, ,,„ ,„,„, „ 
 
 and mc.'i), ji,„| j,v..y >,,,„. ,. * ivuiion .\o. y (liay, roots 
 
 c"*i; :;':;:■::,;■;:,;::;'■::; ;■•■" «— r. o,.„ 
 
 «x«.n.„t ,,y ti„. i,„t I, .";,,; , ""'r'^'' ".' '"• i--'i-i-i,v 
 
 ""'■-""-" -. -.^:"" r ■:;::;■;: ':;:;t:^ "■ 
 
 ■'•'"•: ncKO.Nr; <„.- t.,ukk-vkau-o..„ stkkhs 
 the animals xvero f..,l In. /""'-'\- ^^"^'' tl'« wouu.I.s wore healed 
 
 -■ <•■■ -::: ":' r:.:;,::!;';:::''' -'"^ °-' "■'^■^-' 
 
 TI,o preparatory fa,li„s perio,! lasted from OeloLer -o ,„ 
 
 Cora En.sila<re. . . ,. ,, 
 
 K'^ ■ -o lbs. 
 
 oots. . . . 
 
 ."JQ (< 
 
 Straw (cut) ,. ,, 
 
 lease (groiiiul) .j ,^ 
 
 Barley (ground) t] <^ 
 
 UC lbs. 
 
 to the several an inals in our nPvr=opi»^ !!f^ ^- P^"^ ^^^ad per day, will be fed 
 of meal being a.lded to ?he different rations"''"''"''"'' '"^'^"■^ of equ^A/quaaTiti^J 
 
10 
 
 They were each allowed as much of the mixture as they would eat. 
 
 On October 29, the average weight per head was 1,182 lbs.; and 
 
 on^December 1, ,t was 1,251 lbs.,_showi„g a gain of 69 lbs. per 
 
 Two rations were composed as in Table VI. 
 
 Table VI. 
 
 Ration No, 3. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Corn Ensilage | ^g 
 
 Straw(out) g 
 
 Oil-cake 2 
 
 Pease (ground) 2 
 
 Barley (ground) 
 
 Rat'on No. 5. Lbs. 
 
 Corn Ensilage 
 
 Straw (cut) 
 
 50 
 5 
 
 estfmatedV'^T' f. "'''"^ ' comparis<:n, a cash value was 
 
 rraCiCble Ul"' ^^'^^^^"^^ '-''-' '"^ -'' -^- - -"- 
 
 The following Table shows, (1) the increase in weight of each 
 steer m 18 weeks, (2) the quantity of feed consumed on the 
 
 Olciudedl!" r1 '"' ^''' ^'^ ''' ^""'*^'^ '' *h« --1 "-ture 
 included HI the former) consumed per head per day, and (4) the 
 
 average cost per head per day, for feed consumed. ^ ^ 
 
 Tablk VII. 
 
 RATIONS. Increase j Feed 
 
 Weight. Iconsuied 
 
 Lbs. I Lbs 
 
 jjo 3 I ^"""n Ensilage and Meal 102 i, 
 
 ' ■ ■( do. do 155 jl 65 96 
 
 j^^_^_ (Corn Ensilage 5^ . 
 
 ( do. _ „ |l 5465 
 
11 
 
 THE FKEDING OF 0NK-Yi5AR-0LD .STKKU.S. 
 
 Four 1-year-old steers were purchased and were sorted into two 
 lots of apparently even quality. ^^ 
 
 The prepai-atory feedintr uerio.l lQ«t-,rl f, r^ , 
 December 1, and during ft Z , " ^'"''•"'" ^''' ^^ 
 
 following ration -^ ' """"'^ ""'^ ^" ^"^^ "l-n the 
 
 Roots^"''^'^' 25 lbs. 
 
 c, ^'' oO " 
 
 ^^^•^^'(C"t) j5 ,^ 
 
 Pease (ground) ^ ,, 
 
 Barley (ground) ...[... ' .< 
 
 96 lbs. 
 Th.y were each allowed a, mud, „f the nn.Uno a, they would eat. 
 
 o„°De°:t;rit'lT'rh"'^v '-- '■™" ™ "- "-- -^ 
 
 head. "" ""■i-»l'»«-,„g a gah, of 54 lbs. per 
 
 From Dee. 1 until April 5, both lots were fed upo„ Ration No. 3 :_ 
 Corn ensilage.. .. ,„ ,, 
 
 Straw (cut) ... . '' ^^'^ 
 
 Oil-cak- ^ '' 
 
 Pease ound) [] |J 
 
 BarJey (ground) .......... 2 '' 
 
 61 '< 
 onlt-Z:Z\:!:Z 'r; ""■" f^' '""^^ - acoldTli^wltl, o„,y 
 
 Tw average .empr:e\rtret:rw:r'r::^ 
 
 The following Table show«! ci \ ti,„ • 
 
 ..;Hn iswe.?, ,., the;::;t?t; '0';%::::::::^ t'.:: a^t 
 
 average oo,t per head per day, forked eo„,umed " '"^ "'' 
 
 I t 
 ',1 'm 
 
12 
 Tablk VIII. 
 
 RATIONS. 
 
