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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmis en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impresslon ou d'illustration et en terminant par la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernlire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE". ie symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvant dtre film6s A des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, i! est fllm6 A partir de I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas. en preciant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. rata 9 telure, id H 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dl <■ f m 9^m 1t' NR- ftROMLEY SECOND ADDRESS, ON THE DEPLORABLE STATE O^ THEINDIANS, DELIVJERED IN THK ■> 1^ •:X'-\.': ^^ Itoyal Acadian School^* • ■*■.•■ ■ ■■ AT HALIFAX, IN NGVA-SCOTIA, MARcuSylSU. V .''•> (• \ .( \i 5 ,) I ^*'WJw siwai not {i*at lApffc, O lAit^y tto^ gWf^ thy name * : l«wtdkal tte^»Be0RD]ER OFFICE, #' "Jfi^ t- % \ TO If IS HONOR. Miij. Gen. Sir Thomas SaumjUieZj PnryJvryT Jtyo CoM:H2iyDER in ChieFj - OF TUB ^ . V . Province of NEW-liau>fswicK. .\ ?'. it IS certalYi that life cannot I»c lonj?; »ntj the probability that ii will b?' iiiUv^li ihottcr than nature all«»w.ij ought lo awaken every jnuu to the active proseontion of whatever he is desirous \.U7ji(»hed for obtdience^ but when in proijpecf ^rf" i'oJnc good, wheth'T narurai orni.?ral, \fc bieak the rules prescri bid Mortis, we withdraw from the dirt cliou of superior wisdom, and are left without excuse, ha- vini; before us through the blessings of i'>ivine Providence tbe sacred Oracles to guitie oitr actions, we musi therefore take all the conscquen*' ces upon ourselves.- In a former Faifiphlet on this important subject addressed to His TxccUency Sir Johna>herbrookeK. R. I (disclaimed every intenfion to flatter, b»\tr may tiefefth6h!38 be allowed the indulgence to throw out »Mclui8cful hints, and indeed alluremants, us may tend to prom^jtc the cau5.c of be^U'volence, and to aronseto more active ( xertion those virtue?, r.ndtalenti, which a large portion 6f the Inhabitants of British America, , ' ivre'^e$erV'edly acknowledged to possess, and of this fact I stiali^be proud r'tftj^i!' my feeble testimony. — - ' '%^ yf>:i sir the sippeathas been recently made, arid the end already niirswered, to the utmost extent of my most 'sairgiiinc exptCtatloii, as the * following pages will fully ahoWyiind it is no small gratificfttiotiy that I feel at full liberty, from your marked kindiicss «ind persoBtd iitteatian, to ' subscribe myself with gr^at humility. Sir, ; Ytftif most obedient, gratefxJl c >* ' • j'D' -i^Ai*" -^ -^r-. , mod .-^eruted-ter vent, ■ : ,An >- ^- ' -■ - -^' -^ • • W. BRO^^LEY, '.. ; ;' / ' : ' 1' ..Ontbetedf^payoftheWelchFusiHcrs *Sir ThomaxSavmfrez xfas Capt.ittdu Grenadier company of the iSnl j?cf^ *r Rifjal fVehh fasUiers in thejtr4 IVtruriih Annerietu^ i^Comi vol/Bi SiiteV [piis 111 )fth ^Viiic •OTiSi idic >oor a( nnpT .r i ' c ' n TO THE PUBLIC. •#•••••• to WHEN I last addressed you in Mason'a Hiill, oh the deplorable statie of the Indians, I endeavoured as far as my abilities would allow, to produce a scnsatiou of comiserationin the minds of the public, and while I e«:rflt the ill success which has liitherto attended my feeb'e efforts on this important subject in this colony, I lam consoled with the thousfht that the house of assembly at Fredricton, in the province of New-Brunswick, has * taken the affair into its serious consideration, and I trust I shall shortly be able t,« lay before you a favourable report of the result of its deliberations, and matured plans for the benefit of these poor negWcted fellow - \ fcreatures ; Sir Thomas Saumere?, the President, and J Commander in Chief of that Province, having rendered Ihis warmest patronas^e and support in the cause of bene? vol^nce, and the Rules Jii)d Regulations of a Society lately established at Fredricton, under the auspices of ^lis honor,hlive been already published. ( See appendix ) My p!-€'se|it object is to prove, the great capability pf the Indians to become a civilized people, the idea of vvhich the white Inhabitants of this colony generally •onsider chimerical and problematical ; some having- •idiculed my efforts to ameliorate the situation of these poor creatures, and have grounded their arguments on ho deficiency of their Jntellejctual powers, and the ex- rfcine degeneracy <>f their morals,butI majr be/permitted lo add with great truth, ths^t as no experiment has yet S(j(^l^ tried to justify their positions, no observations of A ' i ■"%"i/ .y I M .« '^../.' t I this nature can possibly abate my zeal, or soften tTie se^ \crc, but just animadversions of the European stranger or the impartial historian, when they shall nave occular demonftration of their powers and real situation, and as simple facts speak more than ten thousand arguments, 1 shall confine myself principally to some authentic do« cuments, derived from the most unquestionable autho** rity, and divide mj^ subject under the following;, heads : 1. The natural disposition and intellectual powers of the Indians. d. The ceases of their jeidousy and suspicion of the integrity of the Europeans. : .1. Their iideKty and strict observance of the treaties of peace with tbe Eni^Ush. 4. The probability of their acceding to any wise plan that niAy be proposed tor their civilisation, And Lmtly, I shall state the cause pf the failure of the plans hitherto a- dopted by the British Government, or Benevolent Individuals. , GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. Robertson^ the celebrated Historian, observes, *^ After contemplating the rude American Tribes, in var- ious lights,after taking a view of tl>eir customs and man- ners from so many different stations, nothing remains but to form a general estimate of their character, com- pared with that 6f more polished nations. A human be- ing as he comes originally from the haiid of natare, is every where the same. " At his first appearance in the state of infancy, whether it be among the rudest savages, or in the most civilized s<')Ciety, we can discern no quality which marks any distinction o? superiority. The capacity of im- provement seems to be the same ; and the talents he may afterwards acquire, as well as the virtues he may be ^ rendered capable ofexercising, depend entirely upon the «tate of society in which he is placed. — To this state his mind naturally accommodates itself, and from it receive;? its discipline and culture." - ;* Hence we may readily diiscover.the real »?auseof a a. <. {I> .fV [fie se^ 'anger Iccular (and an jnts, 1 tic do- lutho* leads : liatis. Ityoftho ace yritk may be therto a- i ■(5 serves, in var- * d man- , "emains | r, com nairbe- ure, is 1 fancy, e most marks of ini- he may may he )on the ate his ^ceive:* i luse of the wretched state of the Abori^inet of Novm-Scotin^ who as a Royal Duke* very iudiciouslyr .iiIm^i^vm << blend in their ehmractere, all the worst f^atUrti of nidarand uncuitiTated nature, with the vilest habits and manners that can be gathered froiQ the lowest clauses of what is/ennetf civilised sbdetf /' and the fcUowinis^ wordis of Robertson cannot be too often quoted — ^Ke savs« " The people of Nortih America when first di?«ovefed were not acquainted with any intoxicating^ rlrink, but at the E^iropeans early found it their intert^l to sttpply them with spintout liquors, drunkenness soon became as uni- \ ersal amonj tfaexn, as amon^^ their country r..en to the south;' -v^ It is foreign to my purpose to irritate or to cast a shade over the virtues of many of the revrrciwble inha- bitants of this town, whose character tor benevolence I truly appreciate, and who have evinced xh r> sincerity in the recent establishment of soxne Iiisti: ationst whose benefits must be eternal^but permit mc \o add that the o*. ri^inal settlers of the^se colonies have not reflected lustre on the christian character, or honoured the name of Bri- tain, and while we blush for the evils they Liive commit* ted on the poor Indians^ we ai« constraitied to siiy> that many of us who alfifect to use t?>e wxme of christian,show by our examole that we are rjven unworthy to be called Pao;ans, to wliom we as iiritons are Ui^verthf^less in* debted for many of our inv^vhiable civil privileges 5 atid it is only necessary to reifer to the hi-^tory of our couiv- try for Uie truth of these assertions' auil it is not a little ♦Hisl^oyal Higlmfc$itU«Dal«^fKc«t :' V t A scltftol &a the ncvp s%^tvnii of %t)} aai t^JuicasTr?- MV« Uitiit «)n>rtrsi» vphnm he conq^irT«»l. — He ^xUorted the ancient Inbabitants ot''6Ktai<> V'>ruby advice Mn4 ercitmpie to build tewples, atid stateiy houses. He ctn.icd the sons of the nobility io 2W instructed in the Ubcral ar.ts,be had thfm taught the l/ttln lanfrusi^e, i»nd indure.'i them to imitate the F«m;»n modes of dress and living— Thusbydccrtf^sth;^ bafbarowfpec'i^l^brpr. Uiiixrume the aifcaners cf -■" < • t» ."V^-". Issa ry •mi w*<»*^-,*.#- lent tout lansy si- The accoimt given by Cohimbus to Ferdinand ami Issabclla of the disposition ofsome of ihe Indians is ve* ry striking. The people he 6bFervc8 " are so affeclibRate, fu^ tractable, and so. peaceable^ tliat I swear to your High- npRses*^ tliat there is ftot a better race of men. Thoy lovo their nei/?hbo\ir as theihselves ; their conversationis the sweetest and mildest in the worW, cheerful and alwajgr accompanied with a ?mile. A true story from the American Precepter " An Indian wlio haid not mel with his usual 8«c- cess in hunti^j^ wandered down to aj)lantation among the back settlements in Virginia ; anci seeing a Planter at his door, askea him for a morccl of breads for he was very httngry. — ^^Fhe Planter bid* him begone, for he would give I'lim none ^ .^.r;;..,,^^ ^r x , .r.