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New York 14609 US* (716) +82 - OJOO - Phone (716) 288- 5989 -Fox The Pre-Cambrian Geolos^y of Southeastern Ontari f- - »M« .LER ^m,. Pre-Cambrian Rocks a( Owicrto, lanltofta tjf A:W^m- ^ m%i„ LY er^ «" •" -^l.v.X.T-wairi- !t^ Jt. <> . ff]i«^ ECONOMIC NOTia U Wm wtii. m% Urn ■ l «i nl iBJi mM >ii» •4 bjr MO* aay «Mr« Mm gam MiM K II «nit bt MW bM tia ■ •M-iM an Muff MffM M to i l ii H ii l f i B tlii i ai Hj m«I K w miw ^j^ Th* I >— »n <» M < kf «M iif twialiMa HaMtMn mmI MMctetarf MMwlal. Tkt OMMta >«k • ta«Mcph«ao(tlM H •n Ihut ■irailaU» l( Um BMy^aa af Ot MM |M« M* kaaa doalrtlaw thaM rock oatefoiia «w«M long hava 4a» »l o p « « l. It W to ba haptd tkal Um prtMaiMia a( Iha aimiaat af atlMr hrfaMria* i hito- UONt P.O. 609' mi fit Oftt Strikt mi tup MsUmay SOURCES or INFORMATION GnhginUlf nrvtyri fy Willat G. MiMcr aorfCtni H . KaifrfM in Iflfcl T t p i gMfk] / by W. R. Rosan Jiwn> rf i ' « yi im/rtt f Mngimaiim fitU On* y /*» Se*tJ i/ Mimimg. Kiitplmt, Omt., Majr. i^t A TOWIVg PETERBOROl 1/ -.* a*, f -^ ' l'^. M \\ II il II /I u \ \\ i--i-sS « MAP or PART or TMl SHIP w BELMONT rOUGH COUNTY PROVINCE or ONTARIO | f*W o^ }■ k / CO- .-^•' 17 V I J"**/] ?^: (A li\ .\ -- -^ u> ^ Jirift^ « HIMM yf^ HMO or ONTARIO \Mbnv aa nmw^H. ^M^^" '■^^ ~^iP-^^ co* ; ,TMfli{-«- ■ / JF? o c'jvn Z^A tl. •«•' ^' ;; ./y cof ly" \ r^ ilO LEGEND OLACMIL and RECENT ! MUratOlO ^ ftf'} ^ '" : ' -':::'i^'^^"""^*°!!''^!^^i:.- \ ^. NjN -\ f? \ • o*- i i ^J, fc\;:-"j :'v r2>' N/^' » r. ,.» ; '■. ,- / 'H^i f ^-^: >^ V f' J I *>. »*l tBttrdlBti P^ Ik n i kn di tmd tkkritt-itUit tsintMtf tf mtm^Hm ptbmrit tHgti. tfyTMi T%t Kitmlia itkiils, trigiMUf nunUttKlf rt'ttak ntti, trt naiUntd t*fir» nfy, i^i,itu mdmntmiwrftt if tki KMmttin mtri itputHi tkt itJimnlt •>• Irtm firmttm, Mmitit KmMtwr aad fhaUy ty tit fgrt kmiltM, Ht iruim nc ImmihUh htkm ikt HuHngt iirki has itn thitrrtd. Tht tkpuMm y «W tUtr u inaflrmdtut md Mtmilu Umiifat, prtMif tluiH fbikmd tit imtm^Hm /mf/&a f».ir tr »»t-Jikmkk Umtfm h lit jtm^nl if ik* prt-Hasli^t itSmntt, tni tit thutf * fnlmnti ftriti if mimtrgtutt wiki itfm miti lit Kttmtim hpm Jtptstlita if lit Umtttmt. Cfrftii itUiU ^mdtjutHt titrttir lit ititutt lit msfttitsii imttlme tmd lit Kttt id li rifriiiti t et-mitgttg rf itStttaU md ^tmit ntit, lit firmtr iWia/ hf nfy t»d pttiitttr tnrftei if lit htlir. Imltua d.«^— » *s "mmmk wmMt^^ coo«OM#o mormm Th. arra K.ntaiiM a varirty , fiUtpar-porpkyry- tmrmumivm oomraor ivNte Xtm-mafnttiam and mminrsiau crnlaUimt Itmt ftm mti i m , {t amdtd iktrt, jatptr, «r fraaala/ fMrti). Gny t'***', fBartt-aka uhitt, grtyuacU, tUftMtU. tiuty ickul. a»rmtUmdl tdrisl, rilipieidal tatail and alitr n€k$. m ■A^MIMidM^^^ MAP At-timittt* - Clflrm«> Shevt ) *HOWIMm 0K0LO9Y ON M gELT Or COUMTmY TMfmTY MILKl LC H A S T I N GS. A D D I N GTO N a PROVINCE or ONTAFIO ilwt.W. B. HvunM. .Mmmw- is. /A llwtanf rtu Sralr : a or % Mik> - 1 luch Jp |r<>t(f. oo«r«er • mica-ukuland tntitt.) laud sytuilt, yjtUtpv-potpkyry. I eearmor I matntsiam tryilallint \ulinl tUipimiai bualt »ni i"*^!" 'F"» "y "^ •IONS ^ •' Hitf ■ « Swmmf. Sit < *■" • "■■"• r i— < >i > »«i«« < i f i ii . of> PmptapU. ^ Aat uMUe ptit (arf>««M( aa^ (rr> ^tariaoiu w foicoM auMraii.) AttKultIf haudt. norm The Kttwatm ukiHs. •rigtmaOy ts$en$mtty fWcmtr faciei, are ciuiitred I0 fmm tkg ktu*- mtml. On Ik* 'ppy, h^mcmmt mvi mmwm tmrfmee tf Ik* KemtQtin were iefsiud tk* seiimumU mmrn represtmUd by pmrttiSt. grtyvmeke, ukist. ir»m .f»rmmtiim nd < ryttaUime hm*t$mu. N» " >:» / .-i .V / / v^ \ ^ .4llilHH| ^ N ^ \ yXsj^^^H ^^^^^^T 't^^^^^^^^^^^' rfM^^B^^ / / / itiiMiPMIiii IT aoomoatio mormm SMlk«Mar iMm • iwir •( Wm ffffflM «llik «cw> M • 04* g nSHT i j ty'l nV w Ct i li aipJC rmmm Tkt "nmAmt mm tmtmimtktti mMt Iw !■ ■ ttm tmttumt Maw4 ■■m»>~ '- 4 T«»wMao. laat aaU. -y tUtpttUUkummmt "^WPX' T +■. — ^^...stA.. K ■^ '"•:^, \ X. ^'^ A % X. \. ' ■/ ;* .-■^ 06 rat mi- 1' ■IH^ I' ..itW, w I7»MI tkrllatkmtt Mm tk»ti4m mrtm ntiapuii /i Yrmi > - ■' ■' ■ ■•f**- mm JtmmrfM AB.C. Mm X REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF MINES M65 VOL. XXII.. PART II. The Pre-Cambrian Geoloflry of Southeastern Ontario ■v WILLET a. MILLER and CYRIL W. KNIQHT With an Appendix on The Correl«t-» of the Pre-Cembrten Rockn of Ou. «rlo. Western Quebec end Southeastern Menltobe PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO m TORONTO : Printed and PuWi.h«d by L. K. CAMERON. Printer to the King'. Moet Excellent Me|Mtv 1914 Primed by WILLIAM BRI0O8, 29-17 Richmond StrMt WMt. TORONTO. \ LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY \ OF AlUERTA CONTENTS |JITIM»I»V«'TIUX ... 1 ■UMMABV or CuKlM'MltlXH < Aft CUkMlllcatloB or lh« HiHks at the RcHllOB * CMniMrtMii with Northern and Northwt^tern Ontario 4 OmIorImI Uteratan «a tb« Ula- trlct . . 5 VIewa tIeM In ttOT and Karlier... a ('onclualoni >r Adana In 1*01 * InternattonBi t'ommlttep'* ('nnclu- ■lona, m>» " t'onclualoiia of Millar and Knlsht, 1*07 » Mora Recent fubltcatlons 9 The Kocka of the Ulitrlct U Topography 1* Ueacrlptloii* of (he Area* IT Thr Belmont take Area — II Introdnctlon I* Rocka of the Ar»m It* The Keewatin complex . 19 The urenvlllc Serlea 20 The Haatlnns ( TemtakamlngT) aerie* 26 Conglomprat*" 28 Qaartiltp. Oreywack* and SUte 28 Limestone 81 Poat-HastingH Intrustvei 31 Paleoaolc Sjratem SS Aoalyats if P»leoaolc l.i.ne- ^'one 84 Relanonihlps 34-17 The Acrinollte — Cloynf Area 39 Introduction 39 Rocks of the Ar^a 40 The Keewatin Complex 40 The OrenvtUe Serlea 41 Th<> I^urentlan 4.'> The Hast inga Serlea 48 Posi'Ha'Unga Intruslves 48 RelatloiiKlilpa 60 Conglomerate 8. E. of Actlno- Ilte-Cloyne Area 68 Otlier conglompratc areas. ... 57 Thp Madoc Area 59 Introduction 59 The Pre-Cambrlan Geology 69 Unconformable Groups 61 Autoclaatic Origin of " Conglo merate " 81 Relation if Andeaite to Limestonp " Conglomerate " 61 Comparlsoti with Other Areas.. 62 Rocks of the Area . . 62 Thi<-knes8 and Struchire of Smi-.- ments 71 The Haazard's Corners Area ":! 76 The Palmerston or Omps Area ... 77 The Orenvllle 8erle« 71 The HasliUKs 5ft iis 7S The Laurentlan and Orenvllle Series 80 Orantte anit Pegmatite Intru- Blvee SI The Ollmour Area -88 Introduction ^ 8S Rocks of the Area ^ 81 The Keewatin Serfea ^.. 84 PaaB Thf UrritvlIlK Herlea M The HaatlBia Serlea S7 I'oat-HastlBga Iniruslvea 17 RelatlonabUw •• The Queensboro Iron Pyrltfs De- poalts and Bronontic MInerala and Rocks of other Area* 19-121 Introduction 99 Iron Pyrites of the Queenaboro Ar*a »» Itocka of the Are* . 90 The Keewatin SerlM 90 The Uienvllle Serleit 90 l>oatM stings Intruslves 93 Black River Limestone M Olartal and Recent 94 Goaaan •• Iron Pyrites Uepoalts 9» Descrlpttona of Pyrites Properties. Canadian Sulphur Or^ '"ompeny's Iron »»yrltea Propert . »7 Blakely or Queenaboro Pyrites Mine lOO The Palmt^r Iron Pyrttea Depoalt 101 Gfnesia of the Iron Pyrltea De- posits 103 Conclusion . . 109 Mlspickrl lOR FiBorlte !•• I#on Ores lO* The Belr nnt and Blalrton Iron Mines 10* The Mlnei- In the Vicinity of Madoc 107 Gold Mines and Prosp< ts 110 The Cordova Gold Mine 1» The Peioro Mine 110 The Sophia (Diamond) Gold Mine Ill Golden Fleecv IH Other Gold Depoj'lts 112 Talc .... 118 Acttnollte 117 Road Material ami Building St^ 117 Lithographic Ston 119 Marblf 180 APPEHDIX — Correlaion of " pre-Ci'mbnan rockh jf Onta westerr Quebec and sutirheas' ' ManlttKecliiieiia of Btaurollte from Clarencton township, Frontenac county .... SS Fig. 48. BreccUted " hlue " limestone, township of Tudor, near Oilmour M Fig. 44. Pjrrlte schist, iron pyrites mine. Queensboro 92 Fig. 45. Photomicrograph of felslte, Queensboro 91 Fig. 46. Gossan at pit No. 4, Canadian Sulphur Ore Co 94 Fig. 47. General view of Canadian Sulphur Ore Company's property, Queensboro. . 95 Fig. 48. Part of underground worldngs, Canadian Sulphur Ore Company, Queens- boro 9( Fig. 49. Canadian Sulphur Of Company's property, Queensboro H Fig. 60. Plan of Canadian Sulphur Ore Company's property, Queensboro 9S Fig. 51. Shaft No. 3, Canadian Sulphur Ore Company, Queensboro 99 Fig. 52. Queensboro (Blakely), Iron pyrites mine 100 Fig. 53. Section thraugh west end of pit No. 3, Canadian Sulphur Ore Company's property, Queensboro 102 Fig. 54. Ptiotomicrograph of quartzite of Grenville series, Canadian Sulphur Ore Company'a property 108 Pig. 54a. Cordovu gold mine, Belmont township 104 Pig. 55. Sophia (Diamond) gold mine HI Fig. 56. Henderson tale oodne, Madoc 114 Fig. 57. Open pit. Henderson talc mine Ill Fig. 68. Plant and quarry of OnUrio Rock Company 118 Fig. 59. Distribution of preCambrlan and Paleozoic rocks of Ontario 182 Fig. 60. Animikean, Temiskamian and GrenTille sediments 124 Fig. 61. Pre-Cambrian localities 126 Fig. 62. Sketch map. North Shore of Lake Huron 188 Fig. 62a. Interbedded quartslte and slate of the Temisluuning series. North Dome mine. Porcupine 188 Fig. 63. Boulder of conglomerate of Temiskaming series in conglomerate of Cobalt series 1J9 Pig. 64. Geology of area north of Cobalt '.......'. 180 Fig. 65. Sudbury-Oobalt-Porcupine region 188 Pig. 66. Schistose conglomerate of Temiskaming series, Lake Savant 186 Pig. 67. Trap of Kewecnawan age, Sutton Mill lakes 187 MAPS Index map of part of southeastern Ontario. (Page vl.) Map of part of the township of Belmont, Peterborough county: scale \i mile to 1 inch. Belmont lake sheet. No. 22a. Map showing geology on a belt of country, thirty miles long, in the counUes of HasUngs, Addlngton and Frontenac; scale % mile to 1 inch. Actinolite-aoyne sheet Map of the Madoc area, townships of Madoc and Huntingdon, Hastings county: scale, 1,000 feefl to 1 inch, Nv,. 22d. (To face page 59.) Map of Hassard's Corners area, township of Madoc, HasUngs county: scale % mile to 1 inch. No. 22c. (To face page 73.) Map of part o( Palmerston township, Frontenac county; scale, % mile to 1 inch. Ompah sheet. No. 22o. (To face page 77.) Map of the Oilmour area, townships of Limerick and Tudor, HaaUngs county: scale, '/, mile to 1 Inch, No. 22/. (To face page 83.) Map of the Queensboro pyrite area, townships of Madoc and BlieTlr, Hastings county; scale 800 feet to 1 Inch, No. 22r. (To face page 89.) Map showing distribution of preCambrian and Paleosoic rocks in the Proyince of Ontario. (Page 122.) Index map showing localities named in table of the pre4:!ambrlan rocks of Ontario. western Quebec and southeastern Manitoba. (Pagr 126.) Sketch map. North Shore of Lake Huron. (Poj;e 128 ) Geological map of area a few miles north of Cobalt, showing distribution of tha Temiskaming, Cobalt and other series. (Page 130.) Map of the Sudbury-Cobait-Porcupine region. (Page 133.) TABLE Conflation of the preOambrlan rocks of Ontario, western Quebec and southeastera Manitoba. (To face page 126.) «=-«.«i« Flg.^. Index map of part of aoutheastern OnUrio, Bhowing the Belmont Lake. Actlnolltt'- <-loyne, Madoc, Hazxard's Corners, Palmerston or Ompab, Gllmour, and Quecnsbo'-ii areas. THE PRE-CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY OF SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO By WILLBT Q. JVtILLBR and CYRIL W. KNIQHT INTRODUCTION Prom time to time during the last six or seven years, when opportunity offered, the authors have made a study of the pre-Cambrian rocks of part of southeastern Ontario. Owing to the necessity for field work in other sections of the Province, time has not permitted of the mapping and detailed examination of all of the district described In the following pages. Seven distinct areas were selected, along a strip of country sixty-five miles in length, which were considered to present the best conditions for the study of the characters and relations of the rocks. In other words, these may be called key areas for the district The areas lie in the counties of Peterborough, Hastings, Addlngton and Prontenac, within thirty or forty miles of the north shore of the east half of Lake Ontario. Their relative positions and their location are shown on the Index map, Pig. 1. They have been mapped on scales varying from 800 feet to one-half mile to the inch. A geological map of each of the seven areas accompanies this report.* The region, embracing the district under review with its continuation into the adjoining Province of Quebec, is classic ground to the student of pre<;ambrian geology. To ita rocks was first applied the name Laurentlan, which received world-wide recogniUon. The descriptions of the characters and relations of these rocks and of the Huronian, found farmer to tlie northwest beyond the region, made the work of the eariy Canadian geologlste famous. While the Laurentlan, as first defined, has been shorn of most of its members, not now including crystalline limestones and certain other rocks, and while there are some geologista who would even discard the term, it still has great significance In Canada. The name is retained for the oldest granites and granite gneisses which occuty vust areas in this country. Within this region was also found, at several somewhat widely separated localiUes, the EozooH Canadense. Pig. 2. which appealed strongly to the imaginations of geologists and biologists of a past age and led to many animated discussions and a few acrimonious controversies. In addition to being of such interest from the standpoint of pure science, the rocka of the district are of economic importance. Many m'.neral deposlta, and structural and deooraU.: materials, are found in association with them. Ores, or metallic minerals, that have been or are being mined, include those of gold, lead, sine, iron, ccpper, arsenic and sulphur. Wlihln the areas mapped, or at no great distance from them, have also been produced talc, nlca, feldspar, corundum, sodallte, graphite and actinollte. Beantitol marble is quarried, kid trap, the best of road materials, is being ahipped from the dls- «f «h.*i!lR7«-»^V *.!.'• 'i "' ^•n.t- *' °- 5!°»' o' *■'• ""»»■ contain notes alvlna summariM Bureau of Mines No. 4 trict. Lying so near the more populous parts of the Province, and containing such mineral rewmrces, In addition to prosperous farms In certain localities, and possessing attractions for the flsberman, the hunter and the summer tourist, the district win receive more attention in the future than It has In the pact. It Is, therefore, believed that the maps and the report will be i»f service and will tend to make the resources and the attrac- tions of the district bet tip known. While wo believe that rhe descriptions, on following pages, of the relations of the rocks give a fairly complete geological history of the region, In so far as It can be deter- mined from tue exposures, *.• have not been able to decide on the age of rocks In cerUin outcrops. Difficulties am due chiefly to the severe dynnmic meUmorphism to which the region has been subjected and to the fact that much of the surface is covered with glacial and recent deposlU. Further reference will be made in the descriptions of the various areas to the doubtful interpretation of certain evidence. Of the maps published with this report, we may be permitted to fiay. In the words of Van Hlse and Leith " .... A geologic map represente an approximation to the He 2— Eozoon Caaadenw. .r. ^'^*'^Z'^ t'Z'^"'^ °' "P*'"';". n«tur.l «■». (Geology of Canad., 1868. p>(e 49). The UTen IfdJ-iTrd f"'"'"'"""*' "^^"^ Iex, including the Grenvllle, Is not logical. Hence the writers do not make use of the terms Algonkian and Archean, or Proterosoic and Archeozoic, employed by many authors. Bureau of Mines No. 4 AQB CLASSIFICATION OP THB ROCKS OF THH RHQION Tbe foUowlni Utde glTet the dualflcation of the rocks, according to their age relik tions, employed In this report and on tbe accompanying maps: — PMstoceiw QLACIAL AND RECENT Boulder clay, sand and gravel. Paleozoic ORDOVKIAN Blac' Rtver limestone and basal sandstone. (Oreat unconformily) Pre-Cambrlan POST-HASTiNOS INTRUSIVES Granite, gabbro, diabase, basalt. {Intrutive contact) HASTINQS (TEMISKAMINQ?) SERIES Conglomerate, greywack^, auarUlte, slate, thla beds of crystalline limestone, and the metamor- phosed equivalents of these rocks. (l7ncon/ormi(v) LAURENTIAN Oneissoid granite and syenite. {Intrusive contact) QRENVILLE SERIES KEEWATIN COMPLEX Crystalline limestone, iron formation, slate, quarts- ite, greywack^, largely altered to various schists and gneisses. Green schists, pillow lavas, basic gneiss and other rocks. COMPARISON WITH NORTHERN AND NORTHEASTERN ONTARIO From tbe preceding table it will be seen that tbe geology of southeastern Ontario is much like that of the northeastern part of the Province, e.g.. Cobalt and surrounding region, distant two hundred miles or more. The Keewatin is present in large volume in both regions, but the Grenville sediments have a much greater thickness in the southeastern than in the northeastern region, owing to greater erosion in the latter. The Laurentian In one region possesses similar features to those of the ether. The Hastings series In char- acter and relations appears to be comparable to the Temiskaming series of the region surrounding Cobalt. The later granite, Moira, resembles in character and relations tha Liorraln granite of Cobalt. The post-Hastings basic intruslves, marked endix to this report is given a comparative table of the age relations of the pre^ambrian rocks of all the areas In Ontario that have been mapped systematiealljr. er (1798-1875). Sir William Kdmond Ixigan. K.U.S., Provincial Geoloitist of tht. Pr«vi.,„„ „f r. ^ (Fr»> ^Tii £ilJrS2LJ!*2Si« .tr 11^ "^ *j-oc.aUon of cry.timie HmiSS^eT'.n'd .nS^ MMM fanmi. Udtng 'hM it appxarcd to be «ipMllent Ui oonalder thu »i.^ .rV wrat. BMtUDorphic groap. .uppo^d to W newer than the Lu tM Ui« HuZun^h! rrtatlona wen at that time left undetermined, althouvh It ta obMrvM 2Ll.. i^ i.*^! pabbt*. of th. andertylng rock., here the Kund.mentJl Onelir^ ^ ^' •'®'*' Henry Q. Vcnnor, F.a.H. (IN40.IMM). •»d ^SbJr'fJSu^VeJ! "'TilSS "InH •„?'?? .°' ,"'•,. **^''=^' 8nrT.y o«n">ioo «' Can.d. from 188T to 1881. Thj ma4t of QMbS Tta Dkt?A f. {^1. " ^k'".* t" J-'o-b""" rock* ol wuth.ut.ra 0>Urie Md tb. .dj.r.ni part ^a»K. xw pieiar. 1. from • photograph taken about 1878. whJ' h!J''tL2?*"'* '?' ^'^*:?' (PublUhed lgB4). the name LaurenUan was adopted for Sh«« «-Jl J^5 J'*"*?*' '?./»'^» *" connection with the ExhlUUon of 1855 (which S m«Jh !SLiL""*7i*.'' ^»"" "y't"" "» "t-ted to conalstalmost exclMlTdy 2m" ^^22 J?tl»V""^r'""^°^'^ •***" " '» *"■»• howe"er. S to inchide "S aTffilSii^J^. Z!fi."""S."i? «■■*""! ""^ Byenltea, forming parts of the mVui. m .r t*? xrfSj?h°rr^Xs«iii\rr'fari7fhtsirue^^ "•^•* ^'*'"' ^"»«"- of the'"ottiJ?rM«rT''nJiK?.'?""''^°".'^?''« Temlskamlnr, an exp«naion of the upper part No. 4 i*t ymr to (1) ■pMtka eryaUl- t BMU- wt thejr ow call i intar' W M • l«n, the 111 hold fe-**^| ^uturiu ) lUMt II part d for n the •hlch lyely elude «, aa itian. part IV lew f..l:\ l^'T'WJ^?S>.J „ , ^^ (1821-1904.) K X rhapmaii, Ph.D.. LL.l).. I'lofessor of Mineralogy and GpoIokv In thp tJnivPr >h'r..i„ ,1 i,hntn,,riii:l, liikiH ilhii.it 1891.) 1913 The Pra-CMnbrian Ocology of Soutiieutern Ontario In Um raiUBMrjr toIuim of 1S6S .... the ezlsteBM of an Uppw Lnnnntlu. Laliradorlnn or NArUn 8«riM wu flnt tonUttTeljr Indldated In • awptemntarr ehaaiw! It U nnn«eeuMT to tiMom hor* the hlitonr of the rocks m Ttlimil. for tlM nuMwl ■erlea hM not stood the teat of later dlaeuaalon and research, dve ddofly to B^mtu aai Adams. The tnmnaUr stratliled rocks often tnelnded In it aro now OTflarstood to bo foliated empttyos. The recognition achlered br this and bjr othor moro or law hrpothotl- cal series about thla time may be traced to the brllUaat ehMaie»caoioglanl thoorlaa advanced by Hunt, prertoua to the general acceptance of modem petragrapkleal methods. " In a similar manner, and very JuoUy so, Logan, as a Hold ^ologlat. wm Inilusneod by the views held by I^rdl In the early editions of his ' Prlndplas ' to aoasBt wlthoat rsss r v a tion the foliation of crystalline rocks as indicative of original ' ' " " No re/erence has so far been made to the development of Arehaaa [pi»Caabriaa] roeks. known as the 'Haatlnv Series.' The rocks thus named ooeopy ccmsUlaniMe tnMis to the south of the OtUwa River, west of the City of OtUwa. They wen originally claased by Logan and Murray with the OreaviUe Serieo of the Lawwtlaa. alttaoitfi Murray soon after inalslod on their peculiar features, and they came to bo rinnnilMi br the above geographieal naaie during subseqaent diseoMlons as to their siilsillii position, by the authors above referred to, and by Hunt, Vennor, and MadMaBS. Tkaao rocks are particularly alluded to now, because later work seems to show that both Ike OrenvlUe Series and the Hnroalaa are represented In the district— In so far, at least, m Uthologlcal characters may be depended on. They include a prepondanaoe of thialy bedded limestones and dolomites, finer In grain and usually less altered than those of tha typical Orenvllle Seriea. asso ci a t ed with conglomerataa, bfoedaa aad slatM sUll retaining complete evldenoe of their clastic origin. " Reverting to the original dassifleatlon at the Anhaaa [praCamhrlaa] of tho Canadian Survey, as devoloped in the field by Logan aad his aaalBtaata wo may aow enquire— In how fkr doea this agree with the resulU of later work above oatUaodT la the main, this daanilcatlon still stands substantially unaltered, as the naalt ot aU honest work carefully and skillfully executed must The nomeaelaturo atontsd la stUI applicable, although some of our conceptions In regard to the rocka Indndad aador It hava necessarily undergone mors or less change. " The Lanreatlaa Is stUl iwpnvriately made to Include both the PnadaaMatal Gaalsa and the Orenvllle Seriea; although at first both were supposed to r ep r ese n t ' nstaaunrtde ' rocks. It was even then admitted (186S) that these embraced some plutimie masses ame- Ucally insqtarable from theuL Later investigations have Increased the tanaortanee vt such Plutonic oonstltaeata, whUe at the same time demoastraUng the origlnaUy n»- poeed sedimentary origin of the characteristic elements of the Orenvlllo fleriea: bat the admlaaloa of so hu«e a plutonic factor necessarily Invalldatea In gnat mearaia the esUmsAes of thlduiesa based upon the older reasoning, under which any parallellam of structure waa aooepted aa evidence of original bedding. " The subeequently outlined Labradorian [Norian or Upper Laurentlaa] has bsaa eliminated as a member of the time^eries. and the rocks of the so«alled 'HaMaa Group ' remain yet In a doubtful position, but with the promise that they may aflttrd a due to the true rdationa of the Orenvllle Series of the esstem and the Huroalan of tha western province of the Protasis."* Concluskms of Adams in 1901 For several yeara Meaars. F. D. Adams and A. B. Barlow were engaged in mapping and working out the geological structures of the Haliburton and Bancnft areas, whldi include about 4.S00 square miles. The work having been completed in UM, the reoaHa were summarised by Dr. Adams in the following words:— f " With the completion of this work it may be appropriate to state vmt briefly what has been accomplished. " The survey hss shown that the northern half of the area inapped eoaslBts almost exelualvely of granite-gneisses of igneous origin whteh would in all probaMlity have been classed by Logan aa Fundamental gneiss. The southern half of the area, on the other hand, condsts chiefly ot a series of very ancient sedimentary rocks, largdy llmestoaaa. which rests upon the gnelaalc series, but which has been invaded aad altered hr it Lane areas of the sedimeatary series have been so shattered and penetrated by the graatto- Knelss that a sort of breeda on an enormous scale has resulted. Oreat battiylltaa ot the fcranltic rock arch up aad break through the sedimentary series elsewhere, the latter being wrapped around the bathylitea in great sweeping curves. of the Haatinpi and OrenvUle aeries are ■ummarlsad by Dr. A. R. C SdwyST^ •••"•» t Qeol. 8nr., Otnada. Vol. XIV, 1901, pp. 14«-149A. ""wyn. ■ 8 Bureau of Mines No. A International Committee's ConcliMiona, 1906 In im an InternatJonal committee. conai.UnR of Canadian and United SUtes nolo. Si«2l« A-" . ,"*. •"!.-C-"»"'«' ««<'•» of the Adirondack MounSln the 'SS IZ^ »t-„ K t.^ "^"f"' •'"' '=-''™ O"^'*"" The following extrUa, frS, " report made by the committee, show the conclusion, to which it came • conmutS,:'"""'" ""*"'°" '» '"I* "«">" >• '<■'"•"' recor.l»^ M ulopUd b, Ih. i " CAMBRIAN— PotBdBin sandMonpa. etp. (Unconrormlt]') " PRB-CAMBRIAN— Oren*ll1« serlM (IntrutlTeoMtMt) Launntlui. •Journal of Geology. April-May, 1907, pp. 191-217 ~~ ' No. 4 1913 The Pre-Cambrian Qeolocy of Southeastern Ontario extensively developed in tlie region of the great laket. The GrenTllle eerie* has not m yet been found in conUct with either of theee, and until this has been done and the rela- tion of the several series have been carefully studied, their relative stratlgraphloal poaition must remain a mere matter of conjecture."* ConcluskMM of Miller and Knight, 1907 In 1907, the authors prepared a brief paper on the district under review.f In that paper, conclusions given as to the age relations of the rocks were practically the same aa those in the present report It was shown that the Orenville series had a basement. Keewatin rocks having been found to occur in the district. The iron formation, which was discovered in that year, was placed with the Orenville sediments. Conglomerate and other rocks were deflnltely separated from thofw sediments, the name Hastings being retained for them. Since the paper was written, a larger territory has been examined and a more com- plete knowledge of the character of the Orenville sediments, and their relations one to another, has been obtained. The age relations of the various intrusives have been deter- mined, and the discovery of numerous erosive contacts between Hastings conglomerate on the one hand, and granlte-gnelss, Keewatin rocks and various members of the Oren- ville series on the other, has enabled a more complete geological history to be written. More Recent PubllcatkNis While the papers and reports Issued within the last six years add nothing to our knowledge of the age relations of the rocks, during this period, one of the most im- portant and detailed reports has been published that has yet been written on the pre-Cam- brian of any Canadian area.t The authors are P. D. Adams and A. E. iBarlow, and the ... . ,^'"" •>>■ M & K.— The followlnif notes and extractB «how that the con«lomerateii and their llmeatone pebbles were known to early workers In the field. The stratlvraphlcal rela- tiens of the conKlomerateB were, however, left In doubt, aa they were by the International Committee report, quoted above. In the Report of the aeologlcal .Survey of Canada for 1S62-63, M"ray described the eonslomerate on the Queensboru road and the llmefitone pebbles that ere to be found in it He aliio mentions the occurrence of conglomerate near the village of Madoc and at Belmont Macfarlane. In the Report for 1863-66, page 93, said: "ConKlomerates. consisting of •^ .y*"i. ""•.™"y ".' quartiite. In a schistose matrix, and lltholoarlcally not unlike soma of the Huronlan rocks, are frequently met with In Madoc." In a footnote to this statement. Logan does not agree with Macfarlane's suggestion that the rocks are Huronlan. He says "The rocks of Marmora. Madoc, and other townships In Hastings, have provisionally been classed with the Laurent Ian series, with which they app»- to be conformable, and in common with which they hr.ld Eozoon Canadenae. In which, : -wever, the canals and interspaces of the fossil are filled with carbonate of lime Instead of any of the silicates filling them in other parts. These Ha.stlngs rocks may be a higher portion of the Lower Laurentian series than we have met with elsewhere. It Is not to be inferred from the presence in them of a schistose conglomerate that therfiore they are Huronlan. As shown In the Oeology of Canada, p. 31. conglomerates occur In the Laurentian, as well as In the Huronlan series." The conglomerates and their limestone pebbles are also described by Mr. H. O. Vennor in the Report for 1866-69, pp. 143-171. In the Report for 1869-70, the same author regards the conglomerates as probably of Huronian age. Prom 1866, for about twelve ye.irs. Mr. H. G. Vennor was engaged In studying the Laurentian system, which then Included the Orenville and Hastings series. In southeastern Ontario and the adjacent part of Quebec. His conclusions, after these years of study are given by Dr. A. R. C. Relwyn. at that time Director of the Oeologlcal Survev. In the Report for 1877-78, p. lOA, Dr. Selwyn said: " Since 1866, Mr. H. O. Vennor. of the Qeologlcal Corps, has been occupied In a careful examination of the stratlgraphlcal relations of the Laurentian rocks Thus, at the commencement of Mr. Vennor's Investigation in 1866, It was supimsed that the limestones and culoareoua schists of Tudor and Hastings holding rotoon together with certain associated dloritlc, felsltlc. micaceous, slaty and conglomerate roclcs were a newer series than those already examined and described bv Sir W. R Logan' and they were accordingly designated In the retmrt published in 1870, the nn»tina» sertea', and It was further supposed, from Its apparent stratlgraphical position and from certain llthological resemblances, that it might be of Huronlan age. The gradual progress of the work, however, from west to east, has now, I think, conclusively demonstrated that the Hastings group, together with the somewhat more crystalline limestone and gneiss groups above referred to. fl.e., Orenville series], form one great conformable series." Prom this quotation it will be seen that the conclusions arrived at by Selwyn and Vennor on the work between 1866 and 1878. and the conclusions of the International Com- mittee In 1906, on the work done after 1892. are the same, vli.: that the Hastings and Orenville form one conformable series. t Ontario Bureau of Mines, Vol. XVI., Part I, pp. 221-213. t Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir No. 6, 1910. Geology of the Hallburlon and Bancroft areas, by Prank D. Adams and Alfred R. Barlow. , 10 Bureau of Mines No. ?J^^ IT^ . ' u*^ *" *'•" Hallburton and B^crott nr^, which lie u, U,.- nor Md northwe,t. jamcmt beyond the HmlU of the dl.trlct we have examined. The H. work on which the report U baMd wa. done chiefly between the year. 18»2 and 11W2. The authon ujr, pp. 4»^1: "III 'J^^ ^^'^^ •"^"'' "^» "*■" ^ •"••"'' •»°"°«"» nP «» follows:- *-~-ilfi "•*^<* '^■■' «•» Pre-Cambrlan times, covered by a Bea. in which the«. w ?t^^H !fl?»1S' */ arglllaceouB and arenaceous sediment foundU. S.V 1^ ttfs « Jh-7V .•l?**"*l**.\u"'"* *' ^*«"«»» ^«'«"««' »«=t"^ty. 'or there '• reLon to teut^ iSdlmenS^ SH^J^L ^.J^X ^«"r*.°' •"'PhlboIlte'lntemtraUfl^ ^ the ^ S!fiJ^ il7s™**'*?' repreaenU rolcanJc aahes and other claatlc material Tvolcan origin, which waa, from Ume to Ume, thrown out into the aea in which norm-ii^ menu ion waa going forward. There are also ilows o7 poA.h^ritic Uva aSd SSUTI Plutonic iwska. probably repre«»nOng the deeper parts of y^S centm. ^^ «* -ji^-S!""" the nature of the basement upon which this Immense accumulaOc of sedimentary material was laid down we have no cerUin knowledge Itor no Mrt of oan be recognised at the present time as the original floor. * ' '^^ *" This great series was then folded In a general direction N SO* E and nmh.M TOlS'SSSSSTowL^Ji^ the folding, was inv^ed by 'I^ eSomiu's" hSi'y"? S25S SeJK It rL'^iI^ " ^'•/nfS™'.'" «"*» bathollths. Into the overiylng series? J» S-S!?!5.K "S* »***'°"1!.""** *"" countless fragments of the Invaded rock I SidSSmI^^^SSLKI'" •3!!?"^°?* °°'y disrupted them, but chang^ K Int unpuibollte. The amphlbollte produced In this way, as well as that referred to ahov Sla^"^^^?!,^^^:*?^?*** ^"h "i^ "me-tones, and of dlffer^t origin S ^ SS Sf^lc'".'S^'L* o'f'sShlfc':^"*^ •"'''• '•*« "'"*^'"* »' »•>« '^•'"«- *»"»« the'SS .i»..^^"l.*° *''® TOutheast comer of the area the sedlmenUry cover is thick .«< almost cont nuous, on going toward the northwest it become m to? ninlt of mo^ f ^'Jnt^'tS' P~K""»'«'y ""'nwr. wh»e the volume TerStTbreSuMuD ttrZS It gradually becomes greater until the northern limit of the^mcroft sheet ?? ^hSi !5^«tJ .** f?^^^ "J »?Pl>»»»<>"te scattered through the bathollths of gnrt^an^ arrjmged in lines conforming to the strike of the foliation of tte latter Se eiJ^™ S?l to"e"^s^'S,th"ln^dM IS-*".*" *h".* '*'* '*'".• **«»«' PaS'of toe'secTton,'^l™ SU^mo'^^S'enr^hlinr.o'S^or'VS^^^^ "»«'' ""»">"'*•"•' «-«--- » " "^f* are displayed the roots of the mountains. Prom what has been uitho',gh containing a large amount of voSc mLX KndTs ISko ^S ?J[**"*l7.?**',?'!Sj*'y ''*P°«'^ *" '»*ny districts, resU upon grMlte' whl^h is Inl?SdiS J£.?"i'' *S JT*^""" *° ""* *"*• *" »"">K the border of the m^ shield or DrotalT. ?^ OnUrio and Quebec, as well as In the Adirondack mountains, throrenvllle which ?„t™^ the base of the sedimentary series, shows precisely thrsame reSuons " OntaVi'o"*L«V"n*o?^er7e?ro'hv'ruHnu?wm*e;; "F.f/Cnnr". T" ''V "' -""•heaMern Mador-Marmora area. C<.i!te\.ay8: " FIftee farire imeouL m««i JIJ'^"^^"" "^ P»M "' »"« ar. to be found there In an area .,f Bfl«"quare mflea ^^ev^^^rM^.hrTnhrr """""f ."?" roeks to pieces and have completely metamorphoiirt Jargt i^?eBmof th' rVr-i'^^^ rnl.?M5^ '.°;.,*Vh'. \jr"V ""*"*. •"•««'"»?Ph5wd'Vo'cl."fprlnclpilIy"^,^M^4i?pL'^d*Ty !.^r?*J?^Ve■r^u*„^%'r"&"e'poTt'"rfe%^/"surv';"^(^n'.'7«'8.•'",l,' 2*,!'a*. "•" "' ♦•"' ArT4"n"'S?''th'a? No. 4 1913 The Pre-Cambrlan Oaoloffy of Southoastern OnUK'io II to Uif north d. The field ad UN)2. ws:— h there wm in thlclineu. a loDK one, i probably of the fact that nto this sea. n to believe the normal of volcanic normal sedl- id boMes of ccumulation to part of It nd probably of granite.