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THE UNION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 British North American Provinces 
 
 4. 
 
 AND 
 
 THE HON. JOSEPH HOWE, 
 
 {From the Montreal Gazette.) 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 DA.^\^SOISI 13ROTHEKS. 
 
 1866. 
 
UNIOJf OF THE COLONIES 
 
 AND 
 
 THE HON. JOSEPH IIO\yE. 
 
 :i^ 
 
 From tho earliest period of American his- 
 >jry no thought has more persistently occupied 
 the minds of American statesmen than that of 
 Union. The leading spirits in the okl i;> 
 colonies were ever dreaming of it, and when 
 their union was accomplished after the revolu 
 tion, it was not long before the loyal colonies 
 began to thirk that they also had a common 
 ground and bond of union. 
 
 For a long time these tendencies were dis- 
 couraged by the mother country. The foolish 
 policy which frowned on Franklin's plan was 
 continued until the growing indiiference to all 
 colonies tooK root in England. The states- 
 men of the colonies still longed for organiza- 
 tion, but the statesmen of the mother country 
 followed the rule of dividing in order to govern, 
 while there never lacked in any small com- 
 munity ardent local "patriots" who saw 
 "tyranny and spoliation" in any comprehen- 
 sive scheme, and who would rather be chiefs 
 of their own villages than take their places, 
 according to their real abilities, in a larger 
 assembly. 
 
 The iirat union of which we read is the con- 
 federacy of 16 to of the «' United Colonies of 
 New England," by which they entered into 
 " a firm and perpetual league" for defeuce 
 and for trade. This confederacy soon fell to 
 pieces, and in 1G96 another and more comore- 
 hensive scheme was decided on and laid before 
 the Board of Trade and Plantations, but was 
 there suppressed. In 17o4 a conv ntion was 
 held at Albany, and a plan of union devised 
 by Ur. Franklin was selected out of many 
 others, and, after a debate of 12 days, 
 
 adopted — Connecticut only dissenting. The 
 Board of Trade refused even to bring this 
 scheme under the notice of the King. The 
 manner in which union was at last achieved 
 is known to all. 
 
 Now it will be apparent to all who look 
 under the surface, that had the British Govern- 
 ment been able to communicate with a body 
 of more weight and unity of action than 
 
 the Provincial Assemblies 
 
 would not have occurred 
 North publicly asserted 
 
 the rupture 
 ; for Lord 
 " that if the 
 
 *' Americans would propose to Parliament 
 " any mode by which they would engage 
 " themselves to raise in their own way and by 
 " their own grants their share of contribution 
 " to their common defence the quarrel on the 
 " subject of taxation was at an end." But 
 there was no common legislation, except that of 
 the Imperial Parliament. One colony would 
 grant and another would not — each was jea- 
 lous of giving more than another, and the in- 
 evitable village demagogues were ready to set 
 one against another and all against the Bri- 
 tish Government. Even after the Continental 
 Congress had met, the mattei would have been 
 arranged had the Government been able to re- 
 cognize it as Vi legal body. History is against 
 those who assert that a Confederation of Bri- 
 tish North American Colonies would tend to 
 separate them from the Crown — the rebellion 
 of the old colonies took place under their dis- 
 united legislatures. 
 
 But beyond all the men who ever made a 
 study of American politics the gaze of good 
 old Governor Pownall penetrated farthest 
 
 i 
 
3 
 
 
 iting. The 
 > bring thia 
 ung. The 
 st achieved 
 
 I who look 
 ish Govern- 
 fith a body 
 ction than 
 } rupture 
 for Lord 
 t if the 
 'arliament 
 i engage 
 ay and by 
 titribution 
 rel on the 
 d." But 
 eptthatof 
 ny would 
 was jea- 
 d the in- 
 ady to set 
 the Bri- 
 )ntinental 
 lave been 
 ble to re- 
 is against 
 of Bri- 
 tend to 
 rebellion 
 heir dis- 
 
