.0^. \^> ~^^.vS!i. V] v^ // ^^ 0% •> O / /^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 ■' m I.I 125 20 1.8 1.25 1.4 III 1.6 Photogr&phic Sciences Corporation 7 /. # iV \\ % V ^1, <^ pc^ -fv 6^ <-^' <> 'y .\ K. WAIli, l';n«ravc-il liy A. V S ANTIIONV. >\ ^73.5 \\i-\:<\i:\ '■'')'\\ f >' K' ^^l';; ;!!LL ICVlFUrKt' l^'^'-'^F H ; ^ ':' I ^ "l'".!i f '! , ill: t 1 V'l - ' li Nril h hi ' ! : . l.U I t '% : ^^t ■^-tr-^-' A- ^73.5 64. s- i.y ^ ' - I, ...'A/ CELEB IIATION CENTENNIA]. ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL, WITH A\ AI'I'KMUX (ONlAlM.N.i A SI liVKV ( IK IIIJ.; MTKKATI |;K »)I' ■llli: MATII.i;, IIS ANTKCKDHN IS AM) IfKSII/rs. 1^ s t n : PinXTED BY ORDER OK TUK CITY (OUXflL. M I) (' (' (• I, X X V . CITY OF JJOSTON In Board op Alueumkn, Juno 21, 187r>. Ordered, Thnt the Clerk of Committoci be requested to preimre nml print an nceount of the ci'lcbriition in this city, eoinnieinorativc of the centenniiil imniver- siiry of tlic battle of Hunker Hill; nnd that one thousaml copies lie printed for the use of the City Govemincnt. to he distributed under the direction of tlio Connnittee on Printint;, the expense to ho chartjed to the appropriation for Incidentals. Concurred. Approved July 3d, 187.'>. In Common Council, July 1, 1875. Press of ROCKWELL AND CHURCHILL, 39 Arch Street, Boston. CONTENTS. I'uBLiMiNABr Akiianoi:mknt8 . Mayor's IniiiiKunil Addres;) Report of Spi-ciiil Committee . OriliT of City t:oiincil City's I'rogniiiimi' . City's Iiivit.itions . Action of tlic Lffisliitiirc Circular of Cliiuf Marslml Notice of tliu Cliief of I'olicu Ukckftiun in Music Haix Tiie Miiyor's Wulcoiiie . lieiniirl (■Iii..r M.irsl.al will ntt.'iid at tlio sovi-ral railroad ^f"* ^ '■'"' ""' l'i"l"»*<' orniviiiji all ii.>..,.ssary inC<.rinati..n to ..rwani- /alioiis arrivii..--. Tii.-v will reach Ih.' stations at it, A.M.. and remain until 11, A.M Organizations ar.- riMincstnl to follow the route from the railroad station wliirli m.iy he indicated l.y such Aids. As each or^r.-uiization arrives on tho ^n-onnd ].rescril.ed for its division, its Chief will report at once to the Chief of Division the total niimher of its mend)ers i)resent. of its hand, and of its carriajres, and it will he as8i<,nied a place in colunm. All hut military bodies will form and maroh in sin^'le ranks of six fdes each. Carriages will form two ahreast, and maintain that order diniuff the march. The formation of the imjcession cainiot he completed until after the conclusion of the military review. After the troops, and the odlcial personajr,.s who will he present at the review, shall have taken their resj)ective positions, the head of the colunm will take up the line of march, at an hour not earlier than 11^ o'clock, from the corner of Dartmouth street and Columbus avenue, and will move tlirou,i,di the following-named .streets : — Columbus avemie. West Chester park, Chester square, southwest side, Washinfrton and Union Park streets. Union park, southwest side, Tremont, Boylston, Washington. Milk, India, Connnercial and South .Market streets. Merchants' row. State, Devonshire, Washing- ton and Charlestown streets, Charles-river bridge, Charles-river avenue. City square, Chelsea, Chestnut, southeast and northeast aides of Momniient square, Concord, Bunker Hill and Main streets, Monn: nient avenue, southwest side of ^romiment square and AVinthrop street to Winthrop square, where the procession will I)e dismissed. While crossing all bridges, bands and drums will cease playing and marching bodies will break step. Chiefs of Division will' impress upon their commands the importance of this order, and will labor to 20 CKXTKNNIAI. ANM VKIWAUY OF TIIIO ciilbrci' it, Icavinji "'i Aid iit tiii' t'litiiiiici' of fiich Iniiijfc I'or tlic pm- pdSC. Tiic ('liicC MarHlial Iiiih sfciirnt a liiir of icii'^irapii aldiijj the wiioU; roiito, and liaw t-MfabliHlicd slations al llic rollowiiijf plact-n : — No. 1. ConuT Ik'acoii and i^iliii{j;toii wtrt'i'ts, hcad-iinartfis Cliiol' MaiHlial. No. 2. Corner Dartinontli stroot and ColiiniluiH avi-nuc. No, .1. {'oriicr Ciu'stor Hcjuaro and Wasliin^ton Htrccl. No. 1. ."ilii I'oliii' Station, Kast DciHiani strci't. \o. '). -JX'J 'rrt'inoiil stri't't, corner Coinnion street. No (!. No. Ill Wasiiinjiton street, at Haley, Morse & Co.'s store. No. 7. Milk street, near Hro.'id street. No, H. Old .State Honse. No. !). Ilavniarket s([uare, in or near Iloston and Maine Wailroad d jiot. No. 10. City sfjnare, Ciiarlestown. No. II. Main, corner 'rhorndiko street. No. 12. Wintlirop sqnare, opposite Park street. Chiefs of Division, on approaeliinji each station, will send forwani an Aid, with the despatch for the Chief ^larshal, jjivin}? Inll inlbnna- tion of the condition of their commands, and any other matlcrH deemed l)y tlrtMn important. They will instrnet their Aids to receive any orders which may lie waiting.'; di'livery. The operators at these stations will frcmi time to time exhibit l)lacards, for the information of the spectators, announcinij; the posi- tion of the head (if the column. Any Chief of Division not ready to move promptly in his order will at once notify the Chief of the one next succeedin<^, to march in his place and stead, and will take position for the march in rear of the last marching division, retaining at the head of his own its proper banner. Shonid he, however, be subject to detention by the unrt'adi- ness of a small portion of his connnand, he may, at his discretion, detach such portion, and send it, uiuler charge of an Aid, to report to the Chief of the last nmrching division. Anj' organization reaching the ground after the departure of its HATTLK OF HUNKKIt HILL. 21 division will icpoii lo ih,. Cliiff of the next Hiicccoding onp, not airnnh in motion. Chiefs of Division mv n'(|U('stcil to Jninsniit to iIichc lit'iKl-ininrtorH, on till' tly enforced, and all citizens are earnestly requested not to leave their dwellings unprotected, and to use every practical precau- tion against lire. EDWARD II. SAVAtiE, „ ,, CJiief of Police. Offick or THE Chief of Pomce, nostoii, June 14, 1875. 1 I I I THE EECEPTION IN MUSIC HALL. I ■IE 1 I RECEPTION IN MUSIC HALL. [DravvM by I'.im IN A. AIIUI.V hiiijr.ived by A. V. b, ANTIIOW. iC ! \\ \ MM- |i ' '<■'• ''■!>;, ii' h Illy ill. Ii.i'.M'' M li. ■4 iflii ■ ' Ml, I -I ; V ■ . . ■ ■ ■•V ;!!;■. --I I,. 5 W"-- ^ i'"^ \% f*. M ^•^ \/x> s ■ft -y . . -y ■ ■ J' 'I >,:vu,n.,^^. .^'^••>^n*1 ■3; 'n THE RECEPTION IN MUSIC HALL. Ox the evening of the Kith of June His Honor the Mayor !uul the Committee of Arrangements gave a reception, in Music Hall, to the distinguished visitors who i^urposed taking part in the ccleln-atiou on the following day. The hall was very handsomely decorated with flowers, bunt- ing and drapery. On the front of the upper balcony there was an arch bearing the word " Wklcome," in richly illuminated letters; and, just ))encath, a representation of the City Seal, with the dates "177r." and "1875," in tablets on either side. At intervals during the evening music was furnished by the Germania liand. To facilitate the interchange of civilities between the city authorities and their guests, the seats in the ])ody of the hall were removed ; and to accommodate the ladies, a portion of the seats in the Hrst balcony Avcre reserved. Among those who occu- pied seats on the platform, or who appeared there at different times during the evening, there were, the Vice-President'of the United States, General William T. Sherman, Senator Ambrose E. Burnside; Mr. Justice Strong of the Supreme Court, U. S. ; Senor Don Francisco Gonzales Errazuriz, Charge d'Aflaires from Chili ; Mr. Stephen Preston, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from Hayti ; His Excellency William Gaston, Governor of Massachusetts ; His Excellency Xclson Dinglcy, Jr., Governor of Maine; His Excellency John J. Bagley, Governor of Michigan ; General Fitz Hugh Lee, of Virginia ; Colonel A. O. Andrews, of South Carolina, Captain J. W.' 26 CEXTENXIAL ANNIVERSARY OF THE Gilnior, of the Norfolk Blues ; Goncral Jiulson C. Kilpatrick ; Hon. K. W. llichiirdson, Mayor of Portliiiul; lion. 11. L. Fulton, Mayor of Galveston, Texas. Among the organizations, or representatives of organizations, present in the hall there were, tlie Washington Light Infantry of Charleston, S. C. ; the Norfolk Light Artillery Blues, of Norfolk, Va. ; the Fifth Maryland Kegiment ; the Old Guard of New York; the Light Infantry Veteran Assoeiation of Salem, ]\Iass. ; the New Eng- land Society of New York; the Richmond (Va.) Conunandery of Knights Templars ; the De Molay Commandery of Boston ; The Ancient and Honorable Ai'tillery Company of Boston, and the Bunker Hill Monument Association. Soon after eight o'clock the IVIayor called the assemblage to order, and spoke as follows : — THE MAYORS WELCOME. Fellow-Citizens and Friends: — The event whose hundredth anni\ ersary we celebrate to-morrow was one of a series that* resulted in the creation of an indepen- dent nation. The battle of Bunker Hill, in ^ military view, was a defeat for the colonies ; but, in its moral and political fruits, it Avas a splendid success. Following close upon the collisions at Lexington and Concord, it fired the whole Americ^m heart, and aroused the entire American people, and made them thenceforth one people. While it fell to the lot of Massachusetts to lead off in the war of independence, she Avas not left to stand alone for a day. Responses of sympathy and pledges of co-operation came in as fast as news could fly and men could march. " It is surprising," writes General Gage at this period, " that so many of the other provinces interest themselves UATTLK OF BUNKER IlILI.. 27 so much in this. They have warm fi-iends in ^'w York, and I kiarn that the people of Charleston, South Carolina, are as mad as they are here." "All Virginia," says Irving, "was in a state of combustion." " We must fight ! " said Patrick Henry. "I repeat it, sir, we must fight ! " In fifteen days the great Virginian, Washington him- self, was here at the head of the army. Then followed battle after battle, from Boston to Charleston, from Saratoga to Yorktown, till at length the thirteen provinces became thirteen States, and those thirteen States an empire that now spans the continent. Ke- membering these things, Ave of the East do more than willingly accord to the people of the West and the South an equal share in the proud and grateful memories that belong to our revolutionary centennials ; and we, on our part, shall claim an equal share in theirs, as they recur from time to time, from '75 to '82. To-morrow's commemoration is no mere local affair. It must have a national significance, "or it can have none. If it were only Boston or Massachusetts, or even New England, that cared for it, better that the famous story of Bunker Hill were blotted out of history, as the mere record of an ignominious failure. What is ours in these things belongs to all our countrymen as much, or it would be worthless to us ; and what is theirs is ours, or we should feel bereft of a splendid heritage. It is, therefore, with the deepest satisfaction that we, who are especially at home here, hail the coming of so many of our fellow-citizens from abroad and afar. Their pres- 28 CKNTENXIAI- ANNIVKKSAIIV OF TIIK t'lice is a i)riiK'l[)al cirfurnstance, and, to our eyes, the briglitest leaturu of tho ot-casion — a plodjj^o that they are ready to share, and share alike with us, in tlu; rieli inlieiitanee of the insi)iriu<^ memories and traditions of the national hirthtinie, and that to their feeling, as to ours, the sons of their fathers and of our I'athei's, who stood shoulder to shoulder in that grand old time, are, and must l)e, brethren to-day. Under the inspirations of sneh a reunion, we feel that to-morrow will be sueh a red-letter day foi' Boston as ean hardly shine for her more than once in a eentury. If the skies smile npon her there will be such a tide of life pulsing through her streets as she never knew before ; her spii-es and domes will wear such a radiance as the summer sun never gave them till now; the lu-art of Bunker Hill will throb audibly beneath the tread and the acclaim of the gathering mnltitudes; its granite shaft will loom uj) many cubits taller into the sky; and the glorified forms of Prescott and AV^arren, and of their illnstri(ms compeers Avho stood with them on the spot that day, or Avho sent them their sym|)athy, and were already hastening to their support from every quarter, or preparing to do the like deeds elsewhere, Avill almost be seen bending from the clouds and breathing benedic- tions on their children, who, after all the vicissitudes of a century, are found faithful to their trust, and worthy to hold and transmit their sacred inheritance of liberty and union. Under these circumstances the City Council, acting as they felt, and sure that it was in accord with the sentiment of the whole city, have desired me to BATTLK OK HFNKKH MILL. 29 invite our visitors to iiu'ct us liciv to-niglit Tor an iut('rclian<;i' ol' greet iii<;;s nnd i'elicitationM. We knew you were eoniinjj, ri'st'nt lutij^ht of ^rcjitiu'ss lUid pro.siK'iity. And now, ti'llow-citizcn.s, wlillt' \vv solennily ring out the old ccnluiy, lot us iiopi'l'idly ring in the new. It belongs to the men of to-day to Injiugnnite the second century of our counti'y's life. The omens are propitious. The prospects of our national polity are brighter to-day, 1 think, than at any previous period. It has safely undergone all the tests that could be crowded into a century. It still stands, and may now be said to have almost ])assed the experimental stage, — at least as far as that can be said of any earthly polity. We luive exi)er;tnced all the trials and dangers by which the permanence of nations is put to the test. We have had the stringent test of unexampled prosperity and raj)id ex- pansion, and have survived it. AV e have had commercial crises and industrial dei)rossions of the severest character. We have had bitter })olitical and sectional sti'ifes. AVe have had foreign wars; and, like all nations that have attained to greatness, Ave have had civil war, — and still we live. This last and supremest peril has passed away just in time to enable the country to enter upon the second century of its history with confidence and good cheer. We could not have said so, at least not so c(mfidently, fifteen years ago, nor ten, nor even five. But now, not only is the war closed, but the ani- mosities which have accomi)anied and followed it are fading out; they are dying, — nay, they are as good as dead, and awaiting their burial ! To-morrow we will dig their grave ; at ihe greater centennial in Philadelphia, 1 4 nATTLK OP nij\F<:F:it iirr-r. 81 next ycai-, we will iR-iip up a mound over tliom lii<^h 08 tlic 7\II(';-lmul('s; iiiui, hvl'ovv llic day oC Vorktowu conu'S round, wr Mliall liavc ioi-oottcii that they over t-xisti'd. In tliiH l)t'nl«;n work ol" rt'conclliat; llio soldicrH on both sides have taken the lead. This wi s to bo expcfcted. True heroism harbors no resentments, and is incai)al)lo of a sullen and persistent hat red. True soldiers, worthy of the luune, ^ive and take hard blows in all honor and duty; and when the work is done, arc ready to embrace as brothers in arms, and to let by-<,n)nes be by-j^^ones, in all things except to preserve the memory and decorate the graves of their heroic dead, — ay, and of one another's dead. IJrave men love brave men, with the magnanimity that knows how to honor each other's courage and respect each otlier's motives. Foemen in war, l)rother8 in peace; — that is the history of chivalry here, as cvery- Avhere. And all classes must needs follow the lead of their noble champions, and could not stand out against it, if they would. Even the weak and cowardly, and the political adventurers who live on the garbage of sectional jealousies and partisan embitterments, have to give in, at last, from very shame. Imlicaticms of the spreading and deepening of this sentiment of re- stored amity are coming in from all cpiarters. Plere in Boston, I do not happen to know a single voice at variance with it; and that it is shared by yourselves, gentlemen of the South, is evidenced by your presence' here to-night. You may have desired the issue of the war to have been other than it is, and may have felt, for a time, that all was hist save honor. J respect your convictions; but 1 believe you arc wise enough, and 32 CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF THE magnanimous enough, to acquiesce loyally now, and in the end cheerfully, in the arbitrament of the God of battles, — assured, as you must be, that the overruling Providence is wiser than our wishes, and knows how to bestow richer benefits than those it withholds ; assured, too, that Avhatever was right and good in the lost cause which you loved is not finally lost, and that Avhatever was false or wrong in tlie winning cause cannot permanently triumph. The Almighty reigns, and shapes results more beneficently and more righteously than man can. All things considered, fellow-citizens, I regard our country as prepared to enter upon its second cen- tury with the best augui'ies and brightest hopes of peace and happiness. The burdens and privations resulting from the cost and the waste of war, on both sides, we must still bear for a time, as we are bearing them now, in this universal depi'ession of industry and trade. But this evil is, in its nature, transient for a vigorous and thrifty jieople, and need count but little in our reckoning on the future, provided only that harmony and mutual 'coniidence and good-will prevail and con- tinue. And these we must foster and defend. All depends on these. I am sure you will agree Avith me, gentlemen, that in the new century thei>3 need not be, and must not be, any North, or South, oi- East, or West, except in respect to those varieties of climate and production which stimulate industry, and give life to commerce, and multijjly the sources of national Avealth and power. While we cultivate fi-iendly relations by the intercourse of trade and the amenities of social lile, we '% BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 33 must avoid the political intormetldlinn;' that endangers such relations. Let each State manage its own local afiairs without interference, however well meant, from abroad, subject only to that Constitution which is at once a wholesome restraint and a protecting shield for us all. The old j)oliucal issues have well-nigh passed away; one platform i,« very nmch like another. Old party lines are getting luixed and shadowy, so that little remains to distinguish them bul their names. Wg are thus at liberty to seek the best men as rulers, withouv i-eference to party oi- locality, oi- anything but character and capacity, — honest men, who will neither steal nor per- mit stealing. The securing of a pure and unright govern- ment would be tlie best fruit of our restored harmony, and the best inauguration I know of for the new century. Let good men, in all sections, combine as one man for this end. There must still be parties, with or without the old names, — sharp antagonisms of opinion and policy. These are everywhere among the conditions of freedom and progress. They do not destroy, they invigorate, a nation. The only fatal divisions are those of sections. There must be none of these, — at least in that part of the century Avhich our lifetime shall cover, and for which we are answerable. ]S"o conflict of sections ! I give you iuy hand on that proposition, gentlemen, and I promise you every honest man's hand in Boston on that. And, if you will accept and return the pledge, it shall be kept; and we may trust our children and our children's clnldren to maintain and perpetuate it. We must guard against the beginnings of alienation and distrust; and. 34 CENTEXXIAL AXXIVEESARY OF THE if ever we see any root of bitterness giving- signs of springing np, let ns set our heels upon it, yours and ours, and stamp it out beibre it has time