„^ • " Will you give mc a cup ot your beer ''* said the Indian. No, you shall have none hero, replie*x the.PIan- tor. But I am very laint, F^aid the savage. Will you give me only a draught of col J water ? Get you gone, you indiun dog ; you §hall h^ye jaothioi here ^aid.the Planter ' "^ :^ ' ^ •.•.... tf, .p«M-A. ^*Ji,ji<^^- 'iX.tm . ^' It happened some moi^ths after that the PI;int«r w cnt on a shooting p^rty up into tile w6ods, where, in- tent upon his. game, be luissodhis company, and lo«t his "way ; and nijght coming on, he wandered tjiirpuc^tjic forest, till he espied ah Indian wigwam. ' * ^ V ^ ^' He approached tlie savage's habitation, jund ank- ed him to shew hjm the way to a plJEihtation anthatsidc the coiintry.— Itis toojate forj^oi^jtp gptljere this even- ing. Sir, said the Indian ; but if you willancept of jniy homely fare, tou are Welcotite. "He th^n o^qred him sptne vcnisan, ai;i wich other refreshment ias his ^to re a0brded, and having laid samfv t>ear skins for his bed, he dfisired thdi he would repose ^% ■Mf. 'hx\n*^\i for th» night, and he Hould airakr liim early in thr morniDf', and conduct bim on his way. ^^ Aceor ifn^l}' in the inorninn thoj set eflT^and th* Ind^uiled y uu out ofthe tbre8t,and.put him into the rc*3.d Wi'ich hc^ was to pursue ; but just as they were ta- li; n:? I'.ivc^hfe stepped brtVue the Planter, and turninij roui^v^I.isCuimg !Vin in the tbce, asked him whether he re- ccluc^ a Kis features. *^ ri;? Planter was now struck with shame, and con- f^^iei:^ wii^^ti he recogniaed, in his kind protector the Ir.»;i.\r! whim he «o harshly treated. ;. ^, r ^^ Ifcc< TitVss^ed that heknewhim,ani Was ftiH of #^"teiKc$ ?> r uh brutal behavior ; to which the Indian on- Iv ivpiiea ; when yon s^ poor Indians fainting for a c'!p 'v*y cola wjiter, don't say again^get you gone you lu- , '* The Indian then wished him well on his journey, and ieflbim.'^ It is not diflkult to say which of the»e two bad the bci^t claim to the name ofchristian. ;';, . ^ A married Indian squaw having received j^onrie tri- fling civil iiiea from a benevolent lady of my acquain- tance in Fredricton some time ago, took the opportunity about twelve months afterwards of requesting her bus- . 1>andto wa(it on the lady to inform her that she stiU felt grateful Ibr her kindness, and that she had made a ve- ry handsome basket which she intended to present, to her, but fearing lest her husband should not take care of it, or should bretrtc it by falling on the ice, she propo- sed bringihjg itherself the first time she sliould visitFred- rieton, which she did at the expiration of another year, and pr<>duted heat little Imi^et of Exquisite workman- ,• -^ *jn.># p. 'J>- '*The iMSHfaf Hif«s of tV iettiUiadi)H>'^^!«' tii9t«>. niiti ai« v»r« beautiful. 'J- '\'i -^t hir^^vf tu :z'ii t^i^,:^-^ ^ Dia*i)l« tHjte, finU nije v»ry )>f»utifiU. W >,>w'.icr • I ^' pIj in id the the ta- |rnin^ le re- con - Ir the »H of non- for a \x lu- rney, these »e tri- uain- iunity hua- • I felt \ ve- nt, to care ropo- ■^red- year, man- \ 9 The hifttory of Pocahontas the daughter of Powha- tan an Indian king \% very flriking. She wa§ bnt twelve years old. when Capt. Smith, the bravest, the mot^t humane of the fir8t coionistK, fell into the hands of the savages. He already understood their language, had tradGcTwith them several times, and olten appeased the quarrels between the Europeans and I them. Often had he been obliged also to fight them, " and to punish their perfidy. = v. , At length, however, under the pretext of commerce, he was drawn into an ambush, and the only two eompa- nions, who accompanied him fell before his eyes ; but though alone, by his dexterity he extricated himself from the troop which surrounded him ; until, unfortunately, imagining he ««>uld save himself by crossing a morasb, he stuck fast, so that the savages agains^t whom he had no means of defending himself, at last took airxi bound him, and conducted him to Powhatan. • The king w&s so proud of having Capt. Smith in his power, that he sent him in triumph to all the tributary princes, and or4ered that he should be splendidly treat- ed till he returned to suffer that death which was pre- pared for him. ' - ^. ..;.v.. - - The fatal moment at last arrived, Capt. Smith was laid upon the hearth of the savage king, and his head placed upon a large stone to receive the stroke of cJeath ; when Pocahontas, the youngest and darJing daughter of Powhatan, threw herself upon his body, clasped him in her arm«, and declared, that if the «ruol sentence was: executed, the first blow should (kll on her. All savltges (absolute sovereigns and tyrants not ex- crfpted) aire invariably more aifcctcd by the tears of in- fancy, than the voice of h^manitv. Powhatan could r.ct resist the tears and prayers of his daughter. Captain Smith. <^bta!iii»4 Ins life, on condition of faying for lis > u) 10 ransom a certain quantify of musl«*t«, pbwdcr and 1- ron utent9ils ; but how were they to be obtained ? 'Vhey would neither permit him to return to •fanies>T©wu nor let the £ng;lish know wh^fe he was, lest they should demand him sword in hand. . . «^ *v . i<« :;vi . , * Capt . Smith who was as sensible a>? €ou rn f^r^^ns, sa Td, that irPowhataii,would permit oni^ot' his R»ibj**c<8 to car- ry to ffaTHes-town a leaf which he took from his pofket- book, he slK»nld find under a tree, at the day and hour appointed, aJl the articles demanded for his ransojii. 1 Powhatan consented; but Mitliout having; much f»ith in his promises, bclievinpj it to be only an aitifi<'f» oftlj«> Captain to prolon;^ his life, but he had written on tlif' J^^af a few lines', sufficient to give an account of his situation. The messenger returned. The kin^* sent to the pi«ce tixed upon, and was greatly astonished to find evcAy thia^ which had been demanded. 2? ?^,t?rt^:: Powhatan could not conceive this mode of transmitting ♦houijfhts ; and Capt. Smith was henceforth looked upon as a «;reat magician, to whom they could not j^how too much respect. He left the savages in this opinion, and hastened to return home. tfcr r /. h- Two or three years after, seme fresh differences ari- sing between them and the English. Powhatan, w lio no Umger thought them sorcerers, but still tL*ared their pow- er, laid a horrid plan to get rid of them altogether. Hih project was to attack them in profound peace, and cut the throats of the whole 'colony. The night of this intended conspiracy, Pocahontas took advantage of tlie obscurity ; undin a terrible storm which kept the savage* in their t«^nts, escaped from her fathers hoit^e, — advised the English. to been tlieir guard, but conjtn*ed them to spare her fi»mily.; to appear igno- rant of the intelligence slis' had given, and lefmiiiaie ail t he. IV tliilgresiceg by a r.e\v treaty . , , , - . .* , ^1 I fr mmm 11 -»• *■ snd i- They •Town should s, sai'd, tocar- >(>t*ket- d hour OJT». v thiag u upon >w too >n, and €S ari- i\ ho no rpow- ..^ His :ut the as storm m her • •T^no- I I I rt would be tedious to relate all the services which this annuel of peace rendered to both nations. I shall only add, that the Eiif^lish, I know not from what mo- tive^but certainly afijainst all faitfi. and equitv, thought proper to carry lierofF. Lon^fand bitterly Sid she de- plore her fate ; pnd the OB ly. consolation she had, was Capt. Smith, in whom Vliefoun4a sex^ond father. ^ , r* She was treated with ffreat respect, and married to ja planter bv the name of Rolfe, who «oon took her to Euolaudj when after a residence ofseveral years, an ex- ample <»f virtue and piety, she di^d as ^he was on the point of embarking tor A ^ijejica. She left an only son, 1^ ho was married, and left none but daughters ; an^ from them ar« descended some i^f the principal characters in Virfl^inia. •■ ■- .« ■ ^ '^-v '< -^-^ lAW^ .rrU:> vi^o^-? ^^^^f'^vi-.- Tiietra^ical deathof an Indian of the Coliapissa nation (Kays a gentleman) who sacrifice himself for his country anrl^on, I have always admired, as di^playin^ the fi»reateHt heroisim, and placing human nature in the noblest point of view. ' < ^'"-•T-tjl-CT I '^A.^f}^:^^m ^v>fr ', •■ . A Chactaw Indian, having one day expreflsedhim- jaolf in the most rcproacihful terms" of the French, and calling the Collapissaft their doo-sand their slaves, one of th')^ nation, exasperated at his inmrious expressions, laid himdoadonthe gpot. ^^^ ^;^*^^ ^-^^^*^ The Chactaws, the most numerous and the most V ar^iike tribe on the continent, immediately flew to arms. They sept deputies to New-Orleai>8to demand fr,om the Fi^ench gpvernor the bead f^Xhe savage, w^io fled to him tor protection. 1 The gfovcrnor offered prrfqnts as an atonefrtent, but they were rejr^ed W'ith dirdain^and ^hey thteati;ned.t.o cxierminate the whole tribe »f the Col1api{r«i8. To pacify this. Etrcc nation, and prevent the ^^fFi^Aon of blood, jit was ^^ lengtj^ founds Pf^jjirary lodcliver uj> the unha|!py. I^fdii^J^ ^ :/ ^ .,'.;? V^,».H \ -■ »-«*-/^r- -., r„^rf*vt-(i;^ 12 ' ; Th€ Sieur Fcmad, tomroander of tkc German jiofti on the right of the Mipitlppi wit cbarj^ed with the mdancholty commif. 1 %itwacxyoui w^f, in confequence appointed between the fettlemai^f the ColUpiffM and the German ppftt, where the mottniful cjl||^ohy was conducted ia the following manner : The iQanili^vi^iai, whofc oame wat Mingo» was produced. Ifc rofe up, and WlfJ^ly ^P the cuftom of the people, harangued piirpofe— ^V; at If to fay» I fear not death ; but four infant children, whom I mj mother, whom I have long r-l, the ^^embly to toe •* I am a true ma ^ I lament the late of niy' leave behind at a vefy teii< ,, I lament too my :Dlaintaiaed by liunting. ;' Thtm howevtr I recommend to the Freneh, Cace, on their account, I now fall a facriiicc." Scarcely hafy in the facrifice.'*^ n^; x: \ ■ ■'' .