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 PKESKNT CONDITION or TlIK CIIURCII IN WE8TKBN CANADA. * 
 
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 PREACHED IN IHfe CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF ST. JAMES, TORONTO, 
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 LORD BISHOP OF THE *IOCE§E. 
 
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 THE REV. ARTHUR PALMER, "A. B. 
 
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 (PUDUSBED BT BBftUEST OF THE LOBD Bli^HOF AMP ClARGlr.) 
 
 TORONTO: 
 
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 SERMON, &c. 
 
 Our .ufflciency i. of God.-2 Cir/m. lofter port */(»• «tt •^w. 
 
 Many and conclusive are the evideuccB by which it hat 
 pleased God to ettablish the truth df our holy reUgion. But 
 there is, perhaps, none more stjriking than that deduced from 
 the manner in which our blessed Lord addressed the first 
 heralds df the Cross, in reference to ^he difficulty and danger 
 of the work in which they were about to engage, and from 
 the fortitude and unwavering constancy with which they 
 ezecuUjd their high commission, and encountered thoM tnals 
 which Christ forewarned them they would have to endure. 
 Remembering whom I am addjpssing, 1 feel that little need 
 be said in illustn^tion of this argument, except as introductory 
 to the subject of this discourse. An impostor, in order to 
 gather followers around him, and to secure their devotion, 
 would not only have appealed to the self-rightfious pride, or 
 corrupt passions of our nature, but he would have taken carc^ 
 not to represent his service as involving the necessity of con- 
 tinual self-denial, and would have cautiously abstained from 
 the use of language likely to excite, in the minds of his disci- 
 ples, fears of personal danger, and even of death itself, as the 
 certain consequences of adherence to his cause. Butweknow 
 that our blessed Lord pursued a directly opposite course.— 
 Not only did He, with the hand of Divine authority, lay the 
 axe to the root of human pride and passion, not only did H^ 
 expose the delusion of all human pretence to merit in the 
 sight of a heart-searching God, while He exhorted His dis- 
 cipl^s to aim at that perfection which is the attribute of God 
 
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 himself, but He declared that if any man would come after 
 Him, " he muMt take up hit Crotts <laily." And ettpeciully 
 when the twelve were commissioned to go forth in His name, 
 they were distinctly apprised of the perils they would have to 
 encounter, alid the sufferings they would be called on to en- 
 dure. He assured them, indeed, of the perpetuity of His 
 Church, so that at no period would its light be wholly extin- 
 guished, or **the gates, of hell prevail against it." (Mat xvi. 
 1&) He ga^ them, too, His animating promise that He 
 would be "with them alwuys even unto the end of the world" 
 (Mat xxviii. 20); and He encouraged' them to look .orward 
 to the time, when, after having proclaimed His truth, and 
 established His Churcli, and kindled, amidst the moral dark- 
 ness of this world, that celestial light, which, by the grace of 
 God, was never to be extinguished, they should reap their 
 eternal reward in His kingdom in heaven, and be acknowledged 
 by Him in the presence of His Father Und the Holy Angels; 
 •but meanwhile. He told thop^ that in their journey, towards 
 the crown they must daily bear the Cross: that their course 
 'should be one of obloquy, suffering, and death ; ** that they 
 should be hated of all nations for His name" (Mat xxiv. 9), 
 "tlmt they should be persecuted from city to city" (Mat X. 
 23), and that the time was coming when " whosoever killed 
 them would think that he did God service." (John xvi. 2.) 
 And if we consider the couduct pursued by those whom 
 Christ addressed in these teriSg^of (as far as all worldly con- 
 itiderations Jire concerned) extreme discouragement, our per- 
 suasion of the Divine origin of Christianity will be stilt further 
 strengthened; for we behold them going forth at the command 
 of Christ) in the face of that persecution of which they were 
 forewarned, suffering the loss of all things, and patiently 
 enduring every extremity of " tribulation and distress, and 
 persecution, and famine, and nakedness, and peril, and sword** 
 (Rom. viii.85); and this they did, not for the sake of any 
 personal or national prejudices, for these all lay the other way, 
 —not impelled by a blind zeal or funaticul enthusiasm, which 
 
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 can produce their lUtt of martyrs without deriving: any credit 
 from their death, — not for the sake of mere opinion!, which 
 men will often sooner die than yield,— but in testimony of 
 their belief of ^ac<« of which they were themselves witnesses. 
 The ohief of these was the resurrection of Christ from the dead. 
 And, tlierefore, while they went forth preaching Jesus and 
 the resurrection, they were able to say, "That which we have 
 heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have 
 looked upon, and our hands have handled, of the word of life, 
 declare we unto you." (I John i. 1.) Thus they bore their 
 testimony as persons who had been eyewitnesses of the great 
 facts on which the scheme of Christian truth is founded, and 
 they hesitated not to seal this solemn testimony with their 
 blood. It was by such a ministry as this, — a ministry habi- 
 tuated to trials and difficulties,— that the Church of Christ 
 was every ^here established, ** built upon the foundation of 
 the ApostWand Prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the 
 chief conieSpone;" and. so securely were its foundations laid, 
 that although the whole world, Jewish and Gentile, combined 
 in a common association in order to overthrow it, although 
 the whole weight of the Roman Empire was brought to bear 
 in order to effect its extermination,-^ten fierce persecutions 
 having been publicly authorised during the three nifst centu- 
 ries, the last of ten years* duration^ — and although after the 
 Empire received Christianity as the religion of the State, the 
 vssaults of heresy were no less perilous to the existence of the 
 Church than the violence of former persecution, it has, by the 
 preserving care of its Great Head, survived every danger, and 
 triumphed over all opposition, and cofhe down to us, with all 
 its essential features, its doctrines, discipline, and worship, 
 preserved inviolate and untouched. 
 
 But though, in the providence of God, persecution is no 
 longer permitted to rage against the followers and Ministers 
 of Christ, or the arm of civil power put forth in onler to ex- 
 terminate the Church of Go<l, yet those to whom He has com- 
 mitted the ministry of reconciliatioii, have still to contend wi^h 
 . ■ ■ ..■ '■ .■ ■ ^* ■ . 
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6 
 
 l»v. 
 