to send up a single poison-shoot. But I detain you too long, gentlemen. Much formal address is not what we want to-night. We want rather to look into one another's faces, eye to eye. We want to give and take a hearty hand-gi-as]). We want to tell you, collectively and individually, that we shall be but too ready and glad to do all in our power to make your visit agreeable to you, and to convince you that the confidence in us which you show by coming is not mis- placed. We want to enable you to report to your people at home that you found nothing but brotherhood and good-fellowship here. We want to make the guests of a week the friends of a lifetime. AVe want you to feel as kindly towards Boston as Boston docs towards your own fair cities of the South, to whom God grant health and Avealth, prosperity aud peace ! Once more, to all our guests, from hv away and from near by, and from all points of the compass, I say in the city's name, and say it gratefully and heartily, Welcome to Boston and Bunker Hill ! The Mayor's remarks Avcre warmly applaiuled. After music by the baud, he presented Governor Gaston, -who spoke as follows : — B^\TTLE OF BUXKER HILL. 35 REMARKS OF GOVERXOR GASTON. Mr. 3Iayor, Ladies and Gentlemen : — My words will be few to-night; but I should poorly represent Massa- chusetts, as her heart now beats, if they were not charged with the warmest spirit of welcome. Massachusetts is honored by the presence of the sons and daughters of all the States who have come here from every part of this broad land to honor the memory of the soldiers and the statesmen who laid the foun- dations of a republic which now numbers forty millions of peojjle. The early battles of the Revolution were fought on Massachusetts soil, but they were not fought for Mas- sachusetts alone. They were fought for the entire country, and the glory of these struggles is the com- mon hei-itage of us all. As, with emotions of reverent patriotism, you shall assemble around yonder shaft to-morrow, you will find its foundations deep enough and its proportions large enough to make it a fit monument of the nation's glory. As heirs of a common inheritance we meet and re- joice together to-night, and as brethren we will celebrate to-morrow. Massachusetts of 1875 is the Massachusetts of 1775. To our guests from the ]S'orth and from the South, from the East and from the West, we say, "As our fathers greeted your fathers of old, so we now greet you." Luder the ample folds of the old flag we meet as brethren; and as we are stepping upon the threshold of our second century, let us determine that we will make 36 CEXTENXJAL AXNIVEKSAKY OF TIIK !ll its achievements in all the lields of civilization and peace Avorthy of a people Avliose birthright is freedom, whose policy is justice, and "whose God is the Lord." Under the influence of our glorious old memories, in the midst of the scenes where American liberty in its infancy was rocked, let us declare there shall be no more sectional strife. Let ns declare there shall be no warfare, except such as a nation's safety and a nation's honor shall demand, and in that w^arfare let ns all tight together, sym})athizing with each other Jn every danger, and exulting together in every victory. At the close of the Governor's speech, ^lajor Dexter H. Fol- lett iuul start', of the First Battalion of Light Artillery, M. V. JNI. , entered the hall with (leneral Fitz Hugh Lee and the officers of the Norfolk Light Ai-tillery Blues. They were received Avith immense aiiplause, and escorted to seats on the platform. The ]Mayor then said he had been informed that Colonel Andkeavs, of Charleston, South Carolina, Avas in the hall. The announcement was received with great enthusiasm, and when the Colonel came forward he was heartily cheered. m A4 in ItEMARKS OF COLONEL A. O. ANDKEWS. Fellow- Citizens of Jfassachusetts : — South Carolina receives with the deepest emotion the greetings of Massachusetts, — an emotion Avhose tenderness, Avhose in- tensity, whose amplitnde, can only be measured as Avhen twin sister meets tAvin sister, and the fiery tribulations, the estranging vicissitudes of the past, are put aside, all lost sight of, all forgotten, in the happy auguries of an unclouded and an undivided future. BATTLE OF BUXKEK HULi.. 37 How opportune is the hapi)e]iin<^ of these centennials ! Yerily there is a Providence that shapes our ends. Long-, and rugg-ed, and dark, may be the road, but in the I'uhiess of His own good time He causeth Hght to sliine, and in ways unthonght by human ken brings about results that iill us Avith admiring wonder and sur- prise. Who can fail to be impressed, that, just at this especial juncture, we should be catching sight of, and coming up to, these hundred-mile stones in the journey of our common country, — at the very moment in our history when their sight and presence seem so season- able, so fortunate, so auspicious, so needed to admonish and to instruct, as well as to cheer and stimulate? First came Lexington and Concord. Old Mecklenburg fol- lowed, and in the echoes which yet linger around us we hear the music sounding again with all its primal fervid- ness and tire, struck from that old chord, as it lirst broke Ibrth in notes of quickening fraternity, answering to " WIhu'c (iiH'o the cinbattli'd farnuTs stooil And lirotl the slmt, liciird round tlii' world." To-day we gather in pious homage around our own consecrated shrine, and join with you in doing reverence where Warren's blood was shed, and renew with you, in family pledge, the sacramental oath, that it shall not have been shed in vahi. Whose heart shall not be lifted into a purer and a sweeter atmosphere, as he hears the tread, and feels the approach, of this grand procession of the mighty past? No dim and shadowy remembrance enclouds them ; but they come, all corruscated with light. Like towering Pi 38 CENTEXXIAL ANXIVEUSAKY OF THE ' .:(l clifts, sublimely they lift their hoary heads. Shooting out amid the rapid current upon which we are surging, they turn om- course. In reverential arrest, we pause and ponder. On their scarred fronts we read, furrowed hi blood, "truths that wake, to perish never." In our inmost soul, we feel how full of blessing is their pres- ence; how teemingly fruitful, if we but will it so, for a mightier, a far exceeding, a more glorious and benefi- cently harmonious future! How fraternizing, how hallowing is their influence ! "Oil, hushed be every thought that springs From otit the bitterness of tilings." Lowly we bend, and ask a blessing and a benison, ere yet we hurry on in the voyage before us. It IS in such a spirit w^e meet you to-day. Like the worn and jostled members of some large family at Christmas-tide, who have almost unlearned the season as one of merriment, a note of welcome comes for us from the old loved homestead. How the old tie tugs at our heart ! Our ears catch the gleeful cliimos. Soon bursts out the once lamiliar carol, — " Behold, 1 bring you good tidings of great joy." Is this for us? Can we be included? The dear old chant rings out again — and all our misgivings melt away as in jubilant strain is wafted to heaven, " Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good-will to men." Yes, we come ! True, in our hands we bring no precious vase, in whose rich loam flowers the costly ex- otic. We come in homely garb, and with broken cup; BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 39 g but ill that cup is a soil which yonder coliimu will rec- ognize — it is from old Moultrie's sand-banlc. You shall i)lant therein the olivc-l)ranch. Old Bunker Hill Avill catch the gracious dews as they fall i'rom heaven, and gently drop them to nourish its growth, and under its stately shaft it shall find shelter from the scorching sun. Yes, (his is the temper in Avhich we meet you to-day — even as in olden Christmas-tide — and we will closely gather around your honored Yule log, and, as its fragrant smoke curls up, tell o'er with you, in garrulous gossip, of the grand old days a hundred yeai-s ago, when in bloody sweat and travail of soul were laid the founda- tions of this goodly heritage, — alike for us and for you, for South as for ]^orth, for West as for East, — from whose lofty toAvers shall be forever flung its standard of love waving in the breezes of heaven, and inscribed, so that all afar off may read, " Come unto me all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I Avill give you rest." And, oh, see, from our sculptured urns, Avith Avhat pleased yet anxious serenity look doAvn upon us Warren and Prescott, and Quincy and Hancock, and Otis and Adams, and, interlocking their arms, Gadsden and Moultrie, and Marion and Rutledge and Sumter! And there comes William Washington! HoAvhis face gloAvs Avith its old fire, as he catches sight of, and points How- ard and Morgan to his cherished oriflamme, — " AA^hich at Eutaw shone so bright, And as a dazzling meteor swept Through the Cowpens' deadly fight." 40 CEXTENXIATi AXVIVERSARY OF THE Old Bunker Hill grasps it in his arms, and by the mem- ory of their ancient love, by tlie recollection of their blood-wrf)nght struggles, by the tender recall of the trium[)hing cheer Avhich is so often wafted from the swamps and fastnesses of the South, he kisses it with fervor true as ancient knight, and, in clarion tones, rings out his tribute to the inspiring guei'don of " a Avoman withal — but a woman whom lirutus took to wife, and daughter to Cato!" And now, my friends, when this hallowed jubilation is o'er, and we go back to our homes, what message shall Ave carry to our rcA^erenced old mother? Never Averc her sons prouder of her. Never clung they Avitli more filial closeness to her than uoav in the day of her adversity. Corruption has harried her — mis- rule has revelled over her; but thei'e she stands, patient and undaunted, in all her matronly purity; never moi'e Avorthy of our love than as, unruflled amid her assailants, she gathers up the courtly folds of her robe in majestic self-rectitude, her stately eye beaming Avith the fires of an unstained birthright, and casting to the dust, by its transfigured light, the approaches of insult and dishonor. To her ear the national harp has oft been made to sound " like sAveet bells jangled out of tune and harsh." But there is a chord in that harp, a golden chord, Avhich still vibrates in her heart, " musical as Apollo's lute," charming as the harp of Orpheus. It is the chord of these ancient memories ; it is the string in that harji, Avhich runs from Moultrie to Bunker Hill. It is the key Avhich, struck at Concord and Lexington, vibrates to Eutaw and King's Mountain. Shall we tell '% ■I !;i! I BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 41 her that you have struck that chord, and that you have Htriick it with the note, and the music, and the ti-ucness of its ancient sonj^? If so, then indeed shall this day's celebration cause Bunker Hill to be treasin'ed up as the shadow of a great rock, bringing rest, and refi'eshment, and Jiope, to pilgrims worn, and heavy, and weaiy. Then shall we " Press heavily onward ; not in vain Your generous trust in liuman Ivind ; The good which bloodshed could not gain Your peaceful zeal shall find." General Fitz Huoh Lek, of Virginia, Avas then presented and greeted witli enthusiastic cheers by the men, and the waving of handkerchiefs by the ladies. When tlie excitement had somewhat subsided, he spoke as follows : — REMARKS OF GENERAL FITZ HUGH LEE. Mr. Mayor and Ladies and Gentlemen : — I thank you for this most cordial welcome you have ex- tended to my comrades and myself. I came here with the Norfolk Light Artillery Blues, a Confederate organization, whose guns have roared upon many a hard-fought field. As we arrived before your city this afternoon, and were steaming up your beautiful harbor, the first notes that reached me from the band of music sent to meet us were of that good old tune called "Auld Lang Syne;" and I felt I was not going to Boston, but that I was returning again to a common country and a common heritage. I should have wished that my poor presence would have passed unnoticed, 42 CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF THE 1\[ and that I mlji^lit have been permitted to have remained a isilent visitor in Boston. When 1 reniemher that this is the first time I have ever stepped on tiie soil of Massaehusetts, I neeessarily feel some embarrassment at addressing sueh a splendid andienee as is before me; but when I reflect that I am an American citizen — that I, too, am a descendant of those n)en who fought on Jiunker Hill — I feel that I, too, have a right to be here to celebrate their splendid deeds. We come here, fellow-citizens, to show that we ap- preciate the achievements of those patriotic forefathers of ours, — those men Avho i)lanted the seeds from which oiu- nation sprung. ^Ve ai-e here to show by our actual presence that we are fully in sympathy with the sentiment which found expression upon the recent Decoration Days, when loving hands entwined beautiful flowers about the graves of the soldiers of both armies without distinction. I recall that, right here in Boston, one hundred years ago, a patriotic divine spoke in substance as follows: " We pray thee, O Lord, if our enemies are desirous to fight us, to give them fighting enough ; and if there are more on their way across the sea, we pi-ay thee, O Lord, to sink them to the bottom of it." Now, when I see this magnificent demonstration, when my eyes look on yours, beaming with friendliness and heartfelt good- will toward me and mine, I feel that hereafter, if foreign or domestic foes threaten our common country, Massa- chusetts and Virginia, California and Florida, would HATTF.E OF lUrXKEU HILL. 43 shout Avitli one voice, "11" they tleHU'e to light, let tlicin have enough." I may he pardoned if I. recall to your minds that in those dayH oi" darkness, when the clouds of war envel- oped your Connnonwealth, n>y State of A^irginia Hent right here into your midst him who, in the language of my grandfather, was " first in [jcace, first in war, and first in the hearts of his countrymen;" he, in the language of .Vndrew Jackson, ''wiiose character cannot he too profoundly studied and his example too closely followed." Washington ap])eared here in your midst, brought order out of confusion, and saved our country. I thank you, ladies and gentlemen, most cordially for the manner in whicl you have received me. General Jud.son C. Kili'atrick was next introduced, and cordially received. REMARKS OF GEN. J. C. KILPATKICK. Fellow-Citizens : — I am proud and happy to assemble with you here to-night on an occasion so important, not only to the peo2)le of Massaclmsetts, but of the whole nation, — an occasion involving elements so sublime, elements which inspire feelings of patriotism worthy of Greece in her best days. It was not my intention to say a word to-night. I entered here but a few moments ago, and had the pleasure of hearing Fitz Hugh Lee, of Virginia, a Confederate soldier, who was my cavalry instructor at West Point, and whom I met on many a bloody battle-field in the late war of the rebellion. And I rejoice, fellow-citizens, to have him 44 CENIT.NNIAL ANMVKHSAUY OF TIIK '' i I > I c'onio lu'iv t()-ni*;lil,mul iit (lie presence of this majiiilfi- ccnt mulieneo sluilie liaiids oiue n^ain with us beneath the same old Union llaj?, wlileh is his l)anner as well aH ours. I reeo<»'nize the ('act that it is ten lon«jf years since tlie last hostile shot was iired ami since the war- clouds rolled away. [At this i)()iiit fjcnortil Smkhman nppciiml tipon tlic pliitfbnn, and was loudly clic'iTed.] It will not be beconiin*]^ in me to continue in the presence of one so well known to this great nation, and wliom you would much rather liear s])eak. (Cries of " Go on. We'll hear him next."] I was about saying that ten long years have ])assed and gone since the hist hostile shot was fired. Monuments of stone rear aloft their heads to heaven to-day from almost every northern village, telling of the patriotic deeds of the brave men who fought in freedom's cause. Little green mounds scattered all over the sunny South are Avatered alone by women's tears, and women on bended knees are pray- ing over the ruins of Avhat were once palatial homes, and weeping burning tears for dear ones who will return no more. And yet, I know thei-e are men in this country who say "It served them right;" but if they would follow over the wasted stretch of Sherman's march they would find that the beautiful sun shines there, that grain may grow, and that green grass and flowers forever bloom above the spots where brothers beneath opposing banners struggled for the mastery. Let us shake hands here to-night on this happy centen- nial of the battle of Bunker Hill. Let us unite the North HATTLK OF HUNKKIl IHIJ;. 46 and Soiith, and rcBolvo tliat tlic Hanic old flafjf, lionccforth and loi'(;v('i', bcfbro uh or around uh, sludl bo tlio pride of our triunij)h and the Hhroud of our burial. UEMAHKS OF GENKRAL Wrr.lJAM T. HHEUMAN. Gcnend Sueuman was tluMi pri'scntcd. lie said : — I came liere to-ni«jht to attend a levee of the Mayor of the city of IJoston, with no intention of speaking one word; and I hope you will pardon me if I merely ex- press myself somewhat amazed to find myself upon the platform here to-nig'Jit in the presence of so many gentle- men of Boston, every (me of whom can make a better speech than I can. To-morrow you will hear General Dovens make a gi-eat speech, worthy the occasion, and I want to hear it very much, — so much that I have come fifteen hundred miles to hear it. I want also to stand where ]iunker Hill once stood. It is all graded down now ; but the memory of the spot will last long after all of us have disappeai-ed from this earth. Brave deeds, noble actions, there made the beginning of our nation. The deeds done that day, the thoughts thought that day, the courage manifested that day, should make that spot as pure and holy as any spot that can inspire a race. I therefore simply ask you, gentlemen, whose faces are turned toward me to-night, to think of the men who died that day. What has been the result? A nation was born that is influencing the world, and we are come thousands of miles to celebrate its birthday, — one hundred years ago. May you all be better for it, and purer for it, and truer for it, and kinder to each other. 46 CENTENXTAL ANNIV^ERSARY OP THE KE3IAHJ\S OF GENERAL A. E. BURXSIDE. Geiicnil BuuNSiDE was next introduced by the Mayor. lib said : — I came here to-night as a sijectator, and I am not in the least prepared to address such an audience as this. I am a ckinisy speaker at best, and it is not proper that I should attempt, on the spur of the moment, to say anything to an assemblage like this. The occasion is one of great importance, and every patriotic heart in the country should be impressed with it. It is my hope and prayer that these centennial days may be so ob- served as to blot out all feelings of envy or malice whicii were engendered by the late war. 1 am free to say here to-night that I am ready to do everything on the face of the earth to accomplish this; I will do anything but acknowledge we Avere wrong in what we did to suppress the rebellion. REMi\RKS or VICE-PRESIDENT WILSON. At the close of General Buruside's address there were calls for the Honorable Henhy Wilsox, Vice-President of the United States. Yieldinir reluctantly to the demand made upon him, Mr. Wilson said : — I respond to your call only for a moment, and I re- spond for the reason that I cannot say no. AVe have listened to-night, while we have been welcomed by the Mayor of the city of Boston, who has spoken the words of the whole city. This vast audioice has been wel- comed here to-night — men from all sections of our BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 47 country — hy the Governor of the State of Massachu- setts, and I believe he has spoken the Avords of all the people of this good old Commonwealth. AVe have heard a response from South Carolina, and we have welcomed it. "VVe have heard a voice from Old Vir- ginia, and we have Avelcomed and a^^plauded it. Here, to-night, as a citizen of this Commonwealth, I welcome these men, from all sections of the country, to Massa- chusetts; and I trust, with God's blessing, this oc- casion will be consecrated to patriotism, to manhood, to full and impartial liberty to all men of every kindred and race. I trust that we shall begin the coming century of our country wdth an acceptance of the sublime doctrine of human right that one hundred years ago animated the men who bared their breasts on Bunker Hill. T believe I have seen already in the South, in the West, in the central States, that this anniversary festival of ours, call- ing us back to our early history and the grand achieve- ments of our fathers, is accomplishing more for our country than anything that is happening. It is bringing and cementing together the hearts of our people, and Christian men on bended knees should pray for it, patri- otic men should labor for it, and we should know that we live in a country that is to be our countiy ; that we live in a country where men of all races ai'c brothers. I believe, gentlemen, that we should all strive for harmony, unity, justice, for ec^ual rights to everybody in our land. This closed the formal part of the exercises, and introduc- tions and conversation followed. '■(■ I i i fl THE PIIOCESSION I I 1 TRIUMPHAL ARCH. ENTRANCE TO CITY HALL SQUARE, CHARLESTOWN. [Drawn by EUWIN A. AUUHV. linyravetl by W. J. LlNTON.) Tlh-. !M-i-' . ■■ li^V ;l)' .irjiN.jl ''i.