■ il^iS on the lif. jre the fdaced. langued ; but ve long n tbeir rangofa foD, «. igorQU9» iqd four on tbc f »1 hlTC he may I hate MS. place J great - foRf his iround the Ufl d to die of Kis iry for 1 h:^ 4 ■ J 23 'k Matiag tliue dcli^Kftd hifltfalf* ke pfafented hia head to the kiaOoiaa of the deceafed Chadaw { and they accepud it. He then extended faimCelf over the trunk of a tree* whcai with a hatchet, they fevered his head from his body. The FrtncU who affifted at this tragedy could not contain their tears^ whild they adoiired the heroic conftatiey of thif ve- iisrable old man ; whoferefbUition bore a refiSmbUnoe to that of the celebrated Rjoman Oratar^ whft|.i«'lbetiiiic.of the trivo;^ virate> was concealed by his son ;* • " A variety of other inftancet might hi adduced to prove the fallacy of the opinions of many colom A;s on the difpofition of the Indians, but the following anecdote fliall fulEee for the prcfeot. '" Joe Martin 9U Indian Chief DOW rcliding ia Ncw.Brunf- vrick was interrogated a ihort time ago by a profcffi«nal gentlC" man who holda an important office under goveramentt ** whether he would accept the commiffion of a Captain among thelfidtanf* which he obfervcd it was in his power to procure for him ? t» which the Indian nude the following remarkable reply« *« now Joe Martin love God, pray to God, now Joe Martin humble* certain not good to make Indian proud ; when Indian prond him forget Godt for this Yeafoa Joe Martin never mull be captain,-— be accordingly dcchacd it. ■' *."w.v./^,;^;. _ :i*it^r.^{s »->«-: What an example to us Proteftanta ( thia poor Indian has ctlibf^ted the Roman Catholic faith> and as a pious miffionary ▼cry |ildicioufly 6b(ierves:in a recent publication, fpeaking of the Indiana of thefis provinces *< it nuxft be (aid to the honor ef the Roman clergy^ that their zeal to convert thcfe pooroMtcafta, ev ceeds ourif." But alas t few are willing to purfue fehcmeS' that have, nothing to recommend them but pure benevolence and fa- cred:philanthropy,'*-«-« We love the Indians- aa far at they con- ^The young Roman wasmost cruelly tortured in order to force him to discover Jii«^ father, who, not ab)« to endure tke idea, that a ston so vir- tnotU) and so generonSyShonld.tbusaotfcr on his aeco«ii^ went and p^e- icntcd hiaig«lftotbeiB»rd«rera,aiid1»cirgedt}iemtoluIlhimand save his fOB.—Thf son roajnre4»them to take AMlife, andsp^e the a«e of hw f«i' tber ; but the soldjiers, more harj^uoiu than )th««i^va|ei^ batchercd thtm buth on the spot, i^., ' ; v ! S*"^-^": '."'T- If . ^aa %l ■ I. 1^' linbtftf v* anf wealth td iiir<*fTll ; we pve them hrtrnfj an^ trcrin for thdr fiinaiwl wo^ki oTiflgemiity— .l>ift wfien tVif foulfy tlieir f iifvhMtal latert^ arc conttrtKSt we are wnlSriig to Ix cj^" If we appfy tliem fir» the faviflfe IiCc, an>d nsrafure sir- f Ct^iiff* i?!nitf of rfiif iio-naii mlii^ in tlwt flate, bf fh?s jlaowerf of man niufl br trjjtrcmrly Timte^ in tlKTtr 0|*eratio«i. M'ita »■««• 1*1ii« Ic an intrvMtidf wiork^ anii die hm4 «f idivh*^ |»ff«rt;rff trav#l!f wob«er*e that^nttfitng eaw 4 '* Wc f^.al! !i!t>iT!)5r we f1»«ii Mcvil and l««fni»i«f fot1h«(?f fdinf rathf^froin mmt'mithanlnfieB^ibilitv, he is itot ttaanin^Uiil of tiie«3auHj» c^ilier^ eiK»- iMfbiii] or ^at«nia^ t<»BtVrM«»M- ^ . -'1 ^ **: Af!r«t*«toni*d friw« ♦IbfPif ''••«?♦'• t«) i«ni«in«'T??1>'*?» ^ird^Wf j«, thry foan Wrowf iini?rrjort*a»cn5e of durur<»r, /triVdrrad of death ; and tb-pir fortiiviiliCt :nijS!aiited br natute atid ttar»iiT/d hv eTdinj^le, by pnfteept and i'r<»i4«u»f»(ji «I1»y-* ; ** ff Ary nrf arttld ind dr^i,tff?iir,and rcaifv ♦« t^iVf rvery ad^antajrip, if t\iej sr£ ccal and dr'Klv<'T*itr! in thrir connr j|l^, ;*»«d (rai»t*fw« i« tbe i^r- tiTine, either «f"di«e«\Tr«n;^ *1*e^*>n)»*nf«, or ftf fer^r^Uriif a serff f, tticy in^^t at te ii^-' fjm^ >.. iwt .^f i^'r^v^fiof ijiralifksttlons ef a more pfiiinat**^ wtjt nr*, of tfti* «a;firfityf»f theiionnd,th<» f>enetfaiS«e ciditof a hffK, rt«* i<*»intrfiiar <^f afox, tfce««T«3?tyofit bnsH'n^ r<>*j, iit<*l |1»e»!«riMt-* I ■•*'■-' ■r 16 Tbcf arc c«ni^mr4 within eke •armw fplicre of vthat Ee <^«t«<« iKcelLiri' iuft (of^ijing him own franet : WbstcTcr hat vot £»incrdafin« to thtrfir, skkithar auntu Im uiUuiiatip mot it the objtcct olf hv im^mne%m Bot however oairnw the hotvivf^* may Itc wifKin wk^'ch the koewScdgc of a Ixtaj^c ii circ»m(<(riihcdl, be pollciCr* thorooghlf tkic Imakl iMMtion of it which he hi* atuif^^. If waa itoc com* tmn&fc»tcd to him hy fcrmal nifti irStJckn ; he ^f>et act aciend to it as tt«ttt«r oil stcfc fprcolatioo nmd totmiitj i h ifr iht rcfolc of ku *a')»t cTXTi^oioiiif cl t&*cir hesre*- ; an J ihrcmi Wncr ]»r4iccrd in r* ^viat tmrafnm!' 3^9 thar %'inroc'S ane^ pbertr %Nrca. A&uaccdhy ihcsCy ttll.i4y l*i»>wflt «vcw «u^aw^j|;rjr» a«<$ cw'&m- tbc K€*d ejqoifiie toitrent*,, orxg^iTi: :i.'.:vii„.vpkm^ hi ii'er ^ovtbc^'^eyraot as a pccfbosl quaUEca.* FcooB r>ke&iceatSb fiow ifeac m^a^^ricWlic rttrvge tcwmit' thofe v^vth wBtetOfi EJ&«;^ are sr war, aMdi. aQ (IW corXrqueot horrori-that •«K%ini«x t&tdir KaaK«'. Their vaeairiviCed min their dit» f»es€(tion?> which aire tocaUy MS^eoSbSe of the com rot of rca&Ki or bciaiafsiRy^ rhey ?ww»w ftoc how to kjrrp thtrr fory within Ci^uii£.iSy iiikkj cndiict^acitcly thftt em»ir»ge i»suS r6£»Iuiion» which Tsrayiild cuhir^'iHe do ihtm hoiM»r^ drgcnetatc into a lavage fere. cfir. mirrdi tSte S:aurS»ntj of the lodiaos io war is proverbial ; h^t in iimt of pcacr^ Wr|>tcaiii j and httniaatty are trait» juftly au^ f.(i» ihetr* <^h»i>^r» Ii i& a jadiiciott» £&yiiig of an eminent ta^velSer dfBAt^gtbeitiy ihat, ** in irnMr «f pracr itogreaCer fricodi^ m tzz^ of war &a greater tt*€uue&^'^ Theft obfcrratsosia arc how- €var i^pHcAhlcwihoiic tiihcfr vha bsTC ha«l fttlcor po iatcr« (TCBSirlc urirb-tbc EaropcsoSw.Bct £b wiah the Indiabs of • New--' Bfoaifffiirk sod Kofjuhcaeiay who aie the iaunediaCe obje£Uof my foiedcndc — thtj have already embraced the Ronvan CAthoHc; f^ith-— chey ha*e had great i aiercovrfe with duEngU^ Cohaiiip coali^t^^nily tlicy cs,r,%Qt bc- £kI^ :o taifit altcjcthcr ia a Tavagf. ! m itfCs linf e wc arc f^nfiMc iblU ibcy bave h\4 afidc masy •£ the b^trtaroHi c4>ilofn» oi tktir aaccftsra^ and aotwitbftandinf the paint that hitfc been takca by siany of tbc cotinuy oicrcbanla or petty tradera lo extirpate tbcnii by the ufe «f fpirttuoua li* ^orar ftill there are many lodiaaa^ whoft cxemplaty eondvA ea- titlrithtm to the regard and eftccn of every tirtnova cbaraAer ia tbffeeolonif I {indeed many of them areaa tcvptrate and induftri- •ua at any of the white inhabhanta, and may be Juftly coAiider- >cd civilized according .to the common acceptation of the «rord« and I am ilrongly fupportcd in thia cpinion by the worthy Prefi- dent and Commander in Chitf, Major-General Sir Tmomas •SaUMBaEZ* and many other refpeftable inhahitanfa in New- Brunfwick> whofe counielaiKl advice, I lately had the honor to obtain.* I (liou)d therefore prefer the plan of dividing them vi\4er two different bead» : — ift. Thofe who may bff termed civiltzedy froa their tem- perate and indttftrious habtti. 2nd Thofc who *^blcnd in their charader fomc of the worft featurca of rude and nncuhivated nature^ with the vilcft habite and ms^onera that can be gathered Irom thelowiftclaflea x>f whalia .Urmed civilised daciety." Ar the former will b« more genera Hy found ia the colony or ^ew.BKunfw^i€k the following anecdotcamay lot be unac- ceptable.. A beautiful female Indian bad been in the cooftant habit of Tifiting an Engliib gcsjicnan*a family at FrcdriAon, and aa they were rather mudcal a Piana forte attracted her attention, and ihc ich particular delight in hearing it plcycd. A ftieoddiip exiated without any interruption for Tome yeara, and the Indian alwayaTpoke of the family with the greateft af* *It ii. ^.remariai^^lact tbatticithcrthe t?d battalion of tbt 8th orKinjES Itenfimcnt, ortteaeamen who marched u ihort time ago to Ca)a&da irotfld have proceeded, had it not been for the asatstinct «fliheln> 4iafia, who w«€e employed by our Comnissorlcs to maVe aiK>^#iitv^and elHr aia^eeircuBBstuDce ought; to inilace vs to ciMnent our fric n^lrtUp with tbeaii. Indeed no otiier facts arenacessary to prove their strong ciaini» on l^ritain, than the Gazette iAc««viits af tbrlr extraordinary good aondiict iaCanada thit wui,. •A- poi WW*—*—*'**'***' V f fS iJR. •.V-ii-:,., " ~ •f the inf the rcnantt QOUI U* iA«r if) n<9uftri- oftiider- c vrordf y Prcfi- NOMAS n Ntw- lonor to ig them cir t«in- he worft ibits and what it > colony >e Unas- habit of at they t» aad ihc ne yearti atcft af* li orKuifES > C^a)t&da if Ihein* ||rtUf>wirb ciaiin»on i conduct I 17 fipction wherever she went. After a lapse of time, she made her appearance at the house, accompanied by ^ very fine Indian, whom ghe introduced as her lusband -r-ile appeared very respectable — he spoke tolerable ^gnglish, but better French, as he was a native of Canada. He observed that he had been induced to pay this visit, in consequence of the repeated solicitations of his wife, whose whole theme was in praise of the family, and the instrument of music which Captain , played, ^nd he begged that he might be favoured with a tune from the gentleman, who however, did not huppen then to be at home, at which the Indian expressed some dis- appointment, but on the lady^;^ requesting one o^Jier daughters to play, he was filled with admiration. The lady at hrst played a quick tune, when he re- qiiested her to accompany it with her voice, but on b«- ipg informed that it was a dance, and that there were no words composed for it, he was satisfied. She then played a slow piece and sang ,which pleas* ed him much— he then examined the notes in the music book, and he readily discovered after a short explana- tion, that there were specific rules to be observed, with- out which the science could not be thoroughly acquired:^ and the sounds of the letters were explained to his satit- iUction. ■ f-'-'.-;^ :::::.- ;i-^: ;£,-i,:-..: ,^L \.. -.■■ :....... ...v • .