 made a 
 of good 
 larthest 
 
 
 y I 
 
 into the future. " Let Great Britain,'" 
 he said, ** be no more considered as the king- 
 "dom of this isle only with mi-ny appenda<i;es 
 '* of provinces, colonies, settlements, &c., 
 " but as a grand marine dominion consiating 
 "of our possessions in the Atlantic and in 
 " America united into a one centre where the 
 *' Seat of Government is held. Such a plan 
 *' would buiki up this country to a degree of 
 " glory and prosperity beyond the example of 
 " any age that has yet passed." Governor 
 Pownall's ideas were despised, and are now 
 only to be found in old books, wliile the 
 nuuies of Hancock and Adams are iu every 
 mouth. They blasted the fair prospect of 
 empire offered to our race. They and such 
 as they split its power and arrayed brolhor 
 against brother, and they receive the praises 
 instead of the execrations of a large po'tion 
 of the Anglo-Saxon race. 
 
 Such a scheme is yet practicable if there 
 were statesmen to carry it out, but public 
 opinion in England tends so fast to desiute- 
 gration of tha empire that it is hopeless to 
 attempt to revive it. And it must also be re- 
 membered that even now the time of the 
 Imperial Parliament is too much occupied 
 with local, almost municipal, ail'aiis. To in- 
 troduce there a few colonial members would 
 be to mock the colonies with unreal power, 
 and to throw on it a burdfn of detail which 
 could not be attended to. It is in a grand 
 council of the empire that the colonies should 
 have their representatives, and there that the 
 external policy of the emriire be decided. 
 
 But the orizanization ot the empire should 
 not result in a polypus of merely a head and 
 legs, but in a body duly k 't to^jeher in due 
 subordination of organs. It should commence 
 at the extremities ; and before the colonies 
 can deinand of the mother country a share 
 in Imperial (.,'ourcils, they must unite into 
 groups of importance. Delegates from Can- 
 ada or Prince Edward Islaiid, from New 
 Zealand or Tasmania, from Jamaica or Ber- 
 muda, separately, must not complain if they 
 wail the convenience of Colonial Ministers. 
 When the representatives of the American, 
 the Australian, the Asian, the African, or the 
 Pacific colonies go to England they will 
 speak with a voice which will commend atten- 
 tion. 
 This dream of a united empire yet lives iu the 
 Colonies. Governor Pownail would have had 
 
 me colonies send members of parliament equal- 
 ly with Durham and Chester. The burdens 
 of the empire would be borne by all, and all 
 could share its fflories. He even contem 
 plated the time when, owing to the increase 
 of population, the capital of our race would 
 be fixed in America. But no one in England 
 seems to entertain such a scheme. The Hon. 
 Joseph Howe has advocated, with his usual 
 ability, a plan of representation in the Impe- 
 rial Parliament, but he has avoided the bur- 
 dens of the empire by proposing to limit the 
 whole colonial representation to ten members, 
 who would be too insignificant in number to 
 have any real power, but would sp ^ak on Co 
 lonial questions. This would put both par- 
 ties in a false position ; but failing this, the 
 Union of the Colonies has no where met with 
 so able an advocate as Mr Howe. His let- 
 ters and speeches are published, and the idea 
 of a union of the colonies breathes through- 
 out them all. "If," said he, referring to this 
 plan, '' I saw no better scheme, I would say 
 " al once let us keep our local legislatures 
 " and have a President and Central Congress 
 " for the higher and external relations of the 
 " United Provinces." And again : "Under 
 " Federal union we should form a large and 
 ^ prosperous nation lying between the other 
 " two branches of the British family, and our 
 " duty would be to keep them at peace." No 
 one has ever pleaded the cause of the colonies 
 more eloquently — no one has dwelt more on 
 their resources and strength. Taught by him 
 the youth of Nova Scotia learned to look to a 
 wider career than that of Nova Scotia poli- 
 tics, to a closer union of the colonies — to a 
 permanent connection of the whole with Bri- 
 tain. 
 