 IS.; 
 
 much of difficulty and dincouroprpinent In tht execution of 
 their Mcred office ;-«nd faith, and patience, and lelf-denial, 
 are qualificationt as ewential in the Minister, of Christ now, 
 as when the infantChurch first struggled for existence. But, 
 blessed be God, if our office be an arduous one, if trials and 
 difficulties abound, so «*our consolation also aboundeth in 
 Christ;'* and those grounds of support are graciously provided 
 for us, through which we are enabled to be «»stedfast, im- 
 moveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, foras- 
 much as we know that our hibour is not in vain in the Lord. 
 
 To these two points then. Reverend brethren, vi«H L The 
 difficulties and discouragements attendant upon the sacred 
 Ministry, and, 2. The support and encouragement held out 
 to those whom God has called to exerdpe it, I now purpose, 
 in humble dependence upon the Dii^ine blessing, to address 
 myself. I shall do so with a deep sense of the solemnity of 
 this occasion, on which the Clergy of this vast and important 
 Diocese, after three years more of toils and trials, are assem- 
 bled, at the summons of our venerated Diocesan, to receive 
 the Episcopal charge and benediction. And though, in such 
 aii assemblage as this, I cannot hope to ^ay any thing that 
 shall add to the information of those, whom it is my high pri- 
 vilege to be ptrmitted to address, it may be, perhaps, that the 
 consideration of points in which we are all so deeply interested, 
 —however feebly and imperfectly they be treated,--may, by 
 the Divine blessing, contribute in some degree to stir up tiie 
 gift that is in us, and to strengthen our determination of serv- 
 injj before Him faithfully, to the glory of His Name, and the 
 edification of His Church. j j- 
 
 And, first, in treating concerning the difficulty and dis- 
 couiagements connected with the sacred Ministry, I might 
 well be content to confine my observations to the solemn 
 nature of the office itself, and the responsibility which attaches 
 to it For surely, to be invested with a Ministry derived from 
 God,^to be the ambassadors of Christ to our fellow-nfen, to 
 treat with them concerning their reconciliation with God,— 
 
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 to be onlainoa, lu it l» cxprcMcd by IVwhop Vcanon, " to in- 
 tercede between God and His people, to iend up prayora t«» 
 Go<l for them, to blew them in the name of God, to teach the 
 doctrine of the. Gospel, to administer the SacramenU insti- 
 tuted by Christ; to perform all things necessary for the per- 
 fecting of the Sainto, for the work of the Ministry, for the 
 edifying of the body of Christ;" •—or, to use the deeply 
 solemn language of our own Ritual, "to be messengers, 
 watchmen, and stewards of the Lord, to teach and to pre- 
 monish, to feed and provide for the Lord's family, to seek for 
 Christ's sheep that are dispersed abroad, and for his children 
 who are in the midst of this naughty world, that they may be 
 saved through Christ for ever."t And while doing this, to 
 feel that as to some we may humbly hope to be "the savour 
 of Ufe unto life," to others we may be "the savour of death 
 unto death," (2 Cor. ii. 16); and that, humanly speaking, 
 upon our faithfulness or unfaithfulness depends the salvation 
 or destruction of those amongst whom we minister,— surely 
 this is enough, when contrasted with our Own inherent weak- 
 jiess, to c«st down the strongest, beneath an overwhelming 
 sense of tjiie arduous nature of our office, and might well de- 
 mand th^t a whole discourse should be devoted to enlarge 
 upon, and apply the consolatiqn contained in the cheering 
 words, "bur sufficiency is of God." But it is to the, exterior 
 difficultiis and discouragements attending our Ministry, that 
 I now iJore particularly invite your attention; and these, 
 brethrenf you will, I think, agree with me in ascribing to the 
 natural enmity of the human mind to the tttit^i as it is in 
 Jesus. There is, indeed, inherent in*aU mien, a yearning 
 after truth ; the mind at once rejects what it sees to be false, 
 
 -it is i 
 
 issatisfied with what is doubtful,— nor does^t derive 
 
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 full satiiifaction even from probability, however this'may suf- 
 fice to determine the conduct,— it yearns after what is true,— 
 and heiice, in physical and mathematical science, proof and 
 
 * Pejuvon on The Creed, Art 8. 
 
 
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 demonitrnlioii yieW the mind the highcit degtte of pleMurc 
 and delight, becauw they afford timt absolute certainty, baaed 
 on the deductiona of human reason, which the human mind 
 longs for. But in spiritual things it is otherwise; for Divine 
 authority assures us, that " the natural man receiveth not th# 
 things of the Spirit of God, for they arc foolishness unto him; 
 neither call he know them, because they are' spiritually dis- 
 cerned," (1 tJor. ii. U). Their nature, and excellence, and 
 beauty, are appreciated only through the influence of the 
 Holy Spirit upon the heart, dispelling natural prejudice, and 
 giring it to see " the light of the knowledge of the glory of 
 God in the fiice of Jesus Christ," (2 Cor. iv. 6). And the 
 fini reason which I will venture to assign, in order to account 
 for this prejudice against spiritual things, is, that they arc 
 imperceptible by the eye of sense, and that it ilHiot^possible 
 to subject them to toy process or experiment by which their 
 reality shall be ascertained. We are called upon to credit 
 them with implicit faith in the naked declarations and pro- 
 miies of God. In the things of this life, surrounded and loli- 
 cited as we arc by sensible objects, we are affected chiefly by 
 what we *see, -^ "The natural man is immersed in sense. — 
 Nothing takes hold-of his mind but what applies immediately 
 to sense."* Heaven and hell, judgment and eternity, cannot 
 be brought before the bodily eye ; nor can God's promise of 
 pardon to the pedite^t, or the sanctifying influence of the 
 Holy Spirit, be subjected to any sensible test <*We look 
 not," says the Apostle, "at the thinjjs which are seen, but at 
 the thihgs which are not seen ; for the things which are seen 
 are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal," 
 <2 Cor. iv. 18). Again, "We walk by flith, not by sight," 
 (2 Cor. V. 7). " Faith is the evidence of things not seen," 
 (Hcb. xi. 1). Hence, to the end of bur course, we have to 
 take God's promises upon trust We have, while in the midst 
 if a world that\we am, to live for a world that we do not, and 
 cannot sec untiiyfter death; and, like God's saifat% of old, we. 
 