- ^ , He observed that his wife had riot ^escribed those points, and he was led to believe fi'om her account of (he instrument, that it was only necessary to move the fingers along the keys, and the sweetest melody would^ liQ produced .* He said he was rich, that he had a hpus^, *ThpIndiiinR aire ffmairkably fond ofiAusic, dnd it is a^osiUvc* fact that no white inhab^.tanta in New-Brunswick ran equal thew in ' ^ii^ging sacred music, and they u^^e their own uo^ies in books, wbi^ch are only understood by themsclvt «. 1 liavc also by me an exccucnt specimen^^ of a drawing done Vary readily by an Indiaa without infttniciiaa. ' .\i ■^''■^.. '^ ■ [%: iff b.'>rTirr caws, ftc. anrl plouty of dollMr-^, f!li(1 ivisIi'm! luiKrh to, purchase the Plana forte, which t!)o lamity could not spare, a;^ no other couM he ohtnined. Thefemat** was at thin time rather in an adr-ctnced ^tate of pr^orriancy, and oWrved llial fthe lioptd siie fehonld soon hnve the pleasure of > she said she had bviried her child a fihf boj, and dlC'^^cribcvl the beauty of hiH perso?i and features with snch paternal ali'ection, as evinced the most poignant ^riof, and ^^he lamentvvtt that tlie t^aiilv haiivinj« hiUftyed the Hwst repo i.,.i:i^;';.;Li.:«Ji«.:^; n' ;im! 1.1 ;liikUo • he be 4 ^ >\- , ■ iibtJi^r n(i sad ^})s and lyy^ and s with rngnant t*eii her tlwt he ^ fl tb the ' li ia]lo>v • .• ■ e would ; letter. Wing iu i<^ ha bit .' made tu e Iiatchet colitinac 19 A joini.o- lac^y the wife of an EufrUsh artiWcrv oflR- r-^r uho was on service several years a^o in *outh Amer- ica, was higjhiy amused at the si;;bt of aa Indian whose head was flecorated with feathers acQordiu(? to the cas- tuiue of tho«e people, and she very itnpruderdlj coiu- UKMieed an imnioderatc fit of laughter. Her head was at thiH time alno dressed in the old English lashion^with cushions, powder, Sec. uhich appeareu very ridiculous to iUe Indian, who in<|uired o( one of the sevvanis the cause of her extraordinary beha\iour, wWo on bein^ loJd the truth, hip also in his turn began to laugh immod- eratelj. This conduct is 1 fear too general among the ICnglish towards foreigners, and cannot be too much guarded against. The Earl of Crawford observes in it Tery interesting work on thiu sul)jectthat ^^ not laughing^ at the indians,is one of the best methods to engage their esteem. Tliot^e who are better accjuainted with them tlian myself, are of this opinion. And it is certain that many of them dislike to laugh at,or in any manner ta ri- dicule the white ptjopjc, T^his turn fov ridicule prevails frt^quefltly in the worst persons, and in thosije'Wko arc nM)st worthy of ridjcule themselves;, " The wise and good should be cautiouRof using ri- dicule* • It sometimes imhitters the m'md more than the \; orst injuries." The foUo^vin^ anecdotes related of the Nova^Scotia Indians, who may be coaP.idered thenxo^st depxaved of any, will, I trust, explain in souje me.asure their intellec- tual poM ers. A tav(Tn keeper who resides on the road between Ha - lifr^X and Anna|>olfs had rum for sale at the rate of ]0h. per gallon when the currant price at IIaUf»x w^s Uut (is. pf** in km on a similar ocraKioir, intlre^ the hoofRtj of Uic luitimiuii priu} it» ah tbcir tram» gave ft \v^\ ^imim \%y l^ t^)r^mii^ i^tl4^l ¥i4lh»9M)^ ^V^Jtt. 4^?)ow Fb ^^T^c^^idft*'^ ^^ ^^t ^^*W^^\ amd foiiWH- li?i%>i't« «f life, ^«^i5l^^ ^at fe^^V'^ ^'Ji^ ^rf*^^ %itli %^!c3k >i^i A ^^5i»K*¥ft|5JtTO!ft;^ ^^ «i¥rt.^ ^AXife *'<'>^ tt**!Wi5** KotkA Wot^ M^ft^ i^k¥l ¥ioW 4*efn4t4iK^«n tM 4Wi4:^)^>9^ #\^r^iHa.fe 111 \\iii i^wh^y 'witb m^if^^'imnii ^m^^ in Ibreli^lf ^'tVfe J>dW ilk^liii*^ M^(i ^^ %^ ^b>;-r«r»6f^s ^V^ I ii Vy, •ccrfhpmS54| ^*#i Rrt^Bm» t^k/h '1^vm'&:m^ 22 wise aflministrHMoTj oftlic* celebrated Poiin *' ♦lieKii4>li^)i lived witl^ the liidinns liko innocent lambs, nnd ofuled" voured to itune the ferocity of ♦hc'ir muuners by the ^en" tleneRs gf tlM»ir owr>,'* and Kappy thrice happy would be the reflection h:.(iour countrvinen followed his oxam*' pJe in later times^ but alas ! we see one ofthis ijreat and good man's descendants comjiellcd to iremon,-«trate with the pfovernment of PcMinsylvania on the improper con- dtict sluewn to the sava^e«, by the colonists, Ihm Hrifish 5//^/>r/y, and which c moot be Iw^tter ex^^luiiied than in the followMiff extract from, the Penusylvaoia Clironicle of February 17()8. -s------ phif.adelpiha. ' -^ A 3fessa§;r from Gnxxmor Penn tn the /tssrmhli/, " The a\;ertiu^ an Indian war, and the sad eflects of it were agreed to be our principal obje^'t at the openin"^ of this J5CS}:!iork. I laid before you the causes of Indian discontents, commjjnicated to me by letters from his L\\- jcellency General Oage, and Sir Win. Johnson, in order that adequate legal remeidies might be applied to re- move thorn. '^ The two only causes of complaint I find.mention.. cd in these letters, are the intrusion of our people oa the Indian land, net only without their consent, but in coutradiction to th«ir warmest reraonsitrance^., and the endepvouTf? that have been used to remove thom, and the in -i lilts and hostilities, tkey hjave received from the frontier people^ cUiefly those ot* Virginia, Yet not con- tent with, the causes pointed out \y those i;entteiuen who are certaiuly be^t acqiiaintQd with Indian afiaii's, you proceeded it seemn to investigate others. <* y wouldclwrrtably hope that those inquiries wr#. not taUen np rathexwith ayiewto distract our councils,^ than to Fcmove thje present causes of ln(iia,n dist^atiiife^* (T'. ». ^ry-ft', --: :v->-l;- .!*■ 23 ^* The irt^inlrr of principal cailvrK of disci'intont amonfl^ the Indians. I must conft'ss T am at k U^s^ to conjc^ctare on whMtiiitoHii*'<»nrr yen found voi.r opinion in thi;*par-' tioniar ; but this I well knt w, that tlic six nations Upoii ^ir Win. Jolinson^s layiu;^ bi'fore, and e^f^lainin^ to thcnithiM alluir at my request in the year l7(jt, were so far satisliod, that they received hells firom him on th*^ oc- ca^iob,* and suffered him to cover the graves of their dccoaj-cd l)r<'thren, accordih^ to their custom, si'rtc6 \\hich, I have never hoard that they hav6 eJipKes* sed any diskatisfaction to him on this account — taking it for fi^ranteJ ihi\i this is one cause of Indiah com- pJnint, you go in ycaacc, and reeoidti to the latest posterity^ by tlie bieiotf(y^h'ics-(i4(> wbidi tlii* K'a•■'; '^ ^^-----'ift .*t }^r^7 .■7" - ■ v.-i .1 n \} i' I .:i ' m iftlift^Ktef 1^ *ft^ t ^ftt^ftt^ iftj!*elfijKii^fc if^tuTRip^ yw 4 fim&mX k^im*> yumk %t>€«t H^^sui"©^ \\\^ awn tJi^ prt^^«¥ss wfcteH k m^i ^(>?lata?y ^h? first 9\^e^i% %ftd giiM I^BftU ^^«ft% fftlM up^ by ^\fx mi m it w^iHS armiift^fey Y©W5i fef ft^gl^^ip^ the upw^Fdi ^t Ifewyefti^ %m \ WlA yotvi ^g^ift press wpn ttie th€! iftfttttef ftt# e¥i^mf«?itio«§ ©ff^iftg higher rf^^ w?ird» Ibr fip^i^hf^ftalng th^ Sittthor ^f t*i§m i t)iia ca^- dutt ^f y^ur'^ in wy ©j^ini^^ntkw^n fe not le^^ vn- klttd an^; indt^ent W^rdu ro^ th^n iwp r^dent^, with mp€€t t^ fiiif pr^i^Ht pui^uit^ Ifer T^»ana which ^iv^t tWy art ftueh i^a itfig altfiftth^r improper te b^ h»^j30 pub» JteattW«pnrli€^tefjnnet«!^« -^^it:^'^^*- ** Fn^m i«^f>tiv€i fc^nd^d c^n tli0 mifeJiis f ^edi 1 wp« iadtt^^d t« ^^fer th« f iving y^Hi^ %\m%\ m iwinodiai^ «ft»wfr t^ Ihci rf^quisiwft mA% Vrth r«gii^ ta th^ re- mwal «f iftqwtri^s lifter the prptmtor» ©f thc^l^wcskater mufderti and hid««d 1« p«it poM at Ifatt thci ^piisi^^^- la 3mSB ^WM %' ana iOf and! tric?kte ^€ TOY" iPf the ^ with »? tho - 1^ puh<» 25) scjir.on. ti©n of that matter to a more proper Signed JOHN PENN. In order to elucidate thr above circumstance I shall give an extract from tlielifeof Dr. Franklin, published in the lady's Magazine January 1794. " In TDec. 1762, a circunisti».ni;C which caused great alarm in the province of Pennsylvania took place. ^^ "A number of Indiana had resided in the county of J^ancaster, and conducted themselves uniformt-v as friends to the white inhabitai^ts. Repeated depredations on the frontiers had exasperated the inhabitants to such a decree, that they determined on revenge upon every Indian. :..l./i .. .' ;.:,.. "A number of persons, to the amount of about 120. principally inhabitants of Donegal and Peckstang, or raxton townships, in the county of York assembled, and mounted on horseback, proceeded to the settlement of these imrndess and deienceless Indians, whose number had now been reduced to about 20. The Indiana receiv- ed intelligence of the attack that was intended against them, but dishelievirtg it^ considering the white people as their friends, the?/ apprehended no danger from them. " Vrhen the party arrived at the Indian settlement they founil oiily some women and children, and a few old men, the rest being absent at work. They murde r- ED all whoiathey found, and amongst others the Chiof Shahaes, who had been always distinguished for his friendship to the -vi'hites. This bloody deed excited much indignation in the well disposed part of the com- rnuniiy. • f^- '•'^' - .^«» ^ *^ The remainder of tliese unfortunate Indian«,wuo by absence had cj^caped the massacre, were condTicted to Lancaster, and lodged in tbc >joal cs a placi^of 80- cun ty. rp U iM f)*. 