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The Disallowance Question, as it is popularly called, cannot be treated by Parliament as a party question. Whatever ardent politicians may desire, the people of Canada decline to range themselves in party attitude on a question of such moment to the commercial future of the country ; and the will of the people may be expected to find suitable expression in a Canadian Parliament. The question before the people of Canada to-day is a simple but a momentous one. Not since the foundations of our Confederation were laid have graver issues been presented for final settlement. Seldom in our history as a people are we likely to be called upon to deal with a question bearing so intimately and so seriously upon our commercial and political future. The question is this : After an expenditure of public and private funds, amounting to one hundred and fifty millions of dollars, in the purchase of the North- West Territory, in the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the suppression of two rebellions, the survey- ing and partial settlement of immense tracts of the newly acquired and newly developed territory, the establish- ment, over a vast but scantily peopled area, of our politi- cal and municipal and local institutions, are we to aban- don the country and the commerce we have thus created, and hope to create, and hand it over to the people of the United States? Are we, with our eyes wide open, to foster those railway schemes and private speculations which can S'V'^lf- / 4 J > ) J 3f-^f/ 2 'm only have a saleable value at the expense of the eommercc oi' our country — a commerce created and secured at such avast cost to the p(»opleof(^inada ? Must we not only com- mit commercial sui , • I* • • • 3 rommerco red at such )t only corn- he political >t' the Cana- tations and d linl: their ople of the >lved in the nitoba who to Hell, the the 8U(!t»Mtiii«^ tho ila and the trado ques- )m(' a politi- diaii Parlia- »t' tho Cana- to the trado )e estimated iiic railway year. We oduces this hich it will ousand peo- iiihabitants, ires and de- immunities. it of 800,000 ladian mer- uid laborers ly and lake vho are en- he country. amount to itants have -West to be policy both This policy ' in Canada, hose of the North-West. It is a policy which every patriotic Cana- dian approves. It is a prime factor in a truly National Policy. Wc must lejL^islate not to buihl up the tradt? of forcijT'n countries, but to aut^ment the trade of (^inada. Our commercial interests are not in St. Paul or Duluth or Chicanfo, or Boston or New York, or Portland or Balti- more, but in Toronto and Hamilton, and London and Montreal, and Ottawa and Quebei-. and St. John and Halifax and Winnipeg- and a hundred other Canadian trade «'entres, gri^at and small. For what are we expend- ing- hundreds of millions in cash and lands, for railways, for canals and harbors ? Is it for the development of Canada or for the development of the United States and their cities and harbors :* Why should live millions of Canadians undertake, for the extension of trade and com- merce and the consolidation and unity of this country, such burthens as no other young country ever assumed, if, at the very outset of a most promising career of de- velopment, she can be forced, by a very limited number of people, to reverse her national policy, abandon her dreams of internal trade, based largely on lavish public expendi- ture, and content herself with seeing her life-blood drained into foreign veins to increase the wealth and strength and energies of a country that refuses to trade with her except on terms which can only result in her complete absorption 7 To suggest such a retrograde policy is to condemn it. To speak of it as a policy fitted to consoli- date the widely separated portions of our common coun- try is to speak the language of insanity. Let us reflect upon what has occurred in Manitoba and the North- West in a few years. The people and Parliament of Canada were asked to purchase the North-West Territories, and they did so, at a cost, including the first rebellion, of several millions of dollars. They were asked to build the railway from Montreal. to the Pacific Ocean, and they did so at an out- 6 lay in ( Misliaiid liimls of one hiiiidh'd and twculy luillioUH, which private iiivcNtiiu'iitN havo nwoHcii to two hundred and tw«'iity iiiillioiiM. Th«;y w*!r»^ askod to build or to subsidize braimh railways, and they did «o by j»:il'tH of public lands, which enabled our railway companies to provide an expenditure of sixteen millions for branch lines aloue. They were asked to survey the public lands, and they have done so to th<» exti'ut of millions of acres. They have improved the rivors of the North-West and fa(!ilitated their mivigation. They have fed the Indians at an expense of a million annually ever since the coun- try was taken oveir. They have »'xpended other millions in getting- immii^rants into the North-West. They have paid for the machinery of i*»deral and local government, at one time and another, an immense sum, which cannot be deiinitely calculated at tht^ moment. In fact, the Canadian people have dealt so liberally with Manitoba and ihe North-West generally that the result has been a substantial development and progress that are the admiration of all who havi^ been made ac- quainted with the country's condition. And now that these burthens have been imposed upon the Canadian people ; now that those millions have been expended in the dtnelopment of the country, we are to be coolly told that the time has arrived when all these expenditures, all this progress and development, must be utilized to aug- ment the commerce and enrich the railway traffic of a foreign ( ountry, instead of coming eastward over our national