* ; Mriet, di» d rock. In d them Into ed to above IS, in many IK the form thick, and lit of more up throacb la reached, occasional meiss, and rhe erosion tlon, where evidence of Bald it will ^nomena as to Indicate Idest stratl- of granite, Ic masses, region of series, ahd Is also in la Intruded protazis In hich forms ntitheafitern part nt the mailer onen >r primitive lat Bystem, ■phosed bv Mn of that THfi ROCKS OP THE DISTRICT The following notes on the rocks supplement those In the summary on a preceding The Keewatin. — The most ancient rocks which have been recognised consist essen- tially of green gchlsts. It can he shown that they are of Igneous origin, because they gometlmes pass gradually Into altered basalts which still retain ellipsoidal struc- tures, Fig. 20. and because chemic ' analyses prove that thei. composition is similar to basic lavas. The rocks have been correlated or classed with the Koewettn, mainly for two reasons: (a) They have the same mineral composition and appearance as many of the Keewatin schists in Northern and Northwestern Ontario, and are, In part, altered pillow lavas, ib) They occur In the same stratlgraphlc position as these rocks, namely, at the base of the geological column. In other parts of Ontario the Keewatin period Is considered to have been one of great volcanic activity, during which enormous quantities of lavas were erupted, prob- ably largely under the surface of the ocean. It Is not known upon what kind of rocks these lavas originally rested. Owing to rock decay, and especially to migrating solutions from the limestones, the Keewatin and other members of the pre-Cambrlan are often highly Impregnated with calclte and dolomite. The OrenviUe Beriei. — The volcanic activity of the Keewatin was succeeded by a period during which ncdlments, known as the Grenvllle series, and now represented by crystalline limestone, greywack<^, quartzlte, slate and iron formation, were deposited. It has not been proved that contemporaneous lava-flows occurred during the deposition of the Grenville sediments. Such, however, may have been the case, as the Intense volcanic activity of the Keewatin would not probably abruptly change to a long-continued era of sedimentation. It Interbedded flows of lava do occur It may be difflcult to distinguish them from the basement flows, Keewatin, on which the Grenvllle sediments rest These rocks are of great thickness, and are considered by some authors to be the thickest pile of sediments known on the earth's crust, having been estimated by Vennor* at 60,000 to 60,000 feet, and later by Adams at 94,406 feet.t The present writers, however, believe that certain Keewatin lavas have been Included In these measurements, thus giving to the Grenville series too great a thickness. At Madoc the thickness appears to be at least halt a mile. Generally speaking, the base of the Grenville series, where seen in contact with the Keewatin, consists of greywack^. Fig. 21, and quartzlte, which pass upwards Into lime- stone. We have not been able to prove that the surface of the Ketswatin was eroded before the deposition of the Grenvllle, but the presence of quartzlte and greywackfi beds would seem to Indicate that there was a land surface. A striking characteristic of the Grenvllle sediments Is the absence of coarse material. The iron formation, which Is very subordinate, consists of pyritlferous schist, and of granular or cherty quartz, Jaspilyte, grey to red In color, and containing sometimes considerable Iron oxides. The JaspUyte Is regarded as a chemical precipitate. It Is believed that the Grenville sediments were deposited in part on the ropy surface of sub-marine lavas belonging to the Keewatin. The La%rentian. — After the deposition of the limestones and other sediments of the Grenvllle series, both the Keewatin and Grenvllle rocks were Invaded by vast masses of granite and syenite. The Intrusion caused the older rocks to become folded, crumpled and altered to schists and gneisses. Thus their bedding or schistose planes now rest in vertical or highly Inclined positions. The Invasion ot the granites also appears to have destroyed. In many areas, the Keewatin lavas, so that the basement on which the Grenvllle sediments originally rested Is frequently not seen, cr at least, not recog- * Oeoloirlcal Survey of Canada, \t^t-^^. pp. 299-300. t Osolofty of the Haliburton and Bancroft areas. Province of Ontario, Memoir No. t, p. 3(, QeoloKlcal Survey of Canada. Journal of Oeoloiry. Vol. XVI, 1908, p. 610. 8 B.)C. I 12 BurMu of MInM Nq M. Further. It I. conclwd that n„Me. of the ir.nlt. mMm. forced their ww thn l«.liHt?![!r*I^"l[**.*""' "' "" L.»r««>tlw, gnelMei I. th.t they .re often mor. IrorB"fll.^Jrt« IS w/J"" ^"^ r* "'*'"'*"^ '"*»-^ o' »"• K«^' ««»!?»« 1- ^ ^ •" •*"»"* •"• ">' ^'•* "«"»••» «««>»te magma and flatU fn^^«„ !^ •*" "^ """""'• '^'"' '•"••*•» •»"">»"'« "a. al«, beS cauid by l2iCVaLerrheX"rr.r " -"" " '"" ''-'« ^-'^ '-« -•>-- .. """i* lirtaiten compoaing the Laurentlan complex were probably Intruded .t v^n -z;r.nTiL^..i^;pr"""" '"^'"' - "-- »' — -- --- ^.nu** ««"»»• ««r(r*. Movemenu connected with the invaalon of the Laurent •«• leTel and formed mounum rangee. Erclon of the mounUlns took olace i o:^::lf' ""' "'""'''"'"• ''"■ '"'™" '""'" '"'- «•*«" deep «d long L't?n«ed 11^!?. f T*»»«' '''•*'»"«• »»0 «"*«««»• ThiB period of eroalon w«i followiTy to or partial .ubmergence of the land aurface below the ocean, and bed. of rnglome« Pig. 10. and quartzlte-holdlng pebble, of Keewatln. Orenvllle. PJg 11 anriSu^n^ rook^were depoelted. RemnanU of theae Haatlni. «dlmenU Lur "Je^nd ?h^ to«Trfl.d\d wUh\h' Z"''' I' "'"'"' '""•^- - '"•' '"- Of na^ot ij;!" ha ^^TV^ , w' °"*" '■*^''"- '^'"' ~ngIomerate. and quartilte. are .chl.to«.- ^nlLl.tI r '°y'"' "*•■'*" '' *" °''"""" »•"'* t"* 'o^*^" wWch acted on t conglomerate, and quartxlte. of the Ha^rtlng. Bcries. caualng them to become iwio mu.t al«, have acted on the older granites and .yenltes of the Laurentlan. causing " the^granlte. and syenite, were formed in part when the granite was «ni In a plaa «, .k'^"!?.".^*"*" *""* ""'*'' ''•*K'"«nt^ foci" of the Hasting, w-rle. occur in oa> Of the dtatrlct. ouUlde of the area mapped, viz.. near Sulphide, a station on the Can*"!' ^ITmT T °' """•"'• ""• "*'" ">* "•""-•^ «' »"« Madoc-iarmor. wagoSri oyer the Moira river, east of Deloro. The conglomerate, southeast of the Actlnoin Ing page. Its relations to the granite-gneiss are Instructive. Prom what has been .aid In preceding paragraph., it will b^ .een t'lat the ter "Haatlng. .erles " is used in a more definite and a more restricted s^^L Vl^!. '^JLTu •"? "' "''''' ^■^"^"- '" ^'^"" -pons" e tr^ o^r 'LT. cryatelllne llme.tone.. mo.t of which we place with the GrenvlUe. together with co S whlor,t""* T' "'?""'""• "^^ '""" ^■"-'"^ »'"' ^«^"> '^ cov;r part If The r^ o which It was formerly applied, but not all of them. In the same way he nTn «nZ h°', ''"T;- """ "^""'^ '"' ""'^ » -"» °' »"« rock, to "'fich It w" .S2dt'^r;r:u''p. "' ^""''' "^"' •"*•"• ''- ^-^-^'"^ •""' '^-'^ «•- -- «-" at the time held the .ame opinion cSScernl". the banded nt?d ,"„fiuV'"."" .. ".'"'•'■»' Woloal-t of Seotland (Srr Memoirs of the Oeol ^l.al S^Pve? "r^ nlt/'ul^^^,'^ '"n^'J" Highland Striuture of the North-Weat Hlghlnnji. of Scotland, paae 13.) Hrltaln.— The 0«»1„kIc.i i No. 4 1913 TIm Pr*-C«mbrian Qcoloffy of SouthoMtorn Ontario 13 >lr way through OrenvUU Mtfi. • contact la tact It may bo often more or iterlal. It can the Keewatln and flattened eauMd by the e ichlatoM or led at rarioua of Flinton, in occurrence ia le Laurentian B rocka above t place. The ontinued, for I, exposing to owed by toUl conglomerate, d LAurentlan re and there sei or banda, achtatose; In ble from the acted on the me achistoae, . cauaing the Btructurea of In a plaatlr cur in parta :he Canadian wagon road e Actinolite- on a follow- at tlir term I this report !d the blue T with con- >f the rocks y the name lilch it was V Dot being Foat-a^mmga IntntttveM.—Tht youngeat pre to the present day. Paulto with amall throw are, however, occasionally found. Fl«. 2a. Ki»« mat ol •oxoon-llke matertal fro n Bis U'and. Bclmunt take. Natural (lie he Canadian ti KeoloKlatH e Hiirhland.« e OuiiliiRic.'il 14 BurMU of MiiiM N4 TOPOQRAPrfY «McrlpUon of tho topocra^br ot loutbeaatern Onuri.. .h. '"'""*'••; "''"-*»««l>*»»tern Ont.rJo pre«.nu . gre.t vari.ty of topographic tm «2« "U"ltV';«"V!:l'""' ''^*'^^-""" "' '••« •-''«'• .««lo«lc.lTruotur.^ Wflon. Wh.t 1. tra« of the wUeulu looUltiet «mbrae«4 bv the Isolated map ab tb. poaltlon. of wblcb are Indhafd on tbe accompanying fc..v plan. Plf 1 iH^S IB a lenoral way to adjacent tntm. " . • . .win B„^'[!!f'rK"**'"? "^}' '^"' '" *"• '""*" *" ' """ 1"'"'"» ••»* «»"«• "BO of O-^Jf tbe «,«tb of thi. line U underlaid by undlatiirh^d Pa. ^k, formation., dlwtnf at ^l" "L'k f"" "" "'"* ""'• •" """ "°'^'' """"°'1 "*•- '• t»»« predominant !h.. .h"T '""*■**""« »*» •"•' """> " '• on the border line of the.e two main dirl. tb«t tbe larger mapped ana. 11^. «„d. In ,n„»equ.M.,.. area, embraced by tbe geoloi ■baeu accompanying tbla report poMeas physlographl, fi^acurei common to both tha Cambrian and the Paleosoic. The main line of the Canadian Paclflo Rallwaj. Toronto to Montreal via P« borough. traTerM»i the aoutbern part of the areaa embraced by the Belmont and Act lite-Cloyno abeata. 26 »id 18 miles north of the above-mentioned railway line. Ollmour atatlon, on tha ?L .J* T w"^"'" "•"*'^' "" * •"'" *"'^*"«»- »'0" '•« •••ov* the sea. or ^f ^^^ )l ^^- ^"'»«>*^*'y »«» »«>«' «"* o' the On.pah are., and one an. nS! !? m" .«« .^~°* •*•""" "" '••* '^'"«'""' ■""> Pembroke Railway 1. the .i i» ? ". K * '**'• ^••"•* '*° "••" "" """"•*«' '" '"^ Ontario Highland, on height of land between Lake Ontario to tbe south and tbe Ottawa River to the north It I. to the nve southern sheets that thia topographic description appllea more i ticularly. a. the writer did not riak either the Ollmour or Ompah arm.. .w ^J'" *"'" ""'■ "' '■***''* **■' "*''* ■'*••'*'* «'**^*> "wt'on to a greater ext than the surrounding country, stand out in bold relief, and have been utillied by Dominion Geodetic Survey for the location of primary trlangulatlon atatlon.. On* these observaUon towers Is situated on the Bald mountains, about three mile* west Kaladar station on tbe Canadian PaclHc railway. Another, about ten mile* northe of Queenaboro. 1. located on the highest point of Mount Maria, lot 28. concesalon townahlp of OrlmatbDriK'. There la also a tower aHuatert near the Ompah ar about two miles east of Lavant station on the Kingston and Pembroke railway Tbi trlangulatlon towers are prominent landscape features, visible for many mile, fn elevated points where a clear view la obtainable. The region has been the .cene of lumbering operations for a number of decaii, on the line le gea, or 7U d one and a \y la the sum- hiandi on the the north. Ilea more par- Teater extent tinted by the tons. One of mltea weit of Ilea northeast »nceaslon 11, Ompah area, II way. These ' mllea from r of decades h coniferous It from time V barely ekr !ontrol could tlon, general i become so ny of which to traverso ble in order ticularly ttie 1913 TiM Pr«-C«inkrtaii OMlocy ol SouthMutorn UnUHo IS JYe-CaMkrteN.— Pre-Canibrtan tti^ograpby is remarkabljr vntform tbraughovt Ob- Urlo, and haa been described by many wrltera. Various teras— Canadian ahleld, Laurentlaa peaaplaln, aatf Areheaa proUiis— have been applied to dealgnaU this Mt- standing physiographic province, the backbone of central Canada. The singularly even sky-line, perhaps the moat characteristic topographic feiMure, majr be noted from almoat any prominent hill where a clear view can be obtained. Only ta this way will the casual observer note the plain-like character of the upland aurfaea. In- terrupted occaalonally by greater elevations standing out in relief. Very rarely does an elevation exceed the height of the adjacent depression by more than 100 feet. In detail the pr^Cambrian peneplain is rough, and towarda the margins la mora ruggad. Rolling areaa are the rule, hummocky ones the exception. Monadnocka are in- frequent. In most cases the surface elevations present a roundao appearance, devoid of overburden, and plainly show the results of glacial sculpturing. The region presents a perfect network of lakea connected by st.-eama that are noted for rapids and waterfalla. la parte the water area approaehea 26 per cent* of the whola. In fact all the characterlatlcs. Including imperfectly developed drainage, are IndicatlTa of a youthful stage in the present cycle of erosion. Throughout Canada the average elevation of the preOambrlan la approximately 1,000 feet, and, so far as is known, the maximum elevation In Ontario is in the neighborhood of 2,100 feet above aea level. PaleomHr.— Paleoiolc topography, in contrast with pr»Cambrlan, preaenU an en- tirely dilferent aapect The general character of the country is rolling and drift- covered for the moat part. Drainage la better developed, and agriculture la the chief indnatry. The present line of contact between pre^ambrian and Paleoxolc la intricate, flat- lying sedimentary outliers are numerous. Sometimes these are separated by many miles from the main Paleoxolc mass to the south. Consequently the topography of the areas embraced by the accompanying map sheets is varied, partaking partly of pre- Cambrian and partly of Paleosolc chanwteriatica. Through the counties of .N'orthumberland and Hastings the main lines of the Grand Trunk and Canadian Paclflc railways parallel one another and both traverae the Paleoaoie areaa. The former follows the shore of Lake Ontario, while the latter is inland a distance varying from twenty to twenty-live miles. The average elevation of the lakeshore railway is 50 feet above Lake Ontario while tha of the inland line is 460 feet above the lake. Thus wo have a gradient of 15 feet to the mile towarda the aouth. Radlwaya usually follow lines of depression, yet. In the absence of contoured topographic maps of this area, the above daU are the best available to repreaent the aur- face gradient. It Is also worthy of note that the entire aoutbern watershed from Qilmour to Lake Ontario, embracing both the pre-Cambrian and Paleozoic fomuKtions, has a uniform surface gradient. Topographirally, the most important feature in connection with the Black River limestones is the cuesta whose escarpment front extends along the entire northern boundary of the Paleoxolc. Through the counties of Hastings and Addlngton the cuesta is only partly visible owing to drift deposits. One prominent outcrop marks the southern shore of iVlolra lake where the plateau rises to an elevation of 150 feet above the wide valley to the north. This limestone escarpment has a talus slope reaching well up towards the crest. Another exposure of the cuesta occurs two and one-half mllea north of Tweed, lots 8 and 9, roncession XII., Hungerford township. On the Belmont 8h"et there is a precipitous cliff, 70 feet high, with talus slope abutting the aouthem shore of Round lake. a»os^Me°ci^ngrlnV "*" '^"'''•"" '""" "' Canada, by A. W. O. Wilson. Eighth International *«C«OeOPV «BOWTION TBT CHAIT (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) A /APPLIED IIVHGE 1653 Eo8( Main Street ('16) «2 - 03O0 - Ph<.„e ^* (716) 2M-5989 -fa. ( !' 16 Bureau of Mines N>. in« a general nonCTZrlt^l!t7lZZ\r^Z? "' «laclo-fluvlal origin. 1« ably eskers. rise quite steeply to 20 or ^XfT\ ^^^^ """^ hog-s-backs, pn Another prominent morainlc ridge occurs near tho =^,.n,».^ sheet, three-quarters of a mile north ottLT ^ *'"i^«^ oo'i^"- «' the Belmoi .avellea road .om Ha.elock to rLrf fl^sT l^m mT.^r a^s^^e o^oLt the BeTmVn't^Srr/'johttr d?' ff '"""/.r"^'^"'^' "^ «'"'"« »' ""- -'•> < Jumble of limestone bouiderfatdb'uTd' V '"• "•«'^"«'' «"•«- -"eh Is a remarkabl m greatest variety, have experienced i^Lf J T ^''''"«"°°«- comprising rock chle..y m a northeast and ut^^^s^^/.^..^ -" » oorapUctea folding valleys and ridges trending T hnLflH, m * '^''" "' ^^^^ '""^'''K mlno upland topography. The Act Llll Clovn. T" T "" "*' '""""""'* '«'''"^« »' ^h, manner. Frequent y swar^lreas;^?'r,.H, "°°'''"*'^ *"^ ''"•"' *» »" »«"»'« rld.es, .g.. .he Bo/ndary swaZllr ItrolVs^ ^^^^ rdTrrL^^ ^^^ escarpm:nrr:::.erv\r7l^^^^^^^^^ """^ ^-"^"^ -ar the Paleozol, Place contlnuous^t a re.aUv[y long pe^rddr''^ iTl' "=''"""' •"'•'•"'•"'^ ^"^^ were worn down and the nre rlmhwl It ? '''""' *''" Paleozoic sedlmenti numerous Hme. one 1 11 rs Snt dLee^^^^^^^ shfted southerly, leaving behind 1913 The Pre-Cambrian Qeoloa^ of Southeastern Ontario 17 I vary greatly It with talus In moat cases de is utmally r away In a In the rugged » dairying la tnt On the the northeast oncesslon II., a prominent >utller, three- locally as the elmont. there 1 origin, hav- s-backs, prob- the altitude Iges are said nee of small >ve the level the Belmont The main e of one-half les south of remarkable n character, ■rthest point m definitely pies a large •islng rocks tted folding ding minor ares of the 1 an ocular I the rocky rrle. e Paleozoic ibably took sediments ng behind Dal erosion old valleys. by glacial result of normal drainage development along the northerly edge of alternately hard and soft strata dipping away from the old land to the north. The general gradient of the pre-Cambrian interior rarely exceeds 4 feet per mile.* Near the margin the dip increases to as much as 20 feet per mile toward the Paleosoic sediments. North of Lake Ontario the pre-Cambrlan floor on which the Paleosoic rocks rest, baa an average southeaaterly gradient of 23.7 feet per mile. From data wbitdi Mr. Wilson furnishes, this Paleozoic basement gradient in Hastings >ounty am<^-int8 to 25 feet per mile dipping from north to south. More recent work in the Peterborough and Slmcoe regions has verified the dip of the limestones.** This dip is S.S.W. on the average, amounting to about 25 feit per mile, but varied somewhat by slight undulations, folds, and occasionally steep dips near the pre-Cambrian boundary where the thickness of the limestones is slight. The limestones, however, are rarely faulted. A study of the beaches of glacial lakes tAljronquin and Jlroquols shows that the region along the pre-Oambrian southern boundary has experienced dlfTerentiaJ uplift dur- ing and subsequent to the existence of thee -; ancient lakes. The warped beaches exhibit a decided increase in uplift towards the N.N.E. The Algonquin beach uplift amounts to 6 feet per mile in the vicinity of OrilUa, and the Iroquois beach differentilal elevation Is as much as 6 feet per mile in Huntingdon township about 10 miles south of the Madoc sheet. It is still believed by many that the uplift since glacial times was an isostatic move- ment due to relief from the burden of the ice sheet. In this connection! F. B. Taylor, who has studied the Pleistocene of southern Ontario for several years, sounds a note of caution. He states tha.t the relations between the boundaries of the Ice and the uplifted lands are somewhat discordant and that the preponderance of evidence only slightly favors the idea of resilience following depression by the ice weight. The other hypothesis of such deformation and uplift Incident to creeping movements is regarded as more tenable. Many interesting problems await solution which cannot be intelligently studied until contoured topographic maps are available. At present topographic mapping is being carried on in Eastern Ontario by the Department of Militia and Defence, Ottawa. The sheets already published .re on a scale of one and two miles to the Inch, and show all the topographic features, viz.: hydrography, hypsography and culture. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE AREAS On following pages are given descriptions of each of the seven areas that have been mapped by the authors. The most western area, that of Belmont lake, is first described. This is followed by the descriptions of the Actlnollte-CIoyne and the other areas that are shown on the index map, Fig. 1. ,. , •Physf'^al Geology of Central Ontario, by A. W. O. Wilson. Vol. VII, Part I. Transactlon.s Can. Inst., ••W. A. Johnston, Summary Reports, Geol. Survey. 1906-11. t J. W. Goldthwalt, Memoir No. 10. Geol. Survey, 1910. tA. P. Coleman, Bureau of Mines' Report. Vol." XITI, 1904. I F. B. Taylor. Glacial and post-glacial lakes of the great lakes region, Smithsonian Report, pp. 291-327, 1912. Ill the evi- lifying the argely the 18 Bureau of Mines No THE BELMONT LAKE AREA INTRODUCTION ThlB area. ir. Belmont township, Peterborough county, contains within Its bor both Belmont and Round lakes. Havelock station, a divisional point on the Cana Pacific Railway, one hundred miles east of Toronto, lies In the southwest comei the map sheet which covers approximately 50 square miles.* Belmont lake occupl depression In the pre'Cambrlan rocks near the northern edge of the Paleozoic i which stretches southward to Lake Ontario, distant 35 miles. In addition to its Interest from the geological point of view, the area posse other characteristics that make it worthy of being mapped In more detail thai had been up to the time that our work began. The two lakes possess attract for summer visitors and campers. On the shores of both, a number of cotti have been built. Bass and "lunge," or masking .ge, fishing is good. During ( of three years small-mouthed black bass, caught in Belmont lake, have taken, first prize, offered by certain sporting Journals and newspapers for the fish of class of the greatest size. Pish have been sent In competition with those from lake not only from many parts of Ontario, but from the nort'iMrn United Statet well. A few of the smaller streams have been stocked with speckled trout. Bi 80 conveniently situated for visitors from Toronto and other centres of population, area cannot fall to grow in popularity as a tourist resort. 1 Moreover, the area rissesses attractions for the student of forestry and art culture. The writers have seen no better examples of the conditions requisite the seeding and growth of pines than are shown on the point of Belmont lake the north end of Wilson bay. Years ago the area was visited by heavy fires wl destroyed all but a few of the pine trees that were numerous and made the i important for its timber. On the part of the lake referred to, a few red pines one or two white ones escaped the fire and were left as seed trees. Poplars h since grown up and now have a height of fifty or sixty feet or more. Back from shore where the seed has been blown, In the shade of the poplars, there is noi pretty growth of young pine trees four or five feet in height. The area Is deserving of more attention than it has received as a site for ai orchards. Much of the land is rough, and, not being well adapted to the growth ordinary crops, it can be bought at a low price. Apple trees, in spite of the ( that they do not receive the attention given to orchards in established fruit dlstrl do well. In 1912, the trees were loaded with fruit, without the aid of fertillz or spraying solutions. Within the area, at the present time, there are being worked the gold m at Cordova, the iron mine on the property adjacent to the south, and the t qu-xrry of the Ontario Rock Company, whose plant, with a nominal capacity of tons a day, is on a spur of the railway, about three miles east of Havelock. Addltio notes win be given on these industries on later pages. ■or = *J*P No. 22a. A careful topographic survey of the lake and Islands was made by w^. R. Rogers; the Islands, which are numerous, have been numbered from south to nortl 1913 The Pre-Cambrian Qeology of Southeastern Onterlo 19 ROCKS OF THE AREA The rocks of the Belmont Lake area are classlfled, by the authors, as foUowg:— Plelatocene QLACIAL AND RECENT Boulder clay, sand and gravel. Paleozoic ORDOViciAN Black River limestone with basal sandstone and conglomsrate. (Oreat unconformity.) Pre-Cambrlan POST-HASTINQS INTRUSIVRS Belmont amygdaloidal basalt and tuff. Belmont gabbro^iabase. (Igneous contact.) HASTINOS (TEMISKAMINQ?) SERIES 1. Slate, quartzite and greywackfi, thin beds of conglomerate and limestone. 2. Conglomerate and subordinate 1>eda of slate. IVnconformity.) QRENVILLE SERIES 1. Blue and white crystalline limestone, essen- tially non-magnesian, together with subordinate beds of fine-grained quartzite or chert. 2. Quartzose, dolomitic, crystalline limestone and sedimentary material lying between limestone and K^ewatin. 3. Iron formation (banded chert, jasper, or granu- lar quartz.) 4. Rusty quartz-mica schist. 6. Fine to medium-grained, quartz-feldtpar gneiss of doubtful origin. KEEWATIN COMPLEX Hornblende and chlorite schists essentially of sub- marine volcanic origin. The rocks, beginning with the oldest series, will be described in the following paragraphs: — THE KEEWATIN COMPLEX A belt of green schist, striking N. 15°E. and dipping steeply to the east, occurs along the west side of Belmont lake. The schist, which is fine to medium in grain, consists of green hornblende, chlorite, epldote, zolsite, biotlte, feldspar, calcite, quartz and magnetite. Here and there in the rock occur round or oval masses, made up largely of epldote and over a foot In diameter. These masses are probably bombs. The following analysis shows the schist to have the composition of a basalt, and to be, therefore, of igneous origin. The sample analyzed was a composite one taken at various points along the west short of Belmont lake. SiO, 44.85 AlA 20.53 Pe,0, 5.45 FeO 12.96 MgO 2.45 CaO 9.88 Na,0 2.16 K,0 35 H.0 1.36 99.98 20 Bureau of Mines I Round lake ^n t «'*^"''"""' •"^''"" •'''t^"«"' '""•.her.y fro.n tho northeast , Round lake. I„ olace. tho ■ .uk is a foar«e hornblendt-schlat. On lot 25 sixth concession of the township of Beln.ont. b.-yond ,h.. northern boundary of Ih h.„H ""•'T'"'''* h.rnblendoschist consisting for the most part of green horn c ci :■ At th": .V"" """"""-^ "' ^"""- '"•'•'"■^ •" """'^ - feidf;: epdo .HI 1 . "orthwest corner of this lot. 100 feet from the corner po^t. the :;;;irrn:c"7/r*'""' ""•" °"''"'^''" °^ «- ■-'• '- aiameirNt or iatXttd^rTbrorfrx" p?r "■ '"'^ ^^•"^' '^ --''''' ^-^ '-- '-' THE aUliNVILLE SERIES M..JV "!"""';" "'*"'■ "•"*'""""■ limrsto„rs. .SHcUam non-magnraian. togethe, *utor,„„atr br„s of fi„r.„r,H„.;l .uartzitr „ .Hnt Those crystalline limestones contain low amounts of magnesia, occur for the most part on 'he east side of lake and on some of the islands, and also in minor beds on ti:p west side ' have a light bluish grey, drab, or white color, and have been called "blue- limest SfJreT ", f- '''"""^' °'" '^''''•"«- "^"^ '° '•'^ alternation of bands o si different color, is commonly found, but the banded structure Is also d.e to the sence of beds of slaty quartzlte or chert which vary from a fraction of an to several feet in thicknes.. Fig. X If Is diffleuH. at times, to distinguish these from the quartzlte and slate of the Hastings series. The limestones, as will be seen from the following table, are characterized by 1 Ume and low magnesia content. Good examj' s occur to the east of the north en Belmont lake, especially along the road to the Cordova gold mlr Jortheast part of ■i lot 26. In the idary of the map, sreen hornblende tpar, epidote and post, the schist >pter, filled with b iron formation n. together with mestones, which ^**- •* , 1913 The Prc-Ca -Vlan Qeolugy of Southeastern Ontario The dirk irtone. St side of the St side. They ue" limestones Ids of slightly r.e to the pre- m of an Inch ish these beds erlzed by high ! north end of 21 TaMc Showlii* ComiHMltlon ol Blue and Whit* Cry .italllnc Llm««ton«< nn Laitt Side of Ik-lmont Lakr and iHi litlandK In Lake u. CaO. M«(). Al.. 1)., 1 51.21 1.02 3.04 •> 60.27 2. (Ml 0.44 ^ 43.84 1.81 t..S8 4 7.60 1.08 2.!i8 5 21.30 2.2.5 2.04 H 34.30 1.16 2.40 IiimjIuIjIi' 4.83 4.84 1 6.. 38 70. Ml ■'>4.«6 on Itfiiitiiiii. (iriipliile. Tutiil. 40.08 1 IIMI.18 41.77 100.22 .33.!i4 mi. 3.5 7.08 4.12 !t!l.70 1H.43 (Ul.70 28.42 <)-callcil "coinon". near Cnw River imliil, Bclmunt lake. I'Iff. 6. -Qjiriiose. mivncsian, crystalline limestone of the Qrenvllle nerle*. and t einlets are uuartz. BiK isiand, Belmnnt lake. The white parts 1913 Th« Prc-Cambrlan (Irakury of Southcanttrn OnUrlo 2» icbUt ii about two hundrpd fwt wJdr. nieasur<>d acnHw the whlstotlty, while In Roddy wy, near the mouth of the North river, the >chl»t U very murh thinner. Thwe appear* o be a uralual tranatlton. In aiirendlnK order, between the Rreenmonn schlit, quarti- nica lehlvt and llme«ton)<. (3) Iron formation Ihan'lnl < hrrt or itrttHutnr iiHiirlt\.- Tlie Iron formation haii be«n OH»lleu on arrount of Um rewiiii lance to rerUIn rherty rocks of the Iron rangeii in the rermlUon district of the Lake Superior reclon and elspwhere. In the Belmont lake rea three belts have been found, vli.: (a) One hundred feet east of the bridge over »eer river at the north end of lielmont lake, a belt about twenty feet wide and two undred feet long Is exposed. It Is made up of dark red, coarse chert, or granular quarts, iterbanded with calclte. Tlic clicrty bands are from an Inch to i«q feet thick, h ind sometimes showing alternate lines of darker and lighter chert. Tliln sectlunN show *■"'»• 7-— Iron formstlon (iMpilytc), artavllle scrlc*. Aiiout one-half mile wcat of Deer bay, Belmont lake. be material to be made up of Interlocking grains of quartz which foim the base. Mag- tetlte and hematite grains occur disseminated among the quartz grains, without showing Py tendency to surround Individual grains. The octahedra of magnetite can occasion- l^y be detected with the naked eye, but they are for the most part In minute grains, ^e hematite can be recognized with high powers of the microscope In blood-red grains, ht It occurs also In thin .jers which He roughly parallel to the strike and dip of the l»cks In general In this area. It Is the hematite In dust-Uke condition that gives the »ert its reddish, jasper-Ilke color while lematlte and magnetite together produce a krk purple effect. Two analyses tc. metallic Iron gave 11.8 and 15 per cent, respectively le former probably being nearer an average, (b) About half a mile f d, alnca this and of the tonnattoB diaappaara undar tha awamp to tha north, (c) Ob lot 36 iB the alxth conccaaiOB of Balmont, north of RovBd laka, a third patch or roBBant of iroB fomatlon waa diacovr V It llaa Juat to tha aorth of tha .'lorad part of the map, and haa a width of 3M feat, but can be traead a dlatanea along iia atrlka of OBly 1(0 feat. It reata in the groen ichiat. It may ba added that a littla of the iroB formatioB la to be aeea la tha Keewatia at other plaeea, eg., aear the boat laadlng on King bay. (4) Ruttv quartM-mica »cM»t.—A band of maty quartx-mica achlat runa northerly from the northeaat comer of Roucd lake. It reaU in Keewatin green achiat Into which it gradually paaaea. Expoaurea of the rock occur at the power houiM> on the North river. A thin lectlon of the rock from thia place ahowa it to be compoked largely of graina of qaartx, in the interaticea of which lie minute platea of biotite; calcite ia preaeat ia amall qnantitiea. The maty color ia due to Iron oxtCKy of Southeastern Ontario 31 Llmcctniic Limestone does not appear to have formed an ImporUnt part of the Hastings sedl- menU at Belmont lake but thrpe places where It occurs may be mentioned; (1) At sev- eral polnU on the east shore of the lake, north of Crow river, the slates are Interbedded with limestone bands about an Inch In thickness; (2) The map shows, at the northeast corner of the lake, near Deer bay, a bed of blue limestone lying In the Hastings grey- wackfi. The relatl"-! of this limestone bed to adjacent rocks Is not clear. It may be Interbedded with the greywacke, which seems the most obvious explanation; or, It may be a long ridge of the GrenvUle basement on which the Hastings greywackfi was depo- sUted; or. It may be a slice of the Grenvllle limestone faulted against the greywacke ; (3) A band of yellowish brown limestone 15 Inches wide appears to be interstratlfled with the conglomerate and calcareous schist at the north end of Big Island, though this may not be the true relationship. An analysis showed this band to have the following percentage composition: insoluble, 9.54; AUG. and Fe,0„ 2.78; CaO, 27.75; MgO, 18.63; loss on Ignition, 41.48. Certain narrow bands of limestone In the Hastings fragmental sediments, lying parallel with the strike or schlstoslty. are clearly of secondary origin. FiK. 13.— AmyBd«lold«l hualt, post-Hutincs aee. Belmont toke. POST-HASTINOS INTRUSIVES The series consists of gabbro-dlabase, basalt with associated ash beds, and basic and acidic dikes. On the map the rock that Is more of the plutonlc type Is shown In a deeper color than that which possesses volcanic characteristics. The coarse-grained rock at the Cordova gold mine, at the northeast corner of the map, has sometimes the texture of a diabase and sometimes that of a gabbro, one fades passing gradually Into the other. It has been, therefore, called the Belmont gabbro- dlabase, the word " Belmont " referring to the lake or township of the same name. The feldspar, which is labradorlte. Is partly decomposed to saussurlte and other secondiry materials. The other chief constituent Is pyroxene, and It Is frequently altered to chlorite i and green hornblende. Pyrite, apatite and titaniferous magnetite or ilmenite are present in the usual subordinate quantities. 11 32 Bureau of Mines No. 4 The Belmont basalt is a dense green rock, frequently amygdaloldal, Fig. 13, and more : rarely scorlaceous or ropy, Fig. 17, showing Its volcanic or surface origin. It is almost i always flne-grained, but, «t times, as for example, in the hills east of Wilson bay and Saw- i mill bay, on the east side of Belmont lake, It becomes coarsely porphyrltlc, containing i phenocrysts of feldspar an Inch or more in length, having both tabular and lath-like out- 1 lines. Generally it is too flne-grained to distinguish any of the minerals with the naked \ eye. Under the microscope specimens seem to consist essentially of plagioclase feldspar, \ hornblende and magnetite. A mineral with a green color appears to be mica, and is subordinate in quantity. The feldspar is more or less decomposed, but some of it Is; comparatively fresh. The amygdules average perhaps less than a quarter of an inch, J Fiir. 14.— Bombo In ash beds. Belmont lake. but some are microscopic while others are an inch in diameter. The minerals filling thei amygdules are quartz, epldote, chlorite, calclte, magnetite and rarely blotlte. Quartz and] epidot ^re most common. Associated with the basalt there are restricted areas of volcanic tuff or breccia, the; fragments of which are angular or sub-angular and are made up of fine-grained basicj lavas or more acid flne-grained rocks. Some of these fragments, a foot or more in' diameter, shown in Fig. 14, are bombs; they are round or oval in outline, possessing aj pistachio-green color, and are made up largely of epidote, together with small quantities; of blotlte, calclte and magnetite. Along the east shore of Belmont lake, a short distance north of Sawmill bay, thei best exposure of the fragmer:tal fades of the lava, observed in the ar->a, is to be seen.' It consists of consolidated ash beds or tuff, containing bombs a foot or more in diameter,! Fig. 14. I,arge traulders of the tuff lie near the shore and similar material in place is t<^ t'C ileen in a wooded hill near at hand. 1913 The Pre-C«mbrtan acdogy of South—rtern OnUrto 33 I Generally speaking the basalt and gabbro are dlstlncUy mawlve, but attention may be called to the fact that they hare been rendered schlrtose In placea. The gabbro^labMW at the Cordova mine has In a few cases a gnelssoid structure. The contact between the gabbro^llabase and the basalt Is of Interest. One rock passes gradually Into the other In a distance of two or three hundred feet, but the transitional fades and also the normal gabbro-dlabase and basalt have been much brecclated. and the cracks have been filled with apUte and mlcropegmatlte. It would seem that this acidic material represents the last phase of the cooling gabbroKlIf baae- basalt mass. The apllte, which Is really at times a medlun-gralned granite, is ofter dark In color, due to the presence of hornblende. Several of these acid dikes are shown on the map. A well exposed contact showing the relation between the gabbro-dlabase ani\ the basalt occurs on lot 17 In the second and third concessions of Belmont township. The gabbro-dlabase solidified at some distance b«>low the surface of Uie earth and I is merely a deep-seated part of the basalt. The following table shows the composition of a sample of the ba-alt, or "trap" I rock as It Is commercially known. gio • «7.14 !l6' 14-08 f£ 10.84 ^::::::::::::.: 12-02 MgO 2.65 CaO 0-67 Na,0 1-80 K,0 1-07 H.0 - 1-50 100.57 Three silica determinations were also made of other parts of the basalt, giving 42.00. j 43.76 and 46.54 per cent, thus showing the basic nature of the rock. The map shows several diabase or other basic dikes, which cut the conglomerate, (rystalHne limestone and Keewatin green-schist. One of these on the west side of Big island Is dark green, medium In gr-'a, and contains glistening flakes of mica. Under tl:e microscope it is seen to be laau.- up essentially of blotite. and calclte, together with niuscovUe, quartz and some feldspar; many of the minerals appear to be secondary. Other j dikes are fresher than tl is. One on the west shore of Belmont lake is fine-grained and 1 dirk green In color and shows a diabaslc texture. Under the microscope it is seen to con- .sist largely of green pleochroic hornblende, r.agioclase occurs In rods and stout prisms i and has crystallized out before the ferro-magneslan mineral. There is also present epidote, liown mica, serpentine, au-i llmenlte partly altered to leucoxene. Another bpec'-^en has about the same composition 'jut does not show the ophitlc texture. The gabbro-dlabase series is important from the economic point of view, as in It at Cordova are the auriferous veins of the Cordova mine. Moreover, at two or three places, where the gabbro-dlabase has Intruded the crystalline limestones and associated rocks. there occur bodies of magnetite, such as those at the Blairton mine on the shore of Crow lake, to the east of the borders of the map of the Belmont lake area, and at thr Belmont iron mine, Immediately sputn of Cordova. The t ner-grained variety of the rock makes good road material PALEOZOIC SYSTEM The Paleozoic system is represented by horizontal beds of Ordovlclan, Black River, 1 limestone, with usually, at tBe base, calcareous sandstone often of a red color due to the presence of Iron oxides. At other Umes the pure limestone resto directly on the pre- I Cambrian rocks and holds a few angular fragmenta of them. 7?