 Those who, like the writer, have listened 
 as boys to his eloquence — heard him descant 
 on the importance and the wealth of Canada — 
 who, as men have seen for themselves these re- 
 sources — are amazed that he now exhausts his 
 whole i'orce of vituperation on those provinces 
 he formerly used to exalt. His recent pam- 
 phlet has stultified his whole career, for he is 
 not agains,t this scheme or that scheme, but 
 is asraiiist Union with Canada on any terms 
 whatever. 
 
 It must be evident to Mr. Howe that no body 
 of men in England, or in the Colonies, are 
 ready to take up his scheme. The Colonies 
 are now taking up that which he pointed out 
 
?- 
 
 as the next best scheme — a Federal Union. 
 He speaks of it now as a tentative towards 
 annexation and, strange contradiction, as a 
 threat to the United vStates If it is the first 
 step towards annexation how is it that every 
 annexationist is opposed to It; that it is 
 sneered at and denounced by the U. S. papers ; 
 that the whole influence of the U. S. Consul's 
 party is against it? 
 
 Now, to assert that Mr. Howe is not a loyal 
 man would be a falsehood. I beb'eve him to 
 be one of the most loyal men in the province, 
 and more, that he is a most disinterested man 
 in all matters of proj^erty. But in any mat- 
 ter of political credit or ambition no man could 
 be more grasping. Proud of his great natural 
 gifts he is a disappointed man, and with rea- 
 son. No mark of imperial favor has been be- 
 stowed on him. The Commission of the Fish- 
 eries was a local matter to the governorships 
 betowed on men vastly his inferiors, like Daly 
 and Hincks. Forty years of politics have 
 done their work — years of canvassing-, of agi- 
 tation, of quarrels .>ith governors and men in 
 authority. Aiming to be the " people's man," 
 he has not overcome that wildness of statement 
 and fervour of imagination which so wp';^h 
 with popular assemblies. This scheme bf 
 Federal Union was put before the public by a 
 body in which he, being Imperial Commis- 
 sioner, could have no seat, and in which a 
 seat had been refused to his mouthpiece, Mr. 
 Annand. The dream of his life is near being 
 realized, and he has had no hand in it. It is 
 not surprising then that it should meet with 
 his opposition. 
 
 Never, even in the hottest of Mr. Howe's 
 diatribes, did the fervour of his eloquence lead 
 him into so many contradictions and rash state- 
 ments as now in his recent pamphlet. The 
 scheme of Confederation is misrepresented 
 from its inception. The English public 
 is asked to condemn it as one of ** spolia- 
 tion and robbery" — it is "Schles'vig- 
 Holstein," "an oppression," a scheme 
 "forced on an unv/il!ing people." Yet it is 
 true that all the Canadians have done was to 
 go down to Charlottetown, where the Mari- 
 time Provinces were debating a smaller 
 union, and ask them to consider a union of 
 all British North America. Delegates then 
 met, appointed from both political parties 
 in all the colonies, the plan of union was 
 adopted, and all that has been done since has 
 
 been done by a majority of their various legis- 
 latures. The plan had come even in the very 
 way Mr. Howe ubed to desire, viz., " the pro- 
 ject of union has como from theother colonies." 
 He has now the assurance he so longed for— 
 " I should like of all things to be assured the 
 French-Canadians favoured a union." Now 
 that Mr. Howe has another object, he system- 
 atically underrates the resources of Canada ; 
 but his language hitherto has invariably Iteen, 
 "that noble province," "that magnifioent 
 provmce " — ' one of the noblest countries it 
 has ever been my good fortune to behold." 
 "Of vast proportions, boundless resources, and 
 surpassing beauty :" travelling through which 
 you feel " that Canada must become a great 
 nation ;" and that in IS 39, when Canada was 
 an infant to what she is now. He makes the 
 most of a deficiency which, during the last 
 year, has been caused by preparations against 
 Fenian raids; excites English prejudice by al- 
 lusion to the Canadian tariff, which is now 
 very littl e higher than that of Nova Scotia ; 
 and finally settles our province by exulting 
 that she possesses no coal — forgetting to re- 
 mark that the unparalled water power of Ca- 
 piada affords facilities for manufacture unequal- 
 led in the world. 
 