highway to national markets and national sea- ports, and being utilized to the best advantage of the general commerce of our common country ! There can be but one reply to such unpatriotic assumptions. Those who allege as a reason why the trade of Mani- toba and the North-west should be tapped and diverted to build up Minnesota and other United States interests pre- tend that Manitoba has not the necessary railway facili- Lty niillioiiH, wo huiulrod build or to » by j^il'tH of )iiipanit's to tor branch )ubli(' liindM, oils ot" aore8. h-Went and the Indians tho coun- h(>r millions They have [government, ^hich cannot 80 liberally illy that the ind progress ^en made ac- id now that he Canadian expended in e coolly told 3nditure8, all lized to aug- f traffic of a ird over our national sea- ntage of the ! There can tions. ade of Mani- id diverted to interests pre- lilway facili- ticH for reachinff the markets of the vorld. As a matter of fa< t, however, Manitoba hiw more miles of railway to her popuiution than any other province of the Dominion, Let us s«'e how she stands in this particular. The I'rovince of Manitoba has a white population of less than 100,01)0, and the North-West Territories have a white populati<»n of probably 60,000. This tract t)f country has now liiu's of railway as follows : — i I ('nimdim) I'ttcitic liaihiaij : — Koowiitin to \V'inni|)R^ WiiuiiiM^^; to Sti'plieri Hraiiflnis to tlio U.S. bonier — tlm)ui;li Honllmrii Mai)itol)a and to Selkirk, (>t(; MnuitofMi (1)1(1 Northwentnn Kailitxtif : — Main Lino Hrant'lien 4M:{ 180 North II (8t i'odldiKl NdritjatUm Co Rt'ijiiKi (ttid Iahkj Lake I/wlxdti's lldy lidiliran •••••• Total 1523 202 10«» 2;{ 40 18U7 If we were to limit the mileage to the 100,000 people of Manitoba alone, it would be found that the people of that province have more miles of railway and greater and better accommodation in stations, elevators, railway equipment, etc., than any equal number of people in any other part of Canada, or, for that matter, in any other part of the world. On what grounds do the people of Manitoba ask the merchants, manufacturers, and |)eople of Eastern Canada, to consent to the abandonment of the policy of Disallow- ance ? Not because of iusuthcieut railway facilities, for they have now more than a mile of railway for every hundred inhabitants. Not because their railways are badly built, badly equipped, or badly managed, or because the service is in any way unsatisfactory, for, in these par- 8 ticulars, even the most violent agitators against Disallow- ance admit that there is nothing to complain of. It can be then only because the rates are unjust or oppressive, and this, indeed, is the only claim that has been urged. But even if this claim were justified by the facts, it is not a sufficient ground for the reversal of a policy which was adopted for National Protection. The Government has full control over the rates of every railway in the North- west, the Canadian Pacific as well as the others, and a remedy is within easy reach. If it can be show n that the railway rates in Manitoba or any other section are unjust or oppressive, the people of the whole country will see to it through their representatives in Parliament that justice is done. If Manitoba has been suffering under exorbitant rates for years, why has not an application for redress been made to the Railway Committee of the Privy Council, so that the facts on both sides might be brought out ? There have been general statements in the newspapers, that the rates of the Canadian Pacific were too high, and these have been answered by counter statements, with figures and comparisons to show that they were not. The people of the country will not be satisfied with newspaper statements, on the one hand, or the assertions of the railway companies on the other ; and while they are bound to see that no community is unjustly oppressed by the railways, they are equally bound to see that the vast amount of capital invested in the railways is fairly protected. It is alleged that Manitoba's markets are not the best, and that her agricultural population could do better were they at liberty to market by other railways than those now running into the province. This contention can not be maintained. The prices of wheat may be taken as a criterion, and it is sufficient under this head to point out that Dakota farmers have carried thfeir wheat into Manitoba to a market, and after paying transportation charges and aoainst Disallow- i^plaiu of. It can ust or oppressive, has been urged, the facts, it is not policy which was Government has vay in the North- the others, and a 1 be shov^n that other section are hole country will a Parliament that 1 suffering under ot an application ay Committee of both sides might gneral statements ; Canadian Pacific wered by counter )ns to show that mtry will not be the one hand, or on the other ; and :nunity is unjustly tally bound to see sd in the railways kets are not the on could do better ailways than those ontention can not nay be taken as a head to point out heat into Manitoba at ion charges and Canadian duties have been better olf than in their home market. Equally strong testimony to the satisfactory position of the Manitoba farmer, is the fact that many farmers are selling out in Dakota and taking up lands in Manitoba. On this point the statements of members of Parliament from Manitoba are conclusive. Of course, it is possible for a railway, such as the St, Paul and Manitoba, or the Northern Pacific, that wishes to carry into the United States the traffic which should flow through Canadian channels, to reduce transportation rates below the cost of hauling, with a view to forcing trade into new channels, and this it might do even for years in the expectation of making the