^ - It' " • '■■(li)'i'. 1 ■! '.vi' ll I ')?' •■''■ ' i .I'M 'I . !•• ' "■■ -W ';...' 'll '.il- '■ 1/ 1 : •,. ■ .11 |i • ■ •■ I .- ( 'i '.• -, It! 1 j n i:-. 't i ' I ' >\' ■; W V,. ii ',• il'd I i (>' • ■' ;;■ ■ ' i . si ;., !■■ . M- ll Ml ■-.'in'i- >.v< i 't'ji'- (:; I I )!" ■' ,,■, It ,• ■ ■ •- ' • ■• : ' . '• \i; I . !• ; "I ■ ■ v^ ■ •■■ y.: . ,-i •: .;-r,.. \ .■ ^ ■ I .--ini, >. ri I I riH I. . I;.' ! , it- :.aM'- ' i' !^i!:ii-.i r Hi!'. ■.,> 'r ' I :, i;i.-. \vi-i «■ •>,';.' 'i.i, ;;■ v t'.:..' ■■ <•'■• . 1 I ■ I ■. i):v, ■■'■'«.■- ,■". '■Ijloi > ! ■ . :■ . I.'-/'' II' I 'la' ;,, >\' 'i I Ml •■:'li.\ . ,.... ( , .,■ 'i; ■■! ^.i;. 1; \. " tc h, ,,'■,,<■• .,:■; : !;■ •■ '- •• i !;■ .],ii- 'V'i' 'I' I .:il. ' ;' ll" ■. '-Ill'" . .'■{ • v\ i •.. ,. i!lii: ' ■•■ i^ ! !• ' ;iV'Si \' .., -■'.<■'. I... •; .1'' -■; y '■<< I 'i. • ' ■. : ; ■ ^ :;;■ ■ '!. r , .;. 'v' :' ■ • . 1^' ■ .-■ : :■ ■ .■;^: \,;i,iv- • 1. 11 rt !'.■;■ !;.| .)M<-c-.-.|!>|. i';.;\ '■ .;,;,( -v 1 ("l . -..;r-|!'v. M:,,,-,^-t, I 1),: d i.!n' p.l.M '>ii' :■ fri'. . ..^1 iliiit'i !i ,ii iui il!' ('"*• m^ ]W ■*■., J t^ / ''' ' I |.#l'' Wf 'V'^' ■ !?'s«l^ ^"^^' -^^i^^;A'r§^Mi:! ■'•t-T>lf J : '»',J "'ii' ' • i/l I Jfea ft- ~ ,. i . ...'tf-i ¥-1! P , . ^;!il ■■V/'}.- ^iJi^ i .if--, t/K . ...-.l-, . Ilt.ri, I-..;!..,-., fy '.. I '.■!'■. THE PROCESSION The General Court liiiving matlo the Seventeenth of June, 1875, ii legal public holiday, the public buildings and ofKccs throujihout the State were closed, and all business, except that connected with the celebration, Avas suspended. At an early lio<:; u- the nir()ceedings of the day began to arrive in the city and take position in the places assigned to them. 'I'he streets were thronged by people from all parts of the country, who Avere desirous of witnessing what promised to be the most extensive and magnificent military and civic display ever made in New England. The favorable state of the weather added greatly to the success of the occasion ; a mild east wind prevailed throughout the day, and tempered the heat so that tliose who marched in the procession, and those who stood long hours in the streets to see it pass, were enabled to do so without discomfort. All the public buildings and many private dwellings and places of bushiess, especially those along the route of the pro- cession, were handsomely decorated with flags, bunting and flowers. At all points of historic interest connected with the battle of Bunker Hill, or with the revolu -nary period, inscrip- tions were placed, giving a clear and concise statement of the event to be connnemorated. Across the northerly end of Charles-river avenue, where the procession entered City square, Charlestown, a triumphal arch was erected. One of the pillars bore a representation of the 52 CKNTJ5NMAL A>nVIVKl!S.\UY OV TIIK battle of Bunker Hill, with the date "1775" beneath; cm the other was a view of th(^ present Monument, and the date " lcS7o." On tlie keystone of the arch was inscribed "IIEKOKS OF BlMvKH HILL," and on either side were the names of Pkkscott, Putnasi, Waukicn, Knowltox, Stakiv, and PoMKiiOY, — the one iirst mentioued occupying tlic highest phice of lionor. At nine o'clock in the morning the members of tlie City Government, the guests of the city, and the persons invited by His Honor the Mayor to join the procession, assembled at the City Hall, and proceeded thence, l)y invitation of His Excellency the Governor, to the State House, to witness the military review. At ten o'clock the ti-oops moved from their rendezvous on the Connnon, passing out at the corner of Charles street and BoylstoM street, and marched through Boylston, Trcmont and l?eacon streets, past the reviewing party, whicli occupied a platform in front of the State House. The movement of the procession was somewhat delayed by the review, and it Avas not until a (juarter past one o'clock that the Chief Marshal was enabled to enter upon the line of march. The formation was as follows : — Th'^ Chief of rolice, with fiffoon niouutod men. '1' ' Fall Kivor Brass Band. The Fourth Battalion of Infantry M. V. M., IMajor Austin C. "Wellington commanding. General Fkancis A. Oscoux, Chief Marshal. The Meinl)ors of liis Staff, namely : — Col. W. V. Ilutchings, Chief of Stalf. Col. Cornelius G. Attwood, Adjutanl General. Col. Solomon Hovey, Jr., Assistant Adjutant General. HATTLK Ol' HUNKER HILL. •'>'i ♦ Ciipt. JiiiiU's 'riioiii|is()ii. ('liii'r(|ii:irl('riiiii!>lt'r. l.ii'iil. Ivlwiinl IJ. Uiclinnlson. Cliicf Sij,niiil Olllwr. :Mr. .lanicH Swonls, Mr. .M. 1''. l)i<'l Second Cori.s of Cm.U'Is M. V. M., Liiutcnant, Colonel A. I'arkcr Hrowiu' i-oniinandlnji. Major (ienend JJeiiJaniin K. Hullcr. coniniandinu' Division IMassa- cliiiM'tls Militia. Tile Meiiiliers (d" his Stall', naiiielv : Col. Kd.-iar J. Sherniaii. Assistant Adjutant General. Col. Yorielv (i. Hiird, Jledieal Direetor. Lioiit. Col. Kdward J. .lones, Assistant Inspector Ceiieral. Lieut. Col. (Jeor-ic ,1. Carney. Assistant (inarterinaister. Major .lolin W. Kimliall. Kiiiziiieer. Major Holaiid (i. I'slier. Aide-de-caniii. Miijor ICdwin L. IJarnev. .Iiidiic Advocate. Tiiic SkcuM) ISui.i.vDK M. V. M., liriuadier (ieneial (ieorue H. I'eirsou coiiiniandiiiL;. Tlie Lynn lirass IJaiid. The iMghth Keoiment of Infantry, Colonel lieiijaniin V. IVaeli, .Jr., coiiiiiiandin<>'. The Sixth I{o-inieiit of Infanlry, Colonel Melvin IJeal coniinandinj,'. •♦ The Fifth IJeoinient Hand. The Fifth Keginient of Infantry, Colonel K/ra .1. Trnll comnmndinj.-. The Lawrence Hrass Hand. The Second Hattalion of Lijiht Artillery, iNIajor (ieorge S. Merrill ec^nniiandiiii;-. The Dnnstahle Cornet Hand. Company F, Unattached ( avairy, Chelmsford, Captain Christopher Hohy conimandinii-. The FiiiST BuKiAUK M. V. M., Hri-adler General Isaac S. Hiirrell coinmandinii-. HATTIiK OK nUNKKIt Ullil- 55 'I'lii- N'intli Kc^fiiiifiit IJiiiid. Tlio Ninth Roj,niiu'iit of liiliiiitr.v, Colcin-l Iknwird F. F'miiii coin- iiiiuitliii^. The I'irsl Ui'^imciit Himd. 'I'lic Kirst Uc<;iiiicnJ »i' liiliintry, Coloiicl Ilciiry W. Wilson coni- nl!ln(lin•,^ Till' 'I'liinl IJi'Miincnt TiMnd. Till' Tliird l{i'j,nnicnt <>r Inljintrv. Coimicl Unidlbrd D. Ihivol coni- niiindin^. Till' Nntionnl 15:nid. I'.nslon. Tlic Second I'.iittalion of Inliinlry. .Miijor Lewis (iiuil coininMndin;?. Till" Woonsocliel l>riiss liiind. T'lio First Utittalion of l/iK'it Aililleiy, (':ii>tain C'iiiirlcs W. IJaxtcr oonnuiuidin^. Till' Clielseii 15r:iss liunil, Tiic First r>Mtl!dion of {'iivjilry. Ivieiilenaut Colimol John 11. Hoberls I'onniiMndiiiL!:. TiiK TmuD IJitiiiADK M. V. M., IJri^adier (ieneral Uohurt II. C'hainl>eriain couniiandinj;'. The Ilnrironl City l?and. Tiie Second Uo-riment of Infantry, Colonel .loseph IJ. I'arsons coni- inandinu;. RiehiU'dson's IJand, Worcostor. I'lii" Tenth Ki'siinicnt of Infantry, Colonel .lames M. Drcnnan connnandinjj;. The AVorcester National Band. The Fifth Uattcry of Li-ilil Artillery, Captain John G. Rico connnandins'. FIRST DIVISION. Major Henry L. Ili-riiinson, Chief of Division. Aids: Captain .lolin C. .lones. Assistant Adjutant General; Mr. Henry Iphani, Mr. Win. 15. I'.aoon. .Ir., Mr. A. C. Tower, Mr. Daniel C. IJacon, Mr. Frank Seabnry. 66 CENTENNIAL ANNIVEIJSARY OF THE This division wms coini.oscd of military oronnizations from otiicr States, uaineiy : — The Seventh l{t>oi„u.,it Band and Drum Corps. No\v York. The Seventli KVgiment National Guard, Slate of New York, Colonel Emmons Claik commanding. The First Regiment Band, Pennsylvania. The First Regiment National Cuard of rennsylvania, Colonel R. Dale Lenson commanding. The Second Regiment Band, I'emisylvania. The Second Regiment National (uiard of Rennsylvania, Lieutenant Colonel Ilarmanins Nclf commandino-. Ringold's Band, Reading, Pa. The State Fencibles, Philadelpliia, Pa., Captain John W. Ryan conunanding. McClurg's Coinet Band, Philadelphia. The Washington Grays, of Philadelphia. Captain Louis D. Baugli commanding. Tile Independence Band, Wilmington, Del. The Philadelphia Gray Inviueibles, Captain ,V Oscar Jones conunanding. The American Brass Band. Providence, R. I. The First RlK)de Island Light Infiintry Regiment, Colonel R. IL I. Goddard commanding. The National ]5anf llartfoid, Couni'cticut, Major Henry Kenr-eib commanding. 64 CENTEXNIAL AXNIVERSARY OF THE Downiiig's Niiitli llogiincnt Band, of Now York. The Old Guard, of Now York, Major G. W. ]\IcLean coiinnanding, Accompanied by Bvt. Brigadier General Washington Hadle^', J. T. Howe, Esq., Major J. W. !ia/let, anil C. 1). FretU'ricks, Esq. The Washington Liglit Infantry, of Cliarloston, S. C, Major R. C. Gilchrist, First Lieutenant, conunanding, Accompanied b}' Col. Thomas Y". Simons, Col. A. O. Andrews, J. Lawrence Honour, Es(i. The Norfolk Light Artillery Blues, of Norfolk, Va., four guns. Cap- tain James W. Gilmer connnaudiug. Carriages containing, as guests of the Blues, Gen. Fitz Hugh Lee, who commanded a division of Confederate cavahy during the late war ; Col. Walter H. Taylor, who was Adjutant General to Gen. Robert E. Lee ; Col. Stark, who commanded Norfolk troops ; Capt. E. B. White, who was of the Con- federate Navy ; Mr. M. Glennan of tiie Norfolk Virginian; and C. E. Perkins of the Norfolk Landmark. Drum Corps. Old Columbians, organized in 17it2, Capt. Michael Doherty conamanding. Ameabur}' Veteran Artillery Association Band. The Amesbury and Salisbur}- Veteran Association, Capt. Newell Boyd commanding. Decorated carriage, containing twelve old sailors, and also a piece of ordnance cast in 1736, and taken from Fort Point channel. FIFTH DIVISION. Chief of Division, Gen. J. Gushing Edrnands. AIDS. Col. Edward B. Blasland, Assistant Adjutant General ; Capt. T. R. Matthews, Gen. E. Blakeslee, Lieut. Wm. II. Bird, Lieut. C. M. Haley. BATTLK OF BUNKER HILL. 65 Atncriciiii Bund of Boston. Lexington Miiuito Men, Acting iMiiJor, K. L. Zsilinski, II. S. A. Boston Seliool Regiment J)nim Corps. Boston School Keginient, Colonel William B. Lnwreucc commanding. The Latin School Battalion, Major Edward Koljinson commanding. First Battalion Knglish High Scliool, ^lajor K. ('. Wilde conmianding. Second Battalion, English High School, Major George Nickerson commanding. The Highland Battalion, ISIajor A. L. Jacobs connnanding. Drnm Corps. The Cambridge Cadets, of East Cambridge, Capt. E. A. Coouey commanding. Drum Corps. The Chelmsford Minute IMen, of Chelmsford, Jlass. The Boston Caledonian Club, John Stark, Chief. j The Tliorndike Horse Guards, of Beverly, Captain Hugh Hill commanding. Tlie Magouu Battery, of IMedford, Captain Charles Russell commanding. The Franco-Belgian Benevolent Society, in barouches, with American, French and Belgian colors. The Boston Highland Benevolent Association, in a barj^e. SIXTH DIVISION. Chief of Division, Charles B. Fox. AIDS. Col. Francis S. Ilesseltine, Major Cyrus S. Haldeman, Major Frank Goodwin, Lieutenants Henry D. Tope, and Wni. Chickering. Charles Russell Lowell Post No. 7, G. A. R., of Boston, Thomas M. Kenney, commander. Berry's Band of Lowell. Benjamin F. Butler Post No. 42, of Lowell, G- W. Huntoon, conunander. GG CENTKXNTAL AXNIVEllSAllY OF TIIK Stoncli'iiu Hnisw Uand. Kadiant Star Council No. '), Order of liiitcd AiiKMicnn Mechanics of South Uoston, C'oiiimaiider Kdward Isaacs. Deh'jiates from Hay Slate Comicil No. 1, of Boston; Hunker Mill Council >[o. 2, of Cliarlestowii ; Hijih Kock Council No. O, of Lvnn i Harvard Council No. 0, t)f Canibridiio ; Israel rutnani Council No. 10, of Boston ; Niagara Council No. 11, of Salem : Warren Council No. IM, of Lynn ; Abraham Lincoln Council No. 11, of Somorville ; Saf^a- niore CoimcilNo. \!^, of Saugus ; lloxbury Council No. 17, of Hoston Highlands ; all memberH of the (). V. A. M. organization. Delegates from the Junior Order United American Mechanics of Massachusetts. Representatives of the National and Massachusetts State Councils, O. U. A. M., in barouclics. Bond's Brass Band, of Boston. Ivanhoe Lodge, Knights of Tythias No. i;5, of Charlestown, T. W. Paine, connnander. Delegates from Washington Lodge No. 10, of South Boston ; Common- wealth Lodge No.iy, of Boston ; King Solomon Lodge No. 1«, of Boston; Socrates Lodge No. '21, of Soutli Boston ; Old Colony Lodge No. 43, of Abington ; SLattapan Lodge No. 44, of Dorchester; all Knights of Pythias, American Brass Band of Suncook, N. IL Oriental Lodge, Knights of Pythias, of Suncook, N. IL, II. I). Wood, commander. Johnson's Drum Corps. Colored Veteran Association, ISIajor Burt Smith commanding. Delegates from the Colored Vi'teran Association of Norfolk, Va., accompanied by Inspector (ieneral J. ISIullen, of the (;rand Army Order of Virginia, anil North and South Carolina. HATT1.K OK nUNIvKIl IIIIJ,. C7 SKVKXTII DIVISION, •lohn T. Htimrick, Cliii^f of Division. AMIS. Edward Uilcy, AssiMUiit Adjiituut. (li'iu'ml ; PiitricU O'lliordeii, Dennis Crowli-y, .hinii-s II. Loniliiird, 'rimotiiy C. Mulioncy, Dimicl li^'trfni.'in. * Tiiis divi.sion was coniposod of Catiiolic Bciicvolcnt Soeiotics, as follows : — O'Connor's mounted Hand. Knifjflits of St. Tatrick, i-onijiosod of two nionntcd companies, one from lloston, Capt. Lyons oonnnandin<>: ; Another from Lawrence, Mass., 'riinothy Daecy conunandinj?. Company A, of tiic Le}j;ion of St. I'atriek, (Jen. .). II. Ilenchon eonnnandinfi'. The United Association of American Ililierniaus of South Boston, John McCalfrey, Cliief Murslial. Union lirass Haml of Lynn. St. Joseph Cadets, Captain J. V. Lyneli eonnnandinj?. St. Joseph Drum Corps. Ancient Order of Ililternians in several divisions, namely : — Division No. 1, of Hoston, Lawrence Donovan connnaniUng. Belknap Brass Band, of Quincy. Division No. 2, of East Boston, John C. McDevitt connnandinf?. Division No. ;i, of Jamaica Tlain. I). J. Cnrley commandin• F VI SERVICES ON BUNKER HILL. I V' \ 1 I III? !• -' I HL.NkKK II 1 1. 1., llJr.iuu y 1 l/Ul.N A AliHl s l-ii^'i..\i.l liy A. V. b. AMl(u.\V.| hl^Viri"-^ '):. .- ' ■■> \'.-u\ - I", .. !■■• 1,,!.! ; ,t •■•■ ■ ,-, . ,. '\:\ r. ii;- .!• • i^ .; . H, M. II 1 '! ■ .;":';M1. > 'in ,i! ,\ .: ■ i.'. I'i. ,•:' '1-: ..)■. ' I. 1.1 ii;iv 111 1[ ^^■■i ..,Ss*HiM ::t^'^P!i ,«■■ .«'i<^;^*...ii«;fr5.^^___,^. d {-■ ■■•.•a.J, , t.TiS'v .,-*,r.- ■ SERVICES ON mmm ihll. Tmk services on liunker Hill were lieid in u l:ir lAko a cousiiniin^j brand, Strotch f'oi'tli 'I'liy nii^jfiity hand, Wnmn: and ojiprcssion ilcsti'oyinjjj. Hi^lp ns, () i.oi-d of i-ijrht! Holp us, () (iod of miijlit ! Iltdp us, wliLM'L! war-tides arc tlowinjj. Help ns, llioiij:;!! W(^ may fall : From out the <;'rav(! we call ; I'raisc to Thy naino, and forever. All power and "rioi-y \w Thine throiijjii eternity ! TFcli) us, Almighty One! Amen. Judge Wahukx then said: It is with extreme pleas- ure that I have the honor to present to you our esteemed associate, the soldier, the scholar, and the jurist, Cii.VKLK,s DiovKNS, dr. Gknkiial Dkvkxs was received with hearty ai)i)lauso. After aekiiowlcdoiiiir the greeting of the iuidieiice he proceeded to deliver the following address : IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 *^IIIIM illM IIIIIM m M 1.8 U ill 1.6 #'%^ 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 873-4503 -u «. ir *«. ■ JWT I t* t' I. O'^ 78 CKNTKNMAI. ANNI VKlJSAIiV OF TIIK ADDHESS or (iKNEIiAI, DEVKXS. Fellow- Citizens : — In ]»i()ii.s jiiul patriotic commem- oration ol' the gTcat deed Avhich one hundred yeai-s a*^o "was done on this immortal field; in deep thaidvlid- iies.s for the bles.sings which have l)een .showen-d n|)on us as a peo[ile with so lavish a hand; in the earnest ho[)e that the liberty, <^xiarded and sustained bv the sanctions of law, whicli the valor oC our lathers won for us, and Avhich we hold to-day in solemn trust, may be trans- mitted to endless generations, — we have i'ew England, they did not stand for them- selves alone, but that there might be founded a struct- ure imperishable as any that man can rear in a free and united government. The corner-stone of the edifice they laid was for all the colonies that Avere, all the States that are, all the States that are yet to lx\ AW'lcome to the A'ice-Pi-esident of the United States, the Justices of its Supreme Court, and the (ienerai conunanding its armies! They represent to us the government Avhicli Avas the result of the lievohition. In 177o Massachusetts Avas the most populous but one or perhaps Iavo of the colonies, and by the unity of her people the most poAvei-ful and Avarlike of any. She has seen, notAvithstanding her OAvn vast increase in popu- hition and Avealth, although a great State has since been taken from Avhat Avere then her borders, hei' relative position change; but she lias seen with admiration and not Avith envy, Avilh pride and satisfaction and not Avith mean jealousy, the gi-owth of States broader, i-icher, and fairer than she can hojx' to be. AVhatever changes may have conu', lu'r s|)irit has not changed, her voict- lias not altered. Then singled out from the colonies to l)e first 80 CKNTENMAI. ANNIVKltSAJtY OK TIIK sulnluod and i>unislHHl, as she liftotl her lioad in stern (U'lent'C' oriieranriont liberty, in prond defiance of those Avho would oppi-ess her, demandin«;' her own great ri<>ht of local sell-government, .she called upon her sister colo- nies for a nnion that should secure and maintain the rights of all; so to-day she demands ibr all others every i-i«'ht which she asks for herself, and she calls u])on all for that cordial and generous ohedii'uce which she is ready to render to the Constitution which has united them forever. It Avas to be expected, as the controversy between Great Britain and her colt)nies moved on from the pro- posed passage of the Stamp Act, in 1704, and as its inevita])le tendency developed, that its weight should be thrown in the first instance npon >*'ew England and her chief town and colony. The c-olonies dilfered in some important respects in the manner in which they had been settled and in the character of their ])eople. To some there was nothing distasteful in a monarchial government as such, if it had been wisely and liberally admmistered ; but New England remembered always the race from Avhich she s])rung, and why her fathers had ci'ossed the sea. Others had come from a love of ad- venture, from the hope of wealth, from a desire to test the fortnnes of a new world; bnt for none of these things had her founders left the pleasant Hclds and loved homes of their native land; and the uncpienchable love of lib- erty Avhich animated them lived still in the