=f 34 Bur^'u of Mines No. 4 Analyda of Palcmolc LlnwstoiM A sample of Ilmeatone from a small quai '^ Just east of Havelock wan found to have the following chemical compoaltion, showing h to be, like most Black River :!iaestones, low In magnesia:* Lime 51.22 Magnesia 0.70 Alumina 2.37 Ferric oxide 0.61 Sulphur trloxlde 0.24 Cart jn dioxide 40 75 Loss 2 ,'?9 Silica 1.1,8 Total 100.14 Kl*. IS.— arecnstonc of Ke^-v«in series In which the amyKdules are (till preserved. Lo* iS, koncession (t, Belmont township. Relationships Rrintion of an'nvillr ,rrus io the K meat in.— The Keewatln green schists, originally essentially volcanic rc^s, are considered to form the basement. On the ropy, tufaceous and uneven surface of the Keewatin were deposited sediments now represented by cal- careous quartz-mica schist, iron formation, dolomitic limestone, and finally by pure lime- Rtono. No erosion unconformity preceding that immediately bt-low tlic Hastings series has been observed. The deposition of the older sediments, including the iron formation and dolomitic limestone, probably closely followed the submarine lava flows of the Keewatln. The purer or non-dolomitic limestone is the youngest of the pre-Hastings •Ont. Bur. Mines. Vol. XIII, Part 2, p. »8. 1013 The Pre-Cambrlan Qeolocy of Southeastern Ontario 35 sedimenU, and was deposited tnward* the close of a prolonged period of submergence which began with the Keewatln lava flows and ended with the deposition of the lin^estone. Certain schists of Indeflnlte character He between the magncslan limestor.e and the Keewatln. They are considered to represent a co-mlngUng of sediments and volcanic rocks, the former having been deposited on the uneven, ropy and vesicular surface of the latter, intense dynamic metamorDhlsm has produced schists difficult to describe but which are now represented by calcareous quartx-mlca schists or slates, and probably we:e originally, In part, quarUltes or greywack^s. These schists may be seen In (Contact bay ti the southwest end of Belmont lake, and at Roddy bay, near the mouth of the North river. We have not been able to find any evidence which would tend to show that the Keewatln ri • nstones are In Intrusive ontact with the Orenvllle sediments; hence. It Is Inferred that the greenstones formed the basement on whic'. were deposited the Orenvllle sediments. Htlation of Hattlnga series to Krcwatin and Grenville. — The Hastings conglom- erate, quartzlte and slate were deposited unconformably upon t'le surface of the Keew.itln and f^renvlUe series. The evidence for this statement Is fvofold: (1) The Hastings serleb is lees altered or metamorphosed than the Keewatln and Orenvllle, (2) The con- glomerate holds pebbles of some, but not all, of the older roc! < exposed In this area. The Filf. 16 - PeMile of crystalline llmciitone of Urenvillc xerlca In Hastinirs conKlomcrate. Belmnnt lake. water-worn pebbles of crystalline limestone. Figs. 1 1 nnd 16, which occur In the conglom- erate, are sim' ar to the underlying llnii'stone, proving the unconformity between the two series. But perhaps the most convincing evidence consists In the occurrence of pebbles and bouldi rs of what we have called "eozc ^ii," Figs 4 and >'), which cannot be mistaken for anything else. These '• eozoon " forms, which have been described In this report, occur In the Orenvllle limestone, and their presence as pebbles and boulders in the conglomerate is proof of the erosion Interval between the conglomerate and crystalline limestone. The pebbles of red chert and jasper are similar to the Iron formation which occurs at the northwest comer of Belmont lake, and it Is probable that they have been derived by erosion from that formation. The conglomerates at Belmont lake now rest. In so far as can be seen, wholly on crystalline limestone, but In the Actlnollte-Cloyne area, described in later parts of this report, they have been found in ^tual contact with most of the pre-Hastings rocks. At Belmont lake the basal member of the Hastings Is sometimes conglomerate and at other tlnius slate. Thus on the west part of Big island, at the most western point near the shore, the conglomerate may be seen resting directly on the Orenvllle crystalline lime- stone. The two series pass Into each other In a few feet, the conglomerate holding occasional limestone pebbles derived from the underlying limestone, "bout 300 yards fl' 36 Bureau of Mines Nc. 4 Routheaat of here, and to the Houth of a knoi; of crynta'U'^o lln.i8;cnp. s .-. > '.vjviral feet thick li lucoeeded by conglomerate, but It Is not known whether or not thia ilate rest* directly on the limestone without basal conglomerate, since the contact Is not exposed. It Is probable, howctfr, that on this Island conglomerate was first deposited and was followed by slate and then by a second bed of conglomerate. The east side of Birch island Is composed of quartsose, crystalline limestone, on the wpstern flank of which rests Hastings conglomerate, the contact between the two being drift-covered. Slate of the Hastings series may be seen resting directly on the Orenvllle limestone at several points, Including the following, (1) West Twin Island, No. 27, is made up largely of crystalline limestone, with the exception of a narrow strip of slate on the west side, Fig. 8. The latter is In vertical position and rests against the limestone, holding a few pebbles of this rock. (2) On the east shore of Belmont lake, opposite the south Hg. 17 — Scorlaceous nr ropy fades of post HastiiiKS taislt. Belmont lakr. end of Green Island, the limestone and slate may be seen In sharp contact at the water's f dge, there being no conglomerate present. (3) South of this place a few hundred yards tine-grained, bedded greywack^ and slate rest on each fidnk of a long rib of magneslan limestone. At one point there Is present a doubtful conglomerate, holding fragments of limestone. (4 ) The second patch of limestone on the shore, north of Conglomerate point, is shown on the map. Against this limestone rests fine-grained slate or schist of tho Hastings series. In the Belmont lake area the presence of water-worn fragments of igneous rocks, like quartz-porphyry, shows that somewhere part of the basement on which the Hastings rests must have been composed of these types, but if such ba&ement does exist It is covered by later formations, or completely eroded.* This facies of the basement has, however, t>een found farther to the northeast in the Actlnolite-Cloyne areo. • A similar phenomenon lias been observed in connection with the pre-Camhrian roolp Mnc the largett of the Mven that accompany the report. It HtretchPi In a northeaaterly direction acroaii three countlei, namely, Haatlngi, Adding- ton and Frontenac, and lies Immediately to the east of the Madoc area. The outline or the map was determined lolely by the remarkable form of the belts of Hastings con- glomerate which occupy the central parts of the area. One of these belts Is about twenty-two icltes long and a mile <*rlde at the widest part. The conglomerate has been rt'ferred to by the early workers. Including Logan, Murray and Vennor, but no attempt has hitherto been made to connect up the Isolated outcrops, a few of which were briefly alluded to hy these wrIterB. The stratlgraphlc significance of the conglomerate "-as not appreciated. References to the literature are given on preceding pages. The Keewatin series consists of green schists which, at the northeast part of the map, pass Into typical pillow lavas. Fig. 20, thus provltiK the Igneous origin of these Hchlsts. The order of deposition of the Orenvllle scdhtients, which rest on and are younger t'-^s^ .V FIc 19.— Channel of Skootanmtta river throuah cryctsllinc llmectonc at Actlnollte. lake. The basal members of these sediments consist of quartzlte and greywackfi, together with at times rusty schists and Jaspllyte; these rocks are succeeded by lime- stones. The Keewatin and GrenvlUe series were Intruded by Laurentlan granite and syenite, and, aftr • a prolonged period of erosion, the Hastings conglomerate was laid down on the three older serl of rocks, namely, Keewatin, GrenvlUe and Laurentlan. It win be noted that our map shows that much of the area consists of Laurentlan granites and gnelsees, but It Is possible that some of the rocks mapped as Laurentlan may be Intrusive Into the Hastings conglomerate. When a granite has not been found In contact with the Hastings conglomerate It Is difficult to determine Its stratlgraphlc position. Intruding the Keewatin, GrenvlUe, Laurentlan and Hastings are granite, pegmatite, basalt, diabase, and other rocks. The description of the area brings out several facts that, heretofore, have not been rtcognlied, viz.: the presence of Keewatin rocks, the order of deposition of the Gren- vlUe sedlmenU and their relation to the Keewatin, the presence of an older granlte- Knelss (Laurentlan) and a younger acidic group (Moira granite), and finally the age relations of the conglomerates and other sedimentary rocks of the Hastings series. The Paleozoic la represented In the area by Black River li.- tb basal sand- stone. I, 11 • The village of Actlnollte was formerly known as Brldgewater. 40 Bwrwui Qf MinM No. 4 ROCKS OP THU AKUA Th* nxrkt of tk* Actlnoltta^lojrna arM «ro clauinvd bjr lb* •ulbort ai followi; Boulder clax, land and gravel. OLACIAL AND RUCBNT PalMNUliC OttirnVKIAN Ulack RIvr llmestoni<, witb baial landiton* ani conglomcrata. lOrnit ttnvoHformilii.) Pr«*Caiiibrlaii PiMT NA»Tl^O mTRUMVB* Ulabaap, grey relilte, oira granite, roarw granit*. pegmatltt. (/M/r««ivc f'riii/(ir(. ) NA»TiNaii(Teiwi»KAimMir>SGmfiii ('nnglomerate and quartilt«. in part altered t* mlri>-irblRt and gnt'Uii. i (Vnronformily.) LAUHf'NTIAN FeUlte, partly altt-red to ■ertclte-achUt or gneiaa, gnilmiold granite and ayenlte, (tuarti-iiorpbyry, feldapar-porphyry. (Intrutive ronlavt.) QKENVILLE SEHIE* KEEWATIIS COMPLEX Nonmagneslan and magneilan cryatal'.lne lime- Dtunea. Iron formation (banded cbert, jasper, or granular | quarts). ! Rusty Rcbtat. Orry ftneUi, quartzmlca icbUt, greywarkd, quart< lite. Hoinblende-schlit. ellipsoidal basalt, uiid other rocks. The rocks will l>e described, beginning with the oldest series. I HE KEEWATIN COMPLEX The Keewatin series In the Actlnollte-Cloyne area, like that at Belmont lake, rnij.; slsts nf hornblende and chlorite scblstfi having a green color; but other rocks occur,: Including elllpHoldal and ainygdaloldal basalt, greyUh-green, hornblende gneiss of Inter- mediate composition, and serpentine rock. The greenstones have for the most part recrystalllzt d. although to the northwest of Actlnollte they are occasionally massive: and retain what appear to be original feldspar crystals. The hornblende and chlorlt* Bchists pass by Insensible gradation Into pillow lavas, thus proving their Igneous] origin; while these lavas still retain their pillow structure, they, on the other hand,: appear to have entirely recryutalllzed. The rocks are generally Impregnated wlthj calclte or dolomite, and along certain zones are garnetlferous. North of the village of Cloyne, along the Addlngton road, and on the shores of Looii lake, which Is about three miles northwest of the village and beyond the confines of thai map, fine and coarse-grained hornblende schist and gneiss are exposed. On the nortb»i east shore of Loon lake these rocks are Intersected by numerous narrow dikes at felslte. Between Cloyne and the south end of Mazlnaw lake, which lies two and nv.e^ half mlleis north of Cloyne. the greenstones gradually become grey In color and pa« r:3 IfIS TiM Pr»-C«iiil>ffaiii Qtntagy ol lomliMrtwrii Ontario 41 Into gray aiivlMwa, having • walVtwiiiitd ■ir«.?tiir* In place*. The haadtng ■Mini to t» 4m to ortglaal hatfdlng; thus '.h«M rockk arc mora property elaaaod with tht Urmvllle •rrlfi, and probably rfprv^nt ardinients whirb w»r« drpoaltvd on the aurf)- • uf Ih* pillow lavaa. At Harlow*, which lie* loalheatt of Cloyae aU mile*, the grecnatone aorlea la repre- nontcd by a diorlte-lihe gnclaa, or I ornbtrnde gnel*a, In which ar* ■ometlmea developed aonea of garnet*. North w**t, noi'b and nnrthaaat of Harlowe, the roeka >'ary from bade to Intermediate In eompoaltton, and from grey to gr''«>n In color, There I* also ■ inbordlnate amount of Intrualve, medium-grained granite or felalte. It may be that come of theae grey gnelase* are altered Orenvllle acdiment*; or, on the other band, very highly metamorpboaed grecnatone* or mc'.i lavaa. The metamorithlam could t>* iliif> to the great Intrualon of granite gnela* at Oull lake. About a mile and a half aouth of Cloyne, near what la locally known aa Blahop Com*ra, then I* a amall achooihouae. Immediately aoutheaat and north of which are low hill*, well rxpoaed. of ellltMWidal baaalt. or pillow lava, often containing conaider- able quantttlpi of calrlum or magnt<*ium carbonatea. Amygdule* occur around the border of the elll|MMld*, a* U commonly the ra*e In almllar rock* elaewhere. The pillow etruc- tiire. Pig. 20, I* almllar to that In the Kecwatin baaalt* at Coabtt or Porcupine, and may be aern, with more or le*a diatlnctneaa, over an area of aome two Miuare mllaa; but, aa the more metamorpboaed parte are approached, the atructure gradually dia- iprear*. 8onic tlireo liunilred yard* aouth of Blali' t Cornera the baaalta are aiiiygdaloldal, though the elllpaoldal atructure la not aeen. The amygdule* are filled with quart*, caldte and chlorite. At Fllnton areaa of green aoblit* occur, reeling In and Invaded by Laurentlan granltp and syenite. Twelvt- mile* louthweat of Pllnton. In the vicinity of Actlnollta (Bridge water), the greenatoni' I* a ralnrcouN, flne-to-roarae-grained hornblende Hrhtit, rarely ahowing ellipsoidal atructure. Traces of the olllpaold* were, however, observed about two and a half mile* west of the village, at a iralnt aeventy-flve yarda northweat of the bridge crossing Black creek. Thin aectlons of the hornblende schist, that occurs one mile northeast of Actlnollte, show the rock to consist domtnantly of irrxrn hornblende, together with clear grains of quarts and feldspar. A little magnetite and calclte occur. The hornblende aometlmes has a polkllitlc texture due to the preHence of quarts or feldspar Inclusions. Northeast of Actlnollte two or three miles, the greenstones are sometimrs altered to actlnollte and serpentine, which have In part yeai'a beer {round and used for roofing material. It may be that parts of the areas mapped as Kerwatin Include Intruslona of basic iRiiPous rocks which are later In age than the Orenvllle series next to be described. THE QRENVILLE SERIEt'. The Orenvllle series In this area Is divided Into four groups, ■ >ich are presumably >>' Rxdlmentary origin, vis.: (1) Magnestan and no'x magn^ slan crystalline limeatonea, (2) "Iron formation" (banded chert, Jasper or granular quartz), (3) Rusty schist, (4) Grey gneiss, quarts-mica schist, grcywack^, and quartzlte. On the Actlnollte- Clovne map. grouFs (1), (2) and (4) are shown by distinctive colors, while on the liirR^ Rcale map showing the Iron pyrites deposits near Queensboro. the rusty schist. I roup (3). 1h a'so separated from the o; t rocks by a color.* These rocks, which >'l ,1 46 Bureau of Mines No. 4 *« l^aurentlan, because pebbles similar to it have been found in the overlying Hastings conglomerate and because it does not Invade the latter sediment. The gneiss is exposed for many miles, commencing at the northeast end of the map and continuing south- westerly, just to the south of the village of Actinollie, thence southerly towards the town of Tweed, where It is covered by horizontally lying limestones of Paleozoic, Ordoviclan. age. In the area southeast of Actlnollte the riicIss has a pink or plnklsh-grey color, becoming dark and basic in certain areas, especially near its contact with the Grcnvllle series. The nortliwest part of the map is also extenslvly occupied by the gnelssotrt granite. Criirisnir .S//I Hifi.— About a mile and a half southwest and south of the village of Flinton there occurs an area of gneissoid syenite occupying several square miles. The syenite is clearly penetrated by dikes from the Fundamental gneissic granite on lot 20, concession 1, Kaladar township, immediately east of the cheese factory, Fig. 22. It is thus evident that the l>aurentlan series consists of rocks of at least two ages: (1) a younger gneissic granite, and (2) an older gneissic syenite. A similar syenite mitcropB about three miles west of Bishop Corners on the prominent hill westerly from the bridge (locally known as O'Dopnell's bridge) over the Skootamatta river. Thi -elation- .sliip of this syenite to the granite Is not so clear as that at Flinton, five miles to the southwest. The gneissic granite south of Harlowe sends dikes of felsite and fine- or medium- grained .^rranlte and quartz-porphyry into the Keewatin green schists. It is therefore certain that thise felsite dikes are of the same age as the gneiss, because they may be directly traced into it. In other parts of the Keewatin, however, there occur felsite and quartz-porphyry dikes, which, although they cannot be directly connected with the l.aurr ntiaii gni iss. may be of the 'janie age, since they are more or less schistose. Lxaniples of these dikes are found, (1) about a mile northeast of Actlnollte, (2) "n the Addingtun load near the northeast corner of Kaladar township, and at other i)lai.j. Pink Filnitf 11)1(1 sriii ilr Si hist or Uniiss. — A fine- to medium-Krainod, pink t'olsl'e schist, or felsite, is found southwest of Actlnollte. It is evident that this rock is Lauren- tlan in age, because pebbles of it occur In the Hastings conglomerate. West of Hawkins biiv it is about one and a quarter miles in width, measured across the strike. As the TV k is traced to the northeast towards Actlnollte the band becomes gradually narrower, until at the Quei nsboro road it is about 2.50 feet wide; It rapidly pinches out seven iindred yards farther east. At times the rock is more or less massive, but often it is altered to a serlclte schist, showing glistening flakes of serlclte. Unfl< r the micro- scope several thin sections, Nos. 371 to 375 inclusive, show the rock to ci.nsist of quartz, feldspar, serlclte and small amounts of calcite. An old stone mill, originally a grist-mill, sionds near the bridge crossing the Moira river at the point where it leaves Moira lake. ?.everal hundred yards northeast of the mill the felsite schist has been crushed, forming an autoclastic conglomerate. .\ composite sample of the felsite schist, consisting of thirteen chips taken at various points for two miles along the strike, gave the following results on analysis: — Per cent. SiO 71.24 y^\ 4.80 A1,0 15.38 CaO .• 0.49 MgO 0.44 Na,0 2.68 K,0 4.10 H,0 1.06 Total 100.19 The silica content of three other samples of the schist was found to be 72.4, 68.34 and 72.37 per cent., respectively. IQI3 The Pre-Cambrian Qeolojcy of Southeastern Ontario 47 ti I f! I ': 4S Bureau of Mines No. 4 ••• Oranitr.-WtBt of ODonnells brtdKc ref rred to above, la exposed for three-quarters of a ml!e a medium-gralned. pink granite. The rock holds large maBses many feet In diameter of the syenite, and these Inclusions are Intersected In an Intricate manner by dikes from the granite. This meaium-gralutd granite has not been found In con- tact with the Hastings conglomerate, hence Its relative a^c. whether I Hastings or post-Hastings. Is not known. A few hundred yards west of the vlllu„e of Fllnton medlum-gratned granite dikes Invade the Laurentlan sju'-lgs, and they also i)enptrate the syenite to the southwest of Fllnton. Similar dikes are also seen at the sohoolhouse at Actlnollte Invading the Fundamental gneiss. The age of these dike rocks Is not definitely known. It Is probable that the areas mapped as Laurentlan may contain masses of granite, or granite gneiss, which are younger than the Hastings conglomerate. THE HASTINOS SERIES The map of the Actlnollte-Cloyne area shows the distribution of the Hastings sedi- ments, which consist of conglomerate. Fig. 23. quartzlte. mlca-schlst. slate and gneiss, but In which UiiHstones are not known to occur. About a dozen belts or exi osurea, extending In a northeasterly and southwesterly direction, have been mapped. The largest of these Is about twenty-two miles long, with a maximum width, measured across the strike, of about a mile; other lenses are smaller, being patches a few hundred feet In length. It Is probable that all of these outcrops, since they are alike In llthologlcal character and In the extent of their metamorphlsm. form part of what was once a continuous series, the thickness of which there Is no means of approximating. The sediments, like almost all the pre-Cambrlan rocks In southeastern Ontario, have been subjected to pressure exerted In a northwesterly-southeasterly direction, causing the matrix to become schistose, and the pebbles to be drawn out so that at times the longer diameters are several times the shorter. The contact of the conglomerates and other HastlPKs :ipdi'iients with adjacent rocks Is more or less vertical, coinciding with the dip of the schists. The conglomerate has a grey or pink color, due to the fact that the major part of the rock Is made up of pebbles of coarse chert and quarUlte, derived from the " Iron , formation " and quartzlte of the GrenvlUe series. While these constitute the main mass of the rock, the following pebbb s also occur: granite, granite gneiss, quartz and feldspar-; porphyry, green schist, felslte, white quartz, black chert (jeweller's touchstone), red- Jasper and crystalline limestone. Although the number of pebbles of granite and other- Igneous rorks Is subordinate compared with the quartzlte and chert, they are. never-j theless. of profound significance, denoting, as they do. the existence of a great uncon-; formlty between the granites, greenstones, and other rocks, and the conglomerates. The: charaitpr of this unconformity Is dealt with on following pages, undur tlie tiradlng; "Relationships." Much of the conglomerate and other sediments are now represented by sericlte or: blotlte schist, and gneiss, in which few pebbles can be detected. Quartzlte Is a coramoni rock in tlu' Hastinss series. Tlie members of the scries pass gradually one into another.; Original bedding in the sediments Is seldom seen. Thus. It Is not possible to estimate the thioknsss of tliis fragment:U series. Many (xposures occur at various plares which; will be mentioned In the discussion of the relationships of the series to other rocks. POST-HASTINGS INTRUSIVES These intrusive!? consist ^f diabase, grey felslte. Molra granite and coarse granite- pegmatite. A diabase dike is shown on the map two and a quarter miles west of Actlnollte, and about 300 yards south of the main road. It Is from 50 to 200 feet wide, of medium grain, dark in color, and sometimes weathers rusty. Under the microscope It Is seen to consist of hornblende, plagioclase and iron oxides. The feldspar, which is fresh, occurs In Irregular rods set in the hornblende, producing the ophltlc texture. 1913 The Pre-C«mbrlan Qeology of Southeastern Ontario 49 ?3- i. t 80 Bureau of MinM No. 4 Dlkei of altered diabaae also occur at the pjrrite minea aouthweat of the village o( Queenaboro, on the property of the Canadian Sulphur Ore Company. An Intrusion of a maaalve, flne-gralned, grey felalte occur* at the property men- tioned In the preceding paragraph. Thin lectlona examined under the mlcroicope show the rock to consist of tiny pbenocrysts of feldspar set in a flne-gralned matrix of quarts or feldspar. In places the rock Is brecclated, and In others schistose. The Moira granite, named after Molra lake, Is well exposed on the south and east end of the lake. The rock also occurs In the Madoc area. It Is a massive, pink rock, and where It has been subjected to pressure shows slickensldes. It Is sometimes schistose or gnelssold, and contains in places Iron oxides. Under the microscope it is seen to consist of quartz and feldspar, much of the latter showing alblte twinning lamella, Some scattered grains of calclte or dolomite are present. Dikes, or other Intrusions, of coarse granite-pegmatite are of common occurrence. i ReiatkMshlps Relation of Kcewatin to OrenviUe.—Tbe OrenvlUe series of this area has alreadj been shown to consist of four members: (1) Crystalline limestone; (2) "iron forma tlon"; (3) rusty schist; (4) grey gneiss, schist, quartsite and greywackfi. This verj ancient series of sediments Is so disturbed and metamorphosed that original sedimentar) textures have been largely obliterated. The grey gneisses or schists, as mapped, maj Include igneous rocks in the form of dikes, sills, or Interbedded lava flows, but owlnf to the general metamorphlsm none have been recognized; nor has the presence of tuffi been proved. The question regarding the basement upon which the Qrenville sediments were lak down may now be dealt with. The structural relationship between the Grenville and Keewatln is shown by cross section A B F, lying about a mile and a quarter west of Actlnollte. The greenstoni schists form a nucleus, or core, on each flank of which occur quartzlte, greywacki' gneiss, schists and crystalline limestone oC the Orenville series. At the northwest eni of the section, near Queensboro, the succession In descending order Is as follows: (1! crystalline limestone with minor beds of greywack>in,lin. Unnrlllr ,i»(l /..lunntian ».ri.-4.- In the Aetlnollte-Cloyne area, the llaHtlnKH fraKmintal Herlen, .onMUtlnK of eonRlomerate, quartilte and other nxkn. haw Ix-.n found to r. ,.1 unionformably on ea.h of tlie following vlx- (1) ureenHtoneB and green sehUtB of the Keewatin wrleH; (2> rryntalUne lime Btnne grey gneUg and Iron formation of the Crenvllle serlen; (3) gneUKold uranlte ol the Laurentlan Herleg. The eonghmu rate, whieh lioldn pebbleH of all of theHe rotkn re»tH on the older Herl. h In the form of long, clonely Infolded b..lt» or lennen. the eonUcti being about vertleal. It will b.- eonvenlent to dencrlbe thene conglomerate lenHes am th. !r contaetH with adjacent lockH by In-glnnlng flr»t at the Houthwest corner of the ma| and tlien following the rooks for 30 mllen to the northeast. The first b«'lt iH met with on lots 2 and :! In the eighth, ninth, tenth and cleventl concessions of Madoe township, through which the main road b«>tween Madoc and Actlno lite runs.* The belt Is two and a quarter miles long and about one-(iuarter of a mlli wide at Its widest point. At tli. west end It disappears under a covering of heavy drlfl while at the east end It thins out to a point. On the souUi part of lot 3 In the nlntl concession, along tlie banks of a creek wlilch has exposed the rocks to v(,.w. the schlstos conglomerate may be seen In contact with ii small area of dolomltlc limestone of th Grenvllle s. rl. s. The conglomerate holds, besides other fragments, elongated pebble of the limestone, proving the unconformity between the two rocks. One of the llmeston pebbl. s has two velnlets of (luartz cutting it. but the (luartz does not cut the conglon erate; the velnlets were, therefore, probably formed In the limestone before the latte was eroded. There may b«' a fault at the contact of the two rocks. About half a mil east of here, at the cross-road between the ninth and tenth concessions, lots 2 and 3. good exposure of the conglomerate Is to he seen. Fig. 24. Besldef, pebbles of Umeaton several other varieties may be recognized, including duartz-porphyry. flne-gralned pin felsite. granite, rid chert or jasper, coarse granular (|uartz, and mica schist or gnels A few liundred yards to the nortlieast of this cross-road, near tlie southwest corner < lot 3 In the tenth concession, the schistose greenstone and conglomerate may he seen cont"- 1 for a few feet, but tlie metamorphosed character of the junction does not tliro light on the relationships. Southeast of the cross-road about three-ouarters of a mile, on the road to the villa) of Tweed, two lens( s of conglomerate occur, one on -ach side of tlie road. That on tl cost side Is made up largely of chert fragments, some of them jasper-like in appearanr About one mile farther south tlie road crosses the Molra river, parallel to which ai at a distance of 100 yards, there Is a narrow 1. ns of much disturbed conglomerate abo one mile long. The pebbles are main'y a pink or grey quartzite and chert and the lei rests in a schist or gneiss of the Grenvllle series. Mucli of this conglomerate, howev. has altered to a mica-schist In which the occurrence of pebbles is rare, making the 11 of contact between the two rocks, i.e., Grenvllle schist and Hastings conglomerate, nw or less Indistinct. The map shows two small conglomerate lenses, about two liundr • Miin ve>iv :ii{i> II U VrniMr .l.-soiih.d thW cnnnl'Mni'iiif i.ii.l nnintpil <>'it tlie pr.-s.i! of Iim'"4 ne pebbles. ( ( i.uloKical Survey of Cana.l .. Report of I'i-,.Kre-<>., 1866-6!.. page 15 vUn.rs vs •• Vt the viUaRe c,f lirldgewater |n<.w .Utin.illte] cnKlomerate layers iilMiu ),f"" ..,f,r,?f ,nl,;,-sH,lsl ij;. feet thb-k. I.avin« a streake.l surfme from the "Uernat ,.n Jrivl^' m.l re.bllsh laver-. The eiiel..s,-,l iKM.le> ..r.- .,r i-.mI and w:-.itr .|u;t I/.. ..r.iirrlnL' nari ie le N f <. n twV, inches f. five feet in thieknes.. wbi.h a. e seiMirate.l by inica-s.h •";." b ,Tm;,K on V a f."v s.attere,! r.ebbles Westwnnl from tliis a similar l.nn.l of c I o . er-,te i" seen on the north si.le of the roail lea.liiiB from Hri.lBewater »" .V'"'"'' „,;..,■ Kloinerate Is se n on i-ie n oontlntiatlon of that of Bri.lKewater. Here, hoxvex it is ■.. sm ,re,i w h on ■ "the coarser conKlmnerate bands rislnK In larKe r.n.mled rbb. ILietln^s b^inVof r.lo,;.ite'^ with similar bla.k sili<.lous slates.' I9IS The PrcCambrlan aeotogy of Soutlwutsrn Ontario M ad elevimth and Actlno- r of a mile licavy drift, n tlio ninth lie BChlHtOHf itone of the ted pi'bble» 10 llmcHtone lie conKlom- I' the latter half a mile I 2 and 3, a f llmeBtone, rained pink It or ftnelss. st rorner of >■ be seen In B not throw 3 the village That on the appearance. ) which and ncrate about and the lens ite, howevi r, ling the line nierate, iiuin two liundnd till' pres •Mre | 6!t. page 157). iiyers ubmnid lUeiniitiiin "f . lu-.-tirrlnt- in y iiil(a-Hil"i^ \:Jr :::--"^a^ '^.J«9Ei^iJi^HH Brf^-^ *^W'^ w ■ 1 .'l • i. •r r-^ ..... » • . ■^'ol > , ■»-*-'' 1 » y- - • ^ 3 4 ^^^'^'V- 1 \ ^^^^^^E«>.-i ti i> I t I I BiirMiii of MiiMS N*. 4 rtrda loBC, Iring adjMmt to tb* lut nMBtloncd Iras; th« on* which !■ tarthMt tnni tht roftd eoaUlM a few §nr. grwiJU-iMl« pabblcs, one of them •bMt • foot long. A thin Mctlon. No. 3M, of the UtUr shows tho pebMe to be • blotlte gnnlti> conaUtlDg of qiurU, feldapar, mbio of which ihowi alMte twInnlBg lamolla. and UotUe; It haa ba«» cniahed. reaultlag Id rima of cniahed feldapar surrottBdliig parent gralna. Thia lena of Mmglomerato la eaallr rMchad bjr an old road which rana along the northweat bank ot the Moira river. A few hundred yards weat of the Tillage of Actlnollte, the aecond lena of ronglom* erate and quartalte ti exposed. It haa a maximttm width of a quarter of a mile and nmjr be follow' for two and a quarter mllea to the weat. At the southern edge, about 20* yarda aat. Black creek, the vonglomerate holda several pebbles of granite. A this section of o.. of these showed the pebMa to be made up of quarts, ft-ldspnr and browi mica. The conglomerate Is enclosed In a schist or gneiss of the Orenvllle iterlea. The contact of the two rocka may b« seen on the north and south sides of the belt at several polnU. There Is a gradual tranaltlon between the two rocka, the tranalttonal part being sevpral feet or more wide; because of this transition the unconformity between the two series cannot be directly proved, and the line of contact ahown on the map Is arbitrary, There Is Indirect evidence, however, that an unconformity rxlsta. ThIa conalata In the faci that the pink felalte, shown on the map to occur In the form of a long tongue lying south of the conglomerate a few hundred feet, sends a dike Into the Orenvllle achlst, proving that the schist Is older than the felslte. A few pebbles of the felslte occur In the conglomerate, showing further that both the felalte and the achlat are older than the Hastings conglomerate. The felslte dike referred to occura on lot X In the third concPBston of Elsevlr, about 100 feet east of the Queensboro road; this dike has already been mentioned on pape 62. The majority of the pebbles In the conglomeratp, near thli road, consist of pink and grey colored chert or quarUlte, often showing line banding similar to that In the Orenvllle Iron formation. The percenUge of silica, determined In fourteen nampIeH of thew pink and grey cherts, la as follows: fjo. Per cent. 1 ' 94.23 2 93.98 3 . 90.06 4 ' 95.22 i'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. : 94.26 I e 93.86 1 7:::::::: • i 8 8tt.i4 I 9 92.26 10 85.12 11 80.74 12 87.96 13 8'.40 14 89.60 i The ■* most Important belt of conglumerate Is first exposed about three miles eas. ". It Is about 22 miles long and a mile wide at Its wide.' point West of the • Northbrook, In the north part of Kaladar township, Addlnfcton county, it dlvloi o arms which continue northeasterly until they finally pinch out south of Gull lake in the extreme northeast, beyond the confines of the map. The conKlomerate rests successively upon rocks of Keewatin, Orenvllle and Laurentlan age, and may be seen In actual contact with them at several places. Contacts of Keewatin green bclilHts and Ilatitings conglomerate occur at the foUon-ing points: (1) South ol Harlowe postofllce, on lot 31 in the second concession of Kennebec, the conglomerate Ilea sharply against calcareous greenstone schist. Pebbles of the green schist were no( observed in the conglomerate. (2) About a mile and a half north of the postofBce ot Northbrook, the Addington road takes a sharp bend to the northeast. Here, on the west side of the road, the conglomerate passes gradually Into the greenstone in a few yards, IMS TiM Prc-CMnkrian Qmatagy of SoutlMMMra Ontario n (31 At tha OoldcB rtMwc mlB«, abovt • mil* mn4 m half BorthMwt of niaton th* HmUbo M-dtmcnts are la eoataet with th« greca iclilst*.