diversion perma- nent. This is certainly a danger to be guarded against by the commercial communities of Canada ; but this is not legitimate railroading ; and although it might be done with the object already named and for the further purpose of breaking down our Canadian system of rail- ways which gives us independent connection with our North-western country, it would probably happen that this object once accomplished and the trade of the North- west placed at the mercy of those foreign corporations, our Northwest brethren would find themselves delivered into the hands cf hard taskmasters. To learn what Uni- ted States railway corporations are capable of doing, we have only to look back to the popular uprising against their unfair, unjust and disastrous discrimination and op- pression, which has led to the recent iron-clad legislation of the U. S. Congress directed against che entire railway system of that country ; and it is only necessary to glance at the railway columns of the United States press to learn that the Canadian Pacific is regarded by the railways there with a feeling of the most intense hostility, — a feel- ing growing out of the fear of this young and vigorous giant which Canada has created. It is only necessary to 10 HI read the proceedings of the traffic meetings of the Ameri- can railways to discover that, to them, the Canadian Pacific is a disturbing element of the most serious pro- portions, and one which they feel they must crush at any cost and by means of any possible combination. If it is shown that the 100,000 people of Manitoba are already better supplied with railways than an equal num- ber of people in any other part of America, that the trade of the country is favoured by moderate railway charges on local traffic, that Manitoba products are carried to their eastern markets and the Canadian seaboard at rea- sonably low rates, what argument remains to be urged by those who insist upon measures for diverting the trade of that province and the Territories into foreign channels ? Is it pretended that United States monies have contri- buted to the building up of that country ? Is it because United States capital has poured into Manitoba, that we should turn the trade of the province into United States channels ? Aie the people of that province under a heavy load of obligation to United States banks and merchants and railways for standing by them during the days of depression that followed the " boom ?" To ask these ques- tions is to answer them. Canadian and British capital alone has been risked in that country, before, during, and since the "boom." To Canadian banks, Canadian mer- chants, Canadian pluck, Canadian enterprise, it is due that there is any Manitoba, any Canadian North- West. The sacrifices of the Eastern Provinces, through the public re- sources and the public credit, and of eastern merchants and manufacturers, and the people of the Eastern Provinces gen- erally, have been on no limited scale to make that country what it is to-day. Certainly the railway and mercantile interests of the United States had neither lot nor part in the great work. Whoever or whatever has contributed to the settlement and the commercial development of the Canadian North- West, the people and especially the rail- to f try tho the 11 the Ameri- Canadian erious pro- rush at any 1. anitoba are equal num- at the trade ay charges carried to oard at rea- be urged Qg the trade n channels ? lave contri- [s it because oba, that we fnited States ider a heavy d merchants the days of k these ques- •itish capital during, and madian mer- it is due that i-West. The he public re- lerchants and 'rovinces gen- 1 that country d mercantile >t nor part in s contributed )pment of the ially the rail- ways of the United States have done nothing in that direction. That they have busied themselves in the affairs of that portion of our Dominion is not denied. It is, unfortunately, only too true. Their public journals have persistently assailed our North- West. They have slandered the country and its every feature. There has been no form of misrepresentation in which they have not indulged. They encouraged, in one form or another, both of the rebellions in that country. The agents of the U.S. North Western railways have been its bitterest enemies m Europe, poisoning the minds of Europeans against Manitoba and diverting emigration from the country by every means in their power. When emigrants were obliged to pass over United States railways to reach Manitoba, they were waylaid and induced to abandon their trip to point of destination and take up lands in the North- Western States. Where Canada was engaged in building up, these hostile influences were working with all their might in pulling down ; and it is within the recollection of the Canadian people that no young and struggling community, no new and well favored pro- vince, was ever subjected to such misrepresentation and outrage as were the people and the Province of Manitoba at the hands of the railway interests now seeking to steal the valuable and growing trade of that very country. These are facts which can not be forgotten, and they form a slender basis for claiming to be rewarded by the trans- fer of Manitoba's trade from its present legitimate channel to foreign marts and foreign ports. This serious question must be fought out in our Houses of Parliament without unnecessary delay. The future of our North-West Provinces and Territories may as well be settled at once and for good. We Canadians have a coun- try extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific — nearly four thousand miles in extent. The population, the wealth, the enterprise lie here in the Eastern Provinces ; the vir- 12 ■'4> . I I gin prairies, the rich granaries, the great grazing (Country, the