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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent ia mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 H > > H- en- n CD S -«1 o X o D & n 3 ■s- I o o c o > w t -I M |i ?■; r ^:i '8 'Xi o o H €11 I PRVINCE ) LOWER Canada] COURT OF APPEALS. In a cause, between PHILEMON WRIGHT, (Defendant in the Court below,) AND Appellant, LUCY CUVILLIER, (reprenant V Instance in the Court below,) n Respondent, WILLIAM HULLET, (Plaintiff i^ tli^ Court below.) APPELLANT'S CASE. Ill T, If • f"^L "^^^ *" Action bronghtby the late William HuUet, in his lifetime, fo<- the recovery " of five hundred pounds of current money of ihis " Province, for ground rent of divers large quantities of staves, timber and " Dlank, ot and belonging to him the said Philemon Wright and kept for a *' long tune on a certain cove or beach, of and belonging to the said Wiiliam "Hullet, situate and being atSilleri, in the parish of Ste. Foi." near the City of Quebec. ' •' To this declaration the Appellant pleaded:— 1** A General Demurrer. 2* A plea of general issue non assumpsit. 3" A plea of Peremptory Exception. ' 1» this last plea the Appellant stales, that the cove or beach, mentioned in the declaration of the Plaintiff in tlie Court Ixlow, is part of the beach of the river St. Lawrence and an appendage thereof, which said river being a navigable riyei-^ he the said Appellant had and hath a right, in common with all other His Majesty's subjects, to navigate the same and make use of and place upon the beach thereof his timber, without paying for such use, and placing afore- said fx) any person or persons whomsoever any rent of sum of money for the use of the said bcacli or cove, as in and by the said declaration is demanded. 2dly.— That the said William Hullet is not the owner, proprietor or lessee ■ 1 wnV" ""^^'^ ^^' *^"^^ nieutioned in the said declaration, and that he the saul >V illiam Hullet hath not acquired any right or title thereto in any manner whatsoever to entitle him to demand, sue for and receive anv rent or sum of inoiiev from the Defendant or from any person whomsoever, " for any timber placed or laid on the said beach or cove. 3dly — That by law the said beach or cove is inalienable and the pro- perfv Ihcrcof together with the river St. Lawrence, of which the said covo or lieac 1 IS an appendage, is vested in our Sovereign Lord the King and reserved tor the f/er- use of Ins subjects navigating the said river St. Lewit nee. 4thlv.— That the said William Hullet hath not anv grant, lease or title of any (lescriptiun or kind whatsoever from our said Lord tlu; King, or from any person or persons holding or deriving any title fVoni our said Lord the King to entitle linn to ask. demand., sue for or rt^reive „ny rent or sum of money for tiinnpr mid nr t>Iu<>>»I nn ^\\,^ Lin:, I l.^..„l. •' limber laid or placed on the said beach m or cove. Upon M: ... h iU 'i yi Upon these several pleas issues were joined, ■^Uie part|ics wece b^a,rd ou tl^c pleadings, and on the 19th. of February 18r6, me Court below dismissed the AppeUapt's (Jeijif/ijer. jvjith costs. The cause was then inscribed upon the Roll of Enquetes, and several witnesses were examined on the part of the Respondent. The items, which ^ ^.ef^ondent atteoiptfld Jo ^tablish, were,-— l^ Reot for timber shipped from the Appellant's Raft, whilst it was afloat opposite the Respondent's grounds, but tied to a tree upon or near them. 2° Rent for timber placed by the Appellant above high water mark, upon or opposite the Respondent's gounds. Upon this evidence the parties went to trial and the Appellant maintained, 1st. — That the land lying between high and low water mark formed part ofthebed of the river St. Lawrence, and that he the Appellant, in common with others the King's subjects, was entitled to use the same as well as the shore of the river. 3y the' civil law the beach ai»d dhores of navigable rivers belpnged tp tlje proprietors pf the adjoining lands, the use of them belonged to the public— (Viunius ad Inst. tit. de rerTdiv. §. 4. — Accurs ad Inst, de rcr, div. §. 4.— Cujac. lb. pag. J 1. litt. D. AcosUi. ibid.)— The beach or the interval of land, between high and lo^y w^J^r mark, was considered part of the bed of the river.— (Ins. lib. 2. tit. I. «. 