* Tha coatacl loaa haa, howavar, br«u ddturbrd and Imprt^naUd with quarts and other mlnarala. Hence not much light la hptv thrown on tha rclatlva agra o( the two ar rtaa. FIna axamplaa of ronglomrrata occur nn tha pro|)crty. Fig. 23. The long conglomarata laaa or halt, rafi^rred to In the preceding paragraph. Ilea atmoat wholly In LAurcntlan gnetaaold granite and ayrnlte hftwien the village of Actlnollta and nintoB. Contacta hetween tha conglomerate and other rocka occupy, (or the moat part, drift-covered valleya or other depreaalona, and ar* therefore difflcult to And, but on lot • In the flrat conreaalivn of Kaladar townahip, >i')ar Stony creek, tha two ncrlpii are ex< pniid In auch a manner that their relatlona aeem clear. The gneaaold granite at the contact hecomca more diatinctly gnelaaold or achlatoae, and gradually. In a dlata>.re of a few yards, pebblea of roarae grt-y quartilte or chut appear. There appears to be no t'vldrnce that the granite gnelsa la In Igneoua contact with the conglomeratic. Pebhlea of gnelaaold granite, almllar to the Laurentlan gnelaa, are not of common nrrurrence In the Haatlnga conglomerate, but many of them may be aeen about four milea faiterly from Actlnollte on lota 2 and 3 In the ninth conceaalon of Ettevir township. TluKP ptbbirs have been drawn out by preaaure. The granttf gnelaa la alao In contact with the conglomerate northeast of Northbrook poatolllce, on lot 31 In the ninth conceaalon of Kaladar township. The nature of tha rnntart Is similar to that near Stony creek, just scribed. I.e., there Is a gradual tran- Hitinn tM-twtcn the conglomerate and gnelaa. Tl Mter gradually gives place to a rock containing itebblea of coarae quartilte or chert, lae prominent hill of conglomerate on ihU lot contains a few pebbles of quarts-porphyry and granite, but It may be noted, that, M unual. chert and quartilte pebbles constitute the dominant part of the sediment. There Ih no evidence that the granite Is Intrualve Into the conglomerate, but, on the other hand, this same granite invades the Keewatin greenstone about a mile to the east of the lot laitt mentioned. The Intrusive contact has been described on page 51. The characteristics of the banded, grey chert of the " Iron formation " have been dist(usiied on page 44. Contacta of thia formation and the long lens of Hastings con- Riomerate, described In preceding paragraphs, occur at the following points: (1) At the Ore Chimney mine, three miles southeast of Cloyne, good exposures ot both rocka are found. The conglomerate Is made up almost wholly of pebbles which are exactly similar to the chert. The actual contact may be seen at the mine, where the conglomerate li<>8 against the bevelled and eroded edges of the banded chert. This Is probably one of the clearest cases (>~ nn unconformity In the prp-Cambrlan yet discovered In south- eaHtern Ontario. (2) Easterly from here, and about a mile west of Harlowe postofllce, tlio banded chert Is also well exposed. The conglomerate lens, which is 600 yards wide, ".Mr. H. a. ^Vnnor examinf-d the conKlomeratc :« In the violnltv nf I'llnti n In tlie year 1872 (Report Oe Survey of Canada, 18''2-73. pp. 160-1), Vennor »avj»: "The diorltea, green 'liite", M-hlHtR ml conglomernteB are oartloularly well clevelnpeil arouml the vlIlnKe of Illnton. situateii on the twenty-first and twenty-necond Iot» of the third and fourth conces- sion* of Kaladar. Here, much of the rock in a Ilirht Riven xlate. frraduatlna Into a finely "perklert hornhlendlc schlat Impre^nateil with reddish hrown narneti. A xhort dl-. Interbedded with the conglomerate Is quartzite similar! in rharacter to tliat from which the pebbles In the con);lomerate were derived, thus! produring In certain outcrops a somewhat puzzling structure. Another lens of conglomerate, resting In Keewatln greenstone, Is exposed at Bishop Corners. A good contact with the greenstone ochist occurs half a mile southwest of the corners immediately to the north of what is locally known as the " river road," which crosses the Addington road at right angles. The base of the conglomerate is exposed ' for several feet, and holda pebbles of greenstone schist which are similar to the adjacent Keewatln schist, proving the unconformity between the two series. Three-quarters of a i mile north of here, along the same contact, the conglomerate is again exposed where it : crosses the Addington road. The base for several feet consists of a conglomerate schist containing pebbles of white quartz about an inch in diameter; this passes into a very ■ fine-grained, grey schist or slate. About 300 yards farther north, on the east side of ] Addington road, the conglomerate lies against a fine exposure of ellipsoidal basalt; the I contact between the two is vertical and sharp.* Convloinerate Southeust of the Actinollte-Cloync Am I During the course of our work many areas, beyond the boundaries of the maps accom- panying the report, have been examined. One of these areas consists of prominent ridges locally kn"-vn as the " Bald Mountains," because of the scant vegetation which they sup- port. T' 'Us stretch in a northeast-southwest direction for some fifteen or twenty I miles r ■etween the southeast boundary of the ActinoUte-Cloyne area and the i Canadit^ c railway, partly in the southern portion of Kaladar township, Addington ' county. . Addington road, which crosses the railway at Kaladar station, 148 miles east of Toronto, runs In a northerly direction over the ridges and thence north to the village of Cloyne and many miles beyond. The distance from Kaladar station to Cloyne | by the sinuous road is about eighteen miles. Our reconnaissance work on the Bald mountains resulted in the discovery of an important lens of Hastings conglomerate which crosses the Addington road about two , and a half miles north of Kaladar station just to the north of a great beaver meadow. The conglomerate is similar to other lenses already described in the Actinollte- | Cloyne area, but is probably more metamorphosed. Owing to its being in contact with ' granite-gneiss it is worthy of description. It strikes in a northeast direction and dips steeply to the southeast. The rock, which is schistose and has its pebbles generally drawn out into long lenses, may best be examined about a mile to the northeast of the road. The base of the series is well exposed here, and Is seen to consist almost wholly of granite-gneiss boulders and pebbles similar to the granite-gneiss mass with which it : is in contact on Us northwest edge. Some of the boulders are four feet long. The ; contact between the granite and conglomerate, which shows unconformable relations . between the two rocks, is not indicated by a well-defined line, one rock passing I gradually into the other within a distance of a few feet. The materials comprising ! the basal member of the conglomerate have been derived directly from the under- '< lying granite basement. In the Bald mountains the conglomerate, containing numerous fragments, passes ' upward into a conglomerate which contains few granite pebbles, and slowly acquires : fragments of aniphiboUte and chert or quartzite, finally ))assing into a variety in whUh ; chert or quartzite pebbles compose almost the whole rock. The latter is sometimes : • R. W. KUs, abrut Is years aRo. madp Ivrlef mention of the conKlomei ates to the south ': of Mazinaw hike and Cloyne. He says: "To the south of Mazlnaw lake, thf rocks are mostly '■ hornblendlo. often with a well-marked sreen shade, passlnff In places into well-deflmd ■ chlorltlc schists. These often become micaceous, and are associated with slatv banilR ' which >^ometliiies cDntaln an ahundanoe nf niiartz iiebhles, thus constltutlnK true cnii- '■ Blomerates. In which t e pplihles are iisua'lv elonifatp'l hIohk the lines of schlBto«lty. ThfV ■ are well seen in the township of Kaladar. near the gold mine, not far from Flinton." Report '■■ Geol. Sui'vey of Canada. Vol. I.X. p. 68 A. No. 4 1913 The Pre-Cambrian Qeology of Southeastern Ontario 57 Interbedded with BchUtose quartxlte. The fragmental series along this croBs-sectlon Is 1,500 feet or more In thickness. Beyond this, to the southeast, the sediments are followed by pink gneisses, various schistose rocks and crystalline limestone. All of these rocks, namely: granite gneiss, conglomerate, pink gneiss, schists and crystalline limestone, are intruded by dikes and bosses of massive granite sometimes several hundred feet in diameter. other ConKlomcntc Knm» A small patch of conglomerate, less than 400 feet long, occurs about one and a halt miles south of Bishop Corners, at the extreme southeast corner of the township of Anglesea. This small patch Is shown on the map. Dikes of quartz-porphyry cut across the strike of the Keewatln schists. The dikes are sheared and altered to sericite schist which, nevertheless, still retains " eyr', of quartz representing original phenocrysts. A lens of grey chert of the Orenvlllp ^ries raU in ;:;•» schist. The conglomerate is in con- tact with and holds pebbles of th chort. Tit co a.; onierate also contains several long flat pebbles of soft serlcite schist h.c. probabl, r present altered pebbles of the quartz- porphyry. Three-quarters of a mile east oi /haiuL. V'O. >. j;,., i j i , ^ai MA MADOcT TOWNSHIPS of MADOC and HUNTI PROVINCE r» ui»r mpmnv Ptai 11. Volume 22, W. H. Utmrmi, MituMtitr. •E .^ale : ifWo or 1,0 Mmtm ioo o 100 JRKAU or MINKS MAP or TNI )C ARBA HUNTINGDON. HASTINGS wOUNTY 4CE or ONTARIO timf 22. lUftt.,1 ofBmnmm af Mutrm.ISa. WiUct O. Minn-. Pnmmuml Vrnttm/mt. Of 1.000 F«*t - 1 Inck •••• H^t 7yj«»" LEGEND PALEOBQCIC 44' I ^^^^P^^PP^V^fIV J A W^^^^^^^fw^^K 9999 fl^r^^^^v^^^^v^^V m0tm»r umoom^ommirr HVXAMHUAN Baticiiktt. iTv^'v'l ''•*^V»*'"^UMH. C trnt f am n m Hr mi i limntam. At ^ tmtnt i ami tag; tnuMmti*; /iMte imtnuUmt ttmlmimmt imtlmimu ^ ukist, cr yH a U i m* K w mtmu ami alhtr nek*. I^i"^ MUtc Mtdnilt ami rkyMf *M wm ocgiMMra* ami trng. \ ■ y^ Km* ami wkil$ ery$$alUm» Umttttni , auanHaUy m an -ma pu$ i a m. Brama ami gny m a g m ttim m trytlaiUma Uauttatu. ffOTS: — Tht r tl a ti m atu 'S. l:| the rock Is a true conglomerate It represents the erosion product of crystallinr linifl stone older than the great thickness of these rocks now exposed in the Madoc ar. a. 1 191.1 The Pre-Carebrton ti.^ology of Southgartcrn Ontario 61 tiKMMfarniahto QroupN On the other hand, in spite of the fact that the dip and itrike of all the roclu arc he sani.'. a. ihoMn in the «K-tlon at the bottom of the map. it may be that what apppeuri he a ronformable iucceMion of sediments, from the limestone " conKloraerate ' at tha a8e upward through the two fwt of sandstone to slate and crysUlline limestone, is sparable into two unconformable groups. The limestone "conglomerate." sandstone nd Hiate may be a youngir unoonforrapble series resting on the magnesian and non- AKtieslan limestones. Here the younger group would thus bear a relationship to the kld'r ro«ks similar to that whlrh the Hastings series of fragmental rficks bears to the ^rcnvllle crytUlline limestones e' .-^where in the district. H"i«. 2H. LimcKtonc " cnnRlomenite.-- Lot 4. Concexxion ». Madoc towi»hip. Hm»Uag» count) . Autoclastic OrlKin of " CoitKlomerate " As already suggested the other hypothesis as to the origin of the " conglomerate " I tliat It Is a pseudo-conglomerate, having been formed by the fracturing of limestone ►nds, the Interbanded slate having escaped fracturing. The whole series of sedlmenU. p: limestone "conglomerate," narrow bed of sandstone, slate and great thickness of Jnestnno would thus be classed as GrenvUle. the 'conglomerate," sandstone and slate Iprescntlng the base of the series. But it may be repeated that elsewhere In the Gren- ■lle no such interbanding of crystalline limestone and slate is known. Relation of Andesite to Limestone " Conglomerate " Not only is the origin of the limestone " conglomerate " In dispute, but the relation I the M.adoc andeslte to this rock is not understood. To certain observers It has appeared «t til "conglomerate" rests on the eroded surface of the andeslte and contains frag- u>* «2 BurMu of MliMS No. 4 I k r DmbU of It. other obMrren aw of the opinion that the andeelte U Intrvslre Into ttw " ooBglonu'ratf " Mi that thp frmRinenti of nndeelte »re due to the br<-«klni up of •mall dikes i»1»lch penetrated the " cong lomeraU." Two or three comppfont obeervi-nl who vlalted the area, would not expreea an opinion m to whether the andialto la Intm. ■Its or not Compartaof with Otiwr Araaa ConaldrrlnR what In known of the relation! of ■Imllar rocka In other areaa df-l ■eribed In tbi* report, the andegltp should be Intrusive Into the •'conglomerate." whither the latter Is a true or a paeudoHJongloraerate. In other areaf , the series of rocks that [ phyalcally resembles most closely the Madoc andeslte and telslte Is the Belmont bassli Both aeries of volcanic rocka occupy considerable of the surface of their respective areu and show various phases— amygdaloldal, porphyrltic and tufaceous. They also show approximately the same degree of meUmorphlsm or alteration. The Belmont aork la younger than both the Orenvllle limestones and the Hastings conglomerate. Ob this basis, the Madoc andeslte should be considered to be younger than the " conglomer | ate" with which It Is In conUct. whether the latter Is a true conglomerate or an autol clastic limestone — unless, however. It Is a conglomerate younger than the HastlD|i| conglomerate. Having stated some of the difficulties in determining the relationships of the roclu I In the Madoc area. It may be added that the failure to make a satisfactory determint tion does not afffcct the solution of the larger problems considered In this report! Doubtful evidence in the Madoc area may be discarded, there oeing sufficient data IbI the other areas described to hIiow the age relationships of the Keewatin. Orenvtll«,[ Hastings and other groups of rocks in the district. ROCKS OF THB AREA Without reference to the age relations of the members of the pre-Carobrian, ow u\ another, the rocks of the area may be grouped as follows: Paleozoic ORDOVICIAN. Pre-Cambrian Black Alver limestone and basal sanastone. (Oreat unronformlty) (1) Basic dikes. (2) Moira granite and felsite. (3) Greywackfi and quartiite. (4) Slate. (B) " Conr'omerate " and limestone. (6) Agglomerate and tuff; crush-breccia; felsite intrusions conUlnIng Inclusions of schists, crystalline limestones and other rocks. (7) Madoc andeslte and rhyolite with some agglomerate and tui.. (8) Blue and white crysUUine limestones, essentially non-magneslan. (9) Brown and grey magncsian limestones. In folio., ag paragraphs arc given descriptions of the various groups. (9) Brown and grey magnesian li»tr»ronrs.— Rocks of this class arc shown on the! map at the Henderson talc mine, about a mile southeast of the town, and on lots 2, 3, 4l and 6 In the fifth, and lot 5 In the sixth concession of Madoc township, about a miUJ northwest of the town. Other small areas are also Indicated. These crysUlllne llmf-l stones, which are fine to medium in grain, weather to a brown or grey color, and. ttl times, contain bands of granular quartz, resembling what hiis been called "eoioon" «t| Belmont Lake. Fig. 4. The limestone immediately to the north and south of the He«-j ' ' 1913 Th* Pr«-C«mbrlan Qtakmy of f(o«itiMMt«rn Ontario «3 itnon Ulc mine contain* many of thiw peculiar twnda. of the rocks la ihown tn the followlnn tabl«: Tbo chemical miuptMltloa ..f No. CaO. MgO. CO. re/),-f AIA InMluhle 1. 2S.1& 19.00 42.64 }•« •,9« 1. 2t.2l 1S.6S 4S.«7 t » • *M 1. Centre of lot 4, In the flfth ronrewMlon, Madoc townnhlp. HaMtlnRi county. 2. Henderson talc mine, lot 14, In the fourteenth conc«>sslon. Huntingdon township, Haitlngt eoBntjr. NotM on both the pre-Cambrtan and Paleoiolc limestones of Madoc and ytclnlty will b« found In parller Reports of the Bure«u of Mines.* 1 8) Bluf nnil irhitr irii»tnllinr limi-ttoHii. fi»tHUaUu ttim-maoMrtUtit. Tb^se llmo- I stales are the most common sedlmentsry rocks of the pre^'ambrlan at Madoc. They I hare, Renerally, a peculiar bluish or drab color which is suRKesttve of certain beds la j the Ordovlclan; Indeed, it has been thought by some investigators, that there Is a possibility of finding fossil remains In them. They are, however, highly crystalline, and nonietlnuB white In color, and are otun lottrbedded with schistose greywnrk* and quartilte. It will be seen from the table, given below, that they differ chemically from the brown and grey llmeitones in containing little magnesia. There Is probably I aome of the magneslan limestone Included In the areas mapped as the blue variety. I The wonderful purity of certain of these ancient limestones Is noteworthy. No. CaO. MgO. Fe,0,+Al,0, Insoluble. Loss on Ignition 1. S7.38 1.60 IN 2«.74 31.60 2. 60.28 1.63 1.00 6.64 40.96 3. 54.00 .60 J4 1.10 43.76 4. 46.12 «7 .M 16.76 36.62 5. 53.45 MS 1.08 43.40 6. 50.10 3.88 .82 1.37 43.32 1. Along the railway track, Routh part lot 4, in the flfth concession of Madoc town- |ahlp, Hastings county. :'. About 100 yards northwest of old black marble quarry, lot 1, In the sixth I concession of Madoc township. ;t. Three feet west of felslte intrusion on north part of lot 13, in the fourteenth |conreH8ton of Huntingdon township, HastinKH county. 4. Same locality as No. 3, but on east side of felslte. .''>. Same locality as No. 2; both Nos. 2 and 5 were collected a few feet from a baste I dike iteveral feet wide. The Intrusion of this dike evidently has not had much effect I on tilt' magnesia content of the blue limestone. >i. Old marlile qu&rry, Madoc. (7) Madoc andetitr and rhiintiti; with somi' tiijglomerate and tuff. This volcanic ■ series Is shown on the northwest part of the map, but it extends for a few miles to the ■ north of here. Chemical analyses show that tlio rocks vary in composition from a Irhyollte to an andeslte, the former occurring, for example, on lot 6, in the sixth conces- Ision of Madoc, the latter 03 lots 4, 5 and 6, In the flfth concession. There Is a gradual Itransition between the two types, and both fades are In places amygdaloidal. Fig. 29, land contain agglomerate and tuff, showing the volcanic cliaracter of the rocks. The landesite variety, >\hicli, at times, contains much hornblende, is a massive, greenish, Ibrown to grey colored rock, fine or medium in grain, and at times strikingly porphyritic. I Thin sections show It to be made up of plag^ioclase, microcline, hornblende, biotlte, and ■quartz. The amygdules, which are filled with calcite or ■.•arts, $Lt^ not seen in all ■parts of the mass, but good examples may be observed on the north part of lot 5 in the * Vul. 13, part 2. pp. 69 et aeq. m ;k" Burwiu of MlnM afth roBOMaioik of \tii4oe, to tb* Math o( th« bturt \n Ui« road, of analvaei will tiix. tlw eompMltlOB of th« aodMlti' tuclM. MO, A1.6 re,o, c«o . MgO . N«,0 (1) M.34 1».01 S.71 t«.S7 l.OS .06 3.71 S.S3 US 1»7 100.47 Tha (oIIowIbc raaultil («) &4.4« 17.M 7.11 Mi IS 14« lav.M Fie 2«. AmyiMaloldsl fsclca of l«Udac anilwlte. Lot 4. coiKCMla* 5, Modoc Towtwhlp, Haatlnc* County. The rhyolittc Tariety, which is fine in grain, has a peculiar IlKht groy or pinkiilil oolor, and congUts essentially of quartz, feldspar and seridte. Its composition Is u| • Uowa: 810, 72.20 A1,0, 13.62 Fe/), -'61 FeO :'.-'9 CaO O.SO MgO 0.29 Na,0 2.54 K,0 4.98 Less on Ignition 82 IP' J5 IflJ TiM Prv-Cambrlan dMhwy of SouttewMtom Owterlo «■ It may b» noM lM«r« that the iM>dM 1 and meiamorphUm «n v«rlouii p«rtt of their roMMM. The rhyolltn U allgkUy trhf*(0M At ttmr«. and th* widwltr mpprsn t(» h«v«" to part i*cry»t«lUwd. » Rood ctmUkct of thK •■drsllf with th* pM-ulUr llfii««toin> " «m«lomer»t« " It t« b> «. p» on the BorthwMt part of let « In the Bfth concPMlon of Madoc townablp. B««r tl,, wMit^m end of wrtlon A B. At the fonUct the andealte rleea with ateep fare tialnit l!i. •• conulomerale." The IntnialTe relation of the andealte It dUputed, certain nbll.Tver^ lalming that the " ronRlomerat'e " reate on the eroded surface of the andealta. Thf eoistaot of the two rocki U eweptlonally well expoaed for ftfly yardt or more. Flga. 87 and 32. At the rrmurt the andraitt- doea not poa 'aa Ita typlral rharaeter. eon■ld•l^ *»bl.' blotltf 111 coarse flakea .M-currlna In It. at timca Thin aectlona. tak«t> a fi w Inchet from the contact, show the rock to conalat of blotlte. hornblende, aerlrtto, iiuarti or feldnpar »r«lna, and Rtametlte. The blotlte and hornblende occur Iti phenocryatlike formB aet In the other mlnerala. fr'veral feet from fhe conUct the andealte la dlatlDctly tmyitdaloidal. and la ImpreRnated with calcite or dolomite. At tht- «»^x»raith mine and elaewhere the rhyolite clearly Intrudea the cryaUlllna llnn'-tone. (6) igoltmerati' and tuff: rruMh bi 'lin: frltitf Inlruiloni .o»»«ln(«f; (mlaalon* of ic»l»f. rriiHMHnv Umfitone ani othrr ro» fc*. Thia RTOUP of fraxmental rocka. together with folaltp. la »d». consisting of micaceous schists, beyond which, for 3U0 yards, rtdg of a decided conglomerate, with distinctly rounded pt-bblea envolop<>d In a matrix of aiicaifH}!!* .Hchlst, alternate with ridges of schlat containing few or no i)t>l) .lea. Tbf exart dip of the strata has not been satisfactorily ascertain. ng an agglonn. ■ hu- or tnff, part autnclaatlc, and part consisting of feUlte dikes containing < lU8iou» of t ro.ks. They hnve obviously been considerably disturbed, fc in several of nd garnets have been developed. Tlif fragments vary fn u microsco; thoiM- which are eighteen Inches or more In dianit-ter. Tlie i.utlli s arf angular or ronnd. Pig. 30. Tl conslft of felalte or rhyoMte. . v rifled , flow textures, amygdaloid, flne-grahifo acid pori Siyries, iu>^ i, feld-;par. tiDiHstone, slate, fine-srained greywack^ or quarts) and aad bl.. l!.- have been developad as secondary mlnt-rd -t. Whtk- some of the fragpiental material is skKl' are more like norni;il congloni. rate or .ixglomerate tl Till- I'liomlcal composition of same of tlie crystalline i the hill north of the village of Madoc. Is sho n In <> adjacent icea lonea In alie to gular, aub- ^a showing (Tyatalllne setlci e, calcite, garnet !>»r: in character, other parts t li; Deer worked over by water. )>' one fragments, obtained from tbe following table: ia|. M Ma. CaO MfO. I.ag» lik igUi tlcn. Insoluble. 1. 49.37 1.41 40.30 3.44 S. 48.8e SM 0,93 8.44 s. 48.06 .n 6.60 4. 45.19 .M (i ^ , 11.64 ' OeolOKV of fanH. a. 1S«S. ,,p. S2- M Bureau of Mines No. 4 n 'If I k f fit. 30. Acvioawratc. Madoc vlllacc, HutinKs coun.y. 1913 The Pre-Cambrlan Qeoloify of Southeantern Ontario 67 The varlttles of these rocks, here grouped together, although differing widely in origin, have not been separated on the geological map. Examples of the agglomerate and tuff are exposed two or three hundred yards northeast of the Catholic church. The autoclastic rock, or crush-breccia, may be seen at the edge of the creek southwest of the Catholic cemetery, while felslte intrusions, holding fragments of the country rock, occur a few hundred yards east of the Grand Trunk railway station, and just to Uie south of the lipmatlte pit on lot 6, in the sixth concession of Madoc. The felsite dikes near the Grand Trunk tatlon conUln fragmcnU of crystalline limestone The fragmenUl rocks exposed on the hill north of the town also contain many limestone fragments. Outsldf of the places mentioned in the preceding paragraph, fetelte occurs, as will be seen from the map. on lots 1. 4 and 5 in the sixth concession of Madoc. and on the north half of lot 13. concession fourteen, of Huntingdon. (5) CoHi/lomrralr' and litiKstonr. The largest, and almost contlnuoug. exposures of the rocks. Included under this heading on the map, form a belt which extends In a northeast direction, from lots 3 and 4 in the fourth concession of Madoc township through lots 4. 5 and 6 In the Bfth into lot 6 in the sixth. The " conglomerate.- aa explained on a preceding page, is composed essentially of more or less rounded frag- menu of crystolline limestone. Fig. 28. Pragmente of quart*, resembling that which la frequently found in velnlets or in irregular forms in Orenville limestone, are common There are also fragments of a greenish material which may represent fractured dikes of tho andeslte. with which the "conglomerate" Is In contact, or erosion products from this rock. As previously said, different opinions are held as to the relations of the andeslte to the conglomerate," Figs. 27, 32. The chemical composition of two of the limestoue fragments, or pebbles, in the "conglomerate " Is glv n in the following table:— c*o. MgO. Lose on ignition. Insoluble 22.18 15.22 S6.24 23.10 29.76 20.27 45.02 2.80 The massive crystalline limestone in the vicinity of the "conglomerate" has the frllowing composition, showing that the limestone, like the "conglomerate" fragments. contains considerable magnesia. CaO. MgO. Loss on ignition. Insoluble 29.84 21.07 46.0S 1.28 29.39 20.06 44.80 3.18 On the lots referred to. as shown by the map. and section A B. two beds of "con- «omerate " are separated by a bed of slate, which has a thickness of about 65 feet. One iLTl ^ 1 "conglomerate" is |„ contact with andeslte and the other is sue c«-d..d to the eastward by slate and the latter by magnesian limestone. lot - in '"th'''", "r*"^*""" ""■"" °' '^^ '"^" "' ^«'""'' ^' • «" »»« north edge of ^t In the sixth concession of Madoc township and on the south part of lot 3 In the «t^,. concession, an Interbanding of limestone "conglomerate" and slate, similar to that described in preceding paragraphs. Is to be seen Pig 31 • Ine Jrnmfrn T '^ '°"^" "^'^ "' 'nterbanded "conglomerate" and slate, extend- al of a IJ" '' '""?•' '""^'"'''^ '" '"' « '» '"- «'«h. might appear to be the ol on lots '.,''; Z'JT'"' ""'^ '*"' •" " -^^""^""^ «"«» the beds of similar rooks on lots 2 and 3 In the sixth concession part of the other side llme'tone""'" f"""^" °." *'"' """' "^ ^""'" """" "'">''« »' «'«t^ Interbedded with ^ronsh lots 3 and 4 In the fourth concession of Madoc township to lot 6 In the sixth a,hoL"d tav°/ho"rIioStS"whUeVl^^"X!'ou^h th^'^f,"""'™'" ".""^ '" "»' '""^^'r -hown.' wslon and adjacent I. ts through the blue, as on lots 4 and S In the flfth con- ^1 *»l Jfi I M ft i! it 68 Bureau of Mines No. 4 c : I.' 1^ i Pic. 31. Bcddiac In prc-Cambrian scdlmciiU. 1 and 3 are alate, 2 aad 4 Madoc, Haitins* county. ItaMatoac " caaKtaacmte." a W." :l^ ^^I^^HHk^*' plii 1 ^ i Vim- 32. Contact between Madoc andeaMc and llnMvtonc " conchMicratc." Madnc tnwnahip, Hactlnc* county. Lot 4. conceulott !<. n' 1913 The Pre-C«mbri«n Qeotogy ol Southeastern Ontorio eonMMlon. The rock U a very flne-crained, dralnwlored type that breeka with a marked slaty clearace, ao marked, indeed, that an outcrop waa at one time worked a* a •late quarry at the northwest corner of lot 6 in the aizth concession. It waa found, «iir''i,?-*. X ""V'^ ''" ''"' """• "" *"•«"'" »" "•"'•' the sute of economic MoSL n-ritMSl" .T'** "*• «»-«'•«»«> '"«eB is seen to consist of serldte. liioUte, quarts, caleite and Iron oxides. The slate on the north edge of lot 2 and on the south part of lot 8 in the aizth ooncession. interbedded with limestone 'conglomerate," is shown in Plf 81 Three analyses were made of the slate, and the resulto are given in the following SIO, A1.0, Ferf), PeO CaO MgO Na.0 K,0 . H,0 . CO, . Total 99 1 2 8 66.40 52.92 63.90 17.80 16.69 20.71 7.52 » 1.63. 9.78 8.81 3.67 4.86 3.1S 3.46 2.88 0.34 .76 0.80 0.78 4.38 5.36 6.8S 4.42 7.82 6.88 Trace 92 99.68 99.88 1. Old slate quarry, northwest comer, lot 6, in the sixth concession of Madoc 2. North part of lot 2 in the sixth concession of Madoc, near boundary of lot 3. North part of lot 2 in the sixth concession of Madoc, near boundary of lot Fl«. 33. PhntomlcroKniiih ol creywacM of arenvllle Mriu, croucd nicolD. Madoc. l™n.r* Or«l'««<*«5 «».•• guartzite. These rocks, as will be seen from the map are of wbrLeTrTe'm'V'^T; '''^^ "^ '"^ '^°""-^'^- "^"--"^ fln.grained" p:. fc DresYnt ^^ f »*""* '"'"''°''- ""'^ '"■"^•"'' sedimentary texture was foundio C dol-LTh ""'"S-r^'"' '"""* *'' '''' ""''"^'^^^ "' ^•'^ '»'« »"'• which is Pmc; X 8^r:hL™"'.w""''' '''"°" '''"' ^"^"^ •""« '« -^ n.edlun:-grai„ed lard e,e" ^'Z »J f ™all fragments of quart, may be distinguished wUh the Knts set in . It ? "'""^^oPe the rock Is seen to consist of quartz and feldspar frag- Pnents, set in a matrix, which consist, of biotlte. serlclte. quartz, feldspar and .alclte Hi vi Ij I Mir I « J!, f ♦ i • 1 ^ f n 70 BiirMiu of Mines No. 4 The quartzltes are hard, dark, flne-gralned rocks, In which t'lie oriKinal Bedlmentar]i textures have been destroyed, and the dark color of which Is due to the presence of Mcondary ferro-magneslan minerals. Quarttite, apparently conformable with blue, crystalline limestone, is exposed along the Hastings road, on the eart part of lot 3 in the fltth concession of Madoc. Abo.i* the middle of lot 13 In the fourteenth concession of Huntingdon, the rocks of thiK group are Impregnated with iron sulphides and resemble the "rusty schists" of the Grenvillc Iron formation. ^aile the quartsite and greywackfi outcrops have all been given one color on the map. It has not been definitely proved that all of these rocks in the area occupy the same •tratlgraphloal position. The following table gives the results of an analysis of the altered greywackfi which occurs two or three hundred yards to the southwest of the Presbyterian church: If 8iO, 70.5i A1,0, 18.73 FejO, "♦ FeO 1.47 CaO 1.47 MgO ... 05 Na,0 93 K-O 4.27 H,0 1.62 CO, 1-90 I I 99.70 (2) Moira Granite and Felsite. A few small areas of the Moira granite and felslte are shown on the Madoc sheet. The rock, which is massive and usually free of gneissoid facles, has a pink color and varies from coarse to fine in grain ; the flner-grained varlet; is commonly k>.3wn as felsite. The rock Is developed on the south and northeast parts of Moira lake, but occurs In greatest volume to the northwest of Madoc, where it is repre ■ented by a batholith, exposed in the Huckleberry hills beyond the confines of our map.* On lots 12 and 13 in the fourth concession of Madoc township, the coarse- grained, fresh Moira granite appears to pass gradually Into a fine-grained, vokanii facles of the Madoc andeslte and rhyollte. Erosion has removed the fine-grained, surface-formed phase of the intrusive, exposing the deeper-seated, coarse-grained core. The dikes of felsite, at times, contain numerous fragments of limestone, produeini!| a rock of a striking and puzzling character, especially when the dikes are fractured and I take on the appearance of a true sedimentary rock. Dikes with such inclusions occur a few hundred yards east of the Grand Trunk Railway station, and Immediately south of | the hematite pit on lot 5 in the sixth concession of Mado? township. The relation of these Intrusives to the mineral deposits of the area is referred to on | a following page. (1) Ba»ic Dikes. These dikes occur at several places. Including three points In tiif| rock cuts of the abandoned Grand Trunk Railway, on lot 1 in the fifth and sixth con cessions of Madoc. They are dark, generally flne-gralned rocks often referred to as I " trap." One of these basic dikes appears to Intersect a felsite dike. Indicating that thr I latter 1b older than the former. This occurrence Is to be seen In the village of Madoc [ on the north side of Livingstone avenue, on the west bank of Deer creek. * 8er " aeologiral and TonoKraphical Map of the Madoc and Marmora Mininx DUI-'Ict.'' by Eugene Ooste and James White, Oeol. 8ur.. Can , 18S6. I9i3 The Prc-Cambrian Oeolorv of Southeastern Ontario 71 Thlckncm «nd Structure of Sedlmenta The thickness and general structure of the " conglomerate," slate, limestone, quart- lite and greywark*. that have been described In preceding paragraphs, will be seen from the cross-sections on the map. Along cros^sectlon A B the sediments dip at an angle of sbout 37 degrees to the southeast. Beginning with the most western sediments on the cross-section, on lot 4 in the nfth concession, the thickness of the different rocks, to ihe point B on the Hastings road, is as shown In the following table. Judging from the dip. the sroup of sediments might form a conformable series, with the greywack« and quarUlte as the uppermost member, but, as stated on preceding pages, the relationship of the sediments, one to another, has not been ilnltely determined. . , , Thickness In feat 1. Limestone ■ conglomerate," including a two-foot bed of brown Impure quartzlie a thin section of which consists domlnantly of quartz grains and subordinately of ealclte or dolomite. An analysis of a fresh sample of the quartzlte showed It to conUln 79.44 per cent, of silica, while an analysis of a sample. In which the carbonate seemed to be weathered out. showed 89.82 per cent, of silica 42 2. Fine-grained, grey slate ^ g 3. Limestone " conglomerate, ' similar to No. 1 " gg 4 Fine-grained, grey slate, similar to No. 1' 435 5. Grey magneslan limestone 330 6. Blue limestone, low In magnesia, and containing many small beds, an inch or so in thickness, of hard cherty material 1,806 7. Dark. Impure, flne-grained quartzlte [\ '300 ToUl thickness 2^557 feet Another, but much smaller, section of the sediments Is exposed a few hundred yards to the northeast of Madoc. on the north part of lot 2. In the sixth concession. Pig 31 shows the appearance of four of the beds. The east part of section BC includes these aTSlI'ows ^^^ "" °' '^^ "'"""• ^'■'"° "^"^ *" *"" ^^'^ ""*' "^^ ^ *"»«'*>»*"» 1. Fine-grained, grey slate Thickness in^feet 2. Brownish grey limestone " conglomerate." The rock also contains frag- ments of quartz. The contact of the slate and limestone "con- glomerate" is not sharp, part of the slate encroaching on the " conglomerate " in an irregular branching manner. A little slaty matter Is found in the matrix of the " conglomerate " 6 3. Fine-grained, grey slate, similar to bed No. 1. It Includes a bed of limestone about two inches thick. The "conglomerate" of bed No. 2 thins out In a distance of 3b feet to the north, and gives place to the slate beds Nos. 1 and 3, which then join each other. . 3 4. Limestone " conglomerate," similar to bed No. 2. The last mentioned bed is succeeded to the eastward by slate 22 The chemical composition of limestone fragments from beds Nos. 2 and 4 Is shown In the following table: Fe.O,+ No. CaO MgO AlA Loss on Ignition. Insoluble. 1- 30.03 19.57 1.28 44.32 4.32 2- 30.25 20.18 1.1« 45.38 2 58 3 42.18 1.38 1.39 34.89 19.84 4. 52.68 1.00 1.24 41.96 2.92 J ! ' I; m *«ii lij I A 72 Buruiu of Mines No. 4 5. Soft, calcareoai, grey slate. Including a tbln bed of crystalline lime- stone t t. Orejr quartslte, becoming conglomeratic, owing to tbe pretence of small pebbles of granular quarts 14 7. Grey slate, similar to beds 1 and 3. It Includes several calcareous beds one inch thick 150 S. Hard, dark-colored, flne-gralned quartslte or greywackA 75-f. f A?.- c^ia^j Fir. 34. International OcoloKlcal Concres* iiarty near Bishop Corncm, AnclCMa township, Addinctnn county AuKust, 1913, 9. 4 73 4+ town- 1 tour X th« >r tnu Alllne h •te. if! If A alline Itme- edded islan, :ity Is rock uartz e: ^ I i i I ♦I rner, rner, i ( IIAZZARirs C TOWNSHIP OF MADO 0.\T Til iirnimfMimy fttrt It, r.^. .v, Hoi,. W. II. Ilnni, MimMrr „f ImhiU. r„r,.,t. „nr A Sr&i ■ ' / Horiiontal : VHB Feet = 1 Inoh. or THK VS COFINERS AREA MADOC. HASTINGS COUNTY ONTARIO f //, >•>!. .•/. Hrimn-t «f Bmnmu V Hit—, tUt. ,. ru,„l. „„., v.,.«. WIIM O. Mllkr. IV>Wi»M Ofvlagi^ 1 1 ie.«40 "^ 4 MiW > llHch. ' Mll« LEGEND PAUtOZCMC OrdovioM Hliiek Mvtr l*m—lmu md "Mflumtml*, PRCXAMMUAN Hattingi CuafloiMral* owl quartiU*. Or»n>ill« liKualims, IndtDUna alto iMtiiiiHaMli '■'«" 1!^ iMivMntoM ViauatoM. ^^ "ZIL^ "m on**-*-* Umubm*. "«»«»<«<•. a /«» 6aiMl( 1^ r«aw V. B. lloit!i,Mi 72 W I* 11 H T. • 1. I «hl lin Pk Pal - Kir 34. 1^1 1 ^f 1 tMJ Th« Pi«-C«niirtan dMloBy of SMithcMtwn v -Mrto W THR HA7,ZARD'f( CORNBRS AREA Th« HuMrd'i Cjraeri arc* !!«■ (our mll«i DortbMMt of Madoo viltaga, In th« tows- «hlp or Madoc, llutlagt County. The ar«a mapped U imall, comprlalni 1«m tbaa (o«r tqaan mtl«*.* But it Includea ImporUnt beda or conglomaraU and othar ro^a of Uta Hattlnia Mriea. which are. perhaps, aa tittle disturbed as are any of the rocks of this M>ri«s described In this report. They rest with stHklm unconformity on crystalllno limestone of the OrenTllle serlea, PIfs. 3S. 8S. The rocks of the area hare been clasained aa followa: PlelataceiM OLACIAL AND RECENT Boulder clay, sand and fravel. Paleoioic 1 ORDOVKIAN Black River llmeatone and basal conglomerate. iOreat UHconformitj/) ■Pre-Cambrian HASTINOa SERIES Condomerate. greywack^ and quartslte. (C7noon/orm<(y) ORENVILLB SERIES (1) Blue and white non-magnealan, eryatalllBO limestone. (2) Brown and grey magneslan. crystalline lime- stone. A few beds of rusty schist are Interbedded with this limestone. Grenville sfTlc*.