future homes of untold millions lie there in the West. The two great divisions, separated by great lakes and a rocky territory, we have paid enormously to con- nect, for political and commercial and national purposes, by means of a great railway system, which is so truly national that its movements are watched with as much jealousy as are the operations of the government of our country. To unify this extended country, our govern- ment has expended untold millions. To build up our industries, we have adopted a policy of Tariff Protection. To develope our internal resources, we have bonused sub- sidiary railways without number, all forming part of a national system of internal development. The national interests called for a Short Line Railway connecting Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Quebec, etc., with our winter ports in the Lower Provinces, and Parliament responded to the call. The next step was to require that ocean mail steamships, subsidized by Parliament, should not make a foreign port their point of destination, and the claims of Halifax in Nova Scotia and St. John in New Brunswick were at once conceded by the Government ; and Portland in Maine — for thirty years the winter port of the Upper Provinces — was practically abandoned by the Administra- tion. All these indications of the trend of the national sentiment mark the lines on which our future must be built. None of these examples of legislation were acci- dental ; it was the spirit of the people speaking through their representatives. But why make winter port^i at St. John and Halifax for Northwest traffic, why connect Quebec and Montreal and Ottawa and Toronto and Hamilton with the North- west, why expend untold millions in the Northwest itself, why make ports on Lake Superior and extend the ramifications of our railway system through the North- west with an energy unparallelled, if we are now tosup- inl I 13 ng (fountry, lere in the great lakes iisly to con- al purposes, is so truly ith as much ment of our our govern- >uild up our fF Protection, jonused sub- ag part of a The national connecting ;h our winter snt responded at ocean mail d not make a the claims of w Brunswick and Portland of the Upper le Administra- f the national iture must be ion were acci- iking through L and Halifax and Montreal th the North- he Northwest ad extend the ^h the North- re now to sup- ply open gates through which the commerce of the North- west is to be diverted into United States channels to en- rich in the future all the foreign agencies through which this commerce is to be distributed ? Are the merchants, the manufacturers, the agriculturists, the artisans, the tax paying communities of the Eastern Provinces en bloc to be now told that the same Parliament that proclaimed a National Policy for the country is to denationalize the most important part of our country and hand the entire Canadian Northwest over as a slaughter market for the commercial and railway interests of the Western States ? Are we to be assured that we were playing the part of fools when we insisted upon the building of the Short Line railway to give us the shortest possible route for the shipment of our winter exports through Canadian harbors ? The Parliament of Canada is bound to consider the consequences of the removal of the barrier which now operates to prevent the absorption of North- West trade by the United States. The influence of a network of rail- ways, pushed from the United States into our new coun- try, may be readily estimated. Through such agencies in virgin territory new channels of trade will be estab- lished, and the circumstances of the people and the development of the territory will be made to conform to a foreign railway and commercial system. Once over- throw the railway barrier, the next demand will be for the abolition of the Custom Houses ; then will come an agitation promoted by railway speculators and dis- appointed politicians, for political union with the United States ; and the North-Wost, if not absolutely lost to Canada and the Empire, will be kept in such a fever of excitement as will retard its progress and prevent that harmony and unity with the Eastern Provinces which all true friends of the country desire. A national policy, to be truly national and permanent in its effects, must consider all the great interests of our I:!' 14 extended country, It must be armed at all points for the protection of all national interests and resources. It can not be of sectional application only. It can not protect our commercial interests at one point and leave them open to attack at other points. It need not be expected to promote prosperity in one quarter while threatening bankruptcy in another. "We have a magnificent system of internal rail- ways ; let us see that what we do in the way of legisla- tion tends to strengthen that system, not to cripple it. We have established a fiscal system which keeps Canadian trade for Canadians ; let us see that we maintain it in the North- "West as elsewhere. "We have practically guaranteed to Canadian ports the Canadian winter traflic with Europe ; let us see that nothing is done which can be construed into a repudiation of the guarantee. In a word, let Parliament at this serious moment declare, without wavering, and with a resolution not to be misunderstood, that it stands by Canadian Commerce, Canadian Railways, Canadian Marts, Canadian Seaports, — by Canadian Interests, first, last, and all the time. CANADIAN MANUFACTURER. joints for the rces. It can ot protect our them open to 3d to promote lankruptcy in internal rail- ay of legisla- ripple it. We jps Canadian itain it in the [y guaranteed with Europe ; !onstrued into 3t Parliament wavering, and bhat it stands ys, Canadian aterests, first, is A.CTURBR. UM