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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too Irrge to be . entirely included in one exposure are filmed V beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Stre filmds d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit on un seul cliche, il est filmd d partir de Tangle pupdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. rata lelure, I d J J2X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 TRUTH VryRSUS FATHEE DAMEN A GLANCE OVER EIGHTEEN CENTURIES. " Once read thy own breast right And thou has done with fears, Man gets no other light Search he a thousand years'^ T 'V A W A : PRINTED BY BELL A WOODBURN, ELOm STREET. 18 7 2. iW^HVB^^V^^tal TRUTH VB'IISUS FATHEE DAMEN^ A GLANCK OV'Kll KIGllTKKN CKNI'l'lilliS. *• Omr read thy own breast right And thoti has done with fears; Man gets no other light Search he a thousand rears.'' --••••. ♦- f> 'I' ']■ A W A : PBINTKO BY HKI-L A WOODBUll.V, Kl.OlN STKBKT. 18 72. X *. TRUTH VERSUS FATHER DAMEN. 1. AWout cifijhtccn centuries and a lialf ago the Founder of (Christianity appeared on the eartli. His mission, lie lias liimself declared, was "to seek and to save that which was lost." At his birth, we are told, angel voices sang "(flory to (rod in the highest! Peace on earth and good-will toward men ! " The life and teaching of Jesus bore out the angelic salutation, lie exhorted men to love one another, reminding them that they were the children of a common Father. lie spoke of that Father as yearning to be reconciled to hin rebellions children. Finally, having by his apparent indiflcr once to doctrine and tradition excited the jealousy of the Jewish priesthood — the type of all priesthoods — he was put to death on a false accusation as a stirrer up of sedition, ll'm great crime was that he sought to bring the souls of men into direct union and communion with God, making but little of ceremonial observances or doctrinal subtleties. 2. Before his dcpartui-e from the world he commissioned a number of chosen followers to go forth in his name and carry to all nations the message of God's love, which he had himself delivered within the narrow limits of Palestine. That, he charged them with an^ other message there is no ground whatever for believing. 3. What was the real nature of the Ajwetolic preaching wo know very imperfectly; but so far as can be gathered from the Apostolic writings it was simple and practical in the extreme, — a call to men for repentance and a proclamation of Christ's resurrection, as a pledge of man's immortality. 4. Unfortunately the Apostolic age w^as not yet over when men finding it easier by tar to talk about Christ than to follow Ids injunctions, began to indulge in all kinds of subtle specula- tions as to his nati '0 and various other mj^steries. The docti'ino of "repentance toward God" they found at once too I Himj)le and too ditllcult, ho thoy sot to work t<» lay drnvn tlio iiitollecUjal conditions of Halvatlon, making I'aith a lliing of the head ratlier than of the heart. Interpreting in thin spii-il the recorded declarations of Christ, they hiid the foundations of t'hristian llieology. 5, Years ])asscd on and the .schemes of men, defining vvl)at it was necessary to believe, became more and more elaborate, and more and more contradictory. Eacii IJishop in his diocese endeavoured as much as possible to maintain riniformity of opinion, but often with but little success. The Hishops, unfortunately, did not always agree with one anothei*, and what was accounted heresy in one place was in another place .sound doctrine. Moreover, episcopal fulminations often priKluced but little otfect upon those against whom thoy were directed. The Moutanists, for example, in the second and third centuries, denounced the orthodox with even more vigour than they wore themselves denounced ; and the Xova- tianists in the third and fourth centuries, and even later, boldly proclaimed that the Church was corrupt, and that they alone w->re the true representatives of Christ's doctrine. Ncva- tian was consecrated Bishop of Kome by three other Bishoj)s, in opposition to Cornelius, the rightful occupant of the Sec. and after his death, Novatianist Bishops and Popes continued to be appointed for a considerable time. The world in fact was full at this time of what are called heretics. The great Tertullian was carried away by Montanism ; Origen, in the Kast, was excommunicated by Demetrius, Bishop of Alex- andria, and protected by the Bi.shops of Jerusalem and (.Jicsarea ; Dionysius of Alexandria, about the middle of tin; third century, had hard battles to fight against Sabellianism and Chiliasm. (The Chiliasts were the "Millerites" of those days.) St. Cj-^prian of Carthage had a dispute with Stephen, Bishop of Kome, in which the latter lost his temper and used some very bad language towards the saint. Then in the two or three following centuries there were endless dissensions in connection with the Donatist, Pelagian, Manichcoan and Arian doctrines or heresies — call them what you will. 6. Early in the fourth century Christianity became, bed an 110, through the convcrnion of tho Kmpcror Constantine, tho domi- nant or State religion of the lioman Empire. The power of the State now came to bo thrown into the scale for the reprcH- »ion of all kindw of minority opinions; although Constantius, tho HuccesHor of Constantino, was at one time strongly inclined to favour Arian'sm. The general ef!ect, however, of the estJiblishinont of Christianity as tho religion of tho Empire was, as has been said, to give greater power to the majority in the (Church, and to make lo(;al dissent or indopendenco in any form more difficult and dangerous. 