— Crystalline limestones, magneslan and essentially non-roagneslan, lirgely compose the Orenvnie series at Hasaard'a Corners. The magneslan variety Is pne-to-medlum In grain and weathers to a light grey or brown color; at times the rock a bluish color on freah fractures. It contitlns. as usual, varying amounts of quarU kad other Impurities. The chemical composition Is shown In the following table: CaO 1. 30.36 2. 31.12 3. 30.42 4. 2G.30 MgO 20.20 20.11 20.25 18.40 CO, 44.34 46.79 44.62 Pe,0, A1,0, 3.70 1.60 1.70 1.28 Insoluble. 1.00 hU 2.60 1S.S0 Total. »9.60 99.75 99.59 1 Fnsh fractures have blue color; rock weathers to grey color. Northwest corner, |t 11, conrpsslon VIII, Madoc township. 2. Fresh fractures have blue color; rock weathers greyish brown. Northwest corner, 11. concession VIII, Madoc township. u. Northwest corner, lot 11, concession VIII. Madoc township. 4. Southwest corner, lot 12, concession VIII, Madoc township. 4 ^ M J Np No. «c. ■HMilB r,. t-.t-s* I 74 BunMU of MlnM N». 4 Th. «rT.UlH« nmnitow which fonl.in. low •»«onU of "'•;«»7'; •••^^•'' " " Mu. or dr»b color Tl*. roll..wln« t.bl. -ho*, ih. rhnnlcl «,iiii..^»t»oo of tb. rock. CkO I. 45.«1 I. W.«0 MgO 3.40 .01 CO. SB.iM 4a.so AtA 1.44 iDielttble. t.70 S.20 Tot«l. »ii.S2 1 BIO* llu.«ton«. .«.uth part lot 12. coiic..««lon VIII. M.doc townih»p. a. Bloe Hfne-tone. .oath p.rt lot 12, coiic««lon VIM. M«l«- towa^htp. to wl bd bo an cb HaMlinat »,ri,:-The rocks compriBlng the Hastln*. Herles consist of conglomerute. greywack/and qu.rtilte. They may be be,» seen on the south face of tbe prom Inen, Sll on lot 12. concession VIII, In Madde township, where the beds, .vstlng In highly in in^d poHlt on. are well exposed. The pebbles have not been elongated by pressure and the Vocks are thus less meUmorphosed than similar rock. In most parts of soJthe«ter^ Ontario. The conglomerate contains pebble, of felslte. medlum-gra m-d granite (rare). QuarU. dark ferruginous chert, and crystalline limestone. The ,uarU,, his a peculiar brownish-grey color: under the microscope It Is seen to be «;J^ «P «' grains Vf quart* and feldspar Irregular In outline, together with some calclte or doloml e. The comport on of one sample was found to be: CaO. 3.B6: MgO. 1.91; CO,, 3-98: Insoluble Slei Trt of the dense, flne-gralned brown rock, mapped as quart.lte. may be slllclfied crystalline limestone. t«iJ TiM Pf-immbrUin U n togy ••( So«tiMM»«ni (iiKarto 7f Th« conglow^nit* »r tk« m-m lut « MOirwIiAt pccHlMk' «>. Fix. it. Th may be seen on lou 14 and 16 in the seventh iuni'''aslon of Mador. .-ilong the xst sUte of the road (ouih of ih* cheew factory. IHkes.—iiotU tha Orenville and HastlnRii ar- intrtt<^>d by fpfolte anrt basic dikes. FlK. M. Hutlna* cMifhnn rat*, boldlna boaMcr of cryitalllac tla**toa« of QrcnvUi* Mric*. Haxamrd'i CoriMn. ^n \ 1 ! i ! fil 6 B.M. 76 Bureau of Minetr No. 4 { .1! t j.-^ I I I s 8 i M -.1 3 r i V \ N '\*\ 1 » •If y-^ y If: .-i^'' > SccriOH XY HASTINOft CRCNVILLC LEGEND " Dr. U. W. Kits. Ucport Oeol. 8u... Cann U. Vol. .\'IV. 1901. p. 47 J. 1913 ThePre-Uimkrian QmOogy of Southeastern Ontario preience of a few limeatone pebble* In tbe conglomerate U additional evidence of an un- conformity between tbe two aeries. It tbe conilomerate be followed from this point to the southwest for about half a mile, the pebbles will be found to gradually decrease In number until the rock becomes a m!ca-8chi«t. Similarly, at the northeast end of the belt, the conglomerate facles passes Into various nchistose and gneissold rocks. i K*- Hb. 30. Hutlnsa coairlomerate, PidmcrRton townihip. near the village ol Ornrah. hronteiuc count>^ The part of the cliH shown in the photorraph Is about IS feet hivh. In some places a mlca-schlst or gneiss occurs at the contac. of the Orenvllle lime- stone and the conglomerate. Here the structure has the appearance of a conformable rpl.itlonshlp, If the unconformity above described were not taken Into consideration. The conglomerate contains pebbles of dark-colored gneiss, and, more rarely, of granite. The presence of these pebbles Is evidence of an unconformity between the conglomerate, on the one hand, and granite and dark-colored gneiss on the other. ili 80 BurMu of MliMs ' Lf »^ No. 4 that and THH LAURBNTIAN AND ORBNVILLB SERIES #i...!!!^ *w ^' "*• "^"'" " **• •«»»»P«yH>l •k«tcli map ia unetohad. IndicaUu *tfk«her Igneoua or aedlmentary. one of the typical gneteaold lenaw aer.ral feet wide, north of the hotel wm aampled. The rock ha. a V^S S«tklr "J.n^^"*"'' "J " ""'• "•• *" " '*='<' P'*«locl«.. mlcrocllne and qn.m ^^rvplcol ^ev gnein, nort^ect of Hotel at OmpaX, Palmer,ton tOion,Mp. Frontenar 810, . AI.O3 Ferf), FeO . MgO . CaO . Na.0 . KtO . H,0.. CO, . , ToUI 100.72 th.rJ«~^K r "7 ^^' "" •"•*" *" "' '«°~"» «>"«'"• It would aeem probable. hJT ?n' ^'i ?"'' "•*** Bnel.«,ld band, are parallel dlkea or 8hcet« which have ™tl fr " '"* ■"""*"•* "■• •'^"'""'^ P'"'"'* »' »"« arervlllf limestone In much the same manner that the Laurc-ntlan ha. Invaded tae Orenvllle sedlmenU at ^.h1 m J^?" "' "' "^^ '^^'^ **° '*"" P""*" "« described In connection with the Aciinoiite<:ioyne area. Anoth r analysis was made of a band of gneiss, 6 Inches wide, which occurs In the limestone near the north end of the brtdge over the Mlwlsslppl river. The welss naa * u^ JI!^ *■ *■' ""* '•""""^^ essentially of twinned and untwinned feldspar, together with subordinate amounU of blotlte. The analysis of the rock gave the following results: 810, . AUG, Fe,0, PeO . MgO. CaO . Na,0 . K,0 . H,0 . 00, . . Per cent 47.56 2^.66 .36 4.64 5.15 6.68 1.00 6.62 4.32 Trace. I9IJ The Pf^:«mbrtoH 0«oloty of South— frw Ootorlo No. OO 1 43.80 2 82.43 3 49.80 4 &2.S2 fi 40.79 8 27.20 MgO 6.94 18.80 i.as 0.68 3.92 15.72 Al.O, + F«.0. 3.84 1.84 0.90 0.60 Insolublu 13.30 2.70 6.48 4.44 4.55 3.78 LOM 00 Ivnitioo 32.61 44.40 41.12 41.60 42.60 44.06 Tstel 99.59 99.73 99.66 99.74 «. un n, oonc«uion II, Palmerston townthlp. on old road BMt part lot 26. concewJon II. Palmer.ton towwhlp. at road aide. iienS ch^JT.""*"; !*'""'^° ^"''"''•«». ««>"»« part of lot on old road. Twenty chains eaat of Ompab post office at road side Two and a half miles east of Ompata. near talc prospect. QBANITE ANI> PEOMATITE INTRUSIVE8 These acid Intmslves are the youngest rocks in the area, and have been found .t 3 u"::'' """"•""' *'•' '°"°""'= ''' ^» "•• northeast «?of£Sa^TS;p: Trout) ake a coarse-grained, massire granite, showing at times a weSdevelJJ^ Ompah post office a coarse-grained. granlte-pegmaUte cut. diagonally acrosIThe^rlk. "1, ' ■,' his. 40. Hastlnas conskHncratc. «bowlns iquceud pcbMn Palmcriton townihlp. Frontenac county. h BurMiu ol MiiM* No. 4 > i FlK. 41. CryiitallliM liiMitaiM cMtalaluB k«di of quartilu or chert. I%liiwntt. quartz /eldipar Kne'sn to the north, ih" •erieb iif allrrMl. prt> Cambrian nHimenta (trikea E. 10° N. and dips ahout 80 dwreaa to the nKrtk Thf .'•tnurolitxk, which are aometlmes as long ai three inchea, are emb<.dded :n n irroiindmHa of white aiU (reeii iiiica. liarneta are commonly found in the aehlut, and aluo a light grey luiucrat with food prinnalKf cleavage whirh ii probably cyanitf. >>ut ia not definitely determined. I ?„ 'tr< ^• ^^ «» ( f •4T 10 I HTjoMan^ ti .>fD'H3M: »: 1^1 -3 •, ,A ■■A^*' ;«*«-. i map No. 22 r. „ -^. .^ ^ ..-.^ - . Mtaocorr msowtion tkt cmait (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) A J /IPPLIED IM/1GE Inc 1653 East Uj 1^^ ..^a L' .V a ^ / / V Yip kx 1. ■ . ^^ tv J^ *^^ iMji Tie V f f ? // / r. «r: ¥ -=• 11 t. r*=.i "md V. \ y — N [JR ARBA and TUDOR, HMmNGS COUNTY E OF ONTARIO 22, Rffhnf nf Bitnmm •f Mimm.ltitS. WiUet O. «r y* Mae - 1 LEGEND FRBXAMBMAN GmmU$ OMr* imrmnttvm oomrnor C mt ft mt rttt mi t—itt, (ktfmmu im pmt tmlt-tUuHe. umoom^ommirr QranvHI* BUu and wUU cry$laUint l im itl tn n , t$$tnli»tty MM-MMfiMnM, and tmiirdiHM$ anas of nMfacnra limtslent. Uagnetian lim*slon*. t:i-:":'.-:::'V.-".j Gamt-epHau rock (alurtd lim4tl»ne t) '. ' y\ Husly tchiil. Grey ineiti. K««watin. Gretmtone ukisls. •rams H&Mu. t-^^^ am. eV Smtmp. \ 1- ^ v!^' W \iV. :;•' \ ^^^^^^^^^^K.^ r \^ ^^^^V \ ^^HP'' . \ \ vOt* 35a itKS rnoM )>i CTOM CI Cr^ fMM*. GrtMuiMw adMiCi. o Btmm. SOURCES OF INFORMATION Cm»W OntnU Kmilmmy flam. TmmMp fUmt ; Dtptrtmtui tf Umdt, frnttti »mi Mimti. Paeimg «md ttrnfts smrmy hy C. W. Kmon. AmwNt/l «•# hy Dtt. Adam* umi Bamlow. Ctmpatmi by W. \. RooBBa G-l*liemUy imntytd ky WnxsT G. Mnxn m4 CtBB. W Kmon. <^>)"')llipiwiMy !>■ ,. I I umh ^'i m m mmmktmC' t^ 'mr^^ i^Ktmirm'Wk ■ ^mi 1 ctekva^ rr !■:,.,• h '-''"L^. •*^- - • " T r'T ' ;-{■-•"-• Ti 'f'' iTiEi -^ ■-Q.^ 1913 Th« Prc-C«inbrl«n Qeoricy of Southeutern Ontario THE QILMOUR AREA INTRODUCTION The Ollmour area, which eovera about ten aquara mllea. Is included In the Bancroft map* of Adams and Barlow, and occupies a small portlor of the township of Tudor, Hastings county. We have mapped the rocks in somewtat p-eater detail than that ihown on the Bancroft sheet. In an endeavor to throw further light on a peculiar con- glomerate which was dlscover-sd by Dr. Barlow several yean ago.t The nature of some of this conglomerate Is still uncertain. The members of the International Committee, who examined the occurrence In 1908, were not agreed as to it? origin.) Barlow con- fldered It to be autoclastic In ;lgln, and believed that the rock has been produced by crushing and brecclatlon. Other members of thf committee regarded the conglomerate to be In part of autoclastic origin, and. in all probability. In part of volcanic origin, representing tufaceous material derived from volcanic centres now represented by the masses of granite associated with it." Messrs. Cusblng and Adams, members of the tommittee, found that the conglomerate was Interstratlfled with limestone, and con- equently of the same age as these rocks. The committee concluded that the conglomerate Is of interformational origin, and has no special structural signiflcance. In this report we "lave classified certain rocks as of Keewatin age, believing them io have b^en originally basic lavas, and have separated them from the Grenvllle sedl- Dents. The supposed tlilckness of these ^ ments is thus reduced. The area is not an ideal one in whlc. to work out the age relations of the sedl- nents, because the latter have been Intruded by masses of gabbro and rranite which lave helped to metamorphose them and render their relationships obscure. It is con- ildered, however, reasonably certain by the senior author of this report that the longlomerate is largely a true water-worn sediment, and that it rests unconformably )n the Keewatin greenstones and the Orenville sediments. i. 4^' ROCKS OP THE AREA§ We classifv he pre-Cambrian rocks of the Ollmour area as follows:— •Cambrian 'H>ST-HASTiNas INTRUSIVES Granite, add dikes, gabbro. (Intrusive contact) HASTINGS SERIES (Unconformity) ORENVIl^E SERIES Conglomerate and gneiss, the former In part auto- clastic. KEEWATIN (1) Blue and white crystalline limestone, essentially non-raagni-slan, and subordinate areas of magneaian limestone. (2) Magnesian limeE^tone. (3) Garnet-epldo e rock (altered I'^'stone). (4) Rusty schist (6) Grey gnelas. Greenstone schist. Tne rocks, beginning with the olde. t series, are described In following paragraphs. |I. XII. pp. ?0B-2?7 """^ Archeun rongIome;ate.s.-The Ottawa Naturalist Feb.-, 1S99. |vnta?nS'*'th^°"?i!l.'in* ■'■"? '"* Correlation of the pre-Cambrian R.,.^ks of the .\rtlrondaok "i'4v Vol. K PP ISl-m"""^" ''" ^^'"' "' ^""''^''- ''"•* '^''•''•"•" Ontario.- Journal of 8 Srr map No'. 22 f. i i ■.A S4 Bureau of Mines No. 4 THE KEEW^TIN The KMwatin Mrlea coniUtt of ane or medluiu inilned green •chliti, reating In almoet Tertloal position, and oompooed largely of born >lende and chlorite, together with occasional remnanu of plaglcclase phenocrysts. Th« general name amphibollte Uas been applied to these green schUtH and many other dark-colored rocks, and they have been considered by Adams and Barlow to be mostly altered sediments.* In the Ollmour area, however, the chemical composition of the green schists, and the presence of amygdules and volcanic fragmental material, show that the rooks were orirlBslly basalU, and therefort of Igneous origin. The fragmenu: fades may b seen about halt a mile south of the railway sUtlon at Ollmoi r, on the west side of the track, and also on the east side of what is locally known as the " Snr.w " road, one mile south of Macdonald'i siding. The two analyses given below show that these green schlsU have the composition of basalU. and should not be grouped wHh the Orenville sedlmenU. 1. 2. ^'0> 48.10 4«.34 A''0' 17.14 ii».31 ^^O' • ■ e.69 5.80 ^^ 11.83 10.14 MkO 433 1 13 CaO 7.09 10.22 Na,0 2.68 2.07 K.0 0.48 1.00 HjO 2.00 2.08 \08. 1 and 2, green schists south of Ollmour ststion, Tudor township, Haatlngi county. An analysis was aUo made of some of the volcanic material associated with the sohlsts. The fragments which are basic and schistose are not more than a few inchei in dlametev and have been flattened out parallel to the prevailing schlstoslty of the rocks. The outcrop is several feet In diameter and cannot be separated from the green schists with which It Is In contact. Votcantc fragmental material atsodated icUh the greenstone achiita, one mile $outh ot Oilmour, on the west tide of the railway track. Per cent. S'O' 49.14 A1,0, 20.47 V^zO, 2.09 FeO 9.68 MgO 3.34 CaO 4.74 Na,0 1.94 K,0 0.39 H,0 6.80 Co. 2.95 100.42 It may be noted that the greenstone schists which are here classed as Keewatln have a strong resemblance to rocks of similar age in other parts of Ontario. Moreover, we have found a few narrow bands, several inches wide, of Jaspyltte, resting In these schists, and it is considered that the presence of this characteristic iron-formatlos | further strengthens the reason for classing the rocks with the Keewatln. » * .Q««l0Ky o* the Haltburtnn and IJancrof t areas, by F. D. Adajns and A. B. Barlow. Memoir No. 6. Department of Mines, Oeol. Survey Branch. '»«3 Th« Pro-Cambrton a«otogy of SoutheMtcrn Otiterio gg TUB aRENVILLB SERies .Bd?™,^^!".'^"!.'*';"* '■""•'•'' "' •«"«»•">»• which include Hmettone, rusty ichl.U form.bIe wrle. which wo. depo.lted on the .urface of the .ubmarlne K«,w.ttn u'^ ju....,e,d.p...,.i:thTre;^ whe"eTthra';:.:"Trey rrfflnV".:;""^^ """* "' ^"-""" "»"- ■«"> «'- decon.po..tlon of pyrlte or pyrfhour 8,m.^^^^^^^^^^ "' """"' " ""^ »«> "»« Barlow, and are believed b/them to h» «f ^^ ^'^ ''*" de«?rlbed by Adam, and .bout si, or seven mUesnmhoTonil" ^l'™""'*/^ '"'«*"= °»« «" »"«- "«" occurs 1. said by the Is-t-Soned writer^ T^ ^7^?.°?!'!: """'"'"^ *"*' °^-'»'' ^^Ich «hUt m the Bancroft ari It bavin, ^ ^.5 ,"* "**'"' *" ''"^"'•' "^'^ weathering .chist at Ollmour exam ~;Lnder the »^l~r' *".* ""*• ''"" '*''"»" »' '•"« ""^^ Of blotlte. Quarts, f^lr ca?elS pyr.te S ,Z„ur "* '" '""'" ^'"«'"'»"' eastern Ontario these schists contain „.m/ ^" "'"'*"* '*^'''" •>"•*» "' •»"»«>• i«nys mine, souSi^t of oJe^S^r^ ^T ' T ^ '•*" ^'"'"" «"'«>•'- O^ Com- .t a„mo„r were^r/VrScate IZZTjll/l'^Z'' '~" "^ -"' ^^'^^ SIO, *• 2. Al,0, ... "-^2 73.78 FeO.. 3-9* »•« PeA '♦•''* <-93 MgO . . 1-08 CaO . 2-*^ 2-37 Na.O. .'.■.■.;: *•»» 109 K.0 " 2.72 H,o ]il 1" CO... ^-33 2.57 Pe^.. ..: ,■;.■.■. *ii « 13.32 100.09 100.07 No 2 J2 Sut' ".IT"' T' "' """"•"•'• ^''°'' ^"^"""P- "-"""f- county. NO. 2. Rusty schist. secoD . railway cut. south of Ollmour station. Hastings countv onh?rnrrth7it^^;xrr:fSw^c\%r^^^^^^^^^^ r r-- -- , Wrnet. epldote and hornblende. This «rnrtiXe roc^^J^ '^ fT "" °' '"" """*""' i . limestone which has been altelT bTtrCsloHfT'n^^^^ Z^^ ""^"r xrjo^rircv^: Lr thTr "^ r^-- --«?::<«'- ;^^^ * Journal of Oeolosy. Vol. 16, pp. 202.20S. ^ Bureau of MIiim No. 4 th. Jr .1..Z "-•"'«>-'-Tb. crjr.unin. Hm«toM .t Ollmour I. I.rgel, 1 v.^ :™ir ' no"""*"..!.!. «rl.ty, but our m.p of th. Ollnour .re. .howl • very .m.JI •xpo.ure of m. Hme.tone .bout . quarter of . mil. wuthwl.t o i'no^'SrLwf «;?' ?"-""- ~«"""-«- Tb.. dotemltlc .ln,e.toue1e.ther.T: dil JwT .K • " ""-•'••"•O •»•• "-'-""W- •>« n..gn..l.n limestone. .lre«lr dw^rlbed in other p.rt. of tbl. report. e.pecl.lly .t Belmont l.ke. An .n.ly.l. o7"I rook .bowed It to h.ve the followlni percenUge compoeltlon- CO . MftO 29.13 11.70 43.90 Blue and toA<(e cr»«ol»ne Ume»tonr,. e„entiaHv non^agneiian.-Thw Ume«ton.-i wb ch .re nne-to-medlum In irnln, predo.uln.te in Ollmour. Their compoaltlon 1. ihown In the following Uible: CO MgO . . . CO; .... In.oluble 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 61.84 40.00 48.26 61.42 62.71 62.08 1.07 .03 .74 .89 .01 .03 42.76 31.58 .19.86 40.63 42.30 40.46 2.91 26.06 8.84 6.02 1.84 2.26 Specimens No«. 1. 2 and 3 were taken . few hundred feet north of Ollmour post olllce, at distance, of 10, 16 and 100 f.^et reBpectlvely, Muth of the contact of the lime stone and conglomerate. No 4 in from the first railway cut «)uth rf the rtatlon. No 5 li a blue llme.tone about one and a half mile, northwe.t of Ollmour: It ha. been partly brecdated Into fragment.. Fig. 43. from a few Inches to four feet long, and these have been cemented together by a brown caldte. the analyst, of which i. given under No. 6 Analyaea Nos. 6 and 8 tend to .how that the chemical compoMtlon of the cry.talUne limestones of the region, viz.. whether they contain high or low percentages of magnesia, doe. not depend on the degree of dynamic metamo.phl.m to which they have been subjected. J Hif. 4\ BrKctated "blue" llme»toiK. The Irmitmeiit* .r . «t In • natrli of bni« „ liniMtone whkb hM ■ similar chemical composition to the traKments. Township of Tudor, near ailmour. 1913 Th« Pr^^mbrtoii Q^ojogy of South—fra Ontwto ■7 TMB HASTINtM CBMBB difficult to dl.tlBtHUhth.fr™iu,^ ?[!!!.'"*' '"•^*^'» «"•«». «n which It It tncturti .urf«»^ Th. bwf^r^ .^ J ""'** ^"" " ••P^Ully true on fmh- frMn..nu. which Lrrrfom'^iJlr,;''!"'''' »» '•» •»'"«• »' '«•• rocka Tb. porphyry, fel.lt.. „ey LhUt ." ij^u -.r n' '^."'^ "' "Wwi-Porphyry. quam- fr.ln.<| matrix of L^^;„L'.t 7h„w ^^^^ '^"' •^"»" "' *»>• »".. Cite and other mlnemirthu Lie. har^n. h ' "' ""'*"• '"'"••'*•'• "«"»•• ««• Plan- have not b«n ri,»U.d ' .PP««-.nc« of a «reywack«. Bwldlag It !• certain that some of the •• ronalomeratn •• i. »„. . • «ampl,, imatdlatoly w^t of the Say tr«k .1 "? ' ''»' ^-'-'^orn .edl„,.„t. For In .he cry.,.,„ne llme.to„eV bo^To^ 1' J^^^^^ harder Rranlte beina aaueeied int„ .^h .,, . * ""'"**' •»"» ""-"eclated, the Thl. proce.. ha. Produced IlocrihlchrlLmh "'""'""•. """• *'"' ~"" "»-»»"•• Tarlou. name, applied to » T, HtZT^T f "»"« »"'•'•'•• "<« '''>'««» b- h«l crueh-breocla. ' •"'*^*""« conflomerate, Pwudo-conglomerate. and ,.o„.!;a^e"rlT.et'^eot:::d"'o^x'r"^ "; ''^ ^^'"'^ -"•"' »' '«»• - order to obtain « arera^e e«3e 1 ''*"'" ""'"" ^■'"•'»"' ""'« »' '»'«' '»«•" •«• 810, A1.0. ; Pc.O, FeO MgO ...........'. CaO Na/) '. Krf) H,0 .'.' CO, ". <1.S9 19.47 1.96 3.07 1.09 2.60 8.32 2.68 1.48 .06 POST-HASTINas INTRUSIVES The Igneous rock. Included under thV. head are «hhr The gabbro occur. In dike. anHn 1 reX mae^Sr^omro", h?.' "'" '""■ the map. »rre»uiar masM., some of which are shown on TZZT' •^"'"^ '"^"" - — "'-. and It 1. probably rock •eld the youngest A few hundreJ yard. northcMt of the rallwav .t.H^- .u «.a dikes, having a light grey or cream-liL ^ Jh y are flne T T'"' '^"''•"" ::r=rr:L:Tj,eirrrs ---- -Za? a^ ^r^.-.t A1,0, FeA PeO . MgO . CaO . Na,0 . K,0 . H,0 . CO, . . MnO . 60.18 27.29 1.31 0.66 .03 .84 4.82 1.37 1.12 .69 Trace 98.31 hi fj^ j li B«rwiu of MiMM N*. 4 li ttstatloMMya AetaftoN 0/ OrcNrUIr tedlmrnti to Xf^traKn.-ln tlia AetlBollt»CloyM WM thi- ■ormal Mee«Mlon of tha OrtBrtlU ladlBwati ia : (1) QuarUito. gnywuiM. rutty sehitt. u4 Iron formaKoB: followed by (» magnealan and BOBmacawtan llmaatoBao. At Ollmoar tbia aneeaaaloa doea Bot appear to hold, aad It la fouBd that iroy gBtlM (altartd creywackC), ruaty achlat and eryatalllB* llmaatoBo i*at auccaaaivaly ob th* i KaowBtlB achlata. BoutbwNt of the pool oflkw, for laataBco. tha grey gnelaa roaU upon j tha inaBBtOBe acblat, there beiag a gradual tranaltloa betweea the two roeka. South aaat of Ollmour the ruaty achlat Ilea directly oa the greeaatoae aebitt. but. where tb- eonlact between tbe two rorka rould bf obaerved. It waa found that the Juncture between tkam waa abarp aad well deflaed. Agala, Immediately aouth of Wadaworth lake, tbe eryiuniae llmeatoBa aeama to lie dIraeUy oa tha greraatoaa achlata, although la plaeea there may be a aoMll thlekaaaa of graywaek« or quarUlta, aow altared to acblatoaa material, lyiag batweea tha two rocka. Aloag thoaa coatacto wa have aot fonad any OTideaee that the Kaewatla graeaatonea are latrualTe lato theaa aedlmoaU, aad It la, therefore, belloTed that tha groenatoaea orlglBally formed a baaemeat oa which the aadlr'ienU were depoalted, la the aame naaaer aa haa already beea deacrlbed at Belmont lake and la the Actlaollte^loyae area. It ta probable that among tbe groaaatoae achlata. which have beea correlated with i tbe Keawatla aerlea, there are later latrualoaa ^f baatc rock which are younger tbaa tbe Oreaville aedlmeaU. Thua, a few milea aouiti of Ollmour atatlon at mlla-poat IT i there occura on the eaat aide of the track a amall area of cryatalllne llmeatoae having | tbe following perceaUge compoaltloa: CaO 62.67, MgO 1.J4, CO, 4S.3S. The greaaatoaa Bear at baad appeara to be latrualve Into thla patch of itmeatone. and la probably of I the name age ai tbe gabbro to tbp nouthweat. which is a poat-Haatinga Intruaive. RelaUon of Hattingt to Keewttin oni OfreNvilt^.— Although bedding planea have not 1 baea recogaiied la tbe conglomerate, thla rock ta eoaaldered to be a true eoaglomeratt oa aceouat of the prtweace of rouad pebblea, which look like water-worn fragmenta. A eontaet of the conglomerate and cryaUlllne llmeatone occura about a quarter of a mile •onthwct of Ollmour railway atatlon where a amall patch of brown crystalline lime- •tone occura. The conglomerate here holds pebbles of tbe limestone, and theae pebbles may alao be seen at several points to the northwest. Their preaence la tbe conglomerate •bowa that an unconformity occura between the crystalline llmeatone and tbe con- glomerate. An analysis of one of these limestone pebbles gave the following reanlts- CaO 22.71%, MgO 14.46'/, . CO, 33.76'/, . Thla U the only place in the Ollmour area where there ia direct evidence of an I unconformity between the Haatlngs conglomerate and the llmeatone member of the Orenvllle seriea. An unconformity is, howeve.. inferred to exiat between the rusty schist and grey gneiss of the Orenvllle and the greenstone schist of the Keewatin. on the one hand, and the Hastings conglomerate on the other, becauae thla unooafor'ilty la known to occur between aimllar rocka in other parts of aoutheaatern OnUrio already deacrlbed. Tbe rocka which yielded pebblea of quarU-porphyry and feldspar-porphyry have not been obaerved In the Ollmour area, but they are present in the Actlnolite-Cloyn* area. ' ReUUion of po»t-Ha»ting» Intrutive* to Keewatin, OrenvWe and ffoafinpa.— The I granite and gabbro Intrude the Haatlngs, Orenvllle and Keewatin rocks, and are tlit-n-I fore younger than these three aeries. The granite may be observed to Intrude the con- glomerate, the crystalllnfe limestone, the garnet-epidote rock and the rusty schist. Tiiei gabbro intrudes the conKlomerate. the crystalline limestone and the rusty schist. It I alao Invades the greenstone schist; this intrusion may be seen at tbe southwest corn(>ri of the map. on tbe south aide of the road. The relation of tbe gabbro to the granite ic not always clear. About a quarter of I a mile east of mlle-poot 92. however, a few granite dikes Intrude the gabbro. showing I that the latter rock is older than the granite. t 7 ■ riX^^V- 1 i > ■UMKAU or MINKS MAP QUEENSBORdl»YRITE AREA TOWNSMPS or MAOOC *«r TLZEVm. HASTINGS COUffTY PROVINCE or ONTARIO r# MCtmptmy Pmrt II, Vdmmu M, lUpmt tf Bmrmu «/ MimM, MS. Hm. W. H. Htmnt, MimiUtr •/ Und*, Wm*m mmd Mimu. WiUet G. Mffler. Prwrineiml GMUgitt. 9caikm: ^ or SOOlWt -.llHfc. Map N9 22 m. «c KOll ou (all Ke9 the «wt ooni thet cryi the? mat eTl4 thef Mdt lake the the thef he I **' ie I been on 4 oonti ■outJ ■torn may show glom CaO unco of tl rust} on tl is ki desci not t area. li grani foie Klonu gabbT alfio -. of th« 1 a mil that ' 1913 The Pre-C«mbrian Qeoloiry ot Southeastern Ontario 89 THE QUEENSBORO IRON PYRITES DEPOSITS and ECONOMIC MINERALS AND ROCKS OF OTHER AREAS INTRODUCTION of mllZ['lTr\^''. "*"""'' °"* ""** "*"'" *=*'""' *" Boutheaatern Ontario a varletj Le In The Nortel h """"''"'" '"'"'' '"•"'""'^ *^ «'«»* «" "» ""^ «'«trlct of like ize on the North American continent. Some of these deposits. Including r^arble and t?"h;"o7cor,d::::ir ^^'^r'/-'-^"*^ *«•«. ^^<^- 57. and ,ron pyrltes%a; toTeJ to be of considerable economic Importance. Prom time to time, during the last flfS Lr* JIm T"'"^'"»"«™"' -<» '-kB have been mined or quarried wlfh vL^ng sS tlte, talc. actlBOllte, mica, marble, ophlcaldte. feldspar, fluorite. apatite corundum Sd^ I tr*"'" >.''°' ''" "' ''"^ ""'^^'^ '"''" '-^ "^« compar^Sve^'sma™ ari included m the map sheets accompanying this report and It will be necessary to c^ d°Le„?rrH' "" '" 'T ^''"^''' """='> "' """"» '^"»'"> *he boundari "7r clo e.y fluiXVnl TTT"" "'"'• ^" °' '•'" ^''°°""= '"»'«'"''«■ ''"h the exception of relJilf/Z/r"' "v^""' "'v"" '"'''' '" *•*" """* '^*»« *"« determination of the ,g. ^nTJ\ ..T • " ' ^"'^ '" '"'"" ^°"°""= investigations, an attempt has not b^n made in this report to give a detailed description of the mineral resources. The 1 «!h H '^^''"^'""^ »«" Queensboro have been inveetlgated in some detail- the ^38crlpUono of these are by Mr. P. E. Hopkins. The notes on the Sophia gold mSe neaJ Queensboro are also from the pen of the same writer IRON PYRITES OF THE QUEENSBORO AREA Of mIJI'T/^""! "'f ""'"'• ^^'^"^^ '" '°"°^*°'^ P*«««' »« '"^^^ to the boundary ture'S'sufn'h'nHT^.M'" l!""™'/" '•"" """ '" ^""^ P^^'tes. which Is used in the manufac- wlth f ,S,t!'1" *""; ^IPy^tes occurs in the Orenvllle sediments in close association P rtv red through the rock. On the whole the felsite Is very fresh-looking and unaltered; but felslte-schlst and felsite-brecclas occur Immediately to the west of the Blakely workings and to the south- west of the Onnadlan Sulphur Ore Company's workings. The brecclatlon. which was 94 Bureau of Mines No. »-.r,. ».,./»„., .uTis^TA',;. "?r.'„; •;«,:" ■-°'""'" "•""■* "» ™ r^r v*^ ,*:? -' H». 46.-Oo»«„ ,t pit No. 4, Cnxliu Sulphur Or. Comp.ny, yue.n»boro. BLACK RIVER LIMESTONE One small remnant of Black River limestone and sandstone, a few feet In thickness es unconformably on the crystalline limestone of GrenvUle age. The Black Hl^r limestone resembles the lithographic type, but is Impure, due to numerous qulr^ grains being scattered through it. f . « lo numerous quartz QLACIAL AND RECENT The direction from which the ice movement took place, as shown by the 8tri« whlcb are well preserved on the hard felsite. is about 30 degrees east of north rarm^Tatd ;Lr;ir* "'" "' """^ ""' '''''' ' '"- "-• -°^'"- «»' No. 41 lie clrculatloEJ garaetlferoui Bill of WlllcJ cture may be the youngest 'nblende wlti ■erlclte aniil be seen botfcl ■'d, the smai; .?*^^ 1913 95 Th e Pre-Cambrlan Qeology of Southcagtern OnUr lo QoMMn There Is often a Hllght depression In the surface Immediately abov« h„ i,„„ .. p;r :: rr- rrs rr- r ~rzBP Mil 'i Li-- ti? Ki«. 47.^.„e™, view „, C.„«„.„ s„,ph„ Or. Co™p.„, •. p^p.^.. ,„„Ki„, northwe... Qu«„shoro. 1 thickness lack Hiver ous quart: Iron Pyrites Deposits strike and dip of the surroundine rLv m . r""""" '" " •'^°^'*' ^^J' ^"h the "rectly without concentrltL u !«„? , , °/ ""' •""■""" '' '*'=*' "°°"«'' *° «"P i-a.,e in the marufa; J re^of sul L c T' VhTjiZ 1"'""'^ ^^""^' ''' °'^"- laterial, containing about -iO n..r olnf , , '. *' '■*°*^^^ """'^ ''«*^' <*«"•» tining fl.«B5per cent. '^ '°'" "' '"""'"'•' *° «»'"='°"« Py'"«« containing about |i JT ''""*""' *'* '^""^"^ '" """'^ •^«^"' ^•'^ «--»« o' the pyrites will be co. trls which I •^ * = Bureau of Mines i Hk 4N.-PBrt o« underirround worklnss, Cmnadlan Sulphur Ore Comiiany, April. IQ13. Quecnsbora. Fl«. 40.-Caiwdian Sulphur Ore Compwiy'a property, lookinar tut Qucensboro. 1913 ThePre-Cambrian Qeolocy of Southoutern Ontario 97 DESCRIPTIONS OF PYKITE8 PROPERTIES Canadian Sulphur Ora Company'H Iron Pyrlten Property This 1« the only property In the area which was being worked In April, 1918. It Include* the north half of lot 9 In the tenth con> salon of Madoc township, the MM half being known aa the Delyea farm. Figs. 47 and 50. Mr. Stephen WelllnRton, noticing the very red soil on the freshly ploughed Delyea farm, decided to prospect for iron ore. On further examination, gossan was found on the hillside, and later merchantable iron pyrites was discovered. In 1906, Mr. E. L. Praleck described this property, then known aa the Wellington prospect, as follows: " A series of pits and trenches have disclosed a b^ of goasaa over nve hundred feet long, two hundred feet wide, and about twelve feet In depth. The gossan Is mainly conglomerate with iron oxide as a cementing material. Certain portions, however, are a fairly fine llmonlte. Here and there throughout this material are found boulders of high-grade pyrite up to twelve inches in diameter. Although th« outside of these Is oxidized, the angular outline is still dlacernible. Prospecting haa as yet failed to reveal the parent ledge."* By sinking shafts Nos. 1 and 2, Mr. Wellington encountered a pyrites lens, from which a carload was shipped In 1908. Later, the Canadian Pyrite Syndicate, under the management of Mr. O. H. ailleapi«, bought the property, Installed a small plant and shipped a few hundred tons of pyrite. In 1909. Mr. E. T. Corklll, Inspector of Mines, saidrt "A shaft has been sunk 60 feet deep on the ore, and drifts started. Another shaft, 75 feet southeast, is 20 feet deep. About 500 tons of ore have already been shipped. Two small boilers are used to furnish steam for drills and hoist." In the spring of 1910 the property was handed over to the present Company, which began shipments three months later and has continued shipping to the present. The workings have been described each year by Mr. Corkill.t Mine Workin(}s\--The pyrites is mined by underground and open-cut methods. The development work ronslsts of three shafts and two open cuts, with some diamond-drill borings. Nos. 1 and 2 shafts, which are 75 and 100 feet deep respectively, are both filled with water at present. All the work is now confined to shaft No. 3 and the two open pita which are shown in the accompanying section. Pig. 48. No. 3 Is a vertical abaft, with a cage and ladder compartment. It is 120 feet deep, with levels at 60 and 120 feet. At the second level there are drifts 75 feet east and 75 feet west in pyrites which runs 46 to 49 per cent sulphur. The largest quantity of the pyrites has come from the open cuts, which are sunk largely In pyrites, although pieces of slate, quarttite and calcite are partially or entirely enclosed In it The surface of No. 8 pit is oval-ahaped, 60 feet from east to west, 26 feet wide and 60 feet deep. Pit No. 4 Is cylindrical In shape, having a diameter of 25 feet and a depth of 76 feet. Many trenches have been dug, but the overburden and gossan are so thick that the unaltered pyrites was seldom reached. A number of diamond drill holes have been put down to a tlepth of about a hundred feet. •Ont. Bureau of Mines Report, Vol. XVI, 1907. p. 161. t " " ■■ Vol. XVIII, 1909, p. 136. * " " " Vol. XX, 1911, p. 109. Vol. XXI, 1912, p. 160. ?}? Bureau of MInm No. 4 th. warkluK. on the .outh .lope of ^rhupn ZL^e^ hni ?n Th '^"^ ""' •Uted. the pyrtUi depoaiU .re m.rfc^ h! -J ? " "" "*•• •*• "''•Bad, thtrtr feet «» d.pth 2? 1 i^tt^ouhe^^„^::^^^^^^^ r'^"" "»•" »*° •« w«..r ch«nn..|. Thn mlnoral Wnra^h ronl^r^ «■ ««"ner«lly well tfeflned .nd form, , ••nrloHrd In the pyrltf. The ntrlk.. of th.. rtll ,,,'""""> '"'"•"' »' •'•'untry rocl, ,r, «. .imo.t yertlc.'uncl,nln. ; in to the^J,„Th '".^:X"i''r;"? "' •""' *'""' ••"■ "'^ dono to >f|„itely outline the depolV. Ci. „.I .^ "' development work ha. h^, feet in width, while the .en«h iTu ite^l 'ed ,r.h.« ^No 1 tT""" 'u" T '° ^'^ ranire from one Inch to 16 feet In thickne.r There .r„i« . k . "'"■"" " ••'" •» No. 5. The „reat bulk of the mine 2 however h./comef:!" ^l """ ''''"^ '" "" •nd 4. Where the loniie are .. wide a« 25 feet Mr 48 "'•""' '""' ^•"- ' — j"*^^r^ — — - ■J — • — -'v^^- ■i> — — — -^..^ -.^;....;;;^ I ^sty Schist Gamtt^hitt re/site _s» whir^rrartSTett o?:ui::r'^it':.'^ '"r°"^- '"^""^^'^ ^»«'^- ^--^ a short distance. The better nualiv of m,n , T!" " ""'''" ""° ""'•♦' ''""»^"" '" handed In places and conia Ins from 46 to « '"'' '' •""■" "" "«"««• '" """"' mineral may depend to some exte„T on h f"" ''°'- "' '"""'"'•■ "^"^ '"■'""•''« "' '"^ small yemiets of quart. cJlCeaS mo e ^^'T"""'' *"« cracks being m,ed with anwlar, black partUrof the ru,tr,nM? 'T'"' '''^«»«"'«^<1 P^ltes. Very small, pyrites lenses. Under the mil cone fh "' "'«'. '"''««""°«t«d through the hlgh-grade serlCte. with some c^o He and J arU Z.'ll^'Z "h "'" '" '''""'*'* '"•^^'^ »' «ua quart.. They may be portions of unreplaced rock. IMJ Ttw Pf^ambfian Qeology of Southc— tarn Ontorto ,h. »,i,rK . ••••! '»«*°»«>n»hlo w.ncl«. hair« trwily .lured the pyrJte. d.pMiU. lvM.« r. !!■ •*•" '»'«'"^»'«««- Th. dr Ulnf Im .1.0 rerenled It .t gre.ter depth.. In pit No. 4. a very little pyrrhotlte -r,. chSyriU were depo.lted at the Mme time .. th. later generation of pyrlte. The dv^JoUu rem thl. pit wv. a trace of nickel There 1. .!«. much pyr L?tlte di.Lmln.ted throufh the ru.ty «:hl.t at the bottom of No. 8 .haft on the "uth .We. t"S rl.t^ «hl.t on analy.l. gave a trace of gold and 17.28 per cent, .ulphur ^ .jor sr„!i»-.=: rL^x'S rvrrrr.-. -'-jr::: The contact of the pyrlt^H and th,- ruHty .rhi.t 1. »on.etlm.. well m.rked . .elv««, hive S""'h'""T*"' """ '*•*•'*'" ""^ »*"• ThU more or Ic. Impervllu. .eivage 3 have Played an Important part In guiding or deflecting the mineral .out on. and tZ H». 81.- Shaft No. .» « »«n .rem top „l .talt No. 2. Cwdtan SMiphup Op, Comwoy. Qu«n.bop«. promoted a better concentration of the Pulphlde On the othpr hnnH „„ .». About 60 men arelmplSS ""'^"•^^°-'' -'''•"'^^ - "K^'ted by e.ectHcUy. ilk 100 Burwu of MiMB No. 4 At th« prrit*. comM from th« min. it I, 4amp«4 on • t«M«, wbtr* It la rakwi wtr Md th. terrtB rock •limlB»t«i. Tb. work of th* ploktr. I. r.elllt»t«l by wubibi tb« «rt BBd dMt from tho pyritN W water from tb* mln* pump. Ptaaa ar« Ulng mad. to traniftr tb. pyrttoa a dlatanc* of about 100 fMt from tb* bin. to tb* rallwar oara br .-b/h.^mI'-' "J'?t°J' v,.**'"* •""•"^ "^ '^"^'^ ^ Tb. OnuNilu Ch*mlcal Com. Pu^r. Hamilton, and to Th* NIchol. Chemical Company. Bulphid*. Tb* buyer. purebaM tb* pyrit*. a. "run of mln*." and do th*lr own alilnr P»rcnaM Tb* Operating Company I. tb* Canadian Sulpbur Ore Company. Limited, of which offlc* la «M J*mrt.n Building. Toronto, and tb* mine addre.. I. Queeneboro Thank. ar* due to Mr. Willmott for p*r»i..ton to mak* u« of the mine plan.. rl H«. »2 -Qu«i.«boro (Btakcly) rron Pyrlte. MIim. n«r Uueen.lmro. Blakely or QuecnNboro Pyritew Mine to ^l ^^t'^f °^ Queen.boro Iron-pyrlte* „,ine. which was the fln.t mine of the kind lownsnip. ng. 52. The mine lies about a mile west nf thn viiio„„ » r> about a mile north of the Canadian Sulphur Ore Compl^^ :'Zy teZTj^X the autumn of ,906. «hl,.ped 6.5 carloads of pyrites running abouHB per^L !utphuV Mr. E. L. Praleck described tli. propert> In 1907 a» follows- • •Ont. Bureau of Mines Report, 191)7. Vol. XVI, pp, 160.1«1. mi Tlw Pw^:iii>rteii q«ology of SouthMMtsrn Ontario KM ' K'^i^ "J**" "**"' •■<• ««»■•>■. th» water wu tmppad At th« bottom ai ik. .h.«t |sl«s=i.s:E:s~KHrt»S5 in thl. country, and the pre^-nth.^h price ranUmonJ/'"'' °-'^»^renc. of Jamenonlf The .bove dewrlptlon Mill appUe.. except that the iranlte referred tn f„ w. fValeok-s description Ih a flne-icralned feUlte which has been delrrllllJTr JiLl^ P.r«„aph. The main shaft Is now s„|d to he ni LTh ? ''*'"'^ '» » preceding w.,.. a lOO-foot drift to the wost":^^e'tJ:L'^ etlXT^ rJo'S^I^'l^^ '"''":^ :;!air.ir,ieTr;rd':n:r ^^^'^- - ''"'■ -" ----^^^^^^ .»:::r;^;r ^::^;::;^ :r ? t^r s:^r ":;,^rr - r ^""''•"• r.nr: ,- r„ ^;;:r/;h^is'';h~^^^^ ^'^^^^^^^^r^^ I .rous schist. Which IS i^rnid :;;L"p. JiJ^re'^dir^r.