'fM a •i^ it an ' I' I ! I -■1 Si?;. ■^ ^r m 1 :t ■ 2(5 , ' '^ Tii> Govf^rnor indued a proclamation prpressfno^ thr strone^ost disapprobation of the iiction, ofFenng a re- ward for the discovery of the perpetrators of the deed, ;uid prohii>iting all injuries to the peaceable Indians in f'ltur^. *^ Bnt nolwith'^tandiuji^ this a party ofthe same ???c;/' (;ie»Tioh«) " shortly after marched to Lancaster, broke^ open the ^aol, and inhumanly butchered the innocent I n^ (Iia}i!f\ who ha., '^ The Quakers whose principles are 6p|5of5ed to (liXhtinfi: even in their own defence were most active up- on thi« occasion. Y*^ii. ^ ^^ i^»-.hi ^c ** The rioters came to CcrttMntowa. Tkt Governor fled for fafcty to th«. houfc of D^^. Ertnklin, who with foine othert advanced to meet the Paxton boys, aft they were called^ and had i.ifJiiencc enough to p.revailupot) them to rclinquifli their uader- taking and return to. their honjes." S»mc pcrfona.prefent may be inclined to inquire, what had "«v* to do with t.'ie Paxton boy«, ^r the murder of tfce Indians, «'hydoc« this man harrow up oiw feeling*, who were not in ex- iii^cnce at the time ? I anfwer, it is true, probably yoo were not, but on referring to the fcriptures-^oiitwiU Sftd that God has de- clared that he will vift the Jim of ihefathtrs vfon'thg iMldren unto the third and fourth generation^ ajid sugbt Wic iv^t thcfcforB to en- y several persons who w^re standing on the adjaccQt shore, whose anrnti«tr tiad been caught by the singularity of the appearaneo of a oanoe in J«jcha part of theriver.-^TUe violent motion of the wavM soon u^voke the lnd;an , lie. started up, looked wildly arouwd and perceived t__^_-^^' ^:^^:-^i.^'. !red Lo- he came laft long advocate n try men nd vf the had k ftfprir;, of Li>- of any I have my coun- irbour a felt fear. there to >re, whose anec of a avM seen pcrceiyji'd 29 *^ I haec been lately informed by fome of the moft rcl'pec- table inhabitants in New-Brunfwick who rcfided a confiderablc - time in the United States, that in New England £^q reward wat offered to any perfon who would kill an Indian about the begin- ing of the laft century, and that, many of the coloniils never went to plough without a mufquct for the exprcfs purpofc it i» faid of killing the Indians, added to which it mud be univerCally admitted that they have been deprived of that country peculiarly, their own, which gave them birth, and which they had inherited from antiquity* and fenfible as they are of this fa<^, I am loft in aftonidiment that in the uncivilized date in which we fee many of them^ they have not waged perpetual war againft us. * ' '" 'Tis true many hon iWe maflacres hi^ve been fommitted by them, and the abominable cuftom of fcalping cannot be fufficiently execrated, but again when we confider that they are but fava- ges, and that this barbarous cudom was probably praf^ifed by the Jews from an cxpreilion in the 68th Pfalm 21 verfef and ai various authors are alfo of opinion that the Indians are defcended from the ten tribcsX will plead powerfully in their favor, partica- his danger, instantly 8*>izedhisp«dtllp,ane of no avail in stemming tlte unpettiosity of the c»rrent, i»e with greut 'omposiire put aside his paddlff, wrapt himself up in his blanket, and a- gain laid himself down oil tbe bottom of the canoe. In a few seconds h,e was hurried down the precipice b^t neither he Kor his canoe was ever Recn more. /-^ '■ 'C It is supposed that not more than one third of the different things that happen to be carried down tlu falls re-anpears iit the botU>m. •Many ' ■ ^ '^ the Indians, ^' Propriiim ^ ^^,^ ««.>,^^ „^.« . man natare to hate the man whom you have injiired. t" But God Khali wound the head of his enemies, and the hairy scalp of such an one as goeth on still in his trespasses." jTbe celebrated Pean, Adair» Fabe.%andthe Earl of Crawford A' •^'• «re of this opinion, and they may have passed over from the Continent of Asia, to that of America at Heering's or Cook's straits, which arc syid bj Ledyardjto be but fourteen leagues over ;-— the Mohegau lana,u.jftn i»«;arly coincides with the Hebrew in the pronouns an>iM so \ hrly when we acquaint ouifelves with ihefe«blc means tltaJL have httn taken h vs, to render thcnn ufctul mernberi of ftciety ;— Indeed the deplorable (latr in which we fee thefe inaftcnlive crea- tares, in this province, refltAs the decpeft diigrace upon all of us, and in the proportion chat it does this, it necclfarily brings upon our motUr country, the fcvtre but juft anioiadverfiuns of the incpartial hiftorian^ and furely no droogcr illudration of our negligence is Dcccffary, than that many, of theia treat the awful fabje£i of death and a future ilate, with equal indiiTeience, and yppear to view the former, at the only proipe£i of cmancipatioa from wretchednefs and mifciy.'— So that whether we view them as Jews ojr^BTntiles, or 1 may add animals of the brute creation, they ar^ entitled to more regard than is generally paid to them, had Divine Providence even placed them like Nebuchadnezer in the fituation of the latter^ There arc however forae extraordinary fafts exiiling, of the wonderful intellectual powers, of the Indians which i^vcr could have been furpaffcd in the mod romantic age,and which io. myhumble opiuion places them in a very Superior point of view,^ •nd the following ftory is one of the many which might be related. Indian G^nerosify, from Bartram*s 7rat>els^ *< On a fudden an Iridian appeared croffiiig the path at a confidtrable diftance before me. On perceiving that he was armed with a rifle, the iiift fight of him ftartled me, and I endea- voured to elude his iighl by iVopping my pace, aivd keeping large trees betvvsen ub, but he efpied me, and turning Yhort about, ict fpurs to his horfe ;f and c&tne up on full)|;allQp. I never bc« •Some readeri! may be inclined to r.cncludc. that I sw^pfrt tboir Jadgmcnt by dfspr;bi«s Kftmimitely tU« infcllectiial poweis uftlic Indi- ans, bttt they will no doybt cease to ccnaure when 1 avSKuie tU«;m chat Iliavi> fa^ard^pfr&oDs who ui^ive in thcj fir»t onler of *upicty in thifc town, declare befovi^ very numerous and F««p€:cial)le compaiiks, that the In- dians were in their opinion a vt^ry inferior race of mankind in point of intellect^ and on ona occasion a gentleman observed ,iu the most i*adis< gutsodmanner that the «oon#i' they w«re io^tirpated the better in order to make room lt>r tl)e whites^ who were more indostrioub and ialelU^ftut thanthfy. . tXhe Indians in the sonthern States of Amtniea are mounted. "t^S^-*^-- \ ifii have ety ;— ve crca- all of y brings fiuns of of our \c awful ice, and icipatioQ ew them :rtation, ;o them, nezer in Ring, of :h never which io. >f view,* : related. lath at a ; he was I eodea- ng large lOut, ict ever be- if'ct tboir the todi- ;U«»i ilmt hifc tOAvu, It the In- po|at of ost iifidis- order to ai-f' 'Tf mm wm mmm mmmm mmimmK PMHWM .\ ■w^ M F, j r'l 'i '> 32 ihcm who wcrt born in the colonies have evinced ffich ap«thy and diflike to the Indians, that I could readily difcover they had imbibed thefe impreflions from their infancy, and a married lady in St. John, told me a few weeks ago, that fhe could not bear the fight of an Indian, for no other reafon than that (he had been told, when a child that they fhould take her away, whcncTcr flie committed a fault — but (hall neither the cries of the hungiy and naked infantr or the lamentations of the poor forlorn favage worn down with age and infirmaties, nor the MaJ4(ly of the Brt* ti(h Empire, rcftrain the cruel animadTcrflons of many in the higher fituations of life, who moft aiTuredly will rcfled with fad remorfc, at the great and awful day of retribution on their patl conduft towards the Indians, unlefj a radical reformation fhall take place in their minds, "^ and while the anxiety of my heart is breathing the perpetual figh for the attainment of the happincfs, and progrefiivc improvement of fo large a proportion of my fel- low creatures, I hope my condu^l will be viewed by the greater number of the inhabitants of Halifax, with that candor and dif* pafiionate rcfpef^, which is due to the importance of tha fubje£t, Und it becomes the imperative duty of every individual in the community to aid and alHd in the great work, i hope I have not deviated from that dccorim which the friend of religion and morala (hould carefully obferve, when fubmitting his thoughts onfuch a fubjeft, much more do I hope the feeble manner in which I have hitherto pleaded this caufe, will not induce you to remain any longer inattentive to the wants of thefe too-long neg- le^ed fellow mortals. But it availftlittle to point out evils without recommending a remedy, and the firft great obje^ is to convince you of the im- portance of the fubjedt, and the majority of an enUgbteaed, and I may add generous people, on a fubjed which tkey underftand will fddom a^ wrong. ^* , *I*ro\'crbs 14: 20: " The poor is hated even of his own nf ighbour" •Proverbs 17: 5: "Whoso macketh the poor reproacheth his maker.*' ]ProverbsS2: f2: 33: "Rob not the poor, becaate be is poor, neither op- l^ress themfflictfd in the gate," " For the Lord will^ilead Uwir ciause, •andspoi! thi; bouI of those that spoiled thorn." *'* ''■■'' *^'^' *^* •eww^'j'esasgra 3d L A -» * M * #* ,'A When ire view the amaziri*^ extent of territory, set- tled and unsettled in British America, when we contem- plate the population of future ages — the changes to be wrought among the Indians in the useful arts, in agri- culture, &c. to provide and protect them^ from the preca- rious reliance on the chase for a scanty sustenance, and the effect of one rational system for their general happi- ness, our mindtj dilated with the great idea, will realize a liberality of feeling, which leads to a rectitude of con- duct. ^_ Without taking a retrospective view of the primi- tive right of the Indians to these territories, I shall con- tent myself with pointing out the tenor on which they are held by ourselves, and should it appear evident to you that we hold them by the strongest caarter that can possibly exist under the established laws ofnations,then we may naturally inquire whether the Aborigines may be considered our Allies, or subjects by the right of con- quest, and if (he latter, whether we are bound by every principle ofjustice and humanity ,not only to protect them from the attacks of their enemies, but from hunger and the inclemency of the weather, and indeed to treat them aa British born subjects in every respect whatsoever. On referring to the national records I lind, that by the treaty of Peace, concluded at Utrecht Slst March 1713 between the (5 ueen ofGreat Kritaln, and'theKing of France (Article 12) it was agreed *' That all Nova- Scotia, or Accidia with its ancient bbundaries, also the City of Port Royal, then called Annapjolis Iloyal, and all other things in thoseparts,whiclidepend'oii the said lands, should thereafter be possessed alone by Britinh^ subjects ; and All right whatsoei-er, by treaty, or by any^ other way obtained, which the most christian king— the "^own of France, or any of the subjects thereof, had Iii- V ■''V *!