 But, as Mr. Howe goes on, he is still more 
 contradictory. He draws a lively picture of a 
 Canadian "doad-lock," am' then speaks of 
 the Lower Provinces being s vallowed up in a 
 larger assemblage. Can he not see that, if 
 this be true, the Lower Provinces mus*^ hold 
 the balance of power ? and, moreover, would 
 Nova Scotia be as much swa' owed up theia 
 as if she returned two members to the Impe- 
 rial Parliament? Listen to Mr. Howe, when 
 at Montreal, describing the rivalries of races : 
 
 " We Anglo Saxons, proud of our race, 
 " are too apt to forget how largely the Nor- 
 " man-French element entered into its compo- 
 " sition. Gradually the distinctions faded, and 
 " out of a common ancestry came that new 
 *' race which has given laws and civilization to 
 " the world. So it will be here. Sprung from 
 " two of the foremost nations of the earth, 
 " speaking two noble languages, who doubts 
 " that a race will grow up in North America 
 " equal to the requirements of their country, 
 *' andproud of the great families from which 
 " they sprung." 
 
 Nothing strikes one more in parusing his 
 pamphlet than the stress laid on the loyalty 
 
 I 
 
 ¥ 
 
 .•?: 
 i 
 
 4 
 
various legis* 
 m in the very 
 z., "the pro- 
 ler colonies." 
 Ionised for — 
 e assured the 
 lion." Now 
 ct, he systera- 
 9 of Canada ; 
 variably lieen, 
 ; mat^niiioent 
 3t countries it 
 to behold." 
 resources, and 
 hrough which 
 jcorae a great 
 m Canada was 
 He makes the 
 iring the last 
 •ations against 
 irejudice by al- 
 which is now 
 Nova Scotia; 
 je by exulting 
 •getting to re- 
 power of Ca- 
 kcture unequal- 
 ly is still more 
 ly picture of a 
 hen speaks of 
 ill owed up in a 
 ot see that, if 
 aces must hold 
 )reover, would 
 owed up theie 
 rs to the Impe- 
 r. Howe, when 
 alries of races : 
 of our race, 
 argely the Nor- 
 into its compo- 
 ions faded, and 
 came that new 
 d civilization to 
 Sprung from 
 of the earth, 
 ^es, who doubts 
 North America 
 their country, 
 ies from which 
 
 u psrusing his 
 on the loyalty 
 
 ® 
 vt 
 
 of the Maritime Provinces, and the insinua- 
 tions against the loyally of the Canadians. No 
 one questions the loyalty ot the Nova Sco- 
 tians, and we all remember that a natural cause 
 of discontent existing in all the colonies was 
 here fanned by demagogues into a very sniall 
 flame, but let him remember that alone, of 
 all the colonies, the Canadian people liave 
 given their lives for their sovereign. 
 
 From 1776 to is(it)— the defence of Que- 
 bec, to the afftiir of Ridgeway — Canadians of 
 both races have shed their blood freely in de- 
 fence of liritish connection. From the pro- 
 clamation of General Montgomery to that of 
 Sweeney, the burden has invariably been — 
 '* We have no quarrel with Canadians, 
 but with Englishmen — share with ns the glo- 
 ries of the Republic — its equality, its wealth.'' 
 Let Chippewa and Chateauguay tell the an- 
 swer. The descendants of the DeSalaberrys 
 
 and tht Robinsons have the same answer 
 ready now. 
 