 <Corn Ensilage and Meal 
 ( do. 
 
 j do. 
 
 < do. 
 
 How fed. 
 
 I Increase 
 in weiKht. 
 
 ^eed | Moal 
 conaumed I in feed 
 per head, i per diiy. 
 
 I Lbs. 
 
 In stable.. I 173 
 
 do. ..j 163 
 
 In shed... j 172 
 
 do. ...i 129 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 45-25 
 
 43-94 
 
 Lbs. 
 4-45 
 
 4 -32 
 
 Cn.st 
 per head 
 per day. 
 
 Cents. 
 964 
 
 9 -311 
 
 Conclusion. From this single test, it is not evident that there 
 was an appreciable difference in the increase in the weight of the 
 steers, or in the quantity of feed consnined, which was due to the 
 place or manner of feeding,— stable v. shed and tied y. loose. 
 
 THK KEKDING OF CALF-.STEERS. 
 
 Four calf-steers Avere put under test on Rations Nos. 2 and 3. 
 Each lot contained one steer, out of a grade Shorthorn cow by a 
 Shorthorn bull, and one steer out of a "Quebec Jersey " or "French 
 Canadian " cow. The breeding of the sire of the Quebec steers 
 was not known to us. 
 
 The preparatory feeding period lasted from Oct. 29 to Dec. 1, 
 and during it the aniinals were all fed upon the following ration : 
 
 Corn Ensilage 25 lbs. 
 
 Roots 5Q i. 
 
 Straw (cut) 15 4. 
 
 Pease (ground^ .3 a 
 
 Barley (ground) . 3 a 
 
 90 " 
 
 They were eacli allowed as much of the mixture as they would 
 eat. 
 
 On Oct. 29, the average weight pc?r head was 465 lbs. ; and on 
 Dee. 1, it was 520 lbs.,— showing a gain of 01 lbs. per head. 
 The two i-ations were composed as in Table IX. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
For the purpose of making a comparison, a cash value was esti- 
 mated for each of the component fo.l.lers in each ration, as men- 
 tioned after Table III. 
 
 The following Table shows, (1) the increase in weight of each 
 Hteer in 18 weeks, (2) the quantity of feed consumed on the 
 average per head per <lay, (3) the quantity of the meal mixture 
 (included ni the former) consumed per head per day, and (4) the 
 average cost per head per day, for feed consumed. 
 
 Table X. 
 
 RATIONS. 
 
 Brerd. 
 
 Increase 
 
 in 
 weJKht. 
 
 No. 2, 
 
 ( Hay, Roots and Meal . Shorthorn. 
 
 ^ do. Quebec... 
 
 No » i^°''°^°siIago&MeaI. | Shorthorn. 
 
 0.3. j 
 
 do. 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 Lb?. 
 2.55 
 164 
 212 
 175 
 
 Feed Meal 
 
 consumed in ftcd 
 per head. per day. 
 
 Lbs. 
 30 71 
 
 •3o 25 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 2 50 
 
 3'.16 
 
 *"OPt 
 
 per head 
 per day. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 10 as 
 
 7-51 
 
 The following Tables have been arranged to show, (1) the 
 relative rates of increase in weight, (2) the relative cost j.er head 
 per day, and (3) the relative cost of feed consumed per 100 lbs 
 of increase in live weight, of the steers of Shorthorn and Quebec 
 blood respectively. 
 
 I 1 
 
 'St K ' 
 
 nm 
 
 m 
 
 "i 1 
 
 i 
 
 I I 
 
14 
 
 Table XI. 
 
 Steer No. 174. 
 do. 173 
 do. 172 
 do. 171 
 
 Brkrd. 
 
 Shorthorn 
 Quebec.. . 
 Sliorthorn, 
 Qii boc... . 
 
 Table XII. 
 
 RATIONS. 
 
 Brerd. 
 
 Increase 
 in weight 
 per day. 
 
 Feed 
 
 consumed 
 
 per day. 
 
 Cost 
 per head 
 per day. 
 
 No. 2. \ ^^^' ^°°'' '^"'^ ****'• Shorthorn 
 ' ^°- ! Quebec... 
 
 No. 3. 1^°''" ^"^""^e & Meal. I Shorthorn.j 
 * *( do. 
 
 Quebec.. 
 