■» ' ^.,jfc- -^^-^^i^teHii,^,^- -■*>'"■ rs"''!- ..;-».*».» vt -;-■!. ■ ii* R- ( lii: t ; ili 34 ■ tlierto liad to Ihe said lands, and place?, wa-* by tht same treaty, yielded and made over by his mo^i christian Majesty to tlie Queen of Great Britain, and to her cro\in forever. *'• That the country Iving^ between Nova-Scotia, and the ancient Province of Maine which was granted by Kinff Charles the 2d to the Duke of York is, by the ori- ^inju grant thereof, bounded by the river Canada. ^^ And by the Charter granted by the inhabitants of the Massachusetts Bay, by King William and Queen Mary, that river is plainly supposed to be one of the chief boundaries of the lauds thereby granted to them ; it being therein expressly provided. " So that the river Canada, being the natural and great boundary between theBritishanu French Colonies, lying to the eastward, has been, and ought to be at all times held, and insisted upon as such by*the English. " That by the Treaty aforesaid (article 15) the Five Nations or Cantons of Indians were declared subject to the dominion of Great Britain. Ui ,: " That these nations being declared subject to the dominion of Great Britain, by both crowns, the domini- on in chief over all their country must according to this treaty, necessarily of right belong to the Crown of Great Britain only; excluding, utterly, the King of France from all rule and dominion therein. '' That the Lakes Ontario and Erie, which taken to- gether, extend from east to west near ^\e hundred miles, and the large countries lying to the north and south sides thereof, extending southward unto the other territories of his Britannic Majesty, belong to the Iroquois or five nations, and by consequence, the sovereignty over all the said lands and waters appertains to His Britannic Majesty." r.p****"*^!*"****''* ' 35 :u::: :•> The above document is in mv opinion eonclusiveais to tlie right of •sovereignty, and wnethei the Indiana roi #. under tlie denomination of Allies, or British subjects in their own opinion wiU avail little, as I fancy the period of discuBHion (if ever it should take place) im very re* mote, and the right of possession is certainly fully es- tablished by £ngliHh subjects whose population in all human probability will be immense, but the follow-, ing treaty of peace* which I procured from the Indian . . Chief Augustine in Fredricton may give rise to a varicjty of conjectures on the subject before us. " A treaty of Peace and frif»ndship concluded }jy his Excellency Charles Lawrence, Esq. Captain General & Governor in Chief in and over his Majesty's Pro\ ince of Nova-Hcotia or Acadia,with Michael Augustine,Chief of the Richibouctou tribe of Indians at Halifax, in the Province aforesaid. *' I Michael Augustine for myself and the tribe of Richibouctou Indiansof which I am Chief, Doacknow- ledge the jurisdiction and dominion of His Majesty King George the second over the territories of Nova- Scotia or Acadia, and we do make submission to hi^a- jesty in the most perfect, ample and solemn manner. "And I do promise for myself and my tribe, that I • nor they shall not molest any of His Majesty's subjects in their settlements as already made, or that may be hereafter made, or in carrying on their Commerce or in any thing whatever within this the Province of his said Majesty or elsewhere. **And if any insult,robbery, or outrage shall happen ♦The Ckief An^ii8tine lent me the original treaty to copy in a tavern, and I was much pleased with the coniidrnce he placed in me, as well :,* the openness and candor with which he conversed. He left the treaty with me to copy, while he retired t-o another room to take some rcficsli- ^ent ; — this is by no means cnstomary with thelndians. 5^ -^ -, ■H ki ♦■I !V t ,f- .- 30 • to be committed by any ofmj tribe, natisfaction anut on the contrary will do our utmost endeavours te bring them back to the company, regiment, fort or gar- rison to which they shall belong. ^^ That if any quarrel or misunderstanding shall happen between myself and the English, or between them and any of my tribe, tieither I Hor they shall take any private satisfaction or revenge, but we will apply fbf redress according to the laws established in his said Majesty •s dominions. v^--. -^ ^.; . ,;vA.a " That all English prisoners made by myself or my tribe, shall be set at liberty ; and that we will use our utmost endeavours to prevail on the other tribes to do the same, if any prisoners shall happen to be in their liahds. " And I do further promise for myself and my tribe that we will not either directly or indirectly, assist any bP^be enemies of his most sacred Majesty King George the second his heirs or successors, nor hold any manner of commerce, trafic nor intercourse with them ; but on the contrarvj will as inuch as may be in our power disco- veir and make known to his Majesty's Governor, any ill nesigns wliich inay be formed or contrived against His ?iajcsty*6 subjects — And I do farther engage that we will not trafic, barter or exchange any commo- dities in any manner, but with such persons or the managers of such lrucl(-houses as shall be appointed or established by His Majesty's Governor at FortCum- berland, or elsewhere in'?f ova- Scotia or Acadia. J M liifci "iTiiaii 37 " And for the more effpctuol wcurity of tli^ due per- formance of this Treaty, nrid every part thereof. I do proraine, and cn^ai^e that a certain niimher of persons of my Tribe, which shall not he lenn in number than two, •hall on or before the 24th day of June next, reside as hoKta^esai Fort Cumberland, or at such other place or places in this Province of Nova-Scotia or Acadia, om Khali ne appointed for that purpoRe by His MajestyV Gover- nor of said Province, which hostajE^es iihall be exchange ed for a like number of my tribe when reouested. " And all these foreffoinff Articles ana every one of them, made with His Excellency Charles Lawrence, Esq. His Majesty's Governor of said Province, I do promise for myself, and in behalf of my Tribe, that we will most strictly keep and' observe in the moft solemn manner. " In witness whereof,! have hereunto put my mark and seal, at Halifax, in Nova-Scotia, this tenth day of March, one thousand seven hundred and sixty, ancl in the 33d year of His Ms jesty's reiffn. (Signed) « MICHAEL ^ AUGUSTINE.'* " I do accept and agjree to all the articles of the foregoing treaty. — In faith and testimony whereof, I have signed these present;;, and have caused my seal to be hereunto affixed, this 10th day of March in the 33d vear of his Majesty's reign, and in t'leyear of our Lord 1760. Siffned "CHARLES LAWRENCE. I " By his Excellency's Command, > P "ReezeBulkley, l^ec'ry." \ Hence it appears (Vom the most unqualified testimo- ' ny that the Indians do acknowledjure the jurisdiction of ttis Majesty the King of Great Britainj whatever maf be adduced by the ignorant to the contrary. I shauL. therefore henceforward consider them as liritiyU sub- \ :.4i »• ■WMMMHH ^n 'i ' jectfi, aiid viewing them in this li^M, a question natu- rally arises whether we are not cailedl upon by every principle of humanity, and even common morality to ^solicit all V 'lo have hearts to feel for human woe, to u- nite their etlorts under divineProviden**-?, and endeavour to check the miserable progress of these outcasts, whom we daily see exposed to the elements, half clothed and half fed. " To them, few of the alleviations of sympathy, are administered ; shunned or despised by the good ^ the bad, all their retrospect of life is mingled with bitter anguish, and all their prospective with despair." And Jf we are Natisfied as we no doubt are, that the Indians have ob- served with a scrupulous exactness the terras of the exciting treaties between both nations, they surely have a claim to the same support under the wise adr^inistra- tion ofour excellent laws, as the poor of our own coun- try, who have re«;ular establishments allotted them in their respective parishes, where their necessaryand* n- mediate wants are supplied^ and I doubt not but that the allowances that are distributed under the direction of His Excellency the governor, thro' the the secretary of the province, and the sums that are daily contributed by the benevolent pnrt of the comraunrty to those who soli- cit a!ms would be more than sufficient to defray the ex* pences either of an Asylum, or even settlements if they could be collected by tribes, and I am authorized to as- sure vou, that under the wise administration of Sii' Tho- mas Saumarez ; the Indians in New- Brunswick have al- ready anticipated his benevolent intentions on this sub- ject, and have applied for a grant of land contiguous io FredrictoUj where thr^ are solicitous to obtain 3uch use- ful information from us, as may tend to promote their |[.