 Walk the streets of the chief cities of Ca- 
 nada and you will see a stronger contrast to 
 United States manners and customs than in 
 any other of the American dependencies of 
 Great Britain, and "et we have lived in daily 
 intimate communication with our republican 
 neighbours along the whole length of our 
 frontier. We have separate traditions and 
 different aspirations. The family history of 
 Upper Canadians tells of a fundamental po- 
 litical antagonism in the past. But Mr. 
 Howe, after talking all his life of colonial 
 nationality and nation, is scandalised because 
 Lord Monck uses the word "nation"' in his 
 address to Parliament. In a previous quota- 
 tion is an example of Mr. Howe's use of the 
 word. Until recently It was a pet word 
 of his own. He says in another speech : 
 " It is impossible to ^ancy you are in a pro- 
 vince — a colony. Yon feel at every step that 
 Canada mnst become a great nation."' Even 
 the proposal of a monarchy is not new to 
 him, but he rejected it lest we might have a 
 dynasty of idiots or might give offence to the 
 United States. Nothing, however, can show 
 Mr. Howe's inconsistf^ncy better than his ex- 
 aggerated picture ot" the defenceless position 
 of Canada, ow.ng to her frost-bound shores 
 and extended frontier ; — while a little further 
 on he claims the Saskatchewan territory, and 
 urges its settlement as j crown colony. If 
 Canada be so helpless, how can Britain pro- 
 
 tect the Saskatchewan ? Why plant a colony 
 in the heart of the continent and induce an 
 emigration which she would shamefully have 
 to abandon ? If Canada be lost England 
 could not even communicate with the terri- 
 tory, much less settle or protect it. And 
 again on the American Union— -in one page 
 he speaks of its strength, in another of its 
 approaching dissolution, its vain hope of 
 union. If Mr. Howe believes that, which he 
 must, is there not a chance of our surviving 
 which he does not touch upon ? 
 
 This question of the defencelessness of Ca- 
 nada never comes up without bringing to 
 indignant recollection that shameful c'ebate 
 n the British House of Commons, when it 
 was proposed by "gallant" otlicers and listen- 
 ed to with patience, to leave all the British 
 North American Provinces to their fate, and 
 simply confine the action of Great Britain to 
 a naval war. Surely this is non-intervention 
 with a vengeance — enough to rouse the sleep- 
 ing hero population of Westminster Abbey. 
 No one hinted that it was the duty of the em- 
 pire to assist a colony ; no one said that Can- 
 ada had already borne the brunt of two wars 
 without a murmur ; no one said that as the 
 fields of Canada and blood of Canadians main- 
 ly were in question it might be just to con- 
 sider them. Well may the descendants of 
 the United Empire loyalists blush as they 
 think of it and ask — can these be the child- 
 ren of the men who fought Spain when she 
 was mistre';c of the world; who withstood 
 Europe under Napoleon ; who fought and con- 
 quered at Plassey and at Agincourt? Why 
 talk any more of Armstrong guns and 
 breech-loaders. War to these arithmetical 
 statesmen is a matter of simple addition. 
 Wellington, at Waterloo, should have counted 
 his guns and saved useless bloodshed by sur- 
 render wheu he found himself outnumbered. 
 Englar ' no longer expects every man to do 
 his duty ; unless the duty be one which pays in 
 solid £ s . d. But listen to Mr. Howe's for- 
 mer opinion : — " Taking the population of the 
 " British North American colonies at 2^ mil- 
 " lions, every fifth person slould be able to 
 <* draw a trigger — giving 500,000 men capa- 
 " ble of bearing arms. Such a force would 
 <' be powerless as an invading army, but in 
 " defence of these provinces invincible by any 
 '• force that could be sent from abroad. Put 
 " into these men the spiri; which animated 
 
" the Greek, the Roman, the Dutchman, and 
 " the Swiss — let them feel that they are to 
 " protect their own hearthstones ; and, ray 
 " word for it, the heroic blood which beats in 
 " their veins will be true to its characteristics. 
 " How often have we heard that our republi- 
 " can neighbours were going to over-run the 
 " provinces. They have attempted it once 
 " or twice, but have always been beaten out; 
 " and I do not hesitate to say that the British- 
 *' Americans, over whom the old flag flies, are 
 " able to defend every inch of their territory, 
 " even though her Majesty's troops were 
 " withdrawn." True, the times are some- 
 what changed now, but the population of the 
 colonies is greater, and we count on the assist- 
 ance of England. Moreover, the United 
 States have now a Poland in their borders, 
 which may be taken into account in the cal- 
 culation. 
 