bosoms of their descendants. Xor was her stern religious laith averse to the assertio,n by force of what she deemed her liberties. In Parliament, the spirit (hat [)revailed at I BATTLE OF BUXIC^R HILL. 81 the time of the accession of George III. was different from that arclt 'it zeal for constitutional freedom which had resulted in the dethronement of James II.; but New England understood hei- I'ights, and was prompt to maintain them always in the spirit of the English Com- monwealth. " In what book," said one to Selden, " do you find the authority to resist tyranny by force? " and the great lawyer of that day answered, "It is the custom of England, and the custom of England is the law of the land." It was not the right to tax without representation merely: it Avas the claim, necessarily involved in such a right, to govern in a different manner, and through offi- cials appointed by the British crown, that astonished the colonies, and united all at first in remonstrance and after- ward in determined resistance. Her own character and the circumstances of her situation had placed Massa- chusetts in the van of this conflict, and had caused her, when the policy of coercion was finally resolved on, to be dealt with by a system of legislation unprecedented in the method usually adopted by Britain in governing her colonies. It was industriously circulated in Par- liament that she would not be sustained by the others in the resolute attitude which she had assumed; and upon her were rained in rapid succession the statutes known by the popular names of the Boston Port Bill, the Kegulating Act, the Enforcing Act, which were in- tended to redu(!e her chief town, the most important in North America, to beggary; which abrogated the pro- visions of her charter, and took from the people the appointment of their judges, sherifls, and chief officers; 11 82 CENTENNIAL ANNIVEKSAllY OF THE Avhich forbade the town meetingH, whose si)irit had been too bold and lesokite to be pleasant; whkh denied to her citizens in many eases the trial by jury, and permitted them to be tiansjjorled to England or other eolonies for trial: a system Avhieh, if it eonld have been enfbreed, Avould have redueed her inhabitants to politieal servitude. Sustained by her own daring spirit, and by the generous encouragement of her sister eolonies, she had resisted; and the ten months that had i)reeeded Lexington and Concord had been practically those of war, although blows had not been struck, and blood had not been ^lu'd. In the speech of Mr. Burke, delivered March, 1775, upon conciliation with America, memorable not so much for its splendid eloquence (although it is among the masterpieces of the English langmige) as for its generous statesman- ship, he describes Massachusetts, the utter failure of the attemi)t to reduce her either to submission v;r anarchy, and her jjreservation of order even while she rejected the authority of the governor and judges appointed by the British crown. He closes by saying, " How long it will continue in this state, or what may come out of this unheard-of situation, how can the wisest of us conjecture?" Obviously no such condition of things could endure; and, before his words could cross the Atlantic, the ques- tion that he asked had been answeivd by the a])peal to arms. The hoof-beats of Paul li(ivere's horse along the Lexington road had announced, as the yeomanry of Middlesex, Essex, and Worcester sprang to aims to meet the movement of the British, on the evening of .ill BATTLE OF HUNrKKK lilLI.. 83 April 18, Irom Boston, that the lull was over, and that the storm had come in all its majesty. The day that followed had ehan^ed the relation of the contendinj:^ parties forever; but the battle of Hunker Hill is also one of the definite steps which mark the progress of the American lievolution. It was not the resistance only of those who will not submit to be opj)ressed, — it was the result of a distinctly aggressive movement on the part of those who claim the right to levy and maintain armies; nor can I better discharge the duty which has fallen on me, b}' the deeply regretted absence of the distinguished scholar and orator* who it was hoped would have addressed you, than by recall- ing its events, even if to some extent I shall seem to trespass npon the domain of the historian or the an- nalist. The deeds of brave men arc their true eulogy; and from a calm contemplation of them we may draw an inspirati(m and encouragement greater than could be derived from labored argument or carefully studied reflection. Lexington and Concord had been immediately fol- lowed by the gathering of the militia of Xew England for the siege of Boston, where Gage, now reinforced by Clinton, was compelled to rest, sheltered by the cannon of the ships of war, in command of the garrison of a beleaguered town. The foi'ce by which he was thus surrounded was an irregular one, sprung from the ardor and enthusiasm of the people, which far exceeded the means in their power; nor had it any distinctly recog- nized commander; for while a precedence was accorded * Hon. Robert C. Winthrop. 84 CENTKXNTAL ANNIVKRSAHY OF THE to General Ward, on aceonnt of his seniority, and because more tiian two-thirds of those assembled were Massachusetts men, as no cohmy could claim authoi-ity over another, it was an army of allies, the troops of each colony beinj? commanded by its own oflicers, while all the general officers formed a council of war. The occupation of Bunker Hill was resolved on at the suggestion of the Committee of Safety of Massachu- setts, made with knowledge that (ieneral Gage was about to take possession of the heights of Dorchester; and on the evening of the 16th of June the force des- tined for this formidable movement assembled upon the Common at Cambridge. It consisted of some seven or eight hundred men, drawn from the regiments of Pres- cott, Frye, and Bridge, and sonie two himdred men of Connecticut, from the regiment of Putnam, under Cap- tarn Thomas Knowlton ; the whole under the command of Colonel William Prescott. As they Ibrmed for their march, Langdon, the President of Harvard College, came from his study, and implored the blessing of God upon their then unknown and dangerous expedition. So always may the voice of this great institution oi' learning, which, among their earliest acts and in their day of weakness, our fathers dedicated to the cause of sound learning, seem to be uplifted in solemn invoca- tion above their sons in every struggle, whether in the forum or the field, for progress, for liberty, and for the rights of man! From her halls, then converted into barracks, had come forth the men who, within the thirty-five years that had preceded, had more largely than any others controlled and conducted the great HATTF.K OP MUNKEll HILL. 85 debate between Engl mid and her colonies, which, be- ginning distinctly in 17G4 by the proposed passage of the Stamp Act, was now to be settled l)y the arbitra- ment of arms. In 1740 had graduated Samuel Adams, and in his thesis for the Master's degree had main- tained the proiK)sition which was the ftnuidation of the Kevolution, that it was lawful to resist the supreme magistrate, if the CJommonwealth could not otherwise be preserved, lie had been followed, among others hardly less distinguished, by James Otis, by Cooper and Jiowdoin, Hancock and John Adams, by AVarren and Qnincy. Differing in ages and occupations, in personal (pmlities and mental characteristics, this remarkable group had been drawn together by a common enthu- siasm. To their work they had brought every energy of mind and heart; and they had so managed their share of the controversy, in which all the leading statesmen of Britain had participated, as to have commanded the respect of their opponents, while they inspired and con- vinced their own countrymen. Many lived to see their hopes fulfilled, yet not all. Already Quincy, the young- est of this illustrious circle, had passed away, appealing with his dying words to his countrymen to be prepared " to seal their faith and constancy to their liberties with their blood." Already the gloomy shadow of mental darkness had obscured forever the splendid powers of Otis ; and the hour of Warren was nearly come. It was nine o'clock in the evening, as the detach- ments, with Prescott at their head, moved from Cam- bridge. On arriving at Chai-lestown, a consultation was held, in which it is believed that Putnam, and 86 CKNTF-NNFAI. ANXIVKUSAIIY OF THK pcrhapM Pomoroy, joinod; and it was (U'tcMMn'mcd to Ibrlii'y liivt-d'H Hill, — not thon known by the distinctive name it has since borne, (yomu'cted with Bunker Hill by a lii^h ri(l<;t', these two eminences mij^fht not im- properly be considered as ])eakN of the same hill; and, for the i)uri)ose ol" annoyance to the liritish at Jioston, Breed's Hill was better adapted. To British shij), was s|>ii"ited and long. It was the opinion ()f Sir Henry Clinton tliat troops shoidd l)e landetl at the Neck, and the evidently small force upon the hill, then taken in reverse, would easily be captured. Hut this plan had been rejected by General Gage, as the force thus landed might be placed between two forces of the enemy, in violation of the military axiom that troo2)8 should be compelled to deal only with an enemy in front. While the rule is sound, its application in this case might well be doubted, as, by concentrating the fire of the British shi[)s and battei'ies, it Avould have been impossible that any organized force could have crossed the Neck, had the British forces landed near this point, and thus imprisoned the Americans in the peninsula. To attack the works in front, to carry them by main force, to show how little able the rabble that manned 88 CENTKNNIAIi AXXIVKKSAllY OF TIIK them was to com))ete with the troops of tlie kinjj^, ami to administer u Hterii rehiike that should punish severely those actually in arms, and admonish those whose loyalty was waverin*?, was more in accordance with the spirit that prevailed in the Uritish army. Its ofKcers were smarting under the disgraceful retreat from Lexingion and Concord, and wcmld not yet believe that they had before them foenien worthy of their steel. It was soon after twelve o'clock when the troojis connnenced their movements from the North IJattery and Long Wharf of lioston, landing at about one o'clock, without molestation, at the extreme point of the peninsula, known as Moulton's Point. On arriving, Major-General Howe, by whom they were conunanded, finding the work more formidable than he had antici- pated, determined to send for reinforcements. This dehiy Avas imwise; for the interval, although it brought him additional troops, proved of far more advantage to the Americans. When the news of the actual landing arrived at Cambridge, a considerable body of Massachusetts troops was ordered toward Charlestown, while General Putnam ordered forwai'd those of Connecticut. Of all these, however, comparatively few reached the line before the action was decided. Many never reached Charlestown at all; others delayed at Prospect Hill, appalled at the tremendous fire with which the British swept the Neck; while others came no further than Bunker Hill. It was nearly three o'clock in the afternoon when, ..i:iU!^ HATTLK OK MlJNKKIl MILL. 8i) iTiiirorccincnts l)avln<>- arrived, all was ivady in the ItritisI) liiu! for il)(. attack; and it is time to considfi- the character ofthc dcfcnccH creeled, and their |)()sitl()n, as well as the forces hy which they were then manned. The re(h»ul)t, which wonld incU)se the spot where the iMonnnicnt now stands, was upon the crest of IJreed's Hill, an eminence ahont seventy feet in hei<,^ht. It was ahont eijj^ht rods square, with its front toward the south, overlooking the town and Charles rivei-. Its south- eastern angle directly faced Coi)i)'s Hill, while its eastern side fronted extensive fields which lay between it and Moulton's Point; Moulton Hill, then about thirty feet in height, but now levelled with the surface of the ground, was situated between it and Moulton's Point. The eastern side of the redoubt was i)rolonged by a breastwork detached by a sally-[)ort, which extended for about one hundred yards toward a marsh; Avhilc the northern side overlooked the Mystic rivei-, from Avhich it was distant about five hundreil yards. For this work the conflict was now about to take place. It had, however, been strengthened upon the side tow^ard the Mystic by a jirotection without which it would have been untenable; and this addition had been made while General Howe was waiting for reinforcements, by the forethought of Prescott, the skilful conduct of Knowlton, and the fortunate arrival of Stark. Immediately ui)on the first landing, observing an . intention on the part of the British General of moving along the Mystic, and thus attempt- ing to outflank the AuKM-icans, Prescott had directed Knowlton, with the Connecticut detachment and with 12 If S ! ,^ , 90 CENTENNIAL AXMVEIJSATIY OF THE two field-pieces, to oppose them. Captain Knowlton, with his men, who, it Avill be remembered, were of the original connnand of Preseott, moved about six hundred I'eet to the rear of the redoubt upon the side towai-d the Mystic, and took a position there near the base of Bunker Hill, properly so called, finding a fence which extended tt)ward the Mystic, the foundation of which was of stone, and upon it two rails. Kapidly making-, Avith the materials he found, another fence a few feet distant, he filled the interval Avith grass from the fields Avhich the mower of yesterday had passed over, but upon which the " great reaper " was to gather to-day a rich harvest. While thus engaged, Stark (a part of Avhose men Avere detained at Jiunker Hill by Putnam on his proposed Avorks there), folloAved closely by Head, arrived, and, perceiving instantly the im- portance of this position for the defence of the intrenchments, — for the Avay, as he says, for the enemy Avas "^ so plain he could not miss it," — extended the line of KnoAvlton by rails and stones taken from adjoining fences until it reached the river, making on the extreme left on the beach a strong stone wall. As the rail-fence Avas so lar to the rear of the redoubt, there Avas of course an interval Avhich some slight attempt had been made to close, and where also Avas posted the artillery of the Americans, Avhich, hoAvever, insufficient of itself and feebly served, Avas of little importance during the action. In the mean time, fcAV although the reinforcements were, there had noAV arrived some fresh men to inspire Avith confidence those wlio had tailed Avith Preseott JtATTLK OK liUNKKIi HILL 1)1 tlir()ii<^li till' weary night and exhaustinj^ clay without food, drink, or rest. »Iu8t before the battle aetually eonnnenced, detaehinents from the Massachusetts re<^i- nients of Brewer, Xixon, AVoodbrid<:,e, Little, and Major ]\roore, reached the field. Most of these take their place at the breastwork on the left of the eastern front of the redoubt, and a similar breastwork more hastily made by using a cart-way upon the right. Upon the extreme right were posted a few troo[)s, extending toward the base of the hill, while two flank- ing parties were thrown out by Prescott to harass the en< my. A ])ortion of tiie Massachusetts troops who arrive endeavor to fill the gaj) which exists between the breast- Avork and the rail-fence, while yet a few take their stand at the rail-fence. Xotably among these latter is the veteran (ieneral Pomeroy, of Xorthampton, too old, as he thinks a few days later, when he 's chosen a brigadier by the Continental Congress, to accept so responsible a trust, yet not so old that he cannot fight yet in the ranks, although the weight of se\enty years is upon him. Later in the day, when his musket is shattered by a siiot, he waves the broken stock in his strong right hand as he directs the men, — a leader's truncheon that tells its owh story of the bravery by which it was won. All know the JH'ave old man; and as, declining any command, he takes his place as a volunteer, he is greeted with hearty cheers. To the i'edoul)t has now come Warren, in that s[)irit of a true soldier, who, having advised against a plan which has been adopted, feels the more called upon to make every efibrt that I 92 CEXTKXNIAI. AXNIVKKSAKY OK THE it shall succeed. The enthusiasm with which lie is received indicates at once the inspiration and encourage- ment that the men all feel in that gallant presence; but when Prescott oilers him the command, he having three days before been appointed a major-geneial by the Provincial Congress, he declines it, saying, "I come as a volunteer to serve under you, and shall be happy to leam from a soldier of your experieilce." The peninsula where the struggle was to take place was in full view acioss the calm waters of the harbor, and of the Charles and Mystic rivers, whose banks were lined with people, who with mournful and anxious hearts awaited the issue, while each house-top in the town was covered with eager spectators. From Cop])'s Hill, General Gage, with Jiurgoyne and Clinton, surrounded by troo[)s, ready themselves to move at an instant's warning, watches the onset of his forces. "^rhe cham[)ions are not unworthy of the arena in which they stand. To those who love the " pomp and circiuTistance "" of war, the British troops ])i'esent a splendid array. The brilliant light Hashes back from the scarlet unifoi'ms, the showy equipments, and the glitter- ing arms; and, as they move, there is seen the eft'ect of that disci])line whose object is to put at the disposal of the one who connnands the strength and fourage of the thousands whom he leads. They are of the best and most tried troops of the Hi-itish army; and some of the regiments havt- won distinguished honor on the battle-iields of Europe, in the same wars in which the colonies had poured out their blood on this side of the Atlantic in hearty and generous support of the British BATTLE OF BU^'KEU 11 ILL. 93 crown. Their veteran officers are men who have seen service in Enrope and America; and their yonnger ofKcers, Hke Lord liawdon and Lord Ilai'ris, bear names altei-wards distingnished in the chronicles of British warfare. The s^econd in connnand is Jirigadier-CTcneral l*igot, slight in person, l)ut known as an officer of spirit and judgment ; and their leader, Major-General Howe, bears a name which has been lo\ed and honoi-ed in America. The monmnent Avhich Massachusetts reared in Westminster Abbey to his elder brother, Lord Howe, who fell while leading a column of British and Ameri- cans at Ticonderoga in 1758, still stands to inscribe his name among the heroes of England, whose fame is guarded and enshrined Avithin that ancient pile. Above their lines waves the great British ensign, to which the colonies have alwKv looked as the emblem of their country, and with ..: s ■ is the "king's name," which even yet is a tower of strength in the land. As nearly as we can estimate, they number about four thousand men. General Gage's report indicates sufficiently that he does not intend to state the number engaged when he is compelled, later, to acknowledge the casualties of the day. Upon the other side a different scene presents itself. As the battle is about to open, at the redoubt and upon its flanks are the troops of Massachusetts; at the rail- fence ai'e the troops of Connecticut and those of N^ew Hampshire, with a few men of Massachusetts. How many there were in all cannot be determined with ac- curacy. Kegiments that are Irequently spoken of as being present at the engagement were represented by 94 CKNTKNNIAI. ANMVKUSAUY OF THK but weak (lotachnionts. Towards the dose of the batth a tbvv more arrive, but not more thau enoujj^h to make the plaee good of the losses that have in the mean time occuiTed. 