*iyilization and happiness^ and i haye the sjtrongest iisv VA kS- mmm ■iMdM 3n natu- >y every rality to oe, to u- idcavour ts, whom thed and athy, are !6 the bad, anguish, if we are ave ob- s of the ely have ^inistra- vn couB- them in jrand' n- but that [lirection retary of buted by "^'ho soli- ^ the ex* » if they ?d to &s* Si.' Tho- have al- his 8ub- ^11 oils io uch use- te their jffest ass iuranccs from the chiefs in New-Brunswick, that they! »re not averse either to the dress or habits of the Eng:- lish, and I had occular demonstration of this fact, as one of the chiefs ofthe Richebouctou Indians who wai'c i oit me at Fredricton, had been in the constant habit of dres- sing exactly like an Englishman. I however admit as I before observed in my first pamphlet on this subject, that it will require no 'Sniail degree of wisdom to adopt a plan for the elfectual, or e« ven partial relief of the objects in question, but Home- thing must actually be done, and done immediately, o- thcrwisethe total extinction ofthe Indians particularly of this province will be the inevitable consequence of delay, and I do therefore propose that a corresponding committee be now appointed to co-operate with the society ritFiedricton, of which SirT. Saurnarez is President, and I doubt not but that after the opinions of both societieB hhall be obtained, the public will ultimately be furnish- ed with such matured plans, as shall meet with their ap- probation and support, but the following short advice from my friend who does honor both to the character of a benevolent Christian and a distinguished title may be acceptable to us all. . Speaking of the Indians of North A mcrxca to whom he is a wairm friend, and in pc inting out plans for their relief, he obsierves that '4he diffei*ent secti ofChrisfians sluould bear and forbear with each other. The true Church of Christ may consist ofthe sincere in all religi- ous persuasions. Those who baptize, and those who ne»» gleet baptism, if they do it, or do it not, unto the Lord may all ne acceptable unto him. If any administer the Sacrament of (Christ's supper in a proper and becoming mtnner, they should meet with no opposition or ridicule from their fellow christians.^' J *^i'^ ■V '■' * •' \ ^ ' '1 V v4' M- i S*^%.=<-K-;_ffl«L.^A>, , ;-■ '*?*. lu I , . -^ ^ • ■ • 40 " On the other hand if any from it tender conscr* ftitce, and fearing that this holjr rite may not always be duly administered would wish for the present to decline it, they should also meet with forbearance. We should endeavour according to the Apostle, not to divide Christ.''^ . , The following wordrf of St. Paul deserves more attention than has been given to them by modern chris- tians. " For ye are yet carnal : for whereas there is among you envying, and strife, ftnd divisions^ arei ye not carnal and walk as men ? For while one saith I am of Paul and another of Apollos, are ye not carnal ? Who then isPaul,and whoisAuollos but ministers by whom ye believed^ven as theLord gave to every man? 1 C«t J^ 3, "It is wrong to be too strictly confined to k-ny sect. The names of Luther, Calvin, Barclay, Wesley" (and I may add Whitfield) *' deserve to be mentioned with great respect, — they were fallible men however and were all inferior tc Paul, and Paul himself toChrist,who is appoirted by the Almighty to be the head of the Church. We should inflexibly contend for the practice of the essential duties of religion, without too moch attention to unessential forms und ceremonies. . " Religion is truly b^utlful, when it is understbof • with judgment, and practiced With sincerity ^ It dot* not seem worth while for christians to irritate one ano- ther about such trifies^ as thou or^dtrin'c6mm6n conver- sation.. Custom may mdike one or the other the nomi- tiye or accusative case, the singular or the plural num- ber. Such things as these are like the dust in the ba- lajnce we should attend to the weightier matters'of the lawyji'idgment mercy and faith. '" That Christianity is worthless' ' or coutiteift't which is not mingled with the spirit of universal chirity. This charitv thiiuceth no ill of its neighbour's faith which *fei - -A ..**^-'^-- mMMiilltii 41 18 enveloped in the heart, and the reallilj of Ihfe aflTecta^ tion of which is known to God alone. Charity tiever says to its neighbour, I will consider you an outcast if you adopt not my mode of worship, and repeat not my form of Delief. Where true beneticience dwelli in the soul, a diversity of reli{;ious belief is ho impediment to its operations.* i. ... *No person inBritlsh America can be ignorant ofthe opposition I snct with in my elforts to do good in this colony, had it however not been the case Ishould naturally have snppoted they were very defective^ as every good work and labour of love must neeeskarily meet with opposition in iht present depraved state of society. I must confess, 1 anticipated some sharp phifippics from a fcTt car- nal lawyers, school masters, and some other professional gentlemen, on the score of self interest and filthy iucre,and I bav^ aot been disappoint- ed — the storm is hovtrever somewhat abated — this reminds me of a peri- lous situatio** in which I was once placed, in the Island of 8t. Pouting«, when fighting I'orKingGeorge against the negroet» — 1 had the command of a rear guard of the 23rd regt. when assailed by some sculking parties in the woods on returning to the town ofPori-aU'Prince,then in our posses- sion, a considerable body of these Brigands vvere descried from the gar- rison, and a thirteen inch shell was fired at them, which b«rst in tb.e air exactly over me and my guard. Some person observed ** Bromley and his guard will be destroyed," b«t he was mistaken, not a hair of our heads vere touched, although the splinters of the shell fell in every direction iround us— rtkis was an infernal as well as an internal foe, and sotnc^of tlia anonymous writers may certainly be considered of the latter description, but thanks be to God they have not injured me. A few have opposed me on the sc«re of my prcfefision as a soldier, others on account ofm^ religions cpibiens, and some for having (a»they preteitd to say) no religion at all I however think my sentiments are as orthodox as need be, and yet I am a sort of jspeckled bird in society. . ^v, , '^ I am a tnighty regular and steady churchman, but pass among stich as a '^ Diiunter uyithin tht Church" and many of the dissenters think me defectiveeitlier in understanding or in conscience for staying where lam — ^thtMethodists v^rho are a middle party may, also look at me.with a jea- lous eye,b^causeIdo not join their society itherc are however a fell amon^ all parties, ^fko bear with inc and respeoinitf, **butso far as tltey lovs tk* \ Ji ii'- .1 ' ~''**'">^'-^"r7i ! \'\ il N* -'''•• it ifl the duty of chiiftiana of all detiomiafitions tu point out to the Indians by every pofiible means, the advantages of ccJn- ration, of pure and undefiled religion, and the comforts of civili- zed fociety, could we fccurc thofc moft important objects the work is done, and the fimple procefs of teaching, which I have had the honor to introduce into thefe provinces is peculiarly a- dapted to their capacities and rcftlefs habits, and furely if little infants of between two and three yeara old have been taught to fpell by the newly inventedTelegraph,wc may be aflured that cheludi- anp of all ac:bject8 the ich I have culiarly a* e!y if little ghttofpell at cbeLidi- ng and wH- il» which I ens of their ady or per- (hem into ip^h »tton2:or gor(t€OU.s pa- ttiat it inho* -leave not a doctors" or ect to parties. thodists, Ro- t such times W'lmt do yoii volentChristi- linioos would lat prevent to- ic, and tlierr ubject, of the of the Houfp delivered the I in during thc| my iod|^ingi^ which wa« feldom the cafr (to their (hatnc be it faid,) I always found the Indians remarkably quick and intelli- gtfnt : and I am perfectly fatibfied that fome of the boys would have become thoroughly acquainted with our alphabet in the courfe of 24 hour), had ihey been pernnitted to have remained . with me» but whenever any of t! em have been invited by me in- to private lodgings^ or even a Tavern in order to offer them re- lief, or to obtain information from them, the frowns and indigna- tion difcoverable in the countenances and manners of th« pro< priecors betrayed the real fentiments af the people towaids thcfe poor inoffenfive creatures, nor can thefe imprelHons (as I have before obferved) be readily removed from the niinds of many of the preftnt race of colonids (by any human effort) who have im« bibed them from their earlieft infancy, and who certainly could never have been taught that ^ Godmadt man in bis own image i| and thai he is ho refpector of ^erfons. * Some perlons have obferved that the Roman Catholic clergy v/oald throw every obftacle in the way in order 10 oppofe any propofed plan for the benefit of the Indians, not immediately un- der their fuperintendance, and that, that eircumftancc would prove an infurmountable barrier to their civilzation, but this idea^ is as groundicfs as it is uncharitable, and if the worthy pallor of that perfuaiion in this town hat joined the committee of the A- cadian fociety, and has rendered his warmed fupport to the In- ftitntioH, we mud earnedly contend that if he fo charitably ren- dercd his pecuniary and perfonal aid, and has alfo permitted us to '*Thi8 circHmstance remlidH me of an anecdote related to me by a very intelligent inhabitant of this town a native of Scotland — " He *ay8 tiiatabout the middle ofthe last century theHij;hlanders ofScotland were hold in siu^h contempt by the other inhabitants that they were not even Sfiffered to sleep under the same roof with the farmers, who were in the habit of employing them at day labour, but were compelled to retire to burns or other out houses. The establishment of schools, however spee- dily removed tills prejadice;"and I sincerely hope and trust that a si;m* lar Gli4n»emay shortW take place in the eoudition ofthe ludiano. ~ .: .;r 1! .V J \¥. % '-V ','* . li i rrT7^?J5^ '■t*'..— .,»^J. ll'Mfc fcMtoiii*Wa abfvfd, as hiany of the Coloniils nov fpeak the Indian lianguage tolerably well, and many Indians verv gopd Engliih. There are befides feyeral publications in the languages pf various Tribes, fuch as the Bible i\\ EfquimauXjand ^;'.'-4- ;r r\ V- wmm 45 ■■"% I have now in my poiTcflion a mod excellent edition of the book j, oFGenefis, the Gofpel •( Saint Mathew and Mark, and the com- mon Prayer Book, in the Mohawk, at alfo a very com prBt. JO Indian children, arc indented for ihc term of three ^i: » .M I r.