 X 
 
 Paley's Sermoo on Meditating' on Religion. 
 
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 htf* to yield up our UtMt bresUi, *' not having r«cclv«d tk« 
 promiMti but Ktill p<)piuMl«d of them, wid embnMnng th«iB« 
 and confening that wa ara •tmug*" •»<* pilgnmi on tfc« 
 earth." (Heb. xL 18). That then, brethren, wa — that tka ' 
 ipiritual character of the religion of which we ar« Mi nia tw % . 
 would in iUelf be enough to render our task a kopeleii 0P% 
 wert it not that "c# ■ufficiency la of Ood,** 
 
 But again, in delivering the ineMage with wkiek w« arti 
 charged, we have to addreii neii as fallen, guilty^ corriipt» 
 and under the wrath of God, and while we point them to ih^y 
 atonement aud righteousness of Christ aa the sole proenrinf \^ 
 cause of our pardon and reconcinatioo with God, we hire t« |.. 
 show themthat in themselves they are utterly dewid of rigt-, 
 teousneu and strepgth, and that ««^e are accounted righteoot 
 before God, only for the merit of our Lord Jesus Christ by 
 faith, and not for our works or deserviogs."* This, br^thraiH 
 ' is a truth which, while it contains within it the Msenoe of th« 
 i Gospel, has ever been unpalatable to hum^n pride. In tha 
 Apostle's day it was one of the main obatioles to his snocess 
 that men went about <* to establish their own righteousness, 
 not -submiuing themselves to the righteousness of God** 
 (Ro^. J. 3); and to the present hour, one of the great diffi- 
 culties with which the Minister of Christ has to contend in 
 bringing \sinners unto God, continues lo be t^e innate self- 
 righteousness of the human heart 
 
 But while this spirit, whether ia an active or dormant static 
 naturally exists in all men, neither is it, any more than the 
 cause previously assigned, the only impediment to our sno- 
 cess. For alas t painful experience proves to us, that there 
 may be a high sounding profession, and not only a ready ad- 
 mission of the insufficiency of human merit, but su8h seeming 
 sensitiveness on this poitat, as to ascribe the careful obiervw 
 ance of duty, and especially of the ordinances of tlie Chureh, 
 to a legal and self-righteous spirit while at the samo tine, 
 
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 theie ii un alter absence of that self-denial which is required of 
 those who would be Christ's disciples indeed. And if we put 
 •Side the course thus pursued by too many reMgious profes- 
 •M« and contemplate the objects which those, to whom wc 
 ••ddress ourselves, naturally pursue, do we not find them to 
 be ireahh, pleasufe, ease, self-aggrandizement, of self-graUr 
 Aeation, not to speak of those things on which the word of 
 Ckid has more legibly stamped the character of sin ; and then 
 when we phiee in contrast to this state of things the solemn 
 and emphatic words of Christ, «If any man will come after 
 me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily and fol- 
 low me:" (Luke ix. 23.) the difficulty with which r«^a^« 
 to contend iii bringing men into subjection to religious^^tPuth, 
 becomes obvious. The niind is preH>ccupied. The care of 
 thi^ world, and the deceitfulness of riches, and the lusts of 
 other things wintering in choke the woid, and itbecomeUi 
 unfruitful. Christ calls for self-denial : man, for self-indul- 
 gence. And these are contrary the one to the other, so that 
 tt» often, when the Minister of Christ delivers his Master's 
 me8M«e, he finds in those whom he addresses, that love of 
 81% and dislike of self-denial, which impel them to reject it 
 Such, then. Brethren, are the ordinary obstacles that pre- 
 sent themselves in the way of the successful execution of our 
 sacred office. Wherever the ministerial office is exercised, 
 and the truth of Christ proclaimed, there these obstacles ex- 
 ist, for human nature is every where |he same; but besides 
 ^ these, there are generally others also of a local nature, and to 
 some of thirclass it may not be amiss, that I should here for 
 a few moments ask your indulgent attention. I will not stop 
 to advert to the unfavourable manner in which, in a new 
 country like this, an over eager desire for the possession of 
 prtperty, engendered by the facilities of acquiring it, bears 
 upon the spiritual welfare of its inhabitants.-how an mordi- 
 Hate pursuit of this world's good,_and a constant spirit of 
 specubtion, with its feverish anxieties and calculations, and' 
 not unfrequentiy pecuniary embarrassment,— its attendant 
 
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 puiiiihinent,— iibgorbB the^wiind, and leaves neither time nor 
 thought for the care of th^ «oul, for the loss of which the gain 
 of the whole world wouli be no recompense. Passing from 
 this point, on which time will not permit me to dwell, I come 
 to one of our greatest discouragements, I mean the divisiona 
 existing among, professing Christians, and the ignorance too 
 generally prevalent of the nature and constitution of Chrifti 
 visible Church, or rather, perhaps Uhould say, the prejudi- 
 ces industriously instilled upon this important subject; for 
 not only is religious division sinful in itself, not only does it 
 seriously- impede the diffusion of true religion, and prove the 
 fruitful parent of strife and dissension, but the ignorance of 
 the true doctrine of the Church, from which it springs, leads 
 to a denial of that authority, which belongs to the duly or- 
 dained Minister of CSirist, V at least to a want of that rever- 
 ence for his minuitratidns, without which those who attend 
 them cadnot expect to profit Accordingly when God's ap- 
 pointed Minister goes forth for the first time into a new part 
 of the country, he finds a state of things which may well cast 
 him down; he finds that (except by those members of the 
 Church whose attachment to her communion has survived 
 their destitution of her ordinances,) a ready volubility, and a 
 confident assertion of being sent by the Spiri^ are held to 
 constitute an ordination quite as good, if not better, than his 
 own;— tiiat the Sacraments are considered to beboth as regu- 
 larly and as validly administered by some self-appointed 
 teacher, as by one who had received a lawful authority to 
 dispense them ;-and tiiat the crude and too often irreverent 
 effusions of a private spirit are deemed to constitute a purer 
 worship than tiiat form of sound words compiled by those 
 martyred Bishops and Reformers of our Church, to whom 
 they ^ho form tiiis judgment, are indebted for the very Pro- 
 testantism which tiiey abu8e>«nd for the very S^jriptures 
 which they pervert in order to oppose or maUgn that Church 
 for which tiiose Martyrs bled. Nor does the eVil or discou- 
 ragement stop here; for, Sect^anism having cast off aU re- 
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 «ira for the omHy of the Church, has no principle of consirt- 
 ency within itself, and sect splits oiT from sect, nntil division 
 and confuMon have become so grievous and interminable, that 
 even the more respectable societies which have forsaken the 
 communion of the Church have become conscious of the evil, 
 but which^having themselves set the example, Mey cannot 
 