7. From the earliest times it had been customary for the clergy of ditierent dioccfas to meet in synod, and tho Bishoj)s (jf provinces in council. It was not until the year 325 A.i>. that the tirst general or (ecumenical council, known in history as the Council of Nicaja, was summoned. The decisions of synods and provincial councils were held to be authoritative within the limits of the district represented ; and in like man- ner when general councils came to be held their decisions wore regarded as uinvermlli/ binding. This was only natural, and perhaps the next step that was taken was natural, too, in the existing intellectual condition of the world ; at any rate the idea of univirsal obligation, a.s attaching to the decisions of (jecumenical councils, was soon developed into the idea of absolute infallibility. Tho promise of Christ that the ," gates of hell " should not prevail over his Church, was interpreted as a guarantee of the infallibility of the visible, historical church. Strange to say, his promise to be personally present wherever "two or three" might bo 'met together in his name," was wholly overlooked ; at least it was not considered to guarantee any exemption from error on the part of such littlo companies. A Bishop, it was held, might err as to the faith ; many, like Paul of Samosata, were deposed for heresy ; whole councils, so long as they were not general, might go astray ; but a general council was abolutely infallible. This was the first important step in that denioralisation of the human intellect for which the Catholic Church is responsible. A god of human invention is set up on earth, and the decisions of human wisdom or ^//iwisdom, as the case may be, are blas- phemously declared t) bj learoji of tho Eternal. I 6 8. CJencial councils, however, could not bo suinnionod «ivory day nor o\ery your ; and, jih Homo arbiter in tho di.s- putCH which wore ijorpotually ari.sin^, was a serious want of tho Church, the practice became more and more common to refer mattel•^s in dispute to the Koman See, tho superior dii^nity of which had been acknowledged in a very early age of the Church, and whoso dociMions, even when they might not be accopled as fimvl — as tiicy frequently were not — wtill cari'ied very gi'cat weight. 0. Tho Jloman Hishops, however, naturally aimed at still further exalting their position, and they gradually raised their tone and inci-eased their pretensions to the point of claiming absohite headship and supremacy over the whole Chi-istian world. The tendency of the (Miurch during these ages was towards a closer organization ; and the increase in the power of tho Itoman See may be looked upon as part of the general movement. 10. As the organization of tho Churcli became closer, it« doctrine through the dohnitions of successive councils became more and more rigid and complex, ^o one could ever have dreamed that so much (and of such quality) could have come of the simple teaching of Jesus of Nazareth. This enormous mass of hcadwork, these elaborate and cumbrous and self- contradictory theories, these definitions u])on definitions, came to bo regarded as " the faith," — something whicli, it might well be claimed, was utterly above, bej'ond or below, (at any rate out of the range of) individual comprehension, and had therefore to be assented to in the lump, or rejected in the lump. In the latter case, however, unpleasant consequences came to be annexed, — punishment, perhaps tortui-e, in this world, and the promise of an eternity of much worse torture in the next. "Heresy," in these ages, wa.s not at a premium. 11. It is asked with a pleasant and innocent simplicity, where were the Protestant Chui'ches before Luther? The man who can ask such a question, having any knowledge of the means to which the lloman Church resorted to prevent the exists CO of " Protestant Churches," or of any form of opjw- sition to established doctrines, must indeed, like poor Yorick, an he he 1)0- 3k, ho " u fellow of infinite jest, of mont cxcoHont funcy." Why, if it had not heen foi' lire and Hwor.' the worhl wOiild have been full of ProtoHtanlism, taking the word in tlio sense of independent belief in the()lo<^ical matters. JJoad the history of the Albigensian ernsado, more than three eonturios before the llefornialion, and then if you have not a pretty good idea of why there were not Protestant Churthos earlier, you must l»e a hard man to satisfy. If it had not been for a fortunate conc'ii.-i'ence of cireumstaneos — humanly speaking — there would be no Protestant Churelies now ; for the same j)olicy of persocuiion whieh so ott'eitually rooted out "heresy" in the South of France was tried against the JJefornierw ans ond .|^^^H^^^^HD^^H^^^HH^|^^H^^H|^H iich ruct i^^^^^^l^^^Hi^^H^H t i8 ^^H^^^^^^H^H^^^^B^^^H^HH^^^^^^^^^^H^^H^^H y in ked ^^■^^^■^H iver the the ni "^^^■i^l^lB lino for the 1, !)lv i of ver UHt 8ti- igii ^^^^■Hb ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^■^^^■^^^^^^^^■^^^^^H"^^^^^^^^^^^^^H| ^E^