 Repeatedly, in th'S pamphlet, does Mr Howe 
 urge the Canadians to cultivate '* amicable 
 relations with their neighbors" and the im- 
 pression is disingenuously conveyed that Ca- 
 nuda by this confederation (which he else- 
 where represents as tending toward annexa- 
 tion) seeks to assume " an attitude of menace" 
 to the United States. 
 
 Canada, who would have to 
 the whole brunt of the attack, 
 to menace ! The thing is absurd, 
 cause of quarrel which has yet 
 is on English account— down to this last 
 Fenian raid, — but though damped by House 
 of Commons arithmetic, with the helplessness 
 of England to assist paraded before the world, 
 the Canadas have yet the courage to hope 
 for a successful defence, or at least an honor- 
 able resistance. It must be admitted that we 
 have done things we should not have done, in 
 the heat of our disputes. Montrealers 
 have egged a Governor, but the London- 
 ers have stoned a King. Mr. Howe 
 himself in the height of his dispute 
 with Lord Falkland, talked about out- 
 raged Nova Scotians ' hiring a negro to horse- 
 whip aLieut.-Governor through the streets of 
 Halifax ;' even that pink of loyalty— Prince Ed- 
 ward Island required a detaclimeut of soldiers 
 to explain the propriety of submitting to the 
 ' outrage and mdignity' of paying rent to the 
 English land-owners who had received their 
 lands from the King. We have all sown our 
 wild oats, and if Canada has sown more than 
 
 bear 
 
 seek 
 
 Every 
 
 arisen 
 
 others, remember her special temptations, and 
 as Mr. Howe would have said in old days 
 * her boundlnsH extent and capabilities. ' Rut 
 while we admit the disgrace of eg<ring a Gov- 
 ernor Genera! escorted by dragoons, it is 
 too bad of Mr. Howe to add the crime of 
 insulting his lady to the long catalogue of our 
 sins. Lady Fjigin was never affronted in Ca- 
 nada but once ;— -at Toronto- -when Mr. Howe, 
 during a most eloquent speech, carried away 
 with the glorious vision of the union of the 
 coliinies, illuatrated the fact that their very 
 slight differences would only bind them the 
 closer, by a story, drawn from his inexhausti- 
 ble budget, which caused her ladyship to 
 withdraw from the gallery. 
 
 No one living in Europe can imagine the 
 extent to whi(;h party fef^^Iing is carried in 
 small communities. The smaller the commu- 
 nity if it has a full government staff the high- 
 er runs the excitement. p. E. Lslanil, 
 with a total population of 80,000, has the full 
 paraphernalia of government— her Governor, 
 her two Houses, her Ministry, and her minis- 
 terial crises. There the battle of religions is 
 fought, the education (juestion, the introduc- 
 tion of the bible into schools. The field is 
 small, but the combatants are lively, and, as 
 must be the case, when members of the same 
 family or traders in the same way of business 
 are contending for the honour of seats at Her 
 Majesty's Council, the disputes are acrimo- 
 nious to a degree. There is a vigour and 
 heartiness in Colonial abuse to which the well- 
 bred cynical sneering of the « Saturday Re- 
 view," or the ponderous denunciations of the 
 " Times" are gentle music. Canadians have 
 not had a monopoly of that style of abuse as 
 Mr. Howe very well knows. It is to avoid 
 this that .«o many of the quieter sort desire a 
 union of the Colonies, that our statesmen 
 may have a wider field for their energies, that 
 the fi-te of a ministry may not depend on the 
 making a road to a certain village, or t^e 
 building of a bridge where it is not wanted, to 
 balance the building of another where it is 
 necessary. 
 