'No judgment ean be formed more aeeurale than that ol' Washington, who was so soon after with the army, when many of the eircnmstanees Avere inves- tigated, and whose mature and earel'ully eonsidered opinion was, tliat at no time ui)on our side were more than fifteen hiuidred men actually engaged. As we look down the line, thei-e are symptoms everywhere of determination; for sueh has been the confusion, and so little has been the conunand which, in their movements, the officers have been able to exercise, that no man is there who does not mean to be there. A few free colored men are in the ranks, who do good service; but it is a gathering almost exclusively of the yeomanry of Xew England, men of the English race and l)1^o(i yy\y^) stand there that day because there has been an attempt to invade their rights as Englishmen, — rights guaranteed by their charters, and yet older than the ]\Iagna Charta itself. There are no uniforms to [)lcase the eye; but, as the cowl does not make the monk, so the uniform does not make the soldiei*, and in their rus- tic garb they will show themselves worthy of the name before the day is done. Xo flag waves above their heads; for they are this day without a country, and they light that they may have one, although they could not have dreamed that tTie eml)lem of its sovereignty- should float as it now does over millions of freemen fi-om the Atlantic to the far Pacific. The equipments and arms are of all descriptions; but those who carry ill iliil: BATTT.E OF BUXKER HILL 95 tlu'in know their vise, and all, more or less skilled as marksmen, mean, in their stern eeonomy of powder, whieh is their worst deficiency, that every shot shall tell. There is little discii)rme; but it is not an unwar- like i)o[)ulation, and among the men are scattered those who do not look ibr tlu' iirst time on the battle-field; and with all is that sense of individual i-esponsibility and duty which to some extent takes its place, — that proud self-consciousness that animates those who know that their own right hands must work their own deliverance. Poorly ofHcered in some respects, — for haste and bad management have i)ut many important posts into ineffi- cient hands, — there aif also with them officers who, from cxi)erience and ability, might be well counted as leaders on any field. They are Xew England men, fully understanding those they command, and exercising an influence, by force of their own characters, by their self-devotion and enthusiasm, which cause all around them to yield res])ectful and affectionate obedience. Roughly done, the works they have hastily made are yet formidable, the weakest part lying in the imper- fectly closed gap between the breastwork and the rail-fence. .Vt the rail-fence, anil on the extreme left, is Stark, distinguished afterwards by the battle of Bennington. He has shown the quick eye and ready hand of the practised soldier by the celerity with which he has extended this line to the Mystic river. Ivnowlton is there also, still with the Connecticut men, as yet but little reinforced, whose resolute conduct of this day deserves the same eulog> which it received from Wash- i rii f! 9G CENTENNIAL ANNlVERSAllY OP THE ington, when, :i year later, lie fell gloriously lighting on Harlem Heights at the head of liis regiment, — that "it would have been an honor to any eoun- try." Geneviil Putnam, an otJieer of ti-ied courage and of energetic character, luis come to share in the danger of the assault, now that it is evidently apjiroach- ing, and is everywhei'c along this portion of the line, inspiring, encouraging, and sustaining the men. All these, like Pomeroy, are veteran soldiers, who have served in the wars with Fi-ance and her savage allies; and it is a sundering of old ties to see the British Hag up on the othei- side. At the redoubt, sustained by Warren, stands the commandei* of the expedition which has fortified Breed's Hill. He has himself served in the provincial forces of Massachusetts under the British Hag, and that so bravely that he has been otfered a commission ill the regular army, but has ])refcri'ed the life of a farniei' and magistrate in ^Middlesex. His large and extensive inliuence he has given to the patriotic cause, and has been i-ecognized fi'om the fii'st as one of those men qualified to command. Powerful in person, with an easy humor which has cheered and inspired with confidence all who are around him, he waits, with a calmness and courage that will not fail him in the most desperate moment, the issue. The houi* that he has expected has come; and the gage of battle, so boldly thrown down by the erection of the redoubt, has been lifted. As the British army moved to the attack, it was in two wings; the tirst ai-ranged directly to assail the BATTLE OF UUXKER HILL. 97 rc'clou!)t, and led by Pi got ; while the other, com- msinded by (icneral Howe in j)erson, was divided into two distinct eohnnns, one of which, composed of light infantry, was close; to the bank of the river, and intended to tnrn the extreme left of our line, and with the colunui in front of the rail-fence to drive the Americans from their position, and cut off the retreat of those in the redoubt. In the opinion of General Jinrgoyre, General Howe's " arrangements were soldier-like and perfect ; " but the conduct of the battle does not, in a military point, deserve such high commendation. It was clearly an error on the ptat of General Howe to divide his forces, and make two points of attack instead of one; and an equal error to move up and de[)loy his columns to fire, in which his troops Avere at obvious disadvantage, from their want of protection, instead of making an assault without tiring. He had failed also to recognize the weak point in the line between the breastwork and the rail-fence, easier to carry than any other point, and, if carried, more certain to involve the whole American force. He had sluggishly permitted the erection of the formidable field-worlv of the rail-fence, the whole of which had been constructed without any interference subsequent to his arrival on the peninsula; nor, when constructed, does it seem to have occurred to him that, by a floating battery or gunboat stationed in the Mystic river, both of which were within his control, it could have been enfiladed, and the force there dislodged at once. As the British are seen to advance, the orders are la in 98 CENTENNIAL ANNIVKUSARY OF THE i'\\\ '>\\! m Hi rcue-.vcd along tho Avbolc Aniericnn line, in a hnndvcd dilVt'ivnt Ibrnis, not to Ihv t'U tlu' eni-niy arc Avitliin ten or twelve roils, and then to wait for the word, to nse their skill aw niarksnien, and to make every shot tell. For, although those at the entrenehnients and rail-fence act without innnediate concert, the scarcity of powder, and the fact that they are withont bayonets and can rely oidy npon their bullets, is known to all. It had been intended to cover the movement of the Hritish by a discharge of artillery; but the balls were, by some mistake of the ordnance officer, found too large lor the guns, and afterwai'd, when loaded with grape, it was found impossible to draw them throngh the miry ground, so that they ail'orded, in the first assault, no substantial assistance. The forces of Pigot moved slowly forward, impeded by the heavy knapsacks they had been encumbered Avith, and by the fences which divided the fields, and continued to fire as they thus advanced. ' As they got within gunshot, although their fire had done but little damage, our men could not entirely restrain their im]jatience; but, as some fired, Trescott, sternly i-e- buking the disorder, appealed to their confidence in him, and some of his officers, springing upon the parapet, kicked up the ginis that rested upon it, that they might be sure to wait. This efficient remon- strance had its effect, and the enemy were within ten or* twelve rods of the eastern front of the bicastworks when the voice of Prescott uttered the words for which every ear was listening, and the stream of fire broke from his line which, by its terrilile carnage, checked at I idll HATTM-: OK lUJNKKU HILL. 09 once the ii(lv'"'f(>. The aUackiiiit have boon ivstraiiu-d l>v tlu- wisdom of tlu'li-oHicti-s. At tlu' ivdouht, Prescotl, fcrlaiii lliaf the t'licmy will Hoon iv-lbrin and a<;ain attack, while \\v conimciids tlio men ibi* their t'omii<;(' and conj.^ratulatc's tlu-ni Ibr tlu-ir success, urges them to wait again loi- his onU-r before they fire. Putnam hastens from the lines, his object lu-ing to forward reinlbrcements, and \o arrange, il" possible, a new line of defence at Hunker Hill, projierly so called, where all was in ecujfusion, the men who had reached there being Jbr the most i)art entirely disorganized. The horror of the bloody field is now heightened by the burning of the prosperous town of Charli'stown. This had been threatened as early as Ai)ril 21, l)y (ren- eral Gage, if the American forces occupied the town; and the patriotic inhabitants had informed General Ward that they desired him to conduct his military operations without regard to it. (V)m])laining of the annoyance which the sharp-shooters posted along its edges gave to his troops ujxm the extreme lefit, (ieneral Howe has rcfpiested that it be tired, which is done by the cannon from Copp's Hill; it may be also, as was afterwards said, nnder the impression that his assaulting columns would be covered by its smoke. The smoke was drifted, however, in the other direction; and the ]irovincials bolield without dismay a deed Avhich indi- cated the ruthless mode in which the war was to be prosecuted. As the enemy advanced to the second assault, their fire was more effective. ^Vt the redouljt. Colonels Buckminster, Brewer, and Xixon are wounded; Major Moore mortally. No general result is produced ; HATTMO OF HI NKKK MILL. 101 and n<::nin, as tlu'V ivacli llio dlslance pivscrihcd, tlio fii'o of the Aincrlcaiis, diicott'd HimultaiU'oiisly alonj^ Iho Avliokf li'ii;;th ol" llu' liiu', alike of the ri'douht and hrcaslwork as well as tlic rall-fonci'. Is even iiiori' dii- sti'uc'tlvc than hi lore. Standin*:^ the Hrst shoek, tlie enemy <'ontinue to advance and lii'e still; hut against so rapid and eU'ective a wave as they now receive, it is im- possible to hold their ht he leads in person. They are to assault to-le, and Pigot, upon the eastern front of the redoubt, while ilovve's own fore is to carry the breastwork, and, strikin<^- between it and tiie rail- fence, bar the way of retreat. .Vgainst this formidable array m) other preparation could be made by Prescott than to i)lace at the angles of his redoubt the few bayonets at his disposal, and to direct that no man should fire uniU the enemy were within twenty yards. The fire of the liritish artillery, now rendered ettective, sweeps the inside of the breastv ork, and, no lonjrer tenable, its defenders crowd within the redoul '.. Auain the voice of Prescott is heard, as the attacking colunnis approach and are now only twenty yards distant, giving the order to lire. So telling and deadly is the discharge that the front ranks are almost prostrated by it; but, as the fire slackens, the British columns, which have wavered for an instant, move steadily on without returning it. Almost simultaneously upon the three points which are exposed to the assault the enemy reach the little earthwork Avhich so much brave blood has been spent to hold and to gain; and, while they are now so near that its sides already cover them, its conunander, determined to maintain it to the last extremity, orders those of his men who have no bayonets to retire to the rear and fire upon the enemy as they mount tiie parapet. ill I BATTLE OF BUXKEIl HILL. 105 Those who first ascend are shot down as they scale the works, among- them Pitcalrn, whose rashness (even if we give him the benefit of tlie denial he always made of having ordered his soldiers to fire at Lexington) still renders him responsible for the first shedding of blood in the strife. Jn a few moments, however, the redoubt is half filled l)y the storming columns; and, although a fierce conflict ensues, it is too unequal for hope, and shows only the courage which animates the men, who, without l)ayonets, use the butts of their muskets in the fierce efibrt to stay the now successful assault. As the enemy are closing about the redoubt, 11' the force is to be extricated fi-om capture, the word to i-etreat must be given, and reluctantly the brave lips, which have spoken only the words of cheer and enc(nu'agement, utter it at last. Already some are so involved that they hew their way through the enemy to join Prescott, and he himself is again and again struck at by the bayonet, of which his clothes give full proof afterward, but defends himself with his sword, the use of which he understands. As our forces leave the redoubt by the entiance on the northern side, they come between the two columns which have turned the breastwork, and the south-eastern angle of the redoubt. These are, however, too much ex- hausted to use the bayonet effectually, and all are so mingled togethei- that Ibr a few moments the British cannot fire; but as our men extricate themselves the British re-form, and deliver a heavy fire upon them as they retreat. In the mean time the attack has been renewed upon the rail-fence, but its defenders know Avell that, if they 14 106 CENTEXNrA.L AXNIVEKSAllY OF THE ■t? .•■,..i>i 1 1=^ ^ would save their eountrynien at the redoubt, they must hold it resolutely Ibl* u lew momeuts louger, and they defend it nol)ly, resistinjj every attempt to turn the flank. They ^ c soon that Preseott has left the hill, that the intrenehnients are in the hands of the enemy at last; and, their own woi-k galUintly done, they retreat in better order than could have been expected of troops who had so little organization, and who looked for the first time on a battle-Held. Upon the crest of Bunker llill (propei'ly so called) General Put- nam, with the confused forces already there, gallantly struggles to organize a line and make a new stand, but without success. Our forces recross the Neck and occupy Ploughed Hill, now Mount Benedict, at its head; but there is no disposition on the part of the British to jmi'sue, for the terrible slaughter too well attests the price at which the nominal victory has been obtained. The loss of the British, according to General Gage's account, was in killed antl wounded ten hundred and fifty-four, and it was generally believed that this was understated by him. There was inducement enough to do this; for so disastrous was his despatch felt to be that the government hesitated to give it to the public, until forced to do so by the taunts of those who had opposed the war, and the method by which it had been provoked. Sir William Howe seemed to have borne that day a charmed life ; for, while ten officers of his staff were among the killed and Avounded, he had escaped sub- stantially uninjured. His white silk stockings, draggled with the crimson stain of the grass, wet with the blood BATTLE OP BUNKEIl HILL. 107 of his men, attested that he had kept the promise made to them on the beaeh, that he should ask no man to go further than he was prepared to lead. On the American side the loss, as reported by the Committee of Safety, was in killed and wounded four hundred and forty-nine, — by far the larger part of these casualties occurring in the capture of the redoubt, and after the retreat commenced. Prescott, who, in the hours that had passed since he left Cambridge, had done for the independence of his country work that the greatest might well be satisfied with doing in a lifetime, was unhurt; but as the retreat commenced Warren had fallen, than whom no man in America could have been more deeply deplored. Massachusetts in her Congress, and the citizens of all the colonies, united in doing honor to his heroic self-sacrifice, and pure, noble fame; but no eulogy was more gi'aceful than that of Mrs. John Adams, herself one of the most interesting figures of the Revolution, or more touching than that of the warm-hearted Pome- roy, who lamented the cajjrice of that fortune which had spared him in the day of battle, an old war-worn soldier whose work was nearly done, and taken Warren in the l)rightness of his youth, and with his vast capacity to sei-ve his country. Yet for him who shall say it was not well; there are many things in life dearer than life itself: honor in its true and noble sense, patriotism, duty, all are dearer: to all these he had been faithful. His position is forever among the heroes and martyrs of liberty, — his reward forever in the affection of a grateful people. As the dead always bear to -is the i .1 1. m II ill' hv''i' 108 CENTENNIAL ANNIVEUSAUY OF THE image which they last bore when on earth, and as by the subtle power of the imagination we sunnnon before us the brave who stood here for their country, that noble ])resence, majestic in its manly beauty, seems to rise again, although a hundred years are gone, WMth all the lire of his burning eloquence, with all the ardor of his patriotic enthusiasm, with all the loftiness of his gen- erou-s self-devotion. So shall it seem to rise, although centuries moi-e shall pass, to inspire liis countrymen in every hour of doubt and trial with a valor and patriotism kindred to his own. The story I have told, fellow-citizens, has been often related before you far more vividly; nor has it been in my power to add anything to the facts which patient and loving investigation has long since brought to light. Tested by the simple rule that whoever holds or gains the ground fought for wins the victory, the battle was, of course, at its close, a defeat for the provincial forces ; but it was a defeat that carried and deserved to carry with it all the moral consequences of a victory. As General Burgoyne gazed from Copp's Hill on the scene which he so graphically describes in a letter to Lord Stanley, he was saddened, he says, " by the reflection that a defeat woidd be perhaps the loss of the British empire in America; " but, although in his eyes a victory, it was one which equally marked the loss of that empire. The lesson drawn from it was the same both in Europe and America. "England," wrote Franklin, "has lost her colonies forever;" and Washington, as he listened with intense interest to the narrative, and mi BATTLE OF BUNKEK HILL. 109 heard that tlie troops he was coming" to command had not only withstood the lire of the regulars, but had again and again repulsed them, renewed his expressions of coniidence in final victory. In England the news was received Avith mortification and astonishment; no loss in proportion to the immber engaged had ever been known so serious; and in the excited debates of the Parliament it was aiterwards alleged to have been caused by the misbehavior of the troops themselves. The charge was certainly unjust; for, whatever may be thought of his own management, the troops he had directed deserved the praise that General Gage gave them wlien he said, " British valor had never been more conspicuous than in this action." From his eyes the scales seemed to have fallen at last; and closely beleaguered still, even after the victory he claimed, he acknowledged that the people of !New England were not " the despicable rabble they had sometimes been represented," and recognized that an oifensive campaign hei'c was not possible. The shi-ewd Count Vergennes, who, in the hour of the humiliation of France by the loss of her colonial possessions, had predicted that she would be avenged by those whose hands had largely wrought it, and that as the colonies no longer needed the protection of Great Britain they would end by shaking ofl^' all dependence u])on her, was now the French ]\[inistcr of Foreign Affairs, and keenly renuu'kcd that " if it won two more such victories as it had won at Bunker Hill, there would be no Bi'itish army in America." The battle of Bunker Hill had consolidated the Rev- 110 CENTENNIAL ANN1VEU8AUY OF TllK i! olntion. Had the result been (liffevent; had it been shown that the hasty, ill-disoii)lined k'vies of New Enghmd could not stand l)efore the ti'oops of the "king (or the ministerial troops, as our official docmnents called them) ; had the easy victory over them, which