 BOW hope to cure. i •* u u„* 
 
 tJnder discouragements of this and other kinds, it is \mt 
 natural that we should look for the support of the influential 
 laity of the Church. But here, brethren, although there arc 
 many bright exceptions, do we not often find disappointment 
 ^„here we looked for hope?/ Do we not often find some, of 
 whom we ought to expect be£ler, sacrificing the principles of 
 consistent Churchmanship to the acquisition of a hollow popu- 
 krity, and by thjiir copduct and example neutralizing to a 
 greirt degree the prin^ples we inculcate?^ Thus, one, after 
 pmying on the Sab^iath against the sin of schism, and with 
 tSL Ae e^ls of reUglous division before his eyes, presides, or 
 ainsts, on the weA-day at a meeting convened to propagate 
 it Another, caUing himself a Protestant, contributes to Ae 
 Effusion of Romish error. A third evinces his liberaUty^lry 
 occasional attendance on the ministrations of dissent; while 
 many others, in stations of high executive or legisUittvc 
 authority, would rather destroy a great seat of learning, than 
 permit their own Church to retain some slight privilege in a 
 University originally chartered a^ her own; and refuse either 
 to allow the Church the management of the remnant of her 
 own property Uiat jealousy hai( left her; or to give her so 
 much control in the matter pf public education, as would sirf- 
 fice to secure the reUgious instruction of her own children, in 
 accordance with her own fmth. And that, though m making 
 iliese demands, the Church asks for ioAing unjusj^ nothing 
 exclusive; ««a Church, which," to use the words of Br. South, 
 "as it is obedient to the civil power, without any treacherous 
 dSstbctions or reserves, so would be glad to have the counte- 
 nance and protection of that power in return for her hearty 
 
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 «bedien« t. it; tl.«ogK.rfteriJl,in» cannot be p««^ by 
 it, it i> yet revived to be peaceable and q»'«» »»f' 'J* ^ " 
 
 '"•r:*::!*! me now further, Reverend Breth»n.wMM 
 „fe, to one other cause of perplexity and d.Ko«.jgem«W 
 mL I pa« on to the remaining portion of th.. d.«.»»e., 
 I ISnde n.e dUtre^ing aceonnu wl^ch you have fr.m«« 
 
 L rime wen, of the departure of » f«W. and thank, be to &^ 
 rfb^.tw of ri.e aergy <^f -^ehurch, from her p»»J»d 
 timidve faith, to the corrupt communion of the Church of 
 Ce T^e movement which/of tete year. ha. taken ph« 
 TZ. Church has. I firml/belie«. Ujen i^*?* -* 
 L.7beneficial result., b^there ha. «>Hom«ccnr,ed«.y 
 !™t movement, without b^ing. through the infirmity rf our 
 CeTaTthe device, of Sa.«.. cried to exee-. «.d^» « 
 
 C^en in the p^nt »•««•<»• I" . ^^P^^tll^ 
 ^ient «mon of Tertulliin, «M e«. veram <J««><»»<P» 
 ^rl, id e« idultermn qnodcanqn. poateriu^'t aj«^ 
 
 Scouted to inction. or either «^}-i TT^^ 
 Z^ error, of the Church of Eom^ and whid. ^^^^ 
 r^lliate Md at U.t to receive, doctrine, from *fhich they 
 
 :^:^':itb just abhorrence; »d though the ^ta-c- 
 in which thui ba. occurred have been companjUvel, few,Ui^ 
 Le -rved to give . handle to t1.o.e who J"- ""J^;*^ 
 
 «„r clinch, ««! !'«''»*•*» -8«»f'r";r:!S'^^t^ 
 of true «hurch principle., even «''•» P'«f*^* ''^ T*J!*! 
 
 1 heartily. »rf « »™«>. .PP««* «» 'h" *"^^Zte 
 tion, of the Chnrch of Rome. And whUe -«^»f """r 
 ifct the event, that have occurred, A»d<l «T '^f*^ 
 Jiouay in th«« who know what B«ne ».» «««*;^""«" 
 l,peAwhrtA^Uj^^ 
 
 • g« 8Mlh'> 8«m», oitttled, -EcdeAWicil CraHilirtM. to ». Ifcto 
 ."'t^rtdl. tdr. Pnl. i »■ Oper. p. 40S. 
 
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 ooMidered m taking too mock upon me, when I say tliat, 
 di»y bare add^ much to the burden of the diifibulties arising 
 from ordinary W local ^uses which press upon us as Ministers 
 of the Church of England, and thut they are well calculated 
 to make us feel more and more, J^at **our sufficiency is of 
 
 God." ".' ' i ^: 
 