 The main difficulty of union has always 
 been with the smaller States and the smaller 
 politicians. As fur Mr Howe he is a man of 
 great abilities, and could never be ignored 
 (we have suffered enough already from trying 
 to ignore him), but behind him are the fouith- 
 rate politicians— those who are noisy on the 
 
 I 
 
'inptations, and 
 (1 in old days 
 bilities.' But 
 esjixing a (iov- 
 rairoons, it ia 
 I the crime of 
 italoij;ue of our 
 rconted in Ca- 
 lien Mr. Ilovve, 
 1, carried away 
 union of the 
 it their very 
 viud them the 
 lis inexhausti- 
 ir ladyship to 
 
 in imat^ine the 
 is carried in 
 er the commu- 
 ataff the high- 
 ly. E. I.Hlan.l. 
 )0, ha8 the full 
 -her (iovernor, 
 and her minia- 
 of religions is 
 , the introduc- 
 The field ia 
 lively, and, aa 
 ra of the same 
 ay of business 
 )f seats at Her 
 3a are acrirao- 
 1 a vigour and 
 vhich the well- 
 ' Saturday Ke- 
 ciations of the 
 Canadians have 
 pie of abuse as 
 It is to avoid 
 r sort desire a 
 our statesmen 
 r energies, that 
 depe-id on the 
 nllage, or t^e 
 not wanted, to 
 ler where it ia 
 
 )n has always 
 id the smaller 
 he is a nrian of 
 er be ignored 
 dy from trying 
 are the foui th- 
 j noisy on the 
 
 .1 
 I 
 
 ' 'I 
 
 i« 
 
 stump and quiet in the Council, who feel that 
 in a union of all the coloniea they at least 
 would be snulfed out. Here is the outrage — 
 the (I'^nressinn of the minority. Little Khode 
 Islanu refused to send a delegate to the con- 
 vention of 17^7 ; and did not accede to the 
 result for several years. When in 1S20 the 
 Province of Cape IJreton was annexeil to 
 Nova Scolia it was allowed to return two 
 members to the Nova Scotian Assembly. 
 Its population was eight thousand, only 
 one-tenth of Prince Kdward Island j but 
 a wail of sorrow and indignation went up to 
 the Imperial Legislature. The most dreadful 
 future was conjured up, and a petition was 
 forwarilod to England in the "tyranny and 
 oppression'' vein which might answer as a 
 model for Mr. Howe's. The hardhearted 
 Parliament would not listen to those poor is- 
 landers under the heel of Nova Scotia ; and 
 yet Cape Breton has not rebelled, and even 
 supports her hard fate with tranc^uility. 
 
 To read Mr. Howe's book one would sup- 
 pose that the Canadians were invading Nova 
 Scotia, as the Germauo did Schleswig-Hol stein. 
 He tells us of the hard fate of those provinces 
 as apropos to the occasion. Fortunately, he 
 also proves that we have not, and never can 
 have, a fleet or army. Who could believe, 
 after all this, that the Confederatio resolu- 
 tions were passed by a two-third mu^r • of 
 the Nova Scotia popular chamber ? 
 
 On a matter of so much impoi he 
 
 most moderate statesman might well dillor in 
 detail ; but Mr. Howe now denounces the 
 whole scheme of union. He will have no 
 union with such a country as Canada on any 
 terms. His mission now is one of disorgani- 
 zation. The future he now prognosticates is 
 Canada and New Brunswick annexed tp the 
 United States, and Nova Scotia hanging on 
 to the empire, the neck of the peninsula for- 
 tified and the sea protected by British gun- 
 boats. All his glorious dreams have suddenly 
 faded, and the preservation of Nova Scotia to 
 the Crown is all that can be hoped for. 
 Messrs. Bolton and Webber would go a little 
 further in the same direction. They would 
 abandon not only Canada and New Bruna- 
 wick, but Prince Edward Island and New- 
 foundland. Even to their bold spirits Nova 
 Scotia appears defensible, and they would 
 have it held, for imperial purposes only, like 
 Aden, Malta, and Gibraltar. A residence 
 