3.) The shores and banks of navi^ble rivers (or the declivity adjoining to the high water mark, L 1. ^ 5. D. deflum.) were considered as accessories to the rlvpr. " Usus riparum (says Viunius) ita publicus est ut fluuunis : quinim6 " ripse usus nihil aliud est, quam ipsius fluminis, cum per ripam flumineufamur. " Weqque quaecumque sunt interdicta ad tueudum usum publicum fluminis, ^ *' eadem sunt et conjunctim ad tuendum usum riparum. — L. 1. et passim, tit. * *' de flum. Ait ( Justianus) jure gentium quasi dicat, hujic usum atque hanc " servUutem ripis a uatura impositam esse omnibus, quibus flumine uli jure " gentium licet, etiam ripis ripis ad eum usum uti liceat, ciim nee flumine "aliter uti commode possint." — Vinnius ad Ins^ de rer. (Jiv. §.4. Accordingly the public had a right to attach fastenings to trees growing upon the shor^(Iust. d. t. §. 4.) to discharge load upon tlie shores, (Ibid.) to build huts thereortv,(§. 5.) as fully and freely as they had to navigate the river V itself. — Sicut per ipsum flumen navigare, (Inst, ib.) ■ The only difference between the law of France and the civil law upon this head, is t!iat iu Franco the King was vested with the property of the beds, beaches and shores of navigable rivers and held them in trust for the public. (Ferr. Inst. Vol. II. pp. 8. 9. 12. 13.— Poth. droit de propriete, no. 161.— Rep. de Jur. verbo Riviere.— Coll. de Jur. verbo Atterrissement.— Feniere D. Dt. verbo Rivage — Domat, Racquet, Tr. des droit de Justice, p. 406 — Ord. de la Marine, liv. 4. tit. 7. act. I. and Ordces. there cited.) An(l such is too;;the Law of England— (C!om. Dig. Navigation A.— Prerogative D. 61 —Viner. Soil A.— Davis Reports 154.— Hale de Jure Maris apud Bacon's abridgt. Preroga- tive B. 3. in notis.) — If it were necessary it might be shewn that it was the law of the whole of continental Europe — of Germany, (Heinece : Elom Jur. Germ, lib. II. Tit. 1. §. 8.)— Of Spain, (Maymo et Ribes Instit. Jur. Rom. et Hispa- ni. lib. II. tit. 1. §. 13.)— And of the United Provinces, (Voit ad Pand. Ub.41. tit. 1. §. 18.— Huber de Jure Civit. lib. 2. s. 4. cap. 4. §. 13.) Consistently with these principles an Ordonnance was, on the ]S May 1665, issued by the Superior Council, to secure to the subjects of the French King, the free navigation of the St. Lawrence and the use of its shores. — Le Couseil a ordoriue a toutes personnes qui out et auront des clfiturcs a faire sur le bond du fleuve, de les rnettre en sorte qu'il reste deux perches librcs au-dessus des plus haufes marees pour la liberie taut du passage des charreteset bestiaux que de la navigation, &c. — Edits et Ordces. t. II. p. 126. The Appellant relying upon these authorites, trusted that he had shovvn that the Respondent could not recover from hint the rent of the beach nor the rppt of the «nr>rp. As . of February costs. I, and several were,— t it was afloat ear them. water mark. it maintained, : formed part ;, in common as well as the iijable rivers Din belonged 1 Inst, (le rer, tr the interval )f the bed of joining to the ssories to the lis : quinim6 mineutamur. ;uin flnminis, 3t passim, tit. n atque hane Tiine uli jure nee flumine rces growing res, (Ibid.) to ate the river il law upon f of the beds, r the public. . 161.— Rep, rriere D. Dt. )6 — Ord. de ;h is toOjthe — Viner. Soil ^t. Preroga- L was the law Jur. Germ, n. et Hispa- 'and. lib. 41. S May 1665, reueh King, — Le Conseil ; sur le bord ii-dessus des bestiaux que had sllc^vn 3ach nor iha As As to the remniuiHg rent claimed by the Respondent, it could only be re* covered, as rent of ground, other than the bcar'a. But, I'* There was no evidence of any specific quantity of timber having been put higher up than two perches from high water mark. 2* The declaration is for ground rent of a beach. To award rent for ground, which was not a beach, would be to award that which was not asked by the Respondent. Yet the Court below, on the 19th. day of April 1817, gave the following Interlocutary Judgment : — " La Cour ayant cntendu lea Avocats des parties, " ordonne, avant fairc droit, que des Experts, dont los parties conviendront, Ic " dix deMai prochniu, Cour tenaiite, sinon seront alors noniiuea d'office, ilsera " par eux constate, parties presentes, on duemeiit appellees, qu'elle est la juste " valeur du loyer on occupation des diver>v.,..^\ /W^ with inter est and costs. \ \ Quebec, 1st November, 1818. ■'/.<-,