 1 now come to the consideration of those grounds of support 
 which sustain us in the execudop„of our sacred office. And 
 the first which I shall name is a iiriii persuasion that the sub- 
 ject raattcfroff our teaching and ministrations is the truth which 
 God hasievealed for the salvation of men. It is obvious that 
 if we had any doubt' on this point, our ministry could give no 
 certain 8Dumi,-^we could have no heart for our work, — we 
 could have neither boldness nor constancy, nor fervent zeal 
 in preaching the Gospel of Christ. It was because the first 
 preachers of the Gospel possessed this firm assurance that what 
 they taught was truth, and that truth was "the power of God 
 onto sal^tion to every one Uiat believeth," (Rom. i. 16), that 
 they peijsevered amidst every discouragement; and, brethren, 
 it is a djmilar persuasion Uiat must excite us to a similar per- 
 aetrerani^. Their persuasion was indeed obtuned in a diffe- 
 rent way from ours. Theirs^ sprang from beholding miracles 
 performed before their eyes; yet ours is derived from aosource 
 no less sure, the certain warrant of Holy Scripture, proved by 
 a great chain of external and internal evidence to be the in- 
 spired^rord of the living God. Here then is our rule of faith, 
 ** the sure word of prophecy, whereunto we do well that we 
 take beted, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place,*' (2 
 Pet i. 19); ever remembering that in the interpretation of 
 that word, the exercise of the right of private judgment is to 
 he ooBtrolled and regulated by a just deference to the Judg- 
 ment a|id testimony of the primitive Church. It was on this 
 prinoye that the Keformation in England was conducted 
 threug|iou^ nor can error, whether Rmiiish, or Puritan, or 
 Batfbnklist, be successfully refuted on any other. It is the 
 privileijre of the faithful member of the Church of England 
 
 
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 that he finds the j&dgment of the primitive Church, on all 
 esseatial and important points, expressed with sufficient ful- 
 ness and cleariiess iu the standards of his' own branch of the 
 Catholje Church. This is all that is needful as regards him- 
 telf. He knows that the pious and learned Reformers of the 
 English Church framed her standards with reference to th(B 
 judgment of the primitive Church, and therefore I repeat as < 
 regards himself, it is sufficient to know that the standards 
 which contain the profession of his faith, express tlie voice pf 
 the Catholic Church. But as regards those who gainsay a^d 
 resist the truth, it wiH not be enough to appeal either to the 
 ■ Scriptures or to our own standards ; because they reject the 
 latter, and deny our interpretation of the former. Phunly, 
 then, in 9uch a case there remains no other meaof; of settling 
 a controverted point, but by a reference to the prevailing 
 judgment and testimony of the primitive. Church, whi<;h» when 
 clearly ascertained, id it generally may be, ought i* fiurneis 
 to decide the question in dispute. It is on this strong ground 
 that we rest our defence c^ Episcopacy, iQfant Baptism, a^4 
 many other tenets and ji^es of the Church ; and it U on 
 jtbe same ground we reject the novelties of Rome. But wl^le 
 the Church of England has ever pursued this truly Conser- 
 vative courscy " yet,'V to quote the words of high anthority 
 addressed to us in this sacred edifice three years iigo, ** the r^ 
 apect which she pays to the dechired voice of the primitive Ca- 
 tholic Church, as a help and guide for interpreting the Scrifi: 
 tures, and judging of Uie Christian doctrines, is a respect siib- 
 ordinate to that which she pays to the yfritten word pf Qod; 
 which she regards, and rightly regards, aa the onlydivifif 
 source and standard of religious truth/'* Such, tb^ 
 Brethren, is the source whence w<e; derive our peraupiiofi^ 
 that what we teach is truth, and <l|»t it ia tru(h revea)e4 liy 
 God for the salvation of men; and having this peKiiiia9ip|i,of 
 the truth and4mportance of what we teach, knowing tM* t)lf 
 
 * Charge of the Lord Biihop of Toronto, delitered Jvne 6, 1844. 
 
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 fiudiof Cbriit crucified is tlie power of God unto the salTa- 
 tion of finnerf, — that through it all who believe are washed, 
 jditified, and sanctified, and so made meet for their inheri- 
 tance in heaveii>— and that however that faith may be opposed 
 ^ perverted now, it sfiall at last be surely and eternally 
 triifmphant, we are animated to persevere amidst every dis- 
 ^boragement, and fimidst evil report and good report, whether 
 flkoi irill hear or whether they will forbear, we shall by God'i 
 giadd eontinQe to bear our testimony to the truth as it is iii 
 Jcain^ and in hit name beseech men to be reconciled unto 
 
 Again, brethren, we are supported and encouraged in Ike 
 '(B|!|M!Utiou of oar sacred office by the consideration that we 
 ltf« duly called and commissioned by God to minister in Hia 
 Mmto. Without thii, no one may venture, whatever may be 
 ihe truth of the doctrines which he holds, or whatever iria 
 iribility and leal, to assume the name of a Minister of Christ 
 mdi lew to expect a blessing on his ministrations. *< I snit 
 theoi'iiot, nor cornmanded them, therefore they shall notpMH 
 !fit diis people at all, saith the Lord." (Jeremiah zxiiL 92.) 
 '^Ihider the old dispensation it was marked as the moit 
 diliigeroai ptretumption to touch the ark of God ^thout 
 i Atrae waitaat, nor b it a less direct act of usurpation 
 lo iMtQiDBe authority in the Church of Christ withditt 
 liviMMuiiiwion from our Divine Head. Christ himself 
 l|i|kter0d with delegated, not with self-commissioned pow^ 
 eti^' nor can ^e conceive of an ambasttidor, a steward, a 
 wim^man, a meflsenger, with self-oonstitiited apthority^"* 
 1lM«e it it that the question is asked, how shaH they preach 
 Vklti^ IhOy be tent? hence our Lord- to tolemnly conferred 
 1ll|jdii ihe twelve tiieir Apostolic authority ; hence it was tint 
 iflief^ero to earefid to enMain elderv in every city, and to 
 Idillige tlMte to n«boitt they eonuMuricated Epitoq[Nil powerl 
 W ^^nait the thingff which they had heard of them Utftb 
 