-^i^e roir: ^"""- The Palmer Iron Pyrltex Depmit The Palmrr property Is the west ;. ,lf of lot ift in >ho .o-.u township. Blu.. crystalline limestone. InLt^d d w th oIcIslalThrlTd "S"*""" wack« and quartzlte. occurs over the greater nart of Thr^^ -T iZ ^' *" ^''^' cut by narrow trap dik.s In tho iL ? , Property. The limestone la ..all^lecesof marLandcr h V::aeK"«"pl "T ^"^ '*•"""• "^^ ..:rn;;ertj^'f— rid~^^^^ 1.P, Which I said to IxpTe a de^Lris trw,,? "''^" ''"'^'^ '"' '""'^ ^ ^" '^^^ ^-^ , •'»t.nTof^stL°'Lrr.r d^mtnd"a;"„m; "AnTl^u' '""""^'^ " """"' """'^ - carloads of pyrites were shipped. '^' ""' "*" '"^ ''""'^' '™» ^»"«h » 'ew Operations have been suspended and the nl«n» h... ..„-» u 102 Bureau of Mines No. 4 «ru „8 and cryataU being lightly cemented by lllm. of calcium carbonate Much of th. pyrites 1. cry8ta^U«d In the form of pyrltohedron. and cube.. Thl. cr^ni^^ecl[^ Mr. Palmer has since uncovered pyrites In a few other places on the property Qencfilfi of the Iron Pyrites Depoitltit Certain Iron pyrites deposits of OnUrlo are closely associated with the iron «„». whle others are to be found along contacts of Igneous rocks with schL or uie^^oT: rocks of the Orenvllle series near a felslte Intrusion weaKness. m No tourmaline was noticed, which would suggest Igneous orleln- hi.f «»ri„„ , quart*, calclte. and highly crystallized pyrites cut the SZlts * fl» I " ' °' on the edge of the deposits may represent ,auU planes ' '" "'"'■'' ''°'"^' tbe The sulphide was probably originally preclplUted In considerable quantity wilt Sw!:. T """". *"'""• '" "** *"'^- " •"« '""P'"''« ^« "J^Po^'ted after TWds J renf; dLZ f . , "f"'' '° "''^"""^ "" ^^« ""'«"""« ^ »»>« -•'ole being ^IZ n h» , the other hand. If the sulphide In the rusty schist Is secondary, pyrite', Sedated tZ t^^lZr'l' ''' ""*" ""' ^""""•^^'-^ »"« fn^innents mt ' orecciated beds, this condition, however, does not always exist. Nevertheless nvrite, at times, forms the ground mass In this brecclated material and often cm .^^1^6 «*.«?!♦ fKwf '*"""* ** "'^'' '" ■""»•»"•• One sample, across six feet of ru.tj tni tTl,nTcl''"r- \T'' °" ''^ ^"**»""' «"""•- Ore company's p^ Sr« fn "^ °' ^"''••""■- "^ """"P'^ ""O" six feet, near the surface of pit i c^nt o sul/hurVt'hf.^'"'' *°? ^T'' "" ^"'^ •"""^ '"^'^ -"'«' •>-"■ ^ave": 'i; cent, or sulphur. A third sample, taken across 20 feet on the surface at nit No ar» Zr^T- k' '"','*''"• ^'•' '"" «'"^''"' "'-t^-t near the surface iJdue to^ pyrites having been leached out by surface waters I— J* '* apparent that the pyrites occurs sufficiently abundantly In the ru.tv ^hl« i ThUl^ t , . ^ "'*'■* ""* ^'""**"' «»'«'ty material may be the equivalents of .the pre<;ambrlan Iron formation. Jaspllyte. In other areas. equivalent. | The Pre-Cambrian Oeoiogy of Southc—tern Onurio 103 The pyrites has been concentrated along fracture sones, produced by th« f«wiin. .f the «hUt and by Igneous Intrusions, which form favorable ^^ . for ie J«^^ tlon of the Iron and sulphur-bearlng solutions. "^^ That the felslte and lode, are Intimately related Is Indicated by the fact that th. Iron pyrites deposlU are always not far distant from the felslte After th«ni,f ' depositee further sharing too. place along these l.nes oJ taUn^ wh hTre'la'^ part of the pyrites together with some of the wall rock Thi. f,. f ,"'*"' brecclated Pl.ee during the Intrusion of ^.e varlou trap d^LsIn thiwc ^uT v' '""""' "^^ crystallised velnlets of pyrltes^together with, L^ e2te tl .h^crrT "f' attle pyrrhotlte traverse the fractured pyrltes'and at times Zt^ e trwall"!' The pyrites appears to occr in at least three generations. "*• 1 I; ~t«d with Iron pyrlte. On. nicol In pUi„. c«»d..n Sulpiiur Ore Comiwnyi property. Concluston J21 Bureau of Mine* No. 4 »• Iron pyrltea Indiutry in Onturlo, while unall compared with the nickel >ii,» SinCir'T"' " "^•"»''«'«» •' 'mPorUnce. .. the^llowln, ute of iStS oompUed (Tom Reporu of the Bureau of Mines, will show. »»»»««, JWie •kovt.v the Production and Value of Iron Pyrite, in Ontario for the Thirteen Yean 1901—1913. 1901 ■ '^'"'■- Value. 1902 : H2; '"'600 IMS *•"* ".993 im '^'325 21,886 I5ot 11.090 40,583 im "■'^56 61,842 im 20.970 69.980 mo 28.946 78,170 mi 33.812 98,363 lii" ::::::::: n^^i iim67 1018 20,744 71,043 *" 71.620 171.687 "^"^ 286.182 1819,902 fill Fl». »^ Cordova cold nrine. nrill .nd ■taft-houMi. Bciniont township, Peterborough couaty. 1913 Th« Pre^:«mbri>B Oeotogy of Southeastern Ontario 105 MISPICKBL A^n^^J'l^i^^^V^''. """""-^o" »' ^Wte arsenic from the mlqilekel and qnarti ir^Ll L Jr'J"-?*!^"^ '""'°*'' '"""••' " •°"~'^* '"t Of the white a'3. wh^h !J "»« North American continent.' In 1902 the output of thl. material. hi^iJL ^Jh »1T' '""'''''"• " '*" *" »«.420.00. and by 1904 the Company .n^-TiTx u ""• .®''* "*"*"* '•'•' '"' mentioned year 72 ton. of arsenic contained SeTJTiTi, ' 7'"/"* * "'" "" •" ''^^ production of arsenic In Ontario, which. In the year 1912, was valued at about $79,000.00. atth«V~!l!^!«**™ ^^'^° ^"'^ *™ "^ "•"'**•*' •" °>»»P»»kel which are being worked at the present Ume. During the period when the Canadian Ooldflelds, Limited, at DelonL w^e1!;?„", "^ T. Z^ "^'"^ '""°"'' ■""*"' '"^'' ^'^^^'^ "» *»>« lmm;dlara.S rZiiToMr?'™,''- ^''"''" r '^'''- *"*'"""'"^ ^""'^ »' "»« Canadian Ooldflelds, wS ofT« wi '^" "i"'* '''*" «"'t*lnlng gold and mlsplckel. all occur near the contact lirJTZ '. fc ^' "^ '**'"^""' "' •^""" '"'°^'' «" *•>« Molra granite, which corers MadT^n h!^^, " "'•'"''" '"""'• *•"* ""*=""*"" ^^'^ »' ^•'^ »°^''«'»'P'' <" Marmora an" Madoc in Hastings county. The quarte veins and their associated minerals are probably connected genetically with the granite intrusion. prooawy •n f?^^'", t^'^^ °' mlsplckel occur at the following places: (1) The Jeffry prospect, r^ni^.^o * """^"f"'' •" ^""d^y towmihlp. seven miles west of L'Amable steUon Actlnollte Hastings county; (3) Kenneflc property, lot 7. In the fifth concession of Anglesea township, Addlngton county; (4) Rebstc . property, lots 2 end 3, In the fifth concession of Kaladar township. Addlngton county; (5) Cook property, located five miles southeast of Plevna village. Clarendon township, Frontenac county. Details con- cerning these properties are given In an article by J. Walter Wells. In the Eleventh Ke» irt of the Bureau of Mines, pp. 101-105. FLUORITE Several veins of fluorite. or fluorspar, varying In width from a few inches to six or seven feet, occur within a radius of two or three miles of the village of mLoc on V idTcrn? """!■ ""^.IV:, ''°"'''"'°" '''^' «'"»"''«'"'" township, lot 1, conces;io; age since one of them Intersecte limestone beds of the Black River formaUon. The others occur m various rocks of pre-Cambrlan age. Including felslte and crystalline limestone AsMclated with the fluorite U barite In subordinate quantity. "mestone. The usest of fluorspar depend primarily on its cLemlcal composition and its neutral U alw uMd m the iiu»it«,tnr« of Mnltarx ware and for other purposes The effect of fluorspar Is. in addHIon to reducing heat and time of smalt In Iron •teel »«uf*et»r.. to MtUt llmlnatloa of .ulphur and phcplorul "' >?Riassii%sStr^!f'j».»j.^sr' °"*- "^^ ^ «»• HW Bureau of Mines I No. 4 IRON ORBS The Belmont and Blairton Iron Mines utter. U .. '^>^!^\Tl:\^Ll:^Znr^?^Jr!^'''r '^'^ "' ^•'"' Survey, however, states ,h7t Jn ma or! wJ ll* ^l*"^ "' '''' ^'*'"'*""» Q**"-"^**' A second opening, also fill of wlLr Z 7„ th ^K '''' """"^ * ''^'«'' «' "0 feett in Bl,e. Like most oTZmL^^Z'llV^''''rV' ***' ""'' **"* '" '»"«''' <«»«»«' objecuonable amountl of "orpyes rh^JTrlL **,''" u' °'*''^" "'^ '"-'«""' at Mu.mora. gave rise to dlfflcuTtUs " '^ "'**'"'"" *° ■""*'* *"« «'« buttrfLlSo^lnTrrm^trrrM:^^^^^^ - -^ -- - -^ .eagr. Survey, will give some Idea of tSl amounlof o™ .. ^°'*' "' ''' ^*"»''""» ««"°«^«^ tlon Of railway eight miles long was bS It fZ «rt "* ""' '"' '»«"»''«• « -<=■ Trent river; the ore was transi^rt^dfr^mtK!. *""""' *° """'y"" *•»»»■ <"» the lake, and from the latte^ laceTo^w™;'';^'; dTst""' ^T "" '"^*'"^" '" «'- that year 300 men were employed St^^U and s'ortln, th *''i"' ""'*''• °""'« Of the season 150 tons per day iere Srr^ed t« r k °''' ""^ *'""'"*' ""' ««"» American side, where the cargo wrfoTwIrdeH ♦ ~» I*' *"" '"'"* "•"^ed to the employed 136 men who produce^lT^l^ ZTL'lI^^Tu^m LZ 'T '^"^ A few years later. In 1873, the output of the mJlrlTJ. f ""* ""'"'• other iron mine in the countn^ and is «^IH tVh " "^^^^ *•"*" *»*»» <>' "»? July of that year the ore wa7X shCd to «« ?"""?* '" "'""^ '"'"»« »»»•• I» a day. Incomplete as the«e"ta«stiL »~ ?f . "!'»*"''«' ** "»« "»»« of 300 to 400 tons 100.0. tons Of ore; .^T^^ J^ llZl'TJ^tT ""^ --"-— The coBt ot labor in those days makM .. •«» wages. During the year 1873. for InTinre 160 menT^ """""* *'"* ""^-^ "»' receiving $1.20 to 1.30 per day a Jrd.ng S Z ZuTl^r''^'^'" '"^ ^'"'''"'• . were engaged. They were furnished with colti^ .K^ ^ "' *'"''' '"''"«•» ^''^tx yet. in spite of these low labor cosU TomD«r?^»h **' ""* "' »"** P"' "«"»"«• And about that Ume referred to the S^'^Zll7!^f"^,Vl «*=^*''"'"' » ^''^' ■»' ;g:oTI«^^^?n-V.'nr» - ^'- «— ' H.^„re.. o, Ontario; t«o.'pp. „,.«,, >i,^. 1913 The Pre-Cambrlan Qeology of SouthcMtern Ontorio 107 The dlfflcnltles under which these pioneers In the smelUns of iron «» i.iw.--i m,".*"'"" '!."•' """"•' "*• **" »' »"• »' them Mr "I" Nomln " "in S, ?J?^ putting in machinery, ovens and Wowlnir apparatus, erecting and repalrln. hVl^^ cutting cordwood and making charcoal for fuel, he got the furnir.uJ.5 if t^ summer Of 1848 But the amount of Iron produc;d from a^ven ZVt?^ fuS Z a sad disappointment, and nothing but disappointment and loss attended ^.JL,- ^ter the iron was made It had to he cartej'a dlsUnc\"%?;.? fJo'tZSe Tv^ rd^h^H ''■'1°:!""'^ •""* '^'"' ~ "•«««' *•"»» *«««" were consUnUy bL-^M tere such r.t .t '"'^"7''"' '•""*"' °" '"'"^" *•>« 'o'" «* stones S, oSSSS were such that It was found Impossible to bear up under them, and a new routew^ tried^ A road nine miles long was built from the ore bed on Cro^ lake to HealT. iJ^ on the Trent river; a steamer on the river carried the plgTon to Rice iLp^ thence It was carted twelve miles to the dock at Cobourg The cost S caJri Jf h; ^f siroUrura^d's^i^a;^^^^^^^^^^ ^one settled the question of producing charcoal IroJ In the ZrTce eZVT^Z^Z rkivrrsiif ir^.^' ""- "^- '- ""— c^st^cr;": ^ident that exceedingly little has been, orTbelng, done in the way oM^n'sllM '" ^^-^.Z I'n trProTnceT^— c-^^^^^^^^^^ -f ^rLp^-f rn=ot:; '^cr :r='- ~ r '-' '- ^ --"- -- .eems little doubt thar with p^Lr mal! » r*" '"''' drawbacks, however, there many locallOe. ^^' management. Iron might be proflUbly made in worth from $6.00 to |9.00 a ton In Cleveland ^^ !» f ". ^ ^"^^ *^* ore In the year endlnc Jnnn <«ft ibtV .L • •• • The total production of Iron Whole Of the ore shipped h« iTn LmTur " fl^e mini r'*""" '^""- ''""'^ «>• diamlrdriSurwlTvl'^wt^ «c'e;S:nLT;hr f r? ""'"^ ••'" »•-•> -^•-- "- tlons have not as yet resulted itt^active wo jLrS^^^^ ""' ''" '^''^- ''''''^ ^^'^ oZa.^^ the M.e. Braneh.'''S;m"wSrSre^r:^irrs*-.rS centrU:: of'^n'^o.^^'frfm'v.rrCrTi^Tr''^ '"^ '"« — "« - Belmont ore bodles-J "^ '*" *" °°**''*°' Including the Blalrton and The Mines In the Vicinity of iVIadoc -eposTi^rhJti^I^'eran'd^^Se^r:?',;^^^^^^ «>- - "-- time. Among these may be mentlone" lie S^mIn7o„ th!^ '"* """'^^ ** ">« »««»* the 8ex«nlth. mi of which pro*.Sl m^JSS "^J toe wIS "*" ^^ «''"»«'^ «« ^own a. the Eldorado copper mine. thfT^^tr hlTCgS L^' Zi^t^ '"^ tQj?*'8^!"Si?!*?S7§l'7rS li?'"* «••»"«•• o' OnUrto. 18.0, p. M," Mjj™. our. v^., i«7S-74, p. J87. v^'iMtrw, is«u. p. JIl. m. Iron and Steel Iniuetry of Ontario nth »«»„,<»« "'g jj j^ "mario. I7«li Report. Bureau of Whes of Ontario. I 1 ■-{I'J ■ I 108 Bureau of Mines No. 4 h V' A.P0.1U occur in cryrtmlllne Hmeton. »d other '•««*•."?'/•'• J^r^JhSr'^JSl' «mlte. Th«y were coinp«r.tiTely ■mall producei*. and It li doubtful If thrtr oomMned SSuT-am^n'ted to lOO.oS ton.. Borne attention wm att^^ to »•" ^» "»o» »^ »» lot 2. conceMlon 11. Madoc townehlp. In 1192. by the discovery of .mall •»»«•«"•• »' .maltlte and cobalt bloom.* which mineral, at that time were of rare »«,^""«"" '" ^^'J"; The mamethe 1. awodated with Tolcanlc fragmental rocta elaned with the Madoc ande- Se Sflhyolite. The Seymour mine, on lot U. conce«lon V. Madoc town.hlp.WM on. of t " earlleet producer, of Iron ore In Ontario. Ore from thl. property -^ •^"««J Madoc vinws m 1887. In that year a blaat furnace wa. erected by Mr. 8«J'»»"' "J acSrdlnt tTfOTWiimwit report, an excellent grade of Iron wa. produced. alUiough ^iSr^w^S^ operated for about eight year., wa. not a «-ncla '.cce-t Th. St Charle. mine, which 1. .Ituate on lot 4. con. VI. of Madoc town.hlp occur, in . complex of rock., which to the north a few hundred yard, are .een to con.l.t of volcanic fragment material. To the ea.t of the ore body le«i than 100 yard., an o«;«>~P »' J^ maMlve Molra granite occur.. At the SexMnlth mine, on lot 8. concclon VII of Madoc S^.hlp JhTi^etlte occur, at the contact of a flne.gralned. pink, acidic pha« of tie Madoc rhyollte. and cry.talUne llmeetone. Ju.t to the northeaat of the ore body a fine- grained fel.lte dike Interact, the crysUlUne limestone. The W-lorado copper mine, near Eldorado village, townehlp of Madoc. wa. orlglnaUy worked for hematite, but the ore gradually pa..ed with depth Into Iron and copper sul- phlde.. proving that the hemaUte wa. an alteration Prod««=t due to the -^^^:^ ^'■'^'l tog of the .ulphldee. The oxldUed .one varied between 60 and 80 feet In depth. Mr E. L. ??a°eck has some Interesting remaVks on this subject:* " Several hematite localities In ELtem OnUrio are known to be underlain with pyrite. depo.lt.. The.e J«je " yet been unexplored, but In years gone by various hematite properties ^^ T"'''^^,^"' '^ ore until contamination from pyrite became so great a. to prevent further shipment.. wh;n to eve^lnetance the property wa. abandoned. The -'^^^^^'\^'^Z JZitl varied between 50 and 70 feet From the bottom of the largest hematite deposit In Eastern Ontario, the writer ha. .een piece, of ore with an Inner core of Jl^h P-ade pyrite upwards of a foot In diameter. In some In.tances the ore consist, ot the soft red Sematlte and to other, the hard d n.e pyrite. There seem, to be no doubt that th«« hemattte depo.lt. were at one ttaie the gossan capping of the sulphide ore bodies hematite ae^^ one case of this kind has development taken place, namely, at he indorado copper mine, where It has been shown that a hard dense hematite ha.re.ued Trom the alteVltlon of a copper and Iron sulphide underneath. The depth of alteration there varied between 60 and 80 feet" The deposit occurs to crystalline limestone at the contact of f « j;!*™"''^ '"^f ,^ Molra granite, oval to surface ouUlne. and about half a mile In length by BOO or 600 te^ to^r In other parts along this same conUct occur small deposits of magnet te. Si U mly^so^ added^ the Richardson gold mine, which was worked to the sixties. occurs to crystalline limestone near the contact with the granite. bladed cryBtaU and earthy S??h'»yh J^led so many ywTri to the action of weather. Little red and pink tint, of ct^or » ^^ough expgaed »» maoy jSd thl. mineral appear, to have been nuiMes of earthy erythrlte also occur, n""!f,j"Yti'"'Tha .maltlte. of a tin white color on a ^ely derived from the alteration of ■maltlt* etc. tm^ ^, ^^^ j S?ftii\'SSkf£lSS^.^?^'?^\':ih:rC'Mno'1Sri^ la th. iron or.." Report ::3rsMS v^^^^^ ^»^.?is:.urt^.«Ai^M:»« •SJwherJln the vldnlty of the vlflage. tOeology of Canada, 1S«I. p. •78. tOnt. Bureau of »Une^ Vol. XVI, p. 1»S. 1913 Th« Pi»-C«mbrUn Qeoiogy ol 8outh«MtorH OnUrlo 109 M j M, «. T CorklU • in»k« th« tollowtng notm on th« lldormdo ooppw property: "ThU «!« ;S^« SSn-.r open- for Iron, bat which h« '« 'J-*-* ««»'• - T^bMn work«d for copper. It owned by the Medina Oold Mining Comply. . . . STorL 2SyrUe.3 ;- found .t . depth of 76 fe«. dl.pl«ln« the h..n«tU.. wh'ch WMtltuted ie ore body to thto depth. Some yery toe .ample, of chrtcodtj •» I^^loSSnrSe ore. The north or h»>.in. wiJl of the ore body »•««»«••"**;• l^T foo" wall crytalllne llmeetone. The ore body mn. '-^ "^^f *» * JJi^J STfl-ure. in the contact between the granite and Umertone. The open <« J'"*'* to. Iron 1. 75 feet In depth. Prom thl. level a .haft ha. been .unk 76 feet, with drifU Sd^Jii^uuTdiie^nflevel.. At a depth of 86 feet In t^e J«ft a le^l J« J^J SKeTand 106 feet of drifting done. Twenty feet deeper In the .haft •«"^J"J«^«J hM tL mn and 170 feet of drifUng done. At the 'M~V'^"L?'"*» "It L ?ow« dStST The ore body, which occur, a. a .hoot. dip. to the ^o^^^J'K^'^^" terel driftrhave been Jun into it and .inhing on It ^»^J>-'^-- - ^'o ihe T-- .melter in caatern Ontario wa. blown in at thi. property on June 25th. 1»06^ The fur iwe 1. wuUi of the mine, on the .ide of the hill, which furnlshe. ample ground for . ag Tmp and?. .o7it«ated that the bringing arm derriclc used for hoisting ore from the mine dump, the oro at the door leading to the charging floor. The furnace 1. four feet . h!-!L«Z «l«d water-lacketed. manufactured by the AUiB-Chalmer. Company, of Chitr^';<,~^ :urrro^;r .ty.e of .ettier. and ha. a capacity of about 50 ton. m.r •!» The heirtt from baro of furnace to charging floor i. 12 feet. •"' TTthr.Lt? o'ti^Eldorado copper mine two mile., occur, the Wai.bridge hematiU depo.it bP-ide the Hasting, road. The large open pit 1. partly filed with water at the «rLent Ume and thero 1. .cant reference in the literature to the mine. The ore body ha. LTllTSdt « r,;;ge mass of ore in dolomite with no defined wall.." Mr. Cour^ TayDeKS inspected the property in the year 1900. and «.id: " Thl. mine, on Oie ^ut « mlHng proceed.. The depth from the edge of the pit to the worlcing place U '" ''Tf^'it be assumed that the hematite at thi. property i. the gossan '"■Wir^l^" 'f' nhlde denoslt then it may be noted that the oxidised xone in sulphide ore bodies in Li?heiTn oi^rio I. generally not «, deep a. that at the Wallbridge and Eldorado mln^ ™. may be due'to the fact that at theee two propertie. the oxidUed .one wa. partly protected from glacial scouring by the covering of Paleozoic sediments. The UUer completely surround the ore body at the Wallbridge mine, leaving an opening Ltoul the Jize o^ the pit. The Paleozoic .edimenta al.o surround the Eldorado copper mine, but are distant from halt a mile to a mile from It. •Ont. Bureau of Mines. 190«, Vol. XV, Part I, p. 90. tReport of the Royal OommlMlon on the Mineral Resources of OnUrlo. 1890. p. 1»». tBureau of Mines. 1901 Vol. X, p. 129. no Bureau of MIiim No. 4 aOLU MINES AND PROSPtsCTS "^i The Cordova Uold Ml ic The Cordova gold ntlne U in the township of Belmont, at the eastern border of Peter- borough county. The property was worked for several years by an English company, but operations ceased In the fall of 19C3. It then lay idle until about three yean ago, when the mine was unwatt-red and worked by Mr. Peter Kirkegaard, of Toronto. The property is equipped with a mill having 30 stamps of 850 pounds each, 6 WUfly tables, and a cyaniding plant for treating the concentrates. A compressor, capable of generating 800 horHe power, Ih located at the foot of Deer lake about two and a half miles north of the property, where a waterfall Is utilised. The orf-bod'es occur In a coarse-grained gabbro-dlabase which Invades the Orenville and Hastings series. The veins are of quartz, with which are associated Iron pyrites, feldspar and calclte. The wall rock has been alter ;d to a chlorite-schist, or chlorite- mica schist, sometimes 60 feet wide, there being a gradual transition between the fresh gabbro-dlabase and U • schist. The latter Is impregnated with quartz veinkts, parallel to the schistosity. Consequently there is not a definite boundary line between the ore and the shistose wall rock. The ore body is low-grade, the hand-culled material which is treated in the mill averaging between |5.00 and $6.00 per ton. The deposits may have been formed by hot solutions which followed the Intrusion of the gabbro-dlabase. There are several shafts on the property, two of which have reached depths of four or Ave hundred feet, while some of the stopes connected with shaft No. 1 are twenty feet or more in width. Details of the underground workings will be found in the reports of the Bureau of Mines. The Deioro Mine Reference to the Dcloro gold and misplckel mine, in Marmora township, has been nmdo on a preceding page. This mine, probably the best known gold property In south- eastern Ontario, Is outside the bcundart " •ld. In a report written a doien years ago, Mr. Courtenay De Kalh, then Inapector of Mines, said:* "There are two veins on the property, vis., the 'mlaplckel vein,' with a course due north and south, :»d the ' free milling vein," running north-west and aouth-«aat The workings consist of the foUowIng; On the mlaplckel vein. No. 1 shaft, with a croaa- sectlon of 9 by 18 feet, and a depth of 60 fett. Drifting haa Just commenced at that depth. Hoisting Is still done by hand windlass operating a bucket on a skldway. On the free milling vein Is the principal working shaft known aa No. 2. Thla haa Hb. JtH.-Soph'a (INamond) «oM mine. Lot» 14 and 18. conccasion 10, Madoc townablp. Haatlna* county. a cross-section of 9 by 18 feet and a depth of 105 feet. There are two levels, the 60-foot and the 100-foot. On the 60-foot level there Is a north-west drift 20 feet long and a south-east drift 10 feet long A sklpway was being Installed, and an Inclined trestle carried the tiack to the upper part of the mill, where was located the hoisting tnglne. The skip will thus be drawn directly from the mine Into the mill and then dumped. No. 3 shaft Is also on the free milling vein. This Is 60 feet deep with the same cross-section as the other shafts The equipment comprises a 7 x 10-Inch Blake crusher, 10 stamps of 900 Ibe. each, a Wllfly concentrator, a 70-h.p. return flue boiler, and a 50-h.p. Corliss engine. There is also a blacksmith shop 100 feet south of abaft No. 2, and an assay office 150 feet south of this shaft." Operations were suspended from the spring of 1901 until 1908, when Mr. E. T. Corklll states that, at the time of his Inspection, July 27th, 1908, the No. 3 shaft waa being unwatered and the mill overhauled. •Tenth Report nur. of Mines. 1901, p. 117. 112 BurMiu of MlaM No. 4 No further work hM bMn dona. RefaroncM to this property najr b« found ta tho toUowlBg Bunas of MIboo lUporta: Vol. 7, pp. IMS; Vol. I. pp. 4t, MM: Vol. M. p. 117; Vol. 11, pp. 109. SOO, 116; Vol 17, p. U. Prospect pits are shown on the map about throe-quarters of a mile to t^e southeast of the Diamond property. Some rieh gold samples came out of the pit on tne east side of the road, lot IS. concession 11. Madoo ^.ownahlp. Oolda w Plaaca The Ck>lden neece mine, on lot ii in the sixth ooneeoaion of the township of Kaladar, was worked In a small way several years ago, but the low-grade nature of the ore body has not encouraged extenslTe Exploration. In IMl the senior author of this report vent r few weeks in southeastern Ontario examining the gold deposits, and his report was pnMished in the EleTonth Report of the Bureau of Mines, pages 186-207. The fol- lowlBC la as extract from this article: "The deposit lies near the contact of the dlortte schist and a conglomerate. The ore is found in association with the schist where It occurs in quarts in the form of a vein, and in quarts more or less mixed with the schist. A shaft about 26 feet deep has been put down on the vein, and there is a pit of ooualder* able site in the schist Material taken from these openings waa milled, with what Is claimed were satisfactory results. The sulphide in the ore is pyrlte. The schist which strikes southwestwari! contains quarts stringers through it for a considerable distance along the strike. Exposures of quarts also occur on the more northern part of the prop- erty. Very rich specimens of gold-bearing quarts were obUined at the top of the shaft when the property was discovered. At the present time there is no diOculty in obtaining ' shows ' of gold by panning the quarts and impregnated schist. The deposit cannot be considered a high-grade one. Any attempt to work it should be made on the assump- tion that it Is a large low-grade ore body." Later work has shown that the diorite schist referred to belongs to the Keewatin greenstone series and the conglomerate to the Hastings serlea. The plant constats of a 3-drlll compressor, a hoist, a SO-h.p. boiler, and a 10-etamp mill. In 1907 the shaft was sunk to a depth of 86 feet vertically, and about SO feet of cross-cut driven. No development was done in drifting on the vein on the 85-foot level. The ore milled in that year was taken from surface workinfs.* Other Qold Depoalts Descriptions of other gold deposits of the district, n ,t of which do not He in the areas we have mapped, will be found In the reports of the Ontario Bureau of Mines and in those of the Geological Survey of Canada. •Report. Buivau of Mine*. Vol. XVII. p. 83. J if ^.♦^ ^ f9l« The PfCambftow Oeolocy of SouthcMtem Owttrlo Its f '« TALC A IMM body o« Ulc. known «• th« Hmderwn Ulc min*. Flf. M. l« loenUd on tte lovtborn ontrttrtt of tho town of Mndoc. lU pcltJon being rtown on tho nnp of tho ■rtn. UnUl nbout two yonr. ngo thli mtno wm tbo only importwrt p.-oduwr of tn^o In Cnnnda. nnd It hM tberefor. nttmcted conoldemblo ntttnUon. The MiiUnco of tbo dmodt h«n bwn known for flftMn yenw or moro. but It U only within the la*t B^J*<>n tbnt It hM developed Into n tow producer. The euceeea of tho talc Induetry at Mndoo li due to the untiring eiforu of Mr. Ooorge H. OtIleiple. The mnterinl. of which thore to lltUe or no wMte. Ii dmwn In wngona to tho tnle Bill »t the railway etntlon In the Tlltoge of Mtdoe. where It If ground tad aoparated Into vartoua gradee. The talc to the muaWe Tarlety. with a preralllng white color. The depodt occura In a brown. Quart«>«e. crystalline llmeetone of the OrenyUto lerlee, an analyeto of which ihowe It to have the following composition: CaO 2».2» per eent. MgO IHI per cent., CO, 48.« per cent, luaolnble 4.«« per cent The tate has a width which rarlea from » feet « less to 40 feet, and It has been mined a dto- tance of about 600 feet horUontally. but the extent of the body has not yet been deter- mined In the underground workings. The surface on every side of the hill on which the property to located to eovered with drtft. The crysUlllne limestone on both ■ideo of the deposit contains bands of white quarta several feet or more wide, often having the eoioon structure shown In Fig. 4. A horisontal plan shows the talc to occur In tha form of a horseshoe, or the letter "V." due to the straU having been sharply folded. :t Is certain that the ulc has resulted from the alteration of the magneslan lime- itone. since many parts of the occurrence still show distinct traces of the original bed- ding. But the various changes which took place, before the deposit reached lU present condition, are not altogether clear. It Is probable that the limestone was first altered to tremollte. which later U e changed to Ulc. At any rate th nrocess can be seen to have played at least some part In the formation of the material, m may be observed in the crystaUlne llmeetone ftfty or a hundred feet from the deposit. Here hand specimen, may be obtained whl«sh show tremoUte In the limestone, and It may be seen that the tremollte Is altering to talc. The ultimate production of talc from magneslan limestone requires the IntrodurUon of silica and water and the removal of lime. The silica and water may have been sup- plied through the Intrusion of the Molra granite, which no doubt gave off slllca-hoIdlng wateia. The granite occurs several hundred yards to the east and west of the deposit. If however, the original magneslan limestone contolned sufficient quarts, the talc might have been formed through the agencies of regk»al metamorphltm. I.e., heat, pressure, and circulating water, In which case It would not be necessary to suppose that the granite Intrusion had any genetic connection with the deposit. The Connolly talc property, owned by the C'.nadlan Talc and Silica Company, occurs s few hundred feet to the northeast of the Henderson Ulc mine, on an adjacent lot Very little work has been done on this deposit, but, although the Intervening area to drift-covered. It would appear that the two deposits may be continuous. Powdered talc* Is used In the manufacture of toilet powders, of soap and of various kinds of paper- " Is readily Incorporated, and lU fibrous structure makes It superior to f^lay on account of Us strength. Powdered talc Is also coming Into use for admixture In wall plastera, in waterproof paInU, and In steam-pipe coverings. It Is also used for foundry facings and facings of rubber moulds, and for the dressing of skins aud leathers. Por the sUlng of cotton cloth, freedom of grit is more esaentlal than any particular color, so as not to dull the cutting knives. In the form of soapstone. It Is used for griddle , hearth stones, gas tips, marking pencils, switchboard panels and other electrical uses. •The Mineral Industry. 1911, p. 819. ■1 -1 114 Buraau of Minas No. 4 TiM •Utiitiea regv4lBf Uie. prtpwtd bjr th« BurMH of UIbm, ihow tlwt Mat 40.000 tons of tiM matPTtal bsv* b#«D mined during the ream 1I00-1I13, InelutiTt. almost •U of whirh cMBo from the Hen4«raon taio mlna. Tha balance waa obtained troa dafMMlta at KIdorado and Oananoqup. It wai not until September, lOOl, that th« malarial waa tround In Ontario. In that jrcar tbo UIc mill began operationa at Madoo under tiM managrm<'al of Oeo. H. Ollleapte. and the fullowlng tabl« ahnwa the rapid iucreaae ia the production of tha material aft^r thia date. It may be added that in 1011 a plant for grindlnic talc waa erected at Eldorado by the Canadian Talc and Silica Companf, Limited, wbleh ia now pro4ueing. the cn<1e UIc being obtained near the Ttllago. » Tatle Bhowing ProdHcUon of Talc in Soulhriutern Oatitrl >, 1S09-I011 Taw. Tom. Valup. WW too I 600 1»0« 1,000 6,000 IWl 400 1.400 l*Of OOT 930 1»0« 920 2.«26 1»4 UU t.919 1»06 1.120 2.240 1»0« 14536 8.030 1M7 1,870 5,010 1908 1,018 3.048 190i( 4.360 8.700 1910 6,824 46,6»2 1911 6,404 47.7^5 1912 8,7iS 8U6S 1918 8,238 74,601 Total 40.213 1266.577 116 Bureau of M!ncs No. 4 ' ftg. 87.— Open nil HcndcrMin talc mine, Madoc, Hastincs comity. 1913 The Pre-Cambrian Qeoltvy ol Southeastern Ontario 117 ACTINOLITE Large bodies of actlnolite occur In the townshlpB of Elievlr and Kaladar In Hastings »nd Addington counties. Hundreds of tons of the material, with which U often asso- ciated serpentine or Ulc, have in past years been ground, and used for roofing purposes. Buildings in several cities of the United SUtes are roofed with this material. None of the occurrences are at present being worked. Seven of the lore Important open cuts, from which the actlnolite has been shipped, are shown on the map.* Some of these occur on lots 4 and B in the seventh concession of Elievir township, about three miles east of the village of Actlnolite. The material here is clearly a metamorphosed basalt, or other greenstone, of the Keewatin series, which has been altered by the great Intruslan of Laurentlan granite-gneiss. The latter sends Immense dikes into the greenstone and holds great blocks of it In places the greenstone has been entirely altered to serpentine, which conUlns stringers of asbestos a fraction of an inch In width. This may be seen on lot 4 in the seventh concession of Elievlr. The largest belt of actlnolite occurs on lots 7 and 8 in the eleventh concession of Elsevir, crossing into lots 8 and 9 In the first concession of Kaladar. The actlnolite here has associated with it little or no serpentine. The origin of this belt is not as clear as that described in the preceding paragraph. As will be seen from the map, it occurs ib the form of a lens a mile and a half long and six or seven hundred feet wide, closely infolded In the Hastings conglomerate. Here and there parts of the belt show small patches which in their texture suggest that the lens was originally an altered gabbro or other basic rock. There is, however, considerable ferruginous carbonate or dolomite Intimately associated with the actlnolite i;f this lens, and the authors have kept in mind the posfiWlity that the lens is an altered crystalline limestone. Some of the actlnolite appears to be suitable for decorative purposes, as, for example, the lens which occurs on lot 12 in the second concession of Kaladar, four miles southwest of the Tillage of Flinton. This occurrence is found at the contact of a mica and chlorite schist and granite. The actlnolite here has a beautiful radiated texture and some large blocks have been quarried and shipped from Kaladar station. Actlnolite was first ground in Ontario for roofing in 1883 at the village of Actlnolite, which, at that time, was called Bridgewater. The process consisted of crushing in a Blake crusher and grinding in attrition mills to 60 mesh without destroying the fibre, water power being obtained from the Skootamatta river. A proportion of mica was added to increase the bond. When applied to a roof, eleven gallons of coal tar, or its equivalent, were mixed witli 100 pounds of the ground material and the mixture was spread on the roof while hot, the total thickness, Including the felt on which it was spread, being halt an inch. For six or seven years after operations began in 1883 the value of the output was $6,000 per annum. Following this the mill was operated at intervals, but statistics regarding production are not available until the years 1901, 1902 and 1903, when the output was valued at $3,126, $6,150, and $1,650, respectively. The industry was brought to a standstill In June. 1904, by the destruction of the mill dam. It may be added that a new mill, at Actlnolite railway station, has recently been con- structed, but the output to date has been very small, some 32 tons being produced in 1910. Mr. Joseph James has been closely associated with the actlnolite Industry since its inc^tlon. ROAD MATERIAL AND BUILDING STONES Of the various materials which are used for road " metal " trap rock is unsurpassed. The trade name "trap" is given to various fine-grained, dark-colored igneous rocks which are generally basalt or diabase. In southeastern Ontario there is an unlimited supply of this material. In the Belmont Lake area, in Peterborough county, there occur several square miles of a dark, fine-grained basalt, detailed descriptions of which have already been given in •Actinollte-Cloyne sheet. 6 I 118 Bureau of Mines No. 4 [1 JUj - ■*■ ..... <.- 1 li ^I- .« >, j ^S^H - ^ i ' 1 ' ■ '4H ^.-iS- ! 1 ^v \im, '■ i ■ "^1 y^ 1 •^ 1 • -7^ *■ ■ ( 1 ■r ^^1 4 i V *11 'K^ b ■8 i j .\ 1 1 1 1 jM f I m ^ 5 fl .._Ji *■ J ' >; i jtmm 1 '' 1 1 ^M T^ 1 1 ^H i ii t ' ^HHI u ^'^f»r^ ai 1 { 1 i i 1 1 i| L ■ IB * ■t ? ■ i 1 '« i '■■1 ^ iZ i ---if!:i|fl « . .....