 among the Nova Scotiana haa convinced 
 them of the unfitness of that people for aelf- 
 government, and they advocate a return to 
 the old system. They apeak with contempt 
 of the public men of the colony, and describe 
 incendiarism, infanticide and homicide as 
 rampant in Halifax, unchecked and unnoticed 
 owing to the lax administration of the laws 
 under responsible government. Dear, tran- 
 quil old Halifax ! Where ia your champion 
 of former days ? Fighting in the same boat 
 with these slanderous subalterns. WbU may 
 they confess having had " misgivings in put- 
 ting forth their book." The amazing won- 
 der is that Mr. Howe can refrain from falling 
 foul of them. If these anticipated battles of 
 theira are to be fought, the British lion would 
 do well not to sit quite so near the edge of 
 the continent. 
 
 Let the people of England not be deceived 
 by Mr. Howe or Messrs. Bolton and Webber. 
 It is not separation we want from England, 
 but a durable connection. We want to share 
 in the councils of the empire, but not by re- 
 turning three or ten members to an imperial 
 parliament of 60O. We know the respect 
 England has for force, and we want to aggre- 
 gate out forces. We want a united govern- 
 ment, so that when the British Government 
 has anything to say it will not have to concert 
 with five provincial parliaments, each with its 
 crotchetty man to call out "tyranny and op- 
 pression." We want aome share of the sym- 
 pathy and blandishment so lavishly bestowed 
 on the United States, and we will give a bet- 
 ter return. Then, when those great outlying 
 portions of our race, which remain attached 
 to the parent stem, are themse .vea organized, 
 we may say to our common sovereign, We 
 share the dangers of the empire in war — its 
 profits in peace ; we have governed ourselves 
 well, we are worthy of your consideration j we 
 ask now for admission into those portions of 
 your councils which concern our common 
 welfare. 
 
 But nothing can be said on that head 
 more appropriate than the words of Lord 
 Durham, the Queen's High Commissioner :— 
 " I do not anticipate that a Colonial Legis- 
 "laturethus strong and thus self-governing 
 " would desire to abandon the counection 
 " with Great Britain, and I look to it as the 
 " only means of fostering such a national 
 " feeling throughout them as would effectual- 
 
7 
 
 8 
 
 '* ly counterbalance whatever tendencies may 
 ** now exist towards separation. No large 
 " community of free and intelligent men will 
 " long feel contented with a political system 
 "which places them, because it places their 
 "country, in a position of inferiority to their 
 •* neighbours. The colonist of Great Hritian 
 " is linked, it is true, to a mighty empire, and 
 *< the glories of its history, the visible signs 
 " of its present power and the civilization of 
 " its people are calculated to raise and gratify 
 " his national pride. But he feels, also, that 
 " his link to that empire is one of remote de- 
 
 " pendence ; he catches but passing and in* 
 " adequate glimpses of its power and pros- 
 " perity ; he knows that in its government he 
 " and his own countrymen have no voice. If 
 *' we wish to prevent the extension of this 
 '* influence it can only be done by raising up 
 '* for the North American colonist Mome na- 
 " tionality of his own ; by elevating these 
 " small and unimportant communities into a 
 " society having some objects of a national 
 " importance and thus giving their inhabitants 
 ''a country which they will be unwilling to 
 " see absorbed into one more powerful." 
 A NOVA SCOTIAN IN CANADA. 
 
 Printed by M. Longmookb & Co., Printing House, 07 Great St. James S 
 
 treet. 
 
massing and in' 
 )wer aud pros- 
 government he 
 ve no voice. If 
 tension of this 
 e by raising up 
 ouiat Kome na- 
 elevating these 
 nunitiea into a 
 I of a national 
 heir inhabitants 
 )e unwilling to 
 powerful." 
 V CANADA. 
 
 et.