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 fittthfttl men, who should be able to teaeh others also** (2 
 Tim, ii. 2.) ; that so a successive Ministry might be con«* 
 tinned unto the end of the world. And thus it is that the 
 oommiinon to minister in the name of Christ has been tran»- 
 mitted to us ; a commission which, although conferred throagh 
 humim instrumentality, is yet derived from no human power, 
 a commission which invests the ministry of him who bears it 
 while faithfully teaching the truth of Christ with the solemn 
 •anedon, <* He that heareth you heareth me, and he that de«> 
 fpiaetir you despiseth me, and he that despiseth me despisetk 
 Him that sent me" (Luke x. 16.) ; a commiision in the ab^ 
 •enee of which more harm is commonly done by the divisiomi, 
 aad eonfjasion caused by the usurpation of Uie ministerilll 
 office, than is likely to be compensated by any good effected 
 by an nnauthorised teaching even of the trnth,--Hind finally, 
 a commisiidn in the faithful discharge of which they Vho bear 
 it are ant'ioriied to look for, at the hands of the Chief Skep^ 
 herd «*the crown of glory which fadeth not away." (1 Petl 
 V. 4.) "Therefore," brethren, "seeing we have this.ministry, 
 as we have received mercy we &int not, but ha|« renounced 
 the hidden things of dish<^esty, not walking in craftiness, 
 nor handling the word of Gud deceitfully, but by manifeMa- 
 tion bf the truth lommending ourselves to every man's coti- 
 soience in the sight of God." (8 Cor. iv. 1, 2.) 
 
 The last general ground of support and enconragement 
 that I shall mention, is one whose'importance cannot be over^ 
 rated; and I feel well assailed, brethren, that you have already 
 anticipated me, when I state this to be, the promised blessing 
 of the Holy Spirit of God: For as without the influence of 
 l&e Holy Spirit upon the soul, it is impossible to obtain ik$ 
 necessary qualification for the Ministerial office, so the sfan« 
 Divine influence is indispensable to the successful exeentioii 
 of it. * In Tain may our teaching be orthodox, and onrodnii 
 minion, as the Ministers of Christ,, reguhur and valid, uintesi^ 
 while we seryie before Him in our holy office, He is pleased 
 to bless otor ministration. Were the Apostles now on earthy 
 
 
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18 
 
 without thist their preachlnji^ would be in vain, for " Paul may 
 
 plant and Apollo« water, but God giveth the increase; so 
 
 then neither \» he that planteth anything, neither he that 
 
 watereth, but God who giveth the increase" (I Cor. iii. 6-7.); 
 
 but, with ity the weakest of Gotl's ministering servants becones 
 
 the honoured instrument of extending the boundaries of the 
 
 Redeemer's kingdom, and saving the souls of men. What 
 
 hope could we have of success in our ministry, if we could 
 
 not look up to God to **send down upon the congregations 
 
 (Munmitted to our charge the healthful Spirit of His g^ce, 
 
 and to pour upon them the continual dew of His blessing ??' 
 
 But knowing that it is the office of the Spifit of God to blesf 
 
 His own word, to open the heart to attend to thote thingir 
 
 that we deliver ** out' of God's most holy word or agreeable to 
 
 the same," to bestow fa\jth and repentance, and all those fruits 
 
 that are so' peculiarly His own, we are encouraged to go 
 
 forward in the path of duty, supported by the assurance that, 
 
 however weak and unworthy may be our ministrations, ** the 
 
 word of God shall not return unto Him void, but sliall accom* 
 
 pUsh that whicli He pleases, and shall prosper in the thing 
 
 whereto He sent it." (Isa. Iv, 1 1.) 
 
 . Su^, brethren, you will, I think, agree with me in regardr 
 ing as the great leading principles which are to support and 
 encourage us in the execution of ouri^red office, — principles, 
 wh6^ truth are like Him from whom they emanate, ever un- 
 varying and unchangeable, — in no degree affected by the 
 measure of our success, — capable of yielding as rich support 
 and consolation to the faithful servant of Christ, whose labours 
 ■eem unproductive of fruit, as tf him upon whose ministry 
 there rests a visible and signal blessing from on high. With 
 the truth of God to preach, with God's commission to preach 
 itt fnd with the promise of God to bless it, in the manure 
 thit.seemeUi Him good, the Minister of Christ may well be 
 atedHistand unmoveable, even though, like Elijah, he seem 
 toatand alone and the whole world to be against him. But, 
 idthough it is the will of God sometimes thus to try His minis- 
 tering servants, because He has given them principles that 
 
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 iHU support tliem under any trial, sUU He does not always 
 subject their faith to so severe a test On the contrary, He 
 not unfrequently vouchsafes to them manifest tokens of His 
 presence and favour, and enables them to apply to themselves, 
 in its 'spirit, the art(ument of the wife of Manoah, ** If the 
 Lord were pleased to kill us. He would not have received a 
 burnt offering arid a meat offering at our hands, neither would 
 He have shewed us all these things, nor' would, as at this tim«» 
 have told us such things as these," (Judges xiii. 23). And 
 having, brethren, in a preceding part of this discourse, alluded 
 to some of the local discouragements with which we have to 
 contend in this Diocese, you will permit me briefly to advert 
 also to a few of those cheering indications of the Divine bless- 
 ing, which ar^ so well adapted to make us thank God and 
 take courage ' 
 
 Of the state of the Church in Canada, previous to the period 
 when tlie humble individual who now addresses you entered 
 this Diocese, hi^ pannot of course speak from personal obser- 
 vation; though, ^.from oral histories of the Canadian Church, 
 he has learned to honour as well the faithful men who pre- 
 ceded him, as those in whose ranks he was permitted to take 
 a place; and he will ever esteem it a cause of thankfulness 
 that his eiltrance into the Diocese was suflSciently early to 
 gain for him the acquaintance and honoured friendship of two 
 Right Reverend Fathers in God,^one of whom has long since 
 entered into his sainted rest, and the other, faithfully fulfilling 
 his course in a neighbouring Diocese, is still journeying 
 towards the same bright and glorious inheritance. But taking , 
 the.period gi which I have spoken, let me contrast the then 
 condition of this portion of the Church, with the state i|ij 
 •M^ch, by the providence and grace of God, it is at the pre-| 
 senrtoioment Well then, brethren, fifteen years ago th« 
 Clergy were but few (about forty) In number, so widely scatf 
 tered and dispersed, that personal communication was rar^ 
 indeed, arid the existence of niany known to the others only 
 from 9 printed report. Nor were they only few in number, 
 
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 * The bite Bitliop of Quebec and the present Bishop of Montreal 
 