-^JBB 1913 The Pre-Cambrian QeoloKy of Southeastern Ontario 119 another part of this report. The rock U heing quarried and crushed by the Ontario Rock Company, Fig. 58, rt a point three miles east of Havelock, a divisional station on the Canadian Pacific railway. The company built a spur line, three-quarters of a mile long, from the railway, which gives direct connection with the large centres of population. The company has also installed a crusher having a capacity of tour or iive hundred tons per day. While at present the demand for this high-grade road metal is limited, there is little doubt that in a few years a much larger market will -levelop, on account of the good roads movement recently inaugurated. Other areas of good road metal occur north of Crow lake, which lies a few miles to the east of Belmont lake, and also in the vicinity of Cordova gold mine, at both of which places there are outcrops of gab'bro-diabase. Suitable material ma/ also be obtained about two miles northwest of the village of Madoc, on lot 6 In the fifth concession of tue township of Madoc, and, still farther east, on lot 6 in the tenth concession of the last- mentioned township, and in the vicinity of lot 10 in the second concession of the township of Elzevir. All of these areas He either Immediately adjacent to a railway, or within a few miles of one. Large supplies of Paleozoic limestone for use In concrete and for other purposes are available, at points convenient for shipping. In various parts of the district near Belle- ville, on Lake Ontario, this limestone Is extensively employed In the manufacture of Portland cement. Granite, as will be seen from the maps, occurs in various parts of the district. A pink, medium-gruined variety of this rock is exposed on the south shore of Moira lake, Madoc township. Prominent hills in the vicinity consisting of the rock, near the line of the Grand Trunk railway, offer sites for quarries. Other outcrops of granite that are fairly accessible for shipping purposes are to be found in vicinity of the village of Actinolite and of the Deloro mine. LITHOaRAPHIC STONE The occurrence of limestone of lithographic character In Ontario has been known for many years. Several quarries have been opened with a view to establishing an Industry, and those near Marmora, Hastings county, may be particularly mentioned. The senior author of this report ^as dealt with this subject in another publication.* The following e: tract, giving the general characteristics of the Black Klver limestone, as well as its lithographic qualities, is taken from this report: " The only limestone which has been found to be perfectly suited for use in the litho- graphic art, Is, peculiarly enough, that first employed for the t^urpose, which is obtained from the Upper Jurassic strata at Solenhofen, in Bavaria. The stone is not only rare, but valuable. It has been sought for in many parts of America, but with little succrss. Stone from various States has been used to a limited extent. Ontario has probably produced as much as any other part of America. Although, however, attempts have been made to establish an industry here during the last fifty years, little progress has been made, and no lithographic stone has been quarried for some years. " The requirements for a good stone are that it shall be fine in grain, of a homogene- ous texture, not too dark in color, and free from quartz, pyrite and other minerals which are commonly found in limestone. It should, moreover, possess sufficient porosity to absorb ink and be soft enough to be worked readily with an engraver's tool. Varieties which possess most of the other requisites are often brittle And cannot be gotten out in pie>7es with large surfaces. " In Ontario lithographic stone has been quarried chiefly In the Black River forma- tion . ear the village of Marmora, in Hastings county. This formation, which bounds, on the jonth, the Laurentlan area, runs in a band from Kingston city to the Georgian bay. Certain strata in the formation through the whole distance possess lithographic properties, but usually are defective owing to the development of small crystals of calclte. In the township of Rama, on Lake St John and Lake Couchlching, similar strata to those of M^uiora have been tested. Thin sections taken respectitcly from the Marmora and Lavarian stone showed considerable difference when examined microscopically by the writer. The Marmora stone exhibited a more uneven texture owing to the presence of secondary crysUls of calcite, while the Bavarian was uniform in character." •Ont. Bureau of MInefi. Vol. .XIII, Part II. p. 6. 120 Bureau of Mines No. 4 i ,1 Im- The lithographic stone near Marmora, on lot 9, conceMlon III, of Marmora townablp, waa studied by C. W. Volney,* who made two analyses of the material, which are glyen lu the following table. A third Is added, for comparative purposes, from Solenhofen. 1. Insoluble silicate 8.71 Organic matter 40 CaCO, 89.98 MgCO 2.78 Soluble silica 7S AlA Fe,0 16 PeO 10 Hrf) 1.25 Total 99.10 2. 3. 8.60 2.00 1.29 .72 88.03 90.98 2.50 3.67 .49 .62 .57 .68 .35 .28 .04 .13 1.86 .40 98.23 99.08 1. Light blue-grey stone from Crow lake, near Marmora, Hastings county. 2. Dark blue stone from Crow lake, near Marmora, Hastings county. 3. Dark blue stone from Solenhofen. Mr. Volney says: "The dark blue variety of Canadian stone Is from a layer about 70 feet below the gei^et-al surface of the country near Marmora, showing at the borders of Crow lake. Here some fifty feet of the overlying strata have been broken and washed away, not only exposing on the faces the dlt(erent layers, but also enabling me to reach those underneath to the level of the lake. Of some twenty-seven layers examined by me only one gave encouraging results, and this is the dark blue variety [No. 2], analyzed by me as above." Half a mile west of the quarry examined by Mr. Volney, on lot 7, concession III, of Marmora township, there is another quarry.t " The ground where the quarry was opened is tep feet above the level of the lake, and the rock is covered with only a few inches of drift .... The quarry is 100 feet long by 50 wide, and has been opened to a depth of 25 feet. The Jointings are in straight lines, and far enough apart for blocks to be Uken out of any size that is likely to be required. The flrst layer of lithograph stone is seven feet from the surface, and has a thickness of ten Inches. It is marked with a white cloud, and is not of uniform texture. Three inches below it is the second layer 7 inches in thickness. The third layer hi<5 a thickness of 16 Inches, the fourth 12 Inches, the fifth 15 inches, and the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth, from 6 to 8 Inches. All these layers are separated from each other by beds of limestone ranging from 3 to 14 inches In thickness, and suitable for building stone The several layers below the flrst differ from each other more or less in color and texture, one being of a dark cream color, and the others of varying darker shades from grey to blue. The flfth is a dark blue stone, but very flne in texture." MARBLE Varieties of crystalline limestone suitable for decorative material, known as marble, are found in various parts of the district The quarries at Bancroft have demonstrated that there occur in southeastern' Optario marbles of striking beauty, having great variety of color and texture. These marbles are now being used with success for interior decorative purposes, and a flne example of the effects obtained may be seen In the main •Report or the Bureau of Mines, Vol. II, pp. 1S2-183. t •• Vol. Ill, p. 1J7. 1913 The Cre-Cambrlan OcoloKy of Southeastern Ontario 121 oaoe bonding of the Standsrd Buik, Toronto. There ii, nndonbtedly, in this part of the- province an Inezhanatlble rapply of marble both (or ornamental and building pnrpoMi. Qoremment reports deecrlbing these marbles haTe been published.* Crystalline limestone Is also being employed for the production of a material: known as Roman stone, which is used for building purposes. Limestone for this purposs is quarried at the Hastings quarry on the Bay of Quinte railway one mile south of the Tillage of AettaoUte. The chemical composition of the crystalline limestones has been giyen in other parts of this report •Report of OnUrio Bureau oi Mnta, Vol. XIII, Part II, by W. O. Miller. Memoir Na •. by F. D. Adams and A. E. Barlow, Oeolorlcal Survey of Canada. Bulldlns and Ornamental Stones of Canada, by W. A. Parka, Mines Branch, Ottawa. 1 i A^ii^ tZ2 Bifreau of Mines No. 4 L^Qu Devonian PALEOZOIC { E^gSilur Ordovician Grtat Onconfbrfntty PSE-CAMBRfAN (VC) •00 so Scale Fl». 59-Map showing dUtrlbutlot ol prcCaabrton anil PbIcoioIc roclu in the ProviK* of Oatarto. \\. 1913 Appendix 123 APPENDIX CORRELATION OP THE PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS OP ONTARIO. WESTERN QUEBEC AND SOUTHEASTERN MANITOBA During Uielr study of the pre-Cambrlan geology of southeaatern Ontario, tbe antbon have attempted to oorreiate tlie rocks of tliia district with those of other arew» which they have examined In considerable detail within recent years. On page four a gen- ml account of the conclusions arrived at Is given. In comparing the descrlptlona by other authors of various areas in Ontario, western Quebec and southeastern Manitoba, lome of which the present authors have not had the opportunity of examining, a •triking ilmllarlty In the character and age relations of the groups is found. It was, there- tore, thought that it would serve a useful purpose if the pre-Cambrlan rocks of all the areas that have been described In some detail, especially those that contain conglom- erates aa well as the older Igneous and sedimentary rocks, were shown on one table. The accompanying table has accordingly been prepared. In making use of this tablfl the reader should, however, remember thai the classification of tbe rocks of certain areas Is based on descriptions In reports which the present authors may not have correctly Interpreted, and which they have not bad an opportunity to verify. The following notes. In reference to the table, give the reasons which have Induced the authors to adopt the classlflcatlon made use of and the names employed for the rarlous groups of rocks. The Huronian. — In the table the authors have not employed the dasalc name Huronlan. There are several reasons for this, among which may be mentioned: — The rocks to which this name has been applied Include representatives some of which occur above and others below a profound unconformity. In addition t« tbelr being separated by tbe unconformity, which represents a great time interval or period of erosion, the so-called Huronian rocks, as will be seen from the first two vertical columns on the left hand side of the table, bear different relations to an Intrusion of (ranlte and gneiss, here called Algoman, which occupies large areas and is regional In Its distribution. Certain so-called Huronian rocks are intruded by the Algoman, while others lie on its eroded surface. During recent years the Huronian rocks have been sub-dlvldcd Into (a) Lower, (b) Middle, (c) Upper or Anlmlkle. It has generally been held tha/t the Middle Huron- ian Is of minor significance, the unconformity between it and the Lower having been considered by many authors to be local. Hence, only the Lower and Upper will here be considered. The Upper or Anlmlkle rocks occur characteristically around Thunder Bay on the north shore of Lake Superior. With them should be grouped, in the opinion of com- petent observers, the sediments, Whitewater series, of tbe Sudbury basin (See A. P. Coleman, Ontario Bureau Mines, Vol. XIV, part 2, pp. 10 and 14, and The Nickel Indus- try, Mines Branch, OtUwa, 1913, p. 9; Van Hlse and Leitb, U.S.a.S. Bulletin 360, pp. 424 and 489). On tbe other hand tbe fragmental rocks on tbe north Bhn and elsewbere, and tbe Cobalt series of OobaU and surrounding region have been classed as Lower Huronian. Tbe present autbors, bowevw, bava come to tbe condoaion that tbe Whitewater series, or Anlmlkle, ot tbe Sudbury baalB. the Ramsay Lake conglomerate of tbe same area, the Cobi^ series, and tbe less di>- tnrbed pre-Cambrian sedimentary rocks on the north shore of Lake Huron should all be classed as Animtkean. Thus rocks are groaped together some of which, heretofore. have been called Lower Huronian and some Upper Huronian or Anlmlkia. Wbile all the rocks to which wa apply tbe name Anlmlkean may not be of exactly tbe same age, they are all of post-Algoaian ag«. 9 B.)c. 124 Bureau of Mines No. 4 i) »;-i s li. i;i A. AatarikMii •rdlMtiit* In horlitHital btds. C. Contorted arenvlllc' Kdlmcnts. KlK 60. A ihowa Animikran M'diments in iharartrrintir hiirizonul b«l»; B. more or Iwa sohistore Tfinii- namian >«edimentK. Tlifre is s noi:.»l progreulon in nirtamurplium from the Aiiiraikeiin tlirougli ihi- Trmii'kamian ti. tlir (irrntille ^ 1913 Appendix 128 Moreover, the authors group together, under the name Temiskamlan. the Teml*. kamlng aerlea of Cobtft, the Sudbury aerlei, the wHsalled Huronlan rocki of the La- cloche mountalna and eliewhere of Lake Hurdn. and the Hastings series of south- esstern Ontario. These rocks are of pre-Algoman and post-Laurinilan age. It i* seen, therefore, that according to the view of the authors, there baa beea ronaldcrable confusion in the use of the names Upper and Lower Huronlan. and that the Huronlan has been made to Include rocks that are separated by a profound uncon- formity. It haa accordingly been considered advisable not to employ the name Huron- Ian In the table. It may be added that Animlkean \» more closely related, as regardn age to the Keweenawan than to the group to whi.h we have applied the name Temlskainlan la the table. If the name Huronlan U to be retained, the questdon arises as to whether tt should be applied to the Animlkean or to the Temlskamlan or to both If It Is ap- plied to both, then It should Include the Keweenawan as well. Hlnie the latter Is more closely connected with the Animlkean as regards age relations than Is the AnImlkeaa with the Tenilskamian. But it does not appear advisable to group tog-ther rocks that are separated by such a profound unconformity as are tlie Animlkean and Temlskamlan. Moreover, the older wrU.!rs applied the name Huronlan indiscriminately to the Anl- mikean rocks of Lake Huron and of Lake Temiskamlng (the t^obalt series) as well ai to the Temlskamlan rocks of Lake Huron (Lacloche mountains and elsewhere), of Lake Superior (the Dor6 series) and of Lake Temiskamlng (the Temiskamlng series) It w.i.ld therefore appear that. If the name HuronUn is to be retained, the Temlskamlan rocks are aa much entitled to the appellation as are tiie Animlkean. and vice vena. But the authors prefer, for the present at least, not to make use of the term Huronlan. In the authors' opinion there appears to be no logical rea»oil for a dual sub^Ilv^ Islon of the pre<:ambrian into Arrhean and Algonkian. or ArcheozoJc and Proteroxolc, either on the basis of proportion of sediments or on that of life development. Aa regards metamorphism. there is a normal progression downward from that of the younser to the older groups. Pig. 60. The Temlskamlan rocks are more hlghlv meta- morphosed than are the Animlkean. and less metamorphosed than the Orenvllle. More- jvor. the thickness of the pre-I^urentian sediments is great. The Keteeenatean.—No comment, in addition to the notes In the table, is required concerning the definition of the name Keweenawan ( K§-w#en-ft'.win ) . It Is here em- ployed in the sense made use of by practically all authors in recent years. Thr 4nlw.ifceon.-The name Animlkean (An-iml-ke'-in) is employed by Chamb,^ lin and Salisbury (Geology. Vol. II, pages 60 and 183). and by other authors, for ilie series of rocks to which the name Anlmikie is commonly applied. In our table as has bet n said In a preceding paragraph, the name is applied not only to the Anlmikie of the north shore of Lake Superior and of the Sudbury basin, but also to certain rocks of the north shore of Lake Huron and to the Cobalt series of Cobalt and surrounding region. Thus in the Animlkean. or so-called Upper Huronlan, are placed certain rocks that have heretofore been clamed as Lower Huronlan. Further reference U made to the Aiiimikean in the notes ou localities. The Algoman.— (k\-K6'-mit\). This name, introduced by A. C. Lawson (Int. Ci ot Congress, 1913), appears to the authors to be a good one. Their investigations iu south- eaatern Ontario, as well aa at Cobalt and surrounding region, have proved that granite and gneiss of post-TemisVaming and pre-Anlmlkle age are of wide extent. Ten years ago the authors gave to granite of this age In the Oohnlt area the name Lorr.iln gra-ii!.-, and later they gave to a granite of similar age in southeastern Ontario the name Mo:ra. On the north shore of Lake Huron granke of eimllar age has been called KlUaraey. .^goman now being preferred, although not having priority, Lorrain, Molra and Kll- laiuey may be discarded or used locally. In the descriptions of many areas Algonian rranitii and gneiaa have In the past been classed as Laurentian, age relations not briui definitely known. IM Buraau of MInM No. 4 Hi Fl«. 61— iodu Map «ho«"nc Locallt'e* naned In Ta<>le of Correlatloii of the Pre-Cambriaa Rock* of Ontario, Wcatern Quebec and liouthcaattrn Maaltota. Talie Wbemkm Comk NMHJtiMtlui J bMD Miptoywl far BmIu of KKWBBIfAWAN Upper C o p p er t m r Ut p KihOu of «M|Mrier, E/yycr Orcmp ((Met. tSU). Kifipen, Cca*tai«MtiM (o » w lrt » m jVe«re«iMKcm dMnie at prtMmt to i I CMa4a vmd VwUei aiaiet}. Skgnt ui MeUaorphiaoi. te. rock< are MCMiM. Site { «««(•»(« ore Uttto aMarX 0-! owtf r>tt in to I (al jiiisitioM. 1 ANIMIKKAN »i Om^ jI7Hwr CoH»«'<-*«arto0 itoekt 9f |/«cliMl«fl JTMtfle and pmnt of I«iwr . Buronian of Lake Bttrmm of emtkor* {VM.Q.g.Bua.a»). \AMmikie or Upper HmnmUf of I auperior, and of tkr amikmrg taata. ' WhUimmler and Bamuof £«*« oerieo, estalt eerioM of CoUU am* I repio*. TAe AMtHikeam rpdu mw Mcwiiii/ only 9 f .f.O.M. BnO. M$). Temiak»m%ng aeriee of mOor dhtp. and Bin. Jonr^ Bept. M. If If. omd Omt. Bar. of M m«e. TM. XIX. part S). Su^mrp eeriet of CoUmam I1%e Metodt imdm**rp, thmm Brwwft. OWw. I»l»>. Ocnrmi Tuiteive. tom el ta ua color ptnk. tppie a tip KiBMav UnaiB omMa Mi -■: r .•»>« ai*#l»-i: lOnainMH /iifrii«ieer (LAUREXTTAN* LOOANIAN JUntrcwtton (fra««t« ««« 0»3M) i ( flr4imfnt«rt) 1 1 fi>r-t«tf«« Moft of the Boattmpo m ( I viOe of ^der amtkora. and Ote ^ ehinf of LawMm. if IJ Keev^tin rom^lfz. miaHoa of th« r<»@MlMMi RiMks of Olllvio. Veatera ^atbec .nd South< Pirt n of tlie 23ad Report o£^ ^Btwlo Borecu of mom, Vmm To LociditiM, Nmiim and Char, Rfniia of Qntarlo, W^tem Qiifl^f jfrnd Part n of tht Band nt^oit H the Oaii^ liif JMi: #1 >»rk Ktrim. w >nnt« I DCloaMnM Mm k'aaciiiaaH jSlM aa d rt OtrpntM iQnairtatla ClMllWiill QrMt UacMfonrity •w TT W •w OrMt Onait* and ■■*<« M^iiHI— Hi lUmmlmu «tMi«rt» to* aat Mir* Kkiit Atfcwr Lia Male laiic !•«•• «Mt«atto Ooi Ui KMwatiB eawfin KMwatia OfUtitr sikJ ghilM K wat tB oaantoc lOl wa KhiiU 1913 Appendix 127 The Temi»kamian.—Tbe nam« Tcmlskunian, (Tem-Ii-kl'.iiiI-ftn), ai used by the •utltora, eorers the pre-Alfoman and poM-LaaraiitUn aedlmentatT rocka inclndlnc tha Tamiakaming, Sudbury and Haatinca aeriea, tofMher with part of the ao-called Huron- IM of the north ahore of Lake Huron. From the Uble It will be aeen that the Tern- iikamlan rocka are even more wldeapread than the Anlmlkean. The Laurentian.—The name Laurentlan, aa uaed In the table, haa the meaninK glren to It by the International Committee of 1904 (Journal of Oeolosy, 1906, pp. 89-104). It la applied to xranlte and gnelas of pre-Temlskamlan and poat-Loganlan ace. The Looanian.'—Bince the relat^n between the OrenTllle and Keewatln 1« such that, for the moat part, they are not separated by an unconformity or an eruptive contact. It seema beat to group them under one general heading, Loganlan, giving to the aedlmenta the old name OrenvlUe and to the Igneoua material the name Keewatln.' Moreover. •Jnce aimilar sediments to those to which Lawson gave the name Couchlchlng are found as one of the members of the GrenvlUe, It does not seem to be necessary to reUln the name Couchlchlng, except for use locally In northwestern OnUrlo. It la held by Lawson that the Couchlchlng in certain northwestern Ontario localities la older than the Keewatln represented there, but the authors are of the opinion that on the whole the pre-Laurentlan sediments, Gren grille and Couchlchlng, are younger than the KeewaUn. although a minor part of the Keewatln may be Intrusive Into the sediments. In thla connection It should be noted that, especially In localities where Temlskamlan sedimenU are absent, certain poat-Temlskamlan igneous rocks may readily be mistaken for Keewatln rocks. Localities The Index map. Fig. 61, shows the localities that are numbered from 1 to 19 in the table. In the following notes are given references to literature on the various localities, together with comments. „. „ .. , '• NORTH SHOR6 OF LAKE HURON The pre<;ambrlan rocka of the north shore of Lake Huron were divided by Logu and Murray Into two major groups: (1) The Laurentlan, conalatlng of granite and gnelse. and (2) the Huronlan, consisting of conglomerate and other aedlmenta, with which were grouped certain greenstones. The name LaurenUan waa here r" u to granite and gneiss, similar in appearance to the rocks farther to the eaat, in the Ottawa valley and elaewhere, to which It had been applied. From statements such as the following, however. It is aeen that Logan and Murray did not claim to have definitely determined the relations between the Laur^ entlan and Huronlan on the North Shore of Lake Huron, but that they knew that cer- tain parts of the areas there mapped as Laurentlan contain granite that is Intrusive Into the gneiss and into certain of the so-called Huronlan sedlmenU: th« M{Lu^l,?i*!l-H'Qi'*«°'"^*'^?° *•■* "J'"'' "•""■« «»' ^'^e Huron which lies between niM»w J^!SSiLf ♦h®*-, Mary s Rivers, where the Huronlan series has been more com- pletely examined, the immediate contact of the gneiss with the overlying rocks has Huronlan luass of that part occurs about half a mile above the stream. It consists of a grey quartilte which abuU against one mass of gneiss and runs^der awufer airt appears to be much broken by and enUngled among the Intrustlve rock"" . ,. Tne Intrusive granite occupies a considerable area on the coast of Lake Huron. fhflf/ Li^e PakowaganiJiK [Pakowkaml]. It there breaks through and dtatuVbs the gnelse of the Laurentlan series, and forms a nucleus from which emanates a com- riexlty of dikes, proceeding to considerable distances. As dikes of a similar character ",?„'"**-''."H.*"'r^**'"°f *^^ ^'^^^ *" *•»« Huronlan series, the nucleus In question is supposed to be of Huronlan age. as well as the greenetone dikes which intersect It."' • „, .'•?'''* "^""^ Ontarlan was proposed by A. C. Lawson (Bull. O.S.A. Vol I on 17«.l77> sI^*^*. P"lV«"'e"»'»n™«k^ of northwestern Ontario. But the name Ontariclntroducidti L.,ih L''.,*";'''o>;*'' by the geological survey of an adjoining state. iKw York as ■vnonvmonl. rime. ""''• '" """"^ '° """" '''"'''"•o"- " does not wem avlwbl. to VStal/ L^wTon"; ll"'Uotn?nrp.l!-^orst,':!sil%i^°i":?,^^^^^^^ See „„.. .t. "j. , ^TBiiviue, especially, is onaracter st c of the district In southeaatarn rtnt-ariA ?"r'.'h''.%'rt^-?!a"i?f„Rl'n'r°o'ck'i"^^''^'' ""' ""^■'""^ "^ ^°*''"- -« P™PoV?hV'1.\'.^rLo°;.'n"l'iS for the pre-Laurentlan rocks. ?. SO.'^''* ff's'ton of the Grenvllle to the Keewatln Is described In preceding pages. 'Qeology of Canada, 18«S, p. 55. * Ibid., p. 6S. ttBtm la Bureau •* HHnta No. 4 HI* Itl Sketch imp. \arth Shore of Lake Huron. F(«. 62a-:ntcrbe(ided quartiite and itlatc o; the TemUkannK Mrien. North Dome mine. Porcupine. 1913 Appendix 129 Hh«h.?rh„^ni„-"lit"../''* T"" °l *"'■ IHuronlanl «eriea occupy the CMit from BbebahahnabninK IKIItarneyl to the mouth of the MiuUMKui River- and In the ir^i'LTt .In' mr°"t."'""J''*'L •""•*"• '° ''^"' • breadth'"«thward from Lacloche nl T^LnL"^ '•■• ^^^ ">^^ *'»'*'•' *•»«" "«»"» '»»«'« «"» the north U probably a part ?n .h., '^"•*""«" «»•'■•. J^oosh «t ha. been found dlfflcult to dlBtlnguUh the nelM In that part from an Intruaive granite." ' -•ui-u iub ibcim While theae extracta ahow that Logan and Murray recognlied granite aud gneisa of at leaat two ages, they also bring out the fact that these Investigators intended that the name Laurentlan Hhould here be applied to only the older granite and gneiss and not to that which Is Intrusive Into the sediments. But they, like later workers, did not recognise that the pre-Cambrlan sedimentary rocks In the region, to ail of which they gave the name Huron Ian. are divisible Into two great groups, separated by a pro- Hk. A.<-3ojlder o coic.on.-rat* o! Tcmlnluiiliir Mrtc* cnclaced In coaaloiacratc of Cotalt nerleii (Anlmlkran). lot 7. con. .4. townathlp of Buckc, near Cobalt. Durina the p.-rioj ol eroilon that proJuccd the sediniint* ot the Cobalt aerlea, the TemUkamlnc rocki In certain localities were completely removed. found unconformity. Had thlH unconformity been retognlzed, 't is scarcely likely that a Btratigrapher of Lojrans abllltv would have applied fhf> name Huronlan to all of the sediments. Distinct names would doubtlrss have been given to both the older and the younger groups. There Is an older group of sediments, called by the present authors the Temla- kamian. which, as shown by the preceding quotations, Logan and Murray recognised )i« being younger than the Laurentlan Rnelse and older than the later (AJgoman), or as they called It. the Huronlan granite. But these workers did not recognize, nor did their succfssoro. that part of the pn-Cambiian sedlment.s along the north shore ot Lake Huron are younger than the later granite (Algoman) which Intrudes the earlier sedi- ments. This failure to recognize the stratlgraphlc position of the later sediments has led to great confusion, not to say ainusing controversies. It so happens that the con- ' rSixllMKy .It- C,!!:!.! 1. <•■••. M. lao Bureau of Mines No. 4 Klomcrate tnd other rocks of the later group of MdtmenU (Animikean) are In the more coupleuoue outcropa, or in localttlee that hare been examined by moat Inrestl- ■aton, and theee roeka have. In almoat all eaaee, been elaased aa Lower Huronlan, Indtestlnc that they are at the bate of the pre<;ambrlan ■edimentary eertea of the region. The younger granite or gnelas (Algoman), on the eroded surface of which thla later conglomerate baa been found to rest, has been mistaken for the Laurentlan (Bee Van Hise and Lelth. Bull. 360, U.6.0JB.. pp. 414-416, 42MS6, 435 et teq., and A. C. Lawson, " A Standard Scale for the pre^^ambrlan Rocks of North America," Int OeoL Congress, 1318, pp. 18 and 81). uttcOMf^oirniTr \ ^^ i f i i V T t ***'* |»'.'-I'J *liri»SINa DIMBItSC reirovi coMTHcr COBALT srRirs TeniSKNIilNS SCRica .Srrr/ara^ttf .^/.'-l l^EEWHTIN SCRIES Hk. 64— Qcoloclcal mar ol am a few mile* north of Cofealt, (howinr dUtrlbutlon ol the TcnUkaminK, Cobalt and other itcrles. The Thessalon greenstones, a volcanic series, grouped with the Huronlan by Logan and Murray, have In recent years been classed as Keewatin. but It seems to the present authors that these rocks may be post-Temiskamtan, and that they mav occupy a place tb _ 1913 Appendix Ml In th« geological column ■Imllar to tht pillow laru. "oMw norlte," of Soiibary tad the lamprophyre dikes of Cobalt »»™r, ..o Uaconformltlea between the aedlmenta la ceruin loealiUea along the north shore of Lake Huron hare been deeertbed. These uaconformitles are of two kinda In on.^ «Me they separate Tenlskaoilan rocks from Anlmikean; In the other they are what have Wn called Interformattonal or local unconformities, similar to thoee found within the Cobalt series In the region to the northeast. Much arduous and deuiled work remains to be done on the north shore of Lake Huron. The Itot of Anlmikean rooks placed In the vertical column In the table under the heading, North Shore of Lake Huron, is provisional. The relations to the Laurentlan and Algoman of those that He beneath the unconformity have not been deflnltely deter- mined. 2. COBALT The base of the geological column at Cobalt conslsU of pillow lavas and of other rocks of Keewatln age. Associated with these are remnants of Iron formation. Unconformably on the laves and iron formation rests a thick series of slates, «uarttltes. greywackte, and conglomerates, which now lies in highly Inclined attitudes and holds, in addition to fragments of Keewatln lavas and iron formation, pebbles and boulders of Uurentlan granite and gneiss. The Laurentlan. however, is not exposed in the Cobalt area proper but occurs in the surrounding region. These sedimenU are known as the Temlskamlng series. They are well exposed along the west shore of Lake Temlskamlng between Haileybury and New Llskeard. The Temlskamlng series and all of the older rocks were fissured and intruded by tamprophyre dikes and masses of diabase. Following this igneous activity an enormous batholith of granite, called the Lorrain granite, invaded all of the rocks mentioned The Temlskamlng sediments, the etratlgraphic position of which was first worked out In the Cobalt area, have been found to be widespread throughout Ontario, western Quebec and southeastern Manitoba, and are correlated with the Sudbury series of toe UWe '"* °*"* **'**" "' *"*'''*P**"'^«°' ■"<' *^"»> •■•^kB m other areas, as shown In After the Intrusion of the Lorrain (Algoman) granite there followed a prolonged period of erosion and there was laid down on the older rocks a series of slates, grey- wackes, quartsltes and conglomerates which was nanied. ten years ago. the Cobalt series It resembles in llthology and In degree of nietamorphlsm the younger pre-Cambrlan sedl^ ments In the area surrounding Thessalon and Bruce MIcev on the north shore of Lake Huron; limestone, however, does not occur at Cobalt. Logan showed in 1847 that the rocks which we now call the Cobalt aeries rest unconformably on the adjacent granite and gneiss along the shores of Lake Temlskamlng. All of the previously mentioned rocks were Intruded by the Nlpisslng diabase and later by dikes of olivine diabase. The Nlpisslng diabase Is regarded by most writers as Keweenawan In age. Litermturv B,t,tTl»ll?pi*'M"u%\' ''■""• "" '""""' •"• '"'""•■ ■•'=="«'n-rinBand Mining Jontnal," Vol. »2. 3. TEMAQAMI The pre-Cambrian succession in the area surrounding Lake Temagaml Is one of the most complete of the nflneteen areas mentioned in the table. la addition to the rocks occurring at Cobalt, which have been briefly described above, the Laurentlan granite and gnelns are present. There are local unconformities In the Cobalt series, one of which may be seen at the boat landing on the northeast arm of Lake Temagaml. near the railway station. »M Bi rjau of MIiim No. 4 Mi Itimmarx Report. a««|. .•«urv»y uf CanMda. uiil, pp. isT-m a Map No. f4l, puMlahvd by Ih*. ieol. Hurv.y of l-unada 4. OOWQANOA The BucceMlon of rotic* In the aowguiida »rea is the Mtue ■» mat at Cobalt 11 two •xteptlona be made: di TIm- laniproph re dikea bave not been found .t Oowganda: (2) Cryatalltiif llm. utonr, atcordlnn lo A. H. Colllna, ocrura lu the ( obalt ■•rlca at Oowganda, while It Ih abHcnl at Cobalt. There are local unconformltln In the Cobalt nrrles at Oowgaiida which have b«en described by A. U. Burrow*. Lileratur* Raport on the lirohygy or the ArM ,|ni,|[ the T. A N. O. Railway Ti lul Line between Qowmnda and l-orcupinr, by J .1 JKMIlUn. Toront.i. 1918. "•'""»> »'">' »'"'• b««we«n aurv.yVf ranJda"' "'*' *^°*"'"'*'' W'l'nt KUiHloii. by W. H. Colllne, .Memoir No. 3S. Oeol. Part i!'pp!''r»?*l»s!"" ""**■'' ■^"'' ***' "• "• "••*•"■'• '»'•• H'l'""-!. Hur.au of 5|lne.. OnUrlo. ». KIRKLAND AND LAttDER LAKES AND SWASTIKA The geology of this area la similar to that of Cobalt and requires little comment The rocks have been mapped In detail by A. O. Burrows and P. E. Hopkins who found that laniprophyre dikes are of very roinmon orrurrence and occup; the same stratl- graphlc position as do similar rocks In the Cobalt area. Literature I.. pj''202^2u"" ''"''* '"■"■''''■ '•>■ "• ^^'^ "'"'«■•'• l«*h Hepoit, Ilurwiu nf .Mlnee. Onlnrlo. Part pp. ?6«*2«5 "*'""' *^°'*' ■^""' ^* ^ '" "'■"''*• ^'"' R'Pfrt Bureau of Mlnea. Ontario. Part I.. Oeolnsy and Koonomlr Rrxoiures of thp r.nrder Lake Dletrlrt. Ont , and adjolnlna Por- " '?V=^''ii?'i; ^^V; '!' ^' K. Wllnon. .Memoir IT-E. Oeol. Hurvoy of Canadi. 1. 2.1a.. KirklanU Lake and Snnat kn r:nli1 \i*.na hv w ii ■>....■».... .».• r> m tlone of Pon Hopkl Map N... 2.1a.. Klrkland Lake and Swastika Gold .\ieae, by A. ikln». PiibllMheit by the Ontai.n lliireau of Mineit. Nov., 191S. a. liurrowa and P. E. A. PORCUPINIi The rocks of this area are also slmillar to those at Cobalt. The greenstones of the Keewatln occur In large volume, but the Cobalt series Is sparsely represented. Literature Part^2"pp"j^SS*'"* °°''' '^"'^' ^^ '^ " Rurrowii, 2«th Report. Bureau of Mines, Ontario. p^j.The^Por.j|jp^ne Oold .\reii. by .\, O. Hiirrow». 2l(.t Report, Rureau of MInei., Ontario, »t, sJpt.'mil'pp.' «46-649'"*'''' *"*' ^^'"" "■ *""'"'• "'^""'"•'^•'""f ""'• Mlnlnn Journal," Vol. 7. ABITIBI L\KE The rocks snrrouiulltiK .\l)iiil)| lake are almoKt wholly of Igneous origin, and con- sist of Keewatln greenstones, I»rraln granite and Nlplsslng diabase. But the area Is of Interest owing to the presence of schistose oonglomers < af the Temlskamtng series which Is Intruded by the Lorrain granite. M. B. Ba\ :, v ho mapped the area, waa one of the first to recognise the stratlgraphic relations oi 'b.ji conglomerate. Literature itt-lfs" *''"'**' ^"'^' "'■ ^- ^- ^'•^f- I*'h Report, Burehu nf Mine*. Ontario, Part I. pp. :y^^'%sSi. IMA ApiMiMix III N. WBtfTBRN QUEBEC •.. ^m"!! '"'"°''* "•"' «""**'>•' *>««*'y dUtrlbutfd. .r.. Included under th. liM«. r«tfc«: (4) Brc«lb«li rim .r..; (8) rnbr. townrtlp; .nd (6. other part, of pS^ •» «• J« M <• Scaii M ////•« St *f Xifom*tr** Vi%. 68-Map of the SudburyCotaJt-rorcupinc rrcon. county The TemUkamlng series appears to occur In large volume In some of these areaa The M^ataml series resting unconformably on granite gneiss, the relationships of whi-h have been so well described by J. A. Bancroft, and the Broadback aeries of H C C«,ke ■hould apparently be correlated with the Temlskamlng. Both series are Invaded by MKROCOrr MSOUiTION TBT CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 |10 ^^~ Li Uj |3j2 ■ 2.2 £!:i^ lis 1.1 U£ I 1.8 11.25 i 1.4 APPLIED IIVHGE Ine 1653 Cost Mae (716) 288-5989 - fo» •134 Bureau of Mines No. 4 ii " *i granite whJch appears to be of Algoman age. Thus It is seen that there are also pre-Cambrlan ga-anltes or granite-gneisses of two ages In this part of the pro- Tkioe of Quebec. The Anlmlkean rocks are of common occurrence in parts of western Quebec. In their litholofeical character and in their degree of metamorphism they are similar to the Cobalt series at Cobalt and surrounding region. The unconformity between these rocka and the older Temiskamian is profound. The crystalline limestone' of the GrenvlUe series, referred to in the table, was diBcovered some years ago by the senior author on Klpaw'a river, which lies to the east of Lake Temlslcaming lin the province of Quebec. Literature « «^^°''.* °" 'he Geology and Mineral Resources of the Chtbouftamau Region. Quebec, by B. R. Faribault. J. C. GwiUim. and A. E. liail.iw. Mines I!ianfh. Quebec. 1911. Geology of a Portion of Fabre Township. Quebec, by R. Harvle, Mines Branch, Quebec, 1911. Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Keekeek and Kewagama Lakes Region, Py. •'• ^- Bancroft. Report on Mining Operations in the Province of Quebec during the year 1»11, pp. 160-207, Mines Branch, Quebec. A Report on the Geology and Natural Resources of Certain Portions of the Drainage Basins of the Harrlcanaw and N'ottaway Rivers, to the North of the National Transcontinental Railway In Northwestern Quebec, by J. A. Bancroft, Report on Mining Operations in the Province of Quebec durdng the year 1912. Mines Branch, Quebec. Geology and Economic Resources of the Larder Lake District. Ont., and adjoining por- tions of Pontiac County. Que., by M. E. Wilson, Memoir 17-E., Geol. Survey of Canada. Map. No. 95a (Issued 1913), Broadback River, Mlstasslni Territory. Quebec: bv H. C. Cooke, Geol. Survey of Canada. ). SUDBURV The pre-Cambrlan groups in the Sudbury area are almost complete, but the Lauren- tUtn granites and gneisses, i.e., those granites and gneisses which are older than the Sudbury series, have not been identified. The Keewatin greenstones and iron formation occur at Moose mountain, to the north of the Sudbury area proper, and near the north shore of Lake V/anapitel. Several miles to the south of the Sudbury area, in the township of Dill, A. P. Coleman has de- scribed crystalline limestone, coarse white quartzite and flne-Krainod grey gneiss and Bchiat which he has classed with the Grenvilie series. He remarks that the grey gneiss is not unlike the Couchichlng of western Ontario. Succeeding these rocks there is a series of sediments, 30,000 feet in thickness,^ con- sisting chiefly of quartzite but including arkose, greywack^, slate, and conglomerate. This series has been named bv Coleman the Sudbury series, and has been correlated by the present authors with the Temiskamlng series. The basement on which this Sud- bury series rests has not been discovered, but, judging from the composition of the sedi- ments, it is almost certain that the series was deposited In part on. and largely derived from. Laurentian granites and gneisses. After the deposition of the Sudbury series there were erupted various greenstones, iQcIuding "olde' norite" and pillow lavas, which appear to be approximately of the same age as tht- lamprophyre dikes of Cobalt and other areas. The recognition of these pillow lavas as post-Sudbury In age is Important, and gives rise to surmises that some of the pillow lavas classed as Keewatin In other areas may really be much younger in a«e than the Keewatin. The volcanic rocks at Thessalon should be considered in this connection. Later than the " older norite " and pillow lavas there occurred great intrusions of granite and gneiss, which are probably of Algoman age. All of the rocks mentioned were subjected to a prolonged period of erosion and the Whitewater series and the Ramsay Lake conglomerate were laid down. The Whitewater series is classed aa Aniimlkie by Coleman and other writers. In the accompanying table It is rorrelatPrt with the younger scdimonts along the north shore of Lake Huron, as is also the Ramsay Lake series. The deposition of the Whitewater scries was followed by the intrusion of the «lckel eruptive (norite and micropegmatite), which occurs, according to Coleman, in the form of a boat-shaped sill about a mile and a quarter In thickness. pikes of olivine diabase and a few dikes of granite penetrate all of the older rocks In the area. 'American GenlogLst. Januarv. 1901. •The Nickel Indu.stry. by A P. Colein.in. Jlines Branch. Ottawa, 1913. 1913 Appendix 13S Literature Part's!' *"'"""■'' ~'^'"' '■'*"'• '•'' ^ P- C»l«n,an, 14th Report. Bureau of Mine.. Ont«lo. Canada" Voi:''li.'pfrt%^''*'" '^''°'"" °' ^'""""''' °""''' "J' ^ J" B'""''. 0«»- Survey of Cole^!L'„.~^?J;ii ^"rlrh^ortlt'^af SSSlr' ""'"""" '° '•>• «"<»'>"••>' R«««<"^. 0»t"'o. by A. P. EnBfn"e?X7•aSS^^^'„?nV Wn"a'l!"SuSltYiiir '^""" °- "'"•' ""^ °''" '^^ ^»«'>'- »»* OntaVlo'BS^eill^rCe^rJu'yf ma^'^"'''"'' «"*"'"' ^'"^'""^ °' O""""'"- P-^'-h^O "y th* Porcuplnl. ^""^ '*"• ^' "'" ^"'- '^"°'- Conires-. 1913. Excur.lon. to Sudbury. Cobalt and 10. MICHIPICOTEN .1 ^?if *^«*''*'*'» .s^^'es and Iron formation are well developed in this area In addl- ^^n;/''H'^*L*'i »"P?r«''» belt of schistose conglomerate, the pebbles of which are clearly derived from Keewatln greenstones and Laurentlak granite and gneUw A^ ^^iTlZT^y.^'^'^'^l '^^ conglomerate and the greenstoue Jran Ite complex hw Mt ?«t^ wuh Vk T «»'lf>°«»«'-ate. whlcsh is locally called the Dor6 conglomerate, te"o^t lated with the TemUkamlng series. The conglomerate is penetrated by dikes of au^ porphyry, which Coleman considers to be off-shoots of granitoid gneiss Literature Of MTne'..'oSti?lo°ifp" IM-lfs"'''""' '*'' ^^ ^^ '"'''"""' ^''^ ^- «' ^''""«'"' »"" ReP'"-t. Bureau OntaTro! Par? ^Z'!%'n%5f"''''''"'°"''' "^'"^ "" '■ "• «""• »'»> ««P'"-t. «""»« of Mine.. Ontarri?anTp°P m-IS" ^"^•"P'""^"- "V A. P. Coleman. 16th Report. Bureau of Mine* Oeol'survey!°S^. ISO-^lls^^"" ^"'"'■'°'" ''"**°"- ""^ ^*" «'»« »"<> ^^"h. Monograph LII. U. 8. II. THUNDER BAV The succession of roclts in the Thunder Bay area is almost complete, though the the north" ''"'^°^' *" *'"'"*''*• '""'^''^'■' *° *^"'" *° the granitic hills to The TemlsV mlng series is present, and It has been intruded by greenstone which °Y*^ °' f^o°"l*''^ ^"^^ '^^ •" '•>« lamprophyre dikes of Cobalt and K°rkland Lake and the post-Sudbury pillow lavas of Sudbury. It will be seen from the notes oSvartou! areas and from the table that these lamprophyre dikes, altered^eenston^ aSd pUtow lavas are widespread in the pre-Cambrlan of Ontario and occupy a wellS " posltlol r Sfde^rtie^ilZanlrrn^r^' ^'''' "^ '" ''' "'^^ "-' ^"^ i^t^f^ first'' fZT'l a rn? I^lL^ct tnTs^' ^T^autro^sTr^e^a^^^!^ Z Anlmlkie series, the Cobalt series, the Whitewater series thfR^sarS series and ^Lra^Ts-: th'eTa*rra?/o^%Sl^l^^^^^^^^ -'^fB op'|t\-rS rmi{e\%rrfXrAX-r -— les be- Ti,.= .11* ^l?;'*?*^' '^nown ^ the Logan sills, intrude all of the rocks in thP arp» Literature Jo,,47°oVoU!^|^?TeKlj?aT"]'4'r,?n" '•^f'^l"'''' ^"""'"^ «^*'°"' ^»h Introductory Note, lB«-m* ''"'"'"*'* "•"" ''"*^- "»' L- P- Silver. I5th Report Bureau of Mines. Ontario, pp. Geol^Sur^ly.""'' "' ""* ^"^^ ^"P"""- «^'^'°"- ">• Van Hl«e and Leith. Monograph LII. U. S. 12. LAKE NIPiaON The geology of the Nlpigon basin Is given in a monograph by A W n wii.nn a sii?«. asss Svi""" -^ ™^»" a?fio?..Trs ?j s Literature OntaVrp^'^S?,,?"' »' ^'"'« »"'««»"• "y =■ S. Moore, l.th Report Bureau of MUl... Of lte,%l?,o^"pk°' Ii't?l9^''''«°"' *•" *• ^- <""•■"»" "»'> »• 8. Moore. 17th Report Bureau Geology Of the Nlpigon Basin, by A. W. O. WH.on. Memoir No. I, Qeol. 8ur. of Canada 136 Bureau of Mines No. 4 t-V LAKES SAVANT AND ABRAM In the vicinity of tliese two lalces there occur prominent areas of a achiatoaa eon- Sire^UnlJJ:^,.'"' ^^- T" ^°"" Huronian/lt contains n"merou.i?uMe« of kt^^ne «H«? .'%r'\ ^J"* o"' """^ apparently should be correlated with the Temla- kamlng series. In the Lake Sa/ant area the conglomerate was discovered by Moore to re^ unconformably on the Laurentlan granite, the granite showing a weafher^.u" lace. Thl3 contact was considered by Collins- to be an Igneous one. Moore also suggMts XfJ^'iL?'";„^H*'f°"K"' "' 'r P*"^"^" *" ""P""" •" this area, since pw? of 7hl «»nlte looks much fresher and less metamorphosed than does the greater nortton The younger granite, if present, is probably of Algoman age. ^ ' I . FlK. 66— Schi«to«e conKlomeratc of TcmUkaminc aeries. Lake Savant area. Literature »». m-iof*^*"* ''^°" Range Area, by E. S. Moore. 19th Report, Bureau of Mines, Ontario. Part^I.'ppI'lSs-m* ''*'^"* '^'"P'""*' ^y ^- ^- ^l°°'-^- 2»th RepM !. Bureau of Mines, Ontario. 14. STEEP ROCK LAKE >m the descriptions of this area the writers consider that the Temiskaming ■er Is present. One series, consisting of conglomerate and fosslllferous limestone which rest unconformably on the Keewatln and Laurentlan, is known as the Steep Rock. In addition to the Steep Rock series there Is a series of conglomerates and other "^M ^"'"^ Lawson has named the Seine series and of which the Shoal Lake conglomer- 1 .'\-Peo'°Klcal Reconnaissance of tlie Region Traversed by tlie Nat. Trans Rv between Lake Nlpigon and Clay Lake, Ont., Rep. GeoT. Sur. Canada, 1909, p. 34. ™ • "''• «>*»''««" 1913 Appendix 137 ntl'^Hit'f V .^*!*'" "?"*''*• '""^ ^^ ^*'"« «*•■'«• »« unconformab:y on the Steep Literature Third'8".rlerVo?°42;'r8»' pp'TlT^m '"""'' """"•'"' "»' "■ '^ «"»•»"• '^'»- •"""• S<='«n«=.. G.ol'^Su?.%°.*14?MSr '^'"" *""'"■""' "'*'""■ •"■ ^■''" "'*"' """ '""»'• S'o"OK.aph LII, U. & of cJnadS*" '^ °' ^'**'' "°"'' ^"''*' Ontario, by A. C. Lawaon. Memoir No. 28, Qeol, Bur. r. Ki^ K*"."?'''"''.' **'!>'<■,'■'"• «'IP PiP-Cambrlan RockH of North America bv A C I a««nn Publishwl by tl,p latli Int. Cecil. CoHKreHM. Toionto. i!il3. ^merii a. o.\ a. c. i,a«8on. FlK. 67-Trap of Kew.-ciwwan ■cc. Sutton Mill Lakes, Dlitrict of Patricia IS RAINY LAKE In the RaJny Lake area a series of conglomerates and other rocks, named by A C Lawson the Seine series, occurs at Shoal lake and Rat Root bay. These sediments c'^^era"t^"'^.T{;l^e ^L^slaS'^"" ""'^ ^-'^""-" -'-' "<» "*P— «'' "^-^ "^ In 1887 Lawson described a series of rocks, consisting mainly of mlca-schlata which he na^cd the Couchlchlng series. He considered that Ih^ ^rl^^cuTStui^^^^ T. '«„«■" V^^^,?;'l*."- ^"'^'■•, *° ^^l*' '"^ International Committee found that part of Lawson 8 Couchlchlng, namely, the Shoal Lake conglomerate. Is post-Laurentlan In age Since the committee's report was published, Lawson has reiognlied the corrwtnesT^f ™f^«?°fo' r """ '•«««"i'°« '^t Shoal Lake conglomerate, burafter spendTng the "u,S! ^ofn?. "J^ti? ^^-^S^^'nlnK the area, he concluded that the Couchlchlng r^ks In ™e Uo^nTdul t^SurnTof de^^tf.!.^^..."'''^ """'^^^"^ '"^^ ^--"'^ -^ ?har!?£u"ret Literature Ann55''Re'pS?t.'»8L''p2ft''p' *•" '*'""'' ^"•'' ««'°"- "'' A. C. Lawson, 0.ol. Sur. of C««td* Jour?aTof QUo|y?%"eb-»Par"l'9o'5.' "" *"' '^'" *"'*"°' ^'""'^ ''"'' Introductory Kot^ II v^ Stai.iard Scale for the pre-Cambrian Rock* of North America bv \ r T .»^.. i>..K- Uahed by tte Int. Qeol. Congress, 12th Session. Toronto. 1»13" '^ Lawson. Pitttr. 138 Bureau of Mlnsg No. 4 ur , ^. ^ _ , ^ «•• SOUTHEASTERN MANITOBA r .fc- Vi 1 "*" "i !?• Proylnce of Manitoba altuated between the aonthern oortion of i;t~ TiSl'iS' "" the western boundary of Ontario there occurs. alVng thVwantoSow ?^;„*.f''*^?* conglomerate which appears to belong to the TemlstaTmlan groS^ i^lll ^S»,r"*K ^f f ? ^■?l'" "'' ^- 8- M***" »•»• WanlpUow ser leT It ooma^M granite pebbles, but la Intruded by granite and gneiss which .s pr«>bably of AlgomS? . '^w*.'*n**^°"Jt*lf «'»""• fragments shows that the LAurentlan Is present in th» 5^': ^"K^- ^- Willace remarks in this connection that " when more detSted work la ttat the ^*„™n?S.'n'.°'i''*' *"" '"truslves of this and other districts Ft may bT found that the Laurenttan In the sense of pre-Huronlan [TemUkamlan] plutonics occudIm^ in some areas, at any rate-a very unimportant place." Piuionics occuples- eratJ^fin^ «^',1^k? 'T '°'"'"»"«»» ''»"<:»» ^^o^ structurally with the conglom- '^^i!^TA'l^^',:Slt co^"'''''' ""•' ^•'^ Temlskamlan Iron formltlon _ Literature Mln.n^In'*»u^.^;r'^o°XVI!'lV« Vp'sSS-Bii"'""' "'' "• °- '*^^"''"- Transaction, Canadian Ow"lSr^,°y of cinra^'f.'.'u^^-i^fa"''""'*''" '"" °""" «'^«"- >*«""°''»- »>" "• S- Moore. _, 17. WUNNUMMIN LAKE ♦i„- vL*i^""'S""' ""^.J" """a^*! a»«>«t the centre of the district of Patricia. Its dosI- Tn^.** °* '*'°.y,Su*"* *"* """P- '''«• "• Regarding the rocks on this lake" Will am^c- Innes says: "The most conspicuous rocks occurring In the belt are hearybidBoi MfZi:^^\°T!i'% Tr '*.'""" '" '•"'' °' A*'™"' ^"•'^ on the EngU.h Rlve?^Iow ?h'o"uT^^^o^*r'^la;ed"'"^ftrT^^ -"'^^ •P'-" that the conglom'fr'aTe Literature The District of Patricia, 2l8t Report, Bureau of Mines, Ontario, pp. 119, m. _ . <«• SUTTON I..ILL LAKES Rocks comparable to the Anlmlkle, at Thunder Bay Lake Sunorfnr a, »« ♦>,« Na^tapoka series of the east coast of Hudson Bay, Ire found at Sutton Mill Take? a5d outcropping through the Paleozoic on the WInlsk river, 26 mles from Its mou'h At Literature «or^f§l\%.rTo.^U%^^^^^ Sutton Ml,, Lake. The District of Patricia. Zlst Report, Bureau of Mines, OnUrlofpp 149-163. * .. ... "•- fOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO (HASTINOS COUNTV. ETC.) accompanyin?repon.*^' pre^ambrlan geology of southeastern Ontario Is given In the GENERAL REPORTS ON PRE-CAMBRIAN OEOLOaV OeoIoKv of Canada. 1883. Jour'*&^eo,'peb*-Vr1*j905^'"""""'"' °" '"* ^^''^ «"P*^'°' K^''""' '''t" Introductory Note. Iron^bear"?s7rle' bfc K''T:^rh°T?\n^,^ X}^\^T^^},'^%''^'''^r «° R^cei.t Studlea of the Aa.s« ^J^S-^f^^S^H&S^Br^ ^^^^^^ "^- -• Geo,. April-May. 1907 ""Binai i^aurentlan .Area of Canada, and Eastern Ontario, .^our. ltoc,2ty%rAme%'?ca':VoL%rpp'l'.28'"- ""^ ^'"''- ^- ^»" «"«• «"»«"" <" »»>• Qe .logical XVirPe'bl-Ma?.' l'9M.^'""'"'*" Correlation, by Prank D. Adams, Journal of Geolog -, Vol. OeoAt^'ey.'"""'" °""'*'' °' ^"'"^ *"""•«">"• "^ Van Hlse and Lelth. Bulletin S Nations of ! .' .' 123,' 124, 126 See also Oorrelatior Uble. to face 12e Sudbury jgi Sutton Mill lakes .....'.'.".■." 138 Thunder Bay 123, 136 Western Quefc"- . 134 Anlmikie series. Bee Animlkean group. Antimony ,/,, Apatite oi Apiite ;;; n Appendix '.■.■.■ .■.■.■.■.■l23-138 "Ple orchards ig^ *«»n "3, 7, 126 jee also Keewatin. Grenvllle and Laurentian. Archeozoic 3 12B Arsenic. Deloro mine no. Industry '.'.'..'.,.. 106 Asbestos iiT- Ash beds. Belmont lake 32^ Autoclastlc conglomerate. Ji,'*^«c 61, 62, 6g, 67 CH'iaour 93^ g^ Baker, M. B. Geology of AbitlW lake 132- Bald mountains. Conglomerate 12 Bff Granite-gneiss .' " "55 Observation tower !.!!.!!.. 14 Bancroft area. QeolOKy ot », 10. 8S 10 B.1C. [139] 140 Bureau of Mines No. 4 PAGE Map 83 Marble quarries 120 Bancroft, J. A. OeoloKy of Western Quebec 133, 134 Barlte 106 Barlow, A. E.. ..6, 9, 83, 84, 85, J34, 135 Barrle township 42, 68 Basalt. Belmont lake 19, 62 Ellipsoidal 31, 41, 66, 90, 131,136 Oilmour area 84, 86, 88 Post-Hastings 8, 19 Road material 117-119 Basic dikes 62, 63, 70, 90, 94 Bass 18 Bathollth 10, 70, 131 Bathjrilte. See Bathollth. Bavaria. Lithographic stone 119 Bay of Quinte railway 89, 121 Bear's Passage. Couchlchlng rocks 137 Bedding. Orenvllle series 20, 41, 43, 44, 50, 90 91 93 Hastings series 26, 28, 3oi 31, 48 Madoc .60, 61, 63, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74 Bell, J. M 135 Belleville. Portland cement 119 Belmont basalt 19, 62, 88, 88 Comparison of, with Madoc andeslte 62 Belmont Iron mine 106 Belmont lake. origin of 16 Belmont Lake area 18-38 Apllte 32 Ash beds 32 Basalt 19. 62, 86, 88 Basalt dikes 33 Bombs 32 Classification of rocks 19 Crystalline limestone analyses ..21, 24 Oabbro-diabase 19 Gold 110 Orenvllle series 19, 20, 34 Hastings series 19, 26, 37 Iron formation 25, 34 Iron mine 37, loe Keewatin 19, 34 Lava 32 Map 18 MIcropegmatlte 33 Paleozoic limestone analysis 34 Post-Hastings Intruslves 19, 31 Trap 33, 117 Topography 14 Belmont township 18, 110, 117 Iron In 106-107 Gold In 110 Trap rock in 117-119 Big island, Beln:ont lake. Conglomerate 26, 30, 35 Crystalline limestone 26 Diabase dikes 33, 37 Eozoon-like forms 22 Limestone analysis 24 PAOK Big ore bed 106, 107 «• Connolly talc mine 41, 113 Contact bay Schlit ..; 36 Contact Process company 101 Cooke. H.C. Oeology of Western Quebec 133 Cook misplckel property 106 Copper pyrites. Eldorado 108, 109 In diabase 94 Mlnlnf 69, 103 With pyrlte 101 Copper smelter 109 Cordova. Oold mine 18. 104, 10«, 110, 119 Iron mine. Cabbro^iabaae 31 Corkill. E. T. Eldorado copper mine 97, 109 Iron pyrites mines 97 Sophia mine m Corliss engine m Correlation, pre-Cambrian 123-138 Table, to face 126 Corunilum 1, 89 Costp. Eugene 10, 59 Couchiching Lake 119 CouchlchinK Series, age of 127 Correlation of, with Orenville ... 127 Rainy lake 137 Relations of 127 S.E. Ontario 23 Sudbury 134 Views of Lawson regarding 127 Cross mine 108 Cross-section. El«evir township 46 Crow lake. Lithographic stone 120 Magnetite deposits 106, 107 Road material 119 Trap 49 Crow River point 23. 28 Crush Jbreccla 62, 65, 67, 87 Crystalline limestone. Bee limestone. Cuesta. Black River formation 16 Cushlng, H. P 83, 86 Cyanlte 82 Dawtfon, 0. M. Literature on pre-Cambrian, sum- mary by 5.7 Dana. System of Mineralogy 91 Decorative material. Marble 120 No. 4 Daar Bay. '*** Conglomerat* 33 Crystalline limaatone 33 Deer Creek vft Daer Lake. Water power j^^ •Deer RtTver 3^ De Kalb, Courtenay io», m Deloro. Arsenic from ig^ Character of ore bodies at 106, 11» Ck)ld mine u^ Granite at n^ Mispickfl at 106, 110 Pioneer producer of white arsenic. 11» Relation of or* to Moira granite.. 110 White arsenic, production of 10( Delyea farm 95, 97 I>' iiudation. Pre-Haatinga u Department of Mines, Ottawa. Work on magnetite depoaiu lOT Diabase. AbltibI i3t Belmont lake i» Big island 37 Cobalt 131 Cordova no Dikes 60. 67. 94 Post-j ^aiitings 48: Road material 117, 119 Sudbury 134 Sutton Mill lakes 138 Thunder bay I86. Use of, for road material 117-110 Diamond gold mine 111, 113 Dike. Acid 37, 8T Analysis of 37 Basic 62, 76, 94 Diabase 33, 50, 94 Pelsite 46, 64, 67, 70. 75 108 Granite 47, 48. 67. 80 Granite-pegmatite 87 Laurentian granite 61 Trap 94 Dill township 184 Dolomite, see aUo limestones. Grenville. Actinolite-Cloyne area 4S analyses 24, 43, 73, 86, 93, 11» Belmont lake area 22-26 Oilmour area 86 Hazzard's Corners area 73. 74 Palmerston area 77 Qneensboro area 92, it Dominion iron mine 107, 108 Smaltite and cobalt bloom IDS' Dor6 series 126, 136 Bee aUo Correlation table, to face. . 126 Dowling, D. B 138- Dual subHliTlslon of pre-Cambrian.. 126 Eldorado Oold .! 60 Copper mine 107. 108, 100' Hematite lor Talc mill HE ma Ia4«x fAQZ nilpMMal itrurturt ....«, M, in. im ■IIU qoarrjr 4> nil. R. W J. n ■tawvir towMhIp ' IS Aettnolite depoalta 117 ConKlomarate B4 CroM-tMtlon 45 l^lslte 54 Laurentlan 44 PalMWoic 00 Mcrt 15 „Trmp 11, BBRllth rWer Ijg ■onon Canadcnw . . 1, }, 9 Belmont lake 23 boulder J3, 35 P«bblei 28, 28. 30, S6 photo, of 22 Ma«kw «2. 113 ■pWote IJ, 32, 83 Bpaomite 99 Eroaion. Pre-Haattnia 12 Bnrthrite 108 Fabre township 18J Fahlband J02 faiibault, B. R 184 Faraday townihlp 106 Fanita. In Paleoiolc 18 Feldspar. InduRtry 1, 89 rvidspar-porphyry. Pebble In conglomerate 48 Felslte Analysis 49 Breccia 93 Olkes, Laurentian 46 Inclusion of rocks In 82, 85, 67, 70 Pebbles in conglomerate 45, 54 Photomicrograph of 93 Post-Hastings 48 Queensboro 45, 90, 93 €k!hlst 62, 93 Ferrlar, W. P. 108 Fish 18 Fllnton Tillage, Onelssic syenite 46 Granite dikes 48 Granite gneiss 12 Green schUt 41 Laurentian 46 Pl'ior spar. Bee fluorlte. Pluorlte. Deposits!, tadoc village 105 „ Uses of 105 Forestry 18 Freleck, E. L. Eldorado copper ■ .Ine 108 Iron pyrltps 97] 100 Frontenac county 1, 39, 42 Fundamental gneiss 6, 7, 8 Actinollte-Clnrne ' 45 Gabbro. Ollmour 87 Gabbro-dlabase. Belmont lake 31 Blairton mine 106 Mt rAoB Gold nilna In no LaurrTitiaB ronuet '. n Galena g, OaBaDoqu*. Talc 115 Gamet-«pldot« rook 15 Garnet aohlst . . 44, M. II. M, 101 Bee alio Almaadtte. Om tips, use of soapatone In manu- facture of 118 Geodetic survey 14 Geological Survey of Canada 11," 10«, „ _. ^ 107. 108. no Georgian bay 14 m Gillespie, G. H 97, ml 115 Gllmour area f^.8| Conglomerate at 81 analysis of matrix of I7 origin of II views of International Committee regarding u Elevation 14 Oamet-epldote rock 85 Gneiss, grey 85, 81 Grenville series 86. 81 analyiea of llmeatones 81 analyses of rusty schUt 85 relation to Keewatln and Hastings 88 Hastings series 87 relation to Keewatln and Gren- Tllle 88 Keewatln serlea at 84 analysis of volcanic fragmental material 84 analyses of green schists 84 composition of 84 volcanic fragmental material In . . 84 Map, to face 83 Post-Hastings Intruslves 87 Olaclation 15 Gneiss. Actlnollte village 45 Bald mountains 57 Fundamental 8, 7, 8, 4.'; Grey, Queensboro .'.,'. '91 Laurentian 12 bi Gold. ■ * Coraova mine no Delotv/ mine 106 no Discovery of. In 1868 " 59 Golden Fleece 112 M'nes '.".".'noil'? Quartz no Sophia { Diamond ) m Golden Fleece mine 112 Conglomerate " "49 55 Ooldthwalt, J. W " ' " '17 ^oasAti 94, 96, 98," "lo's, 109 Oowganda area. Geology of ug Grand Trunk railway 67, 89, 70, 119 Granite. Acllnblite 119 Algoman ifi Bald mountains .!.!!.! 6t> Banding of 12 Blotlte .'.'.'.■.■'.'.' 64 Deloro 119 H4 BUTMMI Of MlM* PAUK 87. 67 DIkM QnaiM Aetinollte-Cloyn» a. P«bblwi *l Kaladar township JT Msalaaw lak<> » KS'".:::::::; ''■'•*-i^'^ pL'hwji---- '.•• '"• *"*• »*>•• »"•' "» noblea In conglom«rate 4g. 53 54 P..ma,l.e. «•"•"•'*."."■ »0.' tM Artlnollte villBge 54 ulKM ••" »A •• Quarry altc ' ' ,',8 Graphite , ^i! In ruity ichiat ,0 0?a*!^"' f''*'"'*'*' Comi-any" ;.'.'; ', [ i5o areenatone. 21. 30. ?« Keewatln. Actlnolltp vlllaiie .... oa Sudbury .11 ThMaalon "* Orenvllle Serlea. Actlnollte-Cloyne area 40 41 42 41 B"""""' of 3,9, 11. 34. 38.' 39, Belmont lake 19. 20. "l. lii. '?3. 2" Character of •? ?S' ?? Clanalfloatlon 3. 4, ' ii. Vo " 21 22 23. 24. 26. ,0. 41. 43! 44. «. sJ.Vli. 8« Ollmour area ss s« O'-'yw-ck* 3. 4, li: Vs.io,' 41:' 44 u.- ... ., ■*'• 5"' W. 88. 90. 101 Haazard's Corners 73 7I Illustrations ..22. 23, 25. 2'?! 45 '74 "loj Iron formation ..3. 4.. 9, 11 19 2>i 4n Jalouttl"' "• '"• "■ "«• »31 'n^'m- Wwrrlver .V.V.V. ''''•'*■ III Limestone. »ee Limestones. Palmerston or Ompah area 77 go 'J'^rt'^e 3,4, 11, 24, 35, M." 40" Queensboro area 90' 91' 92' 93 Relation to Hastings series. .3, 4, 9 ' 12 19, 29, 35. 36. 39, 40,' 52,' 53, 7?, 74 75, 78, 83, 88 KeewatlP ., 9, u, 34 35 39 45, .51, 88, 90 Laurentlan z. 4 11 12 40. 51. 80 Sediments , Sudbury ..j Thickness of Vn 1 1 Oreywack«. ' " Basal member of Grenvllle series..;! 35 Actlnollte-CIoyne area *'''"•"•''• ?2 Belmont Lake are. ...■.■.■.■.■.■.".■.■.26.28 Photo of ^j See alao Hastings an'd " Orenvllie aeries. Griddles, use of soapstone In manu- facture of JJ3 N^ Orlmslborpa township '*?; HalUybury !J* Hallburton area • la Harlow*. '• " Banded cbart ,, Conitlorocrate ?T Iron formation ...'' zi Kuaty scbist J! Harricanaw rl»er .I: Harrington. 11. J J" Hastings. "* County I «• ,.. Group .... I. 3t, m Quarry . . . • • • J Road "• "} Haatlngs series. '"• '» Actlnollte-Cloyne area 39. 40 41 Belmont Uke area ' 'ji jj Character of . .3. 7. 12. 26. 28. »0 81 41 ».....,.. S-,V™": •••.'••. 'i, fig chert pebbles in ' ' ?J eozoon pebbles In 23 2«'"«'o ?k felslte pebbles In ... ' 'Si' b5 granite pebbles In -«. 48. "m." m;'86. granlte«ielsB pebblea In '... .'.46.' 86 greenatone pebbles In ..28, 48. 66, 87 iron formation pebbles In . . 28. 88, 48 „ . 5J, 64. 88. 86. 67. 74 limestone pebbles in. .88. 29. 88. 36, , , 87, 48, 52, 58 analysis of ,8 quartilte pebbles In .'^^'!'^lh6 56 quarts-porphyry pebbles In. 28. 86' 45 u.lmour area 7s 71 sa S^r^-f.**^ 4. 19. 26. 28; 80. 74. 87 Haasard s Corners area 74. 75 Illustrations ...23. 27. 29. 30. 86. 49. 83, I !».» . ''*• '"'• 78. 79. 81 Limestone 4^ j9^ jj 3^ Palmerston or Oiupah area .'. . ' 78* 79 Phase 'a Quaruite . . 4. ii; 19.^28,^ m! 40; 'Vs.'w. 74 Relations to Grenvllle. . .3, 9 U 12 19 «• 22- 52. ".'54.' 86; 87,' 76. 78. 79. 88 ^V,^*«1°,J' •• 11' "• ". 88. 36. 82. 66. 67. 88 Laurentlan... 8. 11. Iz, 62, 64. 66. 66. 78, 79 Temlskaming 4. 19 40 125. 127 ' ' . See aUo Correlation o , , . .. t^ble. to face 126 Schistose character of 12, 26 29 40 48. 62, 5.»P 128 Iroquois Ij Nlplgon, geology of ..'. 135 Ontario 1 Pakowagaming, see Pakowkaini. Pakowkaml 127, 128 St. John 119 Savant ;; 136 Superior region 3, 8, 123, 126, 138 Temagami 131 Temiskaming '. 125 Wanapitei '. 134 Winnipeg .[ 135 L'Amable station 105 Lamprophyre dikes 4 Cobalt 131 Oowganda 132 See also Correlation table, to fan-. . 126 Sudbury 134 Thunder bay 135 Larder lake, geology 132 Laurentian. Actlnollte-Cloyne area... 39. 40, 45, 46, 47, 117 Confusion ol, with Algoman . . 12."), 130 Definition of 127 Gneiss 51 Lake Huron 127, 129 Manitoba, eastern 138 OrlRinal area 7, 8 Palraerston or Ompah area. . .77. 78, 80 Quebec, western 133 Srr Correlation table, to face 126 Southeastern Ontario 3, 4, 11, 12 Syenite 46 System 1, 4_ $ Temagami '. 131 Upper 6, 7, 8 Use of term by Logan and Murray. 129 Weathered surface of 136 Lava. Keewatin 3 ellipsoidal 50, 51 illustration 42 PHlow 4, 40, 42, 45. 50 submarine 3, n, 50 VMM Post-Hastings. Belmont lake area 31-33, 37 Lavant station 14 77 Lawson, A. C. • • • > Algoman granite 125 Couchiching series 127, 137 Steep Rock lake geology I3g f*"l>. C. K 123. 130, 136, 137. 188 Les Orandes Sables 128 Leucoxene 33 Limestones. Paleozoic. ActinoUte-CIoyne area 39, 40. 67 Bolleville ...119 Belmont lake area 19, 33, 34, 37 analysis 34 Hazzard's Corners 73,76 Madoc ' 62 Marmora ...119, 120 analyses 120 Queensboro 90, 94 Bee alto Paleozoic system. Pre-Cambrian. Actinollte-Cloyne area 40, 41, 43, 45, 50, 52 analyses 43 pebbles In conglomerate. .48, 52, 53 Belmont I^ke area. .19. 20. 21. 22 23 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37 analyses 21, 24, 31 pebbles in congl, merate 28, 29, 35, 36, 37 blue 19, 20, 21, 43, 62, 63, 70, 71 78. 74. 90, 93, 101 analy^ea 21. 43. 63, 74, 93 purity of 63 stratigraphic position of 19, 20, 34, 92 Hazzard's Comers area. analyses 73, 74 pebbles in conglomerate 74] 75 Madoc area 60. 61, 62, 63, 71, 72 analyses 63, 67, 113 pebbles in agglomerate and limestone " conglomerate ". . . . 59, 60. 81, 65, 67, 68, 71 magnesian or dolomltic 3, 19, 22, 23, 24, 31, 34, 40, 41, 43, 62, 83, 86, 90, 92, 93. 113 analyses of. .23, 31, 43, 63, 73, 86 93 113 stratigraphic position of.. 19, 34, 92 Palmerston or Ompah area. analyses 77, gi pebbles In conglomerate 78. 79 Queensboro area 90. 92. 93 analyses 93 Sudbury ] 134 Steep Rock lake. foRsIlIferous limestone at 136 Use In Roman atone 121 Western Quebec 134 Literature, geological. On S.E. Ontario 5 Lithographic stone 119-120 Little Current 128 J L1913 Index J rAOE Logmnian group 137 Bee alto Cc. relation Uble to face 126 Logan. Sir W. E 6, 127, 129 Painting of, to face 6 Logan allla 136, 138 Longwell, A 100 Loon lake. Near Port Arthur 13B Southeastern Ontario 40 Lorraln granite 4, 126, 131, 132 Lower Huronlan 4, 123, 130, 133, 136 Lunge 18 Ljrell, Sir Cbarlea 6, 7 Macdonald's aiding 84 Macfarlane, Thos 9, 69 Mackenzie, O. C '.".'. 'l07 Madawaska lake 81 Madoc. Andesite, gee Andesite. Area 59.72 map, to face 59 Basic dikes 70 Blast furnace at 108 Eozoon 62 Pelslte 70 Fluorlte near .., 105 Iron mines 107, 108, 109 Marble quarry 63 Slate quarry 69 Talc mine near 113-116 Town 59 Township 69, 111, 112 Magnetite. Belmont mine 106 Blalrton mine 106 Deposits 33,89,106,107 Manlgotagan river 138 Manitoba, southeastern. Pre-Cambrlan rocks 123, 138 Map 128 Manitoulin Id 128 Maps. List of y_ Distribution of pre-Cambrlan and Paleozoic rocks of Ontario 122 Index map of localities named In correlation table 126 North shore of Lake Huron 128 Geological map of area near Cobalt 130 Map of Sudbury-Cobalt-Porcupine area 133 Marble .1, 89 Bancroft 120 Industry ..!!..! 120 Quarries 63, 120, 121 Marl 94 Marmora. Blast furnace at 106 Qo'd 110 Iron smelting IO7 Lithographic stone 119, 120 Mlsplckel 116 Township [[ 16 Masktnonge ,[[[ Ig Massey station 128 Matagaml lake. Quebec 126 Matagaml series 188 147 PA« See aUo Correlation table to faoe 126 Maslnaw lake 40, 61, 68, 80 Mclnnes, William lag McMillan, J. 182 McNeill, W. K. Analyses by 2, 91, 93 Medina Oold Mining Company 109 Melanterlte 101 Mica 1, 89 Mlea-schiat 62, 79, 110 Mlchlpicoten area, geology I86 Mlcropegmatlte 134 Middle JIuronlan 123 Mine. Blalrton 83, 106 Connolly 113 Cordova 33, no Dominion 107 Eldorado 107 OoW 18. 110-112 Golden Fleece 49, 65 Ifon 18, 33, 106 Iron pyrites 41 Ore chimney 55 Sezsmlth 107 Seymour 69, 107 St. Charles 107 Talc 41, 69, 113-116 Wallbrldge 107 Minerals, list of 1, 89 Mlnnltakle lake 133 Mlsplckel. Arsenic from 106 Deloro mine no Mines 106 Mlssissagl river 127, 128 Mlsslssagui, »ee Mlssissagl. Mississippi river 78, 80, 81 Mistasslnl area 134, 138 Moira. Granite 4, 13, 50. 67, 108. 125 Lake 46, 50 R'ver 12, 46 Monadnock 15 Moore, E. S. Lake Niplgon 135 Lake Savant 136 Wanlplgow series 138 Moose Mt 134 Mount Maria 14 Murray, Alexander 5, 7, 9, ?8, 127, 129 Photo of 6 Nastapoka series i3g Newfoundland. Geological survey 6 New Liskeard 131 Niagara formation 130 Nichols Chemical Company '. lOO Nickel 99 Nickel eruptive, Sudbury .... .'.'.134, 135 Nipigon lake area. Geology of 135 Niplssing diabase. 4, 130, 131, 132, 135. 138 Norlan series 7, 12 Norlte, Sudbury '.'.'.'. 134 Northbrook. Conglomerate 54 55 Gneiss 66 148 Bureau of Mines No. 4 Oranite pebbles 67 Northern Ontario. Keewatln 20 North river '.'.'.21 26 .Northumberland county '.'.'.", . ' 16 Northweat Highlands. Scotland 12 Nottaway river 133 O'Brien, M. J O'Donnell's bridge !..... . Olseau river [[[' Olivine diabase. Cobalt Sudbury Ompah area. See Palmerston. Ontario. Lake elevation ] ' " Map of Province .122, Northern Rock Co 18, 118,' photo of plant Ontarlan group Ontarlc group ...'.'. Ophicalclte Orchards Ordovlclan systeoi. Southeastern Ontario. See Paleozoic and Black River Ores. GoW F9. 105, 110, 111, Iron .106 List of ;;, 1 Ore chimney mine Orlllia Ormsby Junction .........' Ottawa. River . Valley '.'.".'.'."..'. Outliers. Paleozoic 101 46 138 131 134 1 16 126 3, 4 119 118 127 127 89 18 112 109 89 65 17 85 8 5 16 Paints, use of talc In manufacture of 113 Pakowagamlng lake. See Pakowkarai. Pakowkami lake 127, 128 Paleozoic system. Actinollte-CIoyne area 39, 40, 57 Belmont Lake area 19, 33^ 34^ 37 Hazzard's Corners area 73 map, to face * 73 Madoc area ' ' 52 map, to fare \[ 59 Outliers " 15 Queensboro area .90, 94 See also limestone. S.E. Ontario, general ...4, 13, 119, 120 Topogranhy 15 Palmer, H \'\ lOi Palmer Iron pyrites deposits. .93, 101, 102 Palmerston or Ompah area 77-82 Analyses of limestone at 77 Elongated pebbles In Hastings con- glomerate 78 Granite at 81 Grenvllle series at 77 Orey gneiss at sO Hastings conglomerate, photo of. . 79 Hastings series 7g Map, to face 77 Pegmatite at ','.'.[ si Thickness of Hastinga conglomerate.' ..78 Paper, use of talc In manufacture of. 118 Paris exhibition 6 Parks, W. A 121 Patricia, district of 138 Pebbles, see Hastings series. Pegmatite. Oranite 50 Post-Hastings 39, 48, 81 Peneplain 55 Peterborough. County 1, 18 Town 14 Physiography ..', le Pig iron 106, 107, 108 Pillow lava. Cobalt 131 S.E. Ontario 4, 11, 40, 45, 50. 90, 131, 135 Sec ellipsoidal structure. Sudbury 134 Pine .■;;;; ig Pittsburg 106 Pleistocene 4, 16, 73, 90 Queensboro area 94 Plevna ; 105 Pontiac county, Quebec 133, 134 Poplar 18 Porcupine. Geology of 132 Keewatln 41 Map i26_ 133 Porphyry. See quartz-porphyry. Portland cement 119 Port Arthur \ 135 Post-Hastings Intruslves. . .4, 13, 31-33, 48, 50, 83, 87, 90, 93, 94 Post-Temiskamlng granite 125 Potsdam sandstone g Pre-Animlkle granite .'.,' 125 Pre-Cambrlan. Correlation 123-138 Table, to face 126 Pre-Laurentlan rocks 127 Pre-Laurentlan sediments ." 125 Proterozolc 3, 125 Pseudo-conglonurate. ..61, 62, 83, 87 101 Pyrlte. See iron pyrites. Pyrltohedrons of pyrite 102 Pyroxene. In eozoon 2 Pyrrhotlte 99 In rusty schist 92 Quartz, gold no Quartz-feldspar gneiss 26, 80, 81 Quartzlte. Actlnollte-Oloyne area 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 48, 50, 52 Analysis 74 1913 Index 149 TAOC Belmont lake area !•• 26, 28, 35 PebblM In Hasting* conglomerate 65. 56 Queenaboro area " Quarta-porpbyry. Dikes "- " Kiladar township « PebWea in Hastings conglomerate.. 28, S6, 46, 62, 65. 57, 74, 76, 78, 79, 87, 88 Mlchlplcoten 135 Quebec province. Map 12« Pre-Cambrlan rocks.... 1, 123. 133, 134 Queenaboro area. OoM "J Iron pyrlte. 41, 89-105 Riuty schist ♦* Map. to face • »» Rocka of 90-9* Queenaboro village, pyrlte mines near 8»-10< Railways . .67, 69, 70, 77, 105, 106, 119, 121 Bay of Qulnte railway 121 Canadian PaclHc railway 77, 119 Central Ontario railway 105, 106 Grand Trunk railway. . .67, 69, 70, 119 Kingston and Pembroke railway.. 77 Rainy lake, geology of 137 Rama township ii" Ramsay lake series 123, 134 See aUo Correlation table, to fact-. 126 Rat Root bay 137 Rebstock property 105 Relationships. Rocks of ActlnoUte-Cloyne area 40. 50-57 Belmont lake area... 19, 34-37 " Qilmour area 83 88 Hazzard's Corners area. 73, 75 " Madoc area 59-62 Palmerston area 77, 78. 79 " Queensboro area 90-94 Rhyolite 62-65, 70 Analysis of 64 Madoc, iron deposits In 108 Rice bay J37 Rice lake J"' Richardson gold mine 108 Road material H' Roddy bay. Schist 35 Rogers, W. R. Acknowledgments to 2 Belmont lake map 18 Topography of S.E. Ontario 14-17 Roman stone •,„ ^?i Round lake 15. 18. 37 Rusty schist. Actlnollte-Cloyne area 41, 44, 60 Analyses of 85 Belmont lake area 28 ailmonr area *♦ Graphite in 92 Harlowe »^ FAOK In GrenvlUe series J Iron pyrites deposits in •• Photomicrograph of J* Queensboro ' ■ ' , ?„ Relation to pyrlte deposits ....99. lo^ St Charles Iron mine 107. 108 St. John lake "' St. Mary's river ^'1 St. Maurice ,2 Sammy Island •• t' Sand '"'JT Sandstone , „« Sault 8te. Marie :}^» Savant lake area **" Saw-mill bay. „. Basalt •• ,„ Lava 21. 32 Limestone Schist. ,„ an Chlorite "• J, Pelslte II Garnetlferous JJ| Green .,. .a Hornblende i"- "" Pyrltous qo Rusty, Queensboro " Serlclte Scotland. 19 ab Northwest Highlands ^^- « Pre-Cambrlan Section. ,. Elzevir township • • • • Sediments, sec Hastings and Gren- vlUe series. Seine series. ,_, Rainy lake "' Steep Rock lake '■'>' Selvage. , ,. 99 Iron pyrites deposits »» Serlclte schist •• ^J^ Serpentine eV inT' 108 Sexsmlth mine 65, 107, los ^^Cp*""' ....59.107,108 Mine ' gg Power company ^g Township , m Selwyn, A. R. C ^'g^ Shale ; ••, • • Shebahahnahning. see KlUarney. Shoal lake 136. 1" Sldonla island. g Conglomerate ~ Limestone pebbles ;" Photo of "' Sills. Logan. . Thunder bay ^*° Silver Island *^ Sliver, L. P "^ Skootamatta river. Actlnollte 39. 45, 117 O'Donnell's bridge *"» Slate, see also Hastings series. Madoo »" analyses of "• Quarry 5| Smaltlte ^^ tm Bureau of Mines No. 4 Smelter. Copper 109 Eldorado 109 iJO" IM. 107, 108 «M00 108 Smyth, H. L. 137 ?now road g4 Soapstone 113 Sodallte 1, 89 Solenhofen. Lithographic stone 119, 120 Spanish. River 129 Station 128 Sophia gold mine ......89, 111 Squaw point 21 24 Statistics. ■ ■ Actlnollte 117 Iron ore .106-7 Iron pyrites 104 Talc ; 115 Steep Rock lake, geology 136 Stewart, R. B., report by 132 Stone. ?""^'n« 117, 119, 120 Lithographic 119 Stony creek ' ok 8trl«B. Olaclal, Queensboro 94 Submarine lava n, 50 90 Sudbury. Geology 74, 123. \2i, 181. 133»iat Sudbury series .427, 134 Sudbury-Cobalt-Porcuplne map ... 133 Sulphide station 12 Sulphuric acid. Use of pyrlte In 89 Superior, lake 3 •Sutton Mill lakes. Geology of 133 Map 128 Syenite. Pllnton 4g Gnelsslc \\[[ 48 Kaladar township 47 Laurentlan 49 Swastika. Geology of 132 Map 126 Talc. Connolly mine 113 Eldorado mill 115 Qananoque " 115 Henderson mine 59, 113, 116 Industry 113-116 Mines 113-118 Statistics 115 Taylor, P. B 17 Taylor Island 21 Temagaml. Geology of 131 Table, to fare .' 126 Temlskamlan group. Character of 125, 127 Sep also Correlation table, to face. 126 Use of term 127 I _ . . . PACE Temlskamlaa sedlmenta, photo of. . . 124 Temlskaming lake « Temlskamlng aerlea. AbKlbl lake m Cobalt 4. 124. 126. 129. 180. 181 Conglomerate, photo of 135 Manitoba, eastern 138 MIcblplcoten " 135 Relations of.. 4, 19. 40. IV, 181, 186. 187 See Correlation table, to face ]2S Bee alio Hastings and Sudbury series. Sudbury 134 Western Quebec '.'.'..'. 133 Thessalon. Greenstone 130, 131 Huronlan 123 Map ...'...'.'. 128 Volcanic rocks 134 TImlskamlng. See Temlskamlng. TImagaml. See Temagaml. Thunder bay 123, 135, 138 I opograpby. S.E. Ontario 14.17 Toronto ".*. _' "_' ' ig Torrldonlan series ..........'. 36 Tourmalin" " 102 Trap. Belmoat lake area 33 Dikes 94 Madoc 119 Scarry 18, ' 117." 118, 119 Road material 117 Rock 1 89 Tremollte .'.' nj Trent river .' .ie,' V06, 107 Troii' ig Tudor township ".'.'.'.'.'.' '9 83 T«ff 8, 32, 62,' 63,'65! 67 Tweed. Station, conglomerate 12 Topography 15 Twin Islands '.2*4, 80 Unconformities. Hastings and Grenvllle...4, 12, 19, 86. 37, 40, 52-57, 73, 75, 78, 79, 83, 88 Hastings and Keewatin . . . 4, 12, 19, 36. ,, ,, 37, 40, 62-67, 83, 88 Hastings and Laurentlan 4, 12, 40, 52-67, 78. 79 Keewatin and Orenvllle 3 See also Correlation table, to face. 128 Upper Huronlan 128, 186 Van HIse and Leith 2, 6, 123, 130 ir w w 136. 188 Van Norman, Mr 107 Veins. Fluorlte 105 OoW. 33, 106, 110-112 Mlsplckel 106 Vennor HO. 6, 6, 9. 10, 62. 66 Vermilion lake. Pyrlte deposits 13$ I N 1913 Index J81 VMUvlanlte 101 Volney, C. W. .".'!!." 120 W«diworth lake gg Wallace, R. c '.'.'.'.'.'.' isg Wallbrldge hematite mine . . ... .107, 109 Wan^iltel lake ' JsJ Wanlplgow river, Manitoba isg Map J2« WanlplKow eerier .'.'.'.'.'."." iS8 Wellington, Stephen 97 Wells, J. W, ' On mlsplckel properties io5 West Twin Island jg Whitewater series. Sudbury 123. 134 135 Wlllmott, A. B 100 136 Wilson, A. W. O. iw. 136 Physiography, 8. E. Ontario. .. .16, 17 _,,, Nlplgon 1S6 Wilson bay. Basalt 37 Conglomerate • a Oreywackfi m Pine . ?r Quartxlte '.[ •« Wilson, M. E. Larder lake 134 Pontlac county 1 j^ WInlsk rlTer J« Wunnumln lake. Geology of 133 **»!' 126 Zinc blende ga mi Zolslte .v. . 19 \