^ap;^ ?« ^ iw * "j"^*»' » ^t?'y"!l i i pil l i iiilii»i>' ■\' years by that fociety, to various farmcra in ihc ncigbbourhood of iSuHcx Valet nnd that an injur^tion i» laid on each rwader to teach them to read and write. Both pbns are objc6tional {or many rcalbns— I difapprove altogether •f the children bcingtaken trom their parents, and many iniiancea have occurred of their having been demanded by thtm to the grtat annoyance of the agcntvand mailers, and unlcfs we change the habits of the parents in fome nieafurc as veil as ihofe of the children, the delightful and reci- procal attachments implanted in otu nature and imbibed from our earlied infancy towards our relatives (without which man would be a (lave, and his life not worth prcftrving,)will forever preclude the poflibility of their general civilization, and I am not a little furp fifed to find, that there are not a few of the mod refprdtable inhabitants oftb« provinces of New- Brunswick and Nova-Stotiay who have adduced h6\s of children returning to their parents af* tcr fome progrefs hc*d been made in tl)«:ir civilization, and have grounded their obje^ions to any plan for the general reforms* tion of the whole from thofe circumdances — fu>tiy fuch perfons can never have (ludied human najirc I ^ Others there are who obfcrve that indances have occurcd, were children have been taken from theirlndian parenit* at fo ear- ly an age,a8 to preclude the poflibility of their having the flighted knowledge of them, or that they were infant Orphans, and that they alfo have made choice of the favage life after confiderable pains had been taken with them, but we are however aware that thoCc children vif:x9 frequently told of their ongin,hy iheir bencfac- tor8,& natural eurionty probably led them to the haunts of their rcfpective tribes,where theIndiaB9,tkeir brethrcn,might reafenabiy be cxpef^ed to ufc every art & inflnuation t« induce them to re- main,-— this lam of opmion may have been the cafe* all thefe arguments confequently fall to the ground Khould therefore moft *£ very school boy can iiiCorm us of the pains that arc^ taken by birda and other animals t'j entice away those of tbeir ovrn species, that have been tamed, or taketi away and tihis is applicable to raakikindr • \ "ii'ir" I ' L«. i).* liitniiriiirif rb 48 liumbly propofe iwhenever nn attempt is made to civilize them» it (hoiild be done by the general confent of the whole tribe, and that the children fliould on no account be (aken from their pa- rents, by which Meaoe a faithful miifionary would ipcedily gain their cbnfidence and eftcem, without which complete fucccfs can ftcvcr bccxpefted. Many are of opinipn that the attempt (hould firft be made in Nevv-BruDlwick» as many of the refped^able Indians in that pro- vince after being thoroughly inflrud^ed in the new fyflem of e- ducation,irJght be ind uced to adt as miflionaries among the more depraved Indians htres but this muil neceffslrily occafion great delay, and thefe poor creatures would become worfe and worfe. OurSaviour's words are thefe-— <*Ieame cot to call the righ* teous, but finners to repentance." And again ** that the whole nerd not a phyfjcian but they that arc fick." And as I remark- ed before, the chiefn and many other Indians in New.Brunf'.viek, are in various inftanccs patterns of propriety to the whites, and will not on any account tafte fpirits, indeed I am indined to believe that the period is at letagth arrived when our blefled Kt* deemcr it not only preparing the mind of the favage to receive th^ gofpel truths bqt alfo the hearts of the enlightened part of the community to teach him to read it-— therefore teach both whites and Indians the rudiments of knowledge, and they will mount higher in the intelledtiial fcale. Inftru^ them in'reading and writii^g, and it will not be long before they will exercife the thinking faculty on thofe great qucftions which arc intimately cvn^ oe^ed with their temporal and eternal intereft, and both the Eu- ropean white and the fwarthy favage will wonder at the bondage ^hich they once endured and the abfurdities which they once reverid. "No longer bowed to the earth by the doable yoke of tyranny and fuperftition they will once niorc look ercA to heaven $ and every individual will enjoy the confcieua feeling, that providence did not deiign him for a ilavf either body or mind, and let it never be forgotten thit the, brightcft fsatiiire in I ''I /# ■* • lA 11 , J, . - i w j. i' . "- -~ « >I»« S- »"«!«". mB. '.'f,mr m''' ' f»fi !'' '»mwi\im m nm0M m '* v.U< VIC them* tribe, and their pa- jJily gain ucccfg csn )€ made in that pro- em of e- ihe more ion freat d worfe. 1 the righ. the wkole T remarlc- runf-.viek, lites, and dined to ffled Re« receive :d part of ach both they will n reading ercife the itcly C9n. 1 theEu^ bondage ley ' once )le yoke : ereA to i feclirig body or '«atiireiii 49 the re^B of our beloved King it the free unfolicited fupport he has afforded to the fchooU on the principle of the one in which I have the honor to addrefs yo«, and when the fcribling incendiary Aiall attempt to cad a ihade over the other events ofhit reign, or when many of them (halt be the ohjcAi of blame rather than ap- plaufe» when the voice of delufion has ccafed, and the tongue of flattery is crumbled into dud, then this one glorious trait will re- deem his memory from dctradion, and will caufe the lover of his fpecics to call a look of affc£tion on his tomb, and repeat his pi- ous wtfli with tears of gratitude *' That every poor child in Creah JBrita n might he taught to read the Bible,** AFTER the above Addrefs was delivered, the following Gentlemen were nominated to a a as a COMMITTEE OF COR RESPONDENCE, with the Society eftabliftied in New* Brunfwick, on the 19th January lad— -viz. Captain ADDISON, MiUtari/ Secretary/. JOHN HOWE, sen'r. Esq^. Mr. JOHN STARR. THE following are the Addrefs, Rules, &c. on the eAah- lifhment of that Society, firce which the Houfe of Aifembly at Fredri^on have voted the fum of £^00 for the Indians, and about ^100 more have been collcded in the two Provinces, by private i^ubfcriptions, but as t he If^tter fuoa bjp^ been priacipglly obtained from the officers of the navy and armyi it is to be hoped that the civil part of the comsiufiiiy will not be backward in contributing handfomely towarda this caufe of benevolence. Mr, Bromley has lately been informed by the highed au- tho!ity that the fum o^ £1^00 would render 300 Indian families quite happy in the Province of New*Brunfwick. - . ' \ -■ >••'•■ ■■<■ ' tt' 1 m y / ■*i < »■ ':sssSSSS*3aas ■I - .jip '• r -WF*^■»^^'*r,■-t^:^■■p/?s?I*^;■." ■■■■W¥''^7l?Hf»* it>k.'^b««9.-" > .1 • « THE NORTH AMERICAN .. . ■ , ' » INDIAN INSTITlJTIONt TO THF PUBLIC. A FEW friends to the cause of humanity deeply inii pressed with a desire to ameliorate the condition of the Native Indians^ are anxioiis to adopt such measures, ai^ fire best calculated^ to prombtfs their civilization aqd happiness. " The extraordinary exertions of tlie Indians against our unprovoked Invaders of L^ppcr Canada, give aclaim tojthe regard, and attention of every Loyal Subject ii^ the British Dominions, \ A recent investigation having taken place into the state of the! ndian^ of Nova-Scotia andNew-Brunsvvick, the most melancholly accounts have been received, par- ticularly from the former Province, in ivhiph the pco- gresH ot their misery has been such, as to threjiten iiiN t\\ing less than their total ei^tinctioi^^ fe'Ss +f 62 ■"■,. !':■ As the happiest effects may be reasoiial)ly antici* patedfrom diffusing useful knowledge, «iud exciting in- dustry amon^ the Indians, and from obtaining', and cir- culating^ throughout Great-Britain, and this Country, more ample and authentic intbrilnatiGn, concerning their real character, and deplorable situation, the friends to thislnstitutionareinducedto unite, in order, that, thro' the iudiciousprose^'ution of these benevolent endeavors, tiie public may ultimately look for the establishment of a confident attachment and friendship of those people, alike beneficial to them; as to the interests of theBritish Empire. It is but justice therefore to the known character of British Subjects to conclude, thrtt, when it is consider- ed what inestimable good may be done to the objects of this Institution^ and what extensive benefits are likeiy to rasuUto Society from a Charity, conducted by per- sons, selected from the most respectable Inhabi- tants of these Colonies, and chosen by the unani- nious voice of the Public, to whom they of course will f«el themselves accountable for the trust committed to tfieir cliarge, there surely ought to be a general co-oper- tion of every friend to humanity and religion in supply- ing the Funds necessary for its support. •i r il ^ t\'- •'. V i;Hiii.t.viiii»rBBii>firize and exertion in promoting any of the purposes of the Insiitution. )5lh. That a Donation of J{J 10 at one lime, or within lii year shall constitutes Member for life, and a Snb- ^rintion of £1 a Member for a year, and that the ssnaUeiit Donations be thankfully received. , 10th. That a printed annual report of the proceeding of the Society containing an account of all receipts and expenditures be furnished to each Me mbqr . ;th isei N. B, . mbscriptions will be received by Messrs. Pr-TRfe and James Fkaseb, pi Fredericton, Messrs. CiiiFBB rifid DunAKTjPrinterSj StJ^hn^ Messrs. IJowe,, t V f 1. K ' ■ "Hlmi mw^ ' > '-t«WWW! ,^,«,«slish cor- , and to prize and ses of the > N. B. Li^ls of the subscribers nstmes may be sttn the several Coliectors. nd a Sab- I ERATA. — 1st page for cemiseration read com- I that the f '>^**ation. 43d page forciviiza^Jon read civilization. 1. [>ceedings receipts ubqr. A. H. HOLLAND, Print-r. i Ju y MpfiSrs. Messrs. /" %■ Sai^M&