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 but their hearts were cast down and diimayed by those dark 
 clouds that lowered over the Church, — without combination "^ 
 among themselves and with but little recognition by the laity 
 of the principles of distinctive Churchmanship,— while the 
 enemies of th^ Church were active and virulent, heapinf^ upon 
 her iind her Ministers every species of calumny, and clamor- 
 ing for the spoliation of her property, until that wicked rebel- 
 lion broke out that was so promptly put down by the unaided 
 loyalty of the people. And most of you, brethren, remember 
 tluit it was at the juncture to which I have referred, that the 
 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel was obliged to issue 
 die announcement of an immediate reduction in the salaries 
 of the Clergy, and of tie ultimate withdrawal, of its assistance 
 almost entirely from this portion of the/bolonial Church, so 
 thiat the future maintenance of the Church in Canada became 
 a question of painful interest, while the prospect of Upper 
 Canada becoming a separate Diocese, with a Bishop of its 
 liwn, seemed remote indeed. What, let me ask, is our condi- 
 tion now? Is it (not a fact that, within the period I have 
 mendoned, the number of the Clergy was nearly tripled,* and 
 that a combined action for th^ promotion of true religion and 
 the welfare of tli^e Church has been established among them, 
 partly by means of Clerical Associations, but more especially 
 by the Church Society of this Diocese, whose fifth cheering 
 anniversary we yesterday celebrated, and whose progressive 
 •access ha^ been so signal as to have .called for the especial 
 JMjktce of theiSociety^or Propagating the GoJBpel, in its Re- 
 port for 1846, 'as an instance of «the independent exertions 
 ',of The Church Societies in the Colonies." Nor is the con- 
 trasl less striking in re'ference to the sounder tone of feeling 
 that now pre&ls with regard to the true principles of the 
 Church. We now find the doctrine of Christ's visible Church 
 'becoming more and more recognised, together with the imporr 
 taODtce of maintaining its unity, and the evil and sin of religious 
 
 ffirlsion; and, as a necessary consequence, instead of the con- 
 
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 * ^J!" wcent Charge of the Lord BUhop. the number of the Clergy now 
 in the Diacfse of Toronto was stated to be 118. 
 
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 tribuUons of (he mcmbera of die Cliurcli being (Htiribated« 
 with thoughtleM iucouiinteticy, towards the prumotitfn of r«U- 
 gious ttror in its various shades, they are now, witi^ a tu 
 more liberal hand, as well as with a better ronsciehce, ploured 
 into the treasury of the Church ; and, hence, the Church baa 
 acquired that moral weight and influence, which, while they 
 enable her to be more extensively useful, render it indispen- 
 sable that her feelings and wishes should be consulted on allx 
 matters of a public nature aifecUng the interests of religion 
 within this Diocese. But, brethren, it is impossible for me 
 to conclude this hasty review without noUcing one of the moal 
 encouraging circumstances to which I could advert, I mean, 
 that, since the period I have mentioned, Upper Canada hat 
 been constituted a separate Diocese, under the Episcopal 
 government of one, of whom, if I were to presume to speak, 
 I should not know whether to say, first, that his truly paternal 
 kindness to his Clergy has secured for him their gratitude and 
 love, or that his indefatigable labours and unwearied devoted- 
 nets in the discharge of his high and sacred office, have won 
 for him the tribute of their respect and admiration ; and now 
 that a provision has at length, with tardy justice, been made 
 for the maintenance of the Episcopate, we miy, on this occtp 
 sion, use the language of mutual congratulation and thankful- 
 ness, upon Vhat we may regard as the permanent organi^on 
 of the Church in this Diocese, (rendered still more complete 
 by the preservation of the Archdeaconry of York), not for- 
 getting to add our fervent aspirations for its still further ex- 
 tension, until every portion of this immense Diocese shall be 
 fully and efl&ciently supplied with the ministrations of the 
 Church of the Living God, the pillar and ground of the truth. 
 And now, brethren, what though our ojffice be an arduous 
 one, and our difficulties and discouragements many, greater 
 is He that is for us than all that are against us. What thoogli 
 in addition to the ordinary obsjtaclfes attending the execndoii: 
 of the ministerial office, we have to contend. with thiat ezcee- 
 sive care of this world, and that too ^ager desire foir this 
 
 world's good, which.are perhaps m<a» pfe<ayiarly experience^ 
 
 I 
 
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 in a now couiitry,^iirUh that religious 
 ttbpundsy-^witli the apathy aKil inconiintr 
 laity, — and with that forg«tfiilii«M of t|i 
 
 difiti 
 
 wbloh {■ to often found in thoie Hfiif i^ "• -puwcr,- 
 
 •ondly 
 _ „ ^ »onj( the 
 
 «to the Chunk 
 wer,— itiU not 
 only do wc find abundant cncQg||||Kiient in remembering 
 wboae word wo minister, whose commi«ien we bear, and 
 upon whose promised bie«|inf( we can rely, — but also seeing 
 the clouds we once so much dreaded gradually breaking, and 
 giving place to a serene and brighter sky.^beholdtng the to- 
 kens of the Divine blessing in the increasing prosperity of 
 our Zion, we are animated to thank God for the pas^ aud to 
 ^^pst Him for the future. And even though hxn hearts have 
 ffUmw deeply saddened and perplexed by the departure from 
 tba pure faith of Christ of some of our brethren in Knghind, 
 y«l even here we are not left without aome alleviating consid- • 
 orations. That these perversions have been but few, wc know, 
 if in no other way at least in this, that the same unholy triumph 
 by which those that have taken place have been trumpeted to 
 the world, would have taken care to chronicle others also if 
 they had occurred^. We know, also, that the accessions of the 
 ministers oC,Diss4||||iy^mani8mt^ the^^mmunioii of the 
 IShurch, have be|^MpHp' more Mi^ the defections from it* 
 And in regard tPHPj^neral state of the Church in the Mo- 
 ther Countries, we liave the following testimony from an 
 Irish^ Prelate, whose p^ty, learning, and talents, are of the ^ 
 highest order, and to whose words^ the fact of his having writ- 
 ten with great power in opposition to the extreme errora of 4 
 the Uter numbenTof the Oxford Tracts may perhaps impart 
 ' additional weight. ** I believe," writes the Lord Bishop of 
 Ossory,f . "that while at no former period did the clergy 
 
 * Qat of s great nnraber of ftcts that might be addac«d to calMtanUat« the 
 correetncM of tbU lUtement, let it taAce to addocMie two foUowing. The 
 iitmtM givmt hi a late oamber of "The Ghnrch," is, that there are no Icm 
 toM 30 (other aecoantf tmj 40) gentlemen, formerl j DiiMnting Preaehen, 
 •iMyhig at the College of 8c. B^ea, in Comberland, with a view to enter the 
 Chwoh of JEnghwd. The lecond is, that the conversion of Roman ^atholio 
 Pneeti to the Church of England, bad become so numerous in Ireland as to 
 lead to the formation of a ** Prieet Protection Society" in that country. 
 
 f' 
 
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 t In a pabUshed Charge to hii Clergy. 
 