had been foolishly promised, been weakly conceded, — the cause of independence might have been indefi- nitely postponed. Nj;y, it is not impossible that armed resistance might for the time have ended, and that other col6nies not so deeply involved in the con- test might have extricated themselves, each making such tei-ms as it pleased or as it could. But the cool- ness and splendid valor with which the best troops then known had been met, the repulses which they had again and again encountered, the bloody and fearful cost at which they had finally carried the coveted point, that their opponents had yielded only when ammunition utterly failed — had shown that the yeomanry of New England were the true descendants of that race who, on the battle-fields of England, had stood against and triumphed over King Charles and his cavaliers. "New England alone,^' said Jolm^ Adams, " can maintain this war for years." He was right; the divisions that existed elsewhere were prac- tically unknoAvn here; no matter what colonies hesi- tated or doubted, her path was straightforward, and her goal was independence. While her colonies deferred to the Continental Congress the form of government they should adopt, each had taken into its own hands all the powers that rightfully belong to sovereign States, and exercised them through its BATTLE OP BUNKER IirLL. Ill 'l^rovlneial Congress and its committees. Heartily desiring and eagerly looking forward to u union of the colonies, she had settled that in her local alfairs she was competent to govern herself: this she had maintained that day in arms, and her period of vassalage was over. Willingly would I pursue the theme further; but the limits which custom prescribes for an address of this nature are too narrow to permit this. You know well the years of doubt, anxiety, and struggle that succeeded; but before we part something should be said of those that have passed since their triumphant close. I have forborne to speak of the causes which led to .the American Revolution. They have recently been so carefully and ably analyzed by the distinguished orators who aided in the celebrations at Concord and Lexington, that I have preferred to devote a few moments to a consideration of some of its eftects, by which the propriety and wisdom of such a movement in human alfairs must always be eventually tested. That the formation and adoption of the Constitution of the United States has been to us, since our inde- pendence was finally achieved, the great event of the century, must be universally conceded. It was the great good fortune and the crowning triumph of the statesmen who guided us through the Revolution, that they lived long enough to embody its results in a permanent and durable ibrm; for it is harder to secure the fruits of a victory than to win the victory itself. Many a day of tiiumph upon the field has been but a day of carnage and of empty gloiy, barren in all that 112 CENTENNIAL ANNIVETiSARY OF THE III iii liJ"i & I was valuable; and the victories that have been won upon the political field are no exceptions to the rule, with which history teems with illustrations. Our ancient ally, whose services duriug the last years of our war were of so much vahie to our ex- hausted treasury and armies, and whose gift of the generous and chivalric Lafayette at its opening was almost equally ])recious, passed a few years later than we through its own desperate struggle; yet, although that tierce tide swept in a sea of fire and blood over all the ancient institutions of the monarchy, how impossi- ble it has proved to this day for Fi-anee to supply the place of the government which it so sternly overthrew with one thoroughly permanent, giving peace and security! Kepublic, Directory, Consulate, Empire, Kingdom, have had their turn ; dynasty after dynasty, faction after faction, have asserted their sway over her. For a government under the constitutions of the several States, and under that of the United States, this people was prepared alike by its previous history, and by that which followed its separation from Britain. It was the legitimate outgrowth of experience, and not a government framed, like those of the Abbe Sieyes at the end of their revolution for the French, by the aid of philosophic speculation, and on the basis of that which should be, and not of that which was. While the colonies, by means of their i-epresentative and leg- islative systems, had been accustomed to deal with their local affairs, and impose their local taxation, and had successfully resisted the attempt to interfere with BATTLE OP lUJXKKU HILL. " 113 these rights, yet, from the reUition they had also been nceustomed to sustain toward JJi-itain, it was not to tlieni a novel idea that two governments, eaeh com- plete and supreme within its sphere, might coexist, the one controlling the local allairs of each individual State, while the othei- exercised its powers over all in their intercourse with each other and with foreiffn nations. Painfully conscious of their weakness, the desire for a union of all had gone hand in hand with the desire of eaeh to preserve its own separate organization. The first Continental Congress had not exercised political authority; it had assembled only on behalf of the United Colonies to petition and remonstrate against the various arbitrary acts of the British government. Those which followed, however, with patriotic courage had boldly seized the highest powers; yet, as they could exercise such powers only so far as each State gave its assent and sustained them, the necessary result followed that their decrees were often but feebly executed, and sometimes utterly disregarded. Later in the war the Confederation had followed, by which it had been sought to fix more definitely the relation of the States by giving more determinate authority to the Congress, and to rescue the country from the financial ruin which had overtaken it. But the powers of the Congress of the Confedera- tion, like those of the Continental Congress, were such as were consistent only with a league of sovereign and independent States, and were in their exercise less efl3.caciou8, because they had been carefully defiiled and 16 114 CKNTKNNrAL ANNIVEllSAUY OF THE limited. The C.'onfedeiation did not coiiHtitutc a gov- ernment; it did not assnme to act npoii tlie people, but upon the seveial States; and upon them no'meaus existed of enlbreing its requisitions and decrees, or of compelling- them to the perlbrmance of the treaties it might make, or the obligations it might incur. Among allied powers, from the nature of the case, there is no mode of enforcing the agreement of alliance except by war. The great work of achieving independence had, how- ever, been completed by the^ Confederation in spite of all its weakness and inherent defects. These were, however, more clearly seen when the sense of an imme- diate and common danger, and the cohesive pressure of war, were withdrawn. A mere aggregation of States could not take its place among the peoples of the world. A national sovereignty was needed, capable of establish- ing a financial system of its own, of raising money for its own support by taxation or regulations of trade, of forming ti-eaties with sulticient power to execute them, of insuring order in every State, of bringing each State into proper relations with the others, and able, if need be, to declare Avar or maintain peace, — a sovereignty which shonld act directly on the people themselves in the exercise of all its rightful powers, and not throngh the intervention of the States. The years of unexampled depression which followed peace with Britain were not attributable only to the exhaustion of war: the impossibility of establishing a financial or a commeix'ial system, the sense of insecurity that prevailed, paralyzed industry and enterprise. Al- ^ liATTLK OK lUJNKKK HIM.. U;"; ready Jarrinf^s and contc'st.s hotwuen thu Hovcral States ])re.sa«,^ed the dan;;i'r which had destroyed the republies of (ireeee and those ol' Italy (lurin<,^ the Middk' Aj,^eH; already eivil discord, which, aUhou^di supix-es.sed, had thrown the State temporarily Into confusion, had made its appearance in Massachusetts; already doubts he^^an to be expressed, even by some who had been ardent in the patriot cause, whether they had been wise to separate from a <,^overnment which, even if monai-chical, was strong and able to did'end and protect its subjects ; and it had come to be realized that there must be somewhere a controUin"^ power competent to maintain peace between the States, and to gu. rantee to each the security of its own govci'nment. The Convention which met at Philadelphia in 1787 gave these States a government, and made them a na- tion; and while I know to that which is impersonal there is wanting much of the ardor that i)ei'sonal loy- alty inspires, yet, so far as there may be warmth in the devotion we cherish for an institution, it should awaken at the mention of the Constitution of the United States. The noble preamble declares by whom it is made, and defines its purposes : " We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and se- cure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our pos- terity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." In the largest measure it has fulfilled these objects; and the judgment and far- seeing wisdom with which its founders met the difficul- 116 CKNTKNNIAL ANMVElt.SAKV Ol' TlIK ill :-' tioH ht'fbro them more jmd more cliallen^j^e our admirji- tion as the years advance and the repnlilie extends. Formed by men wh(> dillered widely in their views, — Homc who eUm^ resohitely still to the idea tliat it wa- danfjferous to the liberties of tlu^ States to eonstituti' an eilicient central power, and othei-s who, like Hamilton, preferred a (onsolidated government whose model should I)e the British Constitution, — it might easily have been tluit a government so framed should have been a pateh- work of* incongruities, whose discordant and ii-rccon- cilable provisions would have revealed alteriuitely the intluence of either opinion. Yet, ditfering although they did, they were statesmen still; and, educated in the rough scliool of adversity and trial, they realized that a government must be constructed capable alike of daily efHcient practical operation, and of adapting itself to the constantly varying exigencies in which sovereign States nuist act. How doubtful they were of their suc- cess, how nobly they succeeded in the government they made, to-day we know. We have seen its vast capacity for expansion as it has received under the shield, on which are eud)lazoned the arms of the Union, State alter State, as it has arisen in what was on the day of its formation the untrodden wilderness, and advanced to the blessings of liberty and civilization; we have recognized the flexibility it pos- sesses in leaving to States materially differing in local characteristics and interests the control and manage- ment of their immediate affairs; and we have known its capacity to vindicate itself in the wildest storm of civil commotion. HATTLK OF HUNKKU HILL. 117 liCt UH ;j:uiird tliiH Union woll; for as upon It all that is <»l„|.i,,„H i„ (In. |,.,st •,^ i-cHlinn^, so upon it all ourlioiu'S of the lulureaic founded. Lot uh demand, of those who are to adi liHter ItH «^reat powers, purity, disinterested- neHs, devok on to well-Hettled, eari^fully considered j)rin- ciplcH and eonvictions. Let us eherisii the homely hut manly virtues of the men who for it met the storm of war in behalf of u«^ovenmient and a country; their sim- l)le faith in what was just and ri lirst ..n...l:,/,..n...l n,,on a lla^- of hattl." ; an.l it is thronj,'!. tho sn...k.. an.l .Ins. ..f .!..■ .■.n.lli.a an.nn.l nnni^.-r's Hill that tluMv loon.s n,. -nost distinc-tlv t., ('..nnoclicnt eyes ..ne hen.ie lif,nnv ot the Kev..lnti..n,-the n.an -who .laml to hvul where any dare.l to follow,"— Israel I'ntnani. It is for these reas.,ns. especially, that it -uve n.e Rreat pleasure to vartieipate in the sni.erh .le.nonstration in B.»ston yesterday, an.l that I n.,w re^M-et the circnn.slMnces which deprive.l n>e of tho pleasure ol sharing in all the snhse.inent ..xercis..s in Clnirlestown. 1 am. sir. v.'ry respectl'nlly yours, CllAKLES U. INGEHSOLL. (i. Washington Wauukn. Ksip, I'resident Bunker Mill Association, etc., etc., Charlestown, Mass. The following letters und despatches were received by the Mayor : — STATK OK LOUISIANA. IMayoualty of Nkw Orlkans, Crrv IIau., 22d day of May, 1875. Hon Samukl C. Cobb, Mayor nf Boston, 3/a.ss. ; — Di-AU SiK.-Your esteemed lavor of the 17th inst., inviting me to participate in the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the B.attle of Bunker Hill, and tendering me the hospitalities of your city, has just been received. Please return mv sincere thanks to the gentlemen of your City Council for their very kind invitation, and say to then, that my ollicial duties preclude the possibility of n.y accepting the same. Permit me to assure you, sir, that it is with great regret that I have to deny myself the pleas,!re of visiting your noble city, and of joining with you in the celebration of an event so rei)lete with interest to all BATTLE OK UTJNin'llJ HILL. U5 "•'..• lovorM of our country. AVitl, „.y Lost uisl.o. for y,,,,,. supcohk, ;-"' ""• '01.C that yo„ will havo a ^Morioun cdcUatiuu, 1 l.avo the Honor to Ijc, Hir, ulth grciit rc'spect, Your oljcdiciit Hcrvaiit, CIIAllLKS .J. LKKDS, Mii;/>jr. CITY OF MICMI'JIKS. Mayou'.s Oi iki:, ^I'^^'i'i'is, Ti;nn., May29th, l,S7r,. To irrs Honor SAMcor. C. Co,.,., ^fayor of Boston, Ma... — I)--.A,t Sm,-Yo„r val.,0,1 favor of tl... 17, st., witi. i,.vitatio,i, l.of.. the co,n,n,t,.... appoin.o.l by tho City Council of I.os.on, to be P-vscnt at U.o Cen.c,u,ial Annivo,.sa,.y of the IJattlc of Bunker Hill, un, tondonn. the hospitalities of th. city on the occasion, can.c duly to hand, for which please accept n,y sincere and gn.teful acknowled.:. ">cnts. postponcl answering until now with the hope that it wouhl be posMble tor ,ne to be p.-sent and participate in one of the grandest celeb,.at.ons winch has ever occur.vd in A,ne,.ica. But I an, sir I regret to say, co.npclled by a p,-essurc of public business to decline your conhal .nvitation , this I reg... the ,..„,., as the occasion would 1-vc a„o,-dcd „,e an excellent, and ,nuch desired, opportunity to ex- press to you personally, the thanks of our citizens to the good people of Boston lor their liberality and very g.-eat kindness t^ us ,, he days o( allliotion gone by, A„,erican8 have, in every section of this vast countrv, scenes to 1>- ."'o and events to speak of to stin.ulate national pride ; but nothin. W.1 live onger ,n history than the recollection of the vulor and darin^ of the M.nute Men at Bunker ilill ; and none know better how to koep abveaspiritof patriotis,n and celebndc gn-at events than the people Oi Massachusetts. May its future be as prosperous as its past lias been glorious. ^ With assurances of respect, I am, dear sir, your obedient servant, 1„ Jt)ii^'< LOAGUE, Maijor. 146 CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF THE CITY OF OMAHA. To Ills IIoNou Samikl C. Corns, Ma;/or of Boston : — Dkau Sii!. — I liavc the honor to iicknowlcdge tlii' receipt of yours of the 17th lilt., infoi'inniu' me tliat the eoniinittee appointed by the City Council of IJoston, to make arran<>ements for the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the Battle of Bunker Hill, on the 17th of .Tune, 187."). cordially invites nie. as IVIayor of the City of Uniaha, to accept the hospitalities of your city on that occasion. Since its receipt I have been endeavoring so to arrange my oflicial duties and professional engagements as to accept your most courteous invitation. I lind myself, however, at this late day, unable so to do, and am therefore most reluctantly .omjx'llcd to decline it. The thought that I might be permitted to be with you and \vitn.es.s the patriotic pageant of that — the great occasion to your city of the present century — has afforded me as nuich pleasure as the anticipa- tion of being at riiiladelpliiu on the Itli of ,luly, 187C. Having been raised on a farm in the Old Granite State, one hun- dred miles from Boston, th.at city, was, dui'ing my earl}' boyhood, before railroads, forty years ago, our chief market. Tiionce, each winter, as scjon as the sleighing permitted, mj- father — who, allow me to mention here, was born in the same town, Cornish, on the 4th of July, 177(5 — took his produce to exchange for family supplies. it was the highest ambition of flic boys of my time to visit Boston, and the few who iiad that privilege were envied by all the others in the neighborhood, it is now tliirty years since I have seen your city, but my early attachment to it, and admiration for it, have never ceased. Jt is indeed a solid city, and worthy of the good name it bears for intelligeuce and connnercial greatness. In behalf of our young city, which I know has m.any strong friends in Boston, I thank you and the City Council of your city for this courtesy extended to Omaha, and assure you that the sons of New England, of whom there are many here, will take a deep interest in the celebration whii'ii marks the one huudredtli anniversary of the Battle of Bunker Hill, — a battle in which the forefathers of some of them jtarticipated. Allow me in closinu; to oHer the following sentiment : — I 1 ■■ liATTF.E OF BUNKER IIILL. 147 Blinker Hill Moniiiiiout and the CMty of Boston : the one perpetu- ates the ptitriotisni of worthy sires ; the other illustrates the enter- prise of dutiful sons. I am, sir, most respectfull}' 3-ours, C. J. CHASE. Mayou's Ofi'ick, Omaha, June ,5th, 187'). Allen-town, Pa.. June 17th, 187;'). To the Mayou of Boston : — AYc are celebrating the battle of Bunker Hill here, to-daj, under the auspices of the Ladies' Centennial Association of this city and county. Twenty thousand people are [)resent on tlie fair grounds participatiiig in the celebration, and witnessing the reproduction by our military of the liuMlllMg scenes of that memorable event. We congratulate you on the profession at Bunker Hill ; but Pennsylvania claims as her right a share and interest in the great issues which that struggle helped to inaugurate. LADIES' CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE. I Pjhlauelpiiia, June 17th, 1X75. To Mis Honor the Mayor oe Boston : — The National Board of Trade, in session at Philadelphia, pauses, in its consideration of questions relating to the commercial and indus- trial interests of our common country, and begs to oiler to Boston, to Massachusetts, and to the nation at large, its expression of patriotic fervor, its love and devotion to the national life, and its earnest hope th.at those liberties whicii the blood of Bunker Hill helped to establish may never b(! abridged. By unanimous vote of the board. FREDERICK FKALEY, President. CHARLES RANDOLPH, Secretary. i Tl ■^1 APPE ND IX. THE LITERATURE OF BUNKER HILL, WITH ITS ANTECEDENTS AND RESULTS. [PhEPARED BV Jl'STIN WiNaOR, SUPEHINTENDENT OF THE BOSTON PUBLIC LlimAUY.] [Note. —The following survey of the literature of the history of IJoston during the Eevolutionary period, beginning with the excitement over the application for " Writs of Assist- .luce" in 17G1, and ending with the transfer of the scat of actual war, upon the evacuation of Boston, in iMarch, 1776, — has been prejjared to meet the renewed interest incident to the centennial celebrations. It is uot intended to uiake refer- ence to all works, but only to such as are indicative in some respect.] WRITS OF ASSISTANCE, 1701. Shortly after the close of the French war, when tlic British govern- iiK'iit was no longer dependent on the friendly assistance of tlie col- onics, and rcvonne was to be got from enforcing the acts of trade, the ai)plicati()n of tlic agents of goveriniient for " Writs of Assistance" was met I).v James Otis in liis pica against the grant. Tudor's life of Otis makes that patriot the centre of interest at this period, and tlie legal aspects of the case can be studied in Horace Gray's Appendix to the Reports of cases in the Superior Court, 1761-1772, by Josiali Quincy. The third volume of Hutchinson's "History of jNIassaclm- sctts," 17r)0-1774, gives the governmental view, while in Minot's History, 1 748-1 7()0, the patriot side is sustained, and this view is represented in the lives of Josiali Quincy, John Adams, and Samuel Adams. In its broad relations as indicating the temper of the people it is discussed liy Bancroft in his " History of tlie United States;" by Ilildreth in his " History of the United States ; " by Frotliingha'm in his " Rise of the Republic ; " by Barr; , in his " IIis"tory of Massa- chusetts," etc. . 