 Lbs. 
 202 
 1-30 
 1-68 
 l-,38 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 35-85 
 25-65 
 31-00 
 31-50 
 
 Cents. 
 1211 
 
 8-G7 
 831 
 6-71 
 
 Cost per 
 
 190 lbs. 
 
 of increase 
 
 in weight. 
 
 5-9SJ 
 6-66 
 4-94 
 4-83 
 
 Concisions. From these tests with calf steers, it appears that :- 
 
 (1.) During the feeding period of J 8 weeks, the steers which were 
 fed upon Kation No. 3 (corn ensilage and meal), gained in weight 
 on the average 16 lbs. per head less, and cost 2-81 cents per head 
 I.ES8, per day for feed consumed, than the steers which were fed 
 upon Ration No. 2 (hay, roots and meal) ; 
 
 (2.) The cost for feed consumed per 100 lbs. of increase in live 
 weight, was 27-6 per cent, greater, on Ration No. 2 (hay. roots and 
 meal), than it was on Ration No. 3 (corn ensilage and meal) ; 
 
 (3.) The cost of feed consumed per 100 lbs. of increase in weight 
 
 was Wm the case of a calf steer of '' French Canadian ^' or 
 
 Q,,ebcc Jersey " breed, fed upon Ration No. 3 (corn ensilage and 
 
15 
 
 COMPARISONS IX THE KEKDIXG OF STEEES OF DIFFEKENT AGES. 
 
 In the foregoing Tables some information has been given showinsr 
 he comparative quantities of feed consumed and the cost per 100 
 bs. of increase in live weight, by 3-year-old steers, 2-year-oId steers, 
 
 1-year-old steers and calf steers respectively, when fed upon the 
 
 same ration. 
 
 The following additional Tables have been arranged to present 
 a comparison of the results in convenient form. The lots which 
 are compared were fed from Dec. 1 to A,,ril 5, upon Ration No. ., 
 
 m 
 
 Corn Ensilage 5^ i^^_ 
 
 Straw (cut) - ,, 
 
 Oil-cake ^ ^^ 
 
 Pease (ground) 2 " 
 
 Barley (ground) o .. 
 
 61 lbs. 
 
 
 
 Tabtj.: XIII 
 
 
 
 
 STEERS. 
 
 1 
 i 
 Increase 
 
 1 in 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Increase 
 in weight 
 
 per day 
 per head. 
 
 1 
 
 Feed 
 
 , consumed 
 
 1 per day 
 
 ; per head. 
 
 Meal in 
 feed per 
 [ day per 
 1 head. 
 
 Cost per 
 
 head 
 per day. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 Cost per 
 IW lbs. of 
 'ncreasein 
 
 weight. 
 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 S-year-old,No. 189. 
 do. No. 188. 
 
 1 102 J 
 155 \ 
 
 102 
 
 65-96 
 
 0-48 
 
 1405 
 
 1377 
 
 S-year-old.No. 183. 
 do. No. ]82. 
 
 260 ) ' 
 229 i 
 
 1-94 
 
 67-92 
 
 6-68 ' 
 
 14-47 
 
 7-45 
 
 1-year-old, No. 178. 
 do. No. 177. 
 
 173 )' 
 Iftl \ 
 
 1 33 
 
 45 25 
 
 4-45 
 
 9-64 
 
 7-23 
 
 Calf steer. No. 172. 
 do. No. 17]. 
 
 212 ); 
 
 17.- \ 1 
 
 1-53 
 
 3.V25 
 
 3-46 
 
 7-51 
 
 4-89 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — ~ _ 
 
 
 'I 
 
16 
 
 Conclusions. From this one series of exi^erinu-nls, it aj.pears 
 
 (1.) The cost for feed consumed per 100 lbs. of increase in live 
 weight was Unrest in the case of calf-steers, viz. : U-^d per 100 lbs.; 
 
 (2. ) The cost for feed consumed per 100 lbs. of increase in live 
 weight was SJf'SSper vein, i/reata-, by the ;^year-oId steers than by 
 the 2-year-old steers ; 
 
 (3.) The original weight of the 2-year-old steers, was enhanced 
 in value per lb., quite as much by the feeding for 18 weeks, as was 
 the original weight of the .3-year-ol(l steers ; " 
 
 (4.) The original weight of the 1-year-old steers and calf-steers, 
 was not enhanced /// value per lb., to any appreciable extent by the 
 feeding for 18 weeks. 
 
 winter ofis'gj-gs.^"''^'"""''^ '*^"'" """^ '''''^^ '"^"« '"^^«' '^'^<'" <^a"i«l over to be fed during the 
 of I&cVr^:',^o's't "j;!- whiKd'1,^ V^S:Tr.[r''"'f''^''-1u"'"''« fr^^^e^eral varieties 
 
 Hil