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 manifest more pi«ty ftnd led, thert m^er wm « perkid iff 
 wluch they were lo louiitdly in^ormetkandl in p«rti«MiUur ther 
 true prin«iplet of our Church wife ndrer to ^ell known by 
 her minitten, and never ni<9r« de«iiy viltied. I lelieve that 
 
 Hkia k the caae in Kngtand. ^M» M|r« it U so amon^ 
 ourtelret.f And in conteroplatini^' Ae%ilf of religion in 
 
 « this Diocenef we have reason to blefiipedl'' that not only ha* 
 no defecUiW to Rome talcen place aMlhg ourselves, but tliaC 
 there is not, as fiir as I Icnow, the sli||lflp}<^>^>i«K '" <^y <{<Mr^ 
 towards that corrupt communion, but, ip the contrary, a firm 
 determination, by the fj^race of Ood, to ^^ and die loyal and 
 devoted members of the -Refoirmed Chultfli of England. 
 
 Brethren, upon this occasion, on the ttnguage of exhort*- 
 tlon I will noi venture, — when one of ike weakest ameing 
 you speaks, be that language reserved ktr him whose office 
 will give it weight. But while I rejfrain irma uttering word* 
 of exhortation, I may be permitted to use $tD»e of supplica- 
 tion ; und therefiwe I would say, may the great Head of the 
 Church impress uipon us all the conviction of our own inherent 
 weaknesa and insufficiency, and dispose us wholly to rely 
 upon the power and^race of G6d,-— may He cause us ever 
 to remember that we have the treasure of Christ'^ ministry 
 ** in earthen vessels, that the excellency of the power may be 
 of Ood and not of as," (2 Cor. iv. 7.) — may He imprint upon 
 our hearts still moiie deeply the great doctrines of Catholi^. 
 truth, preserved in (iieir purity by the exercise of the Prbtea^ 
 tant principlef^of the Church of England,— may^He unite the 
 Clergy of this and every other iMocese in affectionate and 
 deferential attachment to their Bishop as the centre of unity • 
 therein, — and may He guard them agdni^what is one of the 
 great dangers to the Church at the present day, the temp- 
 tation to make passing events the occasion of exaggerating 
 those differences of opinion which, in consequence of human 
 infirmity, and different degrees of advancement in religious, 
 knowledge, must, in our present imperfect state, exist among 
 the members of the Christian Church. Happy is it for the 
 
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 peace of the Church, that wlule she requires a strict adbe- 
 
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 fence to her fundamental principles, she yet, with the cdo- 
 scMusneM of truth, allows her children a certain Udtude on 
 ainor points, neitlier insisting;, as does each of the subdiTi- 
 ucNDd of sectarianisni, oii a rigid conformity of modes of 
 expression and even of thought, nor suppressing all ditciuh 
 non as does the spiritual despotism of the Church of Rome } 
 for, to adopt the words of a distinguished li?ing dirine, 
 <* within certain limits the dhurch of England permits her 
 chi^ren piously to inquire! and fearlessly to discuss; for 
 unless this were ao, either a(l discussion would cease, and the 
 result would be a spiritual sjiagnation and apathy, than which 
 few things can be more iiijurious to the cause of tnjtth, or 
 discussion would always leild to a breach of communion, and 
 split us into Actions and sects."* May we, then, in the 
 exercise of this liberty, Jver preserve "the unity dT the 
 Spirit in the bond of peace." May the efforts of Rome on 
 the one hand, and of Dissent on the other, impress upon us 
 the 4uty of "standing fast in one mind, with one spirit, 
 striving together foj/ tlie iaith of the Gospel," "with one 
 mind and one mouth glorifying God," taking our stand on 
 what we all acknowledge ti) be the best exponent of Sacred 
 Scripture, the Book of Common Prayer. And when at 
 leiigth we shi^l be called to give an account of our steward- 
 ship (last month's awful summoris of a fellow-labourer warns 
 UB we know not how soon this may bef ), when we are resign- 
 ing at once our spirits and pur ministry into the hands of 
 God, may we be supported lin the review of our manifold 
 luiworthiness and imperfectidn, by an undivided reliance on 
 the blood-bought salvation of lour Redeemer, Christ, and by 
 th^ blessed truth, Ihat whether as members or ministers of 
 th* Chnrch of Christ, whether /or time or for eternity, off 
 
 Hour sufficiency is of God." 
 
 ■' — — ^ — -4 . ^J. 
 
 ♦The ttev. Dr. Hook's "Call to Uniota on the priooiples of the EiiKiiah 
 Reformation." \ * ' \^ 
 
 ^f The RcT. Thomas Fidler, late MissionVry at Fenelon Falls, whose melan- 
 cholj seath by drowning is recorded in " The Chnrch" of the 21st May. 
 
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iray Im Wmcd M 
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 .,niMiy fiiiniM 00 
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 oto«« pouvoni 
 fNni4o A dM ImiK do rMuetion dlfMranta. 
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 raprodult oauM ooul olloM. li oot flmi A poftir 
 doTonglo supdrlour gouelio. do gouoho i dralto. 
 ot do hout on boo, on pranont lo nombra 
 dlmogoo ni c ow o lra. Loo dlograninioo ouivonto 
 muotrant lo mdthodo. 
 
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