152 APPENDIX. STAMP ACT, 1705. To the authoritios iiiunod in the procoiliiis section nuiy be udaeil, lor loenl colorii.-;-. the chapters in tiie liistories of Boston by Drake, and by Snow. See also elv. 1 1 of Tndor's Otis. J?: ! ITdT-l"""). Tliis period and its patriotic movements are made the special theme uf Frolhingliani's - Warren and his Times ;" and in tlie same anthor's " Kise of the Eepnblic" the action of the patriots is viewed as tendinu; to form tlie national spirit. A chai.ter in Tndor's Otis is given to characteriziim- the people of Boston at this time ; and in the collec- tion of contenn.orary .locuments called Niles's " Principles and Acts of the Revolntion," the si.irit of tiie people can be read in their own words and writings. In Mercy barren's (she was a sister of James Otis) "History of tlie American Uevohition" we have the characters of the most distinonislied of the patriots drawn by one who knew them closely. The inllnence of the press is traced in the third era of Ilndson's " History of American Jonrnalism," and the aspects can be stndicd in the tiles of the live newsi)apers pnblished in Boston at this time : — Fleet's Evening Post, patronized both by the whigs and the govern- ment. The Boston Newsletter, the only i)aper which continned to be pnblished dnring the siege. The Massachusetts Gazette, the chief organ < ? the government. The Boston Gazette, devoted to the patriots. The Massachusetts Spy, devoted to the patriots. The most important journal out of Boston was the Essex Gazette. For the influence of the clergy, see Thornton's " Pulpit of the Revolution," and the " Patriot Preachers of the Revolution," LSIH). As before, the lives of leading patriots nmst be consulted, — AYells's " Life of Samuel Adams ; " the life and diaries of John Adams ; Quincy's " Life ofJosiahQuincy;" Austin's "Life of Elbridge Gerry;" and the general histories, like those of the United States by Bancroft and Ilildreth ; and those of Massachusetts by INIinot and Barry, etc. The third volume of Hutchinson's Massachusetts still gives the BATTLE OP BUNKER HILL. 153 torv view, an.l the later British estimate of the period is found in JMaiiou's (Stanhope's) " History of England." For tiie local associatio.is of the Province House, Green IJra-ron la^•ern, etc., see iShurtlefrs -Description of Boston," and Drake's " Old Landmarks and Historic Personages of Boston." BOSTON MASSACRK, 1770. Frothiugham, in his articles in the Atlantic Monthly, June and August, 18G2, an.l November, 18G3, on the " Sam Adams Regi- ments," traces carefully the progress of events from October, 1768 which culminated in the massacre in March, 1770, and this matter is epitomized in ch. G of his "Life of Warren." Bancroft treats It ui all Its relations, in chapter 4;5 of his sixth volume ; and it is the subject of special treatment by Kidder in his " Boston Massacre " and in the introduction to Loring'a " Hundred Boston Orators'" Capt. Preston, the royal officer who commanded the soldiers, was defended at his trial by John Adams and Josiah Quincy, and the lives of these patriots treat of their defence. The accoimts of the trial, and the collection of orations delivered on succeeding anniver- saries, are necessary to a full understanding of the event. See also Snow's "History of Boston," the lives of Otis, Samuel Adams, etc., and the general hi tories. Crispus Attucks, one of the slain, usually called a mulatto, is held to have been a half-breed Indian in the American Historical Record Dec, 1872. ' TIIE TEA PARTY, DEC, 1773. Frothingha'm, in his "Life of Warren," ch. 9, has given the details, and in his " Rise of the Republic," ch. 8, has shown its political significance, and has again taken a general survey in his Centennial paper, in the Proceedings of tlie Massachusetts Historical Society, Dec, 1873. See also the collections of this Society 4th series, vol. m. I„ ch. 2 of Reed's "Life of Joseph Reed," and in Sparks's " Washington," the relations of the patriots of Boston to those of the other colonies at this time can be studied. Bancroft gives to it ch. 50 of his sixth volume ; and Barry, ch. 15 of his second vol- 154 ArPENDIX. r, „™e. IIo.cs, an actor in the scene, has gncn an account n h « ..Traits of the Tea Party." There are iUustnvtne clocunents m Force's •' An.rican Archives," vol..; in Giles's ^' Pru.cplcs and Acts of the llevoh.tio„ ; " and the conten,porary accounts and records have been reprinted fron, the Boston Gazette ol Dec. 0, n.a.by Poole, in one of tlie State Registers. u -Rn^ton • " See further Tudor's '' Life of Otis," ch. 21 ; bno. s 'Boston, ^MWs Kcister, 18-27, vol. xxxu,., p. To, IVom Flint's Western mX K-iewfor July, 1827 ; Lossing in Harper's Monthly, vol. .v. BOSTON TOUT BILL, 1774. General Gage arrived in Boston in May, to put the provisions of Uu! hi in fovce, June 12. Its political bearings can be traced m B .croft and in Frothingham's Warren, ch. 10, and n. h.s " R.se ot fhe Cbic;" and the military sequel in Frothingh.n's ' S.ege of Boston." Sec also Tndor's Otis ; Wells's Sann.cl Adan. ; '^ L.fo of John Adams ; " " Life of Josiah Qu.ncy." Illustrative docun^ents will be found u. Fo-e, vo In. Se^^ the aiary of Thomas Newell, in Boston, Nov., 1773, to^^e-, ^.-^ n plecdings of Massachusetts Historical Society, Feb., 8.., and n tir Collections, 4th series, vol. . The Correspondence o Boston Donatio. Committee, relative to the suppbes sent to t le !mtrgoed town from other places, is given in the Massachusetts mst Heal Society's Collections, 4th series, vol. w. For co.espon- "nlf the Boston patriots _ with those of the other colomes, see T?ppd's " Life of Joseph Keed." The Suffolk Resolves, passed at Milton, Sept. 9, 1774, can be found in the appendix to Frothingham's Warren. 1775, JANUAKY — MARCH. For .he interval 1«forc the aetu.l hostilities at Co„eo,0 «ill Mow Frothingham', "Siege of Boston," eh. 2, an.l eonsnlt o, ,ih ..>■ tive doenments Foree's " American Archive.," vol. ■., where «,11 ho : no Zniere. narrative ot his e.„ora,io„s -^^^^^'^^^ set information for General Gage. For parUcnlars of Leshe s e»,,c aln .» Salem, in March, see Endleotf, article in the Vroceed.ngs BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 155 of tlio Essex Institute, vol. i. ; and tlio •' Life of Timothy Pickering," vol. I. Also, (;,.or{r,> 15. Lurinfi's, and other addivssoH at the Centen- nial Celebration, 187.1. The contemporary evidence relative to the expedition to ^[arshlield can be found in Force's " American Archives." E. E. Hale's popular smnmary, "One Hundred Years Ago," begins witii these preliminaries of war. 177,-., APRIL, LKXrNGTON AND CONCORD. The best eclectic account is that in Krothingham's " Siege of Bos- ton," and in his appendix will be found a chronological list of the principal authorities. Paul Revere's expedition on the night of the 18th, to give notice of the morrow's march, which is the subject of Longfellow's poem, was narrated by himself, and appears in the Collections of the Massachu- setts Ilistoricrl Society, first series, vol. v. See, in thi. connection, on the escape of Hancock and Adams, Loring's " Hundred Boston Orators," and General Sumner in the New England Historical and Genealogical Kegister, viii., p. 188. The narrative and depositions ordered by the Provincial Congress were printed in the '• .Tournal of the Third Provincial Congress, 1775 ;" in the London Chronicle, and in various Boston newspapers, and the whole reappeared in a pamphlet, issued by Isaiah Thomas, and en- titled "A Narrative of the Incursions and Ravages of the Kin.r'g Troops on the Nineteenth of April," and is given in Force's " American Archives." This matter constituted the account sent. by the Con- gress to England, with the Essex Gazette, which was the chief news- paper narrative, and which reached London eleven days ahead of General Gage's messenger, and, in this connection, seethe Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, April, 1858. Other accounts and depositions, as well as those transmitted to the Continental Con- gress, can also be found in Force's "American Archives;" in Froth- ingham's " Siege of Boston ; " in Shattuck's " History of Concord ; " in Dawson's "Battles of the United States ; " in Frank Moore's " Diary of the Revolution," etc. The Rev. Wm. Gordon, May 17, 1775, prepared "An Account of the Commencement of Hostilities," which is reprinted in Force, and this, with additions and abridgments, forms part of his " History of the Revolution." .'■I 156 APIMCNUIX. i The Rov. Joiins Clnik (lolivcrcMl a discourse in I-fxin^Moii on the first armiversiiry in ITTC, an.l apiuMKUnl tl) it a narrative of ev.'nts whiciilias been reprinted in IH?.") in large qnarto. A brief aceoinit was also prepared by the Kev. Win. Kn.erson, of Coneord, a witness of the events at Coneord, and this was i-rinted in 1{. W. Emerson's centennial diseonrsc in 183"). Of the British aeeonnta, Col. Smith's report will be found in the Appendix to Mahon's (Stanhope's) Kn-hind. Varions English ae- counts are given in Foree, and in "The Detail and Conduet of the American War." (General (Jage sent to (iovernor Trnn.bull a " Cir- cumstantial Aecount," which is printed in the Massachusetts Histori- cal Society's Collections, sec'ond series, vol. ii., while in vol. iv. will be found a reprint of a pamphlet originally printed in 1779, from a manuscript left in Boston by a British olllcer, which gives Gage's in- structions to Brown and De Berniere, Feb. -22, 1775, with an account of their journey to Worcester and Concord, and a narrati^•e of the " Transactions" on the 19th of April. Stedman's " History of the American War," and the other British writers claim that the pro- vincials fired first at Lexington ; and Pitcairn's side of the story is given from Stiles's diary in Frothingham, and in Irving's "Wash- ington," etc. Late in the day General Heath exercised a general command over the provincials, mid his Memoirs can be consulted. Col. Timothy Pickering's Essex Regiment was charged with dilatoriness in coming up, and" this question is discussed in the "Life of Pickering," ch. 5 of vol. I. The semi-centennial perioil renewed the interest in the matter, and the question, whether the provincials returned the fire of the British troops at Lexington, was discussed with some spirit. This having been denied, a committee of the town of Lexington authorized Klias Phinney to publish an account of "The Battle of Lexington," to which were appended depositions (taken in 1822) of survivors to es- tablish the point. This led the Rev. Ezra Ripley and others, of Con- cord, in 1827, to publish " The Fight at Concord," claiming the credit of first returning the fire for Concord, and this was reissued in 1832. In 1835 the story was again told in the interest of Concord, in MATTf.K OF lUJNKKK HILL. 157 Lcin.u.l Slmttii(.k'.s " History (.fConconl," wliid. was reviewed in llie North American Heview, v..l, xr.ii. In tl.is aeeonnt, as well as that by Kiple.v ami others, it was elainied that the part borne i.y Captain Diivis, of Aeton was not fairly represented, and .Fosiali Adams, in his centennial address at Aeton, in IK\;>, and a^rain in a letter to Shuttuck in IH.IO, presented the merits of Davis, and -lave deposi- tions of survivors. The parts home I.y other towns have also i.een com.nonioratcd, for Danvers, hy I). I'. Kin-, in mr> ; for Caml.ridge, by Maeken/.ie, in 1870 ; and also see S. A. Smith's " West Cnmbridfjo on the ll»th of April, 177.')." At Lexinfiton. Kdward Kverett delivered an address in 1h;}:,, but sec also his Mount V.-rnun Papers, \o. -17 ; and there is an aeeonnt of the celebration in Niles's llefrister, vol. xi.viii., an.l a plan of the L.-x- ington lichl can be found in Josiah Adams's letter, an.l in Moore's "Bnliad History of the lievoluthm," No. 1. See also Hudson's "History of Lexington," ch. 0, and a popular narrative in Harper's Monthly, vol. xx., and acc.mnts in assoeiati.m with landmarks in Los- sinf,''s " Field-book," and in Drake's " Historic Fields and .Mansions of Middlesex." See also R. II. Dana's address in I .s7.-.. and the centennial " Souvenir of 177.1." At Concord, Kdward Kverett delivered an address in 1«2.1, and nnich of interest in connection with this anniversary was printed in the newspapers of that day, and Lossing and Draki- should also be consulted for much illustrative of the events of 177"). I'opular narra- tives can be found in Frederic Hudson's illustrated paper in Harper's Monthly, May, 1«7.-), and in the article by <;. Reynolds in the Unitarian Review for April, 1875. See also (Jeorjic W. Curtis's oration in 1875, and James R. Lowell's ode, in Atlantic Monthly. June, 1«75. Also the Rev. Henry AVestcott's Centennial Sermons, 1875. The events of the 19th of April also form important chapters in Ban- croft's " UnitedStates ; " inKlliott's "NewKnoland ; " inBarry's ":\Ias- sachusetts," and in other general works on the revolutionary period. Also see Dawson's " Battles of the United States ; " K. E. Hale's " One Hundred Years Ago ;"^ and Totter's American Monthly, April, 1875. Amos Doolittle's contemporary engravings of the events are rei)ro- duced in a new edition of Clark's narrative. See, also, Moore's 158 APPENDIX. " IJalliid History," piivt 1; nnd ToUit's Anu-riciiii Montlily, April, 1«7,"). 'riuMv is 11 view of C'oucoril luivi'H in ITTC, in tlio MiisHUclm- setts Mujiaziiif, .liil.v, 171)1. An account of .loniitliaii namn<,'ton, tlio last survivor of tlic llijlit, Ih jiiveii in Pottor's American Montlily, .Inly, IH".".. Sec also l.os- siiiff's " I-'icl(l-1)ooU of tlic Ucvolutiim." Claims Inive liccn raised Ibr other places na hftvinj? bccn.tlic first to shed Idood in the war, for which sec the Historical Mnjia/ine, Jan., IKGU, nnd Potter's American Monthly, April, IH7.'>. The events of the interval between Concord and Bunker Hill can best be studied in Frothinfiham's " Siege of lioston." Particularly on the alfair at Noddle's Island, May 27, 177;-), see Force's "American Archives," llinnphrey's " Life of rntnam," and ii chapter in Dawson's " Hiittlos of the United States." > Ii 1775, JUNE 17, BUNKER IIIbL. Frothin.irham. in an api)endix to his '-Siege of Boston," enumerates in chronological order the chief authoritative statements regarding the battle. Dawson devoted the whole of the Jine, IHfiH, double number of the Historical Magazine to a collation of nearly all the printed accounts, authoritative and compiled, and from his ibot-notes can be gleaned a full list of articles and books which at that time had been published. The atfairs of the lOth of April had among other results precipitated the removal of the newspapers published in Boston to other places, and the number for April 24 was the last of the Evening Post pub- lished in Boston. Edes's Boston Gazette, which was thus removed to Watertown, the neat of the Provincial Congress, gave, in its issue for June 19, the earliost account of the battle which appeared in print. The Massaclnisetts Spy, which had been removed to Worcester in May, had its first account in its number for June 21. That same day the Connecticut Journal had its lirst intelligence, and though it was several days later before the New York papers published accounts, on this same 21st a handbill with the news was circulated in New York. In F. Moore's "Diary of the American Kevolution," there will be found a list of the contemporary newspapers publishing these accounts, BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 159 nn.l from wl.id, 1.0 .l.-rivvs in part tlu< inalt.T „fhis hook, whi,.|, hoRins .Ian. I, 177.^ Many of tlu.so a.ro.int.H will l.o rou.i.l iv,.,int..d in DawHon's UMork'ul Magnzino lutido ; and Homo of thrni inivo Lm. '•'■|>'<..iu,H.,l in Jhcsmilr in the centennial memorials of the present year. Frotl.inj-i.am reprints that of the Massaehnsetts Spy in his reeent eondens,.,! narrative of th,. battle, an.I it is in lU,:,i,nil. in the - Centennial (iraphic." Ahnon's R..na.ml.ran,.er, Lon.lon. >vas l.e^nn Juno 1;., 177;^ for {rathorhiK IVom Kn-lish and American sources the liiffitive and contemporary accounts. The Uev. Mv. Thacher was a spectator of the action, from the north s.de of the Mystic river, and within a fortnight aflerwanls, an.I di-pon.l.uK i» some measure upon I'rescotfs assistance, pn.pan.d an account, the manuscript of whicli is now preserved in tlu- Ana-riean Antujuarian Society's collection at Worcester. This ha.l been used hy Frothingham and others, hut was nev.-r printcl in full with all its corrections indicated, fill Dawson indu.le.l it in his appendix in 1808. Th.s narrative of Thacher's was n.ade the hasis of that which the Committee of Safety prepared for trans„,ission to England, an.I this latter murative is given with much other matter in " The Journal of U.e Thir.1 Provincial Congress, 177.^" and has been .eprinted by Elhs (in 18.1;3), Frothingham, Swett, Dawson, etc. Force's - An.eri- cau Archives," vol. iv., is another reposit.,ry of these an.l various other contemporary accounts, several of which are copied by Dawson mhis "Battles of the United States," as w.dl as in his Historical Magazine article; and by F. JHoore in his "Ballad History of the American Revolution," part 2. Colonel Prescott's own ac^om.t is contained in a letter dated August 25, 1775, and addressed to John Adams, and this can be seen in Frothingham, where it was first pub- lished, and in Dawson. What is called the » Prescott ms.," which is said to have been prepared in the family of the colonel, an.I in part with his ap-roval,was tirst printed in full in Butler's " History of Groton," p. ^S7, etc., and it has been reprint..d by Dawson, p 437 Frothingham and Sparks ha.l the use of the manuscript known as Juilge Prescott's (son of the colonel) memoir of the battle ; but it has never been printed in fulh Contemporary feelings will be found expressed in Mrs. Adams's letters. i I ' 160 APPEXDIX. rrosidont Stiles, then of NtMvi...rt, kept a diary of events at this time, wliicli is preserved at Yale ColU'-e. He lirst heard (he news on the l.sth, and bejitin his aee.nint on tluil day, to whieh he added Ironi day to day, as further corrected tidings reached him. This was printed at leno-th for the lirst time in Dawson, but has been used by Sparks, Frothinoliam, Bancroft, etc. Tliis diary also copies the letter of Peter Brown, dat-d June 2'>, to his mother, which is con- sidered l)y Frothingham, who --ves it, as the most noteworthy de- scription Avritten by a i)*-ivate soldier engaged in the battle, and^is printed from the original in Potter's American ^Monthly, July, 1875. Col. Scanunons's account of his court martial is given in the New England Chronicle, Fel>. 'ilt, 1770, and is reprinted in Dawson, p. 400. Governor Trumbull, in a letter, August :?1 , 1 7711, gave a sketch of the action, and it is printe.l in the ^Massachusetts Historical Societv's Collections, vol. vi. Col. John Trumbull, who afterwards painted the well-known picture of the battle, was not in it, but saw the smoke of it iVom the Roxbury lines, and in his autobiography, published in isll, has an outline narrative. General Heath's memoirs, published in 171)8, have a brief account. The narrative in Thacher's military journal is entered as having been written in July, 177.-i. The memoirs of General James Wilkinson, printed in 181C give, in ch. ID, a " rapid sketch," end)odying his own knowledge and other evidence which had reached him at first hand, as he went over the field in I^Iarch, 1770, with Stark and Keed, and conferred with Major Caleb Star^-. Other testimony of . witnesr^os was gathered too long after the battle to be wholly trustworthy, in 1818, at the time of the Dearborn controversy, later to be mentioned, and numerous depositions were token from survivors attending the semi-centennial celebration, which are preserved in three large volumes, but are considered by those who have examined them as of little or no value. There is a long account in the Columbian Centinel of December, 1821, and January, 18-'.5. An account by Oliver Morsman, " a revolutionary soldier,' was pub- lished at Sacket's Harbor, in 1830. Mr. Ncedham Miiynard contrib- uted the recollections of a survivor, which were printed in a Boston newspaper !\s late as 1813. I BATTLE OF BUNKER IILL. 161 Of the British iiwomits, the oiitrios in Howe's ortlerly book arc 'Xisen i,i Ellis's skotd., l«l;i odition. The (ie.itlemu.i's Mao-azino of the same year (Loii.l,,,,) uave an aeeo.nit, with a somewhat erroneous plan of the redouht, wliieh has l.een repnxhieed in Frothinolumi's •"onooraphs. (Jeneral (ia.ire's ollieial repor': was printe.l in Almon's " Rememhraneer," aeeompanied with strictures ui.on it. and it has been ^•'""•inted by KUis (184;! od. with the strielures), Force, Swett, Froth- in<(hain ; by l^awson, in his Historical Magazine and in his '• Battles • " in Frank Moore's '-Ballad History," etc. ]5uroovno saw the action Irom Co,,p'8 Hill, and his letter to Lonl Stanley, dated June 2.5, 1775, lias also been oiven in Dawson ; in Ellis's cd. of 1843 ; in the New Knjiland Historical and Genealogical Re-ister, April, 1857; in an appendix in Pulsifer's sketch of the battl.., issued two or three vears since, and is also given in S. A. Drake's - Bunker Hill ; the story told in Letters from ".e Battlefield;" in which also will be found, together with various other minor British accounts, the " Impartial and Authentic Narration," or.g.nally published at London, 1775, by John Clarke, - a first lieutenant of marines," who gives what purports to be a si)eceh of Howe to his trooi.s previous to the advance, which, with nnieh else in this somewiiat oxt(>nded narrative, is considered rather apocryphal. The compile.l account in the Annual Rc-ister has been thought to have been written by Burke. Force, Ellis's ci. of 1843, and Dawson, gather various of the c.ntemponuy rovalist accounts, and some particulars can be found in the separate historic records detailing the careers of some of the rovalre.riments in the action, like the Fourth, Fifth, Tenth Foot, etc. Moorso'ni's Fifty- second regiment gives a l.rief account of its share in the battle, with plates of their uniform at the time. Sec also Sergeant Lamb's (Welsh Fusileers) -Journal of Occurrences during the late American War ; " an.lthe - Detail and Conduct of the American War," fora letter from Bost.m, July 5, 1775, and other British accounts. The Britisii accounts lirst t.,ok regularshape in Stedman's - History of the American AVar,",,ublishedin 1704. Howe's conduct of the battle is c-.-ticised in Lee's - Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department." Mahon's (Stanhope) '• History of England " represents in his account, oth'^rwise fair, that the Americans th.'.., and since, have considered the battle a Mi: ! ■ i I 1G2 AITENDIX. Hi I! victory ; but Avl.on c.illod upon to sul.stai.tiuto such nn assertion relied chielly (see his appendix) on the reports of I'.rilish tourists ol a snlise(|nent day. In 1858, IMr. Henry 1'.. Dawson puMislied a popular aeeount of the '' Battles of the luite.l States," -iviu.u- a ehapter. based on the ordi- narv authorities, to Bunker Hill. In 18C.S, in the Historical Maga- zine, an American periodical, tiicn edited by hin). he -ave a specud study of the battle, in which the - c(.U.nists " uf the earlier work became - insurgents." an.l the royal troops were represented as fight- in<' " in support of the constitution, tlie laws, the king and the gov- ernment, and in defence of the life of the nation." DitVering from other authorities, he represents that the attack along the beach of the Mystic was a prelim, nary attack. He has elaborately collated the various contemporary and later compiled accounts, and has appended numeroi. illustrative documents by English and American writers, derived from Almon, Force, KUis 'rothingham, an.l ..thers, to which he adds several printed f.n' the lirst time. The fac-siniiles of Page's, Dc Berniere's and Dearborn's maps, which are mentioned in his text us given with his account, were nevCr appended to it. Of the more extended deserii)tions. that in Frothingham's "Siege of Boston " is distinctively marked for its dependence chielly upon contemi.orary accounts, and its avoidance of the nungled recollections and self-deceptions of the surviv.n's of all grades, who, in I SI 8. fur- nished so many depositions, over forty years after the conlliet, to perplex the truth-lover. These confuse.l recollections, added to the local jealousies of the partisans of the troops of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Connecticut, and to the facts narrated by ditlerent persons a» having taken place in positions so disconnected as the redoubt and the rail-fence, have done nn.ch to render the sifting of evidence very necessary ; and it all gave some ground for Charles Hudson, in 'l8.-)7, in his - Doubts concerning the Battle of Bunker Hill" [see also Christian Fxaminer, vol. xi..], to attempt a logical venture somewhat after the fashi..n <.f Whab'tey's famous argument on the non-existence of Nap''l^'<">- ^Vhen, later. Frothingham wrote tlie "Life of Joseph Warren." he took occasion to sunnnarize his h.nger narrative in a chapter of that book, and his whole description has again t®ii ' BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 1G3 boon rc'Oiisf in a popniiir form in liis rocont contonnial "Bunker Hill," wlioro ho has ikM.mI nuicli now niattor, in loltors, inci.U'uts, etc. AnnivorsaiT addn's.s.'s have ofton ivliear.scd fho story, occasionally iuMinjr a Cow details to onr stock of inlbrniation, and the most sicn.ili- oant among them have been Webster's, in 182.1 [see also Analectic Magazine, vol. xi.], at the laying of t!ic corner-stone of the Monn- inont; Alexander II. Kvoretfs, in 18;](;, which snbse.iMontlv was in- woven in his life of Warren, in Sparks's series ; the Rev. Dr. V,co. K. Ellis's, in 1.S41. whi.^h was subsequently issued in LSI;?, anonymously, as a sketch of the battle, with an api.endix of illustrative documents, some of whicii wore printed for the lirst time, and has again, in 1875, been recast in a centennial history without the illustrative documents ; but see also his account in the New York Jlerald, Jtnie 8, 1875 ; that by Kdward Everett, and that by .ludge Devons in 1875. A succinct narratixe of the battle was also once or twice printed by Alden Brad- ford, in connection witli his studios in the history of Massachusetts. A recent "New History of the Battle," by W^ W. Whoildon, traces two separate engagements constituting the Ijuttle. The last two or three years have i)roduced condensed sununaries, like that of Pulsifer, and S. A. Drake's ; that by .Tamos M. Bngbee, in Osgood's Centennial IVremorial; an article by II. E. Scudder, in the Atlantic JFonthly, July, 1875; one by Launce Poyntz, in the Galaxy, .July, 1875. It also makes ch. -t of E. E. Hale's "One Hundred Years' Ago," and the story Is retold in the Centennial numbers of Frank Leslie's Pictorial, in the •• Centennial (Jrarhic," and in various other popular memorials of 1875. The story is also told discursively in the illustrated paper, by liev. Dr. Sanmel Osgood, in the July (1875) number of Harper's Monthly; and willi particular rofererence to landnnirks, in Losslng's " Field-book of the Revolution," vol. i., which account also appealed in the Hrst volume of Harper's Monthly; in S. A. Drake's "Historic Fields and .Mansions of Miihllesex." Finch, in an article in Silliman's Journal, 18->2, gave an account of the traces then existing of the works of tlu> British and Americans in the siege of Boston, and this has boon reprinted by Frothingham. The battle has necessarily given a subject to chai)ters in the gen- eral histories of the war and of the Slate. The earliest American '! iiif, f^l 164 AITEXDIX. :!:;! •fr ll historian of tl.o warwas Ciov.lon [sec Lorint; on Cordon's History in Historical I^Ia-nx.ino, Fohruary an.l Marclu ISC--'], and 1k> followed closoly tlio ac'conut of the- Coniniittcc of Safety, l^amsay's '• American Revolution" was published in 178',); Mrs. Me.cy Warren's, later: Hnbley's, in 180.'). Bancroft gives to it the a8th chai)ter of his s.-venth volume It is described in cli. 20 of the second volume of Elliott's "New En.uland," and in the third volume of Barry's " IMassachu- sctts." The bioji-raphers of Washinjjton, like :Marshall and lrvinnnon i)ivMciipd i.t his fin.oral by IJev. Josiah Whifnoy, in I 7!)0. whcv he look exception to rinn.phrey's statement in his '■ J.iCe of rntnani." I Isn. published wiiile Piitnaniwiis still livinpositions of actors in the strufiolc, all of which is ajiain .uiven in Dawson, p. l".':!. Colonel Swett now entered into the controversy in an " Historical and Topo- graphical Sketch of r.unker Hill Battle," whicli, in October. 1818, was appended to an edition of Humphrey's " J.ife of rutnam," and this sketcli was subsccineutly published separately and with enlargements, derived in part from conversations witli the survivors who attended the semi-eeuteuuial Jubilee of 18-2.'t. and tliis appeared in ISiC), and auain in 18-27 ; but see Sparks's notice in the North American Hoview, vol. XXII. IMeanwhile, Col. Daniel Putnam, in 182."), recapitulated his views in a connnunication to tlie P.unker Hill Monument Associa- tion, and this document is printed in tlic Connecticut Historical Collec- tions, vol. I. 'riie acc(Mmt of Swett has been substantially followed in Hand, Avery Ot Co.'s ••Bunker Hill Centennial." Swett's first publication was criticised l)y D. L. Child, in the Boston Patriot, November 17, 1818, who claimed that rutnam was not in the battle, and whose article was reprinted as an '• Hnciuiry into the Conduct of General I'utnam." On the other hand, Alden Bradford, in his pamphlet, iu 182."), cbiimed the conunand for Putnam. In 1811, Ellis, in his oration, and sul)se(|uently in his •' History of the Battle," in 1843, taking .advantage of intercourse with Trescott's descendants, made the first extended presentation of Trescott's claims, to which Col. Swett demurred iu the Boston iVdvcrtiser, where also can be found Ellis's rejoinder. Again, in 1843, John Fellows, in his "Veil Removed," animadverted upon Swett's views regarding Put- nam, and reproduced Dearborn's statements and many others aimed to detract from I'utnam's fame. "When Erothingham's -'Siege of Boston" appeared in 1841), in which the ((uestion of the command was critically examined, p. 15!), etc., giving that power to Brescott, Swett renewed the controversy in a criti.ine on that work in 1850, with a tract, "Who was the BATTLE OF liUNKEll HILL 1()7 Connnnndor," oto., to which Frothinohnn. n.,.Ii,.,1 i„ a pMniphlot of hftv-.s,x pM-es, -The C.nnn.Mn.l in Ih," iJMttle of JJunkcr Hill " ^uhsUuMiM\u, and in the New Kn.ulander, April, 187.-.. S. A. Drake's '• (ieneral Israel I'ntnan., the Conunander at Hunker "dl," arjrues on the basis of n.ilitary rule, and snunnarizes the '".thorities. See also HoUister's .-History of Connecticut," an.l Il.n.nan's -Connecticut iu the HevoiuLion." .ludue Deveus's oration lit Bunil, of Warren, an.l i,eld son.e correspoudeuce with Dr. Waterhouse on the subject in the Boston Patriot, in Au.nist of that year. This matter he r.-produced in a paper iu the New Kn-- I 1G8 APPENDIX. land llistoricnl aiul (iem'Mlo5.ncMl R(-Nt(M', jM"''' '""' •'"'>■- l'^''«- ^^'« furtlu'i- tl>o iuroiH.ts in J.ovin-'s '• llnndml P.osU.n Orators;" in Mrs. .1. n. Brown's [Wurri'u's o•ran(l-(lall,^■lltor] -Stork's of OtMicral Warren;" in Dr. .lolni .lotlVics' [son of the roval s.n-oon on ti.c licld] paper in tiu' Boston Medical and Snr-ieal .lonrnal, .Ini.c 17, 1875; and in tl.e life of Dr. Jolui Warren, brother of tlie u;eneral. See also tlio enlo,!?}" on Cieneral Warren in 1770 by Perez Morton, anineers, based upon Capt. xMoutresor's survi-y (which closely agrees with Folton and Parker's survey of Charlcstowii in IHIH). is much tiic best, and it shows the laying out of Charlostown, tlie position of the frigates, and the battery at Copp's Hill. Tlie successive positions of the attacking force are" indicated by a superposed sheet. This was issued in , London in 177G, and the same plate, with few changes, was used in Stcdman's history in 1794. The original improssion was re-cngraved for Frothingham's " Siege," and is also given in his centennial narrative. The plan by Dc Bcrniero of the Tenth Royal Infantry, on much the same senile as" Page's, ditlers in some points from it. is not so correct in tlie .n'oiuid plan, and is the lirst plan that appeared in an American engraving, in the Analectic Magazine, February, 1818. where it is represented as from a sketch Ibund in the captiire l.on.l.m Mi.-M/in.'. Apiil. 1771, l,„s „ cliMil (iftlic .'oiist of N.'w Kn-lMii.l, "ilh !, pin, I or lin>t,m in llii' ,.,M„ci'. MiHl tliis i.hi,, NVMs i„s..|l..l. .ulni-vd, in .IHUt.v's ".Mali "'" Ni-w Knjilan.l." N-.v.. 1771, with also a iilan of P.nston liail.o,', and «as a^ah, copinl in .L^tlriv's •• Anicii.'an Alias," I77(i, and a Krcncl, ivprodMclion ..!• it Nvas iMil-lishcd al I'aii.. in 177.S, in the "Atlas Ai,,i'ri(inain Sc|itci,tiionai." Tiiciv aiv nidc conlcnipdraiy views of the action, one .'I' wl,i-li ap- pea.vd in 177:.. known as Woman's, ivpivsents I'ntnan, on l,o,'s,.ha<'k, as in L'onnnand. and was ivdncod in the Pennsylvania .Ma-:i/.ine. Sep- teinhe,', 177:., and this has l.een heliotyped in Krothingliani's centennial sketch, in Hand. Ave,y .V ('...'s. and in (•oolidj.n''s - Men,..iMals," and is nlso ,epn.duce.l in Mo.uv's •• IJallad llislo.y." and in the Bnnke,- Hill Times, , lime 17, 1.^7:.. In Cockin.u's poem, •■ The Amei'ican War." pnl.lished in l.ond(.n, 17.sl. is a s..mewhat ..xtraoi'.linaiy piclme, which, with exii-acts IVom the poem, has been iTp,'..diiced in S. A. Drake's inon(.,i;raph, and ti,e ph'tnie is also -iven in Unohee's sketch, and in ('..oli.l-e's •■ I'.i'ochnre." In the (ientleman's Magazine, Feb., ^ 171K), thoi-e is a view of Chai'lcstown and Howe's encampment on the V l,ill, taken after the battle, and in the ?,Iassacl,usetls Magazine, Sept., 4 17,s'<}, is a view of Chailes-i-ivor Bridge, showing the eonlignration of |r!| lUinker's and Breed's Hills. The well-known picture which Colonel Trnnibnll, in ITsG, painted of the battle, and of which a key will be found in the New England Historical and Cienealogical Uegister, vol. xv., and of which there is a description in Trmnbnll's autobiography, gave the command in the redoubt to I'ntnam. and a subordinate position to I'rescott, which the i)ainter is said aflerwai'ds to have regretted, as indicating views on the (luestion of command at variance with the truth. A picture by 1). M. Carter represents I'rescott in command, and this is reiiroducecl in Coolidge's •• Bioclmi-e." For accounts of the :Monnment. sec Ellis's edition of 184:5; Frothingham's -Siege of Boston;" and Wheildon's '" Life of Solon,on Willard." ' UATTLi: OK M[;\KKK IllfJ,. 171 ■I'llK sik(;k (II' liosi'oN, .iiNi;, i:::. -maimh. i-c. 'I'lic >ii'L;(' cif liiisliiii licuMii with ihc ivtiini n|' Hic Miili-li Ironps IVniii ('..iiconi oil the cvniiiiu- i.r A|>iil r.l, 177.">. iiii'l I'liliiiiiii foriiricd rn)>|MTl Hill iiiiiiicjiiiii'ly !irici' llic IimHIc hC liunKn' ||i|| ; ;iii. Ilir ('n|ll|ili'li(ili uf liic lines tiliiiiil Ihc Inwii \\:is licLiuii. Tilt' t'llllcsl Mccoillil (.r llic (.vci|t«; slliTccdiliL:' tile I Till of .IllllC will 'k' f'l 'I ill riiilliiiiulinnrs •• Sicnv (,r liosidii." hut, ii irciKTiil siirvcv nf Ihc cvciils will he Iniiiiil in jhiiicr, ifi Mini Hiirrv; niid poimhir iie- < iil-< <';iii !'<• Ii>lln\vei| ill |);i\vsul|'s •• I'.iltllo oj' Ihc Initcil Slnles ; " ill E. K Utile's •• One Iliimlii'cl Venis Aii.i," uml in ihc ■^■eniTnl hislo- ries. (Ididdii uivesdehiils Croiii diiiiics (if the limes ; niid illustrative niiittcr nrcniiteniiinnirvoriuin is niven in AIiikhi's •' IJeinenihrMiicer ; " in {•"uirc's •> AniiTicMii Archives ; " in .Mooiv's •• Diary of the Amciican Hcvolnlion." See also the Collccliolis of the Ksscn Iii,liliile. \o|. III.; llie diary of (ieneral Heath in the cani|is al Ifoxlairy aii .aiilohio^raphy of Col. .John Trnmliull, who was at this time of Washington's niilil.arv family, and the life of Dr. .John Warren (hrother of (General Josej)!! Warren), of the medical stall'. Of till' associations of Wa>hini:ton with his hcad-iinartcrs at Cam- lirid<;e, see Alc\aiidcr McKeii/ie's article in the Atlantic .'Monthly, .Inly, 1.S7."); and Charles Deane's paper in the I'loccediniis of the IMassacllIlsctts Historical Society. Sept.. Is7l'; see also ■Fiiiie, l.S.'.X. In this connection see Rev. Dr. I'eahody's oration al Camliriilnc. .Iiilv ."). I.s7.'i. and the poem •• Inder the (Ireat Kim." liy .lames Russell Lowell, in the Atlantic Monthly, Any.. I.s7.'). Also miicli connected with the Caiiihridgc centre, :ind the left wiii^r. can lie learned from Drake's '• Middlesex ; " and for the whole line, in Lossiny's " Field- boolv." Varion.s diaries aiul letters of contcm[i(n'arics, written diirinii; thin interval, have been printed, like that (jf Dr. Ik-lknap, in the Can> . ... ^^^ .^v^. w^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ;f: ilM IIIIIM '"* ii^ ||]||22 I" '" IIIIIM 1.8 1.25 1.4 J4 ^ 6" — — ^ ► V <^ /; "^ ;.>* '^ ^'^t/ '>^>' rs. Photographic Sciences Corporation ^■: ^^ d V :\ v \ ^ o"^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 873-4503 V. 3 ^s ? k o 172 APPENDIX. hiuljio C'nmp, Oct., 17i:>, otc, in rroceo(liny of this is in the Boston Public Library, as is also a French map, 17hO: "Carte particuliere du Havre de Boston, reduito de la carte anglaise de Des Barres," The 1775 plate of Des Barres, without change of date, but neverthe- less with changes in some parts, and with the various fortifications of the siege delineated, was published again in 1780-83, in the " Amer- 174 APPENDIX. ican Noptiino," and it was from the lion, Ricliard Frotliingham's copy of this that the reproduction in Shurtlolf's "Description of Boston" was made in 1870. Faden's map of Boston, with the intrencliment of 177."), based on tlie observations of Pa«,'e in 177;"), was pnl)lishod, London, Oct. 1, 1777, and in a hiter edition, Oct., 177H, and it has been fac-similed in Frothingham's " Siege." Roman's map of " Tlie Seat of Civil War in America," 1775, has a rude view of tlie lines on Boston Neck, and a plan of Boston and its environs. In 177G there was published bv Be.aur.ain, at Paris, a " Carte du Port et Havre do Boston," which is copied from a British plan, and has in a vignette the earliest known printed representation of the Pjne-tree banner. (This vignette is copied by Frothingham, who calls the map " curious but not correct.") There is also a German edition of the same. In 1777 was published Henry Polham's map of Boston and envi- rons, which is called " the most accurate" of all. It was published in London, June 2, 1777, shows the military lines, and has been re- produced in Moore's " Diary of the Revolution," and in Drake's " Landmarks." In 1777, Faden published in London a plan of Boston and vicinity, showing the " rebel works," and based on Page's and Montresor's observations. The earliest of the eclectic maps, and the one followed by later authorities in assigning the location of the military lines, was th.at given by Gordon in his history, who took Page's for the town, and Pelham's for the country.